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</div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">主题</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">哲学</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。62种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A0%E1%88%AD:%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%8D%E1%88%B5%E1%8D%8D%E1%8A%93" title="በር:ፍልስፍና – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="በር:ፍልስፍና" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17580674 badge-featuredportal mw-list-item" title="特色主題"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A9" title="بوابة:فلسفة – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوابة:فلسفة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9:%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A9" title="قيسارية:فلسفة – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="قيسارية:فلسفة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:F%C9%99ls%C9%99f%C9%99" title="Portal:Fəlsəfə – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Portal:Fəlsəfə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%92%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84:%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%87" title="پوْرتال:فلسفه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پوْرتال:فلسفه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Портал:Философия – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Портал:Философия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Партал:Філязофія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Партал:Філязофія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Портал:Философия – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Портал:Философия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0:%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8" title="প্রবেশদ্বার:দর্শন – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রবেশদ্বার:দর্শন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porched:Prederouriezh" title="Porched:Prederouriezh – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Porched:Prederouriezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Filosofia" title="Portal:Filosofia – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Portal:Filosofia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8" title="Ков:Философи – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ков:Философи" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganghaan:Pilosopiya" title="Ganghaan:Pilosopiya – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ganghaan:Pilosopiya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%D9%81%DB%95%D9%84%D8%B3%DB%95%D9%81%DB%95" title="دەروازە:فەلسەفە – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەروازە:فەلسەفە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Filozofie" title="Portál:Filozofie – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Portál:Filozofie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17580674 badge-featuredportal mw-list-item" title="特色主題"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Philosophie" title="Portal:Philosophie – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Portal:Philosophie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Felsefe" title="Portal:Felsefe – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Portal:Felsefe" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%82%DE%AC%DE%83%DE%AA:%DE%8A%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%B0%DE%90%DE%A6%DE%8A%DE%A7" title="ނެރު:ފަލްސަފާ – 迪维希语" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ނެރު:ފަލްސަފާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="迪维希语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Philosophy" title="Portal:Philosophy – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Portal:Philosophy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Filosof%C3%ADa" title="Portal:Filosofía – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Portal:Filosofía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portaal:Filosoofia" title="Portaal:Filosoofia – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Portaal:Filosoofia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87:%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%87" title="درگاه:فلسفه – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="درگاه:فلسفه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teemasivu:Filosofia" title="Teemasivu:Filosofia – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Teemasivu:Filosofia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portail:Philosophie" title="Portail:Philosophie – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Portail:Philosophie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ok%E1%BA%BDndusu:Arandupykuaaty" title="Okẽndusu:Arandupykuaaty – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Okẽndusu:Arandupykuaaty" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%9C:%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%94" title="פורטל:פילוסופיה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פורטל:פילוסופיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0:%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="प्रवेशद्वार:दर्शनशास्त्र – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रवेशद्वार:दर्शनशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Filoz%C3%B3fia" title="Portál:Filozófia – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Portál:Filozófia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Filsafat" title="Portal:Filsafat – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Portal:Filsafat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1tt:Heimspeki" title="Gátt:Heimspeki – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gátt:Heimspeki" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portale:Filosofia" title="Portale:Filosofia – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Portale:Filosofia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:哲学 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Portal:哲学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%ED%84%B8:%EC%B2%A0%ED%95%99" title="포털:철학 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포털:철학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Philosophie" title="Portal:Philosophie – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Portal:Philosophie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikisritis:Filosofija" title="Vikisritis:Filosofija – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vikisritis:Filosofija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Портал:Филозофија – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Портал:Филозофија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Falsafah" title="Portal:Falsafah – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Portal:Falsafah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portaal:Filosofie" title="Portaal:Filosofie – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Portaal:Filosofie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Philosophy" title="Portal:Philosophy – 邦板牙语" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Portal:Philosophy" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="邦板牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Filozofia" title="Portal:Filozofia – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Portal:Filozofia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%87:%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%87" title="تانبه:فلسفه – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تانبه:فلسفه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Filosofia" title="Portal:Filosofia – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Portal:Filosofia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Filozofie" title="Portal:Filozofie – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Portal:Filozofie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Портал:Философия – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Портал:Философия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8:%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%88" title="باب:فلسفو – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="باب:فلسفو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggur:Taflsuft" title="Aggur:Taflsuft – 希尔哈语" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Aggur:Taflsuft" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="希尔哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA:%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="ද්වාරය:දර්ශනය – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ද්වාරය:දර්ශනය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Filozofi" title="Portal:Filozofi – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Portal:Filozofi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Портал:Филозофија – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Портал:Филозофија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Filosofi" title="Portal:Filosofi – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Portal:Filosofi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D:%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="வலைவாசல்:மெய்யியல் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வலைவாசல்:மெய்யியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0" title="Портал:Фалсафа – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Портал:Фалсафа" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2" title="สถานีย่อย:ปรัชญา – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สถานีย่อย:ปรัชญา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Felsefe" title="Portal:Felsefe – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Portal:Felsefe" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D3%99%D0%BB%D1%81%D3%99%D1%84%D3%99" title="Портал:Фәлсәфә – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Портал:Фәлсәфә" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Портал:Філософія – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Портал:Філософія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8:%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%81" title="باب:فلسفہ – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="باب:فلسفہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%95ng_th%C3%B4ng_tin:Tri%E1%BA%BFt_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Cổng thông tin:Triết học – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cổng thông tin:Triết học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist badge-Q17580674 badge-featuredportal mw-list-item" title="优良条目、典范条目、推荐条目、特色列表、特色主題"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A1%E2%B5%A1%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%94:%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%BC%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%93%E2%B4%BC%E2%B5%9C" title="ⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔ:ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵙⵓⴼⵜ – 标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔ:ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵙⵓⴼⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%96%80:%E5%AD%90" title="門:子 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="門:子" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Tiat-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Portal:Tiat-ha̍k – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Portal:Tiat-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="Portal:哲學 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Portal:哲學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3290113#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-portal" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="查看主题页面[c]" accesskey="c"><span>主题</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal_talk:%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" rel="discussion" class="mw-redirect" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" 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class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #033e19; width:3%;">  </td> <td style="border:1px solid #033e19; border-right-width:2px; background-color:#d1ede1; border-bottom:none; line-height:2em; text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:哲学"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Phi_lc.svg/14px-Phi_lc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Phi_lc.svg/21px-Phi_lc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Phi_lc.svg/28px-Phi_lc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="867" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">主頁</a> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #033e19; width:1%;">  </td> <td style="border:1px solid #033e19; border-right-width:2px; background-color:#7bc5ae; line-height:2em; text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8/%E5%84%AA%E8%B3%AA%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Portal:哲學/優質條目"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/14px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/21px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/28px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8/%E5%84%AA%E8%B3%AA%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Portal:哲學/優質條目">優質條目</a> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #033e19; width:1%;">  </td> <td style="border:1px solid #033e19; border-right-width:2px; background-color:#7bc5ae; line-height:2em; text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="WikiProject:哲学"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Exquisite-kwrite.png/14px-Exquisite-kwrite.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Exquisite-kwrite.png/21px-Exquisite-kwrite.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Exquisite-kwrite.png/28px-Exquisite-kwrite.