CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Individual action on climate change - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"7eba7631-7d9a-4b56-a057-9438cd3f8edd","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Individual_action_on_climate_change","wgTitle":"Individual action on climate change","wgCurRevisionId":1276145181,"wgRevisionId":1276145181,"wgArticleId":31253390,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list","CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list","Articles with imported Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 text","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2021","All articles containing potentially dated statements", "Wikipedia articles in need of updating from November 2024","All Wikipedia articles in need of updating","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2020","Wikipedia articles in need of updating from November 2021","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September 2022","Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets via Module:Annotated link","Climate change policy","Environmental ethics","Climate change and society","Politics of climate change"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Individual_action_on_climate_change","wgRelevantArticleId":31253390,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{ "pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q6025269","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready", "skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints", "ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/People%27s_Climate_March_2017_in_Washington_DC_39.jpg/1200px-People%27s_Climate_March_2017_in_Washington_DC_39.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="965"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/People%27s_Climate_March_2017_in_Washington_DC_39.jpg/800px-People%27s_Climate_March_2017_in_Washington_DC_39.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="643"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/People%27s_Climate_March_2017_in_Washington_DC_39.jpg/640px-People%27s_Climate_March_2017_in_Washington_DC_39.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="514"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Individual action on climate change - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individual_action_on_climate_change"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individual_action_on_climate_change"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Individual_action_on_climate_change rootpage-Individual_action_on_climate_change skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages">Special pages</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Individual+action+on+climate+change" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Individual+action+on+climate+change" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Individual+action+on+climate+change" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Individual+action+on+climate+change" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Suggested_individual_target_amount" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suggested_individual_target_amount"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Suggested individual target amount </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Suggested_individual_target_amount-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Suggested individual target amount subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Suggested_individual_target_amount-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Meaning_of_"lifestyle_carbon_footprint"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meaning_of_"lifestyle_carbon_footprint""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Meaning of "lifestyle carbon footprint" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meaning_of_"lifestyle_carbon_footprint"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Travel_and_commuting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Travel_and_commuting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Travel and commuting </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Travel_and_commuting-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Travel and commuting subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Travel_and_commuting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Walking_and_biking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Walking_and_biking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Walking and biking </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Walking_and_biking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Public transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electric_cars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electric_cars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Electric cars </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electric_cars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carpooling_and_ride-sharing_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carpooling_and_ride-sharing_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Carpooling and ride-sharing services </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carpooling_and_ride-sharing_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Air transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Home_energy_and_landscaping" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Home_energy_and_landscaping"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Home energy and landscaping </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Home_energy_and_landscaping-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Home energy and landscaping subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Home_energy_and_landscaping-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Low_energy_products_and_consumption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Low_energy_products_and_consumption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Low energy products and consumption </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Low_energy_products_and_consumption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landscape_and_gardens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landscape_and_gardens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Landscape and gardens </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landscape_and_gardens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Laundry_and_choice_of_clothing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Laundry_and_choice_of_clothing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Laundry and choice of clothing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Laundry_and_choice_of_clothing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hot_water_consumption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hot_water_consumption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Hot water consumption </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hot_water_consumption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demand_reduction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demand_reduction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Demand reduction </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demand_reduction-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demand reduction subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demand_reduction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Less_consumption_of_goods_and_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Less_consumption_of_goods_and_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Less consumption of goods and services </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Less_consumption_of_goods_and_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reducing_food_loss" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reducing_food_loss"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Reducing food loss </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reducing_food_loss-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eating_a_plant-rich_diet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eating_a_plant-rich_diet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Eating a plant-rich diet </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eating_a_plant-rich_diet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eating_beef_is_the_worst_dietary_habit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eating_beef_is_the_worst_dietary_habit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Eating beef is the worst dietary habit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eating_beef_is_the_worst_dietary_habit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moderate_drinking_is_good_for_the_planet's_health_too" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moderate_drinking_is_good_for_the_planet's_health_too"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Moderate drinking is good for the planet's health too </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moderate_drinking_is_good_for_the_planet's_health_too-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family_planning_aspects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_planning_aspects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Family planning aspects </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_planning_aspects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Others </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Others-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Others subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Personal_finance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_finance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Personal finance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_finance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Digital_services_and_cryptocurrencies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Digital_services_and_cryptocurrencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Digital services and cryptocurrencies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Digital_services_and_cryptocurrencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_advocacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_advocacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Political advocacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_advocacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Political advocacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Political_advocacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Activist_movements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Activist_movements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Activist movements </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Activist_movements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reform_of_subsidies_and_taxes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reform_of_subsidies_and_taxes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Reform of subsidies and taxes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reform_of_subsidies_and_taxes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate_conversations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_conversations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Climate conversations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_conversations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_contagion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_contagion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Social contagion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_contagion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparison_of_impacts_of_individual_actions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_of_impacts_of_individual_actions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Comparison of impacts of individual actions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Comparison_of_impacts_of_individual_actions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Comparison of impacts of individual actions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Comparison_of_impacts_of_individual_actions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Controversies_around_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies_around_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Controversies around significance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversies_around_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Misleading_information_on_individual_actions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Misleading_information_on_individual_actions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Misleading information on individual actions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Misleading_information_on_individual_actions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate_inaction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_inaction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Climate inaction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_inaction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Individual action on climate change</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 7 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-7" aria-hidden="true" > 7 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE" title="الإجراءات الفردية المتعلقة بتغير المناخ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الإجراءات الفردية المتعلقة بتغير المناخ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acci%C3%B3n_individual_contra_el_cambio_clim%C3%A1tico" title="Acción individual contra el cambio climático – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Acción individual contra el cambio climático" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%BA%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85" title="اقدام فردی درباره تغییر اقلیم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اقدام فردی درباره تغییر اقلیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tindakan_individu_terhadap_perubahan_iklim" title="Tindakan individu terhadap perubahan iklim – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tindakan individu terhadap perubahan iklim" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%A4%89%E5%8B%95%E3%81%AB%E5%AF%BE%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E5%80%8B%E3%80%85%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%AE%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="気候変動に対する個々人の行動 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="気候変動に対する個々人の行動" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%BE%D9%87_%D8%A7%DA%93%D9%87_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85" title="د اقلیمي بدلون په اړه فردي اقدام – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د اقلیمي بدلون په اړه فردي اقدام" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="موسمیاتی تبدیلی پر انفرادی کارروائی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="موسمیاتی تبدیلی پر انفرادی کارروائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6025269#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Individual_action_on_climate_change" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Individual_action_on_climate_change" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Individual_action_on_climate_change">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Individual_action_on_climate_change">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Individual_action_on_climate_change" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Individual_action_on_climate_change" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&oldid=1276145181" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Individual_action_on_climate_change&id=1276145181&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIndividual_action_on_climate_change">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIndividual_action_on_climate_change">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6025269" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">What everyone can do to limit climate change</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:People%27s_Climate_March_2017_in_Washington_DC_39.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/People%27s_Climate_March_2017_in_Washington_DC_39.jpg/220px-People%27s_Climate_March_2017_in_Washington_DC_39.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/People%27s_Climate_March_2017_in_Washington_DC_39.jpg/330px-People%27s_Climate_March_2017_in_Washington_DC_39.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/People%27s_Climate_March_2017_in_Washington_DC_39.jpg/440px-People%27s_Climate_March_2017_in_Washington_DC_39.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3772" data-file-height="3032" /></a><figcaption>A demonstrator taking action through <a href="/wiki/Climate_activism" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate activism">climate activism</a> at the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Climate_March_(2017)" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Climate March (2017)">People's Climate March (2017)</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></figcaption></figure>Individual action on climate change describes the personal choices that everyone can make to reduce the <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">greenhouse gas emissions</a> of their <a href="/wiki/Lifestyle_(social_sciences)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifestyle (social sciences)">lifestyles</a> and catalyze <a href="/wiki/Climate_action" title="Climate action">climate action</a>. These actions can focus directly on how choices create emissions, such as reducing consumption of meat or flying, or can be more focus on inviting political action on climate or creating greater awareness how society can become more green. <a href="/wiki/Overconsumption" class="mw-redirect" title="Overconsumption">Excessive consumption</a> is one of the most significant contributors to <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> and other environmental issue than <a href="/wiki/Population_growth" title="Population growth">population increase</a>, although some experts contend that population remains a significant factor.<a href="#cite_note-Crist2022-1">[1]</a> High consumption lifestyles have a greater environmental impact, with the richest 10% of people emitting about half the total lifestyle emissions.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Creating changes in personal lifestyle, can change social and market conditions leading to less environmental impact. People who wish to reduce their <a href="/wiki/Carbon_footprint" title="Carbon footprint">carbon footprint</a> (particularly those in <a href="/wiki/High_income_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="High income countries">high income countries</a> with <a href="/wiki/Overconsumption_(economics)" title="Overconsumption (economics)">high consumption</a> lifestyles), can for example reduce their <a href="/wiki/Air_travel" title="Air travel">air travel</a> for holidays, use bicycles instead of cars on a daily basis, eat a <a href="/wiki/Plant-based_diet" title="Plant-based diet">plant-based diet</a>, and use consumer products for longer.<a href="#cite_note-:18-4">[4]</a> Avoiding <a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_meat_production" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental impact of meat production">meat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dairy_product" title="Dairy product">dairy products</a> has been called "the single biggest way" individuals can reduce their environmental impacts.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Some commentators say that actions taken by individual consumers, such as adopting a <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_lifestyles" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable lifestyles">sustainable lifestyle</a>, are insignificant compared to <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_climate_change" title="Politics of climate change">actions on the political level</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:14-6">[6]</a> Others say that individual action does lead to collective action because "<a href="/wiki/Lifestyle_(sociology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifestyle (sociology)">lifestyle change</a> can build momentum for <a href="/wiki/Structural_fix" title="Structural fix">systemic change</a>."<a href="#cite_note-:15-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Other commentors have highlighted how the concept of <a href="/wiki/Carbon_footprint" title="Carbon footprint">individual carbon footprint</a> was advanced by fossil fuel companies, like British Petroleum in order to reduce the culpability of fossil fuel companies.<a href="#cite_note-:16-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-:21-10">[10]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Suggested_individual_target_amount">Suggested individual target amount</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Suggested individual target amount">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:177px;max-width:177px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:130px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:20210818_Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_income_category_-_UN_Emissions_Gap_Report.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/20210818_Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_income_category_-_UN_Emissions_Gap_Report.svg/175px-20210818_Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_income_category_-_UN_Emissions_Gap_Report.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/20210818_Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_income_category_-_UN_Emissions_Gap_Report.svg/263px-20210818_Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_income_category_-_UN_Emissions_Gap_Report.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/20210818_Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_income_category_-_UN_Emissions_Gap_Report.svg/350px-20210818_Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_income_category_-_UN_Emissions_Gap_Report.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Emissions of the richest 1% are more than twice that of the poorest 50%.<a href="#cite_note-UNEmissionsGap_2020-11">[11]</a> Compliance with the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a>'s 1.5°C goal would require the richest 1% to reduce emissions by at least 30 times, while per-person emissions of the poorest 50% could approximately triple.<a href="#cite_note-UNEmissionsGap_2020-11">[11]</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:211px;max-width:211px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:130px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:2021_CO2_emissions_by_income_decile_-_International_Energy_Agency_IEA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/2021_CO2_emissions_by_income_decile_-_International_Energy_Agency_IEA.svg/209px-2021_CO2_emissions_by_income_decile_-_International_Energy_Agency_IEA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="209" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/2021_CO2_emissions_by_income_decile_-_International_Energy_Agency_IEA.svg/314px-2021_CO2_emissions_by_income_decile_-_International_Energy_Agency_IEA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/2021_CO2_emissions_by_income_decile_-_International_Energy_Agency_IEA.svg/418px-2021_CO2_emissions_by_income_decile_-_International_Energy_Agency_IEA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="750" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Though total CO2 emissions (size of pie charts) differ substantially among high-emitting regions, the pattern of higher income classes emitting more than lower income classes is consistent across regions.<a href="#cite_note-IEA_20230222-12">[12]</a> The world’s top 1% of emitters emit over 1000 times more than the bottom 1%.<a href="#cite_note-IEA_20230222-12">[12]</a></div></div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2021_Carbon_dioxide_(CO2)_emissions_per_person_versus_GDP_per_person_-_scatter_plot.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/2021_Carbon_dioxide_%28CO2%29_emissions_per_person_versus_GDP_per_person_-_scatter_plot.svg/220px-2021_Carbon_dioxide_%28CO2%29_emissions_per_person_versus_GDP_per_person_-_scatter_plot.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/2021_Carbon_dioxide_%28CO2%29_emissions_per_person_versus_GDP_per_person_-_scatter_plot.svg/330px-2021_Carbon_dioxide_%28CO2%29_emissions_per_person_versus_GDP_per_person_-_scatter_plot.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/2021_Carbon_dioxide_%28CO2%29_emissions_per_person_versus_GDP_per_person_-_scatter_plot.svg/440px-2021_Carbon_dioxide_%28CO2%29_emissions_per_person_versus_GDP_per_person_-_scatter_plot.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Scaling the effect of wealth to the national level: richer <a href="/wiki/Developed_country" title="Developed country">(developed)</a> countries emit more CO2 per person than poorer <a href="/wiki/Developing_country" title="Developing country">(developing)</a> countries.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost_20230301-13">[13]</a> Emissions are roughly proportional to <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> per person, though the rate of increase diminishes with average GDP/pp of about $10,000.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" title="Climate change mitigation">Climate change mitigation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">Greenhouse gas emissions</a></div> As of 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit">[update]</a> the remaining <a href="/wiki/Carbon_budget" title="Carbon budget">carbon budget</a> for a 50-50 chance of staying below 1.5 degrees of warming is 460 bn tonnes of CO2 or <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>11+1⁄2 years at 2020 emission rates.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_greenhouse_gas_emissions_per_capita" title="List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions per capita">Global average greenhouse gas per person</a> per year in the late 2010s was about 7 tonnes<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> – including 0.7 tonnes <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_equivalent" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon dioxide equivalent">CO2eq</a> food, 1.1 tonnes from the home, and 0.8 tonnes from transport.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Of this about 5 tonnes was actual carbon dioxide.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> To meet the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a> target of under 1.5 degrees warming by the end of the century, it is estimated that the annual <a href="/wiki/Contraction_and_Convergence" title="Contraction and Convergence">carbon footprint per person required</a> by 2030 is 2.3 tonnes.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] As of 2020<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit">[update]</a> the average Indian almost meets this target,<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> the average person in France<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> or China overshoots it, and the average person in the US and Australia vastly overshoots it. Per capita emissions also vary significantly within countries, with wealthier individuals creating more emissions.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> A 2015 Oxfam report calculated that the wealthiest 10% of the global population were responsible for half of all greenhouse gas emissions.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> According to a 2021 report by the UN, the wealthiest 5% contributed nearly 40% of emissions growth from 1990 to 2015.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> The <a href="/wiki/IPCC_Sixth_Assessment_Report" title="IPCC Sixth Assessment Report">IPCC Sixth Assessment Report</a> pointed out in 2022: "To enhance well-being, people demand services and not <a href="/wiki/Primary_energy" title="Primary energy">primary energy</a> and physical <a href="/wiki/Resource" title="Resource">resources</a> per se. Focusing on demand for services and the different social and political roles people play broadens the participation in <a href="/wiki/Climate_action" title="Climate action">climate action</a>."<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a>: TS-98  The report explains that behavior, <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_lifestyle" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable lifestyle">lifestyle</a>, and cultural change have a high <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" title="Climate change mitigation">climate change mitigation</a> potential in some sectors, particularly when complementing technological and structural change.<a href="#cite_note-:13-26">[26]</a>: 5–3  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Meaning_of_"lifestyle_carbon_footprint"">Meaning of "lifestyle carbon footprint"</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Meaning of "lifestyle carbon footprint"">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Carbon_footprint" title="Carbon footprint">Carbon footprint</a></div>The carbon footprint was originally coined and popularized by the ad campaign Beyond Petroleum in 2004–2006, funded by <a href="/wiki/BP" title="BP">British Petroleum (BP)</a>, for which other have accused them of popularizing to downplay their own culpability.<a href="#cite_note-:16-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-:21-10">[10]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_vast_majority_say_they_are_making_efforts_to_reduce_their_contribution_to_climate_change,_but_few_are_making_radical_lifestyle_changes..svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/A_vast_majority_say_they_are_making_efforts_to_reduce_their_contribution_to_climate_change%2C_but_few_are_making_radical_lifestyle_changes..svg/300px-A_vast_majority_say_they_are_making_efforts_to_reduce_their_contribution_to_climate_change%2C_but_few_are_making_radical_lifestyle_changes..svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="363" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/A_vast_majority_say_they_are_making_efforts_to_reduce_their_contribution_to_climate_change%2C_but_few_are_making_radical_lifestyle_changes..svg/450px-A_vast_majority_say_they_are_making_efforts_to_reduce_their_contribution_to_climate_change%2C_but_few_are_making_radical_lifestyle_changes..svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/A_vast_majority_say_they_are_making_efforts_to_reduce_their_contribution_to_climate_change%2C_but_few_are_making_radical_lifestyle_changes..svg/600px-A_vast_majority_say_they_are_making_efforts_to_reduce_their_contribution_to_climate_change%2C_but_few_are_making_radical_lifestyle_changes..svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2730" data-file-height="3300" /></a><figcaption>A vast majority of people surveyed for the European Investment Bank Climate Survey say they are making efforts to reduce their contribution to climate change, but few are making radical lifestyle changes.</figcaption></figure> In 2008 the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> wrote that "Your '<a href="/wiki/Carbon_footprint" title="Carbon footprint">carbon footprint</a>' is a measure of the impact your activities have on the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) produced through the burning of fossil fuels".<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> In 2019 the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies in Japan defined "lifestyle carbon footprint" as "GHG emissions directly emitted and indirectly induced from the final consumption of households, excluding those induced by government consumption and capital formation such as infrastructure."<a href="#cite_note-:5-28">[28]</a>: v  However an Oxfam and SEI study in 2020 estimated per capita CO2 emissions rather than CO2-equivalent, and allocated all consumption emissions to individuals rather than just household consumption.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> According to a 2020 review many academic studies do not properly explain the scope of the "personal carbon footprint" they study.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Travel_and_commuting">Travel and commuting</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Travel and commuting">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Car#Environmental_impact" title="Car">Car § Environmental impact</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions#Transport_of_people_and_goods" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">Greenhouse gas emissions § Transport of people and goods</a></div>A comparison of travel options shows: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walking" title="Walking">Walking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Running" title="Running">running</a> are among the least environmentally harmful modes of transportation.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling" title="Cycling">Cycling</a> follows walking and running as having a low impact on the environment.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">Public transport</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Electric_bus" title="Electric bus">electric buses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">metro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electric_locomotive" title="Electric locomotive">electric trains</a> generally emit less greenhouse gases than cars per passenger.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Walking_and_biking">Walking and biking</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Walking and biking">edit</a>]</div> Walking and biking emit little to no greenhouse gases and are healthy alternatives to driving or riding public transportation.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> There are also increasing numbers of bike-sharing services in urban environments.<a href="#cite_note-:7-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transport">Public transport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Public transport">edit</a>]</div> Reliable public transportation can be one of the most viable alternatives to driving personal vehicles.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> While there are efficiency problems associated with public transportation (waiting times, missed transfers, unreliable schedules, energy consumption), they can be improved as funding and public interest increases and technology advances.<a href="#cite_note-:6-34">[34]</a> A 2022 survey found that 33% of car buyers in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> will opt for a <a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">petrol or diesel car</a> when purchasing a new vehicle. 67% of the respondents mentioned opting for the hybrid or electric version.<a href="#cite_note-:282-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> In the EU, only 13% of the total population do not plan on owning a vehicle at all.<a href="#cite_note-:282-35">[35]</a> 44% of Chinese car buyers, on the other hand, are the most likely to buy an electric car.<a href="#cite_note-:282-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electric_cars">Electric cars</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Electric cars">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AxelWilkeElectricBus-5060.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/AxelWilkeElectricBus-5060.jpg/220px-AxelWilkeElectricBus-5060.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/AxelWilkeElectricBus-5060.jpg/330px-AxelWilkeElectricBus-5060.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/AxelWilkeElectricBus-5060.jpg/440px-AxelWilkeElectricBus-5060.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4534" data-file-height="3018" /></a><figcaption>Battery electric bus</figcaption></figure> There are many options to choose from when considering alternatives to personal car use, but the use of a personal vehicle may be necessary due to location and accessibility reasons.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Life-cycle_assessment" title="Life-cycle assessment">life cycle assessment</a> of a vehicle evaluates the environmental impact of the production of the vehicle and its spare parts, the fuel consumption of the vehicle, and what happens to the vehicle at the end of its lifespan.<a href="#cite_note-:9-39">[39]</a> These environmental impacts can be measured in <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">greenhouse gas emissions</a>, solid waste produced, and consumption of energy resources among other factors.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-:9-39">[39]</a> Increasingly common alternatives to <a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">internal-combustion engines</a> vehicles are <a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicle" title="Electric vehicle">electric vehicles (EVs)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_electric_vehicle" title="Hybrid electric vehicle">hybrid-electric vehicles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:10-41">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carpooling_and_ride-sharing_services">Carpooling and ride-sharing services</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Carpooling and ride-sharing services">edit</a>]</div> Carpooling and ride-sharing services are also alternatives to personal transportation. Carpooling reduces the number of cars on the road, in turn reducing the amount of traffic and energy consumption.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ridesharing_company" title="Ridesharing company">Car ride-sharing services</a> like <a href="/wiki/Uber" title="Uber">Uber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lyft" title="Lyft">Lyft</a> could be viable options for transportation, but according to the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Concerned_Scientists" title="Union of Concerned Scientists">Union of Concerned Scientists</a>, ride-share service trips currently result in an estimated 69% increase in climate pollution on average.<a href="#cite_note-:2-43">[43]</a> There are more vehicles on the road as a result of passengers who would have otherwise taken public transportation, walked, or biked to their destination.<a href="#cite_note-:2-43">[43]</a> Ride-sharing services can reduce emissions if they implement strategies like electrifying vehicles and increase carpooling trips.<a href="#cite_note-:2-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_transport">Air transport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Air transport">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_aviation" title="Environmental impact of aviation">Environmental impact of aviation</a></div> Air travel is one of the most emission-intensive modes of transportation.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> The current most effective way to reduce personal emissions from air travel is to fly less.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-46">[46]</a> New technologies are being developed to allow for more efficient fuel consumption and planes powered by electricity.<a href="#cite_note-:8-46">[46]</a> Avoiding air travel and particularly <a href="/wiki/Frequent-flyer_program#Flight_shame" title="Frequent-flyer program">frequent flyer programs</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> has a high benefit because the convenience makes <a href="/wiki/Hypermobility_(travel)" title="Hypermobility (travel)">frequent, long-distance travel</a> easy, and <a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_aviation#Mechanisms_and_Cumulative_Effects_of_aviation_on_Climate" title="Environmental impact of aviation">high-altitude emissions</a> are more potent for the climate than the same emissions made at ground level. Aviation is much more difficult to fix technically than surface transport,<a href="#cite_note-NS-48">[48]</a> so will need more individual action in future if the <a href="/wiki/Carbon_Offsetting_and_Reduction_Scheme_for_International_Aviation" title="Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation">Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation</a> cannot be made to work properly.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Flying is responsible for 5 percent of global warming.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Compared to longer flight routes, shorter flights actually produce larger amounts of greenhouse gas emissions per passenger they carry and mile covered, so individuals may consider train travel instead but this can be more expensive due to aviation subsidies.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Airplanes contribute to damaging our environment since airplanes cause greater <a href="/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">air pollution</a> as they release carbon dioxide along with <a href="/wiki/NOx" title="NOx">nitrogen oxides</a>, which is an atmospheric pollutant. Exhaust emissions lead to changes in the amounts of the greenhouse gases <a href="/wiki/Ozone" title="Ozone">ozone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Methane" title="Methane">methane</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Avoiding night-flights may help, as <a href="/wiki/Contrail" title="Contrail">contrails</a> may account for over half of aviation's climate change impact.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Climate change is a factor that 67% of Europeans consider when choosing where to go on holiday. 52% of Europeans, specifically 37% of people ages 30–64 and 25% of people aged above 65, state that in 2022 they will choose to travel by plane. 27% of young people claim they will travel to a faraway destination. More specifically, people under the age of 30 are more likely to consider climate implications of vacation spots and air travel.<a href="#cite_note-:283-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-:262-55">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Home_energy_and_landscaping">Home energy and landscaping</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Home energy and landscaping">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Solar_panels_on_a_roof.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Solar_panels_on_a_roof.jpg/220px-Solar_panels_on_a_roof.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Solar_panels_on_a_roof.jpg/330px-Solar_panels_on_a_roof.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Solar_panels_on_a_roof.jpg/440px-Solar_panels_on_a_roof.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2043" data-file-height="1037" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Solar_panel" title="Solar panel">Solar panels</a> on roof of a home to generate energy from a renewable energy source</figcaption></figure>Reducing home energy use through measures such as <a href="/wiki/Building_insulation" title="Building insulation">insulation</a>, better energy efficiency of appliances, <a href="/wiki/Reflective_surfaces_(climate_engineering)" title="Reflective surfaces (climate engineering)">cool roofs</a>, heat reflective paints,<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> lowering water heater temperature, and improving heating and cooling efficiency can significantly reduce an individual's carbon footprint.