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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Storia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Storia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meccanismo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meccanismo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Meccanismo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meccanismo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Materiali_biodegradabili" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Materiali_biodegradabili"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Materiali biodegradabili</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Materiali_biodegradabili-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Materiali_non_biodegradabili" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Materiali_non_biodegradabili"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Materiali non biodegradabili</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Materiali_non_biodegradabili-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utilizzi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilizzi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Utilizzi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utilizzi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Biodegradazione</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 44 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%84_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A" title="تحلل حيوي - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تحلل حيوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodeqradasiya" title="Biodeqradasiya - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Biodeqradasiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Биохимическо разлагане - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Биохимическо разлагане" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegradaci%C3%B3" title="Biodegradació - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Biodegradació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegradace" title="Biodegradace - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Biodegradace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioddiraddio" title="Bioddiraddio - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bioddiraddio" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologisk_nedbrydelighed" title="Biologisk nedbrydelighed - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Biologisk nedbrydelighed" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologische_Abbaubarkeit" title="Biologische Abbaubarkeit - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Biologische Abbaubarkeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegradation" title="Biodegradation - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Biodegradation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegrado" title="Biodegrado - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Biodegrado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegradabilidad" title="Biodegradabilidad - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Biodegradabilidad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioloogiline_lagunemine" title="Bioloogiline lagunemine - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bioloogiline lagunemine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegradagarritasun" title="Biodegradagarritasun - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Biodegradagarritasun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%B0%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="زیست‌تجزیه‌پذیری - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زیست‌تجزیه‌پذیری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biohajoava_materiaali" title="Biohajoava materiaali - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Biohajoava materiaali" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biod%C3%A9gradation" title="Biodégradation - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Biodégradation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bithmhilleadh" title="Bithmhilleadh - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bithmhilleadh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegradabilidade" title="Biodegradabilidade - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Biodegradabilidade" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA" title="התכלות - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="התכלות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8" title="जैवनिम्‍नन - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जैवनिम्‍नन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biorazgradivost" title="Biorazgradivost - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Biorazgradivost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegradasi" title="Biodegradasi - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Biodegradasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%88%86%E8%A7%A3" title="生分解 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="生分解" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биодеградация - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Биодеградация" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%B6%84%ED%95%B4" title="생분해 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="생분해" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Биологийн задрал - mongolo" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Биологийн задрал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegradasi" title="Biodegradasi - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Biodegradasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologische_afbraak" title="Biologische afbraak - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Biologische afbraak" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegradacion" title="Biodegradacion - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Biodegradacion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegradacja" title="Biodegradacja - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Biodegradacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%87" title="بیولوژيکي تجزیه - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بیولوژيکي تجزیه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegradabilidade" title="Biodegradabilidade - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Biodegradabilidade" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegradare" title="Biodegradare - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Biodegradare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биодеградация - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Биодеградация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegradation" title="Biodegradation - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Biodegradation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegrad%C3%A1cia" title="Biodegradácia - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Biodegradácia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegradacija" title="Biodegradacija - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Biodegradacija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegradacija" title="Biodegradacija - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Biodegradacija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81" title="உயிரியாற்சிதைவு - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உயிரியாற்சிதைவு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E" title="การย่อยสลายทางชีวภาพ - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การย่อยสลายทางชีวภาพ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Біодеградація - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Біодеградація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%A2n_h%E1%BB%A7y_sinh_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Phân hủy sinh học - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phân hủy sinh học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E9%99%8D%E8%A7%A3" title="生物降解 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="生物降解" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E8%A7%A3" title="生物分解 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="生物分解" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q696715#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu 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<div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Reindirizzamento da <strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biodegradabilit%C3%A0&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Biodegradabilità">Biodegradabilità</a></strong>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><p>In <a href="/wiki/Chimica_ambientale" title="Chimica ambientale">chimica ambientale</a>, la <b>biodegradazione</b> è la degradazione di un <a href="/wiki/Composto_chimico" title="Composto chimico">composto</a> (a prescindere che sia di origine naturale o sintetico) attraverso processi <a href="/wiki/Enzima" title="Enzima">enzimatici</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-IUPAC_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUPAC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in genere per azione di <a href="/wiki/Microrganismo" title="Microrganismo">microrganismi</a> quali <a href="/wiki/Batteri" class="mw-redirect" title="Batteri">batteri e</a> <a href="/wiki/Funghi" class="mw-redirect" title="Funghi">funghi</a>. Un materiale che è suscettibile di attacco enzimatico è detto <b>biodegradabile</b>. La biodegradazione interessa i composti a base di carbonio a basso stato di <a href="/wiki/Ossidazione" title="Ossidazione">ossidazione</a>, studiati dalla <a href="/wiki/Chimica_organica" title="Chimica organica">chimica organica</a>. </p><p>La biodegradazione, se è completa, porta il carbonio organico del composto a carbonio inorganico, studiato dalla <a href="/wiki/Chimica_inorganica" title="Chimica inorganica">chimica inorganica</a>. In questo caso si parla di biodegradazione ultima, in quanto i prodotti finali di tale processo sono sostanze stabili che non possono essere degradate ulteriormente. Altrimenti nel caso di degradazione non completa, detta primaria, si ha una trasformazione del composto originario in molecole meno complesse ma non ancora portate allo stato inorganico. </p><p>La biodegradazione riveste un ruolo fondamentale nel mantenere l'equilibrio ecologico degli ecosistemi ed in generale del <a href="/wiki/Terra" title="Terra">pianeta</a> in quanto permette di reimmettere il carbonio organico, fissato durante la <a href="/wiki/Fotosintesi_clorofilliana" title="Fotosintesi clorofilliana">fotosintesi</a>, nel ciclo <a href="/wiki/Biogeochimica" title="Biogeochimica">biogeochimico</a> del carbonio come carbonio minerale (<a href="/wiki/Anidride_carbonica" title="Anidride carbonica">anidride carbonica</a>). </p><p>Il termine "biodegradabile" è spesso confuso con "compostabile", dove quest'ultimo termine implica che la biodegradazione avvenga sotto particolari condizioni associate al processo di <a href="/wiki/Compostaggio" class="mw-redirect" title="Compostaggio">compostaggio</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biodegradazione&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biodegradazione&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sebbene il concetto di "biodegradabilità" fosse noto già nel 1926, quando il ricercatore francese <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Lemoigne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice Lemoigne (la pagina non esiste)">Maurice Lemoigne</a> scoprì la prima <a href="/wiki/Bioplastica" title="Bioplastica">bioplastica</a> (il <a href="/wiki/Poli-%CE%B2-idrossibutirrato" title="Poli-β-idrossibutirrato">Poli-β-idrossibutirrato</a> o PHB, biodegradabile dal batterio <i><a href="/wiki/Bacillus_megaterium" title="Bacillus megaterium">Bacillus megaterium</a></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, l'uso del termine "biodegradabile" è attestato per la prima volta in un libro del 1961 sulla microbiologia industriale.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nel 1989, in seguito al <a href="/wiki/Disastro_petrolifero" title="Disastro petrolifero">disastro petrolifero</a> della petroliera <a href="/wiki/Exxon_Valdez" title="Exxon Valdez">Exxon Valdez</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, furono utilizzati fertilizzanti allo scopo di accelerare la crescita dei batteri presenti nella zona, promuovendo in questo modo il naturale processo di biodegradazione del petrolio.<sup id="cite_ref-ency_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ency-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Meccanismo">Meccanismo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biodegradazione&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Meccanismo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biodegradazione&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Meccanismo"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cellulose_degradation_by_certain_microorganism.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Cellulose_degradation_by_certain_microorganism.jpg/220px-Cellulose_degradation_by_certain_microorganism.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Cellulose_degradation_by_certain_microorganism.jpg/330px-Cellulose_degradation_by_certain_microorganism.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Cellulose_degradation_by_certain_microorganism.jpg/440px-Cellulose_degradation_by_certain_microorganism.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Biodegradazione <i><a href="/wiki/In_vitro" title="In vitro">in vitro</a></i> della <a href="/wiki/Cellulosa" title="Cellulosa">cellulosa</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A seconda del caso specifico, la biodegradazione può avvenire per via aerobica (cioè in presenza di ossigeno) o anaerobica (cioè in assenza di ossigeno). Inoltre può avvenire <i><a href="/wiki/In_vivo" title="In vivo">in vivo</a></i> o <i><a href="/wiki/In_vitro" title="In vitro">in vitro</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-IUPAC_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUPAC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nel caso più comune il materiale biodegradabile è costituito da <a href="/wiki/Sostanza_organica" class="mw-redirect" title="Sostanza organica">sostanze organiche</a> che fungono da nutriente per i microorganismi. In particolare, la biodegradazione di ciascun composto chimico, quando è possibile, avviene per mezzo di un particolare microorganismo.