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="WikiProject:哲学">編寫計劃</a> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #033e19; width:1%;">  </td> <td style="border:1px solid #033e19; border-right-width:2px; background-color:#7bc5ae; line-height:2em; text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6/%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1" title="WikiProject:哲学/任务"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Tools-hammer.svg/14px-Tools-hammer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Tools-hammer.svg/21px-Tools-hammer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Tools-hammer.svg/28px-Tools-hammer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6/%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1" title="WikiProject:哲学/任务">编写任务</a> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #033e19; width:1%;">  </td> <td style="border:1px solid #033e19; border-right-width:2px; background-color:#7bc5ae; line-height:2em; text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/WikiProject_talk:%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="WikiProject talk:哲学"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Check_mark.svg/14px-Check_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Check_mark.svg/21px-Check_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Check_mark.svg/28px-Check_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="28" data-file-height="28" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/WikiProject_talk:%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="WikiProject talk:哲学">熱烈討論</a> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #033e19; width:3%;">  </td></tr></tbody></table><div style="background-color:#d1ede1; border:2px solid #033e19; border-left-width:1px; border-top:none; padding:1em 2ex;"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_-_Ionic_(PSF).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Order_-_Ionic_%28PSF%29.png/300px-Order_-_Ionic_%28PSF%29.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Order_-_Ionic_%28PSF%29.png/450px-Order_-_Ionic_%28PSF%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Order_-_Ionic_%28PSF%29.png/600px-Order_-_Ionic_%28PSF%29.png 2x" data-file-width="947" data-file-height="1006" /></a><figcaption> </figcaption></figure> <p> <br /> </p> <div style="font-family:PMingLiU; font-size:300%; color:#696969; padding:20px;">哲學主題</div> <div style="color:#696969; font-size:120%; font-family:DFKai-SB; padding:10px;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209892">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{margin-top:0;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite cite{font-size:small}</style> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>密涅瓦的猫头鹰在黄昏起飞。</p><div class="templatequotecite"><cite>——<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%A0%BC%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="黑格爾">黑格爾</a></cite></div></blockquote> </div><div style="color:#696969; padding:20px;"> <p>歡迎來到哲學主題！<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="哲學">哲學</a>是一門聽者爲之肅然起敬的學科，也是滲入生活各個角落的智慧。作爲學科，它研究<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E9%AB%94%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="本體論">存在</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E8%AD%98%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="認識論">知識</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="倫理學">價值</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="理性主義">理性</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E9%9D%88%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="心靈哲學">心靈</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="語言哲學">語言</a>等等；作爲智慧，它人人能參與，人人能創造。 </p><p>哲學的具體門類繁多，劃分方法也不一，但本專題會盡力展現哲學的總覽與粗略分類，讓您站在人類智慧的巔峰概觀這門愛智之學。我們還會舉例一二優質條目，給您欣賞維基人的得意之作。另外，誠邀請您一齊維護建設哲學專題及其諸多條目。祝您在這兒玩得開心！ </p> </div></div> <table id="mp-upper" style="width: 100%; margin:6px 0 0 0; background:none; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="哲学主题背景" style="width:60%; border:1px solid #7bc5ae; background:#e6f6ef; vertical-align:top; color:#000;"> <table id="mp-right" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; background:#e6f6ef;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="padding:2px"><h2 id="哲学研究什么？编" id="mp-itn-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#7bc5ae; font-size:120%; font-family:PMingLiU;border:1px solid #028c6a; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span id=".E5.93.B2.E5.AD.A6.E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6.E4.BB.80.E4.B9.88.EF.BC.9F.E7.BC.96"></span>哲学研究什么？<small><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1" title="Portal:哲学/研究对象">编</a></small></h2> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:#000;"><div id="mp-tfa" style="padding:2px 5px"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8" title="形上學">形上學</a>：主要研究<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA" title="人">人</a>的存在、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="抽象實體" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="abstract entity"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%BD%E8%B1%A1%E5%AE%9E%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="抽象实体">抽象實體</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/abstract_entity" class="extiw" title="en:abstract entity"><span lang="en" dir="auto">abstract entity</span></a></span>）</span></span>、真與假、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E6%9E%9C%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="因果性">因果性</a>、必然與可能、<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97" title="自由意志">自由意志</a>與決定論、神、物理事物的本質、<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E9%96%93" class="mw-redirect" title="時間">時間</a>、顔色、數字等。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E9%AB%94%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="本體論">本體論</a>：提出這樣的問題，即什么東西<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8" title="存在">存在</a>？存在是什麽？</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="知識論">知識論</a>：它關切，知識的本質及其與<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E7%90%86" title="真理">真理</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E5%BF%B5" title="信念">信念</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A4%E6%96%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="判断">判斷</a>等之閒的關係，研究<a href="/wiki/%E6%87%B7%E7%96%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="懷疑主義">懷疑主義</a>、認知範圍、知識的標準等。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%83%B9%E5%80%BC%E8%AB%96" title="價值論">价值论</a>：包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="美学">美学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="伦理学">伦理学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="政治哲学">政治哲学</a>等等。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="逻辑学">逻辑学</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="科学哲学">科学哲学</a>等。</li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="哲学主题背景" style="width:40%; border:1px solid #7bc5ae; background:#e6f6ef; vertical-align:top;"> <table id="mp-right" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; background:#e6f6ef;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="padding:2px"><h2 id="你知道吗" id="mp-itn-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#7bc5ae; font-size:120%;font-family:PMingLiU; border:1px solid #028c6a; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span id=".E4.BD.A0.E7.9F.A5.E9.81.93.E5.90.97"></span>你知道吗</h2> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:#000;padding:2px 5px"><div id="mp-itn"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="保守主義">保守主義</a></b>的涵義和歷史發展為何？</li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF" title="托马斯·霍布斯">誰</a></b>是近代<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="政治哲學">政治哲學</a>的先驅？</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hans-Hermann-Hoppe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Hans-Hermann-Hoppe.jpg/80px-Hans-Hermann-Hoppe.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Hans-Hermann-Hoppe.jpg/120px-Hans-Hermann-Hoppe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Hans-Hermann-Hoppe.jpg/160px-Hans-Hermann-Hoppe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>當代最知名的<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E8%B3%87%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="無政府資本主義">無政府資本主義者</a><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%96%AF-%E8%B5%AB%E7%88%BE%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E6%99%AE" title="漢斯-赫爾曼·霍普">是誰</a></b>？</li></ul> <ul><li>分析人口資料要注意<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%80%E7%BE%A4%E8%AC%AC%E8%AA%A4" title="區群謬誤">什麼</a></b>？</li></ul> <ul><li>有誰想過<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E4%BC%AF%E6%96%AF%E4%BD%AF%E8%AC%AC" title="奧伯斯佯謬">夜空為什麼是漆黑的</a></b>？</li></ul> <div align="right" style="font-size:small;"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8/%E4%BD%A0%E7%9F%A5%E9%81%93%E5%97%8E/%E5%AD%98%E6%AA%94" title="Portal:哲學/你知道嗎/存檔">存檔</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%B0%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:如何创建新页面">創建新條目</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E6%96%B0%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Special:最新页面">更多新條目...</a></b> </p> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><table id="mp-upper" style="width: 60%; margin:6px 0 0 0; background:none; border-spacing: 0px;float:left;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="哲学主题背景" style="width:60%; border:1px solid #7bc5ae; background:#eefbf5; vertical-align:top; color:#000;"> <table id="mp-left" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; background:#eefbf5;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="padding:2px"><h2 id="哲學分支_編" id="mp-itn-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#7bc5ae; font-size:120%; border:1px solid #7bc5ae; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span id=".E5.93.B2.E5.AD.B8.E5.88.86.E6.94.AF_.E7.B7.A8"></span>哲學分支 <small><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF" title="Portal:哲学/哲學分支">編</a></small></h2> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:#000;padding:2px 5px"><div id="mp-itn"><div style="text-align:center;"> <div style="font-size:200%;font-family:PMingLiU;text-align:center;color:#696969;"> <p>按地域划分 </p> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col"> <div style="font-size:130%;font-family:PMingLiU;color:#003e19;"> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="东方哲学">东方哲学</a> </p> </div> <div style="color:#003e19;"> <pre> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="中国哲学">中国哲学</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="日本哲學">日本哲学</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="印度哲学">印度哲学</a> <span class="ilh-all ilh-blue" data-orig-title="佛教哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Buddhist philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="佛教哲学">佛教哲学</a></span></span> </pre> </div> <div style="font-size:130%;font-family:PMingLiU;color:#003e19;"> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="伊斯兰哲学">伊斯兰哲学</a> </p> </div> <div style="font-size:130%;font-family:PMingLiU;color:#003e19;"> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="猶太教哲學">犹太教哲学</a> </p> </div> <div style="font-size:130%;font-family:PMingLiU;color:#003e19;"> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="非洲哲学">非洲哲学</a> </p> </div> <div style="font-size:130%;font-family:PMingLiU;color:#003e19;"> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="西方哲学">西方哲学</a> </p> </div> <div style="color:#003e19;"> <pre> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="古典哲学">古典哲学</a> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="中世紀哲學">中世纪哲学</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E5%A4%8D%E5%85%B4%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="文艺复兴时期哲学">文艺复兴时期哲学</a> <a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="近代哲學">近代哲学</a> <a href="/wiki/19%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="19世纪哲学">19世纪哲学</a> <a href="/wiki/20%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="20世纪哲学">20世纪哲学</a> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="西方哲学史">西方哲学史</a> </pre> </div> </div> <div style="font-size:200%;font-family:PMingLiU;text-align:center;color:#696969;"> <p>按<span class="ilh-all ilh-blue" data-orig-title="哲學大綱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of Philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%A4%A7%E7%B6%B1" title="哲學大綱">領域</a></span></span>划分 </p> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79074265"><div class="div-col" style="column-count:3; column-width:auto;"> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="美学">美学</a> <small><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美學大綱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of aesthetics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%B8%E5%A4%A7%E7%B6%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美學大綱（页面不存在）">大綱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_aesthetics" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of aesthetics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of aesthetics</span></a></span>）</span></span></small> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="應用哲學（页面不存在）">應用哲學</a> </p> <pre> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="经济哲学">经济哲学</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="教育哲學">教育哲學</a> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="工程哲學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Philosophy of engineering"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="工程哲學（页面不存在）">工程哲學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_engineering" class="extiw" title="en:Philosophy of engineering"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Philosophy of engineering</span></a></span>）</span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="历史哲学">历史哲学</a> <a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="语言哲学">语言哲学</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="法律哲学">法律哲学</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="数学哲学">数学哲学</a> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="音樂哲學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Philosophy of music"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="音乐哲学">音樂哲學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_music" class="extiw" title="en:Philosophy of music"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Philosophy of music</span></a></span>）</span></span> <span class="ilh-all ilh-blue" data-orig-title="心理學哲學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Philosophy of psychology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="心理學哲學">心理學哲學</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教哲学">宗教哲学</a>  <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="科学哲学">科学哲学</a> （<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="生物學哲學">生物學哲學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="化学哲学">化学哲学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="物理哲学">物理哲学</a>） <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="社會科學哲學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Philosophy