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poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Boren_Ride-on_Power_Trowel.webm/300px--Boren_Ride-on_Power_Trowel.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="300" height="169" data-durationhint="33" data-mwtitle="Boren_Ride-on_Power_Trowel.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Boren_Ride-on_Power_Trowel.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/79/Boren_Ride-on_Power_Trowel.webm/Boren_Ride-on_Power_Trowel.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/79/Boren_Ride-on_Power_Trowel.webm/Boren_Ride-on_Power_Trowel.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Boren_Ride-on_Power_Trowel.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/79/Boren_Ride-on_Power_Trowel.webm/Boren_Ride-on_Power_Trowel.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/79/Boren_Ride-on_Power_Trowel.webm/Boren_Ride-on_Power_Trowel.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/79/Boren_Ride-on_Power_Trowel.webm/Boren_Ride-on_Power_Trowel.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/79/Boren_Ride-on_Power_Trowel.webm/Boren_Ride-on_Power_Trowel.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Boren_Power_Trowel.webm/220px--Boren_Power_Trowel.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="31" data-mwtitle="Boren_Power_Trowel.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Boren_Power_Trowel.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/Boren_Power_Trowel.webm/Boren_Power_Trowel.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/Boren_Power_Trowel.webm/Boren_Power_Trowel.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Boren_Power_Trowel.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/Boren_Power_Trowel.webm/Boren_Power_Trowel.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/Boren_Power_Trowel.webm/Boren_Power_Trowel.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/Boren_Power_Trowel.webm/Boren_Power_Trowel.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/Boren_Power_Trowel.webm/Boren_Power_Trowel.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boren_Super_Trowel.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Boren_Super_Trowel.png/220px-Boren_Super_Trowel.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Boren_Super_Trowel.png/330px-Boren_Super_Trowel.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Boren_Super_Trowel.png/440px-Boren_Super_Trowel.png 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ride_on_power_trowel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ride_on_power_trowel.jpg/220px-Ride_on_power_trowel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ride_on_power_trowel.jpg/330px-Ride_on_power_trowel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ride_on_power_trowel.jpg/440px-Ride_on_power_trowel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="864" /></a><figcaption>Power trowel</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>power trowel</b> (also known as a "power float" and "troweling machine") is a piece of light construction equipment used by <a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">construction</a> companies and contractors to apply a smooth finish to <a href="/wiki/Concrete" title="Concrete">concrete</a> slabs.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Power_trowel&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Power trowels differ in the way they are controlled: </p> <ul><li>Ride-on power trowels have two spider/rotor assemblies and are controlled by an operator sitting on a seat upon the machine, controlling the power trowel movement with two joystick/levers (these can be either mechanical or electronic/hydraulic). Blade pitch is controlled either by manual turn handles, (usually both spiders are linked together) or by electric motors and switches. Ride on power trowels range in size from 1.8 m (6 ft) machines weighing 270–320 kg (600–700 lb), up to 3.7 m (12 ft) machines weighing over 910 kg (2,000 lb). Power ranges from small 10 kW (13 hp) single cylinder engines, all the way up to 70 kW (100 hp) multi fuel V8 engines. Drive systems come in two basic variations direct mechanical drive (typically using a CVT style clutch) and hydrostatic drive. Additionally, they are available in overlapping and non-overlapping configurations, the latter allowing the use of float pans.<sup id="cite_ref-AnsonKo2002_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AnsonKo2002-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Walk-behind power trowels are used by an operator walking behind the machine.<sup id="cite_ref-Carney2015_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carney2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Madsen2017_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Madsen2017-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>A power trowel performs the tasks of several hand tools, hand trowel, hand float, darby and <a href="/wiki/Concrete_float" title="Concrete float">concrete float</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Institute2005_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Institute2005-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Power_trowel&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_pump" title="Concrete pump">Concrete pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screed" title="Screed">Screed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trowel" title="Trowel">Trowel</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Similar_vehicles">Similar vehicles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Power_trowel&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Similar vehicles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personal_hovercraft" title="Personal hovercraft">Personal hovercraft</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Power_trowel&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s6C_PziYi-gC&pg=PA284"><i>FCS Construction Materials L2</i></a>. Pearson South Africa. 2009. pp. 284–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-77025-609-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-77025-609-5"><bdi>978-1-77025-609-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=FCS+Construction+Materials+L2&rft.pages=284-&rft.pub=Pearson+South+Africa&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-77025-609-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds6C_PziYi-gC%26pg%3DPA284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APower+trowel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AnsonKo2002-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AnsonKo2002_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM._AnsonJ.M._KoE.S.S._Lam2002" class="citation book cs1">M. Anson; J.M. Ko; E.S.S. Lam (14 November 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RiIqU5ttLhcC&pg=PA682"><i>Advances in Building Technology</i></a>. Elsevier. pp. 682–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-08-052663-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-08-052663-8"><bdi>978-0-08-052663-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Advances+in+Building+Technology&rft.pages=682-&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2002-11-14&rft.isbn=978-0-08-052663-8&rft.au=M.