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hiding</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: evasive hiding"> <meta name="keywords" content="evasive hiding"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="evasive hiding"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 76</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: evasive hiding</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">76</span> Personality as a Predictor of Knowledge Hiding Behavior: Case Study of Alpha Electronics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadeeqa%20Khan">Sadeeqa Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Usman"> Muhammad Usman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Employees’ knowledge hiding behaviors can be detrimental to employees’ interpersonal relationships and individual and organizational learning and creativity. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the literature on the contingencies, antecedents and outcomes of employees’ knowledge hiding behaviors is still in its infancy. On the other hand, not everyone who hides knowledge hides it the same way, as individuals are different, so do their behaviors. This study explores the links between employees’ personality traits and their knowledge hiding behaviors. By using a single case study as a research methodology and collecting data through 28 semi-structured interviews from employees working in Alpha Electronics (the pseudo name of the company to ascertain anonymity) operating in Pakistan, we foreground the patterns of relationships between employees’ personality traits and knowledge hiding behaviors – rationalized hiding, evasive hiding and playing dumb. Our findings suggest that employees high on extraversion involve in evasive knowledge hiding; while employees low on extraversion (introverts) demonstrate rationalized hiding. Moreover, both extrovert and introvert employees involve in playing dumb in situations that involve risk for their jobs and careers. For instance, when knowledge is requested from their managers, both extrovert and introvert employees tend to play dumb, as in such cases, evasive and rationalized hiding can be harmful to their job and career-related interests and motives. Other than theoretical contributions, the study offers important implications for organizations faced with the challenges of shortage of skills and knowledge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20hiding" title="knowledge hiding">knowledge hiding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personality" title=" personality"> personality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rationalized%20hiding" title=" rationalized hiding"> rationalized hiding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=playing%20dumb" title=" playing dumb"> playing dumb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evasive%20hiding" title=" evasive hiding"> evasive hiding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95392/personality-as-a-predictor-of-knowledge-hiding-behavior-case-study-of-alpha-electronics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95392.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">215</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">75</span> A Machine Learning Approach to Detecting Evasive PDF Malware</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vareesha%20Masood">Vareesha Masood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammara%20Gul"> Ammara Gul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabeeha%20Areej"> Nabeeha Areej</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Asif%20Masood"> Muhammad Asif Masood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamna%20Imran"> Hamna Imran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The universal use of PDF files has prompted hackers to use them for malicious intent by hiding malicious codes in their victim’s PDF machines. Machine learning has proven to be the most efficient in identifying benign files and detecting files with PDF malware. This paper has proposed an approach using a decision tree classifier with parameters. A modern, inclusive dataset CIC-Evasive-PDFMal2022, produced by Lockheed Martin’s Cyber Security wing is used. It is one of the most reliable datasets to use in this field. We designed a PDF malware detection system that achieved 99.2%. Comparing the suggested model to other cutting-edge models in the same study field, it has a great performance in detecting PDF malware. Accordingly, we provide the fastest, most reliable, and most efficient PDF Malware detection approach in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PDF%20malware" title=" PDF malware"> PDF malware</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20tree%20classifier" title=" decision tree classifier"> decision tree classifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random%20forest%20classifier" title=" random forest classifier"> random forest classifier</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172206/a-machine-learning-approach-to-detecting-evasive-pdf-malware" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172206.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">74</span> The 1st Personal Pronouns as Evasive Devices in the 2016 Taiwanese Presidential Debate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan-Chi%20Chen">Yan-Chi Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to investigate the 1st personal pronouns as evasive devices used by presidential candidates in the 2016 Taiwanese Presidential Debate within the framework of critical discourse analysis (CDA). This study finds that the personal pronoun ‘I’ is the highest frequent personal pronoun in the 2016 Taiwanese Presidential Debate. Generally speaking, the first personal pronouns were used most in the presidential debate, compared with the second and the third personal pronouns. Hence, a further quantitative analysis is conducted to explore the correlation between the frequencies of the two 1st personal pronouns and the other pronouns. Results show that the number of the personal pronoun ‘I’ increases from 26 to 49, with the personal pronoun ‘we’ decreases from 43 to 15 during the debate. Though it seems the personal pronoun ‘I’ has a higher tendency in pronominal choice, statistical evidence demonstrated that the personal pronoun ‘we’ has the greater statistical significance (p<0.0002), compared with that of ‘I’ (p<0.0116). The comparatively small p-value of the personal pronoun ‘we’ means it ‘has a stronger correlation with the overall pronominal choice, and the personal pronoun ‘we’ is more likely to be used than the personal pronoun ‘I’. Therefore, this study concludes that the pronominal choice varies with different evasive strategies. The ingrained functions of these personal pronouns are mainly categorized as ‘agreement’ and ‘justification’. The personal pronoun ’we’ is preferred in the agreement evasive strategies, and ‘I’ is used for justifying oneself. In addition, the personal pronoun ‘we’ can be defined as both ‘inclusive’ and ‘exclusive’ personal pronoun, which rendered ‘we’ more functions not limited to agreement evasive strategies. In conclusion, although the personal pronoun ‘I’ has the highest occurrences, the personal pronoun ‘we’ is more related to the first pronoun choices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20discourse%20analysis%20%28CDA%29" title="critical discourse analysis (CDA)">critical discourse analysis (CDA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evasive%20devices" title=" evasive devices"> evasive devices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%201st%20personal%20pronouns" title=" the 1st personal pronouns"> the 1st personal pronouns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%202016%20Taiwanese%20Presidential%20Debate" title=" the 2016 Taiwanese Presidential Debate"> the 2016 Taiwanese Presidential Debate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92847/the-1st-personal-pronouns-as-evasive-devices-in-the-2016-taiwanese-presidential-debate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92847.