of social science"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社會科學哲學（页面不存在）">社會科學哲學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_social_science" class="extiw" title="en:Philosophy of social science"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Philosophy of social science</span></a></span>）</span></span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="技術哲學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Philosophy of technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="技术哲学">技術哲學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Philosophy of technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Philosophy of technology</span></a></span>）</span></span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="系統哲學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Systems philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="系統哲學（页面不存在）">系統哲學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Systems philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Systems philosophy</span></a></span>）</span></span> </pre> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="知识论">知识论</a> <small><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="知識論大綱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of epistemology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98%E8%AB%96%E5%A4%A7%E7%B6%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="知識論大綱（页面不存在）">大綱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_epistemology" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of epistemology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of epistemology</span></a></span>）</span></span></small> </p> <pre> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="正當性理論" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Theory of justification"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%A3%E7%95%B6%E6%80%A7%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="正當性理論（页面不存在）">正當性理論</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_justification" class="extiw" title="en:Theory of justification"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Theory of justification</span></a></span>）</span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%AC%AC%E8%AA%A4%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="謬誤列表">謬誤列表</a> </pre> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="伦理学">伦理学</a> <small><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="倫理學大綱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of ethics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%A4%A7%E7%B6%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="倫理學大綱（页面不存在）">大綱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_ethics" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of ethics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of ethics</span></a></span>）</span></span></small> </p> <pre> <a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="應用倫理學">應用倫理學</a> （<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E6%AC%8A%E5%88%A9" title="動物權利">動物權利</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="生物倫理學">生物倫理學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86" title="環境倫理">環境倫理</a>） <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="元伦理学">元伦理学</a> <span class="ilh-all ilh-blue" data-orig-title="道德哲學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Moral psychology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="道德哲學">道德哲學</a></span></span>, <a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B0%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="描述倫理學">描述倫理學</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E5%83%B9%E5%80%BC%E8%A7%80" title="價值觀">價值觀</a> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%8F%E7%AF%84%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="規範倫理學">規範倫理學</a>  （<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%80%A7%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="德性倫理學">德性倫理學</a>） </pre> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91" title="逻辑">逻辑</a> <small><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="邏輯大綱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of logic"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%82%8F%E8%BC%AF%E5%A4%A7%E7%B6%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="邏輯大綱（页面不存在）">大綱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_logic" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of logic"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of logic</span></a></span>）</span></span></small> </p> <pre> <a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E7%90%86%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91" title="数理逻辑">数理逻辑</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91" title="哲学逻辑">哲学逻辑</a> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%AC%E8%AF%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="谬误">谬误</a> </pre> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="元哲学">元哲学</a> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8" title="形上學">形上學</a> <small><span class="ilh-all ilh-blue" data-orig-title="形上學大綱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of metaphysics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8%E5%A4%A7%E7%B6%B1" title="形上學大綱">大綱</a></span></span></small> </p> <pre> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="行動 (哲學)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Action (philosophy)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95_(%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="行動 (哲學)（页面不存在）">行動哲學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_(philosophy)" class="extiw" title="en:Action (philosophy)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Action (philosophy)</span></a></span>）</span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BA%E5%AE%9A%E8%AB%96" title="決定論">決定論</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97" title="自由意志">自由意志</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%93%E8%AE%BA_(%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6)" title="本体论 (哲学)">本體論</a>  <a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%81%B5%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="心灵哲学">心灵哲学</a> （<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="痛苦 (哲學)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pain (philosophy)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%97%9B%E8%8B%A6_(%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="痛苦 (哲學)（页面不存在）">痛苦哲學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain_(philosophy)" class="extiw" title="en:Pain (philosophy)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pain (philosophy)</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="人工智能哲學">人工智能哲學</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="感知哲學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Philosophy of perception"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%9F%E7%9F%A5%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="感知哲學（页面不存在）">感知哲學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_perception" class="extiw" title="en:Philosophy of perception"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Philosophy of perception</span></a></span>）</span></span>） <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="時空哲學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Philosophy of space and time"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E7%A9%BA%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="时空哲学">時空哲學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_space_and_time" class="extiw" title="en:Philosophy of space and time"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Philosophy of space and time</span></a></span>）</span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96" title="目的論">目的論</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="有神论">有神论</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="无神论">无神论</a> </pre> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="社会哲学">社会哲学</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="政治哲学">政治哲学</a> </p> <pre> <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="无政府主义">无政府主义</a> <small><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="無政府主義大綱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of anarchism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%84%A1%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E7%B6%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="無政府主義大綱（页面不存在）">大綱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of anarchism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of anarchism</span></a></span>）</span></span></small> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="女性主义哲学">女性主义哲学</a> <a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-disambig" title="自由意志主義">自由意志主義</a> <small><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自由意志主義大綱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of libertarianism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E7%B6%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自由意志主義大綱（页面不存在）">大綱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_libertarianism" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of libertarianism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of libertarianism</span></a></span>）</span></span></small> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="马克思主义">马克思主义</a> </pre> </div> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <p 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href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="历史哲学">历史</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="哲學人類學">人性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="语言哲学">语言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%8E%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="哲学与文学">文学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="文化哲學">文化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="教育哲學">教育</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%94%9F%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="人生哲学">人生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教哲学">宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%AD%A6" title="宇宙学">宇宙学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%93%E8%AE%BA_(%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6)" title="本体论 (哲学)">存在</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="元哲学">哲学</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%81%B5%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="心灵哲学">精神</a></b> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="痛苦（哲学）" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pain (philosophy)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%97%9B%E8%8B%A6%EF%BC%88%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="痛苦（哲学）（页面不存在）">痛苦</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain_(philosophy)" class="extiw" title="en:Pain (philosophy)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pain (philosophy)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BD%E9%BB%98%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="幽默理論">幽默</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="心理学哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Philosophy of psychology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="心理學哲學">心理学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_psychology" class="extiw" title="en:Philosophy of psychology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Philosophy of psychology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="神经哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Neurophilosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="神经哲学（页面不存在）">神经哲学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurophilosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Neurophilosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Neurophilosophy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="行動理論">行动</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="数学哲学">数学</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="人工智能哲學">人工智能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="資訊哲學">信息</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E7%A9%BA%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="时空哲学">时空</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="科学哲学">科学</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="物理哲学">物理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="化学哲学">化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="生物學哲學">生物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="地理哲學">地理</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="環境哲學">环境</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="技术哲学">技术</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="工程学哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Philosophy of engineering"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="工程学哲学（页面不存在）">工程</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_engineering" class="extiw" title="en:Philosophy of engineering"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Philosophy of engineering</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="医学哲学（页面不存在）">医学哲学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E7%99%82%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="醫療衛生哲學">醫療衛生哲學</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="性哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Philosophy of sex"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%80%A7%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="性哲学（页面不存在）">性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_sex" class="extiw" title="en:Philosophy of sex"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Philosophy of sex</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="社会科学的哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Philosophy of social science"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社会科学的哲学（页面不存在）">社会科学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_social_science" class="extiw" title="en:Philosophy of social science"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Philosophy of social science</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%8E%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="哲学与经济学">经济</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9" title="正義">公正</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="法律哲学">法律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="政治哲学">政治</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="社会哲学">社会</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="戰爭哲學">战争</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FFD699;"><div