+Anson&rft.au=J.M.+Ko&rft.au=E.S.S.+Lam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRiIqU5ttLhcC%26pg%3DPA682&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APower+trowel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carney2015-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Carney2015_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKevin_Wright_Carney2015" class="citation book cs1">Kevin Wright Carney (21 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Bt-oBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA144"><i>Securing the Outdoor Construction Site: Strategy, Prevention, and Mitigation</i></a>. Elsevier Science. pp. 144–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-802602-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-802602-1"><bdi>978-0-12-802602-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Securing+the+Outdoor+Construction+Site%3A+Strategy%2C+Prevention%2C+and+Mitigation&rft.pages=144-&rft.pub=Elsevier+Science&rft.date=2015-09-21&rft.isbn=978-0-12-802602-1&rft.au=Kevin+Wright+Carney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBt-oBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA144&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APower+trowel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Madsen2017-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Madsen2017_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_A._Madsen2017" class="citation book cs1">David A. Madsen (6 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tEgrDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA168"><i>Modern Residential Construction Practices</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. pp. 168–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-97840-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-97840-8"><bdi>978-1-351-97840-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Residential+Construction+Practices&rft.pages=168-&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2017-07-06&rft.isbn=978-1-351-97840-8&rft.au=David+A.+Madsen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtEgrDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA168&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APower+trowel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Institute2005-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Institute2005_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Concrete_Institute2005" class="citation book cs1">American Concrete Institute (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bGwcUvwq7k8C&pg=PA328"><i>Specifications for Structural Concrete, ACI 301-05, with Selected ACI References: Field Reference Manual</i></a>. American Concrete Institute. pp. 328–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87031-194-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87031-194-9"><bdi>978-0-87031-194-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Specifications+for+Structural+Concrete%2C+ACI+301-05%2C+with+Selected+ACI+References%3A+Field+Reference+Manual&rft.pages=328-&rft.pub=American+Concrete+Institute&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-87031-194-9&rft.au=American+Concrete+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbGwcUvwq7k8C%26pg%3DPA328&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APower+trowel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Power_trowel&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Power_trowels" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Power trowels">Power trowels</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Power_tools" title="Template:Power tools"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Power_tools" title="Template talk:Power tools"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Power_tools" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Power tools"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Power_tools" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Power_tool" title="Power tool">Power tools</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sawhorse" title="Sawhorse">Sawhorse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workbench" title="Workbench">Workbench</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_hammer_(fabrication)" title="Air hammer (fabrication)">Air hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angle_grinder" title="Angle grinder">Angle grinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandsaw" title="Bandsaw">Bandsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_sander" title="Belt sander">Belt sander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blowtorch" title="Blowtorch">Blowtorch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_saw" title="Circular saw">Circular saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_saw" title="Concrete saw">Concrete saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusher" title="Crusher">Crusher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxy-fuel_welding_and_cutting" title="Oxy-fuel welding and cutting">Cutting torch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_grinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Die grinder">Die grinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drill" title="Drill">Drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_motor_brake" title="Electric motor brake">Electric motor brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot-melt_adhesive" title="Hot-melt adhesive">Glue gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammer_drill" title="Hammer drill">Hammer drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_gun" title="Heat gun">Heat gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_driver" title="Impact driver">Impact driver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_wrench" title="Impact wrench">Impact wrench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackhammer" title="Jackhammer">Jackhammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jigsaw_(power_tool)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jigsaw (power tool)">Jigsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jointer" title="Jointer">Jointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-tool_(power_tool)" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-tool (power tool)">Multi-tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nail_gun" title="Nail gun">Nail gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miter_saw#Power_miter_saw" title="Miter saw">Power miter saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nibbler" title="Nibbler">Nibbler</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Power trowel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radial_arm_saw" title="Radial arm saw">Radial arm saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Random_orbital_sander" title="Random orbital sander">Random orbital sander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reciprocating_saw" title="Reciprocating