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> After home insulation and ventilation has been checked, replacing a failed <a href="/wiki/Gas_boiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas boiler">gas boiler</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Heat_pump" title="Heat pump">heat pump</a> makes a considerable difference,<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> especially in climates where both heating and cooling are required.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> In addition, the choice of energy used to heat, cool, and power homes makes a difference in the carbon footprint of individual homes.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Many energy suppliers in various countries worldwide have options to purchase part or pure "<a href="/wiki/Green_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Green energy">green energy</a>" (usually electricity but occasionally also gas).<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> These methods of energy production emit almost no greenhouse gases once they are up and running. Installing <a href="/wiki/Rooftop_solar" class="mw-redirect" title="Rooftop solar">rooftop solar</a>, both on a household and community scale, also drastically reduces household emissions, and at scale could be a major contributor to greenhouse gas abatement.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Low_energy_products_and_consumption">Low energy products and consumption</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Low energy products and consumption">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heating,_air_conditioning_and_daily_mobility_are_the_areas_where_people_believe_their_individual_actions_can_have_the_greatest_impact_on_reducing_their_carbon_footprint.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Heating%2C_air_conditioning_and_daily_mobility_are_the_areas_where_people_believe_their_individual_actions_can_have_the_greatest_impact_on_reducing_their_carbon_footprint.png/220px-thumbnail.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Heating%2C_air_conditioning_and_daily_mobility_are_the_areas_where_people_believe_their_individual_actions_can_have_the_greatest_impact_on_reducing_their_carbon_footprint.png/330px-thumbnail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Heating%2C_air_conditioning_and_daily_mobility_are_the_areas_where_people_believe_their_individual_actions_can_have_the_greatest_impact_on_reducing_their_carbon_footprint.png/440px-thumbnail.png 2x" data-file-width="1538" data-file-height="2046" /></a><figcaption>Survey showing that heating, air conditioning and daily mobility are the areas where people believe their individual actions can have the greatest impact on reducing their <a href="/wiki/Carbon_footprint" title="Carbon footprint">carbon footprint</a><a href="#cite_note-Bank-64">[64]</a></figcaption></figure> Labels, such as <a href="/wiki/Energy_Star" title="Energy Star">Energy Star</a> in the US, can be seen on many household appliances, home electronics, office equipment, heating and cooling equipment, windows, residential light fixtures, and other products. Energy star is a program in the U.S. that promotes energy efficiency. When buying air conditioning the choice of coolant is important.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <a href="/wiki/Carbon_emission_label" title="Carbon emission label">Carbon emission labels</a> describe the <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a> emissions created as a by-product of manufacturing, transporting, or disposing of a <a href="/wiki/Consumer_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumer product">consumer product</a>. Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) "present transparent, verified and comparable information about the life-cycle environmental impact of products".<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> These labels may help consumers choose lower energy products. Converting appliances such as stoves, water heaters and furnaces from gas to electric reduces emissions of <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">CO2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Methane_emissions" title="Methane emissions">methane</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landscape_and_gardens">Landscape and gardens</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Landscape and gardens">edit</a>]</div> Plants process carbon dioxide to make organic molecules like <a href="/wiki/Cellulose" title="Cellulose">cellulose</a>, sugars, starches, plant proteins, and oils. <a href="/wiki/Perennial_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Perennial plant">Perennials</a> keep a large proportion of those organic molecules for as long as they live, not releasing them until microorganisms <a href="/wiki/Decomposition" title="Decomposition">decompose</a> them after they die. Perennial plants like trees and shrubs contribute to the absorption of carbon dioxide from the air.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-:17-69">[69]</a> Annual plants that die each year release almost all of the CO2 that they take in. Grass lawns that live over the winter but die back above ground can also soak up a share of carbon dioxide, reducing that greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. However, both organic and synthetic fertilizers are sources of <a href="/wiki/NOx" title="NOx"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1123817410">'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-0000005C-QINU`"'</style>NOx</a>, and turfgrass lawns use 3 million tons of nitrogen-based fertilizer each year. That adds four to five tons of carbon to the atmosphere for every ton of nitrogen (660,000 tons of carbon dioxide/year). <a href="/wiki/NOx" title="NOx"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">NOx</a> is about 300 times more heat-absorbing than carbon dioxide.<a href="#cite_note-:03-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-:25-71">[71]</a> Soil microbes break down organic carbon into carbon dioxide. Reducing irrigation would slow the microbial activity of the soil and its production of carbon dioxide.<a href="#cite_note-:17-69">[69]</a> However, increased irrigation is required for lawn maintenance in areas that are becoming more arid due to climate change. Gas-powered lawnmowers and other power tools used for lawn maintenance produce carbon dioxide and <a href="/wiki/Methane" title="Methane">methane</a>, which are greenhouse gases.<a href="#cite_note-:03-70">[70]</a> Lawns management methods like fertilizers and fossil fuel-powered lawn equipment may outweigh any carbon sequestration from the perennial grass lawn.<a href="#cite_note-:25-71">[71]</a> Reducing irrigation, nitrogen fertilizer, chemical pesticides, and using hand tools instead of power tools that use fossil fuels can all reduce the climate impact of lawns.<a href="#cite_note-:32-72">[72]</a> Natural lawns promote <a href="/wiki/Pollination_by_insects" class="mw-redirect" title="Pollination by insects">pollination</a>, require no fertilization, require less frequent mowing, promote diversity, and use less water.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> There are many opportunities to plant trees and shrubs in the yard, along roads, in parks, and in public gardens. In addition, some charities plant fast-growing trees to help people in places with less tree coverage to restore the productivity of their lands.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Individuals can also plant home vegetable gardens that provide locally grown food, native plant gardens that provide a diversity of species, and trees and perennial shrubs that develop sustainable carbon <a href="/wiki/Carbon_sequestration" title="Carbon sequestration">sequestration</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:25-71">[71]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Europeans_and_Americans_are_the_most_willing_to_change_heating_and_cooling_habits,_while_Chinese_people_are_more_willing_to_change_everyday_mobility_habits.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Europeans_and_Americans_are_the_most_willing_to_change_heating_and_cooling_habits%2C_while_Chinese_people_are_more_willing_to_change_everyday_mobility_habits.png/220px-Europeans_and_Americans_are_the_most_willing_to_change_heating_and_cooling_habits%2C_while_Chinese_people_are_more_willing_to_change_everyday_mobility_habits.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Europeans_and_Americans_are_the_most_willing_to_change_heating_and_cooling_habits%2C_while_Chinese_people_are_more_willing_to_change_everyday_mobility_habits.png/330px-Europeans_and_Americans_are_the_most_willing_to_change_heating_and_cooling_habits%2C_while_Chinese_people_are_more_willing_to_change_everyday_mobility_habits.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Europeans_and_Americans_are_the_most_willing_to_change_heating_and_cooling_habits%2C_while_Chinese_people_are_more_willing_to_change_everyday_mobility_habits.png/440px-Europeans_and_Americans_are_the_most_willing_to_change_heating_and_cooling_habits%2C_while_Chinese_people_are_more_willing_to_change_everyday_mobility_habits.png 2x" data-file-width="1530" data-file-height="2070" /></a><figcaption>European and American respondents to a survey in 2022 are found the most willing to change heating and cooling habits, while Chinese people are more willing to change everyday mobility habits.<a href="#cite_note-Bank-64">[64]</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Laundry_and_choice_of_clothing">Laundry and choice of clothing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Laundry and choice of clothing">edit</a>]</div> Hanging laundry to dry saves energy that would have been used for heating, reducing clothing's carbon footprint.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Additionally, using a shorter, cold water wash cycle can conserve energy by as much as 66%.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Purchasing well-made, durable clothing, and avoiding "<a href="/wiki/Fast_fashion" title="Fast fashion">fast fashion</a>" is critical for reducing climate impact.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Some clothing is donated and/or recycled, meanwhile, the rest of the waste heads to landfills where they release "greenhouse gases".<a href="#cite_note-Copyright_©_2020-83">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hot_water_consumption">Hot water consumption</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Hot water consumption">edit</a>]</div> Domestic heated water using non-renewable resources such as gas contributes to significant global carbon dioxide emissions. As of 2020, most homes use gas or electric <a href="/wiki/Boiler" title="Boiler">boilers</a> to heat their water. Powering these boilers with renewable energy would reduce these emissions, although the cost of installation means this is not a universally viable option.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Turning off the water heater and using unheated water for laundry, bathing (weather permitting), dishes, and cleaning eliminates those emissions. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demand_reduction">Demand reduction</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Demand reduction">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation#Demand_reduction" title="Climate change mitigation">Climate change mitigation § Demand reduction</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Less_consumption_of_goods_and_services">Less consumption of goods and services</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Less consumption of goods and services">edit</a>]</div> The production of many <a href="/wiki/Goods_and_services" title="Goods and services">goods and services</a> results in the emission of greenhouse gases as well as <a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">pollution</a>. One way for individuals to decrease their environmental footprint is by consuming less goods and services. Decreasing the consumption of goods and services results in a lower demand, and lower supply (production) follows.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> Individuals can prioritize shrinking the consumption of those goods and services whose production results in relatively high pollution levels. Individuals can also prioritize discontinuing the use of those goods and services that offer little to no real utility by "speaking with their money", since unpopular products neither satisfy consumer wants/needs nor the environment's; however, government <a href="/wiki/Subsidy" title="Subsidy">subsidies</a> may prove "<a href="/wiki/Boycott" title="Boycott">boycott</a> buying" to be futile in some cases, enabling the producer.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> A climate survey found that in 2021 42% of Europeans, specifically 48% of women and 34% of men, already invest in second-hand clothing rather than buying new ones. Populations aged 15 to 29, are found more likely to do so.<a href="#cite_note-:28-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-:26-90">[90]</a> Education on sustainable consumption, specifically targeting children, is seen as a priority by 93% of Chinese citizens, 92% of EU, 88% of British citizens and 81% of Americans.<a href="#cite_note-:264-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-:27-92">[92]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a> has concluded that city dwellers can help with climate change if they (or we) simply "buy less stuff".<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Lloyd Alter suggests that one way to get a practical sense of <a href="/wiki/Embedded_emissions" title="Embedded emissions">embodied carbon</a> is to ask, "How much does your household weigh?"<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> For-profit companies usually promote and market their products as useful or needed to potential consumers, even when they in reality are harmful or wasteful to them and/or the environment. Individuals should be diligent in self-assessing and/or researching whether or not each product they purchase and consume is really of value to decrease consumption. If a <a href="/wiki/Gas_stove" title="Gas stove">gas stove</a> or other type of stove needs to be replaced in a new house, then an <a href="/wiki/Electric_stove" title="Electric stove">electric stove</a> is preferable. However, as cooking is usually a small part of household <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_Gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenhouse Gas">GHG</a> emissions, it is generally not worth changing a stove simply for climate reasons.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> Using durable reusable containers such as lunchboxes, "single-use" grocery and produce bags (can be used as light-duty trash bags), Tupperware, as well as buying local produce, minimally packaged foods and general items, all reduce carbon emissions and pollution from the production of single use containers and packaging. These tactics mitigate <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_Gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenhouse Gas">GHG</a> production by reducing demand for extra packaging and shipping of products.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reducing_food_loss">Reducing food loss</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Reducing food loss">edit</a>]</div> The world's food production is responsible for approximately a quarter of the greenhouse gas emissions produced by humanity each year,<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> with livestock alone accounting for 14.5% of the total greenhouse gas emissions.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> The carbon dioxide emissions associated with food are estimated to be 2.2 tons per person annually, from production to consumption.<a href="#cite_note-:19-100">[100]</a> If this is correct, it would mean that just the food aspect of daily life would nearly exhaust the entire Paris Agreement compliance goal of 2.3 tons <a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> per person per year. Therefore, reducing <a href="/wiki/Food_loss_and_waste" title="Food loss and waste">food loss</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> is absolutely essential, and in the 2020 <a href="/wiki/Drawdown_(climate)#Project_Drawdown" title="Drawdown (climate)">Project Drawdown</a>, it was identified as the top priority solution to address climate change.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> Fortunately, out of the 2.2 tons mentioned, 1.9 tons are considered reducible.<a href="#cite_note-:19-100">[100]</a> According to a 2023 study published in <a href="/wiki/Nature_Food" title="Nature Food">Nature Food</a>, carbon dioxide emissions resulting from food waste make up half of the total emissions in the entire food system.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> In the United States, it is estimated that 31% of food delivered to retail stores is discarded by either retailers or consumers.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Furthermore, the carbon dioxide emissions from food waste that decomposes in landfills, etc., amount to 2.5 kilograms of carbon dioxide per kilogram of food and also produce <a href="/wiki/Methane" title="Methane">methane</a>, a greenhouse gas with 25 times the warming potential of carbon dioxide.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> Food waste also represents a loss of the energy to transport foods from producers to consumers. According to a study published in <a href="/wiki/Nature_Food" title="Nature Food">Nature Food</a> in 2022, transportation-related emissions for food from producers to retail stores represent around 20% of the total emissions for vegetables and fruits,<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> while for refrigerated transport of items like meat, fresh fish, and dairy, it increases by an additional 20–30%.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> In addition to the waste of food itself, the disposal of packaging materials is also a significant concern. Reducing food waste contributes to reducing both global warming and <a href="/wiki/Plastic_pollution" title="Plastic pollution">environmental pollution caused by plastic packaging materials</a>. It is estimated that approximately 5% of the energy used to manufacture and distribute food products is attributed to packaging materials.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Plastic <a href="/wiki/Food_packaging" title="Food packaging">food packaging</a> materials are known for their significant environmental pollution, therefore they contribute not only to carbon dioxide emissions associated with plastic production but also to overall adverse environmental impacts.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Japan's excessive packaging culture in the context of food, has been criticized internationally in relation to Japanese plastic waste.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eating_a_plant-rich_diet">Eating a plant-rich diet</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Eating a plant-rich diet">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Low-carbon_diet" title="Low-carbon diet">Low-carbon diet</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vegan_pho_ingredients_(48839487786).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Vegan_pho_ingredients_%2848839487786%29.jpg/220px-Vegan_pho_ingredients_%2848839487786%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Vegan_pho_ingredients_%2848839487786%29.jpg/330px-Vegan_pho_ingredients_%2848839487786%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Vegan_pho_ingredients_%2848839487786%29.jpg/440px-Vegan_pho_ingredients_%2848839487786%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4275" data-file-height="3206" /></a><figcaption>Example of a <a href="/wiki/Low-carbon_diet" title="Low-carbon diet">low-carbon dish</a>: Vegan <a href="/wiki/Pho" title="Pho">pho</a> ingredients</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_meat_production" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental impact of meat production">Environmental impact of meat production</a> and <a href="/wiki/Veganism#Environmental_veganism" title="Veganism">Veganism § Environmental veganism</a></div> The world's <a href="/wiki/Food_system" title="Food system">food system</a> is responsible for about one-quarter of the planet-warming greenhouse gases that humans generate each year<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">livestock</a> sector alone contributing 14.5% of all anthropogenic GHG emissions.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> The 2019 <a href="/wiki/World_Scientists%27_Warning_to_Humanity#2019_warning_on_climate_change_and_2021_and_2022_updates" title="World Scientists' Warning to Humanity">World Scientists’ Warning of a Climate Emergency</a>, endorsed by over 11,000 scientists from more than 150 countries, stated that "eating mostly plant-based foods while reducing the global consumption of animal products, especially <a href="/wiki/Ruminant" title="Ruminant">ruminant</a> livestock, can improve human health and significantly lower GHG emissions."<a href="#cite_note-:20-117">[117]</a> The most common ruminant livestock are cattle and sheep. Agriculture is very difficult to fix technically so will need more individual action<a href="#cite_note-:4-118">[118]</a> or carbon offsetting than all other sectors except perhaps aviation.<a href="#cite_note-NS-48">[48]</a> <a href="/wiki/Low-carbon_diet" title="Low-carbon diet">Eating less meat</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">beef</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lamb_and_mutton" title="Lamb and mutton">lamb</a>, reduces emissions.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> A diet which is part of individual action on climate change is also good for health, averaging less than 15 g (about half an ounce) of red meat and 250 g dairy (about one glass of milk) per day.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> The <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> recommends <a href="/wiki/Trans-fat" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans-fat">trans-fats</a> make up less than 1% of total energy intake: ruminant trans-fats are found in beef, lamb, milk and cheese.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Special_Report_on_Climate_Change_and_Land" title="Special Report on Climate Change and Land">Special Report on Climate Change and Land</a> says that a shift towards plant-based diets would help to mitigate and adapt to climate change. <a href="/wiki/Ecologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecologist">Ecologist</a> Hans-Otto Pörtner, who contributed to the report, said "We don't want to tell people what to eat, but it would indeed be beneficial, for both climate and human health, if people in many rich countries consumed less meat, and if politics would create appropriate incentives to that effect."<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Meats such as beef have a higher climate impact since cows release methane, a greenhouse gas that is more harmful in the short-term than carbon dioxide.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Eating a plant-rich diet is listed as the #1 individual solution for climate change as modeled by <a href="/wiki/Project_Drawdown" class="mw-redirect" title="Project Drawdown">Project Drawdown</a>, based on avoided emissions from the production of animals and avoided emissions from additional deforestation for grazing land.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> A 2018 study indicated that one fifth of Americans are responsible for about half of the country's diet-related carbon emissions, due mostly to eating high levels of meat, especially beef.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> A 2022 study published in Nature Food found that if high-income nations switched to a <a href="/wiki/Plant-based_diet" title="Plant-based diet">plant-based diet</a>, vast amounts of land used for animal agriculture could be allowed to <a href="/wiki/Restoration_ecology" class="mw-redirect" title="Restoration ecology">return to their natural state</a>, which in turn has the potential to sequester 100 billion tons of CO2 by 2100. In addition to mitigating climate change, other benefits of this transition would include improved water quality, restoration of biodiversity, and reductions in air pollution.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> A 2022 survey found that half of Europeans (51%) support reducing the amount of meat and dairy products people may buy to combat climate change (11% more than Americans, who support it at 40%, but far lower than Chinese people, who support it at 73%). The same survey found that to assist individuals make more sustainable food decisions, 79% of Europeans support labelling all food with their <a href="/wiki/Carbon_footprint" title="Carbon footprint">carbon footprint</a> (Americans support it at 62%, but Chinese respondents support it at 88%).<a href="#cite_note-:1352-129">[129]</a> A 2023 paper published in <a href="/wiki/Nature_Food" title="Nature Food">Nature Food</a> found that <a href="/wiki/Vegan" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegan">vegan</a> diets reduce emissions, water pollution and land use by 75%, while also significantly reducing the destruction of <a href="/wiki/Wildlife" title="Wildlife">wildlife</a> and water usage.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eating_beef_is_the_worst_dietary_habit">Eating beef is the worst dietary habit</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Eating beef is the worst dietary habit">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ghg-per-kg-poore_(OWID_0476).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Ghg-per-kg-poore_%28OWID_0476%29.png/500px-Ghg-per-kg-poore_%28OWID_0476%29.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="353" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Ghg-per-kg-poore_%28OWID_0476%29.png/750px-Ghg-per-kg-poore_%28OWID_0476%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Ghg-per-kg-poore_%28OWID_0476%29.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO₂eq) per kilogram of each food. Quoted from Our World In Data<a href="#cite_note-:52-131">[131]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carbon-footprint-of-protein-foods-2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Carbon-footprint-of-protein-foods-2.png/500px-Carbon-footprint-of-protein-foods-2.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="488" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Carbon-footprint-of-protein-foods-2.png/750px-Carbon-footprint-of-protein-foods-2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Carbon-footprint-of-protein-foods-2.png/1000px-Carbon-footprint-of-protein-foods-2.png 2x" data-file-width="2678" data-file-height="2613" /></a><figcaption>Equivalent carbon dioxide emissions per unit of protein content from foods commonly considered to be protein sources. The height of the curve indicates the distribution of producers that emit that particular amount of equivalent carbon dioxide. Quoted from Our World In Data<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a></figcaption></figure> The majority of greenhouse gas emissions from food production come from land use change and farm-level processes. Farm-level emissions include both organic (manure management) and synthetic fertilizer applications, as well as ruminant enteric fermentation methane production. Together, these account for more than 80% of the carbon footprint of most foods. The largest meta-analysis of the global food system, published in Science in 2018, using data from over 38,000 commercial farms in 19 countries, estimated the total greenhouse gas emissions per kilogram of diverse foods.<a href="#cite_note-:35-133">[133]</a> Carbon dioxide is the most important greenhouse gas, but not the only one, and agriculture is a large source of <a href="/wiki/Methane" title="Methane">methane</a> and nitrous oxide, which are much more potent greenhouse gases than carbon dioxide. To capture all greenhouse gas emissions associated with these food production processes, the carbon footprint is expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent, taking into account all greenhouse gases besides carbon dioxide. Animal foods have a much larger carbon footprint than plant foods. Beef is the worst, with an equivalent carbon dioxide emission of 99.5 kg per kilogram of production. For lamb, it is 39.7 kg, for cheese, 23.9 kg, for pork, 12.3 kg, for chicken, 9.9 kg, and for peas, it is just 0.98 kg<a href="#cite_note-:35-133">[133]</a>. If we compare the equivalent carbon dioxide emission per 100 grams of protein from a food to compare nutritional value, beef is 49.9 kg, pork is 7.6 kg, chicken is 5.7 kg, and peas is 0.44 kg.<a href="#cite_note-:35-133">[133]</a> The reasons for beef’s particular inefficiency as a food source are the vast land and water resources (i.e., <a href="/wiki/Virtual_water" title="Virtual water">virtual water</a> ) required for cattle farming and the fact that cattle emit methane, a greenhouse gas. The impact of food production is more realistic and tangible when expressed in terms of carbon dioxide emissions per serving rather than per weight. For example, a cheeseburger, a popular beef food, is estimated to emit about 4.79 pounds (2.17 kg)<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> or 1.9 kg of carbon dioxide per serving<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a>, which is about 10 times the weight of the cheeseburger that emitted the carbon dioxide, which is the equivalent of driving about 5 miles (8 km) in a car. <a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Other estimates put the total carbon dioxide emissions at 3.6 to 6.1 kg per serving. If we convert this into the amount of greenhouse gases emitted each year from the annual consumption of cheeseburgers in the United States, it is equivalent to the amount emitted by 6.5 to 19.6 million SUVs. <a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> On the other hand, the carbon footprint of food transportation is relatively small compared to that of production, and because the production footprint of beef and dairy products is so large as mentioned above, transportation typically accounts for less than 1% of beef’s greenhouse gas emissions<a href="#cite_note-:35-133">[133]</a>, meaning that even if beef is consumed close to where it is produced, any carbon footprint reduction would be negligible. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moderate_drinking_is_good_for_the_planet's_health_too">Moderate drinking is good for the planet's health too</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Moderate drinking is good for the planet's health too">edit</a>]</div> Alcoholic beverage production is a resource- and energy-intensive process with a large carbon footprint.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> Alcoholic beverages are produced from agricultural crops, which generate carbon dioxide (and nitrogen oxides and methane) emissions from agricultural production, as well as energy and large amounts of water for brewing and bottling. In addition to the resource consumption associated with production, <a href="/wiki/Food_miles" title="Food miles">food miles</a> generated by transporting beverage products and waste generated from packaging are also significant issues.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> While glass bottles and aluminum cans are recyclable, the packaging that holds them together, such as six-pack rings , is a significant source of <a href="/wiki/Plastic_pollution" title="Plastic pollution">plastic pollution</a> and carbon dioxide emissions. <a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> Thus, the carbon footprint of alcoholic beverage production is extensive and significant.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a>　 Although beer generally requires less energy to produce than wine or spirits, <a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> the equivalent carbon dioxide emissions for industrial production are estimated at around 640–760 grams per 500 milliliters of beer, <a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> which is more than the weight of the beer itself. In addition, beer is a mass-consumption beverage, which requires large-scale production, heavy product transportation, and energy-intensive refrigeration, which further increase the carbon dioxide emissions per final bottle. <a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> While metal barrel (<a href="/wiki/Keg" title="Keg">keg</a>) catering products have a smaller carbon footprint for packaging and transportation than bottled or canned products (one estimate is that a 30-liter keg is 2.7 times smaller than a 330-ml bottle <a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a>, they are not readily applicable to the consumer market. In the production of low-carb light beer, brewing enzymes are used to break down most of the carbohydrates into monosaccharides, which are then fermented by yeast into alcohol and carbon dioxide<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a>, but as of 2024 it has not been estimated whether this series of production processes is more advantageous in reducing carbon dioxide emissions than that of regular beer. On the other hand, non-alcoholic beer requires a shorter fermentation process than regular beer, but is often produced by removing alcohol from the beer<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a>, and the additional energy costs involved can increase the carbon footprint. <a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> To avoid this problem, a special yeast strain that can brew non-alcoholic beer without the alcohol removal process <a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> has been used, which has been reported to reduce the equivalent carbon dioxide emissions by 1,260 tons per 10,000 kiloliters of beer with an alcohol content of <0.05%. <a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> In other words, the carbon dioxide emissions from alcohol removal per 500 milliliters are 63 grams, which is estimated to be about 10% higher than the carbon dioxide emissions from the production of regular beer mentioned above. Wine, especially when produced by large commercial wineries, is associated with grape farming, producing large amounts of greenhouse gas emissions and polluted wastewater. <a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> The wine-making process is energy-intensive, involving fermentation, rigorous aging, bottling and storage. Although wine is not mass-produced like beer, it is usually bottled in heavy glass bottles,<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> resulting in a heavy product that is often exported long distances internationally, with the added waste from the special packaging for transport and <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%95%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="フードマイレージ (page does not exist)">food miles</a> from heavy packaging. To make matters worse, red wine is often bottled in green-colored glass, which is more difficult to recycle than clear-colored glass bottles, necessitating the production of new glass bottles, which consumes large amounts of energy.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> Wine products vary widely from low-cost to high-end, and carbon footprints can vary widely from product to product. One review estimated the carbon dioxide equivalent emissions per bottle (750 ml) of wine to be between 0.15 and 3.51 kilograms<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a>, but it is difficult for the average consumer to determine which wines have a low carbon footprint. However, according to one estimate, the stages of the wine 'lifecycle' that have the largest carbon dioxide emissions are from grape farming (43.11%) and bottling and transportation (56.71%)<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a>, therefore choosing wine made from sustainably produced grapes (organic wine) or wine in a simple carton can reduce the carbon footprint. One estimate found that organic red wine, conventionally produced red wine, and white wine had carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of 1.02, 1.25, and 1.62 kilograms per bottle (750 ml), respectively .<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> Spirits such as whiskey, vodka, rum, and gin have a larger carbon footprint per bottle than beer or wine.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> This is mainly due to the large amount of carbon dioxide emitted by the distillation process, which is further exacerbated by the temperature and humidity control in warehouses where barrels of whiskey and other spirits are aged for long periods. In addition, many spirits products are bottled in thick glass bottles made specifically for each product, and the carbon footprint of their production also has an impact on the environment, and to make matters worse, some cheaper spirits products even use unsustainable plastic bottles. However, spirits are not consumed in large quantities like beer or wine, and so may have a lower carbon footprint per standard consumption: one estimate puts the equivalent carbon dioxide emissions of a standard 350 ml glass of 3.5% light beer at about 280 grams, a 150 ml glass of wine at about 320 grams, and a 40 ml glass of spirits at about 90 grams on average.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> Since all three contain roughly the same amount of alcohol, spirits with water are more effective at reducing global warming per unit of alcohol consumed than beer or wine. The alcoholic beverage industry as a whole, including pubs , bars and other food and beverage businesses, contributes significantly to carbon dioxide emissions more than any individual product, and as mentioned above, this impact comes not only from production but also from advertising, logistics, packaging and waste disposal. Given the scale of the industry, if individuals practice environmentally conscious alcohol consumption behavior and the industry promotes efforts to minimize its impact on the environment, the effect on curbing global warming for society as a whole could be significant.　　 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family_planning_aspects">Family planning aspects</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Family planning aspects">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Voluntary_childlessness" title="Voluntary childlessness">Voluntary childlessness</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_population_planning" title="Human population planning">Human population planning</a></div> Worldwide <a href="/wiki/Population_growth" title="Population growth">population growth</a> is considered to be a challenge for <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" title="Climate change mitigation">climate change mitigation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-Crist2022-1">[1]</a> Proposed measures include an improved access to <a href="/wiki/Family_planning" title="Family planning">family planning</a> and access of women to education and economic opportunities.<a href="#cite_note-Wynes-Nicholas-2017-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> Targeting <a href="/wiki/Natalistic_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Natalistic politics">natalistic politics</a> involves cultural, ethical and societal issues. Various religions <a href="/wiki/Religious_views_on_birth_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious views on birth control">discourage or prohibit</a> some or all forms of <a href="/wiki/Birth_control" title="Birth control">birth control</a>.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> Although having fewer children is perhaps the individual action that most effectively reduces a person's climate impact, the issue is rarely raised, and it is arguably controversial due to its private nature. Even so, ethicists,<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> some politicians such as <a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez" title="Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez">Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez</a>,<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> and others<a href="#cite_note-Perkins2017-174">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> have started discussing the climate implications associated with reproduction. Researchers have found that some people (in wealthy countries) are having fewer children due to their beliefs that they can do more to slow climate change if they do not have children.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> Two interrelated aspects of this action, <a href="/wiki/Family_planning" title="Family planning">family planning</a> and <a href="/wiki/Female_education" title="Female education">women and girl's education</a>, are modeled by <a href="/wiki/Project_Drawdown" class="mw-redirect" title="Project Drawdown">Project Drawdown</a> as the #6 and #7 top potential solutions for climate change, based on the ability of family planning and education to reduce the growth of the overall global population.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> In 2019, a warning on climate change signed by 11,000 scientists from 153 nations said that human population growth adds 80 million humans annually, and "the world population must be stabilized—and, ideally, gradually reduced—within a framework that ensures social integrity" to reduce the impact of "population growth on GHG emissions and <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_loss" title="Biodiversity loss">biodiversity loss</a>". The policies they promote, which "are proven and effective policies that strengthen human rights while lowering fertility rates", would include removing barriers to gender equality, especially in education, and ensuring family planning services are available to all.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> In a 2021 paper it was said that "human population has been mostly ignored with regard to climate policy" and attribute this to the taboo nature of the issue given its association with population policies of the past, including <a href="/wiki/Compulsory_sterilization" title="Compulsory sterilization">forced sterilization</a> campaigns and China's <a href="/wiki/One-child_policy" title="One-child policy">one-child policy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Population-183">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> In 2022, a group of scientists urged families around the world to have no more than one child as part of the transformative changes needed to mitigate both climate change and <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_loss" title="Biodiversity loss">biodiversity loss</a>.<a href="#cite_note-popwarn-185">[185]</a> However, because climate change needs to be limited within the next few decades, having fewer children now might not make much difference.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> However the "per person carbon footprint" of individual people is likely to reduce over time due to efforts to decarbonize our economies and reach <a href="/wiki/Net_zero_emissions" class="mw-redirect" title="Net zero emissions">net zero emissions</a> in the future.