id="哲学学派" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哲学体系列表（页面不存在）">哲学学派</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FFE5BE; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2" title="哲學史">哲學史</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="西方哲学">西方</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="古典哲学">古典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="中世紀哲學">中世纪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E5%A4%8D%E5%85%B4%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="文艺复兴时期哲学">文艺复兴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="近代哲學">近代</a><small>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="巴洛克时期哲学">巴洛克时期</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%95%9F%E8%92%99%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="啟蒙時代">啟蒙時代</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/19%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="19世纪哲学">19世紀</a>）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2#当代哲学" title="西方哲学史">当代</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="東方哲學">东方</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FFE5BE; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="古典哲学">古典</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFF1DD; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="中国哲学">中国</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6" title="儒家">儒家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%B6" title="法家">法家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E5%AE%B6" title="名家">名家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E5%AE%B6" title="墨家">墨家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%99%89%E7%8E%84%E5%AD%B8" title="魏晉玄學">魏晉玄學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%AE%B6" title="道家">道家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E6%9C%B1%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%B4" title="杨朱学说">杨朱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%85%E5%AE%97" title="禅宗">禅宗</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFF1DD; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="古希腊哲学">希腊-</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E5%8C%96%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="希臘化哲學">希臘化哲學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%BA%95%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="前苏格拉底哲学">前苏格拉底</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E8%BE%BE%E5%93%A5%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="毕达哥拉斯主义">毕达哥拉斯主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E8%BE%A9%E5%AE%B6" title="智辩家">诡辩学派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%8B%89%E5%9B%BE%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="柏拉图主义">柏拉图主义</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="亞里斯多德主義">亞里斯多德主義</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%8D%E9%81%99%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="逍遙學派">逍遙學派</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%AC%E5%84%92%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="犬儒學派">犬儒學派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%AF%94%E9%B3%A9%E9%AD%AF%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="伊比鳩魯學派">伊比鳩魯學派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%9A%E8%91%9B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="斯多葛主義">斯多亞學派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%9F%8F%E6%8B%89%E5%9B%BE%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="新柏拉图主义">新柏拉图主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E9%87%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="解釋學">解釋學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFF1DD; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="印度哲学">印度</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="佛教哲学">佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%BA%E4%B8%96%E8%AE%BA" title="顺世论">顺世论</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="印度教哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hindu philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度教哲学（页面不存在）">印度教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Hindu philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hindu philosophy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="耆那教哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jain philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%86%E9%82%A3%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耆那教哲学（页面不存在）">耆那教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jain_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Jain philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jain philosophy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFF1DD; text-align: center;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊朗哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Iranian philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊朗哲学（页面不存在）">波斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Iranian philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Iranian philosophy</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E5%85%B9%E8%BE%BE%E5%85%8B" title="玛兹达克">玛兹达克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%90%E7%BD%97%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="琐罗亚斯德教">祆教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%B0%94%E5%AE%9B" title="祖尔宛">楚尔凡教义</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FFE5BE; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="中世紀哲學">中世紀</a> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">9 – 16<br />世纪</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFF1DD; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="基督教哲学">基督</a>欧洲</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E9%99%A2%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="经院哲学">经院哲学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="文藝復興人文主義">人文主义</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="托马斯主义">托马斯主义</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A5%8E%E9%82%A3" title="托马斯·阿奎那">阿奎那</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFF1DD; text-align: center;">东亚</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%98%8E%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="宋明理學">宋明理學</a><small>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E6%9C%B1%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="程朱理学">程朱理学</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E5%AD%B8" title="心學">陆王心学</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E5%98%89%E5%AD%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="永嘉学派">永嘉学派</a>）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E5%84%92%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="韓國儒學">韓國儒學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%9C%B1%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%A6" title="日本朱子学">日本朱子学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFF1DD; text-align: center;">印度</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="新逻辑学派 (印度哲学)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Navya-Nyāya"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91%E5%AD%A6%E6%B4%BE_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新逻辑学派 (印度哲学)（页面不存在）">新逻辑学派 (印度哲学)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navya-Ny%C4%81ya" class="extiw" title="en:Navya-Nyāya"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Navya-Nyāya</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="有保留的非二元论 (印度哲学)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vishishtadvaita"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E4%BF%9D%E7%95%99%E7%9A%84%E9%9D%9E%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%83%E8%AE%BA_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有保留的非二元论 (印度哲学)（页面不存在）">有保留的非二元论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" class="extiw" title="en:Vishishtadvaita"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vishishtadvaita</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="二元论 (印度哲学)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dvaita"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%83%E8%AE%BA_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="二元论 (印度哲学)（页面不存在）">二元论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvaita" class="extiw" title="en:Dvaita"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dvaita</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFF1DD; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="伊斯兰哲学">伊斯兰</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿威罗伊主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Averroism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%A8%81%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%8A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿威罗伊主义（页面不存在）">阿威罗伊主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Averroism" class="extiw" title="en:Averroism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Averroism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E9%82%A3#哲学思想" title="伊本·西那">阿维森纳</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="照明主义哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Illuminationism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%85%A7%E6%98%8E%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="照明主义哲学（页面不存在）">照明主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illuminationism" class="extiw" title="en:Illuminationism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Illuminationism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E4%B9%89%E5%AD%A6" title="伊斯兰教义学">伊斯兰教义学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="苏菲主义哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sufi philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E8%8F%B2%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏菲主义哲学（页面不存在）">苏菲主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufi_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Sufi philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sufi philosophy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFF1DD; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="猶太教哲學">犹太教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太-伊斯兰哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Judeo-Islamic philosophies (800–1400)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA-%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太-伊斯兰哲学（页面不存在）">犹太-伊斯兰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judeo-Islamic_philosophies_(800%E2%80%931400)" class="extiw" title="en:Judeo-Islamic philosophies (800–1400)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Judeo-Islamic philosophies (800–1400)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FFE5BE; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="近代哲學">近代</a> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">17 – 19<br />世纪</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFF1DD; text-align: center;"><b>人物</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="新托马斯主义">新托马斯主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%9B%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="笛卡尔主义">笛卡尔主义</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="康德主义">康德主义</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%BA%B7%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="新康德主义">新康德主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="黑格尔主义">黑格尔主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="马克思主义哲学">马克思主义哲学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFF1DD; text-align: center;">唯物-唯心</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%A9%E8%AF%81%E5%94%AF%E7%89%A9%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="辩证唯物主义">辩证唯物主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E5%BF%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="唯心主義">唯心主義</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="绝对唯心论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Absolute idealism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%9D%E5%AF%B9%E5%94%AF%E5%BF%83%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="绝对唯心论（页面不存在）">绝对唯心论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_idealism" class="extiw" title="en:Absolute idealism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Absolute idealism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="理性主义">理性主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E9%AA%8C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="经验主义">经验主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9F%E5%88%A9%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="功利主義">效益主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="实用主义">实用主义</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFF1DD; text-align: center;">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="古典自由主义">自由主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="无政府主义">无政府主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="現代主義">現代主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%B8" title="現象學">現象學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%AA%8C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="超验主义">超验主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="存在主义">存在主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%8B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="日本國學">日本國學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6" title="新儒家">新儒家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%82%E9%9D%9C%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="寂靜主義">寂静主义</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="改革宗知识论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Reformed epistemology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E5%AE%97%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="改革宗知识论（页面不存在）">改革宗知识论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformed_epistemology" class="extiw" title="en:Reformed epistemology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Reformed epistemology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FFE5BE; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="西方哲学史">当代</a> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">20 – 21<br />世纪</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFF1DD; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="分析哲學">分析</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="分析女性主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Analytical feminism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="分析女性主义（页面不存在）">分析女性主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytical_feminism" class="extiw" title="en:Analytical feminism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Analytical feminism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="分析马克思主义">分析马克思主义</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="后分析哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Postanalytic philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="后分析哲学（页面不存在）">后分析哲学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postanalytic_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Postanalytic philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Postanalytic philosophy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="结果论">结果论</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9F%E5%88%A9%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="功利主義">功利主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%89%E5%8A%A1%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="义务伦理学">道义论</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF" title="约翰·罗尔斯">罗尔斯主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%80%A7%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="德性倫理學">德性倫理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="實驗哲學">實驗哲學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="内在主义与外在主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Internalism and externalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%85%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%B8%8E%E5%A4%96%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="内在主义与外在主义（页面不存在）">内在主义与外在主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internalism_and_externalism" class="extiw" title="en:Internalism and externalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Internalism and externalism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81%E4%BC%AA%E6%80%A7" title="可证伪性">证伪主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="基础主义">基础主义</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E7%90%86%E8%9E%8D%E8%B4%AF%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="真理融贯论">真理融贯论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7%E7%BB%B4%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E7%89%B9%E6%A0%B9%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="路德维希·维特根斯坦">维特根斯坦</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91%E5%AE%9E%E8%AF%81%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="逻辑实证主义">逻辑实证主义</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%9F%E7%BA%B3%E5%AD%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="维也纳学派">维也纳学派</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%B8%B8%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="日常語言哲學">日常語言哲學</a>-<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自然主义知识论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Naturalized epistemology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自然主义知识论（页面不存在）">蒯因的自然主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalized_epistemology" class="extiw" title="en:Naturalized epistemology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Naturalized epistemology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="科学主义">科学主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%9E%E8%AF%81%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="法律实证主义">法律实证主义</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFF1DD; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E9%99%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="歐陸哲學">欧陆</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="新馬克思主義">新馬克思主義</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="西方马克思主义">西方马克思主义</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="後馬克思主義">後馬克思主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="黑格尔主义">黑格尔主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="批判理論">批判理論</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="法蘭克福學派">法蘭克福學派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="結構主義">結構主義</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="後結構主義">後結構主義</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%A7%8B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="解構主義">解構主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%B8" title="現象學">現象學</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="存在主义">存在主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E9%87%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="解釋學">解釋學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="符號學">符號學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="女性主義">女性主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%A6" title="精神分析学">精神分析学</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%B2%A1" title="雅各·拉岡">拉康主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="后殖民主义">后殖民主义</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="后现代主义哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Postmodern philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8E%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="后现代主义哲学（页面不存在）">后现代主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postmodern_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Postmodern philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Postmodern philosophy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%BB%BA%E6%9E%84%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="社会建构主义">社会建构主义</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFF1DD; text-align: center;">非西方</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="京都學派">京都學派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="俄罗斯宇宙主义">俄国宇宙主义</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哲学体系列表（页面不存在）">更多</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FFD699;"><div id="领域" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">领域</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFE5BE; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8" title="形上學">形上學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E8%AB%96" title="原子論">原子論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%83%E8%AB%96" title="二元論">二元論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%85%83%E8%AE%BA" title="一元论">一元论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="形而上自然主義">自然主义</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFE5BE; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%93%E8%AE%BA_(%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6)" title="本体论 (哲学)">本体论</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="行動理論">行动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6_(%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6)" title="事件 (哲学)">事件</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="过程哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Process philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="过程哲学（页面不存在）">过程哲学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Process philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Process philosophy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFE5BE; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E5%AF%A6" title="現實">現實</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="反实在论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Anti-realism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%AE%9E%E5%9C%A8%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反实在论（页面不存在）">反实在论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-realism" class="extiw" title="en:Anti-realism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Anti-realism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5%E8%AB%96" title="概念論">概念論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E5%BF%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="唯心主義">唯心主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E7%89%A9%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="唯物主义">唯物主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="自然主义">自然主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E5%90%8D%E8%AB%96" title="唯名論">唯名論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E5%9C%A8%E8%AB%96" title="實在論">實在論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="自然神论">自然神论</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFE5BE; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%86%E8%AE%BA" title="认识论">认识论</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="理性主义">理性主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E5%BF%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E8%AA%8D%E8%AD%98%E8%AB%96" title="唯心主義認識論">唯心主義認識論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E9%AA%8C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="经验主义">经验主义</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="建构主义知识论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Constructivist epistemology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%BA%E6%9E%84%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="建构主义知识论（页面不存在）">建构主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructivist_epistemology" class="extiw" title="en:Constructivist epistemology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Constructivist epistemology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="特殊主义知识论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Epistemological particularism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="特殊主义知识论（页面不存在）">特殊主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistemological_particularism" class="extiw" title="en:Epistemological particularism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Epistemological particularism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="怀疑主义哲学#知识论和怀疑主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Philosophical skepticism#Epistemology and skepticism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%80%80%E7%96%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="怀疑主义哲学（页面不存在）">怀疑论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_skepticism#Epistemology_and_skepticism" class="extiw" title="en:Philosophical skepticism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Philosophical skepticism#Epistemology and skepticism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E6%88%91%E8%AB%96" title="唯我論">唯我論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="信仰主義">信仰主義</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFE5BE; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%81%B5%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="心灵哲学">精神</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-disambig" title="行为主义">行为主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%96%E6%B6%88%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="取消主义">取消主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E7%8E%B0%E8%B1%A1%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="副现象主义">副现象主义</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="机能主义(精神哲学)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Functionalism (philosophy of mind)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%BA%E8%83%BD%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89(%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="机能主义(精神哲学)（页面不存在）">机能主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functionalism_(philosophy_of_mind)" class="extiw" title="en:Functionalism (philosophy of mind)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Functionalism (philosophy of mind)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E8%A7%80%E6%80%A7" title="客觀性">客观主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E8%A7%80%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="主觀主義">主觀主義</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFE5BE; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="伦理学">伦理学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="结果论">结果论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%89%E5%8A%A1%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="义务伦理学">义务伦理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%80%A7%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="德性倫理學">德性倫理學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFE5BE; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97" title="自由意志">自由意志</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E5%AE%B9%E8%AE%BA" title="相容论">相容论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BA%E5%AE%9A%E8%AB%96" title="決定論">決定論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89_(%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%A6)" title="自由意志主义 (形而上学)">自由意志主义</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFE5BE; text-align: center;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="道德规范性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Norm (philosophy)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="道德规范性（页面不存在）">规范性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norm_(philosophy)" class="extiw" title="en:Norm (philosophy)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Norm (philosophy)</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E7%BB%9D%E5%AF%B9%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="道德绝对主义">绝对主义</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="道德特殊主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Moral particularism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="道德特殊主义（页面不存在）">特殊主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_particularism" class="extiw" title="en:Moral particularism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Moral particularism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="道德相对主义">相对主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E8%99%9B%E7%84%A1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="道德虛無主義">虚无主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E6%80%80%E7%96%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="道德怀疑主义">怀疑主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E6%99%AE%E9%81%8D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="道德普遍主义">普遍主义</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFE5BE; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="美学">美学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="形式主义">形式主义</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="艺术制度论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Institutional theory of