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">73</span> Exploiting JPEG2000 into Reversible Information</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Te-Jen%20Chang">Te-Jen Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I-Hui%20Pan"> I-Hui Pan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuang-Hsiung%20Tan"> Kuang-Hsiung Tan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shan-Jen%20Cheng"> Shan-Jen Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chien-Wu%20Lan"> Chien-Wu Lan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih-Chan%20Hu"> Chih-Chan Hu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the event of multimedia age in order to protect data not to be tampered, damaged, and faked, information hiding technologies are proposed. Information hiding means important secret information is hidden into cover multimedia and then camouflaged media is produced. This camouflaged media has the characteristic of natural protection. Under the undoubted situation, important secret information is transmitted out.Reversible information hiding technologies for high capacity is proposed in this paper. The gray images are as cover media in this technology. We compress gray images and compare with the original image to produce the estimated differences. By using the estimated differences, expression information hiding is used, and higher information capacity can be achieved. According to experimental results, the proposed technology can be approved. For these experiments, the whole capacity of information payload and image quality can be satisfied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cover%20media" title="cover media">cover media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=camouflaged%20media" title=" camouflaged media"> camouflaged media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reversible%20information%20hiding" title=" reversible information hiding"> reversible information hiding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gray%20image" title=" gray image"> gray image</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58909/exploiting-jpeg2000-into-reversible-information" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58909.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">72</span> A Novel Image Steganography Scheme Based on Mandelbrot Fractal </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adnan%20H.%20M.%20Al-Helali">Adnan H. M. Al-Helali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamza%20A.%20Ali"> Hamza A. Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Growth of censorship and pervasive monitoring on the Internet, Steganography arises as a new means of achieving secret communication. Steganography is the art and science of embedding information within electronic media used by common applications and systems. Generally, hiding information of multimedia within images will change some of their properties that may introduce few degradation or unusual characteristics. This paper presents a new image steganography approach for hiding information of multimedia (images, text, and audio) using generated Mandelbrot Fractal image as a cover. The proposed technique has been extensively tested with different images. The results show that the method is a very secure means of hiding and retrieving steganographic information. Experimental results demonstrate that an effective improvement in the values of the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Square Error (MSE), Normalized Cross Correlation (NCC) and Image Fidelity (IF) over the previous techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractal%20image" title="fractal image">fractal image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20hiding" title=" information hiding"> information hiding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mandelbrot%20et%20fractal" title=" Mandelbrot et fractal"> Mandelbrot et fractal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steganography" title=" steganography"> steganography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21666/a-novel-image-steganography-scheme-based-on-mandelbrot-fractal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21666.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">541</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">71</span> A Novel Image Steganography Method Based on Mandelbrot Fractal </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adnan%20H.%20M.%20Al-Helali">Adnan H. M. Al-Helali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamza%20A.%20Ali"> Hamza A. Ali </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The growth of censorship and pervasive monitoring on the Internet, Steganography arises as a new means of achieving secret communication. Steganography is the art and science of embedding information within electronic media used by common applications and systems. Generally, hiding information of multimedia within images will change some of their properties that may introduce few degradation or unusual characteristics. This paper presents a new image steganography approach for hiding information of multimedia (images, text, and audio) using generated Mandelbrot Fractal image as a cover. The proposed technique has been extensively tested with different images. The results show that the method is a very secure means of hiding and retrieving steganographic information. Experimental results demonstrate that an effective improvement in the values of the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Square Error (MSE), Normalized Cross Correlation (NCC), and Image Fidelity (IF) over the pervious techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractal%20image" title="fractal image">fractal image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20hiding" title=" information hiding"> information hiding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mandelbrot%20set%20fractal" title=" Mandelbrot set fractal"> Mandelbrot set fractal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steganography" title=" steganography"> steganography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21625/a-novel-image-steganography-method-based-on-mandelbrot-fractal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21625.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">618</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">70</span> Data Hiding by Vector Quantization in Color Image</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yung%20Gi%20Wu">Yung Gi Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the growing of computer and network, digital data can be spread to anywhere in the world quickly. In addition, digital data can also be copied or tampered easily so that the security issue becomes an important topic in the protection of digital data. Digital watermark is a method to protect the ownership of digital data. Embedding the watermark will influence the quality certainly. In this paper, Vector Quantization (VQ) is used to embed the watermark into the image to fulfill the goal of data hiding. This kind of watermarking is invisible which means that the users will not conscious the existing of embedded watermark even though the embedded image has tiny difference compared to the original image. Meanwhile, VQ needs a lot of computation burden so that we adopt a fast VQ encoding scheme by partial distortion searching (PDS) and mean approximation scheme to speed up the data hiding process. The watermarks we hide to the image could be gray, bi-level and color images. Texts are also can be regarded as watermark to embed. In order to test the robustness of the system, we adopt Photoshop to fulfill sharpen, cropping and altering to check if the extracted watermark is still recognizable. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system can resist the above three kinds of tampering in general cases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20hiding" title="data hiding">data hiding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vector%20quantization" title=" vector quantization"> vector quantization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=watermark" title=" watermark"> watermark</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=color%20image" title=" color image"> color image</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28889/data-hiding-by-vector-quantization-in-color-image" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28889.