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a>: 113  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Others">Others</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Others">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions#Various_services" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">Greenhouse gas emissions § Various services</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_finance">Personal finance</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Personal finance">edit</a>]</div> Individuals can check whether the financial companies they are using are part of the <a href="/wiki/GFANZ" title="GFANZ">Glasgow Financial Alliance for Net Zero</a>,<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> and consider switching pensions, insurance and investments.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> Donating to climate change charities has been suggested.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Digital_services_and_cryptocurrencies">Digital services and cryptocurrencies</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Digital services and cryptocurrencies">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Streaming_media#Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Streaming media">Streaming media § Greenhouse gas emissions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Data_center#Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Data center">Data center § Greenhouse gas emissions</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cryptocurrency#Environmental_effects" title="Cryptocurrency">Cryptocurrency § Environmental effects</a></div> Cryptocurrencies which are made by <a href="/wiki/Proof_of_work" title="Proof of work">proof-of-work</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Bitcoin" title="Bitcoin">Bitcoin</a>, are high carbon both because they use dirty electricity, such as <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Kazakhstan#Electricity" title="Energy in Kazakhstan">electricity from Kazakhstan</a> (some <a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_of_the_United_States" title="Electricity sector of the United States">electricity in the United States</a> used for Bitcoin mining is also dirty<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> but the gas might be burned anyway<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a>) and because <a href="/wiki/Cryptocurrency_mining" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptocurrency mining">cryptocurrency mining</a> uses hardware for only a short time before it becomes <a href="/wiki/Electronic_waste" title="Electronic waste">ewaste</a>.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> Individuals with such cryptocurrency can switch to <a href="/wiki/Proof_of_stake" title="Proof of stake">proof of stake</a> crypto such as <a href="/wiki/Tezos" title="Tezos">Tezos</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ethereum#Ethereum_2.0" title="Ethereum">ethereum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> Individuals can also decide to not invest in cryptocurrencies at all. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_advocacy">Political advocacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Political advocacy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Climate_movement" title="Climate movement">Climate movement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_opinion_on_climate_change" title="Public opinion on climate change">Public opinion on climate change</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_climate_change" title="Media coverage of climate change">Media coverage of climate change</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Country_breakdown_of_individual_action_on_climate_change.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Country_breakdown_of_individual_action_on_climate_change.jpg/300px-Country_breakdown_of_individual_action_on_climate_change.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Country_breakdown_of_individual_action_on_climate_change.jpg/450px-Country_breakdown_of_individual_action_on_climate_change.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Country_breakdown_of_individual_action_on_climate_change.jpg/600px-Country_breakdown_of_individual_action_on_climate_change.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1433" data-file-height="1504" /></a><figcaption>Country breakdown for people responding to the question "Do you think your own behavior can make a difference in tackling climate change?"</figcaption></figure> Impactful ways in the area of political advocacy that an individual can take include:<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> individual citizen participation in <a href="/wiki/Advocacy_group" title="Advocacy group">groups advocating</a> for <a href="/wiki/Collective_action" title="Collective action">collective action</a> in the form of political solutions, such as <a href="/wiki/Carbon_pricing" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon pricing">carbon pricing</a>, meat pricing,<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> ending subsidies for fossil fuels<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> and animal husbandry,<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> and ending laws encouraging car use.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Activist_movements">Activist movements</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Activist movements">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_movement" title="Climate movement">Climate movement</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:202303_I_worry_%22a_great_deal%22_about_climate_change_-_Gallup_survey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/202303_I_worry_%22a_great_deal%22_about_climate_change_-_Gallup_survey.svg/220px-202303_I_worry_%22a_great_deal%22_about_climate_change_-_Gallup_survey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/202303_I_worry_%22a_great_deal%22_about_climate_change_-_Gallup_survey.svg/330px-202303_I_worry_%22a_great_deal%22_about_climate_change_-_Gallup_survey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/202303_I_worry_%22a_great_deal%22_about_climate_change_-_Gallup_survey.svg/440px-202303_I_worry_%22a_great_deal%22_about_climate_change_-_Gallup_survey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Degree of concern about the effects of climate change vary with political affiliation in the United States: Voters of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> worry more about climate change than voters of the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gallup_20230420-201">[201]</a></figcaption></figure> Climate change is a prevalent issue in many societies.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> Some believe that some of the long-term negative effects of climate change can be ameliorated through individual and community actions to reduce resource consumption. Thus, many environmental advocacy organizations associated with the <a href="/wiki/Climate_movement" title="Climate movement">climate movement</a> (such as the <a href="/wiki/Earth_Day_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Earth Day Network">Earth Day Network</a>) focus on encouraging such individual conservation and <a href="/wiki/Grassroots" title="Grassroots">grassroots</a> organizing around environmental issues.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> To raise awareness of climate issues, activists organized <a href="/wiki/September_2019_climate_strikes" title="September 2019 climate strikes">a series of</a> international labor and school strikes in late September 2019,<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> with estimates of total participants ranging between 6 and 7.3 million.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian_6_million-206">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hurriyet_7.6_million-207">[207]</a> A number of groups from around the world have come together to work on the issue of global warming. <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">Non-governmental organizations</a> (NGOs) from diverse fields of work have united on this issue. A <a href="/wiki/Coalition" title="Coalition">coalition</a> of 50 NGOs called <a href="/wiki/Stop_Climate_Chaos" title="Stop Climate Chaos">Stop Climate Chaos</a> launched in Britain in 2005 to highlight the issue of climate change. The <a href="/wiki/Campaign_against_Climate_Change" title="Campaign against Climate Change">Campaign against Climate Change</a> was created to focus purely on the issue of climate change and to pressure governments into action by building a protest movement of sufficient magnitude to effect political change. Following environmentalist Bill McKibben's mantra that "if it's wrong to wreck the climate, it's wrong to profit from that wreckage",<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel_divestment" title="Fossil fuel divestment">fossil fuel divestment</a> campaigns attempt to get public institutions, such as universities and churches, to remove investment assets from fossil fuel companies. By December 2016, a total of 688 institutions and over 58,000 individuals representing $5.5 <a href="/wiki/Trillion_(short_scale)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trillion (short scale)">trillion</a> in assets worldwide had been divested from fossil fuels.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> A 2023 review study published in <a href="/wiki/One_Earth" class="mw-redirect" title="One Earth">One Earth</a> stated that opinion polls show that most people perceive climate change as occurring now and close by.<a href="#cite_note-OneEarth_20230421-211">[211]</a> The study concluded that seeing climate change as more distant does not necessarily result in less climate action, and reducing psychological distancing does not reliably increase climate action.<a href="#cite_note-OneEarth_20230421-211">[211]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reform_of_subsidies_and_taxes">Reform of subsidies and taxes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Reform of subsidies and taxes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Energy_subsidy#Impact_of_fossil_fuel_subsidies" title="Energy subsidy">Energy subsidy § Impact of fossil fuel subsidies</a></div> Political advocacy can focus on removing those fossil fuel and other subsidies, and taxes which discourage individual action on climate change, for example: <ul><li>Abolish a subsidy of <a href="/wiki/Kerosene" title="Kerosene">kerosene</a> because this subsidy discourages individuals switching to other fuels.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a></li> <li>Cutting farm subsidies for livestock because these subsidies could discourage individuals shifting to a plant based diet (as those subsidies artificially lowers the price of meat and dairy products):<a href="#cite_note-:0-213">[213]</a></li> <li>Rebalance the taxes and regulatory costs, which are currently higher for electricity than gas and thus discourage individuals from switching from gas boilers to heat pumps<a href="#cite_note-:0-213">[213]</a></li> <li>Abolish Turkey's free coal for poor families<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> at such a program discourages people from switching to natural gas in cities.</li> <li>Redirecting the money which would have been spent as subsidies, together with any <a href="/wiki/Carbon_tax" title="Carbon tax">carbon tax</a>, to form a <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dividend" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon dividend">carbon dividend</a> in equal shares for everyone or for poor people to encourage individuals to take action as part of a <a href="/wiki/Just_Transition" class="mw-redirect" title="Just Transition">just transition</a> away from a high carbon lifestyle.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a></li></ul> However, sudden removal of a subsidy by governments not trusted to redirect it,<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> or without providing good alternatives for individuals, can lead to civil unrest. An example of this took place in 2019, when Ecuador removed its gasoline and diesel subsidies without providing enough <a href="/wiki/Electric_bus" title="Electric bus">electric buses</a> to maintain service. The result was overnight fuel price hikes of 25–75 percent. The corresponding fare hikes for Ecuador's existing gas and diesel powered bus fleet were met with violent protests.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate_conversations">Climate conversations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Climate conversations">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Respondents_to_reducing_their_home_temperature_to_19%C2%B0C_or_less_from_various_countries.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Respondents_to_reducing_their_home_temperature_to_19%C2%B0C_or_less_from_various_countries.jpg/220px-Respondents_to_reducing_their_home_temperature_to_19%C2%B0C_or_less_from_various_countries.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Respondents_to_reducing_their_home_temperature_to_19%C2%B0C_or_less_from_various_countries.jpg/330px-Respondents_to_reducing_their_home_temperature_to_19%C2%B0C_or_less_from_various_countries.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Respondents_to_reducing_their_home_temperature_to_19%C2%B0C_or_less_from_various_countries.jpg/440px-Respondents_to_reducing_their_home_temperature_to_19%C2%B0C_or_less_from_various_countries.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Respondents to a climate survey about reducing their home temperature to 19°C or less (from various countries)</figcaption></figure> "Discussing global warming leads to greater acceptance of <a href="/wiki/Climatology" title="Climatology">climate science</a>".<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> The Yale Climate Communication Program recommends initiating "climate conversations" with more moderate individuals.<a href="#cite_note-:1-219">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-43">[43]</a> Once personal climate impacts and core values are understood, it may become possible to open a discussion of potential climate solutions which are consistent with those core values.<a href="#cite_note-:1-219">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-:12-220">[220]</a> Carbon Conversations is a "<a href="/wiki/Psychosocial" title="Psychosocial">psychosocial</a> project that addresses the practicalities of carbon reduction while taking account of the complex emotions and social pressures that make this difficult".<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> It was cited in <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> newspaper as one of the 20 best ideas to tackle climate change.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_contagion">Social contagion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Social contagion">edit</a>]</div> Another opportunity for mitigation is through <a href="/wiki/Social_contagion" title="Social contagion">social contagion</a>, where people in a <a href="/wiki/Social_network" title="Social network">network</a> learn new behaviors, such as trying a plant-based diet or riding their bicycles to work instead of driving, and the new behaviors spread spontaneously through the group. For example, a 2020 Max Planck Institute study found that when meat-eaters are accompanied by vegetarians and have a choice of eating dishes with or without meat, they're more likely to choose a vegetarian dish, resulting in a reduction in the demand for meat. This probability increases as the number of vegetarians accompanying the meat eaters increases.<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison_of_impacts_of_individual_actions">Comparison of impacts of individual actions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Comparison of impacts of individual actions">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:People%27s_Climate_March_2017_in_Washington_DC_199.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/People%27s_Climate_March_2017_in_Washington_DC_199.jpg/220px-People%27s_Climate_March_2017_in_Washington_DC_199.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/People%27s_Climate_March_2017_in_Washington_DC_199.jpg/330px-People%27s_Climate_March_2017_in_Washington_DC_199.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/People%27s_Climate_March_2017_in_Washington_DC_199.jpg/440px-People%27s_Climate_March_2017_in_Washington_DC_199.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3623" data-file-height="3341" /></a><figcaption>Graph of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, at the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Climate_March_(2017)" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Climate March (2017)">People's Climate March</a>, in Washington DC on 29 April 2017</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_growing_number_of_European_and_Chinese_respondents_believe_that_their_behaviour_can_make_a_difference_in_tackling_climate_change.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/A_growing_number_of_European_and_Chinese_respondents_believe_that_their_behaviour_can_make_a_difference_in_tackling_climate_change.jpg/300px-A_growing_number_of_European_and_Chinese_respondents_believe_that_their_behaviour_can_make_a_difference_in_tackling_climate_change.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/A_growing_number_of_European_and_Chinese_respondents_believe_that_their_behaviour_can_make_a_difference_in_tackling_climate_change.jpg/450px-A_growing_number_of_European_and_Chinese_respondents_believe_that_their_behaviour_can_make_a_difference_in_tackling_climate_change.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/A_growing_number_of_European_and_Chinese_respondents_believe_that_their_behaviour_can_make_a_difference_in_tackling_climate_change.jpg/600px-A_growing_number_of_European_and_Chinese_respondents_believe_that_their_behaviour_can_make_a_difference_in_tackling_climate_change.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="1512" /></a><figcaption>A growing number of Europeans and Chinese respondents to a climate survey believe that their behavior can make a difference in tackling climate change.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a></figcaption></figure>Public discourse on reducing one's carbon footprint overwhelmingly focuses on low-impact behaviors, and as of 2017, the mention of high-impact individual behaviors to impact climate was almost non-existent in <a href="/wiki/Mainstream_media" title="Mainstream media">mainstream media</a>, government publications, <a href="/wiki/K-12" class="mw-redirect" title="K-12">K-12</a> school textbooks, etc.<a href="#cite_note-Wynes-Nicholas-2017-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-Perkins2017-174">[174]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] <a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_climate_change" title="Media coverage of climate change">Media</a> focus on low impact<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> rather than high impact behaviors is concerning for scientists. The most impactful actions for individuals may differ significantly from the popular advice for "greening" one's lifestyle. For instance, popular suggestions for individual actions include replacing a typical car with a hybrid, washing clothes in cold water, recycling, upgrading light bulbs which are all regarded as lower impact behaviors. A few researchers have stated that some "recommended high-impact actions are more effective than many more commonly discussed options. For example, eating a plant-based diet saves eight times more emissions than upgrading light bulbs."<a href="#cite_note-Wynes-Nicholas-2017-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-Perkins2017-174">[174]</a> Recommended high-impact actions are around having fewer children,<a href="#cite_note-Population-183">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> living car-free, avoiding long-distance flights and eating a plant-based diet. However, other publications state that "population is actually irrelevant to solving the climate crisis".<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> Other researchers say that decarbonization need not mean a more austere lifestyle, and that the individual actions with the most impact are to electrify households, with for example electric cars and heating.<a href="#cite_note-:11-228">[228]</a> Scientists argue that piecemeal behavioral changes like re-using plastic bags are not a proportionate response to climate change. Though being beneficial, these debates would drive public focus away from the requirement for an energy system change of unprecedented scale to decarbonise rapidly. Moreover, <a href="/wiki/Policy" title="Policy">policy</a> measures such as targeted subsidies, <a href="/wiki/Eco-tariff" title="Eco-tariff">eco-tariffs</a>, effective sustainability certificates, legal product information requirements, CO2 pricing,<a href="#cite_note-10.1038/s41467-020-19474-6-229">[229]</a> emissions allowances rationing,<a href="#cite_note-Personal_carbon_allowances-230">[230]</a><a href="#cite_note-carbonration-231">[231]</a> budget-allocations/labelling,<a href="#cite_note-Personal_carbon_allowances-230">[230]</a> targeted product-range exclusions, advertising bans, and feedback mechanisms are examples of measures that could have a more substantial positive impact on consumption behavior than changes exclusively carried out by consumers and could address social issues such as consumers' inhibitive constraints of budgets, awareness and time.<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Controversies_around_significance">Controversies around significance</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Controversies around significance">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_denial" title="Climate change denial">Climate change denial</a></div> It has been argued that climate change is a <a href="/wiki/Collective_action_problem" title="Collective action problem">collective action problem</a>, specifically a <a href="/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_commons" title="Tragedy of the commons">tragedy of the commons</a>, which is a political<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> and not individual category of problem.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> Some commentators have argued that individual actions as consumers and "greening personal lives" are insignificant in comparison to <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_climate_change" title="Politics of climate change">collective action</a>, especially actions that hold the <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuels_lobby" title="Fossil fuels lobby">fossil fuel corporations</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] accountable for producing 71% of carbon emissions since 1988.<a href="#cite_note-:14-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> The concept of a personal carbon footprint and calculating one's footprint was popularized by oil producer <a href="/wiki/BP" title="BP">BP</a> as "effective propaganda" as a way to shift their responsibility to "linguistically... remove itself as a contributor to the problem of climate change".<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> Others have shown that sometimes individual measures may effectively undermine political support for structural measures. In one example researchers found that "a green energy default <a href="/wiki/Nudge_theory" title="Nudge theory">nudge</a> diminishes support for a <a href="/wiki/Carbon_tax" title="Carbon tax">carbon tax</a>."<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> Others say that individual action leads to collective action, and emphasize that "research on social behavior suggests <a href="/wiki/Lifestyle_(sociology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifestyle (sociology)">lifestyle change</a> can build momentum for <a href="/wiki/Structural_fix" title="Structural fix">systemic change</a>."<a href="#cite_note-:15-7">[7]</a> Furthermore, if individuals shrink their consumption of fossil fuel products, fossil fuel corporations are incentivized to produce less, as the demand for their product would decrease.<a href="#cite_note-:3-239">[239]</a> In other words, each individual's consumption plays a role in the total supply of fossil fuels and <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">emission of greenhouse gases</a>. According to a 2022 survey conducted by the <a href="/wiki/European_Investment_Bank" title="European Investment Bank">European Investment Bank</a>, climate change is the second most pressing issue confronting Europeans. Over three-quarters of respondents (72%) believe that their individual actions can make a difference in tackling the climate issue.<a href="#cite_note-:1353-240">[240]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Misleading_information_on_individual_actions">Misleading information on individual actions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Misleading information on individual actions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_denial" title="Climate change denial">Climate change denial</a></div> In many cases, <a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_climate_change" title="Media coverage of climate change">media coverage of climate change</a> reports only about the effects of climate change, such as <a href="/wiki/Extreme_weather" title="Extreme weather">extreme weather</a>, but makes no mention of either individual or government actions which can be taken. The suggestion that eating a <a href="/wiki/Plant-based_diet" title="Plant-based diet">plant-based diet</a> requires a person to become strictly vegetarian is also misinformation.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> A plant-based diet focuses on consuming foods primarily from plants but does not eliminate all animal products like a <a href="/wiki/Vegan_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegan diet">vegan diet</a> does.<a href="#cite_note-Plant-Based_Diets-242">[242]</a> <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_education_(CCE)" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate change education (CCE)">Climate change education</a>, which became mandatory in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> in 2019,<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> is completely absent in some countries, or fails to provide information on action that individuals can take. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate_inaction">Climate inaction</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Climate inaction">edit</a>]</div> It has been hypothesised many times that no matter how strong the climate knowledge provided by risk analysts, experts and scientists is, risk perception determines agents' ultimate response in terms of mitigation. However, recent literature reports conflicting evidence about the actual impact of risk perception on agents’ climate response. Rather, a no-direct perception-response link with the mediation and moderation of many other factors and a strong dependency on the context analysed is shown. Some moderation factors considered as such in the specialised literature include communication and social norms. Yet, conflicting evidence of the disparity between public communication about climate change and the lack of behavioural change has also been observed in the general public. Likewise, doubts are raised about the observance of social norms as an influencing predominant factor that affects action on climate change.<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> Disparate evidence also showed that even agents highly engaged in mitigation (engagement is a mediation factor) actions fail ultimately to respond.<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_movement" title="Climate movement">Climate movement</a> – Social movement engaged in climate activism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_movement" title="Environmental movement">Environmental movement</a> – Movement for addressing environmental issues</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel_divestment" title="Fossil fuel divestment">Fossil fuel divestment</a> – Divestment in companies that extract fossil fuels</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Climate_Action" class="mw-redirect" title="International Day of Climate Action">International Day of Climate Action</a> – International environmental NGOPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_climate_activists" title="List of climate activists">List of climate activists</a> – List of activists of have campaigned for climate change awareness</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Crist2022-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Crist2022_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crist2022_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCristRippleEhrlichRees2022" class="citation journal cs1">Crist, Eileen; <a href="/wiki/William_J._Ripple" title="William J. Ripple">Ripple, William J.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Paul_R._Ehrlich" title="Paul R. Ehrlich">Ehrlich, Paul R.</a>; <a href="/wiki/William_E._Rees" title="William E. Rees">Rees, William E.</a>; Wolf, Christopher (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scientistswarning.forestry.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/Crist2022.pdf">"Scientists' warning on population"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Science_of_the_Total_Environment" title="Science of the Total Environment">Science of the Total Environment</a>. 845: 157166. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2022.157166">10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157166</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35803428">35803428</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:250387801">250387801</a>. <q>While the speed at which climate disruption and biodiversity destruction are unfolding is alarming, the population factor continues to be ignored, sidestepped, or denied. This makes no sense—population is a primary variable underlying humanity's net consumption and waste output and thus a signicant driver of global change.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.atitle=Scientists%27+warning+on+population&rft.volume=845&rft.pages=157166&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A250387801%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35803428&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2022.157166&rft.aulast=Crist&rft.aufirst=Eileen&rft.au=Ripple%2C+William+J.&rft.au=Ehrlich%2C+Paul+R.&rft.au=Rees%2C+William+E.&rft.au=Wolf%2C+Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscientistswarning.forestry.oregonstate.edu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FCrist2022.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.socialeurope.eu/emissions-inequality">"Emissions inequality—a gulf between global rich and poor – Nicholas Beuret"</a>. Social Europe. 2019-04-10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191026191732/https://www.socialeurope.eu/emissions-inequality">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-10-26. Retrieved 2019-10-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Social+Europe&rft.atitle=Emissions+inequality%E2%80%94a+gulf+between+global+rich+and+poor+%E2%80%93+Nicholas+Beuret&rft.date=2019-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.socialeurope.eu%2Femissions-inequality&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestlake2019" class="citation web cs1">Westlake, Steve (11 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/climate-change-yes-your-individual-action-does-make-a-difference-115169">"Climate change: yes, your individual action does make a difference"</a>. The Conversation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191218042819/http://theconversation.com/climate-change-yes-your-individual-action-does-make-a-difference-115169">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-12-18. Retrieved 2019-12-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=Climate+change%3A+yes%2C+your+individual+action+does+make+a+difference&rft.date=2019-04-11&rft.aulast=Westlake&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fclimate-change-yes-your-individual-action-does-make-a-difference-115169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:18-4"><a href="#cite_ref-:18_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/mar/07/six-key-lifestyle-changes-can-help-avert-the-climate-crisis-study-finds">"Six key lifestyle changes can help avert the climate crisis, study finds"</a>. the Guardian. 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Six+key+lifestyle+changes+can+help+avert+the+climate+crisis%2C+study+finds&rft.date=2022-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2022%2Fmar%2F07%2Fsix-key-lifestyle-changes-can-help-avert-the-climate-crisis-study-finds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarrington2018" class="citation news cs1">Carrington, Damian (31 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/may/31/avoiding-meat-and-dairy-is-single-biggest-way-to-reduce-your-impact-on-earth">"Avoiding meat and dairy is 'single biggest way' to reduce your impact on Earth"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Retrieved 24 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Avoiding+meat+and+dairy+is+%27single+biggest+way%27+to+reduce+your+impact+on+Earth&rft.date=2018-05-31&rft.aulast=Carrington&rft.aufirst=Damian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2018%2Fmay%2F31%2Favoiding-meat-and-dairy-is-single-biggest-way-to-reduce-your-impact-on-earth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:14-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:14_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_6-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLukacs2017" class="citation news cs1">Lukacs, Martin (July 17, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/true-north/2017/jul/17/neoliberalism-has-conned-us-into-fighting-climate-change-as-individuals">"Neoliberalism has conned us into fighting climate change as individuals"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191106023718/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/true-north/2017/jul/17/neoliberalism-has-conned-us-into-fighting-climate-change-as-individuals">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Neoliberalism+has+conned+us+into+fighting+climate+change+as+individuals&rft.date=2017-07-17&rft.aulast=Lukacs&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2Ftrue-north%2F2017%2Fjul%2F17%2Fneoliberalism-has-conned-us-into-fighting-climate-change-as-individuals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:15-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:15_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:15_7-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSparkman2018" class="citation web cs1">Sparkman, Leor Hackel, Gregg (2018-10-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slate.com/technology/2018/10/carbon-footprint-climate-change-personal-action-collective-action.html">"Actually, Your Personal Choices Do Make a Difference in Climate Change"</a>. Slate Magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191106011459/https://slate.com/technology/2018/10/carbon-footprint-climate-change-personal-action-collective-action.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-11-06. Retrieved 2019-07-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slate+Magazine&rft.atitle=Actually%2C+Your+Personal+Choices+Do+Make+a+Difference+in+Climate+Change&rft.date=2018-10-26&rft.aulast=Sparkman&rft.aufirst=Leor+Hackel%2C+Gregg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslate.com%2Ftechnology%2F2018%2F10%2Fcarbon-footprint-climate-change-personal-action-collective-action.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVeselyMassonChokraiBecker2021" class="citation journal cs1">Vesely, Stepan; Masson, Torsten; Chokrai, Parissa; Becker, Anna M.; Fritsche, Immo; Klöckner, Christian A.; Tiberio, Lorenza; Carrus, Giuseppe; Panno, Angelo (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.gloenvcha.2021.102322">"Climate change action as a project of identity: Eight meta-analyses"</a>. Global Environmental Change. 70: 102322. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021GEC....7002322V">2021GEC....7002322V</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.gloenvcha.2021.102322">10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102322</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11590%2F396483">11590/396483</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Environmental+Change&rft.atitle=Climate+change+action+as+a+project+of+identity%3A+Eight+meta-analyses&rft.volume=70&rft.pages=102322&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11590%2F396483&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.gloenvcha.2021.102322&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021GEC....7002322V&rft.aulast=Vesely&rft.aufirst=Stepan&rft.au=Masson%2C+Torsten&rft.au=Chokrai%2C+Parissa&rft.au=Becker%2C+Anna+M.&rft.au=Fritsche%2C+Immo&rft.au=Kl%C3%B6ckner%2C+Christian+A.&rft.au=Tiberio%2C+Lorenza&rft.au=Carrus%2C+Giuseppe&rft.au=Panno%2C+Angelo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.gloenvcha.2021.102322&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:16-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:16_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_9-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/22429551/climate-change-crisis-exxonmobil-harvard-study">"ExxonMobil wants you to feel responsible for climate change so it doesn't have to"</a>. www.vox.com. 2021-05-13. Retrieved 2023-06-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vox.com&rft.atitle=ExxonMobil+wants+you+to+feel+responsible+for+climate+change+so+it+doesn%27t+have+to&rft.date=2021-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F22429551%2Fclimate-change-crisis-exxonmobil-harvard-study&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:21-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:21_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:21_10-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolnit2021" class="citation news cs1">Solnit, Rebecca (2021-08-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/aug/23/big-oil-coined-carbon-footprints-to-blame-us-for-their-greed-keep-them-on-the-hook">"Big oil coined 'carbon footprints' to blame us for their greed. Keep them on the hook"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Retrieved 2023-06-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Big+oil+coined+%27carbon+footprints%27+to+blame+us+for+their+greed.+Keep+them+on+the+hook&rft.date=2021-08-23&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Solnit&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2021%2Faug%2F23%2Fbig-oil-coined-carbon-footprints-to-blame-us-for-their-greed-keep-them-on-the-hook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNEmissionsGap_2020-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UNEmissionsGap_2020_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNEmissionsGap_2020_11-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/34438/EGR20ESE.pdf">"Emissions Gap Report 2020 / Executive Summary"</a> (PDF). United Nations Environment Programme. 2021. p. XV Fig. ES.8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210731143517/https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/34438/EGR20ESE.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 31 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations+Environment+Programme&rft.atitle=Emissions+Gap+Report+2020+%2F+Executive+Summary&rft.pages=p.+XV+Fig.+ES.8&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwedocs.unep.org%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F20.500.11822%2F34438%2FEGR20ESE.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IEA_20230222-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IEA_20230222_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IEA_20230222_12-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCozziChenKim2023" class="citation web cs1">Cozzi, Laura; Chen, Olivia; Kim, Hyeji (22 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iea.org/commentaries/the-world-s-top-1-of-emitters-produce-over-1000-times-more-co2-than-the-bottom-1">"The world's top 1% of emitters produce over 1,000 times more CO2 than the bottom 1%"</a>. iea.org. International Energy Agency (IEA). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230303032020/https://www.iea.org/commentaries/the-world-s-top-1-of-emitters-produce-over-1000-times-more-co2-than-the-bottom-1">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iea.org&rft.atitle=The+world%27s+top+1%25+of+emitters+produce+over+1%2C000+times+more+CO2+than+the+bottom+1%25&rft.date=2023-02-22&rft.aulast=Cozzi&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.au=Chen%2C+Olivia&rft.au=Kim%2C+Hyeji&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iea.org%2Fcommentaries%2Fthe-world-s-top-1-of-emitters-produce-over-1000-times-more-co2-than-the-bottom-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> "Methodological note: ... The analysis accounts for energy-related CO2, and not other greenhouse gases, nor those related to land use and agriculture." </li> <li id="cite_note-WashPost_20230301-13"><a href="#cite_ref-WashPost_20230301_13-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevens2023" class="citation news cs1">Stevens, Harry (1 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/interactive/2023/global-warming-carbon-emissions-china-us/">"The United States has caused the most global warming. When will China pass it?"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230301130719/https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/interactive/2023/global-warming-carbon-emissions-china-us/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+United+States+has+caused+the+most+global+warming.+When+will+China+pass+it%3F&rft.date=2023-03-01&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fclimate-environment%2Finteractive%2F2023%2Fglobal-warming-carbon-emissions-china-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-depth-qa-the-ipccs-sixth-assessment-report-on-climate-science">"In-depth Q&A: The IPCC's sixth assessment report on climate science"</a>. Carbon Brief. 2021-08-09. Retrieved 2021-08-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Carbon+Brief&rft.atitle=In-depth+Q%26A%3A+The+IPCC%27s+sixth+assessment+report+on+climate+science&rft.date=2021-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.carbonbrief.org%2Fin-depth-qa-the-ipccs-sixth-assessment-report-on-climate-science&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/overview.php?v=booklet2019">"EDGAR - Fossil CO2 and GHG emissions of all world countries, 2019 report - European Commission"</a>. edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200626210804/https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/overview.php?v=booklet2019">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-06-26. Retrieved 2020-09-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu&rft.atitle=EDGAR+-+Fossil+CO2+and+GHG+emissions+of+all+world+countries%2C+2019+report+-+European+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu%2Foverview.php%3Fv%3Dbooklet2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrabin2020" class="citation news cs1">Harrabin, Roger (2020-05-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-52719662">"Top 10 tips for combating climate change revealed"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200521205939/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-52719662">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-05-21. Retrieved 2020-05-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Top+10+tips+for+combating+climate+change+revealed&rft.date=2020-05-20&rft.aulast=Harrabin&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-52719662&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/global-co2-emissions-have-been-flat-for-a-decade-new-data-reveals">"Global CO2 emissions have been flat for a decade, new data reveals"</a>. Carbon Brief. 