<sup id="cite_ref-ency_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ency-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alcuni microrganismi possono essere inoltre <a href="/wiki/Organismi_geneticamente_modificati" class="mw-redirect" title="Organismi geneticamente modificati">modificati geneticamente</a> in modo da biodegradare una particolare sostanza.<sup id="cite_ref-ency_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ency-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Attraverso la biodegradazione tali sostanze organiche, che possono essere generate direttamente o indirettamente dalla <a href="/wiki/Fotosintesi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fotosintesi">fotosintesi</a>, vengono convertite in sostanze inorganiche. La biodegradazione svolge dunque una funzione inversa a quella della fotosintesi e dei successivi processi biosintetici che danno origine alla <a href="/wiki/Biomassa" title="Biomassa">biomassa</a>. Mentre la fotosintesi produce molecole organiche a partire da molecole inorganiche, la biodegradazione riduce le sostanze di partenza in costituenti via via più semplici<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (come <a href="/wiki/Anidride_carbonica" title="Anidride carbonica">anidride carbonica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acqua" title="Acqua">acqua</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ammoniaca" title="Ammoniaca">ammoniaca</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) per infine riportarle eventualmente ad uno stadio inorganico. In questo caso si parla di "<a href="/wiki/Mineralizzazione" title="Mineralizzazione">mineralizzazione</a>". </p><p>Il fenomeno della biodegradazione è molto importante per l'<a href="/wiki/Ambiente_(biologia)" title="Ambiente (biologia)">ambiente</a>, che deve liberarsi dai rifiuti e dalle scorie per far posto alla nuova vita. Gli alberi, le piante, le alghe, ossia tutti gli organismi fotosintetici, grazie al sole sono in grado di assorbire l'<a href="/wiki/Anidride_carbonica" title="Anidride carbonica">anidride carbonica</a> presente nell'atmosfera ed utilizzarla per sintetizzare zuccheri, molecole organiche alla base di tutte le numerosissime sostanze organiche presenti nella <a href="/wiki/Biosfera" title="Biosfera">biosfera</a>. </p><p>Tramite la <a href="/wiki/Catena_alimentare" title="Catena alimentare">catena alimentare</a>, il flusso di sostanze e di energia passa dalle piante (<a href="/wiki/Autotrofia" title="Autotrofia">produttori</a>) agli erbivori (<a href="/wiki/Consumatore_(ecologia)" title="Consumatore (ecologia)">consumatori</a> primari) e da questi ai carnivori (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Consumatori_secondari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Consumatori secondari (la pagina non esiste)">consumatori secondari</a>). Questo meccanismo si incepperebbe velocemente, però, se non esistesse la possibilità inversa, cioè quella che permette di liberare anidride carbonica a partire dalla materia organica morta, assicurando la circolazione di materia. Quindi il processo di biodegradazione ha, nell'equilibrio naturale, pari dignità al processo della fotosintesi di cui rappresenta l'esito e nello stesso tempo la partenza. La biodegradazione è attuata dai <a href="/wiki/Decompositori" class="mw-redirect" title="Decompositori">decompositori</a>, microrganismi (<a href="/wiki/Funghi" class="mw-redirect" title="Funghi">funghi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Batteri" class="mw-redirect" title="Batteri">batteri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protozoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Protozoi">protozoi</a>) che crescono sulla materia organica morta, ossia sui rifiuti prodotti dall'<a href="/wiki/Ecosistema" title="Ecosistema">ecosistema</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Materiali_biodegradabili">Materiali biodegradabili</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biodegradazione&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Materiali biodegradabili" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biodegradazione&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Materiali biodegradabili"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perché un composto possa essere considerato "biodegradabile" è necessario che in natura esista un microrganismo in grado di <a href="/wiki/Decomposizione_(biologia)" title="Decomposizione (biologia)">decomporre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assimilazione_(biologia)" title="Assimilazione (biologia)">assimilare</a> ed infine mineralizzare il materiale. </p><p>I materiali organici di origine naturale sono biodegradabili mentre i materiali di origine sintetica possono essere resistenti alla biodegradazione. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Materiali_non_biodegradabili">Materiali non biodegradabili</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biodegradazione&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Materiali non biodegradabili" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biodegradazione&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Materiali non biodegradabili"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Un materiale "non biodegradabile" non è suscettibile all'azione degli enzimi microbici. Pertanto la degradazione di questi composti avviene solo a causa di degradazione abiotica quali la fotodegradazione o la idrolisi. In genere tali materiali hanno un <a href="/wiki/Impatto_ambientale" title="Impatto ambientale">impatto ambientale</a> negativo in quanto persistono per tempi lunghi e sono pertanto considerati <a href="/wiki/Inquinamento" title="Inquinamento">inquinanti</a>. </p><p>Le sostanze non biodegradabili più comuni sono la maggior parte delle materie plastiche, che sono formate principalmente dal <a href="/wiki/Carbonio" title="Carbonio">carbonio</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Idrogeno" title="Idrogeno">idrogeno</a> e l'<a href="/wiki/Ossigeno" title="Ossigeno">ossigeno</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utilizzi">Utilizzi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biodegradazione&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Utilizzi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biodegradazione&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Utilizzi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il processo di biodegradazione può essere utilizzato su larga scala allo scopo di abbattere il quantitativo di sostanze tossiche presenti in siti contaminati, quali possono essere ad esempio le discariche o zone interessate da sversamenti petroliferi.<sup id="cite_ref-ency_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ency-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biodegradazione&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biodegradazione&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-IUPAC-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-IUPAC_1-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-IUPAC_1-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://goldbook.iupac.org/html/B/B00656.html">IUPAC Gold Book, biodegradation</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/bioplastic">Enciclopedia Britannica - bioplastic</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Allan Metcalf, David K. Barnhart, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=SYrJZLjgDmIC"><span style="font-style:italic;">America in So Many Words: Words That Have Shaped America</span></a>, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1999, p. 258., <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0547563299" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0547563299</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ency-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-ency_4-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-ency_4-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-ency_4-2">c</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-ency_4-3">d</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/energy-government-and-defense-magazines/biodegradation">Encyclopedia.com - biodegradation</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dizionari.corriere.it/dizionario_italiano/B/biodegradazione.shtml?refresh_ce-cp">Dizionario Sabatini Coletti - biodegradazione</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=203">Glossary of Environment Statistics - biodegradation</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biodegradazione&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biodegradazione&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EN_13432" title="EN 13432">EN 13432</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biocompatibilit%C3%A0" title="Biocompatibilità">Biocompatibilità</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecosostenibilit%C3%A0" title="Ecosostenibilità">Ecosostenibilità</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomateriale" title="Biomateriale">Biomateriale</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biodegradazione&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biodegradazione&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Biodegradation"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Biodegradation?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Biodegradation?uselang=it">biodegradazione</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biodegradazione&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biodegradazione&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/biodegradation"><span style="font-style:italic;">biodegradation</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q696715#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Nuovo_soggettario" title="Nuovo soggettario">Thesaurus BNCF</a> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=74363">74363</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85014130">sh85014130</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4313252-2">4313252-2</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007282567405171">987007282567405171</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 3 - 8px * 2/3 );"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DNA.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Biologia"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/DNA.png/24px-DNA.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/DNA.png/36px-DNA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/DNA.png/47px-DNA.png 2x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="314" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Biologia" title="Portale:Biologia">Portale Biologia</a></b></div></div><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 3 - 8px * 2/3 );"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140555418"><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gnome-applications-science.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chimica"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gnome-applications-science.svg/25px-Gnome-applications-science.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gnome-applications-science.svg/38px-Gnome-applications-science.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gnome-applications-science.svg/50px-Gnome-applications-science.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Chimica" title="Portale:Chimica">Portale Chimica</a></b></div></div><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 3 - 8px * 2/3 );"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140555418"><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunflower_d1.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ecologia e ambiente"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Sunflower_d1.png/23px-Sunflower_d1.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Sunflower_d1.png/36px-Sunflower_d1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Sunflower_d1.png/47px-Sunflower_d1.png 2x" data-file-width="752" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Ecologia_e_ambiente" title="Portale:Ecologia e ambiente">Portale Ecologia e ambiente</a></b></div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Estratto da "<a dir="ltr" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biodegradazione&oldid=135778097">https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biodegradazione&oldid=135778097</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Categorie" title="Categoria:Categorie">Categoria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Biodegradazione" title="Categoria:Biodegradazione">Biodegradazione</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorie nascoste: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_modulo_citazione_e_parametro_pagine" title="Categoria:Voci con modulo citazione e parametro pagine">Voci con modulo citazione e parametro pagine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_modulo_citazione_e_parametro_coautori" title="Categoria:Voci con modulo citazione e parametro coautori">Voci con modulo citazione e parametro coautori</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Pagine_che_utilizzano_collegamenti_magici_ISBN" title="Categoria:Pagine che utilizzano collegamenti magici ISBN">Pagine che utilizzano collegamenti magici ISBN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P1417_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P1417 letta da Wikidata">P1417 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_Thesaurus_BNCF" title="Categoria:Voci con codice Thesaurus BNCF">Voci con codice Thesaurus BNCF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_LCCN" title="Categoria:Voci con codice LCCN">Voci con codice LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_GND" title="Categoria:Voci con codice GND">Voci con codice GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_J9U" title="Categoria:Voci con codice J9U">Voci con codice J9U</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_non_biografiche_con_codici_di_controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Categoria:Voci non biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità">Voci non biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Questa pagina è stata modificata per l'ultima volta il 3 ott 2023 alle 10:10.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Il testo è disponibile secondo la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.it">licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo</a>; 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