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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">丕賱賱賷爻鬲丞丕賱乇卅賷爻賷丞</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">丨賵賾賱賱賱亘丕賳囟丞丿丕賱噩賳亘</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">禺亘賾賷</button> </div> <div id="p-encyclopedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-encyclopedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 賱賲賵爻賵毓丞 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7" title="爻賷乇賱賱氐賮丨丞丕賱賱賾賵賱丕 [z]" accesskey="z"><span>丕賱氐賮丨丞丕賱賱賵賱丞</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A2%D8%AE%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AB" title="卮賵賮卮賳賵胤丕乇賷賮賱毓丕賱賲"><span>賱兀丨丿丕鬲丕賱賱禺乇丞</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="賯丕卅賲丞丿賷丕賱丌禺乇丕賱鬲睾賷賷乇丕鬲賮賱賵賷賰賷 [r]" accesskey="r"><span>丕賱鬲亘丿賷賱丕鬲丕賱賱禺乇丞</span></a></li><li id="n-wrecentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9"><span>鬲亘丿賷賱丕鬲毓賳丿賴丕毓賱丕賯丞</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%B9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="卮丕乇噩賷氐賮丨丞毓卮賵丕卅賷丞 [x]" accesskey="x"><span>氐賮丨丞賰賷賲丕賰丕賳鬲</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-contributing" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-contributing" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 賱賲爻丕賴賲丞 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7"><span>鬲丕氐賱亘賷賳丕</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A9:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A9" title="賮賷賳鬲賱賯丕賱賲毓丕賵賳丞"><span>賲毓丕賵賳丞</span></a></li><li id="n-communityportal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9"><span>爻丕丨丞丿丕賱噩賲丕毓丞</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86"><span>賱亘乇賱賲丕賳</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-lang" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 亘賱賵睾丕鬲丌禺乇丕 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="賵賷賰賷倬賷丿賷丕" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ary.svg" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 2.1875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ary.svg" width="94" height="18" style="width: 5.875em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width 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id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=ary.wikipedia.org&uselang=ary" class=""><span>丿毓賲賵賷賰賷賲賷丿賷丕</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8&returnto=%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%3A%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA&returntoquery=centralAuthAutologinTried%3D1%26centralAuthError%3DNot%2Bcentrally%2Blogged%2Bin" title="賰賳卮噩毓賵賰亘丕卮鬲氐丕賵亘丨爻丕亘賵鬲爻噩賱丕賱丿禺賵賱貨賵賱賰賳毓賱賶兀賷賴丕丿卮賷賲丕卮賷囟乇賵乇賷" class=""><span>丿賷乇賰賵賳胤</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item active user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85&returnto=%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%3A%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA&returntoquery=centralAuthAutologinTried%3D1%26centralAuthError%3DNot%2Bcentrally%2Blogged%2Bin" title="丨爻賳賱賷賰鬲爻噩賱丕賱丿禺賵賱貨賵賱賰賳賲丕卮賷囟乇賵乇賷 [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>丿禺賱</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="丕賱賲夭賷丿賲賳丕賱禺賷丕乇丕鬲" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="兀丿賵丕鬲卮禺氐賷丞" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">兀丿賵丕鬲卮禺氐賷丞</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="賯丕卅賲丞丕賱賲爻鬲禺丿賲" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=ary.wikipedia.org&uselang=ary"><span>丿毓賲賵賷賰賷賲賷丿賷丕</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%85"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>爻丕賴賲</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8&returnto=%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%3A%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA&returntoquery=centralAuthAutologinTried%3D1%26centralAuthError%3DNot%2Bcentrally%2Blogged%2Bin" title="賰賳卮噩毓賵賰亘丕卮鬲氐丕賵亘丨爻丕亘賵鬲爻噩賱丕賱丿禺賵賱貨賵賱賰賳毓賱賶兀賷賴丕丿卮賷賲丕卮賷囟乇賵乇賷"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>丿賷乇賰賵賳胤</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item