2021-11-04. Retrieved 2021-11-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Carbon+Brief&rft.atitle=Global+CO%3Csub+style%3D%22font-size%3A+80%25%3Bvertical-align%3A+-0.35em%22%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3E+emissions+have+been+flat+for+a+decade%2C+new+data+reveals&rft.date=2021-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.carbonbrief.org%2Fglobal-co2-emissions-have-been-flat-for-a-decade-new-data-reveals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-59157836">"COP26: Emissions of rich put climate goals at risk - study"</a>. BBC News. 2021-11-05. Retrieved 2021-11-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=COP26%3A+Emissions+of+rich+put+climate+goals+at+risk+-+study&rft.date=2021-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-59157836&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-urges-g20-nations-to-bring-down-per-capita-emissions-by-30-101627152729395.html">"India urges G20 nations to bring down per capita emissions by '30"</a>. Hindustan Times. 2021-07-25. Retrieved 2021-08-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=India+urges+G20+nations+to+bring+down+per+capita+emissions+by+%2730&rft.date=2021-07-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findia-news%2Findia-urges-g20-nations-to-bring-down-per-capita-emissions-by-30-101627152729395.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/1067575/carbon-dioxide-emissions-france/">"France: CO2 emissions 1970-2020"</a>. Statista. Retrieved 2021-08-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statista&rft.atitle=France%3A+CO2+emissions+1970-2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statista.com%2Fstatistics%2F1067575%2Fcarbon-dioxide-emissions-france%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/5-charts-show-how-your-household-drives-up-global-greenhouse-gas-emissions">"5 charts show how your household drives up global greenhouse gas emissions"</a>. PBS NewsHour. 2019-09-21. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200115170354/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/5-charts-show-how-your-household-drives-up-global-greenhouse-gas-emissions">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-01-15. Retrieved 2020-02-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS+NewsHour&rft.atitle=5+charts+show+how+your+household+drives+up+global+greenhouse+gas+emissions&rft.date=2019-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnewshour%2Fscience%2F5-charts-show-how-your-household-drives-up-global-greenhouse-gas-emissions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrabin2020" class="citation news cs1">Harrabin, Roger (2020-03-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/business-51906530">"The rich are to blame for climate change"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200318060947/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-51906530">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-03-18. Retrieved 2020-03-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=The+rich+are+to+blame+for+climate+change&rft.date=2020-03-16&rft.aulast=Harrabin&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-51906530&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfam.org/en/press-releases/worlds-richest-10-produce-half-carbon-emissions-while-poorest-35-billion-account">"World's richest 10% produce half of carbon emissions while poorest 3.5 billion account for just a tenth"</a>. 2 December 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201019052334/https://www.oxfam.org/en/press-releases/worlds-richest-10-produce-half-carbon-emissions-while-poorest-35-billion-account">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-10-19. Retrieved 2020-10-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World%27s+richest+10%25+produce+half+of+carbon+emissions+while+poorest+3.5+billion+account+for+just+a+tenth&rft.date=2015-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfam.org%2Fen%2Fpress-releases%2Fworlds-richest-10-produce-half-carbon-emissions-while-poorest-35-billion-account&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrabin2021" class="citation news cs1">Harrabin, Roger (April 13, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-56723560">"World's wealthiest 'at heart of climate problem'"</a>. BBC. Retrieved August 20, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=World%27s+wealthiest+%27at+heart+of+climate+problem%27&rft.date=2021-04-13&rft.aulast=Harrabin&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-56723560&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> IPCC (2022) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_TS.pdf">Technical Summary</a>. In <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/">Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</a>, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-26"><a href="#cite_ref-:13_26-0">^</a> Patrick Devine-Wright, Julio Diaz-José, Frank Geels, Arnulf Grubler, Nadia Maïzi, Eric Masanet, Yacob Mulugetta, Chioma Daisy Onyige-Ebeniro, Patricia E. Perkins, Alessandro Sanches Pereira, Elke Ursula Weber (2022) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_Chapter_05.pdf">Chapter 5: Demand, services and social aspects of mitigation</a> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/">Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</a>, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/globalchange/publications/factsheets/Kit2008_annex1_2.pdf">"Reducing Your Carbon Footprint Can Be Good For Your Health"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reducing+Your+Carbon+Footprint+Can+Be+Good+For+Your+Health&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fglobalchange%2Fpublications%2Ffactsheets%2FKit2008_annex1_2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-28"><a href="#cite_ref-:5_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkenjiLettenmeierKoideToivio2019" class="citation book cs1">Akenji, Lewis; Lettenmeier, Michael; Koide, Ryu; Toivio, Viivi; Amellina, Aryanie (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iges.or.jp/en/pub/15-degrees-lifestyles-2019/en">1.5-Degree Lifestyles: Targets and options for reducing lifestyle carbon footprints</a>. Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Aalto University, and D-mat ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-88788-220-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-4-88788-220-1"><bdi>978-4-88788-220-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1.5-Degree+Lifestyles%3A+Targets+and+options+for+reducing+lifestyle+carbon+footprints&rft.pub=Institute+for+Global+Environmental+Strategies%2C+Aalto+University%2C+and+D-mat+ltd.&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-4-88788-220-1&rft.aulast=Akenji&rft.aufirst=Lewis&rft.au=Lettenmeier%2C+Michael&rft.au=Koide%2C+Ryu&rft.au=Toivio%2C+Viivi&rft.au=Amellina%2C+Aryanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iges.or.jp%2Fen%2Fpub%2F15-degrees-lifestyles-2019%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wedocs.unep.org/xmlui/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/34432/EGR20ch6.pdf?sequence=3">"Emissions Gap Report 2020: chapter 6: Bridging the gap – the role of equitable low-carbon lifestyles"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Emissions+Gap+Report+2020%3A+chapter+6%3A+Bridging+the+gap+%E2%80%93+the+role+of+equitable+low-carbon+lifestyles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwedocs.unep.org%2Fxmlui%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F20.500.11822%2F34432%2FEGR20ch6.pdf%3Fsequence%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeinonenOttelinAla-MantilaWiedmann2020" class="citation journal cs1">Heinonen, Jukka; Ottelin, Juudit; Ala-Mantila, Sanna; Wiedmann, Thomas; Clarke, Jack; Junnila, Seppo (2020-05-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959652620303826">"Spatial consumption-based carbon footprint assessments - A review of recent developments in the field"</a>. Journal of Cleaner Production. 256: 120335. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020JCPro.25620335H">2020JCPro.25620335H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jclepro.2020.120335">10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120335</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1959.4%2F102091">1959.4/102091</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0959-6526">0959-6526</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:214015695">214015695</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cleaner+Production&rft.atitle=Spatial+consumption-based+carbon+footprint+assessments+-+A+review+of+recent+developments+in+the+field&rft.volume=256&rft.pages=120335&rft.date=2020-05-20&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1959.4%2F102091&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A214015695%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020JCPro.25620335H&rft.issn=0959-6526&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jclepro.2020.120335&rft.aulast=Heinonen&rft.aufirst=Jukka&rft.au=Ottelin%2C+Juudit&rft.au=Ala-Mantila%2C+Sanna&rft.au=Wiedmann%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Clarke%2C+Jack&rft.au=Junnila%2C+Seppo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fpii%2FS0959652620303826&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYang2015" class="citation journal cs1">Yang, Yong (2015-06-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4480794">"Interactions between psychological and environmental characteristics and their impacts on walking"</a>. Journal of Transport & Health. 2 (2): 195–198. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JTHea...2..195Y">2015JTHea...2..195Y</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jth.2014.11.003">10.1016/j.jth.2014.11.003</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2214-1405">2214-1405</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4480794">4480794</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26120558">26120558</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Transport+%26+Health&rft.atitle=Interactions+between+psychological+and+environmental+characteristics+and+their+impacts+on+walking&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E195-%3C%2Fspan%3E198&rft.date=2015-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4480794%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015JTHea...2..195Y&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26120558&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jth.2014.11.003&rft.issn=2214-1405&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Yong&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4480794&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-32"><a href="#cite_ref-:7_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhangMi2018" class="citation journal cs1">Zhang, Yongping; Mi, Zhifu (2018-06-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306261918304392">"Environmental benefits of bike sharing: A big data-based analysis"</a>. Applied Energy. 220: 296–301. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApEn..220..296Z">2018ApEn..220..296Z</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.apenergy.2018.03.101">10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.03.101</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0306-2619">0306-2619</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:115512847">115512847</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Energy&rft.atitle=Environmental+benefits+of+bike+sharing%3A+A+big+data-based+analysis&rft.volume=220&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E296-%3C%2Fspan%3E301&rft.date=2018-06-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.apenergy.2018.03.101&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A115512847%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0306-2619&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018ApEn..220..296Z&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Yongping&rft.au=Mi%2C+Zhifu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fpii%2FS0306261918304392&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelleKustarTunAlbuquerque2023" class="citation web cs1">Welle, Ben; Kustar, Anna; Tun, Thet Hein; Albuquerque, Cristina (2023-12-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wri.org/insights/current-state-of-public-transport-climate-goals">"Post-pandemic, Public Transport Needs to Get Back on Track to Meet Global Climate Goals"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Post-pandemic%2C+Public+Transport+Needs+to+Get+Back+on+Track+to+Meet+Global+Climate+Goals&rft.date=2023-12-14&rft.aulast=Welle&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft.au=Kustar%2C+Anna&rft.au=Tun%2C+Thet+Hein&rft.au=Albuquerque%2C+Cristina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wri.org%2Finsights%2Fcurrent-state-of-public-transport-climate-goals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-34"><a href="#cite_ref-:6_34-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNesheliCederGhavamiradThacker2017" class="citation journal cs1">Nesheli, Mahmood Mahmoodi; Ceder, Avishai (Avi); Ghavamirad, Farzan; Thacker, Scott (2017-03-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361920915301553">"Environmental impacts of public transport systems using real-time control method"</a>. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 51: 216–226. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017TRPD...51..216N">2017TRPD...51..216N</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.trd.2016.12.006">10.1016/j.trd.2016.12.006</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1361-9209">1361-9209</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transportation+Research+Part+D%3A+Transport+and+Environment&rft.atitle=Environmental+impacts+of+public+transport+systems+using+real-time+control+method&rft.volume=51&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E216-%3C%2Fspan%3E226&rft.date=2017-03-01&rft.issn=1361-9209&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.trd.2016.12.006&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017TRPD...51..216N&rft.aulast=Nesheli&rft.aufirst=Mahmood+Mahmoodi&rft.au=Ceder%2C+Avishai+%28Avi%29&rft.au=Ghavamirad%2C+Farzan&rft.au=Thacker%2C+Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS1361920915301553&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:282-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:282_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:282_35-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:282_35-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eib.org/en/surveys/climate-survey/4th-climate-survey/hybrid-electric-petrol-cars-flying-holidays-climate.htm">"2021-2022 EIB Climate Survey, part 2 of 3: Shopping for a new car? Most Europeans say they will opt for hybrid or electric"</a>. EIB.org. Retrieved 2022-04-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EIB.org&rft.atitle=2021-2022+EIB+Climate+Survey%2C+part+2+of+3%3A+Shopping+for+a+new+car%3F+Most+Europeans+say+they+will+opt+for+hybrid+or+electric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eib.org%2Fen%2Fsurveys%2Fclimate-survey%2F4th-climate-survey%2Fhybrid-electric-petrol-cars-flying-holidays-climate.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFfm2022" class="citation web cs1">fm (2022-02-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.financialmirror.com/2022/02/02/cypriots-prefer-hybrid-or-electric-cars/">"Cypriots prefer hybrid or electric cars"</a>. Financial Mirror. Retrieved 2022-04-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financial+Mirror&rft.atitle=Cypriots+prefer+hybrid+or+electric+cars&rft.date=2022-02-02&rft.au=fm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.financialmirror.com%2F2022%2F02%2F02%2Fcypriots-prefer-hybrid-or-electric-cars%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRahmaniLoureiro2018" class="citation journal cs1">Rahmani, Djamel; Loureiro, Maria L. (2018-03-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5862411">"Why is the market for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) moving slowly?"</a>. PLOS ONE. 13 (3): e0193777. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PLoSO..1393777R">2018PLoSO..1393777R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0193777">10.1371/journal.pone.0193777</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1932-6203">1932-6203</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5862411">5862411</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29561860">29561860</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=Why+is+the+market+for+hybrid+electric+vehicles+%28HEVs%29+moving+slowly%3F&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=e0193777&rft.date=2018-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5862411%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018PLoSO..1393777R&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29561860&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0193777&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.aulast=Rahmani&rft.aufirst=Djamel&rft.au=Loureiro%2C+Maria+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5862411&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHandyWestonMokhtarian2005" class="citation journal cs1">Handy, Susan; Weston, Lisa; <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Mokhtarian" title="Patricia Mokhtarian">Mokhtarian, Patricia L.</a> (2005-02-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0965856404000941">"Driving by choice or necessity?"</a>. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. 39 (2–3): 183–203. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005TRPA...39..183H">2005TRPA...39..183H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tra.2004.09.002">10.1016/j.tra.2004.09.002</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0965-8564">0965-8564</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154344700">154344700</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transportation+Research+Part+A%3A+Policy+and+Practice&rft.atitle=Driving+by+choice+or+necessity%3F&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E183-%3C%2Fspan%3E203&rft.date=2005-02-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.tra.2004.09.002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154344700%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0965-8564&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005TRPA...39..183H&rft.aulast=Handy&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.au=Weston%2C+Lisa&rft.au=Mokhtarian%2C+Patricia+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fpii%2FS0965856404000941&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_39-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButtShaw2009" class="citation cs2">Butt, Sarah; Shaw, Andrew (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9780857024350.n6">"Pay More, Fly Less? Changing Attitudes to Air Travel"</a>, British Social Attitudes: The 25th Report, London: SAGE Publications Ltd, pp. 129–154, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4135%2F9780857024350.n6">10.4135/9780857024350.n6</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84860-639-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84860-639-5"><bdi>978-1-84860-639-5</bdi></a>, retrieved 2021-05-15</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Social+Attitudes%3A+The+25th+Report&rft.atitle=Pay+More%2C+Fly+Less%3F+Changing+Attitudes+to+Air+Travel&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E129-%3C%2Fspan%3E154&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4135%2F9780857024350.n6&rft.isbn=978-1-84860-639-5&rft.aulast=Butt&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.au=Shaw%2C+Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.4135%2F9780857024350.n6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMashayekhJaramilloSamarasHendrickson2012" class="citation journal cs1">Mashayekh, Yeganeh; Jaramillo, Paulina; Samaras, Constantine; Hendrickson, Chris T.; Blackhurst, Michael; MacLean, Heather L.; Matthews, H. Scott (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fes203353q">"Potentials for Sustainable Transportation in Cities to Alleviate Climate Change Impacts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Environmental_Science_%26_Technology" title="Environmental Science & Technology">Environmental Science & Technology</a>. 46 (5): 2529–2537. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EnST...46.2529M">2012EnST...46.2529M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fes203353q">10.1021/es203353q</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22192244">22192244</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Potentials+for+Sustainable+Transportation+in+Cities+to+Alleviate+Climate+Change+Impacts&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2529-%3C%2Fspan%3E2537&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22192244&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fes203353q&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012EnST...46.2529M&rft.aulast=Mashayekh&rft.aufirst=Yeganeh&rft.au=Jaramillo%2C+Paulina&rft.au=Samaras%2C+Constantine&rft.au=Hendrickson%2C+Chris+T.&rft.au=Blackhurst%2C+Michael&rft.au=MacLean%2C+Heather+L.&rft.au=Matthews%2C+H.+Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1021%252Fes203353q&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-41"><a href="#cite_ref-:10_41-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawkinsGausenStrømman2012" class="citation journal cs1">Hawkins, Troy R.; Gausen, Ola Moa; Strømman, Anders Hammer (2012-09-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-012-0440-9">"Environmental impacts of hybrid and electric vehicles—a review"</a>. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. 17 (8): 997–1014. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012IJLCA..17..997H">2012IJLCA..17..997H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11367-012-0440-9">10.1007/s11367-012-0440-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1614-7502">1614-7502</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:109391241">109391241</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+Journal+of+Life+Cycle+Assessment&rft.atitle=Environmental+impacts+of+hybrid+and+electric+vehicles%E2%80%94a+review&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E997-%3C%2Fspan%3E1014&rft.date=2012-09-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11367-012-0440-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A109391241%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1614-7502&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012IJLCA..17..997H&rft.aulast=Hawkins&rft.aufirst=Troy+R.&rft.au=Gausen%2C+Ola+Moa&rft.au=Str%C3%B8mman%2C+Anders+Hammer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2Fs11367-012-0440-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaheenCohenBayen2018" class="citation web cs1">Shaheen, Susan; Cohen, Adam; Bayen, Alexandre (2018-10-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7jx6z631#main">"The Benefits of Carpooling"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7922%2FG2DZ06GF">10.7922/G2DZ06GF</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:132842014">132842014</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Benefits+of+Carpooling&rft.date=2018-10-22&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7922%2FG2DZ06GF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A132842014%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Shaheen&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.au=Cohen%2C+Adam&rft.au=Bayen%2C+Alexandre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fescholarship.org%2Fuc%2Fitem%2F7jx6z631%23main&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_43-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_43-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_43-3">d</a> Anair, Don, Jeremy Martin, Maria Cecilia Pinto de Moura, and Joshua Goldman. 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/ride-hailing-climate-risks">Ride-Hailing’s Climate Risks: Steering a Growing Industry toward a Clean Transportation Future</a>. Cambridge, MA: Union of Concerned Scientists. </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ourworldindata.org/travel-carbon-footprint">"Which form of transport has the smallest carbon footprint?"</a>. Our World in Data. Retrieved 2021-05-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Our+World+in+Data&rft.atitle=Which+form+of+transport+has+the+smallest+carbon+footprint%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fourworldindata.org%2Ftravel-carbon-footprint&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGösslingHannaHighamCohen2019" class="citation journal cs1">Gössling, Stefan; Hanna, Paul; Higham, James; Cohen, Scott; Hopkins, Debbie (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1d10162e-137a-438a-9ea3-1df6e198c974">"Can we fly less? Evaluating the 'necessity' of air travel"</a>. Journal of Air Transport Management. 81: 101722. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jairtraman.2019.101722">10.1016/j.jairtraman.2019.101722</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:204435747">204435747</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Air+Transport+Management&rft.atitle=Can+we+fly+less%3F+Evaluating+the+%27necessity%27+of+air+travel&rft.volume=81&rft.pages=101722&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jairtraman.2019.101722&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A204435747%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=G%C3%B6ssling&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rft.au=Hanna%2C+Paul&rft.au=Higham%2C+James&rft.au=Cohen%2C+Scott&rft.au=Hopkins%2C+Debbie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fora.ox.ac.uk%2Fobjects%2Fuuid%3A1d10162e-137a-438a-9ea3-1df6e198c974&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_46-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlotnick" class="citation web cs1">Slotnick, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/airlines-greenhouse-gasses-aviation-reduce-2019-11">"Airlines are working to cut down on emissions to secure their future business model, but the technology to make a real impact is still years away"</a>. Business Insider. Retrieved 2021-05-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Airlines+are+working+to+cut+down+on+emissions+to+secure+their+future+business+model%2C+but+the+technology+to+make+a+real+impact+is+still+years+away&rft.aulast=Slotnick&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fairlines-greenhouse-gasses-aviation-reduce-2019-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/behaviour-change-public-engagement-and-net-zero-imperial-college-london/">"Behaviour change, public engagement and Net Zero (Imperial College London)"</a>. Committee on Climate Change. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191114044057/https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/behaviour-change-public-engagement-and-net-zero-imperial-college-london/">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-11-14. Retrieved 2019-10-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Committee+on+Climate+Change&rft.atitle=Behaviour+change%2C+public+engagement+and+Net+Zero+%28Imperial+College+London%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theccc.org.uk%2Fpublication%2Fbehaviour-change-public-engagement-and-net-zero-imperial-college-london%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NS-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NS_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NS_48-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/2201416-seven-charts-that-explain-what-net-zero-emissions-means-for-the-uk/">"Seven charts that explain what net zero emissions means for the UK"</a>. www.newscientist.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190507090531/https://www.newscientist.com/article/2201416-seven-charts-that-explain-what-net-zero-emissions-means-for-the-uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-05-07. Retrieved 2019-07-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.newscientist.com&rft.atitle=Seven+charts+that+explain+what+net+zero+emissions+means+for+the+UK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Farticle%2F2201416-seven-charts-that-explain-what-net-zero-emissions-means-for-the-uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.responsibletravel.com/copy/carbon-offsets">"Carbon offsetting flights. A dangerous distraction. Helping Dreamers Do"</a>. responsibletravel.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190918045222/https://www.responsibletravel.com/copy/carbon-offsets">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-09-18. Retrieved 2019-07-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=responsibletravel.com&rft.atitle=Carbon+offsetting+flights.+A+dangerous+distraction.+Helping+Dreamers+Do&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.responsibletravel.com%2Fcopy%2Fcarbon-offsets&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://davidsuzuki.org/what-you-can-do/air-travel-climate-change/">"Air travel and climate change"</a>. David Suzuki Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111184848/https://davidsuzuki.org/what-you-can-do/air-travel-climate-change/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-11-11. Retrieved 2020-11-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=David+Suzuki+Foundation&rft.atitle=Air+travel+and+climate+change&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdavidsuzuki.org%2Fwhat-you-can-do%2Fair-travel-climate-change%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/6108578/why-flying-is-more-expensive-than-taking-the-train/">"Why Flying Carbon Class to COP26 Is More Expensive Than Taking the Train"</a>. Time. Retrieved 2021-11-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Why+Flying+Carbon+Class+to+COP26+Is+More+Expensive+Than+Taking+the+Train&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F6108578%2Fwhy-flying-is-more-expensive-than-taking-the-train%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/04/small-cuts-in-air-traffic-would-level-off-global-heating-caused-by-flying-study">"Small cuts in air traffic would level off global heating caused by flying – study"</a>. the Guardian. 2021-11-04. Retrieved 2021-11-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Small+cuts+in+air+traffic+would+level+off+global+heating+caused+by+flying+%E2%80%93+study&rft.date=2021-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2021%2Fnov%2F04%2Fsmall-cuts-in-air-traffic-would-level-off-global-heating-caused-by-flying-study&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/business-58769351">"Contrails: How tweaking flight plans can help the climate"</a>. BBC News. 2021-10-22. Retrieved 2021-11-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Contrails%3A+How+tweaking+flight+plans+can+help+the+climate&rft.date=2021-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-58769351&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:283-54"><a href="#cite_ref-:283_54-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eib.org/en/surveys/climate-survey/4th-climate-survey/hybrid-electric-petrol-cars-flying-holidays-climate.htm">"2021-2022 EIB Climate Survey, part 2 of 3: Shopping for a new car? Most Europeans say they will opt for hybrid or electric"</a>. EIB.org. Retrieved 2022-04-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EIB.org&rft.atitle=2021-2022+EIB+Climate+Survey%2C+part+2+of+3%3A+Shopping+for+a+new+car%3F+Most+Europeans+say+they+will+opt+for+hybrid+or+electric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eib.org%2Fen%2Fsurveys%2Fclimate-survey%2F4th-climate-survey%2Fhybrid-electric-petrol-cars-flying-holidays-climate.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:262-55"><a href="#cite_ref-:262_55-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eib.org/en/surveys/climate-survey/4th-climate-survey/skepticism-reduced-carbon-emission-targets.htm">"2021-2022 EIB Climate Survey, part 1 of 3: Europeans sceptical about successfully reducing carbon emissions by 2050, American and Chinese respondents more confident"</a>. EIB.org. Retrieved 2022-03-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EIB.org&rft.atitle=2021-2022+EIB+Climate+Survey%2C+part+1+of+3%3A+Europeans+sceptical+about+successfully+reducing+carbon+emissions+by+2050%2C+American+and+Chinese+respondents+more+confident&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eib.org%2Fen%2Fsurveys%2Fclimate-survey%2F4th-climate-survey%2Fskepticism-reduced-carbon-emission-targets.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.echo-ca.org/article/guide-solar-reflective-paints-energy-efficient-homes">"Guide to Solar-Reflective Paints for Energy-Efficient Homes"</a>. Educational Community for Homeowners (ECHO). 19 November 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191209002626/https://www.echo-ca.org/article/guide-solar-reflective-paints-energy-efficient-homes">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-12-09. Retrieved 2019-12-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Educational+Community+for+Homeowners+%28ECHO%29&rft.atitle=Guide+to+Solar-Reflective+Paints+for+Energy-Efficient+Homes&rft.date=2013-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.echo-ca.org%2Farticle%2Fguide-solar-reflective-paints-energy-efficient-homes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theccc.org.uk/tackling-climate-change/reducing-carbon-emissions/what-can-be-done/using-energy-more-efficiently/">"Using energy more efficiently"</a>. Committee on Climate Change. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191224190701/https://www.theccc.org.uk/tackling-climate-change/reducing-carbon-emissions/what-can-be-done/using-energy-more-efficiently/">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-12-24. Retrieved 2019-12-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Committee+on+Climate+Change&rft.atitle=Using+energy+more+efficiently&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theccc.org.uk%2Ftackling-climate-change%2Freducing-carbon-emissions%2Fwhat-can-be-done%2Fusing-energy-more-efficiently%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-58171814">"Climate change: Four things you can do about your carbon footprint"</a>. 2021-10-26. Retrieved 2024-11-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Climate+change%3A+Four+things+you+can+do+about+your+carbon+footprint&rft.date=2021-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-58171814&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhpr.org/environment/2021-11-12/the-outside-inbox-what-home-heating-system-is-best-for-the-climate">"The Outside/In[box]: What home heating system is best for the climate?"</a>. New Hampshire Public Radio. 2021-11-12. Retrieved 2021-11-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Hampshire+Public+Radio&rft.atitle=The+Outside%2FIn%5Bbox%5D%3A+What+home+heating+system+is+best+for+the+climate%3F&rft.date=2021-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhpr.org%2Fenvironment%2F2021-11-12%2Fthe-outside-inbox-what-home-heating-system-is-best-for-the-climate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/behaviour-change-public-engagement-and-net-zero-imperial-college-london/">"Behaviour change, public engagement and Net Zero (Imperial College London)"</a>. Committee on Climate Change. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191114044057/https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/behaviour-change-public-engagement-and-net-zero-imperial-college-london/">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-11-14. Retrieved 2019-11-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Committee+on+Climate+Change&rft.atitle=Behaviour+change%2C+public+engagement+and+Net+Zero+%28Imperial+College+London%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theccc.org.uk%2Fpublication%2Fbehaviour-change-public-engagement-and-net-zero-imperial-college-london%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecotricity.co.uk/our-green-energy/our-green-gas/what-is-green-gas">"What is green gas? – Ecotricity"</a>. www.ecotricity.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190722154238/https://www.ecotricity.co.uk/our-green-energy/our-green-gas/what-is-green-gas">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-07-22. Retrieved 2019-07-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ecotricity.co.uk&rft.atitle=What+is+green+gas%3F+%E2%80%93+Ecotricity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecotricity.co.uk%2Four-green-energy%2Four-green-gas%2Fwhat-is-green-gas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drawdown.org/solutions/distributed-solar-photovoltaics">"Distributed Solar Photovoltaics @ProjectDrawdown #ClimateSolutions"</a>. Project Drawdown. 2020-02-06. Retrieved 2021-11-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Project+Drawdown&rft.atitle=Distributed+Solar+Photovoltaics+%40ProjectDrawdown+%23ClimateSolutions&rft.date=2020-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drawdown.org%2Fsolutions%2Fdistributed-solar-photovoltaics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArif2013" class="citation web cs1">Arif, Mashail S. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nature.berkeley.edu/classes/es196/projects/2013final/ArifM_2013.pdf">"Residential Solar Panels and Their Impact on the Reduction of Carbon Emissions"</a> (PDF). Retrieved 19 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Residential+Solar+Panels+and+Their+Impact+on+the+Reduction+of+Carbon+Emissions&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Arif&rft.aufirst=Mashail+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnature.berkeley.edu%2Fclasses%2Fes196%2Fprojects%2F2013final%2FArifM_2013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bank-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bank_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bank_64-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBank2023" class="citation book cs1">Bank, European Investment (2023-06-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eib.org/en/publications/20230098-eib-climate-survey-europe">The EIB Climate Survey: Government action, personal choices and the green transition</a>. European Investment Bank. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-861-5535-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-861-5535-2"><bdi>978-92-861-5535-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+EIB+Climate+Survey%3A+Government+action%2C+personal+choices+and+the+green+transition&rft.pub=European+Investment+Bank&rft.date=2023-06-05&rft.isbn=978-92-861-5535-2&rft.aulast=Bank&rft.aufirst=European+Investment&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eib.org%2Fen%2Fpublications%2F20230098-eib-climate-survey-europe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSegran2021" class="citation web cs1">Segran, Elizabeth (2021-08-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fastcompany.com/90662861/acs-are-bulky-loud-and-terrible-for-the-environment-is-there-a-better-version-in-our-future">"ACs are bulky, loud, and terrible for the environment. Is there a better version in our future?"</a>. Fast Company. Retrieved 2021-11-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fast+Company&rft.atitle=ACs+are+bulky%2C+loud%2C+and+terrible+for+the+environment.+Is+there+a+better+version+in+our+future%3F&rft.date=2021-08-10&rft.aulast=Segran&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fastcompany.com%2F90662861%2Facs-are-bulky-loud-and-terrible-for-the-environment-is-there-a-better-version-in-our-future&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.environdec.com/">"The International EPD® System"</a>. www.environdec.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191211205242/https://www.environdec.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-12-11. Retrieved 2019-12-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.environdec.com&rft.atitle=The+International+EPD%C2%AE+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.environdec.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrady2021" class="citation news cs1">Brady, Jeff (2021-10-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2021/10/07/1015460605/gas-stove-emissions-climate-change-health-effects">"We need to talk about your gas stove, your health and climate change"</a>. NPR.org. Retrieved 2022-02-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR.org&rft.atitle=We+need+to+talk+about+your+gas+stove%2C+your+health+and+climate+change&rft.date=2021-10-07&rft.aulast=Brady&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2021%2F10%2F07%2F1015460605%2Fgas-stove-emissions-climate-change-health-effects&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOregon_State_University2022" class="citation journal cs1">Oregon State University, OSU Extension Services (23 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://extension.oregonstate.edu/gardening/lawn/through-thoughtful-practices-lawns-can-be-climate-friendly">"Through thoughtful practices, lawns can be climate-friendly"</a>. Ag - Community Horticulture/Landscape. Retrieved May 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ag+-+Community+Horticulture%2FLandscape&rft.atitle=Through+thoughtful+practices%2C+lawns+can+be+climate-friendly&rft.date=2022-09-23&rft.aulast=Oregon+State+University&rft.aufirst=OSU+Extension+Services&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fextension.oregonstate.edu%2Fgardening%2Flawn%2Fthrough-thoughtful-practices-lawns-can-be-climate-friendly&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:17-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:17_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_69-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRegents_of_the_University_of_California,_Davis2023" class="citation web cs1">Regents of the University of California, Davis (April 10, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://climatechange.ucdavis.edu/climate/definitions/carbon-sequestration">"Carbon Sequestration"</a>. Climate Change Terms and Definitions. Retrieved May 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climate+Change+Terms+and+Definitions&rft.atitle=Carbon+Sequestration&rft.date=2023-04-10&rft.au=Regents+of+the+University+of+California%2C+Davis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclimatechange.ucdavis.edu%2Fclimate%2Fdefinitions%2Fcarbon-sequestration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:03-70">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:03_70-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:03_70-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTownsend-SmallCzimczik2010" class="citation journal cs1">Townsend-Small, Amy; Czimczik, Claudia (January 22, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://escholarship.org/uc/item/16h20797">"Carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions in urban turf"</a>. Geophysical Research Letters. 