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">364</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">69</span> Survivability of Maneuvering Aircraft against Air to Air Infrared Missile</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji-Yeul%20Bae">Ji-Yeul Bae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyung%20Mo%20Bae"> Hyung Mo Bae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jihyuk%20Kim"> Jihyuk Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyung%20Hee%20Cho"> Hyung Hee Cho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An air to air infrared missile poses a significant threat to the survivability of an aircraft due to an advanced sensitivity of sensor and maneuverability of the missile. Therefore, recent military aircraft is equipped with MAW (Missile Approach Warning) to take an evasive maneuver and to deploy countermeasures like chaff and flare. In this research, an effect of MAW sensitivity and resulting evasive maneuver on the survivability of the fighter aircraft is studied. A single engine fighter jet with Mach 0.9 flying at an altitude of 5 km is modeled in the research and infrared signature of the aircraft is calculated by numerical simulation. The survivability is assessed in terms of lethal range. The MAW sensitivity and maneuverability of an aircraft is used as variables. The result showed that improvement in survivability mainly achieved when the missile approach from the side of the aircraft. And maximum 30% increase in survivability of the aircraft is achieved when existence of the missile is noticed at 7 km distance. As a conclusion, sensitivity of the MAW seems to be more important factor than the maneuverability of the aircraft in terms of the survivability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20to%20air%20missile" title="air to air missile">air to air missile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=missile%20approach%20warning" title=" missile approach warning"> missile approach warning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lethal%20range" title=" lethal range"> lethal range</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=survivability" title=" survivability"> survivability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89381/survivability-of-maneuvering-aircraft-against-air-to-air-infrared-missile" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89381.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">568</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">68</span> Self-Attention Mechanism for Target Hiding Based on Satellite Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hao%20Yuan">Hao Yuan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongjian%20Shen"> Yongjian Shen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiangjun%20He"> Xiangjun He</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuheng%20Li"> Yuheng Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhouzhou%20Zhang"> Zhouzhou Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pengyu%20Zhang"> Pengyu Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minkang%20Cai"> Minkang Cai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Remote sensing data can provide support for decision-making in disaster assessment or disaster relief. The traditional processing methods of sensitive targets in remote sensing mapping are mainly based on manual retrieval and image editing tools, which are inefficient. Methods based on deep learning for sensitive target hiding are faster and more flexible. But these methods have disadvantages in training time and cost of calculation. This paper proposed a target hiding model Self Attention (SA) Deepfill, which used self-attention modules to replace part of gated convolution layers in image inpainting. By this operation, the calculation amount of the model becomes smaller, and the performance is improved. And this paper adds free-form masks to the model’s training to enhance the model’s universal. The experiment on an open remote sensing dataset proved the efficiency of our method. Moreover, through experimental comparison, the proposed method can train for a longer time without over-fitting. Finally, compared with the existing methods, the proposed model has lower computational weight and better performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing%20mapping" title="remote sensing mapping">remote sensing mapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20inpainting" title=" image inpainting"> image inpainting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-attention%20mechanism" title=" self-attention mechanism"> self-attention mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=target%20hiding" title=" target hiding"> target hiding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166828/self-attention-mechanism-for-target-hiding-based-on-satellite-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166828.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">67</span> Difference Expansion Based Reversible Data Hiding Scheme Using Edge Directions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshanlal%20Meenpal">Toshanlal Meenpal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ankita%20Meenpal"> Ankita Meenpal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A very important technique in reversible data hiding field is Difference expansion. Secret message as well as the cover image may be completely recovered without any distortion after data extraction process due to reversibility feature. In general, in any difference expansion scheme embedding is performed by integer transform in the difference image acquired by grouping two neighboring pixel values. This paper proposes an improved reversible difference expansion embedding scheme. We mainly consider edge direction for embedding by modifying the difference of two neighboring pixels values. In general, the larger difference tends to bring a degraded stego image quality than the smaller difference. Image quality in the range of 0.5 to 3.7 dB in average is achieved by the proposed scheme, which is shown through the experimental results. However payload wise it achieves almost similar capacity in comparisons with previous method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20hiding" title="information hiding">information hiding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wedge%20direction" title=" wedge direction"> wedge direction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=difference%20expansion" title=" difference expansion"> difference expansion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integer%20transform" title=" integer transform"> integer transform</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18293/difference-expansion-based-reversible-data-hiding-scheme-using-edge-directions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18293.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">484</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">66</span> Navigating Shadows: Examining a Moderation Mediation model of Punitive supervision, Innovative Work Behavior and Employee’s Knowledge Hiding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadia%20Anwara">Sadia Anwara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weng%20Qingxionga"> Weng Qingxionga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jahan%20Zeb%20Aslamb"> Jahan Zeb Aslamb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Drawing on the Conservation of Resources Theory and Theory of Displaced Aggression, current research study aims to explore the impact of an emerging destructive leadership style i.e., Punitive Supervision on the Employees’ Innovative Work Behavior (IWB) and Employee’s Knowledge Hiding (EKH) within the hospitality sector of Pakistan. This paper further elaborates the underlying mechanism by introducing job security as the mediator and Perceived Organisational Support (POS) as the coping mechanism to manage the deteriorating effects of Punitive supervision on the IWS and EKH. Two wave data (N=267) was obtained from the frontline employees of the hospitality sector of Pakistan in order to test the hypothesized moderation mediation model. Study findings unveiled that, punitive supervision negatively affects employees' innovative work behavior (IWB) and increases employee’s knowledge hiding (EKH), with job