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title="Wikipedia (nl)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoniem"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom-feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Pseudoniem rootpage-Pseudoniem skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Naar inhoud springen</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div 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accesskey="z"><span>Hoofdpagina</span></a></li><li id="n-zoekartikel" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Navigatie"><span>Vind een artikel</span></a></li><li id="n-today" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/24_november"><span>Vandaag</span></a></li><li id="n-Etalage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etalage"><span>Etalage</span></a></li><li id="n-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles"><span>Categorieën</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen" title="Een lijst met recente wijzigingen in deze wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recente wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:NieuwePaginas"><span>Nieuwe artikelen</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Willekeurig" title="Een willekeurige pagina bekijken [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Willekeurige pagina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation2" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation2" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Informatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Gebruikersportaal" title="Informatie over het project: wat u kunt doen, waar u dingen kunt vinden"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-Snelcursus" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Snelcursus"><span>Snelcursus</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Hulp_en_beheer" title="Hulpinformatie over deze wiki"><span>Hulp en contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; 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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Pseudoniem" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Pseudoniem" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Pseudoniem" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Soorten_pseudoniemen_en_verwante_begrippen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soorten_pseudoniemen_en_verwante_begrippen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Soorten pseudoniemen en verwante begrippen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soorten_pseudoniemen_en_verwante_begrippen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Redenen_voor_pseudonimiteit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Redenen_voor_pseudonimiteit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Redenen voor pseudonimiteit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Redenen_voor_pseudonimiteit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Literatuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pseudoniem</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 92 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-92" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">92 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skuilnaam" title="Skuilnaam – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Skuilnaam" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Pseudonym" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonimo" title="Pseudonimo – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Pseudonimo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="اسم مستعار – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اسم مستعار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomatu" title="Nomatu – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nomatu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C9%99x%C9%99ll%C3%BCs" title="Təxəllüs – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Təxəllüs" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Псевдоним – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Псевдоним" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nama_p%C3%A8d%C3%A8ngan" title="Nama pèdèngan – Bataviaans" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Nama pèdèngan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Bataviaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Псевдоним – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Псевдоним" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="ছদ্মনাম – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ছদ্মনাম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="འགྱུར་མིང་། – Tibetaans" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འགྱུར་མིང་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonim" title="Pseudonim – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pseudonim" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseud%C3%B2nim" title="Pseudònim – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pseudònim" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pseudonym" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%8F%D1%82" title="Хушма ят – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хушма ят" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pseudonym" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pseudonym" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A8%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%B4%CF%8E%CE%BD%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%BF" title="Ψευδώνυμο – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ψευδώνυμο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scutm%C3%A2j" title="Scutmâj – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Scutmâj" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pseudonym" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pse%C5%ADdonimo" title="Pseŭdonimo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pseŭdonimo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alias" title="Alias – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alias" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudon%C3%BC%C3%BCm" title="Pseudonüüm – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pseudonüüm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izengoiti" title="Izengoiti – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Izengoiti" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="نام مستعار – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نام مستعار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonyymi" title="Pseudonyymi – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pseudonyymi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonyme" title="Pseudonyme – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pseudonyme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Pseudonym" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonim" title="Pseudonim – Friulisch" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Pseudonim" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sk%C3%BBlnamme" title="Skûlnamme – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Skûlnamme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseud%C3%B3nimo" title="Pseudónimo – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pseudónimo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9D_%D7%A2%D7%98" title="שם עט – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שם עט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="नकलीनाम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नकलीनाम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonim" title="Pseudonim – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pseudonim" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Գրական անուն – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գրական անուն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nama_samaran" title="Nama samaran – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nama samaran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonimo" title="Pseudonimo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pseudonimo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dulnefni" title="Dulnefni – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Dulnefni" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonimo" title="Pseudonimo – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pseudonimo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%81%BD%E5%90%8D" title="偽名 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="偽名" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ფსევდონიმი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფსევდონიმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Бүркеншік ат – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бүркеншік ат" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EB%AA%85" title="가명 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가명" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Псевдоним – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Псевдоним" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonymum" title="Pseudonymum – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pseudonymum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Pseudonym" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudon%C3%B2m" title="Pseudonòm – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Pseudonòm" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slapyvardis" title="Slapyvardis – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Slapyvardis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseidon%C4%ABms" title="Pseidonīms – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pseidonīms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Арьсеф лемсь – Moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Арьсеф лемсь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BB%D3%B1%D0%BC" title="Алмашлӱм – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Алмашлӱм" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namo_samaran" title="Namo samaran – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Namo samaran" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Псевдоним – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Псевдоним" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%83%D1%86_%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Нууц нэр – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нууц нэр" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nama_samaran" title="Nama samaran – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nama samaran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="छद्मनाम – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="छद्मनाम" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pseudonym" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pseudonym" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonim" title="Pseudonim – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pseudonim" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonim" title="Pseudonim – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pseudonim" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stran%C3%B2m" title="Stranòm – Piëmontees" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Stranòm" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piëmontees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81" title="عرف – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="عرف" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseud%C3%B3nimo" title="Pseudónimo – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pseudónimo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonim" title="Pseudonim – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pseudonim" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Псевдоним – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Псевдоним" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseud%C3%B2nimu" title="Pseudònimu – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Pseudònimu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81" title="عرف – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="عرف" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonim" title="Pseudonim – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pseudonim" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%AA_%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BA" title="ආරූඪ නාමය – Singalees" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ආරූඪ නාමය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pseudonym" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pseudonym" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psevdonim" title="Psevdonim – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Psevdonim" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonimi" title="Pseudonimi – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Pseudonimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonim" title="Pseudonim – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Pseudonim" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pseudonym" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakabu" title="Lakabu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lakabu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseud%C5%8Dnim" title="Pseudōnim – Silezisch" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Pseudōnim" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silezisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="புனைபெயர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புனைபெயர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%87" title="นามแฝง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นามแฝง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alyas" title="Alyas – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Alyas" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fka_ad" title="Başka ad – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Başka ad" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Псевдоним – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Псевдоним" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Псевдонім – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Псевдонім" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81" title="عرف – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عرف" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxallus" title="Taxallus – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Taxallus" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonimo" title="Pseudonimo – Venetiaans" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Pseudonimo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%E1%BB%87t_hi%E1%BB%87u" title="Biệt hiệu – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Biệt hiệu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A5s_no" title="Fås no – Waals" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Fås no" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Waals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%90%8D" title="化名 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="化名" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%95%D7%93%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D" title="פסעוודאנים – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פסעוודאנים" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%90%8D" title="化名 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="化名" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%90%8D" title="化名 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="化名" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q61002#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><p>Een <b>pseudoniem</b> (uitspraak: <a href="/wiki/Internationaal_Fonetisch_Alfabet" title="Internationaal Fonetisch Alfabet">[ˌpsœydoˈnim]</a> of <a href="/wiki/Internationaal_Fonetisch_Alfabet" title="Internationaal Fonetisch Alfabet">[ˌpsødoˈnim]</a>; <a href="/wiki/Oudgrieks" title="Oudgrieks">Oudgrieks</a>: <span lang="grc" title="Oudgrieks">ψευδώνυμον</span>, letterlijk "valse naam"), <b>alias</b> (Latijn) of <b>schuilnaam</b> is de aangenomen naam van een of meer personen die duidelijk afwijkt van de corresponderende persoonsnaam of persoonsnamen. Het pseudoniem is een zelfgekozen naam en moet dus worden onderscheiden van een door anderen verleende <i>bijnaam</i> (of eveneens <i>alias</i>), zoals <a href="/wiki/Willem_van_Oranje" title="Willem van Oranje">Willem de Zwijger</a> (Willem van Oranje), en een door anderen gebezigde <i>persoons- of auteursaanduiding</i>, bijvoorbeeld <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">De zwaan van de Avon</a> (Shakespeare). Een pseudoniem wordt veelal aangenomen voor gebruik in de publieke ruimte. Een persoon kan een of meer pseudoniemen aannemen, maar ook kan een groep mensen onder één pseudoniem werken, zoals het wiskundecollectief <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Bourbaki" title="Nicolas Bourbaki">Nicolas Bourbaki</a>. Het pseudoniem bestond al voor de uitvinding van de boekdrukkunst. Sommige artiesten gebruiken een <b>artiestennaam</b>, die erg kan lijken op de geboortenaam, maar soms ook een zeer afwijkende schuilnaam kan zijn. </p><p>Soms verwijst een pseudoniem als <a href="/wiki/Anagram" title="Anagram">anagram</a> of <a href="/wiki/Palindroom" title="Palindroom">palindroom</a> naar de echte naam van de kunstenaar, zoals <a href="/wiki/Marc_Sleen" title="Marc Sleen">Marc Sleen</a> voor Marcel Neels en <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a> voor Arouet l.j. Ook kan het pseudoniem verwijzen naar een hoedanigheid van de persoon, zoals <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Douwes_Dekker" title="Eduard Douwes Dekker">Multatuli</a>, Latijn voor "ik heb veel geleden", een pseudoniem van Eduard Douwes Dekker, of naar een beroep, zoals <a href="/wiki/De_Schoolmeester" title="De Schoolmeester">De Schoolmeester</a> voor Gerrit Jz. van de Linde, die werkzaam was op een kostschool, of <a href="/wiki/Lee_Towers" title="Lee Towers">Lee Towers</a> voor Leen Huijzer, die van beroep torenkraanmonteur was. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Soorten_pseudoniemen_en_verwante_begrippen">Soorten pseudoniemen en verwante begrippen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudoniem&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Soorten pseudoniemen en verwante begrippen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudoniem&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Soorten pseudoniemen en verwante begrippen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Artiesten gebruiken een 'artiestennaam', een naam waaronder zij als artiest bekend zijn. Deze hoeft niet per se af te wijken van de geboortenaam, en kan er een variant op of een deel van zijn. Veel artiesten gebruiken een pseudoniem als artiestennaam. Artiestennamen worden gebruikt in de <a href="/wiki/Kleinkunst" title="Kleinkunst">kleinkunst</a>, het theater, film en televisie, de populaire muziek en de showbusiness. Voorbeelden van artiestennamen zijn <a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe" title="Marilyn Monroe">Marilyn Monroe</a> voor Norma Jean Baker, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_van_Duin" title="André van Duin">André van Duin</a> voor Adrianus Marinus (Adri) Kyvon en <a href="/wiki/Drs._P" title="Drs. P">Drs. P</a> voor Heinz Hermann Polzer. Een schrijverspseudoniem wordt ook wel een <i>nom de plume</i> (letterlijk <i>pennaam</i>) genoemd. Voorbeelden zijn <a href="/wiki/J._Bernlef" title="J. Bernlef">J. Bernlef</a> voor Hendrik Jan Marsman en <a href="/wiki/Nescio" title="Nescio">Nescio</a> voor Jan Hendrik Frederik Grönloh. </p><p>Er bestaan enkele andere begrippen die een zekere betekenisoverlap hebben met de term pseudoniem, maar toch niet snel een "pseudoniem" genoemd zullen worden. Voorbeelden: </p> <ul><li>Een <i>deknaam</i> of <i><a href="/wiki/Codenaam" title="Codenaam">codenaam</a></i> wordt aangenomen door (of toegewezen aan) speurders of <a href="/wiki/Spion" title="Spion">spionnen</a> die zich met het oog op hun geheime missie voordoen als een ander. Informanten van de <a href="/wiki/Stasi" title="Stasi">Stasi</a> van de voormalige <a href="/wiki/Duitse_Democratische_Republiek" title="Duitse Democratische Republiek">DDR</a> kregen een deknaam met daarvoor de letters "IM" voor <i>Inoffizieller Mitarbeiter</i>, onofficiële medewerker, zoals "IM Schubert", de deknaam van <a href="/wiki/Holm_Singer" title="Holm Singer">Holm Singer</a>.</li> <li>Een <i>nom de guerre</i> (Frans: <i>oorlogsnaam</i>) was oorspronkelijk de naam die een strijder in een <a href="/wiki/Oorlog" title="Oorlog">oorlog</a> aannam om daarmee faam te verwerven, maar de term wordt ook ruimer toegepast, bijvoorbeeld voor <a href="/wiki/Polemiek" title="Polemiek">polemisten</a>.</li> <li>Een <i><a href="/wiki/Nickname" title="Nickname">nickname</a></i> is een zelfgekozen naam die de anonimiteit van de gebruiker op internetfora moet waarborgen. Een nickname kan vrij sterk afwijken van een gewone persoonsnaam, bijvoorbeeld omdat er cijfers of symbolen in voorkomen.</li> <li>Als een acteur vaak in een bepaalde rol speelt, kan die rol als pseudoniem worden beschouwd. Voorbeelden zijn <a href="/wiki/Tom_Manders" title="Tom Manders">Tom Manders</a>, die optrad als Dorus, en Leonard Slye, die op het witte doek <a href="/wiki/Roy_Rogers" title="Roy Rogers">Roy Rogers</a> heette.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Redenen_voor_pseudonimiteit">Redenen voor pseudonimiteit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudoniem&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Redenen voor pseudonimiteit" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudoniem&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Redenen voor pseudonimiteit"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:George_Eliot_(1865)_by_Frederick_William_Burton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/George_Eliot_%281865%29_by_Frederick_William_Burton.jpg/260px-George_Eliot_%281865%29_by_Frederick_William_Burton.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="352" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/George_Eliot_%281865%29_by_Frederick_William_Burton.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="369" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Mary Ann Evans, beter bekend onder haar pseudoniem <a href="/wiki/George_Eliot" title="George Eliot">George Eliot</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Er zijn veel verschillende redenen waarom voor een pseudoniem kan worden gekozen, waarom zogeheten <i>pseudonimiteit</i> gewenst wordt geacht: </p> <ul><li>Om de <a href="/wiki/Identiteit_(eigenheid)" title="Identiteit (eigenheid)">persoonlijke identiteit</a> voor verwanten, het publiek of de autoriteiten af te schermen, bijvoorbeeld vanwege censuur, auteursrecht of het clandestiene karakter van het werk. Voor zijn satirische anti-jezuïtische geschriften koos <a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Blaise Pascal</a> de naam A. Dettonville.</li> <li>Voor meer prestige, bijvoorbeeld de <a href="/wiki/Latinisering" title="Latinisering">latinisering</a> van de persoonsnaam, zoals <a href="/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus">Paracelsus</a> voor Von Hohenheim.</li> <li>Uit onzekerheid over de waarde van het eigen werk.</li> <li>Om mogelijke vooroordelen tegen te gaan, zoals vrouwen die een mannennaam aannemen omdat hun werk anders niet naar waarde werd geschat, bijvoorbeeld <a href="/wiki/George_Sand" title="George Sand">George Sand</a> voor Amandine Dupin, Currer Bell voor <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Bront%C3%AB" title="Charlotte Brontë">Charlotte Brontë</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Eliot" title="George Eliot">George Eliot</a> voor Mary Ann Evans en Annie Caroline Pontifex Fernhout-Toorop die schilderde als <a href="/wiki/Charley_Toorop" title="Charley Toorop">Charley Toorop</a> of <a href="/wiki/J.K._Rowling" title="J.K. Rowling">J.K. Rowling</a> die ook schrijft onder de naam Robert Galbraith.