37 (2) – via University of California, Irvine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Carbon+sequestration+and+greenhouse+gas+emissions+in+urban+turf&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2010-01-22&rft.aulast=Townsend-Small&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft.au=Czimczik%2C+Claudia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fescholarship.org%2Fuc%2Fitem%2F16h20797&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:25-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:25_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:25_71-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:25_71-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSon2020" class="citation web cs1">Son, Jiahn (May 12, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psci.princeton.edu/tips/2020/5/11/law-maintenance-and-climate-change">"Lawn Maintenance and Climate Change"</a>. ClimateAction@princeton.edu. Retrieved May 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ClimateAction%40princeton.edu&rft.atitle=Lawn+Maintenance+and+Climate+Change&rft.date=2020-05-12&rft.aulast=Son&rft.aufirst=Jiahn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsci.princeton.edu%2Ftips%2F2020%2F5%2F11%2Flaw-maintenance-and-climate-change&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:32-72"><a href="#cite_ref-:32_72-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFountainKayson2019" class="citation web cs1">Fountain, Henry; Kayson, Ronda (September 15, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/10/climate/climate-newsletter-lawns.html">"One Thing You Can Do: Reduce Your Lawn"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190915022213/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/10/climate/climate-newsletter-lawns.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-09-15. Retrieved May 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=One+Thing+You+Can+Do%3A+Reduce+Your+Lawn&rft.date=2019-09-15&rft.aulast=Fountain&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.au=Kayson%2C+Ronda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F04%2F10%2Fclimate%2Fclimate-newsletter-lawns.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParzyszek2022" class="citation web cs1">Parzyszek, Paul (May 23, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://utopia.org/guide/natural-lawns-a-sustainable-and-eco-friendly-alternative-to-grass/">"Natural Lawns: A Sustainable and Eco-Friendly Alternative to Grass"</a>. Wiki Education. Retrieved May 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wiki+Education&rft.atitle=Natural+Lawns%3A+A+Sustainable+and+Eco-Friendly+Alternative+to+Grass&rft.date=2022-05-23&rft.aulast=Parzyszek&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Futopia.org%2Fguide%2Fnatural-lawns-a-sustainable-and-eco-friendly-alternative-to-grass%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOur_Story" class="citation web cs1">Our Story. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trees.org/why-trees/">"Trees for the Future"</a>. Our Story. Retrieved May 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Our+Story&rft.atitle=Trees+for+the+Future&rft.au=Our+Story&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrees.org%2Fwhy-trees%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerners-LeeClark2010" class="citation news cs1">Berners-Lee, Mike; Clark, Duncan (2010-11-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/green-living-blog/2010/nov/25/carbon-footprint-load-laundry">"What's the carbon footprint of … a load of laundry?"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191209005723/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/green-living-blog/2010/nov/25/carbon-footprint-load-laundry">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-12-09. Retrieved 2019-12-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=What%27s+the+carbon+footprint+of+%E2%80%A6+a+load+of+laundry%3F&rft.date=2010-11-25&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Berners-Lee&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft.au=Clark%2C+Duncan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2Fgreen-living-blog%2F2010%2Fnov%2F25%2Fcarbon-footprint-load-laundry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smallfootprintfamily.com/benefits-of-using-a-clothesline">"The Benefits of Using a Clothesline"</a>. Small Footprint Family™. 2009-08-10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190926163517/https://www.smallfootprintfamily.com/benefits-of-using-a-clothesline">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-09-26. Retrieved 2019-12-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Small+Footprint+Family%E2%84%A2&rft.atitle=The+Benefits+of+Using+a+Clothesline&rft.date=2009-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smallfootprintfamily.com%2Fbenefits-of-using-a-clothesline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeoghegan2010" class="citation news cs1">Geoghegan, Tom (2010-10-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-11417677">"High and dry"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112015312/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-11417677">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-11-12. Retrieved 2020-02-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=High+and+dry&rft.date=2010-10-08&rft.aulast=Geoghegan&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-11417677&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes2007" class="citation news cs1">Hughes, Kathleen A. (2007-04-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/12/garden/12clothesline.html">"To Fight Global Warming, Some Hang a Clothesline"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200222133935/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/12/garden/12clothesline.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-02-22. Retrieved 2020-02-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=To+Fight+Global+Warming%2C+Some+Hang+a+Clothesline&rft.date=2007-04-12&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Kathleen+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F04%2F12%2Fgarden%2F12clothesline.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCottonHaywardLantBlackburn2020" class="citation journal cs1">Cotton, Lucy; Hayward, Adam S.; Lant, Neil J.; Blackburn, Richard S. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.dyepig.2019.108120">"Improved garment longevity and reduced microfibre release are important sustainability benefits of laundering in colder and quicker washing machine cycles"</a>. Dyes and Pigments. 177: 108120. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.dyepig.2019.108120">10.1016/j.dyepig.2019.108120</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dyes+and+Pigments&rft.atitle=Improved+garment+longevity+and+reduced+microfibre+release+are+important+sustainability+benefits+of+laundering+in+colder+and+quicker+washing+machine+cycles&rft.volume=177&rft.pages=108120&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.dyepig.2019.108120&rft.aulast=Cotton&rft.aufirst=Lucy&rft.au=Hayward%2C+Adam+S.&rft.au=Lant%2C+Neil+J.&rft.au=Blackburn%2C+Richard+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.dyepig.2019.108120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHurst" class="citation web cs1">Hurst, Nathan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/whats-environmental-footprint-t-shirt-180962885/">"What's the Environmental Footprint of a T-Shirt?"</a>. Smithsonian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191209005725/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/whats-environmental-footprint-t-shirt-180962885/">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-12-09. Retrieved 2019-12-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian&rft.atitle=What%27s+the+Environmental+Footprint+of+a+T-Shirt%3F&rft.aulast=Hurst&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Finnovation%2Fwhats-environmental-footprint-t-shirt-180962885%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41558-017-0058-9">"The price of fast fashion"</a>. Nature Climate Change. 8 (1): 1. January 2018. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NatCC...8....1.">2018NatCC...8....1.</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41558-017-0058-9">10.1038/s41558-017-0058-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1758-6798">1758-6798</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Climate+Change&rft.atitle=The+price+of+fast+fashion&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2018-01&rft.issn=1758-6798&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41558-017-0058-9&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018NatCC...8....1.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fs41558-017-0058-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeather" class="citation web cs1">Feather, Katie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/doc-climate-and-fashion/">"How The Fashion Industry Is Responding To Climate Change"</a>. Science Friday. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200222133938/https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/doc-climate-and-fashion/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-02-22. Retrieved 2020-02-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+Friday&rft.atitle=How+The+Fashion+Industry+Is+Responding+To+Climate+Change&rft.aulast=Feather&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencefriday.com%2Fsegments%2Fdoc-climate-and-fashion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Copyright_©_2020-83"><a href="#cite_ref-Copyright_©_2020_83-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCopyright_©_20202018" class="citation web cs1">Copyright © 2020 (27 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.planetaid.org/blog/lessening-the-harmful-effects-of-the-clothing-industry">"Lessening the Harmful Environmental Effects of the Clothing Industry"</a>. Planet Aid, Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190204021724/http://www.planetaid.org/blog/lessening-the-harmful-effects-of-the-clothing-industry">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-02-04. Retrieved 2020-11-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Planet+Aid%2C+Inc.&rft.atitle=Lessening+the+Harmful+Environmental+Effects+of+the+Clothing+Industry&rft.date=2018-02-27&rft.au=Copyright+%C2%A9+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.planetaid.org%2Fblog%2Flessening-the-harmful-effects-of-the-clothing-industry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRo2020" class="citation web cs1">Ro, Christine (March 27, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200326-the-hidden-impact-of-your-daily-water-use">"The hidden impact of your daily water use"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. Retrieved 2022-12-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=The+hidden+impact+of+your+daily+water+use&rft.date=2020-03-27&rft.aulast=Ro&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Ffuture%2Farticle%2F20200326-the-hidden-impact-of-your-daily-water-use&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://simplicable.com/new/law-of-supply-and-demand">"Law of Supply and Demand"</a>. Simplicable. 2018-01-04. Retrieved 2022-01-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Simplicable&rft.atitle=Law+of+Supply+and+Demand&rft.date=2018-01-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsimplicable.com%2Fnew%2Flaw-of-supply-and-demand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.realagriculture.com/2018/02/u-s-dairy-subsidies-equal-73-percent-of-producer-returns-says-new-report/">"U.S. dairy subsidies equal 73% of producer returns"</a>. realagriculture. 2018-02-09. Retrieved 2022-01-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=realagriculture&rft.atitle=U.S.+dairy+subsidies+equal+73%25+of+producer+returns&rft.date=2018-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.realagriculture.com%2F2018%2F02%2Fu-s-dairy-subsidies-equal-73-percent-of-producer-returns-says-new-report%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prosancons.com/government/pros-and-cons-of-us-government-subsidies/">"Pros and Cons of US Government Subsidies"</a>. Pros and Cons. 2019-02-24. Retrieved 2022-01-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pros+and+Cons&rft.atitle=Pros+and+Cons+of+US+Government+Subsidies&rft.date=2019-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprosancons.com%2Fgovernment%2Fpros-and-cons-of-us-government-subsidies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Rugy2015" class="citation web cs1">de Rugy, Veronique (2015-03-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mercatus.org/publications/government-spending/subsidies-are-problem-not-solution-innovation-energy">"Subsidies Are the Problem, Not the Solution, for Innovation in Energy"</a>. Mercatus. Retrieved 2022-01-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mercatus&rft.atitle=Subsidies+Are+the+Problem%2C+Not+the+Solution%2C+for+Innovation+in+Energy&rft.date=2015-03-24&rft.aulast=de+Rugy&rft.aufirst=Veronique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercatus.org%2Fpublications%2Fgovernment-spending%2Fsubsidies-are-problem-not-solution-innovation-energy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:28-89"><a href="#cite_ref-:28_89-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eib.org/en/surveys/climate-survey/4th-climate-survey/hybrid-electric-petrol-cars-flying-holidays-climate.htm">"2021-2022 EIB Climate Survey, part 2 of 3: Shopping for a new car? Most Europeans say they will opt for hybrid or electric"</a>. EIB.org. Retrieved 2022-04-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EIB.org&rft.atitle=2021-2022+EIB+Climate+Survey%2C+part+2+of+3%3A+Shopping+for+a+new+car%3F+Most+Europeans+say+they+will+opt+for+hybrid+or+electric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eib.org%2Fen%2Fsurveys%2Fclimate-survey%2F4th-climate-survey%2Fhybrid-electric-petrol-cars-flying-holidays-climate.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:26-90"><a href="#cite_ref-:26_90-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eib.org/en/surveys/climate-survey/4th-climate-survey/skepticism-reduced-carbon-emission-targets.htm">"2021-2022 EIB Climate Survey, part 1 of 3: Europeans sceptical about successfully reducing carbon emissions by 2050, American and Chinese respondents more confident"</a>. EIB.org. Retrieved 2022-03-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EIB.org&rft.atitle=2021-2022+EIB+Climate+Survey%2C+part+1+of+3%3A+Europeans+sceptical+about+successfully+reducing+carbon+emissions+by+2050%2C+American+and+Chinese+respondents+more+confident&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eib.org%2Fen%2Fsurveys%2Fclimate-survey%2F4th-climate-survey%2Fskepticism-reduced-carbon-emission-targets.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:264-91"><a href="#cite_ref-:264_91-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eib.org/en/surveys/climate-survey/4th-climate-survey/skepticism-reduced-carbon-emission-targets.htm">"2021-2022 EIB Climate Survey, part 1 of 3: Europeans sceptical about successfully reducing carbon emissions by 2050, American and Chinese respondents more confident"</a>. EIB.org. Retrieved 2022-03-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EIB.org&rft.atitle=2021-2022+EIB+Climate+Survey%2C+part+1+of+3%3A+Europeans+sceptical+about+successfully+reducing+carbon+emissions+by+2050%2C+American+and+Chinese+respondents+more+confident&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eib.org%2Fen%2Fsurveys%2Fclimate-survey%2F4th-climate-survey%2Fskepticism-reduced-carbon-emission-targets.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:27-92"><a href="#cite_ref-:27_92-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eib.org/en/surveys/climate-survey/4th-climate-survey/green-transition-jobs-lifestyle-adaptation.htm">"2021-2022 EIB Climate Survey, part 3 of 3: The economic and social impact of the green transition"</a>. EIB.org. Retrieved 2022-03-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EIB.org&rft.atitle=2021-2022+EIB+Climate+Survey%2C+part+3+of+3%3A+The+economic+and+social+impact+of+the+green+transition&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eib.org%2Fen%2Fsurveys%2Fclimate-survey%2F4th-climate-survey%2Fgreen-transition-jobs-lifestyle-adaptation.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorunda2019" class="citation web cs1">Borunda, Alejandra (2019-06-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190629203730/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2019/06/cities-climate-impact-consume-less/">"How can city dwellers help with climate change? Buy less stuff"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic">National Geographic</a> - Environment. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2019/06/cities-climate-impact-consume-less/">the original</a> on 2019-06-29. Retrieved 2019-12-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic+-+Environment&rft.atitle=How+can+city+dwellers+help+with+climate+change%3F+Buy+less+stuff&rft.date=2019-06-11&rft.aulast=Borunda&rft.aufirst=Alejandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fenvironment%2F2019%2F06%2Fcities-climate-impact-consume-less%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlter2018" class="citation web cs1">Alter, Lloyd (October 18, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treehugger.com/green-architecture/how-much-does-your-household-weigh.html">"How much does your household weigh?"</a>. TreeHugger. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191209005725/https://www.treehugger.com/green-architecture/how-much-does-your-household-weigh.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-12-09. Retrieved 2019-12-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TreeHugger&rft.atitle=How+much+does+your+household+weigh%3F&rft.date=2018-10-18&rft.aulast=Alter&rft.aufirst=Lloyd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.treehugger.com%2Fgreen-architecture%2Fhow-much-does-your-household-weigh.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWharton2023" class="citation web cs1">Wharton, Rachel (June 21, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/blog/worried-about-your-gas-stove/">"Worried About Your Gas Stove? Here's What to Do"</a>. Wirecutter.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wirecutter&rft.atitle=Worried+About+Your+Gas+Stove%3F+Here%27s+What+to+Do.&rft.date=2023-06-21&rft.aulast=Wharton&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fwirecutter%2Fblog%2Fworried-about-your-gas-stove%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXanthosWalker2017" class="citation journal cs1">Xanthos, Dirk; Walker, Tony R. (2017-05-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X17301650">"International policies to reduce plastic marine pollution from single-use plastics (plastic bags and microbeads): A review"</a>. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 118 (1–2): 17–26. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MarPB.118...17X">2017MarPB.118...17X</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.marpolbul.2017.02.048">10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.048</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0025-326X">0025-326X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28238328">28238328</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111204155/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X17301650">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-11-11. Retrieved 2020-12-31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Pollution+Bulletin&rft.atitle=International+policies+to+reduce+plastic+marine+pollution+from+single-use+plastics+%28plastic+bags+and+microbeads%29%3A+A+review&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E17-%3C%2Fspan%3E26&rft.date=2017-05-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.marpolbul.2017.02.048&rft.issn=0025-326X&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28238328&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017MarPB.118...17X&rft.aulast=Xanthos&rft.aufirst=Dirk&rft.au=Walker%2C+Tony+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0025326X17301650&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchnurrAlboiuChaudharyCorbett2018" class="citation journal cs1">Schnurr, Riley E. J.; Alboiu, Vanessa; Chaudhary, Meenakshi; Corbett, Roan A.; Quanz, Meaghan E.; Sankar, Karthikeshwar; Srain, Harveer S.; Thavarajah, Venukasan; Xanthos, Dirk; Walker, Tony R. (2018-12-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X18307033">"Reducing marine pollution from single-use plastics (SUPs): A review"</a>. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 137: 157–171. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MarPB.137..157S">2018MarPB.137..157S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.marpolbul.2018.10.001">10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.10.001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0025-326X">0025-326X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30503422">30503422</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:54522420">54522420</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210119023652/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0025326X18307033">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-01-19. Retrieved 2020-12-31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Pollution+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Reducing+marine+pollution+from+single-use+plastics+%28SUPs%29%3A+A+review&rft.volume=137&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E157-%3C%2Fspan%3E171&rft.date=2018-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A54522420%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018MarPB.137..157S&rft.issn=0025-326X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.marpolbul.2018.10.001&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30503422&rft.aulast=Schnurr&rft.aufirst=Riley+E.+J.&rft.au=Alboiu%2C+Vanessa&rft.au=Chaudhary%2C+Meenakshi&rft.au=Corbett%2C+Roan+A.&rft.au=Quanz%2C+Meaghan+E.&rft.au=Sankar%2C+Karthikeshwar&rft.au=Srain%2C+Harveer+S.&rft.au=Thavarajah%2C+Venukasan&rft.au=Xanthos%2C+Dirk&rft.au=Walker%2C+Tony+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0025326X18307033&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> ^ <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/04/30/dining/climate-change-food-eating-habits.html,%20https:/www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/04/30/dining/climate-change-food-eating-habits.html">https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/04/30/dining/climate-change-food-eating-habits.html,%20https:/www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/04/30/dining/climate-change-food-eating-habits.html</a>, New York Times, dead link </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRippleSmithHaberlMontzka2014" class="citation journal cs1">Ripple, William J.; Smith, Pete; Haberl, Helmut; Montzka, Stephen A.; McAlpine, Clive; Boucher, Douglas H. (January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate2081">"Ruminants, climate change and climate policy"</a>. Nature Climate Change. 4 (1): 2–5. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014NatCC...4....2R">2014NatCC...4....2R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnclimate2081">10.1038/nclimate2081</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1758-6798">1758-6798</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Climate+Change&rft.atitle=Ruminants%2C+climate+change+and+climate+policy&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2-%3C%2Fspan%3E5&rft.date=2014-01&rft.issn=1758-6798&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnclimate2081&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014NatCC...4....2R&rft.aulast=Ripple&rft.aufirst=William+J.&rft.au=Smith%2C+Pete&rft.au=Haberl%2C+Helmut&rft.au=Montzka%2C+Stephen+A.&rft.au=McAlpine%2C+Clive&rft.au=Boucher%2C+Douglas+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fnclimate2081&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:19-100">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:19_100-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:19_100-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.carbonindependent.org/18.html">"Emissions from food"</a>. www.carbonindependent.org. Retrieved 2023-11-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.carbonindependent.org&rft.atitle=Emissions+from+food&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.carbonindependent.org%2F18.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-59157836">"COP26: Emissions of rich put climate goals at risk - study"</a>. BBC News. 2021-11-05. Retrieved 2023-11-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=COP26%3A+Emissions+of+rich+put+climate+goals+at+risk+-+study&rft.date=2021-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-59157836&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usda.gov/foodlossandwaste">"Food Loss and Waste"</a>. www.usda.gov. Retrieved 2023-11-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.usda.gov&rft.atitle=Food+Loss+and+Waste&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usda.gov%2Ffoodlossandwaste&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drawdown.org/solutions/reduced-food-waste">"Reduced Food Waste @ProjectDrawdown #ClimateSolutions"</a>. Project Drawdown. 2020-02-06. Retrieved 2023-11-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Project+Drawdown&rft.atitle=Reduced+Food+Waste+%40ProjectDrawdown+%23ClimateSolutions&rft.date=2020-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdrawdown.org%2Fsolutions%2Freduced-food-waste&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhuLuoSunLi2023" class="citation journal cs1">Zhu, Jingyu; Luo, Zhenyi; Sun, Tingting; Li, Wenxuan; Zhou, Wei; Wang, Xiaonan; Fei, Xunchang; Tong, Huanhuan; Yin, Ke (March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-023-00710-3">"Cradle-to-grave emissions from food loss and waste represent half of total greenhouse gas emissions from food systems"</a>. Nature Food. 4 (3): 247–256. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs43016-023-00710-3">10.1038/s43016-023-00710-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2662-1355">2662-1355</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37118273">37118273</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:257512907">257512907</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Food&rft.atitle=Cradle-to-grave+emissions+from+food+loss+and+waste+represent+half+of+total+greenhouse+gas+emissions+from+food+systems&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E247-%3C%2Fspan%3E256&rft.date=2023-03&rft.issn=2662-1355&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A257512907%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F37118273&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs43016-023-00710-3&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=Jingyu&rft.au=Luo%2C+Zhenyi&rft.au=Sun%2C+Tingting&rft.au=Li%2C+Wenxuan&rft.au=Zhou%2C+Wei&rft.au=Wang%2C+Xiaonan&rft.au=Fei%2C+Xunchang&rft.au=Tong%2C+Huanhuan&rft.au=Yin%2C+Ke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs43016-023-00710-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usda.gov/foodlossandwaste/why">"Why should we care about food waste?"</a>. www.usda.gov. Retrieved 2023-11-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.usda.gov&rft.atitle=Why+should+we+care+about+food+waste%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usda.gov%2Ffoodlossandwaste%2Fwhy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFsays" class="citation web cs1">says, Rajesh Kr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newfoodmagazine.com/article/153960/food-waste-climate/">"Food waste: digesting the impact on climate"</a>. New Food Magazine. Retrieved 2023-11-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Food+Magazine&rft.atitle=Food+waste%3A+digesting+the+impact+on+climate&rft.aulast=says&rft.aufirst=Rajesh+Kr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newfoodmagazine.com%2Farticle%2F153960%2Ffood-waste-climate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiJiaLenzenMalik2022" class="citation journal cs1">Li, Mengyu; Jia, Nanfei; Lenzen, Manfred; Malik, Arunima; Wei, Liyuan; Jin, Yutong; Raubenheimer, David (June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-022-00531-w">"Global food-miles account for nearly 20% of total food-systems emissions"</a>. Nature Food. 3 (6): 445–453. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs43016-022-00531-w">10.1038/s43016-022-00531-w</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2662-1355">2662-1355</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37118044">37118044</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:249916086">249916086</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Food&rft.atitle=Global+food-miles+account+for+nearly+20%25+of+total+food-systems+emissions&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E445-%3C%2Fspan%3E453&rft.date=2022-06&rft.issn=2662-1355&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A249916086%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F37118044&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs43016-022-00531-w&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Mengyu&rft.au=Jia%2C+Nanfei&rft.au=Lenzen%2C+Manfred&rft.au=Malik%2C+Arunima&rft.au=Wei%2C+Liyuan&rft.au=Jin%2C+Yutong&rft.au=Raubenheimer%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs43016-022-00531-w&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.foodcoldchain.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Reducing-GHG-Emissions-with-the-Food-Cold-Chain-NOV2015.pdf">http://www.foodcoldchain.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Reducing-GHG-Emissions-with-the-Food-Cold-Chain-NOV2015.pdf</a>, 　Assessing the potential of the cold chain sector to reduce GHG emissions through food loss and waste reduction, Page 16, Table 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.climatecollaborative.com/packaging">"REDUCE THE CLIMATE IMPACT OF PACKAGING | Why Commit To Reducing The Climate Impact Of Packaging?"</a>. The Climate Collaborative. Retrieved 2023-11-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Climate+Collaborative&rft.atitle=REDUCE+THE+CLIMATE+IMPACT+OF+PACKAGING+%7C+Why+Commit+To+Reducing+The+Climate+Impact+Of+Packaging%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.climatecollaborative.com%2Fpackaging&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foodprint.org/issues/the-environmental-impact-of-food-packaging/">"The Environmental Impact of Food Packaging"</a>. FoodPrint. Retrieved 2023-11-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FoodPrint&rft.atitle=The+Environmental+Impact+of+Food+Packaging&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffoodprint.org%2Fissues%2Fthe-environmental-impact-of-food-packaging%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenyer2019" class="citation news cs1">Denyer, Simon (2019-06-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/japan-wraps-everything-in-plastic-now-it-wants-to-fight-against-plastic-pollution/2019/06/18/463fa73c-7298-11e9-9331-30bc5836f48e_story.html">"Japan wraps everything in plastic. Now it wants to fight against plastic pollution"</a>. Washington Post. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. Retrieved 2023-11-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Japan+wraps+everything+in+plastic.+Now+it+wants+to+fight+against+plastic+pollution.&rft.date=2019-06-18&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Denyer&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fasia_pacific%2Fjapan-wraps-everything-in-plastic-now-it-wants-to-fight-against-plastic-pollution%2F2019%2F06%2F18%2F463fa73c-7298-11e9-9331-30bc5836f48e_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://univibes.org/blog/over-packaging-problem-in-japan/">"The over-packaging problem in Japan"</a>. Univibes. Retrieved 2023-11-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Univibes&rft.atitle=The+over-packaging+problem+in+Japan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funivibes.org%2Fblog%2Fover-packaging-problem-in-japan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/video/world/all-the-plastic-thats-left-after-making-dinner-in-japan/2019/06/18/86b97234-eb7b-4305-a9c2-57e6a0d33675_video.html">https://www.washingtonpost.com/video/world/all-the-plastic-thats-left-after-making-dinner-in-japan/2019/06/18/86b97234-eb7b-4305-a9c2-57e6a0d33675_video.html</a> All the plastic that's left after making dinner in Japan, June 18, 2019. </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoe" class="citation web cs1">Joe, Melinda. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20220823-quitting-single-use-plastic-in-japan">"Quitting single-use plastic in Japan"</a>. www.bbc.com. Retrieved 2023-11-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.com&rft.atitle=Quitting+single-use+plastic+in+Japan&rft.aulast=Joe&rft.aufirst=Melinda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Ffuture%2Farticle%2F20220823-quitting-single-use-plastic-in-japan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoskinPlumerLiebermanWeingart2019" class="citation news cs1">Moskin, Julia; Plumer, Brad; Lieberman, Rebecca; Weingart, Eden; Popovich, Nadja (2019-04-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/04/30/dining/climate-change-food-eating-habits.html,%20https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/04/30/dining/climate-change-food-eating-habits.html">"Your Questions About Food and Climate Change, Answered (Published 2019)"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Your+Questions+About+Food+and+Climate+Change%2C+Answered+%28Published+2019%29&rft.date=2019-04-30&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Moskin&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft.au=Plumer%2C+Brad&rft.au=Lieberman%2C+Rebecca&rft.au=Weingart%2C+Eden&rft.au=Popovich%2C+Nadja&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2019%2F04%2F30%2Fdining%2Fclimate-change-food-eating-habits.html%2C%2520https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2019%2F04%2F30%2Fdining%2Fclimate-change-food-eating-habits.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRippleSmith2013" class="citation journal cs1">Ripple, William J.; Smith, Pete; et al. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trophiccascades.forestry.oregonstate.edu/sites/trophic/files/Ripple_2014_NCC.pdf">"Ruminants, climate change and climate policy"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Nature_Climate_Change" title="Nature Climate Change">Nature Climate Change</a>. 4 (1): 2–5. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014NatCC...4....2R">2014NatCC...4....2R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnclimate2081">10.1038/nclimate2081</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Climate+Change&rft.atitle=Ruminants%2C+climate+change+and+climate+policy&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2-%3C%2Fspan%3E5&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnclimate2081&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014NatCC...4....2R&rft.aulast=Ripple&rft.aufirst=William+J.&rft.au=Smith%2C+Pete&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrophiccascades.forestry.oregonstate.edu%2Fsites%2Ftrophic%2Ffiles%2FRipple_2014_NCC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:20-117"><a href="#cite_ref-:20_117-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRippleWolfNewsomeBarnard2019" class="citation journal cs1">Ripple, William J.; Wolf, Christopher; Newsome, Thomas M; Barnard, Phoebe; Moomaw, William R (November 5, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/advance-article/doi/10.1093/biosci/biz088/5610806">"World Scientists' Warning of a Climate Emergency"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BioScience" title="BioScience">BioScience</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fbiosci%2Fbiz088">10.1093/biosci/biz088</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1808%2F30278">1808/30278</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioScience&rft.atitle=World+Scientists%27+Warning+of+a+Climate+Emergency&rft.date=2019-11-05&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1808%2F30278&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fbiosci%2Fbiz088&rft.aulast=Ripple&rft.aufirst=William+J.&rft.au=Wolf%2C+Christopher&rft.au=Newsome%2C+Thomas+M&rft.au=Barnard%2C+Phoebe&rft.au=Moomaw%2C+William+R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fbioscience%2Fadvance-article%2Fdoi%2F10.1093%2Fbiosci%2Fbiz088%2F5610806&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-118"><a href="#cite_ref-:4_118-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/may/31/avoiding-meat-and-dairy-is-single-biggest-way-to-reduce-your-impact-on-earth">"Avoiding meat and dairy is 'single biggest way' to reduce your impact on Earth"</a>. the Guardian. 2018-05-31. Retrieved 2021-04-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Avoiding+meat+and+dairy+is+%27single+biggest+way%27+to+reduce+your+impact+on+Earth&rft.date=2018-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2018%2Fmay%2F31%2Favoiding-meat-and-dairy-is-single-biggest-way-to-reduce-your-impact-on-earth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBriggs2018" class="citation news cs1">Briggs, Nassos Stylianou, Clara Guibourg and Helen (2018-12-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-46459714">"Climate change food calculator: What's your diet's carbon footprint?"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191012151923/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-46459714">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-10-12. Retrieved 2019-07-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Climate+change+food+calculator%3A+What%27s+your+diet%27s+carbon+footprint%3F&rft.date=2018-12-13&rft.aulast=Briggs&rft.aufirst=Nassos+Stylianou%2C+Clara+Guibourg+and+Helen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-46459714&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallagher2019" class="citation news cs1">Gallagher, James (2019-01-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/health-46865204">"Meat, veg, nuts - a diet designed to feed 10bn"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191006170308/https://www.bbc.com/news/health-46865204">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-10-06. Retrieved 2019-11-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Meat%2C+veg%2C+nuts+-+a+diet+designed+to+feed+10bn&rft.date=2019-01-17&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fhealth-46865204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/healthy-diet">"Healthy diet"</a>. www.who.int. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191021051456/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/healthy-diet">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-10-21. Retrieved 2019-12-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.who.int&rft.atitle=Healthy+diet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fnews-room%2Ffact-sheets%2Fdetail%2Fhealthy-diet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchiermeier2019" class="citation news cs1">Schiermeier, Quirin (August 8, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02409-7">"Eat less meat: UN climate change report calls for change to human diet"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190923151432/https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02409-7">Archived</a> from the original on September 23, 2019. Retrieved August 9, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Eat+less+meat%3A+UN+climate+change+report+calls+for+change+to+human+diet&rft.date=2019-08-08&rft.aulast=Schiermeier&rft.aufirst=Quirin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fd41586-019-02409-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/af/article/9/1/69/5173494">"Livestock and climate change: impact of livestock on climate and mitigation strategies"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115175541/https://academic.oup.com/af/article/9/1/69/5173494">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-11-15. Retrieved 2020-11-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Livestock+and+climate+change%3A+impact+of+livestock+on+climate+and+mitigation+strategies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Faf%2Farticle%2F9%2F1%2F69%2F5173494&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drawdown.org/solutions/plant-rich-diets">"Plant-Rich Diet"</a>. Drawdown. 2023-11-17. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191120093426/https://www.drawdown.org/solutions/food/plant-rich-diet">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-11-20. Retrieved 2019-10-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Drawdown&rft.atitle=Plant-Rich+Diet&rft.date=2023-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdrawdown.org%2Fsolutions%2Fplant-rich-diets&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChodosh2018" class="citation web cs1">Chodosh, Sara (March 21, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.popsci.com/american-diet-food-emissions/">"One-fifth of Americans are responsible for half the country's food-based emissions"</a>. Popular Science. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200222124525/https://www.popsci.com/american-diet-food-emissions/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-02-22. Retrieved 2020-02-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Popular+Science&rft.atitle=One-fifth+of+Americans+are+responsible+for+half+the+country%27s+food-based+emissions&rft.date=2018-03-21&rft.aulast=Chodosh&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.popsci.com%2Famerican-diet-food-emissions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHellerWillits-SmithMeyerKeoleian2018" class="citation journal cs1">Heller, Martin C.; Willits-Smith, Amelia; Meyer, Robert; Keoleian, Gregory A.; Rose, Donald (March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5964346">"Greenhouse gas emissions and energy use associated with production of individual self-selected US diets"</a>. Environmental Research Letters. 13 (4): 044004. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ERL....13d4004H">2018ERL....13d4004H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Faab0ac">10.1088/1748-9326/aab0ac</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1748-9326">1748-9326</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5964346">5964346</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29853988">29853988</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Greenhouse+gas+emissions+and+energy+use+associated+with+production+of+individual+self-selected+US+diets&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=044004&rft.date=2018-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5964346%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018ERL....13d4004H&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29853988&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Faab0ac&rft.issn=1748-9326&rft.aulast=Heller&rft.aufirst=Martin+C.&rft.au=Willits-Smith%2C+Amelia&rft.au=Meyer%2C+Robert&rft.au=Keoleian%2C+Gregory+A.&rft.au=Rose%2C+Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5964346&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phys.org/news/2022-01-plant-based-diets-carbon-footprint-capture.html">"How plant-based diets not only reduce our carbon footprint, but also increase carbon capture"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Leiden_University" title="Leiden University">Leiden University</a>. Retrieved 14 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Leiden+University&rft.atitle=How+plant-based+diets+not+only+reduce+our+carbon+footprint%2C+but+also+increase+carbon+capture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphys.org%2Fnews%2F2022-01-plant-based-diets-carbon-footprint-capture.