insecurity serving as a significant mediator in these relationships. Specifically, punitive supervision increases employees' perceptions of job insecurity, decreasing their innovative work behaviors and increasing their tendencies to engage in knowledge hiding. From a managerial perspective, this research study suggests that managers must evaluate their behavior and leadership style to prevent the drastic effect of dark leadership on the employee’s IWB and EKH. In addition, organizations must strive to foster an organizational culture of trust and open communication to reduce job insecurity. Employees should receive sufficient training and development opportunities to reduce job insecurity, while clear performance expectations and constructive feedback should be encouraged to help them excel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=punitive%20supervision" title="punitive supervision">punitive supervision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=job%20insecurity" title=" job insecurity"> job insecurity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perceived%20organisational%20support" title=" perceived organisational support"> perceived organisational support</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovative%20work%20behavior" title=" innovative work behavior"> innovative work behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20hiding" title=" knowledge hiding"> knowledge hiding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192458/navigating-shadows-examining-a-moderation-mediation-model-of-punitive-supervision-innovative-work-behavior-and-employees-knowledge-hiding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192458.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">23</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">65</span> Survey: Topology Hiding in Multipath Routing Protocol in MANET</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akshay%20Suhas%20Phalke">Akshay Suhas Phalke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manohar%20S.%20Chaudhari"> Manohar S. Chaudhari </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we have discussed the multipath routing with its variants. Our purpose is to discuss the different types of the multipath routing mechanism. Here we also put the taxonomy of the multipath routing. Multipath routing is used for the alternate path routing, reliable transmission of data and for better utilization of network resources. We also discussed the multipath routing for topology hiding such as TOHIP. In multipath routing, different parameters such as energy efficiency, packet delivery ratio, shortest path routing, fault tolerance play an important role. We have discussed a number of multipath routing protocol based on different parameters lastly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-path%20routing" title="multi-path routing">multi-path routing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WSN" title=" WSN"> WSN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topology" title=" topology"> topology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20detection" title=" fault detection"> fault detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trust" title=" trust"> trust</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45654/survey-topology-hiding-in-multipath-routing-protocol-in-manet" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45654.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">64</span> Secure Text Steganography for Microsoft Word Document</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khan%20Farhan%20Rafat">Khan Farhan Rafat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Junaid%20Hussain"> M. Junaid Hussain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Seamless modification of an entity for the purpose of hiding a message of significance inside its substance in a manner that the embedding remains oblivious to an observer is known as steganography. Together with today's pervasive registering frameworks, steganography has developed into a science that offers an assortment of strategies for stealth correspondence over the globe that must, however, need a critical appraisal from security breach standpoint. Microsoft Word is amongst the preferably used word processing software, which comes as a part of the Microsoft Office suite. With a user-friendly graphical interface, the richness of text editing, and formatting topographies, the documents produced through this software are also most suitable for stealth communication. This research aimed not only to epitomize the fundamental concepts of steganography but also to expound on the utilization of Microsoft Word document as a carrier for furtive message exchange. The exertion is to examine contemporary message hiding schemes from security aspect so as to present the explorative discoveries and suggest enhancements which may serve a wellspring of information to encourage such futuristic research endeavors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hiding%20information%20in%20plain%20sight" title="hiding information in plain sight">hiding information in plain sight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stealth%20communication" title=" stealth communication"> stealth communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oblivious%20information%20exchange" title=" oblivious information exchange"> oblivious information exchange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceal" title=" conceal"> conceal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steganography" title=" steganography"> steganography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71914/secure-text-steganography-for-microsoft-word-document" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71914.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">63</span> Robust Data Image Watermarking for Data Security</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harsh%20Vikram%20Singh">Harsh Vikram Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ankur%20Rai"> Ankur Rai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anand%20Mohan"> Anand Mohan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we propose secure and robust data hiding algorithm based on DCT by Arnold transform and chaotic sequence. The watermark image is scrambled by Arnold cat map to increases its security and then the chaotic map is used for watermark signal spread in middle band of DCT coefficients of the cover image The chaotic map can be used as pseudo-random generator for digital data hiding, to increase security and robustness .Performance evaluation for robustness and imperceptibility of proposed algorithm has been made using bit error rate (BER), normalized correlation (NC), and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) value for different watermark and cover images such as Lena, Girl, Tank images and gain factor .We use a binary logo image and text image as watermark. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves higher security and robustness against JPEG compression as well as other attacks such as addition of noise, low pass filtering and cropping attacks compared to other existing algorithm using DCT coefficients. Moreover, to recover watermarks in proposed algorithm, there is no need to original cover image. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20hiding" title="data hiding">data hiding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=watermarking" title=" watermarking"> watermarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DCT" title=" DCT"> DCT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chaotic%20sequence" title=" chaotic sequence"> chaotic sequence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arnold%20transforms" title=" arnold transforms"> arnold transforms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29055/robust-data-image-watermarking-for-data-security" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29055.