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vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Storia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Storia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Storia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Storia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Origine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sviluppi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sviluppi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Sviluppi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sviluppi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elenco_degli_stati_siro-ittiti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elenco_degli_stati_siro-ittiti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Elenco degli stati siro-ittiti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elenco_degli_stati_siro-ittiti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iscrizioni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iscrizioni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Iscrizioni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iscrizioni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Stati siro-ittiti</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 23 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neohethitische_Staaten" title="Neohethitische Staaten - tedesco svizzero" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Neohethitische Staaten" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tedesco svizzero" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="سور-حيثية - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سور-حيثية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriya-Het_%C3%A7arl%C4%B1qlar%C4%B1" title="Suriya-Het çarlıqları - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Suriya-Het çarlıqları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Сирохетски царства - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сирохетски царства" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estats_neohitites" title="Estats neohitites - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estats neohitites" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-hethitische_Staaten" title="Neo-hethitische Staaten - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Neo-hethitische Staaten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syro-Hittite_states" title="Syro-Hittite states - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Syro-Hittite states" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinos_luvio-arameos" title="Reinos luvio-arameos - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Reinos luvio-arameos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="ممالک سوری-هیتی - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ممالک سوری-هیتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royaumes_n%C3%A9o-hittites" title="Royaumes néo-hittites - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Royaumes néo-hittites" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA" title="הממלכות החתיות החדשות - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הממלכות החתיות החדשות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Ajhettita_kir%C3%A1lys%C3%A1gok" title="Újhettita királyságok - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Újhettita királyságok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negara-negara_Suriah-Het" title="Negara-negara Suriah-Het - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Negara-negara Suriah-Het" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siro-hetitai" title="Siro-hetitai - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Siro-hetitai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanjakana_ne%C3%B4-hitita" title="Fanjakana neô-hitita - malgascio" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fanjakana neô-hitita" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Hettitische_vorstendommen" title="Neo-Hettitische vorstendommen - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Neo-Hettitische vorstendommen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrisk-hettittiske_stater" title="Syrisk-hettittiske stater - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Syrisk-hettittiske stater" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estados_neo-hititas" title="Estados neo-hititas - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estados neo-hititas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statele_Siro-Hitite" title="Statele Siro-Hitite - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Statele Siro-Hitite" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE-%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Сиро-хеттские царства - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сиро-хеттские царства" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Новохетитске државе - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Новохетитске државе" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyhettitiska_stater" title="Nyhettitiska stater - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nyhettitiska stater" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ge%C3%A7_Hititler" title="Geç Hititler - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Geç Hititler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q770281#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Stati_siro-ittiti" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussione:Stati_siro-ittiti" rel="discussion" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione linguistica" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">italiano</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visite"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Stati_siro-ittiti"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stati_siro-ittiti&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stati_siro-ittiti&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stati_siro-ittiti&action=history" title="Versioni precedenti di questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Strumenti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Stati_siro-ittiti"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stati_siro-ittiti&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stati_siro-ittiti&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stati_siro-ittiti&action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div 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id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NeoHittiteStates.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/NeoHittiteStates.gif/300px-NeoHittiteStates.gif" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/NeoHittiteStates.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="380" data-file-height="380" /></a><figcaption>Mappa storica degli Stati siro-ittiti nel 800 a.C. circa. I confini sono ipotetici.</figcaption></figure> <p>Gli <b>Stati siro-ittiti</b> (in precedenza <b>Stati neo-ittiti</b>) furono entità politiche della <a href="/wiki/Et%C3%A0_del_ferro" title="Età del ferro">prima età del ferro</a> di lingua <a href="/wiki/Lingua_luvia" title="Lingua luvia">luvia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Lingua_aramaica" title="Lingua aramaica">aramaica</a>. Si svilupparono al confine tra la <a href="/wiki/Siria_(regione_storica)" title="Siria (regione storica)">Siria</a> settentrionale e l'<a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> meridionale dopo il crollo dell'<a href="/wiki/Ittiti" title="Ittiti">Impero ittita</a> nel 1180 a.C. e durarono fino al 700 a.C. circa. Il termine "neo-ittita" a volte è riservato specificamente ai principati di lingua luvia, come <a href="/wiki/Arslantepe" title="Arslantepe">Arslantepe</a> e <a href="/wiki/Karkemi%C5%A1" title="Karkemiš">Karkemiš</a>. In un senso più ampio, il termine "siro-ittita" è oggi applicato a tutte queste entità, dalle anatoliche <a href="/wiki/Tabal" title="Tabal">Tabal</a> e Quwê, a quelle della Siria settentrionale e costiera.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stati_siro-ittiti&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stati_siro-ittiti&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origine">Origine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stati_siro-ittiti&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Origine" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stati_siro-ittiti&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Origine"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Collasso_dell%27Et%C3%A0_del_Bronzo" title="Collasso dell'Età del Bronzo">Collasso dell'Età del Bronzo</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Hittite_rule_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Map_Hittite_rule_en.svg/300px-Map_Hittite_rule_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Map_Hittite_rule_en.svg/450px-Map_Hittite_rule_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Map_Hittite_rule_en.svg/600px-Map_Hittite_rule_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1890" data-file-height="1194" /></a><figcaption>Il vasto <a href="/wiki/Ittiti" title="Ittiti">Impero ittita</a> alla sua massima espansione nelle terre dell'Anatolia centrale</figcaption></figure> <p>Il crollo dell'<a href="/wiki/Ittiti" title="Ittiti">Impero ittita</a> è solitamente associato al graduale declino delle reti commerciali del Mediterraneo orientale e al conseguente <a href="/wiki/Collasso_dell%27Et%C3%A0_del_Bronzo" title="Collasso dell'Età del Bronzo">crollo di molte importanti città della tarda età del bronzo</a> nel <a href="/wiki/Levante_(regione_storica)" title="Levante (regione storica)">Levante</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> e nell'<a href="/wiki/Mar_Egeo" title="Mar Egeo">Egeo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All'inizio del XII secolo a.C. <a href="/wiki/Wilusa" title="Wilusa">Wilusa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Troia" title="Troia">Troia</a>) fu distrutta<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Poco dopo, l'Impero ittita subì un improvviso e devastante attacco da parte dei <a href="/wiki/Kaska" title="Kaska">Kaska</a>, un'oscura popolazione stanziata intorno alle coste al <a href="/wiki/Mar_Nero" title="Mar Nero">Mar Nero</a>, che penetrarono nell'Anatolia orientale e continuarono ad espandersi verso sudest sino a scontrarsi con gli <a href="/wiki/Assiria" title="Assiria">Assiri</a>. Il <a href="/wiki/Re_dell%27Assiria" class="mw-redirect" title="Re dell'Assiria">re dell'Assiria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiglatpileser_I" title="Tiglatpileser I">Tiglatpileser I</a>, documentò che nel tardo secolo XII a.C. i Kaska e i loro alleati <a href="/wiki/Mushki" class="mw-redirect" title="Mushki">Mushki</a> erano attivi nella regione centrale di Hatti. Tiglatpileser li sconfisse vicino al <a href="/wiki/Tigri" title="Tigri">Tigri</a> cancellandoli dalla storia<sup id="cite_ref-G4950_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G4950-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Il passaggio dei Kaska portò alla distruzione della capitale ittita di <a href="/wiki/Hattu%C5%A1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Hattuša">Hattuša</a> mentre