active"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85&returnto=%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%3A%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA&returntoquery=centralAuthAutologinTried%3D1%26centralAuthError%3DNot%2Bcentrally%2Blogged%2Bin" title="丨爻賳賱賷賰鬲爻噩賱丕賱丿禺賵賱貨賵賱賰賳賲丕卮賷囟乇賵乇賷 [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>丿禺賱</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 氐賮丨丕鬲賱賱賲丨乇乇賷賳丕賱匕賷賳爻噩賻賾賱賵丕禺乇賵噩賴賲 <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A9:%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A9" aria-label="鬲毓賱賻賾賲丕賱賲夭賷丿亘禺氐賵氐丕賱鬲丨乇賷乇"><span>鬲毓賱賻賾賲丕賱賲夭賷丿</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A" title="賲丿丕賰乇丞毓賱賶鬲亘丿賷賱丕鬲賲賳賴丕丿賱丕丿乇賷爻丞丿賱兀賷倬賷 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>賲丿丕賰乇丞</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="丕賱賲賵賯毓"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">鬲賰賵賳賷賰胤丕</h1> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="賲噩丕賱丕鬲爻賲賷丕鬲賷丞"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="睾賷賾乇賱賴噩丞丕賱賱睾丞" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">丕賱丿丕乇噩丞</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="卮賵賮丕鬲"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="兀丿賵丕鬲丕賱氐賮丨丞"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="兀丿賵丕鬲" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">兀丿賵丕鬲</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">兀丿賵丕鬲</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">丨賵賾賱賱賱亘丕賳囟丞丿丕賱噩賳亘</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">禺亘賾賷</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet" title="丕賱賲夭賷丿賲賳丕賱禺賷丕乇丕鬲" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 兀賮毓丕賱 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 毓丕賲賾 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%A9" title="賯丕卅賲丞丿賷丕賱诏丕毓丕賱氐賮丨丕鬲丕賱禺丕氐丞 [q]" accesskey="q"><span>氐賮丨丕鬲禺丕氐丞</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="冥賷乇夭賷賵賳丿賷丕賱賴丕丿丕賱氐賮丨丞亘丕卮胤亘毓賴丕 [p]" accesskey="p"><span>胤亘毓賴丕丿氐賮丨丞</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fary.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3D%25D8%25AE%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B5%3A%25D8%25AF%25D8%25AE%25D9%2588%25D9%2584_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AE%25D8%25AF%25D9%2585%26centralAuthAutologinTried%3D1%26centralAuthError%3DNot%2Bcentrally%2Blogged%2Bin%26returnto%3D%25D9%2588%25D9%258A%25D9%2583%25D9%258A%25D9%25BE%25D9%258A%25D8%25AF%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%253A%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA"><span>賱賷丕賳賲禺鬲丕氐乇</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fary.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3D%25D8%25AE%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B5%3A%25D8%25AF%25D8%25AE%25D9%2588%25D9%2584_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AE%25D8%25AF%25D9%2585%26centralAuthAutologinTried%3D1%26centralAuthError%3DNot%2Bcentrally%2Blogged%2Bin%26returnto%3D%25D9%2588%25D9%258A%25D9%2583%25D9%258A%25D9%25BE%25D9%258A%25D8%25AF%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%253A%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA"><span>胤賷賱賷卮丕乇噩賷賱賰賵囟 QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 賮賲卮丕乇賷毓禺乇丞 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="兀丿賵丕鬲丕賱氐賮丨丞"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="丕賱爻賷賮丞"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">丕賱爻賷賮丞</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">丨賵賾賱賱賱亘丕賳囟丞丿丕賱噩賳亘</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">禺亘賾賷</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div id="userloginprompt"></div><div id="languagelinks"><p>賱賵睾丞: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85&returnto=%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%3A%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA&uselang=de" class="mw-authentication-popup-link" title="禺丕氐:丿禺賵賱丕賱賲爻鬲禺丿賲" hreflang="de" lang="de">Deutsch</a> | <a 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