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">515</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">62</span> Blind Data Hiding Technique Using Interpolation of Subsampled Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Singara%20Singh%20Kasana">Singara Singh Kasana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pankaj%20Garg"> Pankaj Garg</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a blind data hiding technique based on interpolation of sub sampled versions of a cover image is proposed. Sub sampled image is taken as a reference image and an interpolated image is generated from this reference image. Then difference between original cover image and interpolated image is used to embed secret data. Comparisons with the existing interpolation based techniques show that proposed technique provides higher embedding capacity and better visual quality marked images. Moreover, the performance of the proposed technique is more stable for different images. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interpolation" title="interpolation">interpolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20subsampling" title=" image subsampling"> image subsampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PSNR" title=" PSNR"> PSNR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SIM" title=" SIM"> SIM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18926/blind-data-hiding-technique-using-interpolation-of-subsampled-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18926.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">578</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">61</span> Applying Different Stenography Techniques in Cloud Computing Technology to Improve Cloud Data Privacy and Security Issues</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Muhammad%20Suleiman">Muhammad Muhammad Suleiman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cloud Computing is a versatile concept that refers to a service that allows users to outsource their data without having to worry about local storage issues. However, the most pressing issues to be addressed are maintaining a secure and reliable data repository rather than relying on untrustworthy service providers. In this study, we look at how stenography approaches and collaboration with Digital Watermarking can greatly improve the system's effectiveness and data security when used for Cloud Computing. The main requirement of such frameworks, where data is transferred or exchanged between servers and users, is safe data management in cloud environments. Steganography is the cloud is among the most effective methods for safe communication. Steganography is a method of writing coded messages in such a way that only the sender and recipient can safely interpret and display the information hidden in the communication channel. This study presents a new text steganography method for hiding a loaded hidden English text file in a cover English text file to ensure data protection in cloud computing. Data protection, data hiding capability, and time were all improved using the proposed technique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20computing" title="cloud computing">cloud computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steganography" title=" steganography"> steganography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20hiding" title=" information hiding"> information hiding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20storage" title=" cloud storage"> cloud storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137761/applying-different-stenography-techniques-in-cloud-computing-technology-to-improve-cloud-data-privacy-and-security-issues" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137761.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">60</span> Data Hiding in Gray Image Using ASCII Value and Scanning Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20K.%20Pateriya">R. K. Pateriya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jyoti%20Bharti"> Jyoti Bharti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an approach for data hiding methods which provides a secret communication between sender and receiver. The data is hidden in gray-scale images and the boundary of gray-scale image is used to store the mapping information. In this an approach data is in ASCII format and the mapping is in between ASCII value of hidden message and pixel value of cover image, since pixel value of an image as well as ASCII value is in range of 0 to 255 and this mapping information is occupying only 1 bit per character of hidden message as compared to 8 bit per character thus maintaining good quality of stego image. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ASCII%20value" title="ASCII value">ASCII value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cover%20image" title=" cover image"> cover image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PSNR" title=" PSNR"> PSNR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pixel%20value" title=" pixel value"> pixel value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stego%20image" title=" stego image"> stego image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secret%20message" title=" secret message"> secret message</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50472/data-hiding-in-gray-image-using-ascii-value-and-scanning-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50472.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">415</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">59</span> Image Steganography Using Least Significant Bit Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Preeti%20Kumari">Preeti Kumari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ridhi%20Kapoor"> Ridhi Kapoor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p>  In any communication, security is the most important issue in today’s world. In this paper, steganography is the process of hiding the important data into other data, such as text, audio, video, and image. The interest in this topic is to provide availability, confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of data. The steganographic technique that embeds hides content with unremarkable cover media so as not to provoke eavesdropper’s suspicion or third party and hackers. In which many applications of compression, encryption, decryption, and embedding methods are used for digital image steganography. Due to compression, the nose produces in the image. To sustain noise in the image, the LSB insertion technique is used. The performance of the proposed embedding system with respect to providing security to secret message and robustness is discussed. We also demonstrate the maximum steganography capacity and visual distortion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steganography" title="steganography">steganography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LSB" title=" LSB"> LSB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encoding" title=" encoding"> encoding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20hiding" title=" information hiding"> information hiding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=color%20image" title=" color image"> color image</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35755/image-steganography-using-least-significant-bit-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35755.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">474</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">58</span> High Performance Electrocardiogram Steganography Based on Fast Discrete Cosine Transform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liang-Ta%20Cheng">Liang-Ta Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ching-Yu%20Yang"> Ching-Yu Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Based on fast discrete cosine transform (FDCT), the authors present a high capacity and high perceived quality method for electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. By using a simple adjusting policy to the 1-dimentional (1-D) DCT coefficients, a large volume of secret message can be effectively embedded in an ECG host signal and be successfully extracted at the intended receiver. Simulations confirmed that the resulting perceived quality is good, while the hiding capability of the proposed method significantly outperforms that of existing techniques. In addition, our proposed method has a certain degree of robustness. Since the computational complexity is low, it is feasible for our method being employed in real-time applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20hiding" title="data hiding">data hiding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ECG%20steganography" title=" ECG steganography"> ECG steganography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fast%20discrete%20cosine%20transform" title=" fast discrete cosine transform"> fast discrete cosine transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1-D%20DCT%20bundle" title=" 1-D DCT bundle"> 1-D DCT bundle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real-time%20applications" title=" real-time applications"> real-time applications</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81916/high-performance-electrocardiogram-steganography-based-on-fast-discrete-cosine-transform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81916.