ŞÂZ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="tr" class="no-js"> <head>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date();k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(66550639, "init", { clickmap:true, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:true }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/66550639" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>   <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-160819951-1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-160819951-1'); </script> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta name="description" content="Arap dili kurallarına, yaygın kullanıma, kıyasa aykırı olan kelime ve yapılar için kullanılan bir terim."><meta property="og:url" content="/saz--arap-dili"><meta property="og:site_name" content="TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi"><meta property="og:title" content="ŞÂZ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta property="og:description" content="Arap dili kurallarına, yaygın kullanıma, kıyasa aykırı olan kelime ve yapılar için kullanılan bir terim."><meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/assets/w/images/layouts/controls/dia-f-logo.jpg"><meta property="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta property="twitter:site" content="@TDV_ISAM"><meta property="twitter:title" content="ŞÂZ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi"><meta property="twitter:image" content="https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/assets/w/images/layouts/controls/dia-f-logo.jpg"><meta property="twitter:description" content="Arap dili kurallarına, yaygın kullanıma, kıyasa aykırı olan kelime ve yapılar için kullanılan bir terim."> <title>ŞÂZ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi</title> <link rel="stylesheet async" href="https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/assets/w/css/dia.core.css?ver=22"> <link rel="stylesheet async" href="https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/assets/w/css/dia.design.css?ver=26" /> <link rel="stylesheet async" href="https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/assets/w/css/all.min.css" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/assets/w/images/layouts/dia-favico-v3.ico"/> <script src="https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/assets/w/js/vendor.jquery.min.213.js"></script> <script defer src="https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/assets/w/js/vendor.tipso.min.js"></script> <script defer src="https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/assets/w/js/modal.js"></script> <script defer src="https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/assets/w/js/ResizeSensor.min.js"></script> <script defer src="https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/assets/w/js/theia-sticky-sidebar.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <style> #topnewst{ position: fixed; top: 0; background: #FF8951; left: 0; right: 0; text-align: center; font-size: 1.05rem; color: #fff; height:45px; line-height:45px; z-index: 1199; font-weight:bold; letter-spacing:0.02rem; } #topnewst a{color:#fff; text-decoration:underline !important;} #volume-list {display:none; } #letter-lisst { position: absolute; margin-top:-2px; z-index:-10; background:#fff; padding-top:10px; border:2px solid #ccc} #letter-list a { text-align:center; text-decoration:none; float:right} .azcontainer{width:100px;} .minict_wrapper ul li:hover{background:#ededed;} .menu-top-left{text-align:left !important;} #searc-complete-result{list-style:none; margin:0px; padding:0px;} #searc-complete-result li{ float:none; line-height:19px; margin:0px !important; padding: 13px 2px !important; border-bottom: 1px solid #efe9e9; border-top:none; } #searc-complete-result a{text-decoration:none;} #searc-complete-result li .sr-title{color:#0093B0; font-weight:bold} #searc-complete-result li .sr-desc{color:#666;} #searc-complete-result li:hover{background:#f1f4f4;} #auto-suggest-loading{height:45px;} #auto-suggest-loading1{height:45px;} #searchBox1{width: 90%;} .logged_user{border-top:2px solid #ddd;} /* header buyutme */ .header_logo img{height:58px !important;} .hover-menu ul li:hover{background:rgb(236, 230, 230, 0.60);} #albhabet_button:hover{color:#666 !important;} #cilt_button:hover{color:#666 !important;} .hover-menu ul li{text-align:left !important;} #auto-suggest-box{width:490px; top:50px !important; border:none; background-color:#f4f1f1; left:0px !important} #searc-complete-result{margin-top:14px; line-height:19px;} #searc-complete-result > a:first-child li{border-top: 2px solid #bdb7b7 !important; padding-top: 25px !important; padding-left:2px !important; padding-right:2px !important;} #searc-complete-result a.selected li{background:#e6e6e6 !important;} body{margin-top:60px;} #searchBox::-ms-clear { display: none; } .hover-menu ul a li{color:#666;} .hover-menu ul a:hover li{color:#000;} #searc-complete-result{margin:3px 12px 0 12px !important;} #searc-complete-result > a:first-child li{padding: 13px 2px !important; border-top:2px solid #ddd !important} .sr-title{font-size:0.98rem !important;} .sr-desc{font-size:0.95rem !important;} .sr-old{color: #9d9d9d; font-size:0.75rem !important;} #auto-suggest-box{min-height:125px !important; border: 2px solid rgb(93, 182, 213); border-top:none; background:#fff; border-radius:3px} #searc-complete-result > div.no-res{ padding:20px 0px 50px 5px; color:#666} #searc-complete-result .at-line{position:relative; padding-left:5px;} #searc-complete-result .at-line .author-photo{height:35px; border-radius:2px} #searc-complete-result .at-line .icon-user{font-size: 31px; color: #ddd; padding-right: 4px;} #searc-complete-result .at-line .author-title{position: absolute; top: -3px; padding-left: 10px; color: #0093B0; font-weight: bold;} #searc-complete-result .at-line .author-field{position: absolute; top: 15px; padding-left: 10px; font-size:15px; color:#999} #searc-complete-result .author-photo{height:30px;} .as-tabs div.as-m.act, .as-tabs div.as-y.act{} .as-tabs div.as.psv{cursor:pointer;} .as-tabs div.as img.ic{height:20px;} .as-tabs div.as.psv img.ic{opacity:0.4} .as-tabs div.as.psv img.ic:hover{opacity:1} .as-tabs div.as.psv img.up{display:none} .as-tabs div.as span{ color:#666; font-size:15px;} div.mr{text-align:left; padding: 10px 15px 10px 0px; } .deep{ height:17px; opacity:0.7; } .deep:hover{opacity:0.9;} .count{color:#999;} /*div.mr a{color:#06839c; font-size:0.93rem;} div.mr a:hover{text-decoration:underline !important;} div.mr .sall{color: #06839c !important; text-decoration: underline !important;} .metinshow{color: #06839c !important} .srchp:hover{color:#0e6779 !important;}*/ /* new alert */ /*#header_container{top:45px !important;} .body_container{margin-top:45px !important;}*/ .alert-warning { display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center; color: #856404; background-color: #fff3cd; padding: 10px 15px; text-align: center; } .alert-content { flex: 1; padding: 0 10px; } .alert-close { flex: 0; padding-left: 10px; cursor: pointer; } .alert-close:hover { color: #c69500; } </style>  <div id="header_container" style="position:fixed; top:0px !important;"> <div class="centered" id="menu"> <div class="static_position pure-g" > <div class="pure-u-13-24 hdr-left"> <div class="header_left"> <ul class="dia-navul"> <li class="header_menu hover-menu-button" style="margin-right:8px; line-height:0px; margin-top:18px; margin-left:-7px "> <img src="https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/assets/w/images/layouts/controls/blue-dot-menu-masaustu.png" /> <div class="hover-menu" style="left:10px; right:none; top: 47px;"> <div style="position:relative"> <img class="menu-top-arrow" src="https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/assets/w/images/layouts/controls/hover-menu-arrow.png?ver=2" style="position:absolute; top:-9px; left:5px" /> <ul> <a href="/genel_kisaltmalar"><li class="hover_menu_first">Genel Kısaltmalar</li></a> <a href="/transkripsiyon_isaretleri"><li>Transkripsiyon İşaretleri</li></a> <a href="/duyuru/arama-kilavuzu"><li>Arama Kılavuzu</li></a> <a href="/duyurular"><li>Duyurular</li></a> <a href="/hakkinda/"><li style="border-bottom:none;">TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi Hakkında</li></a> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="header_logo" style="border-right:none; position:relative"> <a href="/" id="logo-part"> <img src="https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/assets/w/images/layouts/dia-yatay-logo.svg" style="height:28px; width:318px;" /> </a> <div id="header-article" style="display:none"> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="pure-u-11-24 hdr-right"> <div class="header_right"> <ul class="dia-navul right"> <li class="header_search" style="padding:0px; margin-right:-2px;"> <span class="icon-search tipsoo tbottom tipso_style" style="background: #0093c1 !important; color: #fff !important;position:absolute;right:9px;top:16px;" id="icon-search-submit" data-width="175" data-tipso="Madde başlıklarında ara."></span> <span class="icon-search tipso tbottom tipso_style" style="background:transparent;color: #DF6F49 !important;position:absolute;right: 50px;top:17px;font-size: 1.1rem; " id="icon-search-submit-txt" data-width="175" data-tipso="Madde içeriklerinde ara."