art"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="艺术制度论（页面不存在）">制度论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institutional_theory_of_art" class="extiw" title="en:Institutional theory of art"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Institutional theory of art</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美学情感" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Aesthetic emotions"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%A6%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美学情感（页面不存在）">美学回应</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesthetic_emotions" class="extiw" title="en:Aesthetic emotions"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Aesthetic emotions</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFE5BE; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91" title="逻辑">逻辑学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91" title="经典逻辑">经典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%B6%93%E5%85%B8%E9%82%8F%E8%BC%AF" title="非經典邏輯">非经典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91" class="mw-redirect" title="形式逻辑">形式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91" title="非形式逻辑">非形式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%82%96%E8%AE%BA" title="悖论">悖论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AC%AC%E8%AA%A4" title="謬誤">謬誤</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FFD699;"><div id="各地区哲学哲学相关列表" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="Category:各國哲學">各地区哲学</a></li><li>哲学相关列表</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFE5BE; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="Category:各國哲學">各地区哲学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="非洲哲学">非洲</a><small>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="埃塞俄比亚哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ethiopian philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E5%A1%9E%E4%BF%84%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="埃塞俄比亚哲学（页面不存在）">埃塞俄比亚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Ethiopian philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ethiopian philosophy</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</small></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿兹特克哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Aztec philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%85%B9%E7%89%B9%E5%85%8B%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿兹特克哲学（页面不存在）">阿兹特克</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aztec_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Aztec philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Aztec philosophy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="東方哲學">东方</a><small>（<b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="中国哲学">中国</a></b><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="日本哲學">日本</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="朝韩哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Korean philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%9F%A9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="朝韩哲学（页面不存在）">朝韩</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Korean philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Korean philosophy</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="香港哲學">香港</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="臺灣哲學">臺灣</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="印度哲学">印度</a></b><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊朗哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Iranian philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊朗哲学（页面不存在）">伊朗</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Iranian philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Iranian philosophy</span></a></span>）</span></span></b><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="印度尼西亚哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Indonesian philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度尼西亚哲学（页面不存在）">印尼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Indonesian philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Indonesian philosophy</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴基斯坦哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pakistani philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴基斯坦哲学（页面不存在）">巴基斯坦</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistani_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Pakistani philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pakistani philosophy</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="西方哲学">西方</a><small>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美国哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="American philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="美國哲學">美国</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:American philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">American philosophy</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="英國哲學">英國</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="丹麦哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Danish philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="丹麦哲学（页面不存在）">丹麦</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Danish philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Danish philosophy</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法国哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="French philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法国哲学（页面不存在）">法国</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:French philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">French philosophy</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="德國哲學">德国</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="古希腊哲学">希腊</a></b><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="意大利哲学">意大利</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="波兰哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Polish philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波兰哲学（页面不存在）">波兰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Polish philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Polish philosophy</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="罗马尼亚哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Romanian philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="罗马尼亚哲学（页面不存在）">罗马尼亚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Romanian philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Romanian philosophy</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄国哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Russian philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄国哲学（页面不存在）">俄国</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Russian philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Russian philosophy</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斯洛文尼亚哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Slovene philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯洛文尼亚哲学（页面不存在）">斯洛文尼亚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovene_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Slovene philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Slovene philosophy</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFE5BE; text-align: center;">列表</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81" class="mw-redirect" title="哲学概要">概要</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哲学索引（页面不存在）">索引</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AA%E8%A7%A3%E6%B1%BA%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="未解決的哲學問題">问题</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哲学体系列表（页面不存在）">学派</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%8D%E6%B1%87%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哲学词汇表（页面不存在）">词汇表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="哲學概念列表">概念</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="哲學家列表">哲学家</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哲学运动（页面不存在）">运动</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8D%E8%A6%81%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%89%A9%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="重要哲学出版物列表（页面不存在）">出版物</a></li></ul> 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title="Portal:概率与统计">概率与统计</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:几何学">几何学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:物理学">物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:化学">化學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:有机化学">有機化學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="Portal:物理化學">物理化學</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="Portal:醫學">醫學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:2019%E5%86%A0%E7%8A%B6%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%97%85" title="Portal:2019冠状病毒病">2019冠状病毒病</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Portal:神經科學">神經科學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%8D%AF%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:药学">藥學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:生物学">生物學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="Portal:植物">植物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="Portal:動物">動物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%B8%9F" title="Portal:鸟">鳥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%B2%93" title="Portal:貓">貓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%8B%97" title="Portal:狗">狗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%81%90%E9%BE%99" title="Portal:恐龙">恐龍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E9%99%88%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2" title="Portal:新陈代谢">新陈代谢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%9C%9F%E8%8F%8C" title="Portal:真菌">真菌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%97%A5%E7%94%A8%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="Portal:藥用植物">藥用植物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%8E%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:分子与细胞生物学">分子与细胞生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:遗传学">遗传学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="Portal:病毒">病毒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%85%A9%E6%A3%B2%E7%88%AC%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="Portal:兩棲爬行動物">兩棲爬行動物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%8A%82%E8%82%A2%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="Portal:节肢动物">節肢動物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%81%AD%E7%BB%9D%E4%B8%8E%E6%BF%92%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D" title="Portal:灭绝与濒危物种">灭绝与濒危物种</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E5%92%8C%E5%86%9C%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:农业和农学">农业和农学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9C%92%E8%97%9D" title="Portal:園藝">園藝</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81" title="Portal:生态">生态</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="Portal:能源">能源</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%8F%AF%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="Portal:可再生能源">可再生能源</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95" title="Portal:可持续发展">可持續發展</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Portal:地球科學">地球科學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83" title="Portal:環境">環境</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="Portal:火山">火山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%B2%9B%E5%B1%BF" title="Portal:岛屿">岛屿</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:天文学">天文學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="Portal:太空">太空</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F" title="Portal:恒星">恒星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="Portal:太阳系">太阳系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F" title="Portal:火星">火星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83" title="Portal:月球">月球</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%97%A5%E9%A3%9F" title="Portal:日食">日食</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_edu_miscellaneous.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Nuvola_apps_edu_miscellaneous.svg/25px-Nuvola_apps_edu_miscellaneous.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Nuvola_apps_edu_miscellaneous.svg/38px-Nuvola_apps_edu_miscellaneous.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Nuvola_apps_edu_miscellaneous.svg/50px-Nuvola_apps_edu_miscellaneous.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF" title="Portal:艺术">藝術</a>與<a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="Portal:文化">文化</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF" title="Portal:艺术">艺术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="Portal:文化">文化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="Portal:設計">設計</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%A3%B2%E9%A3%9F" title="Portal:飲食">飲食</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%95%A4%E9%85%92" title="Portal:啤酒">啤酒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E9%85%92" title="Portal:葡萄酒">葡萄酒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="Portal:咖啡">咖啡</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%91%84%E5%BD%B1" title="Portal:摄影">攝影</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%AD%A6%E8%A1%93" title="Portal:武術">武術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="Portal:建築">建築</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91" title="Portal:中国建筑">中國建築</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" title="Portal:音乐">音樂</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" title="Portal:古典音乐">古典音樂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" title="Portal:韩国流行音乐">韩国流行音乐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" title="Portal:电子音乐">电子音乐</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%88%9E%E8%B9%88" title="Portal:舞蹈">舞蹈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%88%8F%E5%89%A7" title="Portal:戏剧">戏剧</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1" title="Portal:电影">電影</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%E9%87%91%E5%83%8F%E7%8D%8E" title="Portal:奧斯卡金像獎">奧斯卡金像獎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%98%9F%E7%90%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="Portal:星球大战">星球大战</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96" title="Portal:電視">電視</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8A%87" title="Portal:電視劇">電視劇</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%81%87%E9%9D%A2%E9%A8%8E%E5%A3%AB" title="Portal:假面騎士">假面骑士</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%A5%9E%E7%A7%98%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB" title="Portal:神秘博士">神秘博士</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%BF%AA%E5%A3%AB%E5%B0%BC" title="Portal:迪士尼">迪士尼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88" title="Portal:漢字文化圈">漢字文化圈</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%A7%91%E8%88%89" title="Portal:科舉">科舉</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1" title="Portal:神話">神話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%A9%A9%E6%AD%8C" title="Portal:詩歌">詩歌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%9B%B8%E7%B1%8D" title="Portal:書籍">書籍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:文学">文学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%BA%A2%E6%A5%BC%E6%A2%A6" title="Portal:红楼梦">红楼梦</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86%E5%92%8C%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86" title="Portal:图书馆和博物馆">图书馆和博物馆</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kuser.