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> A Survey of Feature-Based Steganalysis for JPEG Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syeda%20Mainaaz%20Unnisa">Syeda Mainaaz Unnisa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepa%20Suresh"> Deepa Suresh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the increase in usage of public domain channels, such as the internet, and communication technology, there is a concern about the protection of intellectual property and security threats. This interest has led to growth in researching and implementing techniques for information hiding. Steganography is the art and science of hiding information in a private manner such that its existence cannot be recognized. Communication using steganographic techniques makes not only the secret message but also the presence of hidden communication, invisible. Steganalysis is the art of detecting the presence of this hidden communication. Parallel to steganography, steganalysis is also gaining prominence, since the detection of hidden messages can prevent catastrophic security incidents from occurring. Steganalysis can also be incredibly helpful in identifying and revealing holes with the current steganographic techniques, which makes them vulnerable to attacks. Through the formulation of new effective steganalysis methods, further research to improve the resistance of tested steganography techniques can be developed. Feature-based steganalysis method for JPEG images calculates the features of an image using the L1 norm of the difference between a stego image and the calibrated version of the image. This calibration can help retrieve some of the parameters of the cover image, revealing the variations between the cover and stego image and enabling a more accurate detection. Applying this method to various steganographic schemes, experimental results were compared and evaluated to derive conclusions and principles for more protected JPEG steganography. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cover%20image" title="cover image">cover image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feature-based%20steganalysis" title=" feature-based steganalysis"> feature-based steganalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20hiding" title=" information hiding"> information hiding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steganalysis" title=" steganalysis"> steganalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steganography" title=" steganography"> steganography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74113/a-survey-of-feature-based-steganalysis-for-jpeg-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74113.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">216</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> Development of a Data Security Model Using Steganography</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Terungwa%20Simon%20Yange">Terungwa Simon Yange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agana%20Moses%20A."> Agana Moses A.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper studied steganography and designed a simplistic approach to a steganographic tool for hiding information in image files with the view of addressing the security challenges with data by hiding data from unauthorized users to improve its security. The Structured Systems Analysis and Design Method (SSADM) was used in this work. The system was developed using Java Development Kit (JDK) 1.7.0_10 and MySQL Server as its backend. The system was tested with some hypothetical health records which proved the possibility of protecting data from unauthorized users by making it secret so that its existence cannot be easily recognized by fraudulent users. It further strengthens the confidentiality of patient records kept by medical practitioners in the health setting. In conclusion, this work was able to produce a user friendly steganography software that is very fast to install and easy to operate to ensure privacy and secrecy of sensitive data. It also produced an exact copy of the original image and the one carrying the secret message when compared with each. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steganography" title="steganography">steganography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryptography" title=" cryptography"> cryptography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encryption" title=" encryption"> encryption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decryption" title=" decryption"> decryption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secrecy" title=" secrecy"> secrecy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36466/development-of-a-data-security-model-using-steganography" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36466.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> Secret Sharing in Visual Cryptography Using NVSS and Data Hiding Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Misha%20Alexander">Misha Alexander</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20B.%20Waykar"> S. B. Waykar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Visual Cryptography is a special unbreakable encryption technique that transforms the secret image into random noisy pixels. These shares are transmitted over the network and because of its noisy texture it attracts the hackers. To address this issue a Natural Visual Secret Sharing Scheme (NVSS) was introduced that uses natural shares either in digital or printed form to generate the noisy secret share. This scheme greatly reduces the transmission risk but causes distortion in the retrieved secret image through variation in settings and properties of digital devices used to capture the natural image during encryption / decryption phase. This paper proposes a new NVSS scheme that extracts the secret key from randomly selected unaltered multiple natural images. To further improve the security of the shares data hiding techniques such as Steganography and Alpha channel watermarking are proposed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decryption" title="decryption">decryption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encryption" title=" encryption"> encryption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20visual%20secret%20sharing" title=" natural visual secret sharing"> natural visual secret sharing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20images" title=" natural images"> natural images</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noisy%20share" title=" noisy share"> noisy share</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pixel%20swapping" title=" pixel swapping"> pixel swapping</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33268/secret-sharing-in-visual-cryptography-using-nvss-and-data-hiding-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33268.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> High Secure Data Hiding Using Cropping Image and Least Significant Bit Steganography</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20A.