></span> <img class="open-keyboard" src="https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/assets/w/images/layouts/controls/input-keyboard.png" /> <input id="searchBox" class="searchBox" style="width:490px; line-height:normal; height:45px; padding-right:55px;" type="text" value='' placeholder="TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi'nde ara..." autocomplete="off"/> <div id="auto-suggest-box"> <input autocomplete="off" id="auto-suggest-state" style="display:none" /> <img src='https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/assets/w/images/icons/loading.gif' id="auto-suggest-loading" /> <div id="auto-suggest-content"></div> </div> <style> .open-keyboard{position: absolute; right: 90px; top: 27px; opacity: 0.3; cursor:pointer} .open-keyboard:hover{opacity:0.8} .dia-keyboard {display:none; background:#fff; border:1px solid #ddd; padding:20px 15px 15px 15px; position:absolute; top:10px; left:-490px; width:485px; line-height:0px; border-radius:3px;} .dia-keyboard ul{list-style:none; margin:0px; padding:0px; clear:both} .dia-keyboard ul li{float:left; width:30px; height:27px; text-align:center; border: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.1); background-color: #f5f5f5; border-radius:2px; margin:2px; line-height:27px; cursor:pointer; font-size:15px;} .dia-keyboard ul li:hover{background:#ddd;} .dia-keyboard .shift{width:45px; font-size:13px; font-weight:bold} .dia-keyboard .close-keyboard{position: absolute;right: 10px; top: 10px; font-weight: bold; color: #666; cursor: pointer;} </style> <div class="dia-keyboard"> <img src="https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/assets/w/images/layouts/controls/keyboard-arrow.png" style="line-height:0px;position:absolute; right:-5px;" /> <span class="close-keyboard">x</span> <ul> <li hb=""" hk=""">"</li> <li hb="1" hk="1">1</li> <li hb="2" hk="2">2</li> <li hb="3" hk="3">3</li> <li hb="4" hk="4">4</li> <li hb="5" hk="5">5</li> <li hb="6" hk="6">6</li> <li hb="7" hk="7">7</li> <li hb="8" hk="8">8</li> <li hb="9" hk="9">9</li> <li hb="0" hk="0">0</li> <li hb="*" hk="*">*</li> <li hb="-" hk="-">-</li> </ul> <ul style="margin-left:10px;"> <li hb="Q" hk="q">q</li> <li hb="W" hk="w">w</li> <li hb="E" hk="e">e</li> <li hb="R" hk="r">r</li> <li hb="T" hk="t">t</li> <li hb="Y" hk="y">y</li> <li hb="U" hk="u">u</li> <li hb="I" hk="ı">ı</li> <li hb="O" hk="o">o</li> <li hb="P" hk="p">p</li> <li hb="Ğ" hk="ğ">ğ</li> <li hb="Ü" hk="ü">ü</li> <li hb="," hk=",">,</li> </ul> <ul style="margin-left:25px"> <li hb="A" hk="a">a</li> <li hb="S" hk="s">s</li> <li hb="D" hk="d">d</li> <li hb="F" hk="f">f</li> <li hb="G" hk="g">g</li> <li hb="H" hk="h">h</li> <li hb="J" hk="j">j</li> <li hb="K" hk="k">k</li> <li hb="L" hk="l">l</li> <li hb="Ş" hk="ş">ş</li> <li hb="İ" hk="i">i</li> </ul> <ul> <li hb="abc" hk="ABC" class="shift noletter">ABC</li> <li hb="Z" hk="z">z</li> <li hb="X" hk="x">x</li> <li hb="C" hk="c">c</li> <li hb="V" hk="v">v</li> <li hb="B" hk="b">b</li> <li hb="N" hk="n">n</li> <li hb="M" hk="m">m</li> <li hb="Ö" hk="ö">ö</li> <li hb="Ç" hk="ç">ç</li> <li hb="." hk=".">.</li> <li hb="abc" hk="ABC" class="shift noletter">ABC</li> </ul> <ul style="margin-left:65px;"> <li hb="Boşluk" hk="Boşluk" class="space noletter" style="width:280px;">Boşluk</li> <li hb="Sil" hk="Sil" class="delete back noletter" style="width:50px">Sil</li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script> $(document).ready(function () { // Focus search box when page load $('#searchBox').focus(); }); </script> <div id="scrollTop" title="Sayfanın başına dön." style="z-index:100000"> <span class="icon-chevron-up"></span> </div> <style> #newsbar_open{display:block ;} /* only this page */ .m-body{font-size:19px; line-height:28px; text-align:justify;} body{color:#494d55 !important} .inAtr{font-size:16px; color:#999 !important} @media screen { #print-part-temp { display: none;} .hdrprint{background:#ededed;} } @media print { #print-part-temp { display: block; padding:30px;} .hdrprint{background:#ededed; padding:5px; margin-bottom:20px; fonst-size:7px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd; } .dosyaindir{display:none} body{margin: 0mm 0mm 1mm 0mm; } } .copy-link{cursor:pointer} .copy-link:hover{opacity:0.5 !important;} #div_bilgi{padding-top:6px;} .atif-btn{cursor:pointer;} .atif-kutusu{cursor: default !important;} .article-pd{font-size:14px; color:#999; line-height:20px; margin-top:5px;} .fotorama__caption{text-align:center !important;} .fotorama__caption__wrap{background-color: rgba(255,255,255,.9) !important; } .fotorama__caption__wrap b{color:#E16327} .article-part{margin-bottom:60px;} .sterm{background:#E3FF91;} .m-content p{margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:17px;} .m-content bibl p{margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5px; line-height:22px; padding-left: 1.5em; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:17px;} .article-part-header{background:#f4f1f1; border-radius:1px; position:relative; margin-bottom:20px;} .article-part-header.kor-part{background-color:#f1f4f4 !important; } .article-part-header .yazim-arrow{position:absolute; bottom:-10px; left:20px; z-index:1} .part-author{padding-left:15px; line-height:55px} .part-title{display:none} .part-title a{color:#666} .part-authors{} .part-authors span{color:#888} .part-authors a{color:#0093b0} .part-info{padding-right:15px;text-align:right; padding-top:16px} /* .atif-btn{position:absolute; cursor:pointer; color:#0093B0; font-size:26px; right:2px; top:-31px} */ .atif-btn.psv{} /* .atif-btn.top{position:absolute; top:5px; right:0px;} .atif-btn.top .atif-kutusu{border-top:1px solid #ddd;} .atif-btn.top .ak-list{height:280px; overflow-y:auto; overflow-x:hidden;} */ .atif-kutusu{text-align:left; right:-0px; background:#F7F7F7; display:none; border: 1px solid #e4e4e4;padding:10px 20px 20px 20px; z-index:5; font-size:0.85rem; color:#777; margin-top:-1px;} .ak-title{border-bottom:1px solid #ddd; font-size:1.05rem !important; line-height:23px !important; padding-bottom: 5px; font-weight:bold;} .ak-muellif{line-height:18px; padding-top:9px;} .ak-site{line-height:18px; padding-top:9px;} .ak-yayinci{line-height:18px; padding-top:9px;} .ak-ilkyayin{line-height:18px; padding-top:9px;} .ak-adres{line-height:18px; padding-top:9px;} .ak-copy{border-top:1px solid #ddd; padding-top:10px; margin-top:10px;} .ak-copy span{background:#f9f9f9; color:#666; padding:4px 15px 4px 15px; border:1px solid #ddd; border-radius:2px; cursor:pointer} .ak-copy span:hover{background:#f1f1f1;} .ak-copytext{display:none; line-height:17px; padding-top:20px; padding-bottom:10px} .msg-btn{ cursor:pointer; font-size:28px; color: #967A7A; position: absolute; right: 34px; top: -32px;} .msg-btn a{color: #967A7A} .print-btn{float:right; cursor:pointer; font-size:20px; color: #967A7A; padding-top:1px;} .article-part-nav-info{position:absolute; background:#E98A5C; top:-33px; left:0px; list-style-type:none; margin:0px; padding:0px; color:#fff; border-radius:2px;} .article-nav-prev{cursor:pointer; padding:2px 4px 0px 5px; height:18px; float:left; line-height:0px; border-right:none} .article-nav-prev span, .article-nav-next span{font-size:11px;} .article-nav-prev.kor{border-right:1px solid #ddd;} .article-nav-next{cursor:pointer; padding:2px 4px 0px 4px; height:18px; float:left; line-height:0px;} .article-nav-next.kor{border-left:1px solid #ddd;} .article-nav-passive{cursor:default;} .article-nav-passive img{opacity:0.3; cursor:default;} .article-nav-prev.kor span, .article-nav-next.kor span{color:#afa1a1;} .article-nav-numbers{padding:0.15rem 12px 0 12px; line-height:25px; float:left; border-right:1px solid #F3BFA7; border-left:1px solid #F3BFA7; font-size:13px; font-weight:bold; letter-spacing: 3px;} .article-nav-open-info{cursor:pointer; padding:0 9px; height:21px; line-height:22px; float:left; border:none; font-size:13px; font-weight:bold;} .article-nav-info-li{float:left; height:21px; background:rgb(181, 164, 164); font-size:13px; line-height:21px; height:21px; padding:0 10px; display:none; border-top-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-right-radius: 2px;} .tipso_style{border-bottom:none !important;} .bibpos{position:absolute; color:#fff; font-size:1px;} .m-body span.eser{font-style:italic; text-justify: none; } .m-body span.kisaltma{text-justify: none;} .m-body bibl span.kisaltma{text-justify: none; border-bottom:dotted 2px #999; cursor:pointer} .m-body bibl span.eser.kisaltma{text-justify: none; border-bottom:dotted 2px #999; cursor:pointer} .m-body bibl{ margin-top: -17px !important; display: block; } .pop-title{font-weight:bold;} .article-left-bar{padding-bottom:0px !important; box-shadow:none !important; background:none !important; max-width: 68px;z-index: 1;} .rndleftbtn:hover{opacity:1 !important} .encokokunan{ background: #e4e8e8; width: 100px; /* padding: 2px 5px; */ text-align: center; border-radius: 2px; position: absolute; top: -25px; font-size: 0.80rem; padding: 2px 0px 3px 0px; font-weight: bold; color: #888; /* margin-top: 10px; */ } .encokokunan:hover{background:#dbdede; color:#666} .captcha-container > img { height: 38px; position: absolute } .captcha-container > .form-group { margin-left: 90px; } .error-box{background: #ff8585; padding: 7px 10px; font-weight: bold; color: #fff; margin-bottom: 20px; border-radius: 3px;} .success-box{background: #26b151; padding: 7px 10px; font-weight: bold; color: #fff; margin-bottom: 20px; border-radius: 3px;} .grecaptcha-badge { visibility: hidden; } .grecaptcha-badge.show { visibility: visible !important; z-index: 10000; } </style> <script src="https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/assets/w/js/vendor.jquery.print.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/assets/w/js/vendor.jquery.lazyload.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/assets/w/js/vendor.tipso.min.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/assets/w/css/vendor.fotorama.css"> <script src="https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/assets/w/js/vendor.fotorama.js"></script> <br /> <div class="centered body_container body_pad_article" style="position:relative"> <div class="print-meta visible-on-print" style="display: none;"> Maddenin TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’ndeki güncel elektronik versiyonuna erişmek için: <a title="ŞÂZ" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/saz--arap-dili?utm_source=pdf">https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/saz--arap-dili</a> </div> <div class="article_header_container" style="margin-bottom:25px; position:relative;">   <div class="article-left-bar"> <div class="pure-g bar-line" style=" background: #fff; padding-top: 5px; border-top-left-radius: 4px; border-top-right-radius: 4px; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);"> <div class="pure-u-1-2 bar-cell bleft"><span class="icon-align-left"></span></div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 bar-cell bright"><span class="icon-align-justify"></span></div> </div> <div class="pure-g bar-line" style="background: #fff; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);"> <div class="pure-u-1-2 bar-cell fup"><span id="txtup" class="icon-font up" style=""></span></div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 bar-cell bright"><span id="txtdown" class="icon-font down"></span></div> </div> <div class="pure-g bar-line-nav" style="background: #fff; padding-bottom: 5px; border-bottom-left-radius: 4px;border-bottom-right-radius: 4px; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);"> <div class="pure-u-1-2 bar-cell bleft"><span id="pagecolorSepia" ></span></div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 bar-cell bright"><span id="pagecolorWhite"></span></div> </div> <div class="pure-g bar-line-nav rndleftbtn tipso tright tipso_style" data-tipso="<i>TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi</i>'nden rastgele bir madde görmek için tıklayınız." data-width="200" style="border-bottom: none; border-radius:4px; margin-top:10px; background:#2FB556; opacity:0.85; border: 1px #5abb76 solid; text-align: center; padding: 7px 0 2px 0px; cursor:pointer; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);"> <div class="pure-u-1"><img src="https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/assets/w/images/icons/rastgele_beyaz.png" style="height:20px" /></div> </div> <div class="pure-g" style="display:none"> <div class="pure-u-1-2 bar-cell bleft"> <a href="sayi-hisse" class="tipso tright" data-width="200" data-tipso="Önceki madde: ŞÂYİ HİSSE"> <span class="icon-chevron-circle-left"></span> </a> </div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 bar-cell bright"> <a href="saz--hadis" class="tipso tright" data-tipso="Sonraki madde: ŞÂZ"> <span class="icon-chevron-circle-right"></span> </a> </div> </div> </div>  <style> .listen{width:15px; opacity:0.5; cursor:pointer} .listen:hover{opacity:1;} </style> <div class="article_title"><h1>ŞÂZ</h1></div> <div class="arabic_title">الشاذّ</div> <div class="article_info"><h2> <div style="padding-top:6px;"><span style="color:#e16328">Arap dili kurallarına, yaygın kullanıma, kıyasa aykırı olan kelime ve yapılar için kullanılan bir terim.