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Nuvola_apps_kuser.svg/25px-Nuvola_apps_kuser.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Nuvola_apps_kuser.svg/38px-Nuvola_apps_kuser.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Nuvola_apps_kuser.svg/50px-Nuvola_apps_kuser.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Portal:社會科學">社會科學</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:社会学">社会学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Portal:政治">政治</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Portal:美国总统">美国总统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="Portal:台灣獨立運動">台灣獨立運動</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%94%BF%E9%BB%A8" title="Portal:政黨">政黨</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F90%EF%BC%8F%E7%B6%A0%E9%BB%A8" title="Portal:聯盟90／綠黨">聯盟90/綠黨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3%E5%8A%9B%E9%87%8F" title="Portal:時代力量">時代力量</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%9F%BA%E9%80%B2" title="Portal:台灣基進">台灣基進</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E9%BB%A8" title="Portal:中國國民黨">中國國民黨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E9%80%B2%E6%AD%A5%E9%BB%A8" title="Portal:民主進步黨">民主進步黨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A" title="Portal:中国共产党">中国共产党</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="Portal:国际关系">國際關係</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD" title="Portal:联合国">聯合國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="Portal:歐洲聯盟">歐洲聯盟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="Portal:北大西洋公約組織">北大西洋公約組織</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E9%AB%94" title="Portal:獨立國家聯合體">獨立國家聯合體</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:经济学">經濟學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%92%B1%E5%B8%81%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:钱币学">钱币学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:语言学">語言學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:心理学">心理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:人类学">人類學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:考古学">考古学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%AB%A5%E8%BB%8D" title="Portal:童軍">童軍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="Portal:法律">法律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F%E8%88%87%E5%9F%B7%E6%B3%95" title="Portal:警察與執法">警察與執法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%B6%88%E9%98%B2" title="Portal:消防">消防</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="Portal:教育">教育</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:大学">大学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%AB%98%E6%A0%A1" title="Portal:中国高校">中国高校</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%8D%97%E5%BC%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:南开大学">南开大学</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A" title="Portal:人權">人權</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="Portal:社会主义">社会主义</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A2%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="Portal:共產主義">共产主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%97%A0%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="Portal:无政府主义">无政府主义</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="Portal:女性主義">女性主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="Portal:自由主义">自由主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="Portal:社會運動">社會運動</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Monobook_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Monobook_icon.svg/25px-Monobook_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Monobook_icon.svg/38px-Monobook_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Monobook_icon.svg/50px-Monobook_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <b>人文</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">哲學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:形而上学">形而上学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Portal:语言">語言</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E" title="Portal:閩南語">閩南語</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="Portal:文字">文字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9" title="Portal:人物">人物</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%A4%8F%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%94%E6%91%A9%E6%96%AF" title="Portal:夏洛克·福尔摩斯">夏洛克·福尔摩斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%94%90%E7%B4%8D%C2%B7%E5%B7%9D%E6%99%AE" title="Portal:唐納·川普">唐納·川普</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%87%91%E5%BA%B8" title="Portal:金庸">金庸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%B9%A0%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3" title="Portal:习近平">习近平</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%94%A1%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87" title="Portal:蔡英文">蔡英文</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A" title="Portal:社会">社会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%80%A7" title="Portal:性">性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:LGBT" title="Portal:LGBT">LGBT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%B7%A8%E6%80%A7%E5%88%AB" title="Portal:跨性别">跨性别</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%BA%AB%E5%BF%83%E9%9A%9C%E7%A4%99" title="Portal:身心障礙">身心障礙</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%B0%8E%E7%9B%B2%E7%8A%AC" title="Portal:導盲犬">導盲犬</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%AD%A7%E8%A7%86" title="Portal:歧视">歧视</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" title="Portal:死亡">死亡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%89%B2%E6%83%85" title="Portal:色情">色情</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/25px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/38px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/50px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="Portal:宗教">宗教</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="Portal:佛教">佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="Portal:道教">道教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="Portal:犹太教">猶太教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="Portal:基督教">基督教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="Portal:天主教">天主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="Portal:加尔文主义">加尔文主义</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="Portal:伊斯兰教">伊斯兰教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="Portal:古希臘宗教">古希臘宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%A5%9E%E9%81%93" title="Portal:神道">神道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="Portal:巴哈伊信仰">巴哈伊信仰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%B3%95%E8%BC%AA%E5%8A%9F" title="Portal:法輪功">法輪功</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kworldclock.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Nuvola_apps_kworldclock.svg/25px-Nuvola_apps_kworldclock.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Nuvola_apps_kworldclock.svg/38px-Nuvola_apps_kworldclock.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Nuvola_apps_kworldclock.svg/50px-Nuvola_apps_kworldclock.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="Portal:历史">歷史</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD" title="Portal:战国">战国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%B1%89%E6%9C%9D" title="Portal:汉朝">漢朝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD" title="Portal:三国">三国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7" title="Portal:中国文化遗产">中国文化遗产</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC" title="Portal:古羅馬">古羅馬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="Portal:拜占庭帝国">拜占庭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="Portal:中世纪">中世纪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7" title="Portal:世界遗产">世界遺產</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" title="Portal:蘇聯">蘇聯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%B7" title="Portal:东德">东德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="Portal:納粹德國">納粹德國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%85%AD%E5%9B%9B%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Portal:六四事件">六四事件</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bluetank.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Bluetank.png/25px-Bluetank.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Bluetank.png/38px-Bluetank.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Bluetank.png/50px-Bluetank.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="237" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B" title="Portal:軍事">军事及战争</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B" title="Portal:軍事">軍事</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%B5%B7%E5%86%9B" title="Portal:海军">海军</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B" title="Portal:美國軍事">美國軍事</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%88%B0%E8%BB%8A" title="Portal:戰車">坦克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%88%98%E5%88%97%E8%88%B0" title="Portal:战列舰">战列舰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="Portal:恐怖主義">恐怖主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" title="Portal:第一次世界大戰">第一次世界大戰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" title="Portal:第二次世界大戰">第二次世界大戰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%86%B7%E6%88%98" title="Portal:冷战">冷战</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%86%B7%E6%88%B0" title="Portal:第二次冷戰">第二次冷戰</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sports_icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/25px-Sports_icon.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/38px-Sports_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/50px-Sports_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="226" /></a></span> <b>娛樂與<a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="Portal:体育运动">體育</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%8A%A8%E6%BC%AB" title="Portal:动漫">動漫</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%93%86%E5%95%A6A%E5%A4%A2" title="Portal:哆啦A夢">哆啦A夢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Keroro%E8%BB%8D%E6%9B%B9" title="Portal:Keroro軍曹">Keroro軍曹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%90%8D%E5%81%B5%E6%8E%A2%E6%9F%AF%E5%8D%97" title="Portal:名偵探柯南">名偵探柯南</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:GUNDAM" title="Portal:GUNDAM">GUNDAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%B0%91%E5%A5%B3%E6%BC%AB%E7%95%AB" title="Portal:少女漫畫">少女漫畫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%90%89%E5%8D%9C%E5%8A%9B%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%A4" title="Portal:吉卜力工作室">吉卜力工作室</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F" title="Portal:电子游戏">電子遊戲</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%BB%BB%E5%A4%A9%E5%A0%82" title="Portal:任天堂">任天堂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:PlayStation" title="Portal:PlayStation">PlayStation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Xbox" title="Portal:Xbox">Xbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%B8%96%E5%98%89" title="Portal:世嘉">世嘉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%8F%B2%E5%85%8B%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E8%89%BE%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF" title="Portal:史克威尔艾尼克斯">史克威尔艾尼克斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="Portal:我的世界">我的世界</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%8E%9F%E7%A5%9E" title="Portal:原神">原神</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%8E%A8%E6%83%B3%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AA" title="Portal:推想小說">推想小說</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AA" title="Portal:小說">小說</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%93%88%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%A2%E7%89%B9" title="Portal:哈利波特">哈利波特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%9A%AE%E5%85%89%E4%B9%8B%E5%9F%8E" title="Portal:暮光之城">暮光之城</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="Portal:体育运动">体育</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%A5%A5%E8%BF%90%E4%BC%9A" title="Portal:奥运会">奧運會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%BA%9A%E8%BF%90%E4%BC%9A" title="Portal:亚运会">亚运会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83" title="Portal:足球">足球</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%B6%B3%E5%8D%94%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9B%83" title="Portal:國際足協世界盃">世界盃</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%A3%92%E7%90%83" title="Portal:棒球">棒球</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%B6%B2%E7%90%83" title="Portal:網球">網球</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%B1%83%E7%90%83" title="Portal:籃球">籃球</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%8D%95%E9%B1%BC" title="Portal:捕鱼">捕鱼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%B8%80%E7%B4%9A%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F" title="Portal:一級方程式">一級方程式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%BE%BD%E6%AF%9B%E7%90%83" title="Portal:羽毛球">羽毛球</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%AB%94%E6%93%8D" title="Portal:體操">体操</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%A9%84%E6%A6%84%E7%90%83" title="Portal:橄榄球">橄榄球</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg/25px-Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg/38px-Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg/50px-Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" title="Portal:技術">技術</a></b>与<b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="Portal:工程">工程</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="Portal:資訊科技">電腦技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="Portal:電腦程式設計">电脑程序设计</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94" title="Portal:自由軟體">自由軟體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95" title="Portal:软件测试">软件测试</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%B8" title="Portal:電子學">電子學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1" title="Portal:电信">電信</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5" title="Portal:无线电">无线电</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:密码学">密码学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="Portal:航天">航天</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E4%BA%BA%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:机器人学">机器人学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:VRMMO" title="Portal:VRMMO">VRMMO</a></li> <li>科技公司 