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSunSchererTukkerSpawn-Lee2022" class="citation journal cs1">Sun, Zhongxiao; Scherer, Laura; Tukker, Arnold; Spawn-Lee, Seth A.; Bruckner, Martin; Gibbs, Holly K.; Behrens, Paul (January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357723207">"Dietary change in high-income nations alone can lead to substantial double climate dividend"</a>. Nature Food. 3 (1): 29–37. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs43016-021-00431-5">10.1038/s43016-021-00431-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2662-1355">2662-1355</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37118487">37118487</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:245867412">245867412</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Food&rft.atitle=Dietary+change+in+high-income+nations+alone+can+lead+to+substantial+double+climate+dividend&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E29-%3C%2Fspan%3E37&rft.date=2022-01&rft.issn=2662-1355&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A245867412%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F37118487&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs43016-021-00431-5&rft.aulast=Sun&rft.aufirst=Zhongxiao&rft.au=Scherer%2C+Laura&rft.au=Tukker%2C+Arnold&rft.au=Spawn-Lee%2C+Seth+A.&rft.au=Bruckner%2C+Martin&rft.au=Gibbs%2C+Holly+K.&rft.au=Behrens%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F357723207&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1352-129"><a href="#cite_ref-:1352_129-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eib.org/en/surveys/climate-survey/5th-climate-survey/climate-impact-important-factor-for-jobseekers.htm">"2022-2023 EIB Climate Survey, part 2 of 2: Majority of young Europeans say the climate impact of prospective employers is an important factor when job hunting"</a>. EIB.org. Retrieved 2023-03-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EIB.org&rft.atitle=2022-2023+EIB+Climate+Survey%2C+part+2+of+2%3A+Majority+of+young+Europeans+say+the+climate+impact+of+prospective+employers+is+an+important+factor+when+job+hunting&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eib.org%2Fen%2Fsurveys%2Fclimate-survey%2F5th-climate-survey%2Fclimate-impact-important-factor-for-jobseekers.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarrington2023" class="citation news cs1">Carrington, Damian (20 July 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jul/20/vegan-diet-cuts-environmental-damage-climate-heating-emissions-study">"Vegan diet massively cuts environmental damage, study shows"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Retrieved 21 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Vegan+diet+massively+cuts+environmental+damage%2C+study+shows&rft.date=2023-07-20&rft.aulast=Carrington&rft.aufirst=Damian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2023%2Fjul%2F20%2Fvegan-diet-cuts-environmental-damage-climate-heating-emissions-study&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:52-131"><a href="#cite_ref-:52_131-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRitchieRosadoRoser2022" class="citation journal cs1">Ritchie, Hannah; Rosado, Pablo; Roser, Max (2022-12-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ourworldindata.org/environmental-impacts-of-food">"Environmental Impacts of Food Production"</a>. Our World in Data.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Our+World+in+Data&rft.atitle=Environmental+Impacts+of+Food+Production&rft.date=2022-12-02&rft.aulast=Ritchie&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft.au=Rosado%2C+Pablo&rft.au=Roser%2C+Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fourworldindata.org%2Fenvironmental-impacts-of-food&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRitchieRosadoRoser2022" class="citation journal cs1">Ritchie, Hannah; Rosado, Pablo; Roser, Max (2022-12-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ourworldindata.org/less-meat-or-sustainable-meat">"Less meat is nearly always better than sustainable meat, to reduce your carbon footprint"</a>. Our World in Data.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Our+World+in+Data&rft.atitle=Less+meat+is+nearly+always+better+than+sustainable+meat%2C+to+reduce+your+carbon+footprint&rft.date=2022-12-02&rft.aulast=Ritchie&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft.au=Rosado%2C+Pablo&rft.au=Roser%2C+Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fourworldindata.org%2Fless-meat-or-sustainable-meat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:35-133">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:35_133-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:35_133-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:35_133-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:35_133-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPooreNemecek2018" class="citation journal cs1">Poore, J.; Nemecek, T. (June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aaq0216">"Reducing food's environmental impacts through producers and consumers"</a>. Science. 360 (6392): 987–992. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.aaq0216">10.1126/science.aaq0216</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Reducing+food%E2%80%99s+environmental+impacts+through+producers+and+consumers&rft.volume=360&rft.issue=6392&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E987-%3C%2Fspan%3E992&rft.date=2018-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.aaq0216&rft.aulast=Poore&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Nemecek%2C+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.science.org%2Fdoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.aaq0216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cspinet.org/article/what-foods-create-most-least-greenhouse-gas-emissions">"What foods create the most & least greenhouse gas emissions?"</a>. Center for Science in the Public Interest. Retrieved 2025-01-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Center+for+Science+in+the+Public+Interest&rft.atitle=What+foods+create+the+most+%26+least+greenhouse+gas+emissions%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cspinet.org%2Farticle%2Fwhat-foods-create-most-least-greenhouse-gas-emissions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBulsonKontarAhnHicks2024" class="citation journal cs1">Bulson, Erin E.; Kontar, Wissam; Ahn, Soyoung; Hicks, Andrea (2024-05-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s44333-024-00003-7">"Reduced travel emissions through a carbon calculator with accessible environmental data: a case study in Madison, Wisconsin"</a>. npj Sustainable Mobility and Transport. 1 (1): 1–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs44333-024-00003-7">10.1038/s44333-024-00003-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/3004-8664">3004-8664</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=npj+Sustainable+Mobility+and+Transport&rft.atitle=Reduced+travel+emissions+through+a+carbon+calculator+with+accessible+environmental+data%3A+a+case+study+in+Madison%2C+Wisconsin&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.date=2024-05-22&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs44333-024-00003-7&rft.issn=3004-8664&rft.aulast=Bulson&rft.aufirst=Erin+E.&rft.au=Kontar%2C+Wissam&rft.au=Ahn%2C+Soyoung&rft.au=Hicks%2C+Andrea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs44333-024-00003-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalecek" class="citation web cs1">Malecek, Adam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://engineering.wisc.edu/news/a-more-digestible-co2-calculator-swaps-cheeseburgers-for-carbon/">"A more digestible CO2 calculator swaps cheeseburgers for carbon"</a>. College of Engineering - University of Wisconsin-Madison. Retrieved 2025-01-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=College+of+Engineering+-+University+of+Wisconsin-Madison&rft.atitle=A+more+digestible+CO2+calculator+swaps+cheeseburgers+for+carbon&rft.aulast=Malecek&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fengineering.wisc.edu%2Fnews%2Fa-more-digestible-co2-calculator-swaps-cheeseburgers-for-carbon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.openthefuture.com/cheeseburger_CF.html">"The Cheeseburger Footprint"</a>. www.openthefuture.com. Retrieved 2025-01-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.openthefuture.com&rft.atitle=The+Cheeseburger+Footprint&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.openthefuture.com%2Fcheeseburger_CF.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ias.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/People-Planet-or-Profit-alcohols-impact-on-a-sustainable-future-IAS.pdf">"People, Planet, or Profit: alcohol's impact on a sustainable future"</a> (PDF). Retrieved 2025-02-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=People%2C+Planet%2C+or+Profit%3A+alcohol%E2%80%99s+impact+on+a+sustainable+future&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ias.org.uk%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F11%2FPeople-Planet-or-Profit-alcohols-impact-on-a-sustainable-future-IAS.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCookCritchlowO’DonnellMacLean2024" class="citation journal cs1">Cook, Megan; Critchlow, Nathan; O’Donnell, Rachel; MacLean, Sarah (2024-02-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/heapro/article/39/1/daae004/7596649">"Alcohol's contribution to climate change and other environmental degradation: a call for research"</a>. Health Promotion International. 39 (1): daae004. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fheapro%2Fdaae004">10.1093/heapro/daae004</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0957-4824">0957-4824</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+Promotion+International&rft.atitle=Alcohol%E2%80%99s+contribution+to+climate+change+and+other+environmental+degradation%3A+a+call+for+research&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=daae004&rft.date=2024-02-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fheapro%2Fdaae004&rft.issn=0957-4824&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Megan&rft.au=Critchlow%2C+Nathan&rft.au=O%E2%80%99Donnell%2C+Rachel&rft.au=MacLean%2C+Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fheapro%2Farticle%2F39%2F1%2Fdaae004%2F7596649&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarruthers2021" class="citation web cs1">Carruthers, Nicola (2021-10-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thespiritsbusiness.com/2021/10/spirits-packaging-innovation-making-the-industry-more-sustainable/">"Packaging innovation: making spirits more sustainable"</a>. The Spirits Business. Retrieved 2025-02-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Spirits+Business&rft.atitle=Packaging+innovation%3A+making+spirits+more+sustainable&rft.date=2021-10-26&rft.aulast=Carruthers&rft.aufirst=Nicola&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thespiritsbusiness.com%2F2021%2F10%2Fspirits-packaging-innovation-making-the-industry-more-sustainable%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tabledebates.org/sites/default/files/2020-10/ALCOHOL%20final%20version%20TG%20feb%202007.pdf">"The Alcohol We Drink and Its Contribution to the UK's Greenhouse Gas Emissions"</a> (PDF). Retrieved 2025-02-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Alcohol+We+Drink+and+Its+Contribution+to+the+UK%E2%80%99s+Greenhouse+Gas+Emissions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftabledebates.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2020-10%2FALCOHOL%2520final%2520version%2520TG%2520feb%25202007.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVegan2023" class="citation web cs1">Vegan, Celebr8 (2023-04-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/@celebr8vegan/alcohol-production-and-green-house-gas-emissions-bde00562988b">"Alcohol Production and Green House Gas Emissions"</a>. Medium. Retrieved 2025-02-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Medium&rft.atitle=Alcohol+Production+and+Green+House+Gas+Emissions&rft.date=2023-04-29&rft.aulast=Vegan&rft.aufirst=Celebr8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2F%40celebr8vegan%2Falcohol-production-and-green-house-gas-emissions-bde00562988b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRail2024" class="citation web cs1">Rail, Evan (2024-06-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vinepair.com/articles/carbon-problem-drinks-industry-solution/">"The Drinks Industry Has a Huge Carbon Footprint. There Are Solutions"</a>. VinePair. Retrieved 2025-02-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VinePair&rft.atitle=The+Drinks+Industry+Has+a+Huge+Carbon+Footprint.+There+Are+Solutions.&rft.date=2024-06-05&rft.aulast=Rail&rft.aufirst=Evan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvinepair.com%2Farticles%2Fcarbon-problem-drinks-industry-solution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blueland.com/articles/alcohols-impact-on-the-environment">"Alcohol's Impact On the Environment | Blueland"</a>. Blueland. Retrieved 2025-02-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Blueland&rft.atitle=Alcohol%E2%80%99s+Impact+On+the+Environment+%7C+Blueland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blueland.com%2Farticles%2Falcohols-impact-on-the-environment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mos.org/events/sustainable-brew-how-alcohol-industry-impacts-climate-change">"Sustainable Brew: How the Alcohol Industry Impacts Climate Change | Museum of Science"</a>. www.mos.org. Retrieved 2025-02-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mos.org&rft.atitle=Sustainable+Brew%3A+How+the+Alcohol+Industry+Impacts+Climate+Change+%7C+Museum+of+Science&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mos.org%2Fevents%2Fsustainable-brew-how-alcohol-industry-impacts-climate-change&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFlesliebarland2024" class="citation web cs1">lesliebarland (2024-01-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bridgingthegap.org/alcohol-climate/">"Alcohol & Climate"</a>. Bridging the Gap. Retrieved 2025-02-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bridging+the+Gap&rft.atitle=Alcohol+%26+Climate&rft.date=2024-01-25&rft.au=lesliebarland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbridgingthegap.org%2Falcohol-climate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://movingspirits.eu/blog/sustainability-and-environment-in-the-alcohol-industry/">"Sustainability and Environment in the Alcohol Industry | Moving Spirits"</a>. 2023-06-14. Retrieved 2025-02-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sustainability+and+Environment+in+the+Alcohol+Industry+%7C+Moving+Spirits&rft.date=2023-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmovingspirits.eu%2Fblog%2Fsustainability-and-environment-in-the-alcohol-industry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKilgore2023" class="citation web cs1">Kilgore, Georgette (2023-01-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://8billiontrees.com/carbon-offsets-credits/carbon-ecological-footprint-calculators/carbon-footprint-of-wine/">"Carbon Footprint of Wine (Bottle) vs Beer and 13 More Liquor Types"</a>. 8 Billion Trees: Carbon Offset Projects & Ecological Footprint Calculators. Retrieved 2025-02-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=8+Billion+Trees%3A+Carbon+Offset+Projects+%26+Ecological+Footprint+Calculators&rft.atitle=Carbon+Footprint+of+Wine+%28Bottle%29+vs+Beer+and+13+More+Liquor+Types&rft.date=2023-01-25&rft.aulast=Kilgore&rft.aufirst=Georgette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F8billiontrees.com%2Fcarbon-offsets-credits%2Fcarbon-ecological-footprint-calculators%2Fcarbon-footprint-of-wine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/185946/how-green-your-beer/">"How green is your beer? | Imperial News | Imperial College London"</a>. Imperial News. 2018-04-26. Retrieved 2025-02-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imperial+News&rft.atitle=How+green+is+your+beer%3F+%7C+Imperial+News+%7C+Imperial+College+London&rft.date=2018-04-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperial.ac.uk%2Fnews%2F185946%2Fhow-green-your-beer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oregon.gov/deq/FilterDocs/PEF-Beer-FullReport.pdf?">"Food Product Environmental Footprint Literature Summary: Beer"</a> (PDF). Retrieved 2025-02-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Food+Product+Environmental+Footprint+Literature+Summary%3A+Beer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregon.gov%2Fdeq%2FFilterDocs%2FPEF-Beer-FullReport.pdf%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCiminiMoresi2016" class="citation journal cs1">Cimini, Alessio; Moresi, Mauro (2016-01-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959652615007933?via=ihub">"Carbon footprint of a pale lager packed in different formats: assessment and sensitivity analysis based on transparent data"</a>. Journal of Cleaner Production. 112: 4196–4213. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jclepro.2015.06.063">10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.06.063</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0959-6526">0959-6526</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cleaner+Production&rft.atitle=Carbon+footprint+of+a+pale+lager+packed+in+different+formats%3A+assessment+and+sensitivity+analysis+based+on+transparent+data&rft.volume=112&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E4196-%3C%2Fspan%3E4213&rft.date=2016-01-20&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jclepro.2015.06.063&rft.issn=0959-6526&rft.aulast=Cimini&rft.aufirst=Alessio&rft.au=Moresi%2C+Mauro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fpii%2FS0959652615007933%3Fvia%3Dihub&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://beerandbrewing.com/dictionary/U6QcLmncMP/">"The Oxford Companion to Beer Definition of light beer,"</a>. Craft Beer & Brewing. Retrieved 2025-02-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Craft+Beer+%26+Brewing&rft.atitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Beer+Definition+of+light+beer%2C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbeerandbrewing.com%2Fdictionary%2FU6QcLmncMP%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.craftmasterstainless.com/blog/the-step-by-step-process-of-non-alcoholic-beer-brewing">"The Step-by-Step Process of Non-Alcoholic Beer Brewing"</a>. CRAFTMASTER STAINLESS. 2023-12-18. Retrieved 2025-02-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CRAFTMASTER+STAINLESS&rft.atitle=The+Step-by-Step+Process+of+Non-Alcoholic+Beer+Brewing&rft.date=2023-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.craftmasterstainless.com%2Fblog%2Fthe-step-by-step-process-of-non-alcoholic-beer-brewing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSohrabvandiMousaviRazaviMortazavian2010" class="citation journal cs1">Sohrabvandi, S.; Mousavi, S.M.; Razavi, S.H.; Mortazavian, A.M.; Rezaei, K. (2010-09-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/87559129.2010.496022">"Alcohol-free Beer: Methods of Production, Sensorial Defects, and Healthful Effects"</a>. Food Reviews International. 26 (4): 335–352. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F87559129.2010.496022">10.1080/87559129.2010.496022</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/8755-9129">8755-9129</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Reviews+International&rft.atitle=Alcohol-free+Beer%3A+Methods+of+Production%2C+Sensorial+Defects%2C+and+Healthful+Effects&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E335-%3C%2Fspan%3E352&rft.date=2010-09-30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F87559129.2010.496022&rft.issn=8755-9129&rft.aulast=Sohrabvandi&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Mousavi%2C+S.M.&rft.au=Razavi%2C+S.H.&rft.au=Mortazavian%2C+A.M.&rft.au=Rezaei%2C+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F87559129.2010.496022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lightdrinks.co.uk/blogs/latest/sustainability-alcohol-free-beer?srsltid=AfmBOop4EH2DIv1NMn8UdrZfWAetephN8VF8Gu9VcbE6L--OUp4yuDYv">"Alcohol Free Beer & Sustainability"</a>. LightDrinks. 2023-01-06. Retrieved 2025-02-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LightDrinks&rft.atitle=Alcohol+Free+Beer+%26+Sustainability&rft.date=2023-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lightdrinks.co.uk%2Fblogs%2Flatest%2Fsustainability-alcohol-free-beer%3Fsrsltid%3DAfmBOop4EH2DIv1NMn8UdrZfWAetephN8VF8Gu9VcbE6L--OUp4yuDYv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYabaci_KaraoglanJungGauthierKinčl2022" class="citation journal cs1">Yabaci Karaoglan, Selin; Jung, Rudolf; Gauthier, Matthew; Kinčl, Tomáš; Dostálek, Pavel (June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/8/6/273">"Maltose-Negative Yeast in Non-Alcoholic and Low-Alcoholic Beer Production"</a>. Fermentation. 8 (6): 273. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Ffermentation8060273">10.3390/fermentation8060273</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2311-5637">2311-5637</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fermentation&rft.atitle=Maltose-Negative+Yeast+in+Non-Alcoholic+and+Low-Alcoholic+Beer+Production&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=273&rft.date=2022-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Ffermentation8060273&rft.issn=2311-5637&rft.aulast=Yabaci+Karaoglan&rft.aufirst=Selin&rft.au=Jung%2C+Rudolf&rft.au=Gauthier%2C+Matthew&rft.au=Kin%C4%8Dl%2C+Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1&rft.au=Dost%C3%A1lek%2C+Pavel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%2F2311-5637%2F8%2F6%2F273&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gusmerenterprises.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Reducing-Carbon-Footprint-and-water-consumption-in-alcohol-free-beer-production.pdf">"Reducing Carbon Footprint and Water Consumption in Alcohol-Free Beer Production: Comparing Maltose- and Crabtree-Negative Yeast to Thermal Dealcoholization"</a> (PDF). Retrieved 2025-02-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reducing+Carbon+Footprint+and+Water+Consumption+in+Alcohol-Free+Beer+Production%3A+Comparing+Maltose-+and+Crabtree-Negative+Yeast+to+Thermal+Dealcoholization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gusmerenterprises.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F02%2FReducing-Carbon-Footprint-and-water-consumption-in-alcohol-free-beer-production.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbinandanPraveenVenkateswarluMegharaj2024" class="citation journal cs1">Abinandan, Sudharsanam; Praveen, Kuppan; Venkateswarlu, Kadiyala; Megharaj, Mallavarapu (2024-10-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01766-0">"Eco-innovation minimizes the carbon footprint of wine production"</a>. Communications Earth & Environment. 5 (1): 1–12. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs43247-024-01766-0">10.1038/s43247-024-01766-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2662-4435">2662-4435</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+Earth+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Eco-innovation+minimizes+the+carbon+footprint+of+wine+production&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E12&rft.date=2024-10-24&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs43247-024-01766-0&rft.issn=2662-4435&rft.aulast=Abinandan&rft.aufirst=Sudharsanam&rft.au=Praveen%2C+Kuppan&rft.au=Venkateswarlu%2C+Kadiyala&rft.au=Megharaj%2C+Mallavarapu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs43247-024-01766-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLink2023" class="citation web cs1">Link, Kristen (2023-11-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foodprint.org/blog/wine-packaging/">"Lowering wine's carbon footprint starts with the bottle"</a>. FoodPrint. Retrieved 2025-02-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FoodPrint&rft.atitle=Lowering+wine%E2%80%99s+carbon+footprint+starts+with+the+bottle&rft.date=2023-11-14&rft.aulast=Link&rft.aufirst=Kristen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffoodprint.org%2Fblog%2Fwine-packaging%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://greenly.earth/en-us/blog/ecology-news/what-is-the-carbon-footprint-of-the-wine-industry">"What is the Carbon Footprint of the Wine Industry?"</a>. greenly.earth. Retrieved 2025-02-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=greenly.earth&rft.atitle=What+is+the+Carbon+Footprint+of+the+Wine+Industry%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgreenly.earth%2Fen-us%2Fblog%2Fecology-news%2Fwhat-is-the-carbon-footprint-of-the-wine-industry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinto_da_SilvaEsteves_da_Silva2022" class="citation journal cs1">Pinto da Silva, Luís; Esteves da Silva, Joaquim C. G. (2022-08-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772801322000173/">"Evaluation of the carbon footprint of the life cycle of wine production: A review"</a>. Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy. 2: 100021. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.clcb.2022.100021">10.1016/j.clcb.2022.100021</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10216%2F143656">10216/143656</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2772-8013">2772-8013</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cleaner+and+Circular+Bioeconomy&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+carbon+footprint+of+the+life+cycle+of+wine+production%3A+A+review&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=100021&rft.date=2022-08-01&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10216%2F143656&rft.issn=2772-8013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.clcb.2022.100021&rft.aulast=Pinto+da+Silva&rft.aufirst=Lu%C3%ADs&rft.au=Esteves+da+Silva%2C+Joaquim+C.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS2772801322000173%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenedetto2013" class="citation journal cs1">Benedetto, Graziella (2013-06-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212977413000227">"The environmental impact of a Sardinian wine by partial Life Cycle Assessment"</a>. Wine Economics and Policy. 2 (1): 33–41. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.wep.2013.05.003">10.1016/j.wep.2013.05.003</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10419%2F194467">10419/194467</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2212-9774">2212-9774</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wine+Economics+and+Policy&rft.atitle=The+environmental+impact+of+a+Sardinian+wine+by+partial+Life+Cycle+Assessment&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E33-%3C%2Fspan%3E41&rft.date=2013-06-01&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10419%2F194467&rft.issn=2212-9774&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.wep.2013.05.003&rft.aulast=Benedetto&rft.aufirst=Graziella&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS2212977413000227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsalidisKryonaTsirliganis2022" class="citation journal cs1">Tsalidis, Georgios Archimidis; Kryona, Zoi-Panagiota; Tsirliganis, Nestor (2022-09-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666916122000214#">"Selecting south European wine based on carbon footprint"</a>. Resources, Environment and Sustainability. 9: 100066. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.resenv.2022.100066">10.1016/j.resenv.2022.100066</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2666-9161">2666-9161</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Resources%2C+Environment+and+Sustainability&rft.atitle=Selecting+south+European+wine+based+on+carbon+footprint&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=100066&rft.date=2022-09-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.resenv.2022.100066&rft.issn=2666-9161&rft.aulast=Tsalidis&rft.aufirst=Georgios+Archimidis&rft.au=Kryona%2C+Zoi-Panagiota&rft.au=Tsirliganis%2C+Nestor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS2666916122000214%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bieroundtable.com/wp-content/uploads/49d7a0_7643fd3fae5d4daf939cd5373389e4e0.pdf">"Research on the Carbon Footprint of Spirits"</a> (PDF). Retrieved 2025-02-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Research+on+the+Carbon+Footprint+of+Spirits&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bieroundtable.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F49d7a0_7643fd3fae5d4daf939cd5373389e4e0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20241212-whats-the-lowest-carbon-alcohol">"What's the lowest carbon alcohol?"</a>. www.bbc.com. 2024-12-13. Retrieved 2025-02-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.com&rft.atitle=What%27s+the+lowest+carbon+alcohol%3F&rft.date=2024-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Ffuture%2Farticle%2F20241212-whats-the-lowest-carbon-alcohol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaubichler2022" class="citation news cs1">Laubichler, Manfred (November 3, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/8-billion-humans-how-population-growth-and-climate-change-are-connected-as-the-anthropocene-engine-transforms-the-planet-193075">"8 billion humans: How population growth and climate change are connected as the 'Anthropocene engine' transforms the planet"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Conversation_(website)" title="The Conversation (website)">The Conversation</a>. Retrieved November 5, 2022. <q>The more people we have on this planet, the larger their collective impact on the climate</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=8+billion+humans%3A+How+population+growth+and+climate+change+are+connected+as+the+%27Anthropocene+engine%27+transforms+the+planet&rft.date=2022-11-03&rft.aulast=Laubichler&rft.aufirst=Manfred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2F8-billion-humans-how-population-growth-and-climate-change-are-connected-as-the-anthropocene-engine-transforms-the-planet-193075&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wynes-Nicholas-2017-167">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wynes-Nicholas-2017_167-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wynes-Nicholas-2017_167-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wynes-Nicholas-2017_167-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWynesNicholas2017" class="citation journal cs1">Wynes, Seth; Nicholas, Kimberly A (12 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Faa7541">"The climate mitigation gap: education and government recommendations miss the most effective individual actions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Environmental_Research_Letters" title="Environmental Research Letters">Environmental Research Letters</a>. 12 (7): 074024. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ERL....12g4024W">2017ERL....12g4024W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Faa7541">10.1088/1748-9326/aa7541</a>. <q>We recommend four widely applicable high-impact (i.e. low emissions) actions with the potential to contribute to systemic change and substantially reduce annual personal emissions: having one fewer child (an average for developed countries of 58.6 <a href="/wiki/Tonnes" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonnes">tonnes</a> CO2-equivalent (t<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">CO2e) emission reductions per year), living car-free (2.4 t<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">CO2e saved per year), avoiding airplane travel (1.6 t<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">CO2e saved per roundtrip <a href="/wiki/Transatlantic_flight" title="Transatlantic flight">transatlantic flight</a>) and eating a plant-based diet (0.8 t<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">CO2e saved per year). These actions have much greater potential to reduce emissions than commonly promoted strategies like comprehensive recycling (four times less effective than a plant-based diet) or changing household lightbulbs (eight times less).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=The+climate+mitigation+gap%3A+education+and+government+recommendations+miss+the+most+effective+individual+actions&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=074024&rft.date=2017-07-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Faa7541&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017ERL....12g4024W&rft.aulast=Wynes&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft.au=Nicholas%2C+Kimberly+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1088%252F1748-9326%252Faa7541&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarrington2017" class="citation news cs1">Carrington, Damian (12 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jul/12/want-to-fight-climate-change-have-fewer-children">"Want to fight climate change? Have fewer children"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Retrieved 22 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Want+to+fight+climate+change%3F+Have+fewer+children&rft.date=2017-07-12&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Carrington&rft.aufirst=Damian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2017%2Fjul%2F12%2Fwant-to-fight-climate-change-have-fewer-children&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrews2018" class="citation news cs1">Andrews, Robin George (2018-10-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/story/to-stop-climate-change-educate-girls-and-give-them-birth-control/">"Want to Stop Climate Change? Educate Girls and Give Them Birth Control"</a>. Wired. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1059-1028">1059-1028</a>. Retrieved 2021-11-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Want+to+Stop+Climate+Change%3F+Educate+Girls+and+Give+Them+Birth+Control&rft.date=2018-10-02&rft.issn=1059-1028&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.aufirst=Robin+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fstory%2Fto-stop-climate-change-educate-girls-and-give-them-birth-control%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/315/7120/1441">To the point of farce: a martian view of the hardinian taboo—the silence that surrounds population control</a> Maurice King, Charles Elliott BMJ </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConly2016" class="citation book cs1">Conly, Sarah (2016). One child : do we have a right to more?. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-020343-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-020343-6"><bdi>978-0-19-020343-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=One+child+%3A+do+we+have+a+right+to+more%3F&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-19-020343-6&rft.aulast=Conly&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/bioethicist-the-climate-crisis-calls-for-fewer-children-65014">"Bioethicist: The climate crisis calls for fewer children"</a>. 12 September 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190520001023/http://theconversation.com/bioethicist-the-climate-crisis-calls-for-fewer-children-65014">Archived</a> from the original on 20 May 2019. Retrieved 21 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bioethicist%3A+The+climate+crisis+calls+for+fewer+children&rft.date=2016-09-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fbioethicist-the-climate-crisis-calls-for-fewer-children-65014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/2019/3/11/18256166/climate-change-having-kids">"We need to talk about the ethics of having children in a warming world"</a>. 11 March 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191021214923/https://www.vox.com/2019/3/11/18256166/climate-change-having-kids">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2019. Retrieved 21 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=We+need+to+talk+about+the+ethics+of+having+children+in+a+warming+world&rft.date=2019-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F2019%2F3%2F11%2F18256166%2Fclimate-change-having-kids&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Perkins2017-174">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Perkins2017_174-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perkins2017_174-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perkins2017_174-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerkins2017" class="citation news cs1">Perkins, Sid (July 11, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.org/content/article/best-way-reduce-your-carbon-footprint-one-government-isn-t-telling-you-about">"The best way to reduce your carbon footprint is one the government isn't telling you about"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201030527/http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/07/best-way-reduce-your-carbon-footprint-one-government-isn-t-telling-you-about">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=The+best+way+to+reduce+your+carbon+footprint+is+one+the+government+isn%27t+telling+you+about&rft.date=2017-07-11&rft.aulast=Perkins&rft.aufirst=Sid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.science.org%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2Fbest-way-reduce-your-carbon-footprint-one-government-isn-t-telling-you-about&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jul/12/want-to-fight-climate-change-have-fewer-children">"Want to fight climate change? Have fewer children"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TheGuardian.com" class="mw-redirect" title="TheGuardian.com">TheGuardian.com</a>. 12 July 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191106144911/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jul/12/want-to-fight-climate-change-have-fewer-children">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2019. Retrieved 21 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheGuardian.com&rft.atitle=Want+to+fight+climate+change%3F+Have+fewer+children&rft.date=2017-07-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2017%2Fjul%2F12%2Fwant-to-fight-climate-change-have-fewer-children&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://populationmatters.org/the-facts/climate-change">"Population Matters: Climate change"</a>. 16 October 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190515022550/http://populationmatters.org/the-facts/climate-change">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2019. Retrieved 21 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+Matters%3A+Climate+change&rft.date=2018-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpopulationmatters.org%2Fthe-facts%2Fclimate-change&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBawden2019" class="citation news cs1">Bawden, Tom (April 26, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inews.co.uk/news/environment/save-the-planet-by-having-fewer-children-says-environmentalist-sir-jonathan-porritt/">"Save the planet by having fewer children, says environmentalist Sir Jonathan Porritt"</a>. <a href="/wiki/I_(British_newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="I (British newspaper)">i</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190719074242/https://inews.co.uk/news/environment/save-the-planet-by-having-fewer-children-says-environmentalist-sir-jonathan-porritt/">Archived</a> from the original on July 19, 2019. Retrieved April 26, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=i&rft.atitle=Save+the+planet+by+having+fewer+children%2C+says+environmentalist+Sir+Jonathan+Porritt&rft.date=2019-04-26&rft.aulast=Bawden&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finews.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fenvironment%2Fsave-the-planet-by-having-fewer-children-says-environmentalist-sir-jonathan-porritt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchneider-Mayerson2021" class="citation journal cs1">Schneider-Mayerson, Matthew (2021-03-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2021.1902700">"The environmental politics of reproductive choices in the age of climate change"</a>. Environmental Politics. 31: 152–172. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09644016.2021.1902700">10.1080/09644016.2021.1902700</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0964-4016">0964-4016</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:233666068">233666068</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Politics&rft.atitle=The+environmental+politics+of+reproductive+choices+in+the+age+of+climate+change&rft.volume=31&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E152-%3C%2Fspan%3E172&rft.date=2021-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A233666068%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0964-4016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09644016.2021.1902700&rft.aulast=Schneider-Mayerson&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%2F09644016.2021.1902700&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drawdown.org/solutions/women-and-girls/family-planning">"Family Planning"</a>. Drawdown. 2017-02-07. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190831111302/https://www.drawdown.org/solutions/women-and-girls/family-planning">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-08-31. Retrieved 2019-10-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Drawdown&rft.atitle=Family+Planning&rft.date=2017-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drawdown.org%2Fsolutions%2Fwomen-and-girls%2Ffamily-planning&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drawdown.org/solutions/women-and-girls/educating-girls">"Educating Girls"</a>. Drawdown. 2017-02-07. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191014145620/https://www.drawdown.org/solutions/women-and-girls/educating-girls">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-10-14. Retrieved 2019-10-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Drawdown&rft.atitle=Educating+Girls&rft.date=2017-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drawdown.org%2Fsolutions%2Fwomen-and-girls%2Feducating-girls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRippleWolfNewsomeBarnard2019" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_J._Ripple" title="William J. Ripple">Ripple, William J.</a>; Wolf, Christopher; Newsome, Thomas M; Barnard, Phoebe; Moomaw, William R (November 5, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/advance-article/doi/10.1093/biosci/biz088/5610806">"World Scientists' Warning of a Climate Emergency"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BioScience" title="BioScience">BioScience</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fbiosci%2Fbiz088">10.1093/biosci/biz088</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1808%2F30278">1808/30278</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200103103553/https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/advance-article/doi/10.1093/biosci/biz088/5610806">Archived</a> from the original on January 3, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioScience&rft.atitle=World+Scientists%27+Warning+of+a+Climate+Emergency&rft.date=2019-11-05&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1808%2F30278&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fbiosci%2Fbiz088&rft.aulast=Ripple&rft.aufirst=William+J.