</div> </h2> </div> </div> <div id="article-main-content" class="pure-g " style=""> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-15-24 sticky-content"> <div class="bibl-popup" style="display:none; position:absolute; padding:22px 24px 18px 18px; max-width:290px; background:#FEFEC6; z-index:1; box-shadow: 0 3px 10px rgba(0,0,0,.3);"> <img src="https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/assets/w/images/layouts/bibl-popup-arrow.png" style="position: absolute;top: -10px;" /> <span class="icon-close close-bibl-poup" style="position: absolute;top: 8px; right: 10px; font-size: 20px;cursor: pointer; color:#555"></span> <div class="bibl-cnt"></div> </div> <div class="m-body" id="m-body" style="font-size:; line-height:">  <style> body.sepya{background-color:rgb(241, 233, 215) !important} .art-plan{margin-bottom:30px;border:1px solid #ededed; border-radius:3px;} .art-plan.sepya{border: 1px solid #c5bead !important;} .article-plan-buttons{border-bottom:1px solid #ededed; overflow:hidden} .article-plan-buttons.sepya{border:none; border-bottom: 1px solid #c5bead !important;} .article-plan-buttons .passive:hover{border-bottom:3px solid #ededed; color:#333; cursor:pointer} .article-plan-buttons .passive{color:#999; border-bottom:none; font-weight:normal} .article-plan-buttons .active{color:#666; border-bottom:3px solid #ddd; font-weight:bold} .btn-plan, .btn-preview{padding-bottom:5px !important; padding-top:5px !important} .plan-content, .preview-content{ clear:both; font-size:15px; border-radius:3px;} .preview-span{background: #ededed;padding: 2px 8px; margin-right:10px; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1px;border-radius: 3px;} .preview-ul{list-style:none; padding:0px; margin:0px; height: 189px; overflow-y: auto; padding-right:15px;} .preview-ul li{padding-bottom:30px; line-height:22px; cursor:pointer; color:#777; width:100%;} .preview-ul li:hover{color:#888;} .ind2{padding-left:15px;} .ind3{padding-left:30px;} .ind4{padding-left:45px;} .ind5{padding-left:60px;} .ind6{padding-left:75px;} </style>  <style> .hdrprt1{border:1px solid #e4e4e4; border-radius:3px; margin-bottom:0px; position:relative} .hdrprt1.sepya{border: 1px solid #c5bead;} .hdrprt1arrows{border-bottom:1px solid #e4e4e4; overflow:hidden;background: #f4f1f1;} .hdrprt1arrows.sepya{border-bottom: 1px solid #c5bead;background: #e4ddcc;} .partnumbers{float:left; height:37px; font-size:0.90rem; letter-spacing: 3px; border-left:1px solid #ddd; border-right:1px solid #ddd; padding-left:12px; padding-right:12px; color:#007993; padding-top:5px;} .partnumbers.sepya{border-left:1px solid #c5bead; border-right:1px solid #c5bead;} .partdownarrow{float:left; height:37px; padding-top:4px; padding-left:12px; padding-right:12px;border-right:1px solid #ddd;} .partdownarrow.sepya{border-right:1px solid #c5bead;} .partprint{border-left:1px solid #e4e4e4; float:right;;height:37px; line-height:42px; padding-left: 14px; padding-right: 14px; cursor:pointer} .partprint.sepya{border-left:1px solid #c5bead} .partemail{border-left:1px solid #e4e4e4; float:right; line-height: 37px; padding: 1px 14px; cursor:pointer} .partemail.sepya{border-left:1px solid #c5bead;} .partatif{border-top-right-radius: 2px; float:right; border-left: 1px solid #e4e4e4; padding: 1px 14px; line-height: 37px;} .partatif.sepya{border-left: 1px solid #c5bead;} </style>  <div class="article-parts">  <div class="article-part" id="_1" style="position:relative"> <div class="print-meta" style="display: none;"> 1 bölümden oluşan maddenin 1. bölümüdür. Maddenin TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’ndeki güncel elektronik versiyonuna erişmek için: <a title="ŞÂZ" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/saz--arap-dili?utm_source=pdf#1">https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/saz--arap-dili#1</a> </div> <div class="hdrprt1"> <img class="partblt" src="https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/assets/w/images/layouts/part-header-arrow-down.png" style="position: absolute; bottom: -9px; left: 10px;" /> <div class="hdrprt1arrows"> <div style="float:right; height:37px"> <div class="partatif atif-btn psv tipso tbottom" style="margin-left: 0 !important;" data-tipso="Bu bölümün atıf bilgilerini görün ve kopyalayın."> <span style="color: #967A7A;"><i class="fas fa-quote-right"></i></span> </div> <div class="partemail tipso tbottom tipso_style" data-tipso="Bu madde/bölüm hakkında bildirimde bulunun."> <span class="feedback-btn" data-issue="ŞÂZ" style="color: #967A7A;font-size: 1.35rem;"> <i class="fas fa-exclamation-circle"></i> </span> </div> <div class="partprint print-btn tipso tbottom tipso_style" data-tipso="Bu maddeyi/bölümü yazdırın." > <span class="icon-printer2 printPart" style=" font-size: 1.4rem;"></span> </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 9px 10px; line-height:19px !important; text-align:left !important;"> <span class="part-authors" style="margin-right: 15px"> <span style="font-size:0.85rem; color:#666">Müellif: </span> <span style="font-size:0.85rem;"> <a href="/muellif/soner-gunduzoz"><b>SONER GÜNDÜZÖZ</b></a> </span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="atif-kutusu"> <div class="ak-title">ŞÂZ</div> <div class="ak-list"> <div class="ak-muellif"><b>Müellif: </b> <span class='val'>SONER GÜNDÜZÖZ</span> </div> <div class="ak-site"><b>Web Sitesi: </b><span class="val">TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi</span></div> <div class="ak-site"><b>Yayımcı: </b><span class="val">TDV İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi</span></div> <div class="ak-ilkyayin"><b>Baskı Tarihi: </b><span class="val">2010</span></div> <div class="ak-ilkyayin"><b>Erişim Tarihi: </b><span class="val">20.02.2025</span></div> <div class="ak-adres"><b>Web Adresi:</b><br/><span class="val"> https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/saz--arap-dili</span> </div> </div> <div class="ak-copytext" id="ak-copytext1"> SONER GÜNDÜZÖZ, "ŞÂZ", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/saz--arap-dili (20.02.2025). </div> <div class="ak-copy"><span>Kopyalama metni</span></div> </div> <div class="m-content" style="text-align:justify; position:relative; font-size:; line-height:; margin-top:15px; overflow-wrap: break-word;/*Long Word/URL Overflow*/"> <p>Sözlükte “genel kabule ve kurala aykırı olmak” anlamındaki <b>şezz</b> (<b>şüzûz</b>) kökünden türeyen <b>şâzz</b> Arap filolojisinde az veya çok kullanılmasına bakılmaksızın dil kurallarına yaygın kullanıma ve kıyasa aykırı olan kelime ve yapıları” ifade eder; i‘lâl kuralına uymayan <span class="arapca" dir="rtl">”قود“</span> (kısas) kelimesi, ism-i tafdîl anlamında kullanılan <span class="arapca" dir="rtl">”خَيْر“</span> ve <span class="arapca" dir="rtl">”شرّ“</span> kelimeleri (kıyasîleri <span class="arapca" dir="rtl">أخَيْرَ</span> ve <span class="arapca" dir="rtl">أشَرَّ</span>) gibi. Kıyasa muhalif olsun veya olmasın az kullanılan kelimeler ayrı bir grupta değerlendirilerek “nâdir” (çoğulu nevâdir) adını alırken (<span class="arapca" dir="rtl">خزعال</span> aksaklık, topallık gibi) sübûtu tartışmalı kelimeler “zaîf” diye anılmıştır (<span class="arapca" dir="rtl">قِرطاس</span> [kâğıt] yerine kullanılan <span class="arapca" dir="rtl">قُرطاس</span> gibi; Tehânevî, I, 817). Arapça’da geçer nitelikteki kelimeler “muttarid” (tekdüze sürüp giden, kıyas ve kullanılış açısından düzenli) şeklinde anılıp dilde ideal yapı ve kelimeler diye kabul edilmiş, dil kurallarının oluşturulmasında bunlar temel alınmıştır (İbn Cinnî, I, 97); bunların dışındaki kullanımlar şâz sayılmıştır. Meselâ bazı şiirlerde <span class="arapca" dir="rtl">”أٰجَلَّ“</span> kelimesinin idgam kuralına aykırı olarak <span class="arapca" dir="rtl">”أَجْللَ“</span> biçiminde yer alması şâzdır (<span class="kisaltma" data-ad="suyuti-el-muzhir">Süyûtî, <i>el-Müzhir</i></span>, I, 187). Kıyasa ve kurala aykırılığın bir kelimenin fesahatini bozup bozmayacağı konusunda dilciler arasında tam bir görüş birliği yoktur. Bunun sebebi Kur’an’da da -<span class="arapca" dir="rtl">”سرير“</span>in (karyola, divan) çoğulu olarak <span class="arapca-ayet" dir="rtl">”سُرُرٍ“</span> kelimesi gibi (el-Hicr 15/47)- genel dil kurallarıyla açıklanamayacak kelimelerin bulunmasıdır. Gerçi Arap filolojisinin kendi sistematiği içinde geliştirdiği, sıklık, işleklik ve kullanım değerlerini ifade eden garîb, zaîf, münker, redî, mezmûm, hûşî, nevâdir, şevârid, metruk vasıflarıyla anılan ve kaybolmuş, kaybolmaya yüz tutmuş ya da kusurlu kelimeleri mevcuttur. Ancak şâzzın bu sınıflar içinde değerlendirilmesi uygun görülmemiştir (<i>a.g.e.</i>, I, 214-225). Bununla birlikte bir kelime veya bir yapının herkesin kabul ettiği dil kuralına aykırı olması halinde Kur’an’da yer aldığı takdirde şâz sayılması, fakat böyle bir kelimenin Kur’an dışında bir metinde geçmesi durumunda aykırılık herkesin kabul ettiği bir kuralla ilgili ise memnû, çoğunluğun birleştiği kurala uymuyorsa şâz sayılacağı şeklinde bir ilke benimsenmiştir (Tehânevî, I, 817). </p><p> Şâz kıyas ve semâa dayalı olarak üç grupta değerlendirilmiştir. <b>1.</b> Kıyasa uygun, fakat kullanımda yeri bulunmayan veya nâdir olan yapı ve kelimeler; kıyasen mümkün olduğu halde <span class="arapca" dir="rtl">”يذر، يدع“</span> (terkeder) fiillerinin mâzilerinin kullanılmaması gibi. <b>2.