centri importanti di <a href="/wiki/Arzawa" title="Arzawa">Arzawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lidia" title="Lidia">Lidia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Alasiya" title="Alasiya">Alasiya</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cipro" title="Cipro">Cipro</a>, nonché le città di <a href="/wiki/Ugarit" title="Ugarit">Ugarit</a> e <a href="/wiki/Alalakh" title="Alalakh">Alalakh</a> vennero distrutte dai cosiddetti <a href="/wiki/Popoli_del_Mare" title="Popoli del Mare">Popoli del Mare</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-G4950_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G4950-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In seguito a questo crollo delle grandi città, attorno alle quali si organizzava il territorio durante l'<a href="/wiki/Et%C3%A0_del_bronzo" title="Età del bronzo">età del bronzo</a>, il panorama dei primordi dell'<a href="/wiki/Et%C3%A0_del_ferro" title="Età del ferro">Età del ferro</a> nell'<a href="/wiki/Alta_Mesopotamia" class="mw-redirect" title="Alta Mesopotamia">Alta Mesopotamia</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> e in <a href="/wiki/Siria_(regione_storica)" title="Siria (regione storica)">Siria</a> si frammentò in insediamenti dispersi e ruralizzati, con la comparsa d'un gran numero di frazioni, villaggi e fattorie.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gli stati siro-ittiti emersero nel processo di tale importante trasformazione del paesaggio, sotto forma di entità regionali, con nuove strutture politiche e culturali. È stato possibile tracciare un legame dinastico tra la dinastia imperiale ittita e i "Grandi Re" e i "Signori delle campagne" di Melid e <a href="/wiki/Karkemish" class="mw-redirect" title="Karkemish">Karkemish</a> della prima età del ferro, dimostrando una continuità ininterrotta tra la tarda età del bronzo e la prima età del ferro in quei siti.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A parte le testimonianze epigrafiche, la continuità culturale ininterrotta degli stati neo-ittiti nella regione, dalla tarda età del bronzo alla prima età del ferro è ulteriormente confermata da recenti scavi archeologici presso il tempio del dio della tempesta nella cittadella di <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e nel <a href="/wiki/Tempio_di_Ain_Dara" title="Tempio di Ain Dara">tempio di Ain Dara</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dove gli edifici della tarda età del bronzo continuarono ad essere in uso senza interruzioni nell'età del ferro, con ripetute ricostruzioni. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sviluppi">Sviluppi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stati_siro-ittiti&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Sviluppi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stati_siro-ittiti&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Sviluppi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tra i secoli XI e IX a.C., una situazione politica internazionale abbastanza fluida e priva di stati egemoni permise ai regni siro-ittiti notevole libertà d'esistenza ma, con il crescere della potenza dell'<a href="/wiki/Impero_neo-assiro" class="mw-redirect" title="Impero neo-assiro">impero neo-assiro</a>, la loro sorte fu segnata. I primi scontri tra i siro-ittiti ed i neo-assiri si registrarono al tempo di <a href="/wiki/Salmanassar_III" title="Salmanassar III">Salmanassar III</a> (regno 859-824 a.C.) la cui avanzata lungo il <a href="/wiki/Tigri" title="Tigri">Tigri</a> spinse vari potentati levantini (neo-ittiti, <a href="/wiki/Israeliti" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeliti">Israeliti</a> e <a href="/wiki/Fenici" title="Fenici">Fenici</a>) a coalizzarsi per fermarlo nella <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Qarqar" title="Battaglia di Qarqar">Battaglia di Qarqar</a> (853 a.C.). </p><p>Un secolo dopo, la vittoria di <a href="/wiki/Tiglatpileser_III" title="Tiglatpileser III">Tiglatpileser III</a> sul regno di <a href="/wiki/Urartu" title="Urartu">Urartu</a> (743 a.C.) spalancò agli Assiri l'area neo-ittita e i singoli Stati dovettero capitolare, ridotti a province assire dallo stesso Tiglatpileser e dai suoi successori <a href="/wiki/Salmanassar_V" title="Salmanassar V">Salmanassar V</a> e <a href="/wiki/Sargon_II" title="Sargon II">Sargon II</a> tra il 740 e il 710 a.C.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Il nome degli Ittiti fu ancora usato per qualche secolo, con un significato diverso: gli Assiri continuarono a chiamare Hatti la Siria settentrionale e poi estesero il nome a tutta la regione siro-palestinese, e nell'<a href="/wiki/Antico_Testamento" title="Antico Testamento">Antico Testamento</a> gli Ittiti figurano come una delle popolazioni che abitavano la <a href="/wiki/Palestina" title="Palestina">Palestina</a> prima della conquista israelitica. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elenco_degli_stati_siro-ittiti">Elenco degli stati siro-ittiti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stati_siro-ittiti&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Elenco degli stati siro-ittiti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stati_siro-ittiti&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Elenco degli stati siro-ittiti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gli stati siro-ittiti sono divisi in due gruppi: un gruppo settentrionale in cui i governanti <a href="/wiki/Ittiti" title="Ittiti">ittiti</a> rimasero al potere e un gruppo meridionale in cui gli <a href="/wiki/Aramei" title="Aramei">aramei</a> presero il potere dal 1000 a.C. circa. Questi stati erano strutture altamente decentralizzate: alcuni sembrano essere stati solo vaghe confederazioni di sotto-regni.