&rft.au=Wolf%2C+Christopher&rft.au=Newsome%2C+Thomas+M&rft.au=Barnard%2C+Phoebe&rft.au=Moomaw%2C+William+R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fbioscience%2Fadvance-article%2Fdoi%2F10.1093%2Fbiosci%2Fbiz088%2F5610806&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarrington2019" class="citation news cs1">Carrington, Damian (November 5, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/nov/05/climate-crisis-11000-scientists-warn-of-untold-suffering">"Climate crisis: 11,000 scientists warn of 'untold suffering'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200114130151/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/nov/05/climate-crisis-11000-scientists-warn-of-untold-suffering">Archived</a> from the original on January 14, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Climate+crisis%3A+11%2C000+scientists+warn+of+%27untold+suffering%27&rft.date=2019-11-05&rft.aulast=Carrington&rft.aufirst=Damian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2019%2Fnov%2F05%2Fclimate-crisis-11000-scientists-warn-of-untold-suffering&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Population-183">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Population_183-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Population_183-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolfRippleCrist2021" class="citation journal cs1">Wolf, C.; Ripple, W.J.; Crist, E. (2021). "Human population, social justice, and climate policy". Sustainability Science. 16 (5): 1753–1756. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021SuSc...16.1753W">2021SuSc...16.1753W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11625-021-00951-w">10.1007/s11625-021-00951-w</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:233404010">233404010</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sustainability+Science&rft.atitle=Human+population%2C+social+justice%2C+and+climate+policy&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1753-%3C%2Fspan%3E1756&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A233404010%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11625-021-00951-w&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021SuSc...16.1753W&rft.aulast=Wolf&rft.aufirst=C.&rft.au=Ripple%2C+W.J.&rft.au=Crist%2C+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phys.org/news/2021-04-socially-population-policies-mitigate-climate.html">"Socially just population policies can mitigate climate change and advance global equity"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Phys.org" title="Phys.org">Phys.org</a>. April 28, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Phys.org&rft.atitle=Socially+just+population+policies+can+mitigate+climate+change+and+advance+global+equity&rft.date=2021-04-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphys.org%2Fnews%2F2021-04-socially-population-policies-mitigate-climate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-popwarn-185"><a href="#cite_ref-popwarn_185-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCristRippleEhrlichRees2022" class="citation journal cs1">Crist, Eileen; Ripple, William J.; <a href="/wiki/Paul_R._Ehrlich" title="Paul R. Ehrlich">Ehrlich, Paul R.</a>; <a href="/wiki/William_E._Rees" title="William E. Rees">Rees, William E.</a>; Wolf, Christopher (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scientistswarning.forestry.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/Crist2022.pdf">"Scientists' warning on population"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Science_of_the_Total_Environment" title="Science of the Total Environment">Science of the Total Environment</a>. 845: 157166. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2022.157166">10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157166</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35803428">35803428</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:250387801">250387801</a>. <q>Our first action call is a direct, global appeal to all women and men to choose none or at most one child. Individuals, especially if they aspire to large families, may pursue adoption, which is a desirable and compassionate choice for children who are here and need to be cared for.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.atitle=Scientists%27+warning+on+population&rft.volume=845&rft.pages=157166&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A250387801%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35803428&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2022.157166&rft.aulast=Crist&rft.aufirst=Eileen&rft.au=Ripple%2C+William+J.&rft.au=Ehrlich%2C+Paul+R.&rft.au=Rees%2C+William+E.&rft.au=Wolf%2C+Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscientistswarning.forestry.oregonstate.edu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FCrist2022.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2022/12/02/climate-kids/">"Analysis | Should you not have kids because of climate change? It's complicated"</a>. Washington Post. 2022-12-02. Retrieved 2023-06-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Analysis+%7C+Should+you+not+have+kids+because+of+climate+change%3F+It%27s+complicated.&rft.date=2022-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fclimate-environment%2F2022%2F12%2F02%2Fclimate-kids%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZee2024" class="citation news cs1">Zee, Bibi van der (2024-01-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2024/jan/04/not-the-end-of-the-world-by-hannah-ritchie-review-an-optimists-guide-to-the-climate-crisis">"Not the End of the World by Hannah Ritchie review – an optimist's guide to the climate crisis"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Retrieved 2024-01-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Not+the+End+of+the+World+by+Hannah+Ritchie+review+%E2%80%93+an+optimist%27s+guide+to+the+climate+crisis&rft.date=2024-01-04&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Zee&rft.aufirst=Bibi+van+der&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2024%2Fjan%2F04%2Fnot-the-end-of-the-world-by-hannah-ritchie-review-an-optimists-guide-to-the-climate-crisis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.un.org/en/story/2021/11/1104812">"COP26: 'Not blah blah blah', UN Special Envoy Carney presents watershed private sector commitment for climate finance"</a>. UN News. 2021-11-03. Retrieved 2021-11-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UN+News&rft.atitle=COP26%3A+%27Not+blah+blah+blah%27%2C+UN+Special+Envoy+Carney+presents+watershed+private+sector+commitment+for+climate+finance&rft.date=2021-11-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.un.org%2Fen%2Fstory%2F2021%2F11%2F1104812&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.positive.news/environment/what-can-i-do-about-climate-change-how-to-lower-your-carbon-footprint/">"What can I do about climate change? How to shrink your carbon footprint"</a>. Positive News. 2021-08-10. Retrieved 2021-08-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Positive+News&rft.atitle=What+can+I+do+about+climate+change%3F+How+to+shrink+your+carbon+footprint&rft.date=2021-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.positive.news%2Fenvironment%2Fwhat-can-i-do-about-climate-change-how-to-lower-your-carbon-footprint%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.founderspledge.com/research/climate-and-lifestyle-report">"Climate & lifestyle report"</a>. www.founderspledge.com. Retrieved 2024-08-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.founderspledge.com&rft.atitle=Climate+%26+lifestyle+report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.founderspledge.com%2Fresearch%2Fclimate-and-lifestyle-report&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.investopedia.com/tech/whats-environmental-impact-cryptocurrency/">"What's the Environmental Impact of Cryptocurrency?"</a>. Investopedia. Retrieved 2021-12-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Investopedia&rft.atitle=What%27s+the+Environmental+Impact+of+Cryptocurrency%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.investopedia.com%2Ftech%2Fwhats-environmental-impact-cryptocurrency%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.argusmedia.com/en/news/2261931-bitcoin-miners-help-us-oil-producers-cut-flaring">"Bitcoin miners help US oil producers cut flaring"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Argus_Media" title="Argus Media">Argus Media</a>. 2021-10-08. Retrieved 2022-01-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Argus+Media&rft.atitle=Bitcoin+miners+help+US+oil+producers+cut+flaring&rft.date=2021-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.argusmedia.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2F2261931-bitcoin-miners-help-us-oil-producers-cut-flaring&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/bitcoin-emits-as-much-carbon-as-las-vegas-researchers-say/">"Bitcoin emits as much carbon as Las Vegas, researchers say"</a>. CBS News. 13 June 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200221110554/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/bitcoin-emits-as-much-carbon-as-las-vegas-researchers-say/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-02-21. Retrieved 2019-12-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Bitcoin+emits+as+much+carbon+as+Las+Vegas%2C+researchers+say&rft.date=2019-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fbitcoin-emits-as-much-carbon-as-las-vegas-researchers-say%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_VriesStoll2021" class="citation journal cs1">de Vries, Alex; Stoll, Christian (2021-12-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921344921005103">"Bitcoin's growing e-waste problem"</a>. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 175: 105901. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021RCR...17505901D">2021RCR...17505901D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.resconrec.2021.105901">10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105901</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0921-3449">0921-3449</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:240585651">240585651</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Resources%2C+Conservation+and+Recycling&rft.atitle=Bitcoin%27s+growing+e-waste+problem&rft.volume=175&rft.pages=105901&rft.date=2021-12-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.resconrec.2021.105901&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A240585651%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0921-3449&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021RCR...17505901D&rft.aulast=de+Vries&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft.au=Stoll%2C+Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0921344921005103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zumo.money/decarbonising/">"Decarbonising Crypto"</a>. Zumo. Retrieved 2021-11-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zumo&rft.atitle=Decarbonising+Crypto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzumo.money%2Fdecarbonising%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStern2019" class="citation news cs1">Stern, Stefan (June 21, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/jun/21/climate-emergency-citizens-assemblies-public-politics">"Politicians must find solutions for the climate crisis. Not outsource it to us"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191116003652/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/jun/21/climate-emergency-citizens-assemblies-public-politics">Archived</a> from the original on November 16, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Politicians+must+find+solutions+for+the+climate+crisis.+Not+outsource+it+to+us&rft.date=2019-06-21&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2019%2Fjun%2F21%2Fclimate-emergency-citizens-assemblies-public-politics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGabbatiss2019" class="citation news cs1">Gabbatiss, Josh (January 4, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/meat-tax-caroline-lucas-climate-change-agriculture-beef-vegetarian-vegan-oxford-farming-conference-a8711416.html">"Government must consider meat tax to tackle climate change, says Caroline Lucas"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190713023114/https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/meat-tax-caroline-lucas-climate-change-agriculture-beef-vegetarian-vegan-oxford-farming-conference-a8711416.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 13, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Government+must+consider+meat+tax+to+tackle+climate+change%2C+says+Caroline+Lucas&rft.date=2019-01-04&rft.aulast=Gabbatiss&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fenvironment%2Fmeat-tax-caroline-lucas-climate-change-agriculture-beef-vegetarian-vegan-oxford-farming-conference-a8711416.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrfan2019" class="citation news cs1">Irfan, Umair (May 17, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/2019/5/17/18624740/fossil-fuel-subsidies-climate-imf">"whopping $5.2 trillion: We can't take on climate change without properly pricing coal, oil, and natural gas. But it's a huge political challenge"</a>. Vox. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191109074848/https://www.vox.com/2019/5/17/18624740/fossil-fuel-subsidies-climate-imf">Archived</a> from the original on November 9, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=whopping+%245.2+trillion%3A+We+can%27t+take+on+climate+change+without+properly+pricing+coal%2C+oil%2C+and+natural+gas.+But+it%27s+a+huge+political+challenge.&rft.date=2019-05-17&rft.aulast=Irfan&rft.aufirst=Umair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F2019%2F5%2F17%2F18624740%2Ffossil-fuel-subsidies-climate-imf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimon2013" class="citation book cs1">Simon, David Robinson (September 1, 2013). Meatonomics: How the Rigged Economics of Meat and Dairy Make You Consume Too Much–and How to Eat Better, Live Longer, and Spend Smarter. U.S.A.: Conari Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1573246200" title="Special:BookSources/978-1573246200"><bdi>978-1573246200</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Meatonomics%3A+How+the+Rigged+Economics+of+Meat+and+Dairy+Make+You+Consume+Too+Much%E2%80%93and+How+to+Eat+Better%2C+Live+Longer%2C+and+Spend+Smarter&rft.place=U.S.A.&rft.pub=Conari+Press&rft.date=2013-09-01&rft.isbn=978-1573246200&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=David+Robinson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShill2019" class="citation magazine cs1">Shill, Gregory (July 9, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/07/car-crashes-arent-always-unavoidable/592447/">"Americans Shouldn't Have to Drive, but the Law Insists on It: The automobile took over because the legal system helped squeeze out the alternatives"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190714123418/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/07/car-crashes-arent-always-unavoidable/592447/">Archived</a> from the original on July 14, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Americans+Shouldn%27t+Have+to+Drive%2C+but+the+Law+Insists+on+It%3A+The+automobile+took+over+because+the+legal+system+helped+squeeze+out+the+alternatives.&rft.date=2019-07-09&rft.aulast=Shill&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fideas%2Farchive%2F2019%2F07%2Fcar-crashes-arent-always-unavoidable%2F592447%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gallup_20230420-201"><a href="#cite_ref-Gallup_20230420_201-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaad2023" class="citation web cs1">Saad, Lydia (20 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.gallup.com/poll/474542/steady-six-say-global-warming-effects-begun.aspx">"A Steady Six in 10 Say Global Warming's Effects Have Begun"</a>. Gallup, Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230420123700/https://news.gallup.com/poll/474542/steady-six-say-global-warming-effects-begun.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Steady+Six+in+10+Say+Global+Warming%27s+Effects+Have+Begun&rft.pub=Gallup%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2023-04-20&rft.aulast=Saad&rft.aufirst=Lydia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.gallup.com%2Fpoll%2F474542%2Fsteady-six-say-global-warming-effects-begun.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/04/18/a-look-at-how-people-around-the-world-view-climate-change/">"A look at how people around the world view climate change"</a>. Pew Research Center. 18 April 2019. Retrieved 2020-09-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center&rft.atitle=A+look+at+how+people+around+the+world+view+climate+change&rft.date=2019-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Ffact-tank%2F2019%2F04%2F18%2Fa-look-at-how-people-around-the-world-view-climate-change%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190927222026/https://www.climategen.org/take-action/act-climate-change/">"Act on Climate Change"</a>. Climate Generation: A Will Steger Legacy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.climategen.org/take-action/act-climate-change/">the original</a> on 2019-09-27. Retrieved 2019-04-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climate+Generation%3A+A+Will+Steger+Legacy&rft.atitle=Act+on+Climate+Change&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.climategen.org%2Ftake-action%2Fact-climate-change%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.earthday.org/about/">"About Us"</a>. Earth Day Network. Retrieved 2019-04-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Earth+Day+Network&rft.atitle=About+Us&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.earthday.org%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalclimatestrike.net/">"Global Climate Strike → A Historic Week"</a>. Global Climate Strike → Sep. 20–27. Retrieved 2019-10-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+Climate+Strike+%E2%86%92+Sep.+20%E2%80%9327&rft.atitle=Global+Climate+Strike+%E2%86%92+A+Historic+Week&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalclimatestrike.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian_6_million-206"><a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_6_million_206-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylorWattsBartlett2019" class="citation web cs1">Taylor, Matthew; Watts, Jonathan; Bartlett, John (27 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/sep/27/climate-crisis-6-million-people-join-latest-wave-of-worldwide-protests">"Climate crisis: 6 million people join latest wave of global protests"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Retrieved 28 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Climate+crisis%3A+6+million+people+join+latest+wave+of+global+protests&rft.date=2019-09-27&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.au=Watts%2C+Jonathan&rft.au=Bartlett%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2019%2Fsep%2F27%2Fclimate-crisis-6-million-people-join-latest-wave-of-worldwide-protests&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hurriyet_7.6_million-207"><a href="#cite_ref-Hurriyet_7.6_million_207-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/global-climate-strike-gathers-7-6m-people-146979">"Global climate strike gathers 7.6m people"</a>. Hürriyet Daily News. 29 September 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+climate+strike+gathers+7.6m+people&rft.pub=H%C3%BCrriyet+Daily+News&rft.date=2019-09-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2Fglobal-climate-strike-gathers-7-6m-people-146979&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170313031105/http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/the-case-for-fossil-fuel-divestment-20130222">"The Case for Fossil-Fuel Divestment"</a>. Rolling Stone. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/the-case-for-fossil-fuel-divestment-20130222">the original</a> on 2017-03-13. Retrieved 2017-02-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=The+Case+for+Fossil-Fuel+Divestment&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fpolitics%2Fnews%2Fthe-case-for-fossil-fuel-divestment-20130222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gofossilfree.org/commitments/">"Commitments"</a>. Fossil Free. Retrieved 2017-02-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fossil+Free&rft.atitle=Commitments&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgofossilfree.org%2Fcommitments%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarrington2016" class="citation news cs1">Carrington, Damian (2016-12-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/dec/12/fossil-fuel-divestment-funds-double-5tn-in-a-year">"Fossil fuel divestment funds double to $5tn in a year"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Retrieved 2017-02-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Fossil+fuel+divestment+funds+double+to+%245tn+in+a+year&rft.date=2016-12-12&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Carrington&rft.aufirst=Damian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2016%2Fdec%2F12%2Ffossil-fuel-divestment-funds-double-5tn-in-a-year&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-OneEarth_20230421-211">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OneEarth_20230421_211-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OneEarth_20230421_211-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_ValkengoedStegPerlaviciute2023" class="citation journal cs1">van Valkengoed, Anne M.; Steg, Linda; Perlaviciute, Goda (21 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cell.com/one-earth/fulltext/S2590-3322(23)00140-9">"The psychological distance of climate change is overestimated"</a>. One Earth. 6 (4): 362–391. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023OEart...6..362V">2023OEart...6..362V</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.oneear.2023.03.006">10.1016/j.oneear.2023.03.006</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:258281951">258281951</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=One+Earth&rft.atitle=The+psychological+distance+of+climate+change+is+overestimated&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E362-%3C%2Fspan%3E391&rft.date=2023-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A258281951%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.oneear.2023.03.006&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2023OEart...6..362V&rft.aulast=van+Valkengoed&rft.aufirst=Anne+M.&rft.au=Steg%2C+Linda&rft.au=Perlaviciute%2C+Goda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fone-earth%2Ffulltext%2FS2590-3322%2823%2900140-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacob2019" class="citation news cs1">Jacob, Shine (2019-10-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/subsidy-on-kerosene-may-go-by-fy21-as-fuel-consumption-shifts-to-lpg-119100600789_1.html">"Subsidy on kerosene may go by FY21 as fuel consumption shifts to LPG"</a>. Business Standard India. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191022162859/https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/subsidy-on-kerosene-may-go-by-fy21-as-fuel-consumption-shifts-to-lpg-119100600789_1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-10-22. Retrieved 2019-10-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Standard+India&rft.atitle=Subsidy+on+kerosene+may+go+by+FY21+as+fuel+consumption+shifts+to+LPG&rft.date=2019-10-06&rft.aulast=Jacob&rft.aufirst=Shine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-standard.com%2Farticle%2Feconomy-policy%2Fsubsidy-on-kerosene-may-go-by-fy21-as-fuel-consumption-shifts-to-lpg-119100600789_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-213">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_213-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_213-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowlatt2019" class="citation news cs1">Rowlatt, Justin (2019-10-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-49997755">"'Only big changes' will tackle climate change"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191016174923/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-49997755">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-10-16. Retrieved 2019-10-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Only+big+changes%27+will+tackle+climate+change&rft.date=2019-10-11&rft.aulast=Rowlatt&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-49997755&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/396545">"HOW TO DELIVER FREE COAL TO THE POOR FAMILIES? TURKEY CASE"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191022171827/https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/396545">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-10-22. Retrieved 2019-10-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HOW+TO+DELIVER+FREE+COAL+TO+THE+POOR+FAMILIES%3F+TURKEY+CASE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdergipark.org.tr%2Fen%2Fdownload%2Farticle-file%2F396545&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElliott2019" class="citation news cs1">Elliott, Larry (2019-10-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/oct/10/carbon-taxes-have-to-rise-sharply-to-avoid-climate-crisis-says-imf">"Energy bills will have to rise sharply to avoid climate crisis, says IMF"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191021223222/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/oct/10/carbon-taxes-have-to-rise-sharply-to-avoid-climate-crisis-says-imf">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-10-21. Retrieved 2019-10-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Energy+bills+will+have+to+rise+sharply+to+avoid+climate+crisis%2C+says+IMF&rft.date=2019-10-10&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2019%2Foct%2F10%2Fcarbon-taxes-have-to-rise-sharply-to-avoid-climate-crisis-says-imf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191014131609/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/10/14/heres-why-raising-gas-prices-leads-violent-protests-like-ecuadors/">"Here's why raising gas prices leads to violent protests like Ecuador's"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/10/14/heres-why-raising-gas-prices-leads-violent-protests-like-ecuadors/">the original</a> on 2019-10-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Here%27s+why+raising+gas+prices+leads+to+violent+protests+like+Ecuador%27s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2019%2F10%2F14%2Fheres-why-raising-gas-prices-leads-violent-protests-like-ecuadors%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theecologist.org/2019/oct/21/how-not-eliminate-fossil-fuel-subsidies">"How not to eliminate fossil fuel subsidies"</a>. The Ecologist. 21 October 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191022174317/https://theecologist.org/2019/oct/21/how-not-eliminate-fossil-fuel-subsidies">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-10-22. Retrieved 2019-10-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Ecologist&rft.atitle=How+not+to+eliminate+fossil+fuel+subsidies&rft.date=2019-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheecologist.org%2F2019%2Foct%2F21%2Fhow-not-eliminate-fossil-fuel-subsidies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldberg2019" class="citation journal cs1">Goldberg, Matthew (July 9, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/publications/discussing-global-warming-leads-to-greater-acceptance-of-climate-science/">"Discussing global warming leads to greater acceptance of climate science"</a>. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 116 (30): 14804–14805. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019PNAS..11614804G">2019PNAS..11614804G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1906589116">10.1073/pnas.1906589116</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6660749">6660749</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31285333">31285333</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191116101510/https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/publications/discussing-global-warming-leads-to-greater-acceptance-of-climate-science/">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-11-16. Retrieved 2019-12-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Discussing+global+warming+leads+to+greater+acceptance+of+climate+science&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=30&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E14804-%3C%2Fspan%3E14805&rft.date=2019-07-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6660749%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31285333&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1906589116&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019PNAS..11614804G&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclimatecommunication.yale.edu%2Fpublications%2Fdiscussing-global-warming-leads-to-greater-acceptance-of-climate-science%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-219">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_219-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_219-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirk2018" class="citation web cs1">Kirk, Karin (2018-04-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yaleclimateconnections.org/2018/04/finding-common-ground-amid-climate-controversy/">"Finding common ground amid climate controversy"</a>. Yale Climate Connections. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191209040106/https://www.yaleclimateconnections.org/2018/04/finding-common-ground-amid-climate-controversy/">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-12-09. Retrieved 2019-12-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yale+Climate+Connections&rft.atitle=Finding+common+ground+amid+climate+controversy&rft.date=2018-04-03&rft.aulast=Kirk&rft.aufirst=Karin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yaleclimateconnections.org%2F2018%2F04%2Ffinding-common-ground-amid-climate-controversy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-220"><a href="#cite_ref-:12_220-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/news-events/attaining-meaningful-outcomes-from-conversations-on-climate/">"Attaining Meaningful Outcomes from Conversations on Climate"</a>. Yale Program on Climate Change Communication. 2019-11-26. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191209040056/https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/news-events/attaining-meaningful-outcomes-from-conversations-on-climate/">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-12-09. Retrieved 2019-12-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yale+Program+on+Climate+Change+Communication&rft.atitle=Attaining+Meaningful+Outcomes+from+Conversations+on+Climate&rft.date=2019-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclimatecommunication.yale.edu%2Fnews-events%2Fattaining-meaningful-outcomes-from-conversations-on-climate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carbonconversations.co.uk/p/about.html">"About"</a>. Carbon Conversations. Retrieved 2020-09-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Carbon+Conversations&rft.atitle=About&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.carbonconversations.co.uk%2Fp%2Fabout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> Katz, Ian (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2009/jul/13/manchester-report-climate-change">Twenty Ideas That Could Save the World</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEinhorn" class="citation web cs1">Einhorn, Laura. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pure.mpg.de/rest/items/item_3196378_1/component/file_3204446/content">"Normative Social Influence on Meat Consumption"</a>. MPG.PuRe. Max Planck Society. Retrieved 18 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MPG.PuRe&rft.atitle=Normative+Social+Influence+on+Meat+Consumption&rft.aulast=Einhorn&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.mpg.de%2Frest%2Fitems%2Fitem_3196378_1%2Fcomponent%2Ffile_3204446%2Fcontent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBank2022" class="citation book cs1">Bank, European Investment (2022-04-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eib.org/en/publications/the-eib-climate-survey-2021-2022">The EIB Climate Survey 2021-2022 - Citizens call for green recovery</a>. European Investment Bank. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-861-5223-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-861-5223-8"><bdi>978-92-861-5223-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+EIB+Climate+Survey+2021-2022+-+Citizens+call+for+green+recovery&rft.pub=European+Investment+Bank&rft.date=2022-04-20&rft.isbn=978-92-861-5223-8&rft.aulast=Bank&rft.aufirst=European+Investment&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eib.org%2Fen%2Fpublications%2Fthe-eib-climate-survey-2021-2022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNations" class="citation news cs1">Nations, United. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/en/actnow">"Act Now"</a>. United Nations. Retrieved 2022-06-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=United+Nations&rft.atitle=Act+Now&rft.aulast=Nations&rft.aufirst=United&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fen%2Factnow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phys.org/news/2021-04-socially-population-policies-mitigate-climate.html">"Socially just population policies can mitigate climate change and advance global equity"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Phys.org" title="Phys.org">Phys.org</a>. April 28, 2021. Retrieved November 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Phys.org&rft.atitle=Socially+just+population+policies+can+mitigate+climate+change+and+advance+global+equity&rft.date=2021-04-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphys.org%2Fnews%2F2021-04-socially-population-policies-mitigate-climate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamuel2021" class="citation web cs1">Samuel, Sigal (2021-04-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/22399882/climate-change-kids-children-overpopulation">"A climate scientist explains why it's still okay to have kids"</a>. Vox. Retrieved 2021-11-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=A+climate+scientist+explains+why+it%27s+still+okay+to+have+kids&rft.date=2021-04-29&rft.aulast=Samuel&rft.aufirst=Sigal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Ffuture-perfect%2F22399882%2Fclimate-change-kids-children-overpopulation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-228"><a href="#cite_ref-:11_228-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdcock2022" class="citation web cs1">Adcock, Bronwyn (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2022/feb/05/electric-monaros-and-hotted-up-skateboards-the-genius-who-wants-to-electrify-our-world">"Electric Monaros and hotted-up skateboards : the 'genius' who wants to electrify our world"</a>. the Guardian. Retrieved 2022-02-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Electric+Monaros+and+hotted-up+skateboards+%3A+the+%27genius%27+who+wants+to+electrify+our+world&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Adcock&rft.aufirst=Bronwyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2F2022%2Ffeb%2F05%2Felectric-monaros-and-hotted-up-skateboards-the-genius-who-wants-to-electrify-our-world&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10.1038/s41467-020-19474-6-229"><a href="#cite_ref-10.1038/s41467-020-19474-6_229-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPieperMichalkeGaugler2020" class="citation journal cs1">Pieper, Maximilian; Michalke, Amelie; Gaugler, Tobias (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7738510">"Calculation of external climate costs for food highlights inadequate pricing of animal products"</a>. Nature Communications. 11 (1): 6117. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020NatCo..11.6117P">2020NatCo..11.6117P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41467-020-19474-6">10.1038/s41467-020-19474-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2041-1723">2041-1723</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7738510">7738510</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33323933">33323933</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Communications&rft.atitle=Calculation+of+external+climate+costs+for+food+highlights+inadequate+pricing+of+animal+products&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=6117&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7738510%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020NatCo..11.6117P&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33323933&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41467-020-19474-6&rft.issn=2041-1723&rft.aulast=Pieper&rft.aufirst=Maximilian&rft.au=Michalke%2C+Amelie&rft.au=Gaugler%2C+Tobias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7738510&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Personal_carbon_allowances-230">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Personal_carbon_allowances_230-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Personal_carbon_allowances_230-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarekRauxEngelmann2018" class="citation journal cs1">Marek, Ewelina; Raux, Charles; Engelmann, Dirk (1 October 2018). "Personal carbon allowances: Can a budget label do the trick?". Transport Policy. 69: 170–178. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tranpol.2018.06.007">10.1016/j.tranpol.2018.06.007</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0967-070X">0967-070X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:158976807">158976807</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transport+Policy&rft.atitle=Personal+carbon+allowances%3A+Can+a+budget+label+do+the+trick%3F&rft.volume=69&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E170-%3C%2Fspan%3E178&rft.date=2018-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A158976807%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0967-070X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.tranpol.2018.06.007&rft.aulast=Marek&rft.aufirst=Ewelina&rft.au=Raux%2C+Charles&rft.au=Engelmann%2C+Dirk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-carbonration-231"><a href="#cite_ref-carbonration_231-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwain" class="citation web cs1">Swain, Frank. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211202112342/https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200217-can-rationing-carbon-help-fight-climate-change">"Can rationing carbon help fight climate change?"</a>. BBC. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200217-can-rationing-carbon-help-fight-climate-change">the original</a> on 2 December 2021. Retrieved 2 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Can+rationing+carbon+help+fight+climate+change%3F&rft.pub=BBC&rft.aulast=Swain&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Ffuture%2Farticle%2F20200217-can-rationing-carbon-help-fight-climate-change&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVanderheiden2019" class="citation book cs1">Vanderheiden, Steve (2019). "Personal Carbon Trading and Individual Mitigation Accountability". Transformative Climates and Accountable Governance. Palgrave Studies in Environmental Transformation, Transition and Accountability. Springer. pp. 273–299. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-97400-2_12">10.1007/978-3-319-97400-2_12</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3319973999" title="Special:BookSources/978-3319973999"><bdi>978-3319973999</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:169191162">169191162</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Personal+Carbon+Trading+and+Individual+Mitigation+Accountability&rft.btitle=Transformative+Climates+and+Accountable+Governance&rft.series=Palgrave+Studies+in+Environmental+Transformation%2C+Transition+and+Accountability&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E273-%3C%2Fspan%3E299&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A169191162%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-97400-2_12&rft.isbn=978-3319973999&rft.aulast=Vanderheiden&rft.aufirst=Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnomaly" class="citation web cs1">Anomaly, Jonathan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/wi-phi/wiphi-value-theory/wiphi-political/v/collective-action-problems">"Political: Collective Action Problems"</a>. Khan Academy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190713023850/https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/wi-phi/wiphi-value-theory/wiphi-political/v/collective-action-problems">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Khan+Academy&rft.atitle=Political%3A+Collective+Action+Problems&rft.aulast=Anomaly&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.khanacademy.org%2Fpartner-content%2Fwi-phi%2Fwiphi-value-theory%2Fwiphi-political%2Fv%2Fcollective-action-problems&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKejun2018" class="citation news cs1">Kejun, Jiang (December 14, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euractiv.com/section/climate-environment/opinion/climate-change-is-a-problem-of-politics-not-science/">"Climate change is a problem of politics, not science"</a>. Euractiv. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190713023850/https://www.euractiv.com/section/climate-environment/opinion/climate-change-is-a-problem-of-politics-not-science/">Archived</a> from the original on July 13, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Climate+change+is+a+problem+of+politics%2C+not+science&rft.date=2018-12-14&rft.aulast=Kejun&rft.aufirst=Jiang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euractiv.com%2Fsection%2Fclimate-environment%2Fopinion%2Fclimate-change-is-a-problem-of-politics-not-science%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTallulah2018" class="citation web cs1">Tallulah, Tegan (2018-01-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.resilience.org/stories/2018-01-10/individual-vs-collective-are-you-responsible-for-fixing-climate-change/">"Individual vs Collective: Are you Responsible for Fixing Climate Change?"</a>. Resilience. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200222132443/https://www.resilience.org/stories/2018-01-10/individual-vs-collective-are-you-responsible-for-fixing-climate-change/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-02-22. Retrieved 2020-02-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Resilience&rft.atitle=Individual+vs+Collective%3A+Are+you+Responsible+for+Fixing+Climate+Change%3F&rft.date=2018-01-10&rft.aulast=Tallulah&rft.aufirst=Tegan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.resilience.org%2Fstories%2F2018-01-10%2Findividual-vs-collective-are-you-responsible-for-fixing-climate-change%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValle2018" class="citation web cs1">Valle, Gaby Del (2018-10-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2018/10/12/17967738/climate-change-consumer-choices-green-renewable-energy">"Can individual consumer choices ward off the worst effects of climate change? It's complicated"</a>. Vox. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191229032137/https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2018/10/12/17967738/climate-change-consumer-choices-green-renewable-energy">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-12-29. Retrieved 2020-02-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=Can+individual+consumer+choices+ward+off+the+worst+effects+of+climate+change%3F+It%27s+complicated.&rft.date=2018-10-12&rft.aulast=Valle&rft.aufirst=Gaby+Del&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fthe-goods%2F2018%2F10%2F12%2F17967738%2Fclimate-change-consumer-choices-green-renewable-energy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaufman2020" class="citation web cs1">Kaufman, Mark (13 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mashable.com/feature/carbon-footprint-pr-campaign-sham/">"The devious fossil fuel propaganda we all use"</a>. Mashable. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917005055/https://mashable.com/feature/carbon-footprint-pr-campaign-sham/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-09-17. Retrieved 2020-09-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mashable&rft.atitle=The+devious+fossil+fuel+propaganda+we+all+use&rft.date=2020-07-13&rft.aulast=Kaufman&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmashable.com%2Ffeature%2Fcarbon-footprint-pr-campaign-sham%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> Hagmann, David, Emily H Ho, und George Loewenstein. 