</b> Dilde kullanılmakla birlikte hiçbir dil kuralına bağlanamayan yapı ve kelimeler; <span class="arapca" dir="rtl">”اِسْتَنْوَقَ“</span> (erkek deve dişi gibi oldu), <span class="arapca" dir="rtl">”اِسْتَصْوَبَ“</span> (doğru buldu), <span class="arapca" dir="rtl">”أَخْوصَ</span> (hurma ağacı yapraklandı) fiilleri gibi. <b>3.</b> Teoride ve pratikte karşılığı olmayan veya dilde sadece istisnaî olarak bulunan yapı ve kelimeler. Meselâ i‘lâl kuralına göre “masûn, maûd” şeklinde dilde kabul görmüş kelimelerin “masvûn, ma‘vûd” biçiminde kullanımları böyledir. Bu kullanımdan hareketle kural çıkarılamayacağı gibi dilde bu şekildeki bir kullanıma seyrek rastlanır (İbn Cinnî, I, 97-100; <span class="kisaltma" data-ad="suyuti-el-muzhir">Süyûtî, <i>el-Müzhir</i></span>, I, 227-230; Münâ İlyas, s. 81-84). Birinci ve ikinci gruba dahil şâzlar semâ ile sınırlandığından bunlara kıyas edilerek başka yapı ve kullanımlar üretilemez. </p><p> Şâz yapı ve kelimeler özellikle şiirlerde çok miktarda kullanılmıştır. Basralılar bunları “câiz fi’ş-şi‘r” ve “zarûret”, Kûfeliler “câiz” ve “sâiğ fi’s-semâ‘” adıyla anmıştır (M. Hamâse Abdüllatîf, s. 113). Zaruretin tanımı ve kapsamı konusunda tam bir mutabakat sağlanamamış, fakat genel olarak zaruretle şiir, mesel ve secili nesirde dil kurallarına aykırı kullanımlar kastedilmiştir (Abdülkādir el-Bağdâdî, I, 14; III, 353). Ayrıca zaruretin herhangi bir lehçede karşılığının olması da şart koşulmuştur (Iványi, sy. 3-4 [1991], s. 208). Şiir dışında şâz unsurların kullanılıp kullanılmayacağı dilciler tarafından tartışılmıştır. Başta Halîl b. Ahmed ve Sîbeveyhi olmak üzere Basralı dilciler bir konuda ekser ve işlek olana kıyası uygun görürken Kûfeli dilci Ali b. Hamza el-Kisâî bazan dilde bir iki misali bulunan kullanım şekillerini onaylamıştır (Abdülfettâh Hasan Ali el-Becce, s. 77). Aynı şekilde Ahfeş el-Evsat semâ ile tesbit edilmeyen, ancak kıyasla mümkün olan şeye cevaz verilebileceğini söylemiştir (Münâ İlyas, s. 109). Bu bağlamda dilde duyulmamış bir şeyi kuralın kapsamına sokmak ve meselâ <span class="arapca" dir="rtl">”جعلته يظن“</span> (zannettirdim) yerine <span class="arapca" dir="rtl">”أظننته“</span> demek Ahfeş’e göre kıyasen câizdir (Radî el-Esterâbâdî, I, 84). İbn Cinnî ise şiirin dışında, dilde karşılığı olmayan bir şeyi sırf kıyasa dayanıp kullanmanın ve dilde bilinçli şekilde şâzlar üretmenin uygun sayılmayacağı görüşündedir, çünkü bir usul kaidesi olarak semâ kıyası iptal eder (<span class="eser">el-Ḫaṣâʾiṣ</span>, I, 124-125, 396). Sîbeveyhi de ceyyid bir vecih varken zaruret ve şâzzın temel alınamayacağını, münker ve şâzdan kural çıkarılamayacağını söyler (<span class="eser">el-Kitâb</span>, I, 294, 398). Dilde kendiliğinden oluşan şâzlar ise bir şeyin bir konuda diğerine benzemesi, buna bağlı olarak birincinin hükmünü alması (tedrîcü’l-luga) gerekçesiyle makbul istisnaî kullanımlar sayılmış, fakat dil kurallarının belirlenmesinde bunlara itibar edilmemiştir (İbn Cinnî, I, 347). Meselâ <span class="arapca" dir="rtl">صبوت</span> (âşık oldum, özledim, meylettim) fiiline dayanan ve <span class="arapca" dir="rtl">”صبيّ“</span>in (bebek, çocuk) çoğulu olan “sıbyân” ve “sıbye” kelimelerinin yâ sesli kullanımları kuraldan kaynaklanan bir gereklilik değilse de dilde işlek olduklarından yanlış sayılmamıştır (<i>a.g.e.</i>, I, 349). Arap gramerinin her alanında şâz kullanımlara rastlamak mümkündür, fakat bunların çoğu sarfla ilgilidir. Meselâ ecvef fiillerin temel kullanım şeklinden ayrılan <span class="arapca" dir="rtl">”حوِل، عوِر، صيِد“</span> (şaşı oldu, bir gözü kör oldu, eğri boyun oldu) fiilleri şâzdır (Münâ İlyas, s. 81). Kıraat ilminde sıhhat şartlarından en az birini taşımayan kıraate şâz kıraat denilmiştir (bk. <a href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/kiraat--ilim" target="_blank">KIRAAT</a>). </p><bibl><br/><span class='bibliyografya'>BİBLİYOGRAFYA</span><p><span class="kisaltma" data-ad="lisanul-arab"><i>Lisânü’l-ʿArab</i></span>, “şẕẕ” md.</p><p><span class="kisaltma" data-ad="tehanevi-kessaf">Tehânevî, <i>Keşşâf</i></span>, I, 817.</p><p><span class="kisaltma" data-ad="kamus-tercumesi"><i>Kāmus Tercümesi</i></span>, II, 89-90.</p><p>Sîbeveyhi, <span class="eser">el-Kitâb</span> (nşr. Abdüsselâm M. Hârûn), Kahire 1977, I, 294, 398.</p><p>İbn Cinnî, <span class="eser">el-Ḫaṣâʾiṣ</span> (nşr. M. Ali en-Neccâr), Kahire 1952, I, 96-100, 124-125, 347, 349, 396.</p><p>İbn Fâris, <span class="eser">eṣ-Ṣâḥibî</span> (nşr. Mustafa eş-Şüveymî), Beyrut 1382/1963, s. 67-77.</p><p>Radî el-Esterâbâdî, <span class="eser">Şerḥu’ş-Şâfiye</span> (nşr. Muhammed Nûr el-Hasan v.dğr.), Beyrut 1395/1975, I, 84.</p><p>Süyûtî, <span class="eser">el-İḳtirâḥ fî ʿilmi uṣûli’n-naḥv</span> (nşr. Ahmed Subhi Furat), İstanbul 1395/1975, s. 29-31.</p><p>a.mlf., <span class="eser kisaltma" data-ad="suyuti-el-muzhir">el-Müzhir</span>, I, 187, 214-240.</p><p><span class="kisaltma" data-ad="abdulkadir-el-bagdadi-hizanetul-edeb">Abdülkādir el-Bağdâdî, <i>Ḫizânetü’l-edeb</i></span>, I, 14; III, 353.</p><p>Münâ İlyâs, <span class="eser">el-Ḳıyâs fi’n-naḥv</span>, Dımaşk 1405/1985, s. 81-84, 109, 174, 179.</p><p>M. Semîr Necîb el-Lebdî, <span class="eser">Muʿcemü’l-muṣṭalaḥâti’n-naḥviyye ve’ṣ-ṣarfiyye</span>, Beyrut 1405/1985, s. 113-114.</p><p>M. Hamâse Abdüllatîf, <span class="eser">Luġatü’ş-şiʿr</span>, Kahire 1996, s. 113.</p><p>Abdülfettâh Hasan Ali el-Becce, <span class="eser">Ẓâhiretü ḳıyâsi’l-ḥaml</span>, Amman 1419/1998, s. 77, 432-467.</p><p>İsmail Hakkı Sezer, <span class="eser">Arap Şiirinde Zarûret</span>, Konya 2000, s. 12, 16.</p><p>Ahmed Teymur Paşa, <span class="eser">es-Semâʿ ve’l-ḳıyâs</span>, Kahire 1421/2001, s. 16-17.</p><p>Ali Müzhir M. el-Yâsirî, <span class="eser">el-Fikrü’n-naḥvî ʿinde’l-ʿArab</span>, Beyrut 1423/2003, s. 223-226.</p><p>Hadîce el-Hadîsî, “el-ʿİlletü’n-naḥviyye ve medâ ẓuhûrihâ fî Kitâbi Sîbeveyhi”, <span class="eser">Mecelletü Külliyyeti’l-âdâb ve’t-terbiye</span>, sy. 3-4, Küveyt 1973, s. 25-55.</p><p>Tamas Iványi, “Ḳad yecûz fi’ş-şiʿr”, <span class="eser">The Arabist: Budapest Studies in Arabic</span>, sy. 3-4, Budapest 1991, s. 208.</p><p>Zülfikar Tüccar, “Kıyas”, <span class="kisaltma" data-ad="dia"><i>DİA</i></span>, XXV, 539-540.</p></bibl> <div class="article-ps" style="position: relative; padding-left: 40px; margin-top:10px;"> <div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 7px;"><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="dosyaindir" href="https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/dosya/38/C38012579.pdf"><img src="https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/assets/w/images/layouts/pdf-download-icon.png" style="height: 40px;"></a></div> <i> Bu madde TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 2010 yılında İstanbul’da basılan 38. cildinde, 384 numaralı sayfada yer almıştır. <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="dosyaindir" onclick="pdfStat('ŞÂZ', 'saz--arap-dili', '1', 'C38012579.pdf');" href="https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/dosya/38/C38012579.pdf">Matbu nüshayı pdf dosyası olarak indirmek için tıklayınız.</a> </i> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-9-24 sticky-sidebar" style="padding-left:50px;">  <style> .ltfolcont{text-align:center; border: 1px dashed #e5774280; border-radius: 3px; padding: 13px 20px; font-size:0.9rem; margin-bottom: 30px; overflow: hidden; line-height:1.25rem;color:#777;} .ltfolcont span a{font-weight:bold; font-size:1.2rem; color:#e57742; line-height:1.2rem} .ltfolcont span a:hover{text-decoration:underline !important;} .ltfol:hover > div.ltfolcont{background:#f9f1f1;} </style> <div class="rg-container"> <h2 class="visible-on-print">Görseller</h2> <div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="print-part-temp"></div> <div id="print-part-temp-top"></div> <div class="modal" id="issue-modal"> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="modal-box"> <div class="close-button"> <span class="icon-close"></span> </div> <div class="modal-top"> <span>TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi Madde Bildirim Formu</span> </div> <div class="modal-container"> <div style="width:540px; margin:0 auto;"> <div style="color:#777; font-size:17px; padding-bottom:10px; font-weight:bold;"></div> <div class="error-box" style="display: none;"></div> <div class="success-box" style="display: none;"></div> <div style="font-size:17px; color:#ef2f2f; padding: 0 0 15px 0; text-align:left; line-height:21px;"> Bu form aracılığıyla, sadece <strong id="issue-modal-madde">OSMANLILAR//8-mali-yapi</strong> maddesi ile alakalı mesajların iletilmesi rica olunur. TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi'nin elektronik sürümü hakkındaki diğer hususların ise <a href="/iletisim-formu">İletişim Formu</a> aracılığıyla iletilmesi rica olunur. </div> <form id="modal-issue-form" method="post"> <div> <input name="bildirim-madde-adi" placeholder="Madde adı" value="" style="visibility:hidden; display:none;"> <input type="text" id="ref-url" name="ref-url" style="visibility:hidden; display:none;" value="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/saz--arap-dili"> <input type="text" id="issue-g-token" name="g-token" hidden/> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="bildirim-bildirim">Bildiriminiz <span style="color: red">*</span></label> <textarea class="form-control" name="bildirim-bildirim" style="max-height: 25vh; min-height: 100px;" placeholder="Ayrıntılı olarak bildiriminizi giriniz." id="bildirim-bildirim" required></textarea> </div> <div style="font-weight:bold; font-size:15px; color:#666; padding:5px 0 10px 0;">İletişim bilgileriniz</div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="bildirim-ad-soyad">Adınız ve Soyadınız <span style="color: red">*</span></label> <input type="text" class="form-control" name="bildirim-ad-soyad" placeholder="Örn: Ahmet Sönmezgül" id="bildirim-ad-soyad" value="" required> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="bildirim-eposta">E-Posta <span style="color: red">*</span></label> <input type="email" class="form-control" name="bildirim-eposta" placeholder="isim@ornek.com" id="bildirim-eposta" value="" required> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="bildirim-telefon">Telefon Numarası</label> <input type="tel" class="form-control" name="bildirim-telefon" placeholder="05XXXXXXXX" id="bildirim-telefon" value=""> </div> <p style="font-size: 12px;">Değişiklikleriniz taslak olarak tarayıcınıza kayıt edilir. Kapatıp daha sonra devam edebilirsiniz.