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Il gruppo settentrionale comprendeva: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tabal" title="Tabal">Tabal</a>. Tale termine potrebbe riferirsi ad un gruppo di città-stato chiamato <a href="/wiki/Tyana" title="Tyana">Tyanitis/Tianitide</a>, comprendente oltre a Tunna/<a href="/wiki/Tyana" title="Tyana">Tyana</a> anche Hupisna, Shinukhtu e Ishtunda</li> <li>Kammanu con <a href="/wiki/Arslantepe" title="Arslantepe">Arslantepe</a></li> <li>Hilakku</li> <li>Quwê/Que, con una roccaforte nell'odierna <a href="/wiki/Karatepe" title="Karatepe">Karatepe</a></li> <li>Gurgum</li> <li>Kummuh</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karkemi%C5%A1" title="Karkemiš">Karkemiš</a></li></ul> <p>Il gruppo meridionale comprendeva: </p> <ul><li>Palistin la cui capitale era probabilmente Tell Tayinat<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bit Gabbari con Sam'al</li> <li>Bit-Adini con la città di Til Barsip</li> <li>Bit Bahiani con <a href="/wiki/Tell_Halaf" title="Tell Halaf">Guzana</a></li> <li>Pattin (anche Pattina o Unqi) con la città di Kinalua, forse il moderno Tell Tayinat<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempio_di_Ain_Dara" title="Tempio di Ain Dara">Ain Dara</a>, un centro religioso</li> <li>Bit Agusi con le città di Arpad, Nampigi e (più tardi) <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a></li> <li>Hatarikka-Luhuti la cui capitale era a Hatarikka</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama" title="Hama">Hama</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iscrizioni">Iscrizioni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stati_siro-ittiti&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Iscrizioni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stati_siro-ittiti&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Iscrizioni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le iscrizioni monumentali <a href="/wiki/Lingua_luvia" title="Lingua luvia">luvie</a> nei <a href="/wiki/Geroglifico_anatolico" title="Geroglifico anatolico">geroglifici anatolici</a> continuano quasi ininterrottamente dai monumenti imperiali ittiti del XIII secolo a.C. alle iscrizioni siro-ittite della prima età del ferro di Karkemish, Melid, Aleppo e altrove.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I geroglifici luvi furono scelti da molti dei regni regionali siro-ittiti per le loro iscrizioni monumentali, che spesso compaiono in iscrizioni bilingue o trilingue con versioni <a href="/wiki/Lingua_aramaica" title="Lingua aramaica">aramaica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lingua_fenicia" title="Lingua fenicia">fenicia</a> o <a href="/wiki/Lingua_accadica" title="Lingua accadica">accadica</a>. La prima età del ferro nella <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> settentrionale vide anche una graduale diffusione della scrittura alfabetica in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_aramaica" title="Lingua aramaica">aramaico</a> e <a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_fenicio" title="Alfabeto fenicio">fenicio</a>. Durante le interazioni culturali sulla costa levantina della Siro-Palestina e della Siria settentrionale tra il X e l'VIII secolo a.C., Greci e <a href="/wiki/Frigi" title="Frigi">Frigi</a> adottarono la scrittura alfabetica dai Fenici.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stati_siro-ittiti&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stati_siro-ittiti&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Hawkins JD, <span style="font-style:italic;">Neo-Hittite States in Syria and Anatolia</span>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Cambridge Ancient History</span>, vol. 3.1, 2ª ed., 1982, pp. 372-441.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Hawkins JD, <span style="font-style:italic;">The Political Geography of North Syria and South-East Anatolia in the Neo-Assyrian Period</span>, in <a href="/wiki/Mario_Liverani" title="Mario Liverani">Liverani M</a> (a cura di), <span style="font-style:italic;">Neo-Assyrian Geography</span>, <span style="font-style:italic;">Quaderni di Geografia Storica</span>, vol. 5, Università di Roma “La Sapienza” Dipartimento di Scienze storiche, archeologiche e anthropologiche dell’Antichità, 1995, pp. 87-101.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">See Hawkins, John David; 1994. “The end of the Bronze age in Anatolia: new light from recent discoveries,” in <i>Anatolian Iron Ages 3: Proceedings of the Third Anatolian Iron Ages Colloquium</i>, Altan Çilingiroğlu and David H. French (eds.); The British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara Monograph 16: London, 91–94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">C. Mossé (1984). <i>La Grèce archaïcque d'Homère à Eschyle</i>. Editions du Seuil. Paris: p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-G4950-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-G4950_5-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-G4950_5-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFGurney">Gurney</a>, pp. 49-40</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">See Wilkinson, Tony J.; 2003. <i>Archaeological landscapes of the Near East.</i> Tucson: The University of Arizona Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">See "Karkamish" and "Melid" in Hawkins, John David; 2000. <i>Corpus of Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions.</i> (3 vols) De Gruyter: Berlin. Also: Hawkins, John David; 1995b. “Great Kings and Country Lords at Malatya and Karkamis” in <i>Studio Historiae Ardens: Ancient Near Eastern Studies Presented to Philo H.J. Houwink ten Cate</i>, Theo P.J. van den Hout and Johan de Roos (eds.), Istanbul: 75–86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Kohlmeyer, Kay; 2000a. Der Tempel des Wettergottes von Aleppo. Münster: Rhema.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Abū Assaf, Alī; 1990. Der Tempel von ءAin Dārā. Mainz am Rhein: Verlag Philipp von Zabern.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Giusfredi, 2010:57-60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Tübinger Bibelatlas / Tübingen Bible Atlas</i>. Siegfried Mittmann, Götz Schmitt (eds.), Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2001, Map B IV 13-14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFGurney">Gurney</a>, pp. 39-46</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFBryce">Bryce</a>, p. 129</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Potts DT, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zqQofdcZAGoC&pg=PA802"><span style="font-style:italic;">A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East</span></a>, p. 802.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">See the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.utoronto.ca/tap/">Tayinat Website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140527103600/http://www.utoronto.ca/tap/">Archiviato</a> il 27 maggio 2014 in <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>. by the Department of Near & Middle Eastern Civilizations at the University of Toronto</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Hawkins, John David; 1986b. “Writing in Anatolia: imported and indigenous systems,” WA 17: 363-376; Hawkins; 2000. Corpus of Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions. Volume I, Inscriptions of the Iron Age, De Gruyter, pp. 17-23; Giusfredi; Federico; 2010. Sources for a Socio-Economic History of the Neo-Hittie States, Winter Verlag, pp. 37-44; Simon, Zsolt; 2011. Hethitische Topoi in der hieroglyphen-luwischen Historiographie: Bemerkungen zur Frage der Kontinuität, in M. Hutter and S. Hutter-Braunsar, Hethitische Literatur Überlieferungsprozess,Textstrukturen, Ausdrucksformen Und Nachwirken, Ugarit Verlag, pp. 227-244.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Brixhe, C. and M. Lejeune (1984). <i>Corpus des inscriptions paléo-phrygiennes</i>. Paris.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stati_siro-ittiti&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stati_siro-ittiti&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBryce" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Bryce T, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k0dbRu1TOgUC&pg=PA129"><span style="font-style:italic;">The World of The Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History</span></a>.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGurney" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Gurney OR, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924005834191"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Hittites</span></a>, Londra, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 1978.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stati_siro-ittiti&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stati_siro-ittiti&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aram-Damasco" title="Aram-Damasco">Aram-Damasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stele_di_Zakkur" title="Stele di Zakkur">Stele di Zakkur</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stati_siro-ittiti&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stati_siro-ittiti&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Syro-Hittite states"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Syro-Hittite_states?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Syro-Hittite_states?uselang=it">Stati siro-ittiti</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stati_siro-ittiti&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stati_siro-ittiti&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDizionario_di_storia" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/regni-neoittiti_(Dizionario-di-Storia)/"><span style="font-style:italic;">neoittiti, regni</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Dizionario di storia</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>, 2010.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770281#P6404" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hittitemonuments.com"><span style="font-style:italic;">Monumenti neo-ittiti</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">hittitemonuments.com</span>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-grow: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Babylon-ishtar-mod.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vicino Oriente antico"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Babylon-ishtar-mod.jpg/25px-Babylon-ishtar-mod.jpg" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Babylon-ishtar-mod.jpg/38px-Babylon-ishtar-mod.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Babylon-ishtar-mod.jpg/50px-Babylon-ishtar-mod.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="420" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Vicino_Oriente_antico" title="Portale:Vicino Oriente antico">Portale Vicino Oriente antico</a></b>: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di Vicino Oriente antico</div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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