2019. „Nudging out Support for a Carbon Tax“. Nature Climate Change 9(6): 484–89. </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-239"><a href="#cite_ref-:3_239-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://open.lib.umn.edu/principleseconomics/chapter/3-3-demand-supply-and-equilibrium/">"3.3 Demand, Supply, and Equilibrium"</a>, Principles of Economics, University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing edition, 2016. This edition adapted from a work originally produced in 2012 by a publisher who has requested that it not receive attribution. Author removed at request, 2016-06-17, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210112071141/https://open.lib.umn.edu/principleseconomics/chapter/3-3-demand-supply-and-equilibrium/">archived</a> from the original on 2021-01-12, retrieved 2020-12-30</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Principles+of+Economics&rft.atitle=3.3+Demand%2C+Supply%2C+and+Equilibrium&rft.date=2016-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopen.lib.umn.edu%2Fprincipleseconomics%2Fchapter%2F3-3-demand-supply-and-equilibrium%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1353-240"><a href="#cite_ref-:1353_240-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eib.org/en/surveys/climate-survey/5th-climate-survey/climate-impact-important-factor-for-jobseekers.htm">"2022-2023 EIB Climate Survey, part 2 of 2: Majority of young Europeans say the climate impact of prospective employers is an important factor when job hunting"</a>. EIB.org. Retrieved 2023-03-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EIB.org&rft.atitle=2022-2023+EIB+Climate+Survey%2C+part+2+of+2%3A+Majority+of+young+Europeans+say+the+climate+impact+of+prospective+employers+is+an+important+factor+when+job+hunting&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eib.org%2Fen%2Fsurveys%2Fclimate-survey%2F5th-climate-survey%2Fclimate-impact-important-factor-for-jobseekers.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/myths-and-misconceptions-about-plant-based-diets">"Myths and Misconceptions About Plant-Based Diets"</a>. National Kidney Foundation. 2018-08-18. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191106071235/https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/myths-and-misconceptions-about-plant-based-diets">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-11-06. Retrieved 2019-11-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Kidney+Foundation&rft.atitle=Myths+and+Misconceptions+About+Plant-Based+Diets&rft.date=2018-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kidney.org%2Fatoz%2Fcontent%2Fmyths-and-misconceptions-about-plant-based-diets&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Plant-Based_Diets-242"><a href="#cite_ref-Plant-Based_Diets_242-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcrm.org/good-nutrition/plant-based-diets">"Plant-Based Diets"</a>. Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210119023652/https://www.pcrm.org/good-nutrition/plant-based-diets">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-01-19. Retrieved 2020-11-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Physicians+Committee+for+Responsible+Medicine&rft.atitle=Plant-Based+Diets&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcrm.org%2Fgood-nutrition%2Fplant-based-diets&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBentson2019" class="citation web cs1">Bentson, Clark (November 7, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/italy-makes-climate-change-education-compulsory/story?id=66817133">"Italy makes climate change education compulsory"</a>. ABC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191215044819/https://abcnews.go.com/International/italy-makes-climate-change-education-compulsory/story?id=66817133">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-12-15. Retrieved 2019-12-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Italy+makes+climate+change+education+compulsory&rft.date=2019-11-07&rft.aulast=Bentson&rft.aufirst=Clark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2Fitaly-makes-climate-change-education-compulsory%2Fstory%3Fid%3D66817133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCardenas2024" class="citation journal cs1">Cardenas, IC (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.envsci.2024.103912">"Mitigation of climate change. Risk and uncertainty research gaps in the specification of mitigation actions"</a>. Environmental Science & Policy. 162 (December 2024): 103912. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.envsci.2024.103912">10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103912</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Policy&rft.atitle=Mitigation+of+climate+change.+Risk+and+uncertainty+research+gaps+in+the+specification+of+mitigation+actions&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=December+2024&rft.pages=103912&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.envsci.2024.103912&rft.aulast=Cardenas&rft.aufirst=IC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.envsci.2024.103912&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"><a href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" title="creativecommons:by/4.0/"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Creative_Commons_by_small.svg/80px-Creative_Commons_by_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Creative_Commons_by_small.svg/120px-Creative_Commons_by_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Creative_Commons_by_small.svg/160px-Creative_Commons_by_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="80" data-file-height="15" /></a> This article incorporates text from this source, which is available under the <a href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" class="extiw" title="creativecommons:by/4.0/">CC BY 4.0</a> license. </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_SPM.pdf">Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change – Summary for Policymakers</a> (PDF) (Report). Cambridge University Press. April 4, 2022. p. 28. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2F9781009157926.001">10.1017/9781009157926.001</a>. Retrieved December 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Climate+Change+2022%3A+Mitigation+of+Climate+Change.+Contribution+of+Working+Group+III+to+the+Sixth+Assessment+Report+of+the+Intergovernmental+Panel+on+Climate+Change+%E2%80%93+Summary+for+Policymakers&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2022-04-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2F9781009157926.001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipcc.ch%2Freport%2Far6%2Fwg3%2Fdownloads%2Freport%2FIPCC_AR6_WGIII_SPM.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.52climateactions.com/">52 Climate Actions</a> themed suggestions for personal actions</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climatesafety.info/what-we-all-can-do/">What we all can do</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climatesafety.info">Climatesafety.info</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-46459714">"Climate change food calculator: What's your diet's carbon footprint?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Climate+change+food+calculator%3A+What%27s+your+diet%27s+carbon+footprint%3F&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-46459714&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndividual+action+on+climate+change" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Climate_change567" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Climate_change" title="Template:Climate change"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Climate_change" title="Template talk:Climate change"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Climate_change" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Climate change"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Climate_change567" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">Climate change</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Overview567" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Overview</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_climate_change" title="Causes of climate change">Causes of climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change" title="Effects of climate change">Effects of climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" title="Climate change mitigation">Climate change mitigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_adaptation" title="Climate change adaptation">Climate change adaptation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Climate_change_regions" title="Template:Climate change regions">By country and region</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Causes567" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_climate_change" title="Causes of climate change">Causes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.25em">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_system" title="Climate system">Climate system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_effect" title="Greenhouse effect">Greenhouse effect</a> (<a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_in_Earth%27s_atmosphere" title="Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere">Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_consensus_on_climate_change" title="Scientific consensus on climate change">Scientific consensus on climate change</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.25em">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation_and_climate_change" title="Deforestation and climate change">Deforestation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel">Fossil fuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas" title="Greenhouse gas">Greenhouse gases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">Greenhouse gas emissions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_accounting" title="Carbon accounting">Carbon accounting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_footprint" title="Carbon footprint">Carbon footprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_leakage" title="Carbon leakage">Carbon leakage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_from_agriculture" title="Greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture">from agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_from_wetlands" title="Greenhouse gas emissions from wetlands">from wetlands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_energy_supply_and_consumption" title="World energy supply and consumption">World energy supply and consumption</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History567" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_climate_change_policy_and_politics" title="History of climate change policy and politics">History of climate change policy and politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_climate_change_science" title="History of climate change science">History of climate change science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Svante Arrhenius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hansen" title="James Hansen">James Hansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_David_Keeling" title="Charles David Keeling">Charles David Keeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Climate_Change_conference" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Climate Change conference">United Nations Climate Change conferences</a></li> <li>Years in climate change <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_climate_change" title="2019 in climate change">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_climate_change" title="2020 in climate change">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_in_climate_change" title="2021 in climate change">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_in_climate_change" title="2022 in climate change">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_in_climate_change" title="2023 in climate change">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_in_climate_change" title="2024 in climate change">2024</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Effects_and_issues567" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change" title="Effects of climate change">Effects and issues</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.25em">Physical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrupt_climate_change" title="Abrupt climate change">Abrupt climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anoxic_event" title="Anoxic event">Anoxic event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_methane_emissions" title="Arctic methane emissions">Arctic methane emissions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_sea_ice_decline" title="Arctic sea ice decline">Arctic sea ice decline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_meridional_overturning_circulation" title="Atlantic meridional overturning circulation">Atlantic meridional overturning circulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drought" title="Drought">Drought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_weather" title="Extreme weather">Extreme weather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood" title="Flood">Flood</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_flooding" title="Coastal flooding">Coastal flooding</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_wave" title="Heat wave">Heat wave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_heatwave" title="Marine heatwave">Marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_heat_island" title="Urban heat island">Urban heat island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change_on_oceans" title="Effects of climate change on oceans">Oceans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_acidification" title="Ocean acidification">acidification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_deoxygenation" title="Ocean deoxygenation">deoxygenation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_heat_content" title="Ocean heat content">heat content</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_surface_temperature" title="Sea surface temperature">sea surface temperature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_stratification" title="Ocean stratification">stratification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_temperature" title="Ocean temperature">temperature</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozone_depletion" title="Ozone depletion">Ozone depletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permafrost#Impacts_of_climate_change" title="Permafrost">Permafrost thaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retreat_of_glaciers_since_1850" title="Retreat of glaciers since 1850">Retreat of glaciers since 1850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_level_rise" title="Sea level rise">Sea level rise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Season_creep" title="Season creep">Season creep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipping_points_in_the_climate_system" title="Tipping points in the climate system">Tipping points in the climate system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclones_and_climate_change" title="Tropical cyclones and climate change">Tropical cyclones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change_on_the_water_cycle" title="Effects of climate change on the water cycle">Water cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_wildfires" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate change and wildfires">Wildfires</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.25em">Flora and fauna</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change_on_biomes" title="Effects of climate change on biomes">Biomes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_mortality_event" title="Mass mortality event">Mass mortality event</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_birds" title="Climate change and birds">Birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extinction_risk_from_climate_change" title="Extinction risk from climate change">Extinction risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_dieback" title="Forest dieback">Forest dieback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_invasive_species" title="Climate change and invasive species">Invasive species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_impact_on_marine_life#Climate_change" title="Human impact on marine life">Marine life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change_on_plant_biodiversity" title="Effects of climate change on plant biodiversity">Plant biodiversity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.25em">Social and economic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change_on_agriculture" title="Effects of climate change on agriculture">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change_on_livestock" title="Effects of climate change on livestock">Livestock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_breadbasket_failure" title="Multiple breadbasket failure">Multi-breadbasket failure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="Climate change and agriculture in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_children" title="Climate change and children">Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_cities" title="Climate change and cities">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_civilizational_collapse" title="Climate change and civilizational collapse">Civilizational collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_crime" title="Climate change and crime">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_areas_depopulated_due_to_climate_change" title="List of areas depopulated due to climate change">Depopulation of settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_landmarks_destroyed_or_damaged_by_climate_change" title="List of landmarks destroyed or damaged by climate change">Destruction of cultural heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_and_climate_change" title="Disability and climate change">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_analysis_of_climate_change" title="Economic analysis of climate change">Economic impacts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_insurance_in_the_United_States" title="Climate change and insurance in the United States">U.S. insurance industry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_fisheries" title="Climate change and fisheries">Fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_gender" title="Climate change and gender">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change_on_human_health" title="Effects of climate change on human health">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change_on_mental_health" title="Effects of climate change on mental health">Mental health</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_and_climate_change" title="Human rights and climate change">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_Indigenous_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate change and Indigenous peoples">Indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_infectious_diseases" title="Climate change and infectious diseases">Infectious diseases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_migration" title="Climate migration">Migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_poverty" title="Climate change and poverty">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_impact_of_climate_change" title="Psychological impact of climate change">Psychological impacts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_security" title="Climate security">Security and conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_flooding" title="Urban flooding">Urban flooding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_scarcity" title="Water scarcity">Water scarcity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_security" title="Water security">Water security</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.25em"><a href="/wiki/Template:Climate_change_regions" title="Template:Climate change regions">By country and region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Africa" title="Climate change in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Americas" title="Climate change in the Americas">Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Antarctica" title="Climate change in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Arctic" title="Climate change in the Arctic">Arctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Asia" title="Climate change in Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Australia" title="Climate change in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Caribbean" title="Climate change in the Caribbean">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Europe" title="Climate change in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa" title="Climate change in the Middle East and North Africa">Middle East and North Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change_on_small_island_countries" title="Effects of climate change on small island countries">Small island countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Climate_change_by_country" title="Category:Climate change by country">by individual country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Mitigation567" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" title="Climate change mitigation">Mitigation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.25em"><a href="/wiki/Economic_analysis_of_climate_change" title="Economic analysis of climate change">Economics and finance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_budget" title="Carbon budget">Carbon budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_emission_trading" title="Carbon emission trading">Carbon emission trading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_offsets_and_credits" title="Carbon offsets and credits">Carbon offsets and credits</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Standard_(carbon_offset_standard)" title="Gold Standard (carbon offset standard)">Gold Standard (carbon offset standard)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_price" title="Carbon price">Carbon price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_tax" title="Carbon tax">Carbon tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_debt" title="Climate debt">Climate debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_finance" title="Climate finance">Climate finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_risk_insurance" title="Climate risk insurance">Climate risk insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-benefits_of_climate_change_mitigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-benefits of climate change mitigation">Co-benefits of climate change mitigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_of_climate_change_mitigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Economics of climate change mitigation">Economics of climate change mitigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel_divestment" title="Fossil fuel divestment">Fossil fuel divestment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Climate_Fund" title="Green Climate Fund">Green Climate Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-carbon_economy" title="Low-carbon economy">Low-carbon economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_zero_emissions" class="mw-redirect" title="Net zero emissions">Net zero emissions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.25em">Energy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_capture_and_storage" title="Carbon capture and storage">Carbon capture and storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_transition" title="Energy transition">Energy transition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel_phase-out" title="Fossil fuel phase-out">Fossil fuel phase-out</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_energy" title="Sustainable energy">Sustainable energy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.25em">Preserving and enhancing <a href="/wiki/Carbon_sink" title="Carbon sink">carbon sinks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_carbon" title="Blue carbon">Blue carbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_removal" title="Carbon dioxide removal">Carbon dioxide removal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_sequestration" title="Carbon sequestration">Carbon sequestration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_air_capture" title="Direct air capture">Direct air capture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_farming" title="Carbon farming">Carbon farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate-smart_agriculture" title="Climate-smart agriculture">Climate-smart agriculture</a></li> <li>Forest management <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afforestation" title="Afforestation">afforestation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_sequestration#Forestry" title="Carbon sequestration">forestry for carbon sequestration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/REDD_and_REDD%2B" title="REDD and REDD+">REDD and REDD+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reforestation" title="Reforestation">reforestation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_use,_land-use_change,_and_forestry" title="Land use, land-use change, and forestry">Land use, land-use change, and forestry</a> (LULUCF and AFOLU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature-based_solutions" title="Nature-based solutions">Nature-based solutions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.25em">Personal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Individual action on climate change</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plant-based_diet" title="Plant-based diet">Plant-based diet</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Society_and_adaptation567" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Society and <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_adaptation" title="Climate change adaptation">adaptation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.25em">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_action_on_climate_change" title="Business action on climate change">Business action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_action" title="Climate action">Climate action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_emergency_declaration" title="Climate emergency declaration">Climate emergency declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_movement" title="Climate movement">Climate movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_Strike_for_Climate" class="mw-redirect" title="School Strike for Climate">School Strike for Climate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_denial" title="Climate change denial">Denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_grief" title="Ecological grief">Ecological grief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_governance" title="Climate governance">Governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_justice" title="Climate justice">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_litigation" title="Climate change litigation">Litigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_climate_change" title="Politics of climate change">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_opinion_on_climate_change" title="Public opinion on climate change">Public opinion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_climate_change" title="Women in climate change">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.25em"><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_adaptation" title="Climate change adaptation">Adaptation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_adaptation_strategies_on_the_German_coast" title="Climate change adaptation strategies on the German coast">Adaptation strategies on the German coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_capacity" title="Adaptive capacity">Adaptive capacity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_risk_reduction" title="Disaster risk reduction">Disaster risk reduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecosystem-based_adaptation" title="Ecosystem-based adaptation">Ecosystem-based adaptation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Flood control">Flood control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loss_and_damage_(climate_change)" title="Loss and damage (climate change)">Loss and damage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managed_retreat" title="Managed retreat">Managed retreat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature-based_solutions" title="Nature-based solutions">Nature-based solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_resilience" title="Climate resilience">Resilience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_risk" title="Climate risk">Risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_vulnerability" title="Climate change vulnerability">Vulnerability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Adaptation_Fund" title="The Adaptation Fund">The Adaptation Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Adaptation_Programme_of_Action" title="National Adaptation Programme of Action">National Adaptation Programme of Action</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.25em"><a href="/wiki/Climate_communication" title="Climate communication">Communication</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_Change_Performance_Index" title="Climate Change Performance Index">Climate Change Performance Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_crisis" title="Climate crisis">Climate crisis (term)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_spiral" title="Climate spiral">Climate spiral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_education" title="Climate change education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_climate_change" title="Media coverage of climate change">Media coverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_popular_culture" title="Climate change in popular culture">Popular culture depictions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_art" title="Climate change art">art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_fiction" title="Climate fiction">fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_climate_change_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="List of climate change video games">video games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warming_stripes" title="Warming stripes">Warming stripes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.25em">International agreements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Climate_Pact" title="Glasgow Climate Pact">Glasgow Climate Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol" title="Kyoto Protocol">Kyoto Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative_Mechanisms_under_Article_6_of_the_Paris_Agreement" title="Cooperative Mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement">Cooperative Mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationally_determined_contribution" title="Nationally determined contribution">Nationally determined contributions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_13" title="Sustainable Development Goal 13">Sustainable Development Goal 13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Change" title="United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change">United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Background_and_theory567" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Background and theory</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.25em">Measurements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_surface_temperature" title="Global surface temperature">Global surface temperature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instrumental_temperature_record" class="mw-redirect" title="Instrumental temperature record">Instrumental temperature record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxy_(climate)" title="Proxy (climate)">Proxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_temperature_measurement" title="Satellite temperature measurement">Satellite temperature measurement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.25em">Theory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albedo" title="Albedo">Albedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_cycle" title="Carbon cycle">Carbon cycle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_carbon_cycle" title="Atmospheric carbon cycle">atmospheric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_pump" title="Biological pump">biologic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_carbon_cycle" title="Oceanic carbon cycle">oceanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permafrost_carbon_cycle" title="Permafrost carbon cycle">permafrost</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_sink" title="Carbon sink">Carbon sink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_sensitivity" title="Climate sensitivity">Climate sensitivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_variability_and_change" title="Climate variability and change">Climate variability and change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_feedback" title="Cloud feedback">Cloud feedback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_forcing" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloud forcing">Cloud forcing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fixed_anvil_temperature_hypothesis" title="Fixed anvil temperature hypothesis">Fixed anvil temperature hypothesis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryosphere" title="Cryosphere">Cryosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_energy_budget" title="Earth's energy budget">Earth's energy budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_event_attribution" title="Extreme event attribution">Extreme event attribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_feedbacks" title="Climate change feedbacks">Feedbacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_warming_potential" title="Global warming potential">Global warming potential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illustrative_model_of_greenhouse_effect_on_climate_change" title="Illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change">Illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_forcing" title="Orbital forcing">Orbital forcing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiative_forcing" title="Radiative forcing">Radiative forcing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.25em">Research and modelling</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_scenario" title="Climate change scenario">Climate change scenario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_model" title="Climate model">Climate model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupled_Model_Intercomparison_Project" title="Coupled Model Intercomparison Project">Coupled Model Intercomparison Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPCC_Sixth_Assessment_Report" title="IPCC Sixth Assessment Report">IPCC Sixth Assessment Report</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoclimatology" title="Paleoclimatology">Paleoclimatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Representative_Concentration_Pathway" title="Representative Concentration Pathway">Representative Concentration Pathway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shared_Socioeconomic_Pathways" title="Shared Socioeconomic Pathways">Shared Socioeconomic Pathways</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Climate_change_icon.png/16px-Climate_change_icon.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Climate_change_icon.png/24px-Climate_change_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Climate_change_icon.png/32px-Climate_change_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="1112" data-file-height="1056" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Climate_change" title="Portal:Climate change">Climate change portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Climate_change" title="Category:Climate change">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_climate_change" title="Glossary of climate change">Glossary</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_climate_change_articles" title="Index of climate change articles">Index</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg/21px-Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg/32px-Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg/42px-Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Environment" title="Portal:Environment">Environment</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Wind-turbine-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Wind-turbine-icon.svg/19px-Wind-turbine-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Wind-turbine-icon.svg/29px-Wind-turbine-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Wind-turbine-icon.svg/38px-Wind-turbine-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Renewable_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Renewable Energy">Renewable Energy</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_energy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/20px-Crystal_energy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/30px-Crystal_energy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/40px-Crystal_energy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="124" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Energy" title="Portal:Energy">Energy</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Change_in_Average_Temperature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Change_in_Average_Temperature.svg/21px-Change_in_Average_Temperature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Change_in_Average_Temperature.svg/32px-Change_in_Average_Temperature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Change_in_Average_Temperature.svg/42px-Change_in_Average_Temperature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="816" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Global warming">Global warming</a></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&oldid=1276145181">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&oldid=1276145181</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Climate_change_policy" title="Category:Climate change policy">Climate change policy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Environmental_ethics" title="Category:Environmental ethics">Environmental ethics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Climate_change_and_society" title="Category:Climate change and society">Climate change and society</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_climate_change" title="Category:Politics of climate change">Politics of climate change</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_imported_Creative_Commons_Attribution_4.0_text" title="Category:Articles with imported Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 text">Articles with imported Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2021" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2021">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating_from_November_2024" title="Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating from November 2024">Wikipedia articles in need of updating from November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles in need of updating">All Wikipedia articles in need of updating</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2020" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2020">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating_from_November_2021" title="Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating from November 2021">Wikipedia articles in need of updating from November 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_September_2022" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September 2022">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_displaying_short_descriptions_of_redirect_targets_via_Module:Annotated_link" title="Category:Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets via Module:Annotated link">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets via Module:Annotated link</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 February 2025, at 04:00 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Individual_action_on_climate_change&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"> Search </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" >Individual action on climate change</div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"> 7 languages </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"> Add topic </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-92cc4","wgBackendResponseTime":145,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.192","walltime":"2.488","ppvisitednodes":{"value":15379,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":563215,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4174,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":31,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":901354,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2201.703 1 -total"," 66.58% 1465.822 1 Template:Reflist"," 26.60% 585.701 135 Template:Cite_web"," 20.54% 452.233 47 Template:Cite_journal"," 10.08% 221.937 44 Template:Cite_news"," 6.93% 152.676 5 Template:Annotated_link"," 5.47% 120.350 1 Template:Climate_change"," 3.72% 81.921 1 Template:Short_description"," 2.57% 56.584 2 Template:Pagetype"," 2.34% 51.598 2 Template:Update_inline"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.497","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":20901934,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","240","16.7"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","220","15.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","160","11.1"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","80","5.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","80","5.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::plain","80","5.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","40","2.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","40","2.8"],["validate \u003CModule:Citation/CS1:4236\u003E","40","2.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpensiveData","40","2.8"],["[others]","420","29.2"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-5b65fffc7d-pwsnd","timestamp":"20250217040038","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Individual action on climate change","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Individual_action_on_climate_change","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6025269","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6025269","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2011-03-21T20:30:43Z","dateModified":"2025-02-17T04:00:23Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a3\/People%27s_Climate_March_2017_in_Washington_DC_39.jpg","headline":"what everyone can do to limit climate change"}</script> </body> </html>