</p> <div style="text-align: center"> <input id="modal-issue-submit" type="submit" class="tdv-btn tdv-btn-primary" style="min-width: 200px" value="Gönder" /> </div> </form> <div class="modal-loading"> <img src="https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/assets/w/images/icons/loading.gif"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="fotorama" class="fotorama" data-nav="thumbs" data-allowfullscreen="true" data-auto="false" style="display:none"> </div> <div id="header-article-html" style="display:none"> <div id="header-article-html-code"> <style> .ults{margin:0px; padding:0px; list-style:none;} .ults li{float:left;} .icon-list-ul{cursor:pointer;} .icon-list-ul:hover{color:#777 !important;} </style> <ul class="ults"> <li> <a href="/"> <img src="https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/assets/w/images/layouts/logo_2.svg" style="height:39px !important;"> </a> </li> <li style="padding-left:20px"><span style="font-weight:bold; color:#888; font-size:18px;">ŞÂZ</span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="copyright-text" class="centered" style="margin: 0px auto; padding: 30px 20px 0px 20px; color: #888; font-size: 14px; line-height:23px;"> <b>Her hakkı mahfuzdur.</b> <i>TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’</i>nin her türlü telif hakkı TDV İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi’ne ait olup 5846 sayılı Kanun hükümlerine tâbidir. <i>TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi</i> internet sayfalarındaki yazıların bütün olarak elektronik ya da matbu bir ortamda yayımlanması yasaktır; ancak kaynak gösterilmesi (<i>TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi</i> internet sitesinde yer aldığının ifade edilmesi) ve doğrudan aktif bağlantı verilmesi şartıyla yazılardan kısa bölümler iktibas edilebilir. <i>TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi</i> internet sayfalarında yer alan resim, fotoğraf, grafik, çizim, cetvel vs. her türlü görüntü malzemesinin başka bir ortamda yayımlanması kesinlikle yasaktır. </div> <script src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?render=6LenMjsaAAAAAP4m20J-NZT5_qtR9G8xQte1u-QS"></script> <style> #fcilt div{padding:3px 5px 3px 5px;} .flink{line-height:25px;} .flink:hover{text-decoration:underline !important;} .footer-box-alert:hover{text-decoration:underline;} .footer-container { margin-top: auto; padding-top: 40px; } .footer-content { background: #484848; padding-bottom: 50px; } .footer-top-border { background: #e2e2e2; color: #666; border-top: 1px solid #C8C8C8; border-bottom: 1px solid #C8C8C8; color: color: #777; padding-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 20px; } .footer-top-border a div{color:color:#777;} .motto-link:hover span{text-decoration:underline} .footer-bottom-link a:hover{text-decoration:underline !important; color:#333} .footer-logo-container img{opacity:0.9} .footer-logo-container img:hover{opacity:1} .footer-copy{opacity:0.9} .footer-copy:hover{opacity:1} .bbtns a > div{padding:11px 20px 11px 20px ; font-size:0.93rem; font-weight:bold; border-radius:3px; margin-left:15px; margin-right:15px;position:relative; opacity:0.9} .bbtns a > div:hover{opacity:1} .randombtn{font-size:0.95rem; font-weight:bold; border-radius:3px; margin-left:15px; margin-right:15px; background:#2FB556; color: #FFF; border:1px solid #f4a76b70; padding:10px 20px; text-align:center; text-shadow: 1px 0px 0px #407588;letter-spacing: 0.04rem;opacity:0.85; position:relative } .randombtn img{position:absolute; height:24px; margin-top:-2px;} .randombtn span{margin-left:40px;} .randombtn:hover{opacity:1} .btnarr{position:absolute; top:0; right:0; bottom:0; background:rgba(29, 48, 55, 0.6); border-top-right-radius: 3px;border-bottom-right-radius: 3px;padding: 7px 12px 10px 12px;font-size: 1.2rem;color: #fff !important; } .btnar{background: #4CAFD2;color: #fff;text-shadow: 1px 0px 0px #407588;letter-spacing: 0.04rem;} .as-tabs{overflow:hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid #fbcbb2; border-top: 1px solid #fbcbb2; padding-left:15px; padding-right:15px; } .as-tabs div.as span{font-size:1rem;} .as-tabs div.as{padding: 9px 10px; float:left; text-align:center} .as-tabs div.as.act{border-bottom: 2px solid #D97A4A;} .as-tabs .as .txt{color:#676767; font-weight:bold; font-size:0.97rem} .as-tabs .as.act .txt{} .as-tabs .as .txt span{color:#676767;} .as-tabs .as.act .txt span{color:#D97A4A} .as-tabs .as.psv{cursor:pointer;} .as-tabs span.txtcount{font-size:0.75rem !important;} div.mr{} </style> <div class="footer-container"> <div class="footer-content"> <div class="footer-top-border" style="border-top:2px solid #dedddd; background-color:#f8f8f8; padding-top:30px;"> <div class="centered" style="font-size:1.2rem; color:#666; position:relative; text-align:center; background:#f7f7f7; padding:20px 0px; border-radius:3px; border:1px dashed #ddd;"> Otuz üç yıllık birikim, yeni yüz: TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi İnternet sitesi test yayınında. <a href="/hakkinda.php" style="color:#bd6338" class="motto-link"> <span style="color:#0093b0"> Daha fazla bilgi</span> </a> </div> <div class="centered bbtns" style=" padding:25px 20px 5px 20px"> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1-3"><a href="/dosyalar"><div class="btnar">DOSYALAR<div class="btnarr">»</div></div></a></div> <div class="pure-u-1-3"><a href="/sergi-arsivi"><div class="btnar">SERGİ ARŞİVİ<div class="btnarr">»</div></div></a></div>  <div class="pure-u-1-3"><div class="randombtn"><img src="https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/assets/w/images/icons/rastgele_beyaz.png" /><span>RASTGELE</span></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="centered" style="margin-top: 50px;"> <div class="centered_container footer-logo-container" style="text-align:center;"> <a href="http://www.diyanet.gov.tr" target="_blank"> <img src="https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/assets/w/images/layouts/diyanet-isleri-baskanligi-logo.png?t=1" style="border:none; height:140px;" /> </a> <a href="http://www.isam.org.tr/" class="flink" target="_blank"> <img src="https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/assets/w/images/layouts/isam-logo.png" style="border:none; height:140px; margin: 0 80px;" /> </a> <a href="http://tdv.org/" target="_blank"> <img src="https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/assets/w/images/layouts/tdv-logo.png" style="border:none; height:140px;" /> </a> </div> <div class="centered_container footer-bottom-link" style="text-align:center; padding-top:40px; color:#fff"> <b>Her hakkı mahfuzdur.</b> 2016-2025 TDV İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi <span>|</span> <a href="/kullanim_sartlari.php" class="footer-copy" style="color:#fff">Kullanım Şartları</a> <span>|</span> <a href="/iletisim-formu" class="footer-copy" style="color:#fff">İletişim Formu</a> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <style> .rnd-left-img{text-align:center; padding-top:10px;} .rnd-left-img img{max-width:450px; max-height:300px; border-radius: 4px;} .rnd-title{font-size: 1.5rem;font-weight: bold; color: #777; text-align:center} .rnd-tanitim{color: #e16328; padding-top:2px; text-align:center; padding-left:20px; padding-right:20px;} .boxcontainer{overflow: hidden; margin: 20px; border: 1px dashed #c5c5c5; padding: 15px; border-radius: 5px; min-height:190px;} .rnd-goto {padding-top:15px;} .rnd-goto a{color:#897898;} .lightboxrernd{ width: 280px; background: #977898; padding: 7px 25px 8px 25px; margin: 0 auto; text-align: center; color: #fff; border-radius: 200px; opacity: 0.9; cursor:pointer; } .randombtn{cursor:pointer;} .rnd-author{padding-top:10px; font-size:0.9rem; color:#777} .rnd-author span{font-weight: bold; color: #999;} .rnd-kunye{color: #777; font-size: 0.95rem; text-align:center} .random-modal { background-color: #0000004f; text-align: center; z-index: 10000000; top: 0; bottom: 0; left: 0; right: 0; position: fixed; display: none; } .random-modal-container { position: absolute; top: 50%; left: 50%; transform: translate(-50%, -50%); background-color: white; max-width: 660px; max-height: 90%; width: 660px; margin: 0 auto; text-align:left; border:1px solid #ccc; border-top:none; border-radius: 5px; -moz-border-radius: 5px; -webkit-border-radius: 5px; box-shadow:0 0 5px #ccc; -moz-box-shadow:0 0 5px #ccc; -webkit-box-shadow:0 0 5px #ccc; z-index:1000001; padding-bottom: 20px; } .icon-close { position: absolute; right: 10px; top: 10px; color: #888; cursor: pointer; } .random-modal-box { overflow: hidden; margin: 20px; border: 1px dashed #c5c5c5; padding: 15px; border-radius: 5px; } .random-modal-random { font-size: 0.95rem; font-weight: bold; border-radius: 3px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; background: #2FB556; color: #FFF; border: 1px solid #f4a76b70; padding: 10px 20px; text-align: center; text-shadow: 1px 0 0 #407588; letter-spacing: 0.04rem; opacity: 0.85; position: relative; display: inline-block; cursor: pointer; user-select: none; overflow: hidden; } .random-modal-random:hover { opacity: .95; } .random-modal-random:active { opacity: 1; } .random-modal-random img { position: absolute; height: 24px; margin-top: -2px; } .random-modal-random span { margin-left: 40px; } .random-modal-bottom { text-align: center; } .random-modal-box:hover { background-color: #f6f6f6; } .random-modal-box:active { background-color: #ebebeb; } </style> <div class="random-modal"> <div class="random-modal-container"> <span class="icon-close"></span> <div style="text-align:center;padding: 22px 25px 15px 25px; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; user-select: none;"><img src="https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/assets/w/images/icons/rastgele_popup_baslik.png" /></div> <div style="padding: 15px 25px; color:#777; background: #e6e5e5;text-align: center; user-select: none;"><i>TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi</i>'nden rastgele bir madde okumak ister misiniz?