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%BE%AE%E8%BB%9F" title="Portal:微軟">微軟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%8B%B9%E6%9E%9C%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="Portal:苹果公司">苹果</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Google" title="Portal:Google">Google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%B4%A2%E5%B0%BC" title="Portal:索尼">索尼</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91" title="Portal:互联网">互联网</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91" title="Portal:维基百科">维基百科</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6" title="Portal:软件">软件</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Linux" title="Portal:Linux">Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Android" title="Portal:Android">Android</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%A0%B8%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="Portal:核技术">核技术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" title="Portal:生物技術">生物技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1" title="Portal:电信">电信</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sinnbild_Radfahrer,_StVO_1992.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sinnbild_Radfahrer%2C_StVO_1992.svg/25px-Sinnbild_Radfahrer%2C_StVO_1992.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sinnbild_Radfahrer%2C_StVO_1992.svg/38px-Sinnbild_Radfahrer%2C_StVO_1992.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sinnbild_Radfahrer%2C_StVO_1992.svg/50px-Sinnbild_Radfahrer%2C_StVO_1992.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A" title="Portal:交通">交通</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E5%8F%B2" title="Portal:中外交通史">中外交通史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="Portal:航空">航空</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF" title="Portal:公路">公路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="Portal:鐵路">铁路</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A" title="Portal:城市轨道交通">城市軌道交通</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF" title="Portal:中国铁路">中国铁路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="Portal:日本鐵路">日本鐵路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8" title="Portal:香港鐵路運輸">香港鐵路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8" title="Portal:臺灣鐵路運輸">臺灣鐵路運輸</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%B7%B4%E5%A3%AB" title="Portal:巴士">公共汽车</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%B7%B4%E5%A3%AB%E8%B7%AF%E7%B7%9A" title="Portal:香港巴士路線">香港巴士路線</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%B0%8F%E5%B7%B4%E8%B7%AF%E7%B7%9A" title="Portal:香港小巴路線">香港小巴路線</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%B7%B4%E5%A3%AB%E7%B8%BD%E7%AB%99" title="Portal:香港巴士總站">香港巴士總站</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%85%AC%E4%BA%A4" title="Portal:上海公交">上海公交</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kweather.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Nuvola_apps_kweather.svg/25px-Nuvola_apps_kweather.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Nuvola_apps_kweather.svg/38px-Nuvola_apps_kweather.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Nuvola_apps_kweather.svg/50px-Nuvola_apps_kweather.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="419" data-file-height="419" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1" title="Portal:氣象">氣象</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E9%A2%B1%E9%A2%A8%E5%AD%A3" title="Portal:太平洋颱風季">太平洋颱風季</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E6%B0%A3%E6%97%8B" title="Portal:熱帶氣旋">熱帶氣旋</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gnome-globe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/25px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/38px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/50px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> <b>地理</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:地理学">地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9C%B0%E5%9C%96" title="Portal:地圖">地圖</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">亚洲</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">東亞</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" title="Portal:中国">中国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="Portal:中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a> <ul><li>省区 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%B2%B3%E5%8C%97" title="Portal:河北">河北</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%B1%B1%E8%A5%BF" title="Portal:山西">山西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%B1%9F%E8%8B%8F" title="Portal:江苏">江苏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%B5%99%E6%B1%9F" title="Portal:浙江">浙江</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C" title="Portal:山东">山东</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%BD" title="Portal:安徽">安徽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA" title="Portal:福建">福建</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97" title="Portal:河南">河南</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%B9%96%E5%8C%97" title="Portal:湖北">湖北</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%97" title="Portal:湖南">湖南</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C" title="Portal:广东">广东</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%BB%A3%E8%A5%BF" title="Portal:廣西">广西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97" title="Portal:海南">海南</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D" title="Portal:四川">四川</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%B4%B5%E5%B7%9E" title="Portal:贵州">贵州</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%BA%91%E5%8D%97" title="Portal:云南">云南</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E7%94%98%E8%82%83" title="WikiProject:甘肃">甘肃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86" title="Portal:新疆">新疆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%B1%9F%E8%A5%BF" title="Portal:江西">江西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%B4%B5%E5%B7%9E" title="Portal:贵州">贵州</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%AE%81%E5%A4%8F" title="Portal:宁夏">宁夏</a></li></ul></li> <li>城市 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC" title="Portal:北京">北京</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A5" title="Portal:天津">天津</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7" title="Portal:上海">上海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC" title="Portal:南京">南京</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E" title="Portal:苏州">苏州</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%A6%8F%E5%B7%9E" title="Portal:福州">福州</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E" title="Portal:广州">广州</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%AD%A6%E6%B1%89" title="Portal:武汉">武汉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89" title="Portal:西安">西安</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%AE%81%E6%B3%A2" title="Portal:宁波">宁波</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B" title="Portal:青岛">青岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%87%8D%E5%BA%86" title="Portal:重庆">重庆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%8F%B0%E5%B7%9E" title="Portal:台州">台州</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%83%A0%E5%B7%9E" title="Portal:惠州">惠州</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%82%87%E5%BA%86" title="Portal:肇庆">肇庆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%AE%81%E5%BE%B7" title="Portal:宁德">宁德</a></li></ul></li> <li>其他 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="Portal:香港">香港</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" title="Portal:澳門">澳門</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97" title="Portal:东北">东北地区</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%BB%A8%E6%B5%B7%E6%96%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="Portal:滨海新区">天津滨海新区</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="Portal:中華民國">中華民國</a> <ul><li>廣域 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3" title="Portal:臺灣">臺灣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA" title="Portal:福建">福建</a></li></ul></li> <li>縣市 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%87%BA%E5%8C%97" title="Portal:臺北">臺北</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9F%BA%E9%9A%86" title="Portal:基隆">基隆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%A1%83%E5%9C%92" title="Portal:桃園">桃園</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E7%AB%B9" title="Portal:新竹">新竹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%8B%97%E6%A0%97" title="Portal:苗栗">苗栗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%87%BA%E4%B8%AD" title="Portal:臺中">臺中</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%BD%B0%E5%8C%96" title="Portal:彰化">彰化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%8D%97%E6%8A%95" title="Portal:南投">南投</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%9B%B2%E6%9E%97" title="Portal:雲林">雲林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%87%BA%E5%8D%97" title="Portal:臺南">臺南</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%AB%98%E9%9B%84" title="Portal:高雄">高雄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%96" title="Portal:澎湖">澎湖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%AE%9C%E8%98%AD" title="Portal:宜蘭">宜蘭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%87%91%E9%96%80" title="Portal:金門">金門</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="Portal:日本">日本</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%AC" title="Portal:东京">東京</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="Portal:琉球群島">琉球群島</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" title="Portal:朝鮮半島">朝鮮半島</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD" title="Portal:韩国">韓國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="Portal:朝鮮民主主義人民共和國">朝鮮</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">東南亞</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="Portal:越南">越南</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1" title="Portal:新加坡">新加坡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="Portal:马来西亚">馬來西亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%B3%B0%E5%9C%8B" title="Portal:泰國">泰國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93" title="Portal:菲律賓">菲律賓</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">西亞</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="Portal:以色列">以色列</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="Portal:伊朗">伊朗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="Portal:土耳其">土耳其</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" title="Portal:歐洲">歐洲</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">北歐</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0" title="Portal:芬兰">芬兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="Portal:瑞典">瑞典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="Portal:立陶宛">立陶宛</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">西歐</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="Portal:德国">德國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="Portal:法国">法国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="Portal:荷兰">荷兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="Portal:比利时">比利时</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="Portal:奥地利">奥地利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="Portal:瑞士">瑞士</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="Portal:英国">英国</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%80%AB%E6%95%A6" title="Portal:倫敦">倫敦</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">南歐</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="Portal:義大利">義大利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%B2%A1" title="Portal:梵蒂岡">梵蒂岡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="Portal:希腊">希腊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="Portal:土耳其">土耳其</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="Portal:西班牙">西班牙</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">東歐</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="Portal:亞美尼亞">亞美尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="Portal:白俄羅斯">白俄羅斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="Portal:波兰">波兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="Portal:俄罗斯">俄羅斯</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%84%9B%E8%8D%B7%E8%8F%AF%E5%B7%9E" title="Portal:愛荷華州">愛荷華州</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%A0%AA%E8%96%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%9E" title="Portal:堪薩斯州">堪薩斯州</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="Portal:加拿大">加拿大</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF" title="Portal:巴西">巴西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%8B%8F%E9%87%8C%E5%8D%97" title="Portal:苏里南">苏里南</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%B9%E5%BB%B7" title="Portal:阿根廷">阿根廷</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">大洋洲</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="Portal:澳大利亚">澳大利亚</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" 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