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and engineering literature </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Richardson%2C+R+A">Reese AK Richardson</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Moon%2C+J">Jeonghyun Moon</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hong%2C+S+S">Spencer S Hong</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Amaral%2C+L+A+N">Lu铆s A Nunes Amaral</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2409.00104v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Removed per arXiv policy. Please see version at https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/4wqcr </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2409.00104v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Removed per arXiv policy. Please see version at https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/4wqcr <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2409.00104v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2409.00104v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 27 August, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> September 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">arXiv admin note: Removed per arXiv policy. Please see version at https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/4wqcr</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.13424">arXiv:2401.13424</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2401.13424">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2401.13424">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Nuclear Theory">nucl-th</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic Physics">physics.atom-ph</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Revisiting the helium isotope-shift puzzle with improved uncertainties from nuclear structure corrections </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Muli%2C+S+S+L">Simone Salvatore Li Muli</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Richardson%2C+T+R">Thomas R. Richardson</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bacca%2C+S">Sonia Bacca</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2401.13424v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Measurements of the difference between the squared charge radii of the helion ($^3$He nucleus) and the $伪$-particle ($^4$He nucleus) have been characterized by longstanding tensions, recently spotlighted in the 3.6 $蟽$ discrepancy of the extractions from ordinary atoms versus those from muonic atoms. Here, we present a novel analysis of uncertainties in nuclear structure corrections that must be s… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2401.13424v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2401.13424v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2401.13424v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Measurements of the difference between the squared charge radii of the helion ($^3$He nucleus) and the $伪$-particle ($^4$He nucleus) have been characterized by longstanding tensions, recently spotlighted in the 3.6 $蟽$ discrepancy of the extractions from ordinary atoms versus those from muonic atoms. Here, we present a novel analysis of uncertainties in nuclear structure corrections that must be supplied by theory to enable the extraction of the difference in radii from spectroscopic experiments. We use modern Bayesian inference techniques to quantify uncertainties stemming from the truncation of the chiral effective field theory expansion of the nuclear force for both muonic and ordinary atoms. With the new nuclear structure input, the helium isotope-shift puzzle cannot be explained, rather it is reinforced to a 4 $蟽$ discrepancy. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2401.13424v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2401.13424v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 24 January, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> January 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">5 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Report number:</span> MITP-24-029 </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.03951">arXiv:2106.03951</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.03951">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2106.03951">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Nuclear Experiment">nucl-ex</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/16/10/P10021">10.1088/1748-0221/16/10/P10021 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Optical calibration of the SNO+ detector in the water phase with deployed sources </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Collaboration%2C+S">SNO+ Collaboration</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=%3A"> :</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Anderson%2C+M+R">M. R. Anderson</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Andringa%2C+S">S. Andringa</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Askins%2C+M">M. Askins</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Auty%2C+D+J">D. J. Auty</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bar%C3%A3o%2C+F">F. Bar茫o</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barros%2C+N">N. Barros</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bayes%2C+R">R. Bayes</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Beier%2C+E+W">E. W. Beier</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bialek%2C+A">A. Bialek</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Biller%2C+S+D">S. D. Biller</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Blucher%2C+E">E. Blucher</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Boulay%2C+M">M. Boulay</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Caden%2C+E">E. Caden</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Callaghan%2C+E+J">E. J. Callaghan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Caravaca%2C+J">J. Caravaca</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chen%2C+M">M. Chen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chkvorets%2C+O">O. Chkvorets</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cleveland%2C+B">B. Cleveland</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cookman%2C+D">D. Cookman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Corning%2C+J">J. Corning</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cox%2C+M+A">M. A. Cox</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Deluce%2C+C">C. Deluce</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Depatie%2C+M+M">M. M. Depatie</a> , et al. (98 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2106.03951v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> SNO+ is a large-scale liquid scintillator experiment with the primary goal of searching for neutrinoless double beta decay, and is located approximately 2 km underground in SNOLAB, Sudbury, Canada. The detector acquired data for two years as a pure water Cherenkov detector, starting in May 2017. During this period, the optical properties of the detector were measured in situ using a deployed light… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2106.03951v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2106.03951v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2106.03951v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> SNO+ is a large-scale liquid scintillator experiment with the primary goal of searching for neutrinoless double beta decay, and is located approximately 2 km underground in SNOLAB, Sudbury, Canada. The detector acquired data for two years as a pure water Cherenkov detector, starting in May 2017. During this period, the optical properties of the detector were measured in situ using a deployed light diffusing sphere, with the goal of improving the detector model and the energy response systematic uncertainties. The measured parameters included the water attenuation coefficients, effective attenuation coefficients for the acrylic vessel, and the angular response of the photomultiplier tubes and their surrounding light concentrators, all across different wavelengths. The calibrated detector model was validated using a deployed tagged gamma source, which showed a 0.6% variation in energy scale across the primary target volume. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2106.03951v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2106.03951v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 4 October, 2021; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 7 June, 2021; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> June 2021. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">Accepted by JINST (30 pages, 19 figures)</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> JINST 16 (2021) P10021 </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.11687">arXiv:2104.11687</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.11687">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2104.11687">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Nuclear Experiment">nucl-ex</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/16/08/P08059">10.1088/1748-0221/16/08/P08059 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> The SNO+ Experiment </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Collaboration%2C+S">SNO+ Collaboration</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=%3A"> :</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Albanese%2C+V">V. Albanese</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Alves%2C+R">R. Alves</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Anderson%2C+M+R">M. R. Anderson</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Andringa%2C+S">S. Andringa</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Anselmo%2C+L">L. Anselmo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Arushanova%2C+E">E. Arushanova</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Asahi%2C+S">S. Asahi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Askins%2C+M">M. Askins</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Auty%2C+D+J">D. J. Auty</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Back%2C+A+R">A. R. Back</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Back%2C+S">S. Back</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bar%C3%A3o%2C+F">F. Bar茫o</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barnard%2C+Z">Z. Barnard</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barr%2C+A">A. Barr</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barros%2C+N">N. Barros</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bartlett%2C+D">D. Bartlett</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bayes%2C+R">R. Bayes</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Beaudoin%2C+C">C. Beaudoin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Beier%2C+E+W">E. W. Beier</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Berardi%2C+G">G. Berardi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bialek%2C+A">A. Bialek</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Biller%2C+S+D">S. D. Biller</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Blucher%2C+E">E. Blucher</a> , et al. (229 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2104.11687v3-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The SNO+ experiment is located 2 km underground at SNOLAB in Sudbury, Canada. A low background search for neutrinoless double beta ($0谓尾尾$) decay will be conducted using 780 tonnes of liquid scintillator loaded with 3.9 tonnes of natural tellurium, corresponding to 1.3 tonnes of $^{130}$Te. This paper provides a general overview of the SNO+ experiment, including detector design, construction of pr… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2104.11687v3-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2104.11687v3-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2104.11687v3-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The SNO+ experiment is located 2 km underground at SNOLAB in Sudbury, Canada. A low background search for neutrinoless double beta ($0谓尾尾$) decay will be conducted using 780 tonnes of liquid scintillator loaded with 3.9 tonnes of natural tellurium, corresponding to 1.3 tonnes of $^{130}$Te. This paper provides a general overview of the SNO+ experiment, including detector design, construction of process plants, commissioning efforts, electronics upgrades, data acquisition systems, and calibration techniques. The SNO+ collaboration is reusing the acrylic vessel, PMT array, and electronics of the SNO detector, having made a number of experimental upgrades and essential adaptations for use with the liquid scintillator. With low backgrounds and a low energy threshold, the SNO+ collaboration will also pursue a rich physics program beyond the search for $0谓尾尾$ decay, including studies of geo- and reactor antineutrinos, supernova and solar neutrinos, and exotic physics such as the search for invisible nucleon decay. The SNO+ approach to the search for $0谓尾尾$ decay is scalable: a future phase with high $^{130}$Te-loading is envisioned to probe an effective Majorana mass in the inverted mass ordering region. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2104.11687v3-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2104.11687v3-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 25 August, 2021; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 23 April, 2021; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> April 2021. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">61 pages, 23 figures, 4 tables</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> The SNO+ collaboration, 2021 JINST 16 P08059 </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.12924">arXiv:2011.12924</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.12924">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2011.12924">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/16/05/P05009">10.1088/1748-0221/16/05/P05009 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Development, characterisation, and deployment of the SNO+ liquid scintillator </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Collaboration%2C+S">SNO+ Collaboration</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=%3A"> :</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Anderson%2C+M+R">M. R. Anderson</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Andringa%2C+S">S. Andringa</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Anselmo%2C+L">L. Anselmo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Arushanova%2C+E">E. Arushanova</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Asahi%2C+S">S. Asahi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Askins%2C+M">M. Askins</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Auty%2C+D+J">D. J. Auty</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Back%2C+A+R">A. R. Back</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barnard%2C+Z">Z. Barnard</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barros%2C+N">N. Barros</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bartlett%2C+D">D. Bartlett</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bar%C3%A3o%2C+F">F. Bar茫o</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bayes%2C+R">R. Bayes</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Beier%2C+E+W">E. W. Beier</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bialek%2C+A">A. Bialek</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Biller%2C+S+D">S. D. Biller</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Blucher%2C+E">E. Blucher</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bonventre%2C+R">R. Bonventre</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Boulay%2C+M">M. Boulay</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Braid%2C+D">D. Braid</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Caden%2C+E">E. Caden</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Callaghan%2C+E+J">E. J. Callaghan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Caravaca%2C+J">J. Caravaca</a> , et al. (201 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2011.12924v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> A liquid scintillator consisting of linear alkylbenzene as the solvent and 2,5-diphenyloxazole as the fluor was developed for the SNO+ experiment. This mixture was chosen as it is compatible with acrylic and has a competitive light yield to pre-existing liquid scintillators while conferring other advantages including longer attenuation lengths, superior safety characteristics, chemical simplicity,… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2011.12924v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2011.12924v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2011.12924v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> A liquid scintillator consisting of linear alkylbenzene as the solvent and 2,5-diphenyloxazole as the fluor was developed for the SNO+ experiment. This mixture was chosen as it is compatible with acrylic and has a competitive light yield to pre-existing liquid scintillators while conferring other advantages including longer attenuation lengths, superior safety characteristics, chemical simplicity, ease of handling, and logistical availability. Its properties have been extensively characterized and are presented here. This liquid scintillator is now used in several neutrino physics experiments in addition to SNO+. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2011.12924v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2011.12924v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 21 February, 2021; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 25 November, 2020; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> November 2020. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">21 pages, 10 figures</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> JINST 16 (2021) P05009 </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.04144">arXiv:2010.04144</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.04144">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2010.04144">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Medical Physics">physics.med-ph</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Towards Blood Flow in the Virtual Human: Efficient Self-Coupling of HemeLB </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=McCullough%2C+J+W+S">J. W. S. McCullough</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Richardson%2C+R+A">R. A. Richardson</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Patronis%2C+A">A. Patronis</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Halver%2C+R">R. Halver</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Marshall%2C+R">R. Marshall</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ruefenacht%2C+M">M. Ruefenacht</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Wylie%2C+B+J+M">B. J. M. Wylie</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Odaker%2C+T">T. Odaker</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Wiedemann%2C+M">M. Wiedemann</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lloyd%2C+B">B. Lloyd</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Neufeld%2C+E">E. Neufeld</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Sutmann%2C+G">G. Sutmann</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Skjellum%2C+A">A. Skjellum</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kranzlm%C3%BCller%2C+D">D. Kranzlm眉ller</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Coveney%2C+P+V">P. V. Coveney</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2010.04144v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Many scientific and medical researchers are working towards the creation of a virtual human - a personalised digital copy of an individual - that will assist in a patient's diagnosis, treatment and recovery. The complex nature of living systems means that the development of this remains a major challenge. We describe progress in enabling the HemeLB lattice Boltzmann code to simulate 3D macroscopic… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2010.04144v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2010.04144v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2010.04144v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Many scientific and medical researchers are working towards the creation of a virtual human - a personalised digital copy of an individual - that will assist in a patient's diagnosis, treatment and recovery. The complex nature of living systems means that the development of this remains a major challenge. We describe progress in enabling the HemeLB lattice Boltzmann code to simulate 3D macroscopic blood flow on a full human scale. Significant developments in memory management and load balancing allow near linear scaling performance of the code on hundreds of thousands of computer cores. Integral to the construction of a virtual human, we also outline the implementation of a self-coupling strategy for HemeLB. This allows simultaneous simulation of arterial and venous vascular trees based on human-specific geometries. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2010.04144v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2010.04144v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 8 October, 2020; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> October 2020. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">30 pages, 10 figures, To be published in Interface Focus (https://royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rsfs)</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.10351">arXiv:2002.10351</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.10351">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2002.10351">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Nuclear Experiment">nucl-ex</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.102.014002">10.1103/PhysRevC.102.014002 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Measurement of neutron-proton capture in the SNO+ water phase </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Collaboration%2C+T+S">The SNO+ Collaboration</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=%3A"> :</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Anderson%2C+M+R">M. R. Anderson</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Andringa%2C+S">S. Andringa</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Askins%2C+M">M. Askins</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Auty%2C+D+J">D. J. Auty</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barros%2C+N">N. Barros</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bar%C3%A3o%2C+F">F. Bar茫o</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bayes%2C+R">R. Bayes</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Beier%2C+E+W">E. W. Beier</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bialek%2C+A">A. Bialek</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Biller%2C+S+D">S. D. Biller</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Blucher%2C+E">E. Blucher</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bonventre%2C+R">R. Bonventre</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Boulay%2C+M">M. Boulay</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Caden%2C+E">E. Caden</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Callaghan%2C+E+J">E. J. Callaghan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Caravaca%2C+J">J. Caravaca</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chauhan%2C+D">D. Chauhan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chen%2C+M">M. Chen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chkvorets%2C+O">O. Chkvorets</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cleveland%2C+B">B. Cleveland</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cox%2C+M+A">M. A. Cox</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Depatie%2C+M+M">M. M. Depatie</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Dittmer%2C+J">J. Dittmer</a> , et al. (108 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2002.10351v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The SNO+ experiment collected data as a low-threshold water Cherenkov detector from September 2017 to July 2019. Measurements of the 2.2-MeV $纬$ produced by neutron capture on hydrogen have been made using an Am-Be calibration source, for which a large fraction of emitted neutrons are produced simultaneously with a 4.4-MeV $纬$. Analysis of the delayed coincidence between the 4.4-MeV $纬$ and the 2.… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2002.10351v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2002.10351v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2002.10351v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The SNO+ experiment collected data as a low-threshold water Cherenkov detector from September 2017 to July 2019. Measurements of the 2.2-MeV $纬$ produced by neutron capture on hydrogen have been made using an Am-Be calibration source, for which a large fraction of emitted neutrons are produced simultaneously with a 4.4-MeV $纬$. Analysis of the delayed coincidence between the 4.4-MeV $纬$ and the 2.2-MeV capture $纬$ revealed a neutron detection efficiency that is centered around 50% and varies at the level of 1% across the inner region of the detector, which to our knowledge is the highest efficiency achieved among pure water Cherenkov detectors. In addition, the neutron capture time constant was measured and converted to a thermal neutron-proton capture cross section of $336.3^{+1.2}_{-1.5}$ mb. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2002.10351v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2002.10351v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 13 July, 2020; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 24 February, 2020; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> February 2020. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Phys. Rev. C 102, 014002 (2020) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.11925">arXiv:1906.11925</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.11925">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1906.11925">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Computational Physics">physics.comp-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition">cs.CV</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Graphics">cs.GR</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> HEMELB Acceleration and Visualization for Cerebral Aneurysms </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Esfahani%2C+S+S">Sahar Soheilian Esfahani</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zhai%2C+X">Xiaojun Zhai</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chen%2C+M">Minsi Chen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Amira%2C+A">Abbes Amira</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bensaali%2C+F">Faycal Bensaali</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=AbiNahed%2C+J">Julien AbiNahed</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Dakua%2C+S">Sarada Dakua</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Younes%2C+G">Georges Younes</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Richardson%2C+R+A">Robin A. Richardson</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Coveney%2C+P+V">Peter V. Coveney</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1906.11925v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> A weakness in the wall of a cerebral artery causing a dilation or ballooning of the blood vessel is known as a cerebral aneurysm. Optimal treatment requires fast and accurate diagnosis of the aneurysm. HemeLB is a fluid dynamics solver for complex geometries developed to provide neurosurgeons with information related to the flow of blood in and around aneurysms. On a cost efficient platform, HemeL… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1906.11925v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1906.11925v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1906.11925v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> A weakness in the wall of a cerebral artery causing a dilation or ballooning of the blood vessel is known as a cerebral aneurysm. Optimal treatment requires fast and accurate diagnosis of the aneurysm. HemeLB is a fluid dynamics solver for complex geometries developed to provide neurosurgeons with information related to the flow of blood in and around aneurysms. On a cost efficient platform, HemeLB could be employed in hospitals to provide surgeons with the simulation results in real-time. In this work, we developed an improved version of HemeLB for GPU implementation and result visualization. A visualization platform for smooth interaction with end users is also presented. Finally, a comprehensive evaluation of this implementation is reported. The results demonstrate that the proposed implementation achieves a maximum performance of 15,168,964 site updates per second, and is capable of speeding up HemeLB for deployment in hospitals and clinical investigations. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1906.11925v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1906.11925v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 27 June, 2019; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> June 2019. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.05552">arXiv:1812.05552</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1812.05552">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1812.05552">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.99.032008">10.1103/PhysRevD.99.032008 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Search for invisible modes of nucleon decay in water with the SNO+ detector </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Collaboration%2C+S">SNO+ Collaboration</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=%3A"> :</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Anderson%2C+M">M. Anderson</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Andringa%2C+S">S. Andringa</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Arushanova%2C+E">E. Arushanova</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Asahi%2C+S">S. Asahi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Askins%2C+M">M. Askins</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Auty%2C+D+J">D. J. Auty</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Back%2C+A+R">A. R. Back</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barnard%2C+Z">Z. Barnard</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barros%2C+N">N. Barros</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bartlett%2C+D">D. Bartlett</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bar%C3%A3o%2C+F">F. Bar茫o</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bayes%2C+R">R. Bayes</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Beier%2C+E+W">E. W. Beier</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bialek%2C+A">A. Bialek</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Biller%2C+S+D">S. D. Biller</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Blucher%2C+E">E. Blucher</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bonventre%2C+R">R. Bonventre</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Boulay%2C+M">M. Boulay</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Braid%2C+D">D. Braid</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Caden%2C+E">E. Caden</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Callaghan%2C+E+J">E. J. Callaghan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Caravaca%2C+J">J. Caravaca</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Carvalho%2C+J">J. Carvalho</a> , et al. (173 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1812.05552v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> This paper reports results from a search for nucleon decay through 'invisible' modes, where no visible energy is directly deposited during the decay itself, during the initial water phase of SNO+. However, such decays within the oxygen nucleus would produce an excited daughter that would subsequently de-excite, often emitting detectable gamma rays. A search for such gamma rays yields limits of… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1812.05552v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1812.05552v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1812.05552v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> This paper reports results from a search for nucleon decay through 'invisible' modes, where no visible energy is directly deposited during the decay itself, during the initial water phase of SNO+. However, such decays within the oxygen nucleus would produce an excited daughter that would subsequently de-excite, often emitting detectable gamma rays. A search for such gamma rays yields limits of $2.5 \times 10^{29}$ y at 90% Bayesian credibility level (with a prior uniform in rate) for the partial lifetime of the neutron, and $3.6 \times 10^{29}$ y for the partial lifetime of the proton, the latter a 70% improvement on the previous limit from SNO. We also present partial lifetime limits for invisible dinucleon modes of $1.3\times 10^{28}$ y for $nn$, $2.6\times 10^{28}$ y for $pn$ and $4.7\times 10^{28}$ y for $pp$, an improvement over existing limits by close to three orders of magnitude for the latter two. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1812.05552v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1812.05552v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 13 December, 2018; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> December 2018. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">13 pages, 6 figures</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Phys. Rev. D 99, 032008 (2019) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0008037">arXiv:physics/0008037</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0008037">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/physics/0008037">ps</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Elliptical X-Ray Spot Measurement </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Richardson%2C+R+A">Roger A. Richardson</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Sampayan%2C+S">Stephen Sampayan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Weir%2C+J+T">John T. Weir</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0008037v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The so-called roll bar measurement uses a heavy metal material, optically thick to x-rays, to form a shadow of the x-ray origination spot. This spot is where an energetic electron beam interacts with a high Z target. The material (the "roll bar") is slightly curved to avoid alignment problems. The roll bar is constructed and positioned so that the x-rays are shadowed in the horizontal and vertic… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0008037v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('physics/0008037v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0008037v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The so-called roll bar measurement uses a heavy metal material, optically thick to x-rays, to form a shadow of the x-ray origination spot. This spot is where an energetic electron beam interacts with a high Z target. The material (the "roll bar") is slightly curved to avoid alignment problems. The roll bar is constructed and positioned so that the x-rays are shadowed in the horizontal and vertical directions, so information is obtained in two dimensions. If a beam profile is assumed (or measured by other means), the equivalent x-ray spot size can be calculated from the x-ray shadow cast by the roll bar. Thus the ellipticity of the beam can be calculated, assuming the ellipse of the x-ray spot is aligned with the roll bar. The data is recorded using a scintillator and gated camera. Data will be presented from measurements using the ETA II induction LINAC. The accuracy of the measurement is checked using small elliptical targets. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0008037v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('physics/0008037v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 11 August, 2000; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> August 2000. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">Postscript file, for LINAC2000 conference</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> eConf C000821 (2000) MOc07 </p> </li> </ol> <div class="is-hidden-tablet"> <!-- feedback for mobile only --> <span class="help" style="display: inline-block;"><a href="https://github.com/arXiv/arxiv-search/releases">Search v0.5.6 released 2020-02-24</a> </span> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div class="columns is-desktop" role="navigation" aria-label="Secondary"> <!-- MetaColumn 1 --> <div class="column"> <div class="columns"> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/about">About</a></li> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help">Help</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><title>contact arXiv</title><desc>Click here to contact arXiv</desc><path d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 21.1 15.4 56.7 47.8 92.2 47.6 35.7.3 72-32.8 92.3-47.6 102-74.1 131.6-96.3 154-113.7zM256 320c23.2.4 56.6-29.2 73.4-41.4 132.7-96.3 142.8-104.7 173.4-128.7 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