</div> <div class="lightboxrndarticle"></div> <div class="random-modal-bottom"> <div class="random-modal-random"> <img src="https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/assets/w/images/icons/rastgele_beyaz.png"> <span>BAŞKA BİR MADDE GÖSTER</span> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <style> .newsalertwrapper{position:fixed; left:0; right:0; bottom:0; top:0; background:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55); z-index:10000; display:none; } .newsalertbox{ position:relative; margin: 100px auto; width: 600px; background: #fff; border-radius: 6px; padding: 70px 40px 70px 40px; text-align: center;} .newsalertbox .hd1{ font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.45rem; color: #267893; padding-bottom: 30px; } .newsalertbox .hd2{ font-size: 1.15rem; color: #666; padding-bottom:20px; } .newsalertbox .hd3{ text-decoration: underline !important; font-size: 1.15rem; color:#0093b0; } .newsalertbox .hd3 .linkto{color:#0093b0; cursor:pointer;} .newsalertbox .hd4{padding-top: 30px; font-size: 1.05rem; color: #777; } .alertclose{ position:absolute; right:20px; top:18px; font-size: 1.7rem; color: #666; cursor:pointer; } </style>  <script> $('body').on("mousedown touchend", function(e){ var resultbox = $("#auto-suggest-box"); var inputbox = $("#searchBox"); var keyboard = $(".dia-keyboard"); if (!resultbox.is(e.target) && resultbox.has(e.target).length === 0 && !inputbox.is(e.target) && !keyboard.is(e.target) && keyboard.has(e.target).length === 0 ){ resultbox .hide(); /* $('#searchBox').css("background-color", "#f4f1f1"); $('#searchBox').css("border", "none"); */ } var container = $(".hover-menu"); var button = $(".hover-menu-button"); if (!container.is(e.target) && container.has(e.target).length === 0 && !button.is(e.target)){ container.hide(); //$('.hover-menu-button').css("background","#F7F4F4"); } }); $(document).ready(function() { $('.randombtn, .random-modal-random, .rndleftbtn').click(function(event){ $('.random-modal').show(); changeRndArticle(); jQuery("body").bind("scroll touchmove mousewheel DOMMouseScroll",function(e){ e.preventDefault(); return false; }); }); $('.lightboxrernd').click(function(event){ changeRndArticle(); }); $('.random-modal .icon-close').click(function(event){ $('.random-modal').hide(); jQuery("body").unbind('scroll touchmove mousewheel DOMMouseScroll'); }); function changeRndArticle(){ $.ajax({ url: "/ajax_search_auto.php?c=g&mdl=rnd&q=rnd", cache : false, success: function(result){ if(result.trim() == "") { alert("not"); }else{ $('.lightboxrndarticle').html(result); } } }); } /* $(document).mouseup(function (e) { var resultbox = $(".lightboxcontent"); var inputbox = $(".lightboxcontent .icon-close"); if (!resultbox.is(e.target) && resultbox.has(e.target).length === 0 && !inputbox.is(e.target) && inputbox.has(e.target).length === 0){ $('.lightboxbg').hide(); $('.lightboxcontent').hide(); $('body').css("overflow","visible"); } }); */ /* random madde */ /* tooltip size */ $('.tipso.tbottom').tipso({size: 'small', color: '#fff', width: 200, position: 'bottom', background: '#334350', maxWidth: 300}); $('.tipso.tleft').tipso({size: 'small', color: '#fff', width: 250, position: 'left', background: '#334350', maxWidth: 300}); $('.tipso.tright').tipso({size: 'small', color: '#fff', width: 250, position: 'right', background: '#334350', maxWidth: 300}); $('.tipso.ttop').tipso({size: 'small', color: '#fff', width: 250, position: 'top', background: '#334350', maxWidth: 300}); $(window).scroll(function() { if ($(this).scrollTop() > 500 ) { $("#scrollTop").show(); } else{ $("#scrollTop").hide(); } }); $('#scrollTop').click(function(){ $("html, body").animate({ scrollTop: "0px" }); var url_string = location.href; var clean_url = url_string.split('#', 1); history.pushState({}, document.title, clean_url ); }); /* search autocomplete events */ var is_search_page = 0; var sr_type = 'aa'; if(is_search_page == 0) { var delay = (function(){ var timer = 0; return function(callback, ms){ clearTimeout (timer); timer = setTimeout(callback, ms); }; })(); // pass url search type parameter to autosuggest box var strt = 'm'; if(strt == "y") sr_type = "y"; else if(strt == "m") sr_type = "aa"; else if(strt == "b") sr_type = "b"; else if(strt == "t") sr_type = "t"; else sr_type = "aa"; $('#searchBox').keyup(function(e) { // ignor arrow actions.. var keycode = (e.keyCode || e.which); if(keycode == 37 || keycode == 38 || keycode == 39 || keycode == 40) { return; } getType(1000); }); // bind copy past $('#searchBox').bind('paste', null, function(e) { getType(1000); }); // mouse out and in open results $('#searchBox').click(function(e) { var typed = $.trim($('#searchBox').val()); if(typed.length > 1){ if(!$('#auto-suggest-box').is(":visible")){ if($('#auto-suggest-content').html() != ""){ $('#auto-suggest-box').show(); } else{ getType(0); } } } }); function getType(times) { delay(function(){ var typed = $.trim($('#searchBox').val()); if(typed.length > 1) { autocomplete(typed ); } else { $("#auto-suggest-box").hide(); $("#auto-suggest-loading").hide(); } }, times ); } function autocomplete(typed) { $("#auto-suggest-content").html(''); $("#auto-suggest-box").show(); $("#auto-suggest-loading").show(); urlcd = encodeURI("/ajax_search_auto.php?sp=" + sr_type + "&=ac&q=" + typed); $.ajax({ url: urlcd, success: function(result) { gtag('config', 'UA-160819951-1', { 'page_title' : 'Arama - TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi', 'page_path': '/arama/?q=' + typed + '&p=autocomplete-' + sr_type, }); gtag('event', 'view_search_results', { 'search_term': typed, 'q_p': sr_type }); if(result.trim() == "") { $("#auto-suggest-box").hide(); $("#auto-suggest-loading").hide(); $("#auto-suggest-content").html('Sonuç bulunmadı.'); gtag('config', 'UA-160819951-1', { 'page_title' : 'Arama - TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi', 'page_path': '/arama/?q=' + typed + '&p=autocomplete-no-result-' + sr_type, }); gtag('event', 'view_search_results', { 'search_term': typed, 'q_p': 'autocomplete-no-result-' + sr_type }); }else{ $("#auto-suggest-loading").hide(); $("#auto-suggest-content").html(result); // getTxtNumbers(typed); // break span if ($("#auto-suggest-box").width() < 400 ) { $("#auto-suggest-box span.txt span").css("display","block"); $("#auto-suggest-box span.txt span.txtcount").css("display","inline"); } $(".header_search").find(".srchp").attr( "href", encodeURI( $(".header_search").find(".srchp").attr("href") ) ); $(".header_search").find(".as-t a").attr( "href", encodeURI( $(".header_search").find(".as-t a").attr("href") ) ); } } }); } function getTxtNumbers(typed){ $.ajax({ url: "/ajax_search_auto.php?mdl=txtdelay&q=" + typed, cache : false, success: function(result){ if(parseInt(result) > 0){ $('.txtcount').children('img').remove(); $('.txtcount').html(result); $('.txtcount').parent().parent().removeClass('n0').addClass('n' + result.trim()); $('.txtcount').removeClass('txtcount'); } else{ $('.txtcount').children('img').remove(); $('.txtcount').html(result); $('.txtcount').removeClass('txtcount'); } } }); } $("#auto-suggest-content").on("click", ".as-m.psv", function(){ $('.as-tabs .as').removeClass("act").addClass("psv"); $(this).parent().removeClass("psv").addClass("act"); sr_type = 'aa'; strt = 'm'; getType(10); }); $("#auto-suggest-content").on("click", ".as-y.psv", function(){ $('.as-tabs .as').removeClass("act").addClass("psv"); $(this).parent().removeClass("psv").addClass("act"); sr_type = 'y'; strt = 'y'; getType(10); }); $("#auto-suggest-content").on("click", ".as-b.psv", function(){ $('.as-tabs .as').removeClass("act").addClass("psv"); $(this).parent().removeClass("psv").addClass("act"); sr_type = 'b'; strt = 'b'; getType(10); }); $("#auto-suggest-content").on("click", ".as-t.psv", function(){ $('.as-tabs .as').removeClass("act").addClass("psv"); $(this).parent().removeClass("psv").addClass("act"); sr_type = 't'; strt = 't'; getType(10); }); } /* top menu hover */ $('.hover-menu-button').click(function(){ $(this).parent().find(".hover-menu").toggle(); //$(this).css("background","#ECE6E6"); }); /* search boxes silinecek $('.searchBoxyazar').keypress(function(e){ if(e.which == 13){//Enter key pressed var search = $(this).val(); window.location = '/muellif-arama/' + search;} }); $('.searchBoxBibl').keypress(function(e){ if(e.which == 13){//Enter key pressed var search = $(this).val(); window.location = '/bibliyografya_kisaltmalari/' + search;} }); */ $('.searchBox').keypress(function(e){ if(e.which == 13){ if($('#searc-complete-result a.selected').length == 0){ var search = encodeURI($(this).val()); window.location = '/arama/?q=' + search + '&p=' + strt; }else{ var target = $('#searc-complete-result a.selected').attr('href'); window.location = target; } } }); $('#icon-search-submit').click(function(){ var search = encodeURI($("#searchBox").val()); window.location = '/arama/?q=' + search; }); $('#icon-search-submit-txt').click(function(){ var search = encodeURI($("#searchBox").val()); window.location = '/arama/?p=t&q=' + search; }); $("#searchBox").keydown(function(e) { var searchbox = $(this); switch (e.which) { case 40: e.preventDefault(); // prevent moving the cursor if($('#searc-complete-result .alist a.selected').length == 0){ $('#searc-complete-result .alist a:first').addClass('selected'); }else{ $('#searc-complete-result .alist a:not(:last-child).selected').removeClass('selected').next().addClass('selected'); } break; case 38: e.preventDefault(); // prevent moving the cursor if($('#searc-complete-result a:first.selected').length == 1){ $('#searc-complete-result .selected').removeClass('selected'); } $('#searc-complete-result a:not(:first-child).selected').removeClass('selected').prev().addClass('selected'); break; } }); var isCapital = false; $('.dia-keyboard').click(function(event){ jQuery('#searchBox').focus(); }); $('.close-keyboard').click(function(event){ $('.dia-keyboard').hide(); $('.open-keyboard').css("opacity","0.3"); }); $('.open-keyboard').click(function(event){ if( $('.dia-keyboard').is(':visible') ){ $('.dia-keyboard').hide(); $('.open-keyboard').css("opacity","0.3"); } else{ $('.dia-keyboard').show(); $('.open-keyboard').css("opacity","0.8"); } }); function addCurrentLetter(letter) { var selStart = $("#searchBox")[0].selectionStart; var selEnd = $("#searchBox")[0].selectionEnd; var character = letter; var textAreaStr = $('#searchBox').val(); var value = textAreaStr.substring(0, selStart) + character + textAreaStr.substring(selEnd); $("#searchBox").val(value).focus(); $("#searchBox")[0].selectionStart = selStart+1, $("#searchBox")[0].selectionEnd = selStart+1; } function deleteCurrentLetter() { var selStart = $("#searchBox")[0].selectionStart; var selEnd = $("#searchBox")[0].selectionEnd; var textAreaStr = $('#searchBox').val(); var value = textAreaStr.substring(0, selStart-1) + textAreaStr.substring(selEnd); $("#searchBox").val(value).focus(); $("#searchBox")[0].selectionStart = selStart-1, $("#searchBox")[0].selectionEnd = selStart-1; } $('.shift').click(function(event){ $('.dia-keyboard ul li').each(function(){ if(isCapital){ $(this).text($(this).attr("hk")); } else{ $(this).text($(this).attr("hb")); } }); if(isCapital){ isCapital = false; }else{ isCapital = true; } }); $('.dia-keyboard ul li:not(.noletter)').click(function(event){ addCurrentLetter($(this).text()); $('#searchBox').keyup(); }); $('.dia-keyboard ul li.space').click(function(event){ addCurrentLetter(' '); $('#searchBox').keyup(); }); $('.dia-keyboard ul li.delete').click(function(event){ if($("#searchBox").val().length > 0){ deleteCurrentLetter(); $('#searchBox').keyup(); } }); /* volume close-open events */ $('#albhabet_button').click(function(){ $('.cz').hide(); $('.az').toggle(); $('#cilt_button').removeClass('arrow-selected'); $('#albhabet_button').toggleClass('arrow-selected'); letter_volumes_setter(); }); $('#cilt_button').click(function(){ $('.az').hide(); $('.cz').toggle(); $('#albhabet_button').removeClass('arrow-selected'); $('#cilt_button').toggleClass('arrow-selected'); letter_volumes_setter(); }); $('#close_alphabet_az').click(function(){ $('.az').hide(); $('#cilt_button').removeClass('arrow-selected'); $('#albhabet_button').removeClass('arrow-selected'); letter_volumes_setter(); }); $('#close_alphabet_cz').click(function(){ $('.cz').hide(); $('#cilt_button').removeClass('arrow-selected'); $('#albhabet_button').removeClass('arrow-selected'); letter_volumes_setter(); }); function letter_volumes_setter() { if( $('.az').is(":visible")){ set_public_cookie("lt=1&vl=0"); }else if($('.cz').is(":visible")){ set_public_cookie("lt=0&vl=1"); }else{ set_public_cookie("lt=0&vl=0"); } } /* newsbar */ if(!