%20Al-Afandy">Khalid A. Al-Afandy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El-Sayyed%20El-Rabaie"> El-Sayyed El-Rabaie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osama%20Salah"> Osama Salah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20El-Mhalaway"> Ahmed El-Mhalaway</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a high secure data hiding technique using image cropping and Least Significant Bit (LSB) steganography. The predefined certain secret coordinate crops will be extracted from the cover image. The secret text message will be divided into sections. These sections quantity is equal the image crops quantity. Each section from the secret text message will embed into an image crop with a secret sequence using LSB technique. The embedding is done using the cover image color channels. Stego image is given by reassembling the image and the stego crops. The results of the technique will be compared to the other state of art techniques. Evaluation is based on visualization to detect any degradation of stego image, the difficulty of extracting the embedded data by any unauthorized viewer, Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio of stego image (PSNR), and the embedding algorithm CPU time. Experimental results ensure that the proposed technique is more secure compared with the other traditional techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steganography" title="steganography">steganography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stego" title=" stego"> stego</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LSB" title=" LSB"> LSB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crop" title=" crop"> crop</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44747/high-secure-data-hiding-using-cropping-image-and-least-significant-bit-steganography" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44747.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> Digital Image Steganography with Multilayer Security</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amar%20Partap%20Singh%20Pharwaha">Amar Partap Singh Pharwaha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Balkrishan%20Jindal"> Balkrishan Jindal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a new method is developed for hiding image in a digital image with multilayer security. In the proposed method, the secret image is encrypted in the first instance using a flexible matrix based symmetric key to add first layer of security. Then another layer of security is added to the secret data by encrypting the ciphered data using Pythagorean Theorem method. The ciphered data bits (4 bits) produced after double encryption are then embedded within digital image in the spatial domain using Least Significant Bits (LSBs) substitution. To improve the image quality of the stego-image, an improved form of pixel adjustment process is proposed. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, image quality metrics including Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Square Error (MSE), entropy, correlation, mean value and Universal Image Quality Index (UIQI) are measured. It has been found experimentally that the proposed method provides higher security as well as robustness. In fact, the results of this study are quite promising. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pythagorean%20theorem" title="Pythagorean theorem">Pythagorean theorem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pixel%20adjustment" title=" pixel adjustment"> pixel adjustment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ciphered%20data" title=" ciphered data"> ciphered data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20hiding" title=" image hiding"> image hiding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=least%20significant%20bit" title=" least significant bit"> least significant bit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20matrix" title=" flexible matrix"> flexible matrix</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31493/digital-image-steganography-with-multilayer-security" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31493.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> An Improved Image Steganography Technique Based on Least Significant Bit Insertion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olaiya%20Folorunsho">Olaiya Folorunsho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Comfort%20Y.%20Daramola"> Comfort Y. Daramola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joel%20N.%20Ugwu"> Joel N. Ugwu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lawrence%20B.%20Adewole"> Lawrence B. Adewole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olufisayo%20S.%20Ekundayo"> Olufisayo S. Ekundayo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In today world, there is a tremendous rise in the usage of internet due to the fact that almost all the communication and information sharing is done over the web. Conversely, there is a continuous growth of unauthorized access to confidential data. This has posed a challenge to information security expertise whose major goal is to curtail the menace. One of the approaches to secure the safety delivery of data/information to the rightful destination without any modification is steganography. Steganography is the art of hiding information inside an embedded information. This research paper aimed at designing a secured algorithm with the use of image steganographic technique that makes use of Least Significant Bit (LSB) algorithm for embedding the data into the bit map image (bmp) in order to enhance security and reliability. In the LSB approach, the basic idea is to replace the LSB of the pixels of the cover image with the Bits of the messages to be hidden without destroying the property of the cover image significantly. The system was implemented using C# programming language of Microsoft.NET framework. The performance evaluation of the proposed system was experimented by conducting a benchmarking test for analyzing the parameters like Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). The result showed that image steganography performed considerably in securing data hiding and information transmission over the networks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steganography" title="steganography">steganography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20steganography" title=" image steganography"> image steganography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=least%20significant%20bits" title=" least significant bits"> least significant bits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bit%20map%20image" title=" bit map image"> bit map image</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57080/an-improved-image-steganography-technique-based-on-least-significant-bit-insertion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57080.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> Reversible Information Hitting in Encrypted JPEG Bitstream by LSB Based on Inherent Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vaibhav%20Barve">Vaibhav Barve</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reversible information hiding has drawn a lot of interest as of late. Being reversible, we can restore unique computerized data totally. It is a plan where mystery data is put away in digital media like image, video, audio to maintain a strategic distance from unapproved access and security reason. By and large JPEG bit stream is utilized to store this key data, first JPEG bit stream is encrypted into all around sorted out structure and then this secret information or key data is implanted into this encrypted region by marginally changing the JPEG bit stream. Valuable pixels suitable for information implanting are computed and as indicated by this key subtle elements are implanted. In our proposed framework we are utilizing RC4 algorithm for encrypting JPEG bit stream. Encryption key is acknowledged by framework user which, likewise, will be used at the time of decryption. We are executing enhanced least significant bit supplanting steganography by utilizing genetic algorithm. At first, the quantity of bits that must be installed in a guaranteed coefficient is versatile. By utilizing proper parameters, we can get high capacity while ensuring high security. We are utilizing logistic map for shuffling of bits and utilization GA (Genetic Algorithm) to find right parameters for the logistic map. Information embedding key is utilized at the time of information embedding. By utilizing precise picture encryption and information embedding key, the beneficiary can, without much of a stretch, concentrate the incorporated secure data and totally recoup the first picture and also the original secret information. At the point when the embedding key is truant, the first picture can be recouped pretty nearly with sufficient quality without getting the embedding key of interest. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20embedding" title="data embedding">data embedding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decryption" title=" decryption"> decryption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encryption" title=" encryption"> encryption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reversible%20data%20hiding" title=" reversible data hiding"> reversible data hiding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steganography" title=" steganography"> steganography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32863/reversible-information-hitting-in-encrypted-jpeg-bitstream-by-lsb-based-on-inherent-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32863.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> A Novel Approach of Secret Communication Using Douglas-Peucker Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Kiruthika">R. Kiruthika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Kannan"> A. Kannan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Steganography is the problem of hiding secret messages in 'innocent – looking' public communication so that the presence of the secret message cannot be detected. This paper introduces a steganographic security in terms of computational in-distinguishability from a channel of probability distributions on cover messages. This method first splits the cover image into two separate blocks using Douglas – Peucker algorithm. The text message and the image will be hided in the Least Significant Bit (LSB) of the cover image. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steganography" title="steganography">steganography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lsb" title=" lsb"> lsb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedding" title=" embedding"> embedding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Douglas-Peucker%20algorithm" title=" Douglas-Peucker algorithm"> Douglas-Peucker algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29673/a-novel-approach-of-secret-communication-using-douglas-peucker-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29673.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> Hiding Power of the Scent in Marketing and New Marketing Strategy: The Scent Marketing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahram%20Keshavarzi">Shahram Keshavarzi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today, getting good service, having a good time, and leaving the company with good feelings are importanttforbothcustomers and businesses. It has been observed that when customersareexposedtopleasantsmells, their visit times increase by 26%, and theyvisittheaislesfor 3 times longer. Byusingtheeffect of scents on people, it is toensurethatcustomersshopmore, benefit from the service and be satisfied. Intoday'sresearch, visual memory can be 40% effective after a period of 4 months, whileolfactorymemory is 60% moreeffectiveevenafter 1 year. The purpose of the research is thehiddenandeffectivepower of skepticism in the behavior of consumersandtheeffectivestrategy of modern marketing. Special scentsdirectlyaffecttheincrease in sales by influencing the customer's-decision mechanism in purchasing products. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modern%20marketing%20strategy" title="modern marketing strategy">modern marketing strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scent" title=" scent"> scent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scent%20marketing" title=" scent marketing"> scent marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20behavior" title=" consumer behavior"> consumer behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143854/hiding-power-of-the-scent-in-marketing-and-new-marketing-strategy-the-scent-marketing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143854.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Computational Prediction of the Effect of S477N Mutation on the RBD Binding Affinity and Structural Characteristic, A Molecular Dynamics Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Hossein%20Modarressi">Mohammad Hossein Modarressi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mozhgan%20Mondeali"> Mozhgan Mondeali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khabat%20Barkhordari"> Khabat Barkhordari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Etemadi"> Ali Etemadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has led to significant concerns worldwide due to its catastrophic effects on public health. The SARS-CoV-2 infection is initiated with the binding of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in its spike protein to the ACE2 receptor in the host cell membrane. Due to the error-prone entity of the viral RNA-dependent polymerase complex, the virus genome, including the coding region for the RBD, acquires new mutations, leading to the appearance of multiple variants. These variants can potentially impact transmission, virulence, antigenicity and evasive immune properties. S477N mutation located in the RBD has been observed in the SARS-CoV-2 omicron (B.1.1. 529) variant. In this study, we investigated the consequences of S477N mutation at the molecular level using computational approaches such as molecular dynamics simulation, protein-protein interaction analysis, immunoinformatics and free energy computation. We showed that displacement of Ser with Asn increases the stability of the spike protein and its affinity to ACE2 and thus increases the transmission potential of the virus. This mutation changes the folding and secondary structure of the spike protein. Also, it reduces antibody neutralization, raising concern about re-infection, vaccine breakthrough and therapeutic values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S477N" title="S477N">S477N</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title=" COVID-19"> COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20dynamic" title=" molecular dynamic"> molecular dynamic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SARS-COV2%20mutations" title=" SARS-COV2 mutations"> SARS-COV2 mutations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145533/computational-prediction-of-the-effect-of-s477n-mutation-on-the-rbd-binding-affinity-and-structural-characteristic-a-molecular-dynamics-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145533.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Establishment of Bit Selective Mode Storage Covert Channel in VANETs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amarpreet%20Singh">Amarpreet Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kimi%20Manchanda"> Kimi Manchanda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Intended for providing the security in the VANETS (Vehicular Ad hoc Network) scenario, the covert storage channel is implemented through data transmitted between the sender and the receiver. Covert channels are the logical links which are used for the communication purpose and hiding the secure data from the intruders. This paper refers to the Establishment of bit selective mode covert storage channels in VANETS. In this scenario, the data is being transmitted with two modes i.e. the normal mode and the covert mode. During the communication between vehicles in this scenario, the controlling of bits is possible through the optional bits of IPV6 Header Format. This implementation is fulfilled with the help of Network simulator. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=covert%20mode" title="covert mode">covert mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normal%20mode" title=" normal mode"> normal mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VANET" title=" VANET"> VANET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OBU" title=" OBU"> OBU</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=on-board%20unit" title=" on-board unit"> on-board unit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40241/establishment-of-bit-selective-mode-storage-covert-channel-in-vanets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40241.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> 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