saw">Reciprocating saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivet_gun" title="Rivet gun">Rivet gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotary_hammer" title="Rotary hammer">Rotary hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotary_saw" title="Rotary saw">Rotary saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Router_table_(woodworking)" title="Router table (woodworking)">Router table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sander" title="Sander">Sander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screw_gun" title="Screw gun">Screw gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scroll_saw" title="Scroll saw">Scroll saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shear_(sheet_metal)" title="Shear (sheet metal)">Shear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldering_gun" title="Soldering gun">Soldering gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldering_iron" title="Soldering iron">Soldering iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_box" title="Steam box">Steam box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_saw" title="Table saw">Table saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thickness_planer" title="Thickness planer">Thickness planer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Router_(woodworking)" title="Router (woodworking)">Wood router</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_shaper" title="Wood shaper">Wood shaper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Template:Types_of_tools" title="Template:Types of tools">Types of tools</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Cleaning_tools" title="Template:Cleaning tools">Cleaning</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Cutting_and_abrasive_tools" title="Template:Cutting and abrasive tools">Cutting and abrasive</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Forestry_tools" title="Template:Forestry tools">Forestry</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Garden_tools" title="Template:Garden tools">Garden</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Hand_tools" title="Template:Hand tools">Hand</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Kitchen_tools" title="Template:Kitchen tools">Kitchen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Machine_and_metalworking_tools" title="Template:Machine and metalworking tools">Machine and metalworking</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Masonry_tools" title="Template:Masonry tools">Masonry</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Measuring_and_alignment_tools" title="Template:Measuring and alignment tools">Measuring and alignment</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Mining_equipment" title="Template:Mining equipment">Mining</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Power_tools" title="Template:Power tools">Power</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Textile_tools" title="Template:Textile tools">Textile</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Woodworking" title="Template:Woodworking">Woodworking</a></dd></dl> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Concrete" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Concrete_navbox" title="Template:Concrete navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Concrete_navbox" title="Template talk:Concrete navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Concrete_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Concrete navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Concrete" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Concrete" title="Concrete">Concrete</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Concrete#History" title="Concrete">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_architecture" title="Ancient Roman architecture">Ancient Roman architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_architectural_revolution" title="Roman architectural revolution">Roman architectural revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_concrete" title="Roman concrete">Roman concrete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman engineering">Roman engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman technology">Roman technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_concrete#Mix_design" title="Types of concrete">Composition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cement" title="Cement">Cement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_aluminate_cements" title="Calcium aluminate cements">Calcium aluminate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energetically_modified_cement" title="Energetically modified cement">Energetically modified</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_cement" title="Portland cement">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosendale_cement" title="Rosendale cement">Rosendale</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water%E2%80%93cement_ratio" title="Water–cement ratio">Water–cement ratio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_aggregate" title="Construction aggregate">Aggregate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinforced_concrete" title="Reinforced concrete">Reinforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fly_ash" class="mw-redirect" title="Fly ash">Fly ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_granulated_blast-furnace_slag" title="Ground granulated blast-furnace slag">Ground granulated blast-furnace slag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silica_fume" title="Silica fume">Silica fume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metakaolin" title="Metakaolin">Metakaolin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Concrete#Production" title="Concrete">Production</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_plant" title="Concrete plant">Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_mixer" title="Concrete mixer">Concrete mixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volumetric_concrete_mixer" title="Volumetric concrete mixer">Volumetric mixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reversing_drum_mixer" title="Reversing drum mixer">Reversing drum mixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_slump_test" title="Concrete slump test">Slump test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flow_table_test" title="Flow table test">Flow table test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete#Curing" title="Concrete">Curing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_cover" title="Concrete cover">Concrete cover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cover_meter" title="Cover meter">Cover meter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebar" title="Rebar">Rebar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Construction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Precast_concrete" title="Precast concrete">Precast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cast-in-place_concrete" title="Cast-in-place