$('#newsbar_container').is(":visible")){ $('#newsbar_open').show(); } $('#newsbar_close').click(function(){ $('#newsbar_container').hide(); $('#newsbar_open').show(); set_public_cookie("nb=0"); }); $('#newsbar_open').click(function(){ $('#newsbar_container').show(); $('#newsbar_open').hide(); set_public_cookie("nb=1"); }); }); function set_public_cookie(parameter){ $.ajax({ url: "/cookie_setter.php?" + parameter, cache : false, success: function(result){ } }); } </script> </body> </html> <script> var fotoramaLoaded = 0; /* article image loading */ $(function() { $("img.lazy").lazyload(); }); /* article info selected text */ function SelectText(element) { var doc = document , text = doc.getElementById(element) , range, selection ; if (doc.body.createTextRange) { range = document.body.createTextRange(); range.moveToElementText(text); range.select(); } else if (window.getSelection) { selection = window.getSelection(); range = document.createRange(); range.selectNodeContents(text); selection.removeAllRanges(); selection.addRange(range); } } function url_redirect(options){ var $form = $("<form />"); $form.attr("action",options.url); $form.attr("method",options.method); for (var data in options.data) $form.append('<input type="hidden" name="'+data+'" value="'+options.data[data]+'" />'); $("body").append($form); $form.submit(); } function requestCaptcha() { grecaptcha.execute('6LenMjsaAAAAAP4m20J-NZT5_qtR9G8xQte1u-QS', {action: 'submit'}) .then(function (token) { $('#issue-g-token').val(token); }); } function lockModal(lock = true) { let notification = $('textarea[name=bildirim-bildirim]'); let name = $('input[name=bildirim-ad-soyad]'); let email = $('input[name=bildirim-eposta]'); let phone = $('input[name=bildirim-telefon]'); let code = $('input[name=bildirim-kodu]'); let submitBtn = $('#modal-issue-submit'); let loader = $('.modal-loading'); if (lock) { notification.prop('disabled', true); name.prop('disabled', true); email.prop('disabled', true); phone.prop('disabled', true); code.prop('disabled', true); submitBtn.hide(); loader.show(); } else { notification.prop('disabled', false); name.prop('disabled', false); email.prop('disabled', false); phone.prop('disabled', false); code.prop('disabled', false); submitBtn.show(); loader.hide(); } } function resizeFotorama(fotorama) { let activeFrame = fotorama.activeFrame.$stageFrame; let activeImage = activeFrame.find('img.fotorama__img'); let activeCaption = activeFrame.find('div.fotorama__caption'); let hesap = activeFrame.height() - activeCaption.height(); let cssTag = $('#fotorama_max'); if (cssTag.length > 0) cssTag.remove() activeImage.parent().append('<style id="fotorama_max">.fotorama_max { max-height: '+ hesap +'px !important; }</style>') activeImage.addClass('fotorama_max'); } function pdfStat(articleName, articleSlug, partName, fileName) { const data = { 'event_category': 'pdf', 'event_label': `${articleName} - ${articleSlug} - ${fileName}`, 'file_name': fileName, 'file_extension': 'pdf', 'link_text': `${articleName} - #${partName}`, }; gtag('event', 'download', data); } $(document).ready(function() { // Sayfa yüklendiğinde küçük ekranlar için navbar madde adını hazırla. $("#header-article-html-code").appendTo($("#header-article")); /* right -left click */ $(document).keydown(function(event) { if (event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey) { switch (event.keyCode) { // left case 37: window.location.href = '/sayi-hisse'; break; //right case 39: window.location.href = '/saz--hadis'; break; default: return; } } }); let issueModal = $('#issue-modal').modal(); let feedbackBtn = $('.feedback-btn'); let issue = ''; /* show arrb */ $('bibl .kisaltma').click(function(event) { let popup = $('.bibl-popup'); let sidebar = $(".theiaStickySidebar"); let target = $(this); let slug = false; let bibkey = $(this).html(); if (target.data('ad')) { bibkey = target.data('ad'); slug = true; } let offsets = $(this).offset(); let position = $(this).position(); let sidebarTopOffset = sidebar.offset().top let topoffs = offsets.top - sidebarTopOffset + 40; let leftoffs = (position.left - 26) + ($(this).width() / 2); let isUseSafeArea = (sidebar.width() - position.left < 120); popup.find('img').css('right', 'unset'); if (isUseSafeArea) { popup.find('img').css('right', 24); } let q = bibkey.replace('[', '(').replace(']', ')'); $.ajax({ url: "/ajax_search_auto.php?c=g&mdl=bpop&q=" + q + '&slug=' + slug, cache : false, success: function(result){ if(result.trim() !== "") { $('.bibl-cnt').html(result); if (isUseSafeArea) { leftoffs = leftoffs - popup.width() + 14; } popup.css("top", topoffs + "px"); popup.css("left", leftoffs + "px"); popup.show(); } } }); }); $( window ).resize(function() { $('.kisaltma').each(function( index ) { if($(this).find('.bibpos').length > 0) { } }); }); /* close bibl poup */ $('.close-bibl-poup').click(function(event){ $(this).parent().hide(); $('.kisaltma').find('.bibpos').remove(); }); issueModal.on('modal:show', function () { $('.grecaptcha-badge').addClass('show'); }); issueModal.on('modal:hide', function () { $('.grecaptcha-badge').removeClass('show'); }); /* feedback post */ feedbackBtn.click(function() { let errorBox = $('.error-box'); let successBox = $('.success-box'); let issueModalMadde = $('#issue-modal-madde'); errorBox.hide(); successBox.hide(); issue = $(this).data('issue'); if (issue) { let cookie = localStorage.getItem('bildirim_' + issue); let form = $('#modal-issue-form'); issueModalMadde.text(issue); form[0].reset(); form.find('input[name="bildirim-madde-adi"]').val(issue); if (cookie !== null) { let json = JSON.parse(cookie); $.each(json, function (index, elem) { if (elem.name !== 'bildirim-kodu' && elem.name !== 'bildirim-madde-adi') { form.find('[name="' + elem.name + '"]').val(elem.value); } }); } requestCaptcha(); issueModal.show(); } }); var article_div = $('.body_pad_article'); var article_div_bottom_pos = article_div.position().top + article_div.outerHeight(true); $(window).scroll(function() { if ($(this).scrollTop() > article_div_bottom_pos - 300 ) { $(".article-left-bar").css("position", "absolute"); } else{ $(".article-left-bar").css("position", "fixed"); } }); $('.show-former').click(function(event){ $(".country-former").toggle(); if($(".country-former").is(":visible")){ $(this).parent().find('.icon-chevron-down').removeClass('icon-chevron-down').addClass('icon-chevron-up'); }else{ $(this).parent().find('.icon-chevron-up').removeClass('icon-chevron-up').addClass('icon-chevron-down'); } if( $(this).css('font-weight') == "700") $(this).css('font-weight', 'normal'); else $(this).css('font-weight', 'bold'); }); $('.show-source').click(function(event){ if( $(this).css('font-weight') == "700") $(this).css('font-weight', 'normal'); else $(this).css('font-weight', 'bold'); $(".country-source").toggle(); }); $('.icon-list-ul').click(function(event){ $(".top-prev-container").show(); $(this).css("color","#777"); $(".preview-title").show(); $(".article_title h1").css("color","#fff"); }); $('.icon-list-up').click(function(event){ $(".top-prev-container-p").show(); $(this).css("color","#777"); }); $(document).mouseup(function (e) { // preview hover var container = $(".top-prev-container.bsk"); var button = $(".list-ll"); if (!container.is(e.target) && container.has(e.target).length === 0 && !button.is(e.target)){ container.hide(); button.css("color","#bcbcbc"); $(".preview-title").hide(); $(".article_title h1").css("color","inherit"); } /* var container = $(".top-prev-container-p"); var button = $(".icon-list-ul-p"); if (!container.is(e.target) && container.has(e.target).length === 0 && !button.is(e.target)){ container.hide(); button.css("color","#bcbcbc"); } */ }); $('.btn-preview').click(function(event){ $(this).removeClass("passive").addClass("active"); $('.btn-plan').removeClass("active").addClass("passive"); $('.plan-content').hide(); $('.preview-content').show(); }); $('.btn-plan').click(function(event){ $(this).removeClass("passive").addClass("active"); $('.btn-preview').removeClass("active").addClass("passive"); $('.plan-content').show(); $('.preview-content').hide(); }); /* prevent img click href */ $('.lazy').click(function(event){ event.preventDefault(); }); /* open image slider fotorama */ $('.lazy').click(function(){ if(fotoramaLoaded == 0){ $('.fotorama img').each(function(){ var imgurl = $(this).attr("srcs"); $(this).attr("src", imgurl); fotoramaLoaded = 1; }); } $('#fotorama').show(); var $fotoramaDiv = $('#fotorama').fotorama(); var fotorama = $fotoramaDiv.data('fotorama'); fotorama.requestFullScreen(); var order = $(this).parent().attr("img-order"); fotorama.show(order); }); $('.fotorama').on('fotorama:fullscreenexit', function (e, fotorama, extra) { $('#fotorama').hide(); }); $('.fotorama').on('fotorama:show fotorama:load fotorama:fullscreenenter', function (e, fotorama) { resizeFotorama(fotorama); }); $(window).on('resize', function () { let fotorama = $('.fotorama').data('fotorama'); if (fotorama) { setTimeout(function () { resizeFotorama(fotorama); }, 100); } }); /* article part info fade / soru işareti kaldırıldı $('.article-nav-open-info').click(function(){ var totals = $(this).parent().find('.article-nav-numbers').html().split("/")[1]; var currents = $(this).parent().find('.article-nav-numbers').html().split("/")[0]; $('.article-nav-info-li').html('<b>' + totals + '</b> bölümden oluşan maddenin <b>' + currents + '</b>. bölümü:'); $(this).parent().find(".article-nav-info-li").fadeIn("slow"); $(this).hide(); }); */ /* part info */ $('.ak-copy').click(function(){ if($(this).find('span').text() == 