</li> <li>Voor het maken van onderscheid tussen ongelijksoortige werkzaamheden, zoals tussen iemands persoonlijke en artistieke of publieke leven, bijvoorbeeld het schrijven van romans naast het bedrijven van wetenschap, bijvoorbeeld de auteur <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Burnier" title="Andreas Burnier">Andreas Burnier</a>, pseudoniem van Catharina Irma Dessaur, die onder eigen naam hoogleraar was.</li> <li>Uit afkeer van de eigen naam, wegens alledaagsheid of belachelijke of hatelijke betekenis of oorsprong, bijvoorbeeld <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_van_Duin" title="André van Duin">André van Duin</a>.</li> <li>Om te verbergen of juist voor te wenden dat men van buitenlandse oorsprong is of tot een etnisch-culturele minderheid behoort. Een buitenlandse achternaam kan reden voor discriminatie of juist modieus interessant zijn. Musici gaven zich uit voor Italianen en migranten passen vaak hun naam aan aan de hoofdtaal in het land van aankomst.</li> <li>Om niet te worden verward met een beroemde naamgenoot, zoals de auteur Hendrik Jan Marsman, die ter onderscheiding van de dichter <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Marsman" title="Hendrik Marsman">Hendrik Marsman</a> de schrijversnaam <a href="/wiki/J._Bernlef" title="J. Bernlef">J. Bernlef</a> koos.</li> <li>Om een familieband te verhullen, zoals de acteur <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Cage" title="Nicolas Cage">Nicolas Cage</a>, die geboren werd als Nicolas Coppola, maar niet wenste te profiteren van zijn beroemde familienaam.</li> <li>Om als <a href="/wiki/Schrijverscollectief" title="Schrijverscollectief">schrijverscollectief</a> onder één naam naar buiten te kunnen treden, bijvoorbeeld <a href="/wiki/Nicci_French" title="Nicci French">Nicci French</a>.</li> <li>Om een extra <a href="/wiki/E-mailadres" class="mw-redirect" title="E-mailadres">e-mailadres</a> te gebruiken naast of in plaats van het eigenlijke e-mailadres. 'Alias' is hiervoor een veelgebruikt jargon-begrip onder internettechnici. Voor het extra adres is er geen eigen mailbox; mail aan het alias-adres wordt meteen automatisch doorgestuurd naar het eigenlijke e-mailadres. Dit wordt bijvoorbeeld toegepast om gemakkelijk verschillende correspondenties in het mail-archief uit elkaar te houden.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudoniem&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudoniem&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alloniem" title="Alloniem">Alloniem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alter_ego" title="Alter ego">Alter ego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anagram" title="Anagram">Anagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijnaam" title="Bijnaam">Bijnaam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geuzennaam" title="Geuzennaam">Geuzennaam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heteroniem" title="Heteroniem">Heteroniem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_pseudoniemen" title="Lijst van pseudoniemen">Lijst van pseudoniemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickname" title="Nickname">Nickname</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatuur">Literatuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudoniem&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Literatuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudoniem&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Literatuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Lemma <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/dela012alge01_01/dela012alge01_01_02663.php">Pseudoniem</a></i> in het <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/dela012alge01_01/">Algemeen Letterkundig Lexicon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Jan_van_Bork" title="Gerrit Jan van Bork">G.J. van Bork</a>, D. Delabastita, H. van Gorp, <a href="/wiki/Piet_Verkruijsse" title="Piet Verkruijsse">P.J. Verkruijsse</a> en G.J. Vis, 2012, geraadpleegd op 22 april 2021.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style><div class="navigatie mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Bibliografische informatie" data-collapsetext="Inklappen" data-expandtext="Uitklappen"><div id="Bibliografische_informatie" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bibliografische_informatie" title="Wikipedia:Bibliografische informatie">Bibliografische informatie</a></div><div class="navigatie-inhoud mw-collapsible-content plainlist ta-left"><ul style="column-width:36em"><li><b><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">Biblioteca Nacional de España</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX526943">XX526943</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119479314">cb119479314</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119479314">(data)</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">Gemeinsame Normdatei</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4047653-4">4047653-4</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">Library of Congress Control Number</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85005416">sh85005416</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Tsjechi%C3%AB" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Tsjechië">Nationale Bibliotheek van Tsjechië</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph941603&CON_LNG=ENG">ph941603</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Isra%C3%ABl" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Israël">Nationale Bibliotheek van Israël</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007294713205171">987007294713205171</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <div class="interProject wiktionary mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/pseudoniem" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/pseudoniem">WikiWoordenboek</a></div><div class="interProjectTemplate"></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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