concrete">Cast-in-place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formwork" title="Formwork">Formwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_formwork" title="Climbing formwork">Climbing formwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip_forming" title="Slip forming">Slip forming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screed" title="Screed">Screed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_concrete_screed" class="mw-redirect" title="Power concrete screed">Power screed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_finisher" title="Concrete finisher">Finisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_grinder" title="Concrete grinder">Grinder</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Power trowel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_pump" title="Concrete pump">Pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_float" title="Concrete float">Float</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_sealer" title="Concrete sealer">Sealer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tremie" title="Tremie">Tremie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Properties_of_concrete" title="Properties of concrete">Properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinforced_concrete_structures_durability" title="Reinforced concrete structures durability">Durability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_degradation" title="Concrete degradation">Degradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_concrete" title="Environmental impact of concrete">Environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_recycling" title="Concrete recycling">Recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segregation_in_concrete" title="Segregation in concrete">Segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkali%E2%80%93silica_reaction" title="Alkali–silica reaction">Alkali–silica reaction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_concrete" title="Types of concrete">Types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AstroCrete" class="mw-redirect" title="AstroCrete">AstroCrete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber-reinforced_concrete" title="Fiber-reinforced concrete">Fiber-reinforced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filigree_concrete" title="Filigree concrete">Filigree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foam_concrete" title="Foam concrete">Foam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunarcrete" title="Lunarcrete">Lunarcrete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_concrete" title="Mass concrete">Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanoconcrete" title="Nanoconcrete">Nanoconcrete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pervious_concrete" title="Pervious concrete">Pervious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polished_concrete" title="Polished concrete">Polished</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polymer_concrete" title="Polymer concrete">Polymer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prestressed_concrete" title="Prestressed concrete">Prestressed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ready-mix_concrete" title="Ready-mix concrete">Ready-mix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinforced_concrete" title="Reinforced concrete">Reinforced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller-compacted_concrete" title="Roller-compacted concrete">Roller-compacting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-consolidating_concrete" title="Self-consolidating concrete">Self-consolidating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-leveling_concrete" title="Self-leveling concrete">Self-leveling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfur_concrete" title="Sulfur concrete">Sulfur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabby_concrete" title="Tabby concrete">Tabby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Translucent_concrete" title="Translucent concrete">Translucent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_light_concrete" title="Waste light concrete">Waste light</a></li> <li>Aerated <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autoclaved_aerated_concrete" title="Autoclaved aerated concrete">AAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinforced_autoclaved_aerated_concrete" class="mw-redirect" title="Reinforced autoclaved aerated concrete">RAAC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_slab" title="Concrete slab">Slab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waffle_slab" title="Waffle slab">waffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollow-core_slab" title="Hollow-core slab">hollow-core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voided_biaxial_slab" title="Voided biaxial slab">voided biaxial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shallow_foundation#Slab_on_grade" title="Shallow foundation">slab on grade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_block" title="Concrete block">Concrete block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_step_barrier" title="Concrete step barrier">Step barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_surface#Concrete" title="Road surface">Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinforced_concrete_column" title="Reinforced concrete column">Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinforced_concrete#Use_in_construction" title="Reinforced concrete">Structures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Concrete_Institute" title="American Concrete Institute">American Concrete Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Concrete_Society" title="The Concrete Society">Concrete Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institution_of_Structural_Engineers" title="Institution of Structural Engineers">Institution of Structural Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Concrete_Institute" title="Indian Concrete Institute">Indian Concrete Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanocem" title="Nanocem">Nanocem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_Cement_Association" title="Portland Cement Association">Portland Cement Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_for_Structural_Concrete" title="International Federation for Structural Concrete">International Federation for Structural Concrete</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurocode_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurocode 2">Eurocode 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EN_197-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EN 197-1 (page does not exist)">EN 197-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EN_206-1" class="mw-redirect" title="EN 206-1">EN 206-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EN_10080" title="EN 10080">EN 10080</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hempcrete" title="Hempcrete">Hempcrete</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 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