'Kopyalama metni'){ $(this).parent().find('.ak-list').hide(); $(this).parent().find('.ak-copytext').show(); SelectText($(this).parent().find('.ak-copytext').attr("id")); $(this).find('span').text('<< Geri'); }else{ $(this).parent().find('.ak-list').show(); $(this).parent().find('.ak-copytext').hide(); $(this).find('span').text('Kopyalama metni'); } }); /* tooltip size */ $('.tipso.tbottom').tipso({size: 'small', color: '#fff', width: 200, position: 'bottom', background: '#334350', maxWidth: 300}); $('.tipso.tleft').tipso({size: 'small', color: '#fff', width: 250, position: 'left', background: '#334350', maxWidth: 300}); $('.tipso.tright').tipso({size: 'small', color: '#fff', width: 250, position: 'right', background: '#334350', maxWidth: 300}); $('.tipso.ttop').tipso({size: 'small', color: '#fff', width: 250, position: 'top', background: '#334350', maxWidth: 300}); $('#authors_show').click(function(){$(".authors_popup").toggle();}); $(document).mouseup(function (e) { var container = $(".authors_popup"); var button = $("#authors_show"); if (!container.is(e.target) && container.has(e.target).length === 0 && !button.is(e.target)){ container.hide();} }); // default if ($("#auto-suggest-box").width() == 376 ) { $("#auto-suggest-box span.txt span").css("display","block"); $("#auto-suggest-box span.txt span.txtcount").css("display","inline"); } $(window).scroll(function() { var poss = ""; var firstPart = $('.article-parts').position().top; if ($(this).scrollTop() > 60) { $("#logo-part").hide(); $("#logo-beta").hide(); $("#header-article").show(); $("#searchBox").css("width","380px"); $("#auto-suggest-box").css("width","380px"); $("#auto-suggest-box span.txt span").css("display","block"); $("#auto-suggest-box span.txt span.txtcount").css("display","inline"); $(".hdr-left").addClass("pure-u-15-24").removeClass("pure-u-13-24"); $(".hdr-right").addClass("pure-u-9-24").removeClass("pure-u-11-24"); $("#header-article-html-code").appendTo($("#header-article")); } else{ $("#logo-part").show(); $("#logo-beta").show(); $("#header-article").hide(); $("#searchBox").css("width","490px"); $("#auto-suggest-box").css("width","490px"); $("#auto-suggest-box span.txt span").css("display","inline"); $(".hdr-left").addClass("pure-u-15-24").removeClass("pure-u-13-24"); $(".hdr-right").addClass("pure-u-9-24").removeClass("pure-u-11-24"); } }); $('.clicktop').click(function(e){ $("html, body").animate({ scrollTop: "0px" }); window.location.hash="" ; }); $('.article-nav-next, .article-nav-prev, .preview-jump').not('.article-nav-passive').click(function(){ window.location = $(this).attr('data-jurl'); var jl = '#_' + window.location.href.split("#").pop(); $('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: ( $(jl).offset().top - 120) }, 900); $(".top-prev-container.bsk").hide(); }); issueModal.on('change', function () { let form = $('#modal-issue-form'); let bildirimText = form.find('textarea[name="bildirim-bildirim"]'); if (issue && bildirimText.val().length > 0) { let excludes = ['g-token']; let cookie = 'bildirim_' + issue; let formData = form.serializeArray(); $.each(formData, function (index, item) { if (item && excludes.indexOf(item.name) > -1) formData.splice(index, 1); }); localStorage.setItem(cookie, JSON.stringify(formData)); } }); $('#modal-issue-form').submit(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); let form = $('#modal-issue-form'); let data = form.serializeArray(); let errorBox = $('.error-box'); let successBox = $('.success-box'); errorBox.hide(); errorBox.empty(); successBox.hide(); successBox.empty(); lockModal(); data.push({ name: 'article-id', value: 19922 }); $.post('/bildirim.php', data).done(function (data) { successBox.empty(); successBox.html(data.message); errorBox.slideUp('fast'); successBox.slideDown('fast'); let maddeAdi = form.find('input[name="bildirim-madde-adi"]').val(); form[0].reset(); form.find('input[name="bildirim-madde-adi"]').val(maddeAdi); localStorage.removeItem('bildirim_' + issue); lockModal(false) requestCaptcha(); }).fail(function (data) { let response = data.responseJSON; if (response.errors) { errorBox.empty(); errorBox.html(response.errors.join('<br>')); errorBox.slideDown('fast'); } $('input[name=bildirim-kodu]').val(''); requestCaptcha(); lockModal(false); }); }); if(window.location.href.indexOf('#') > -1){ var dashvalue = window.location.href.split("#").pop(); try{ var jt = '#_' + window.location.href.split("#").pop(); if ($(window).scrollTop() <= 0) $('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: ( $(jt).offset().top - 160) }, 900); }catch(err){} } /* article toolbar functioms */ $('#pagecolorSepia').click(function(){ $("body").css("background", "#fff"); $(".body_container").css("background" , "#F5EEDE"); $(".m-body, .m-title, .title_info").css("color", "#614D1D"); $(".encyp_ico_container, .encyp_text_container").css("background","#F5EEDE"); $("#article_toolbar").css("border-color","#E4D0A3"); $("#artplan").addClass("sepya"); $(".article-plan-buttons").addClass("sepya"); $(".hdrprt1").addClass("sepya"); $(".hdrprt1arrows").addClass("sepya"); $(".partnumbers, .partdownarrow, .partprint, .partemail, .partatif, .article-country-container, body").addClass("sepya"); $(".partblt").attr("src", "https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/assets/w/images/layouts/part-header-arrow-down-sepya.png") $(".article-left-bar").css("background","#f5eede"); }); $('#pagecolorWhite').click(function(){ $(".body_container").css("background" , "#fff"); $("body").css("background", "#f1f4f4"); $(".m-body, .m-title, .title_info").css("color", "#333"); $(".encyp_ico_container, .encyp_text_container").css("background","#f4f1f1"); $("#article_toolbar").css("border-color","#ededed"); $("#artplan").removeClass("sepya"); $(".article-plan-buttons").removeClass("sepya"); $(".hdrprt1").removeClass("sepya"); $(".hdrprt1arrows").removeClass("sepya"); $(".partnumbers, .partdownarrow, .partprint, .partemail, .partatif, .article-country-container, body").removeClass("sepya"); $(".partblt").attr("src", "https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/assets/w/images/layouts/part-header-arrow-down.png"); $(".article-left-bar").css("background","#fff"); }); $('#txtdown').click(function(){ var fs = $('.m-content').css('font-size').split('px')[0]; var lh = $('.m-content').css('line-height').split('px')[0]; var nfs = parseInt(fs) + 1; var nlh = parseInt(lh) + 2; if(fs <= '23'){ $('.m-content').css({"font-size" : nfs + "px", "line-height" : nlh + "px"}); } set_public_cookie("as=" + nfs + "px"); // set_public_cookie('reader', nfs + 'px,' + nlh + 'px') }); $('#txtup').click(function(){ var fs = $('.m-content').css('font-size').split('px')[0]; var lh = $('.m-content').css('line-height').split('px')[0]; var nfs = parseInt(fs) - 1; var nlh = parseInt(lh) - 2; if(fs >= '17'){ $('.m-content').css({"font-size" : nfs + "px", "line-height" : nlh + "px"}); } set_public_cookie("as=" + nfs + "px"); //set_public_cookie('reader', nfs + 'px,' + nlh + 'px'); }); $('.icon-align-left').click(function(){ $('.m-content').css({"text-align" : "left"}); set_public_cookie("aa=left"); }); $('.icon-align-justify').click(function(){ $('.m-content').css({"text-align" : "justify"}); set_public_cookie("aa=justify"); }); /* article toolbar functioms */ $('#printbody').click(function(){ $('#m-body').print({ globalStyles: true, mediaPrint: false, stylesheet: null, noPrintSelector: ".no-print", iframe: true, append: null, prepend: null, manuallyCopyFormValues: true, deferred: $.Deferred(), timeout: 750, title: null, doctype: '<!doctype html>' }); }); $('.printPart').click(function() { const printButton = $(this); const printPart = $('<div class="article-parts"></div>'); const articlePart = printButton.closest('.article-part'); printPart.append(articlePart.clone()); let pdfPartUrl = ''; pdfPartUrl = 'https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/saz--arap-dili'; const pdfLink = $('<a></a>') .attr('href', pdfPartUrl) .text(pdfPartUrl.replace('https://', ' ')); const header = $('<div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; margin-bottom: 30px; padding-bottom: 10px;"></div>'); header.append('Maddenin TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’ndeki güncel elektronik versiyonuna erişmek için: '); header.append(pdfLink); const bodyContainer = $('<div class="centered body_container body_pad_article" style="margin-top: 15px;"></div>'); bodyContainer.append(header); const articleTitle = $('.article_header_container'); bodyContainer.append(articleTitle.clone()) const mBody = $('<div class="m-body"></div>'); mBody.append(printPart); bodyContainer.append(mBody); const body = $('<body></body>'); body.append(bodyContainer); body.print({ globalStyles: true, mediaPrint: true, stylesheet: null, noPrintSelector: ".no-print", iframe: true, append: null, prepend: null, manuallyCopyFormValues: true, deferred: $.Deferred(), timeout: 750, title: null, doctype: '<!doctype html>' }); }); /* search autocomplete events */ var delay = (function(){ var timer = 0; return function(callback, ms){ clearTimeout (timer); timer = setTimeout(callback, ms); }; })(); $('#searchBox1').keyup(function() { delay(function(){ var typed = $.trim($('#searchBox1').val()); if(typed.length > 1) { autocomplete(typed ); } else { $("#auto-suggest-box1").hide(); $("#auto-suggest-loading1").hide(); } }, 1000 ); }); function autocomplete(typed) { $("#auto-suggest-content1").html(''); $("#auto-suggest-box1").show(); $("#auto-suggest-loading1").show(); $.ajax({ url: "/ajax_search_auto.php?q=" + typed, cache : false, success: function(result){ if(result.trim() == "") { $("#auto-suggest-box1").hide(); $("#auto-suggest-loading1").hide(); }else{ $("#auto-suggest-loading1").hide(); $("#auto-suggest-content1").html(result); } } }); } /* atif */ $('.atif-btn').click(function(){ $(this).parent().parent().parent().parent().find('.atif-kutusu').slideToggle(); }); $(document).mouseup(function (e) { var resultbox = $(".atif-kutusu"); var inputbox = $(".atif-btn"); if (!resultbox.is(e.target) && resultbox.has(e.target).length === 0 && !inputbox.is(e.target) && inputbox.has(e.target).length === 0){ resultbox.hide(); $('.ak-list').show(); $('.ak-copytext').hide(); $('.ak-copy span').text('Kopyalama metni'); } }); $(document).mouseup(function (e) { var resultbox = $("#auto-suggest-box1"); var inputbox = $("#searchBox1"); if (!resultbox .is(e.target) && resultbox .has(e.target).length === 0 && !inputbox .is(e.target)){ resultbox.hide();} }); jQuery('.sticky-content, .sticky-sidebar').theiaStickySidebar({ additionalMarginTop: 30 }); }); </script>

CINXE.COM

ŞÂZ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi