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Velocidade da luz</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Velocidade_da_luz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Medições_iniciais" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medições_iniciais"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Medições iniciais</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medições_iniciais-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monte_Wilson_e_Lookout_Mountain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monte_Wilson_e_Lookout_Mountain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Monte Wilson e Lookout Mountain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monte_Wilson_e_Lookout_Mountain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Michelson,_Pease_e_Pearson" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Michelson,_Pease_e_Pearson"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Michelson, Pease e Pearson</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Michelson,_Pease_e_Pearson-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interferometria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interferometria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Interferometria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interferometria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interferometria_astronômica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interferometria_astronômica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Interferometria astronômica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interferometria_astronômica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prémios_e_honrarias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prémios_e_honrarias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Prémios e honrarias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prémios_e_honrarias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ver_também" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ver_também"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ver também</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ver_também-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referências" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referências"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referências</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referências-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligações_externas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligações_externas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ligações externas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligações_externas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Albert A. Michelson</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 92 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-92" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">92 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_A._Michelson" title="Albert A. Michelson — africanês" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Albert A. Michelson" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="africanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson — aragonês" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Albert Abraham Michelson" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="ألبرت ميكلسون — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألبرت ميكلسون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="البرت ميكلسون — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="البرت ميكلسون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson — asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Albert Abraham Michelson" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Maykelson" title="Albert Maykelson — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Albert Maykelson" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="آلبرت آبراهام مایکلسون — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آلبرت آبراهام مایکلسون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Альберт Абрахам Майкельсан — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Альберт Абрахам Майкельсан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Албърт Майкелсън — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Албърт Майкелсън" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8" title="আলবার্ট আব্রাহাম মাইকেলসন — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আলবার্ট আব্রাহাম মাইকেলসন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson — bósnio" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Albert Abraham Michelson" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bósnio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Albert Abraham Michelson" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%DA%B5%D8%B3%DB%86%D9%86" title="ئەلبەرت ئێبراھام مایکڵسۆن — curdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەلبەرت ئێبراھام مایکڵسۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Albert Abraham Michelson" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Albert Abraham Michelson" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Albert Abraham Michelson" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BB%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%84_%CE%91%CE%B2%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%AC%CE%BC_%CE%9C%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%BB%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Άλμπερτ Αβραάμ Μάικελσον — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άλμπερτ Αβραάμ Μάικελσον" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_A._Michelson" title="Albert A. Michelson — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Albert A. Michelson" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Albert Abraham Michelson" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Albert Abraham Michelson" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Albert Abraham Michelson" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_A._Michelson" title="Albert A. Michelson — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Albert A. Michelson" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="آلبرت آبراهام مایکلسون — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلبرت آبراهام مایکلسون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Albert Abraham Michelson" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_A._Michelson" title="Albert A. Michelson — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Albert A. Michelson" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson — irlandês" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Albert Abraham Michelson" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Albert Abraham Michelson" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F_%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%AE_%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%88%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%A8" title="આલ્બર્ટ અબ્રાહમ માઈકલસન — guzerate" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="આલ્બર્ટ અબ્રાહમ માઈકલસન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="guzerate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_A._Michelson" title="Albert A. Michelson — hacá" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Albert A. Michelson" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hacá" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%94%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F" title="אלברט אברהם מייקלסון — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלברט אברהם מייקלסון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="अल्बर्ट अब्राहम मिशेलसन — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अल्बर्ट अब्राहम मिशेलसन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson — croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Albert Abraham Michelson" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson — haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Albert Abraham Michelson" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_A._Michelson" title="Albert A. Michelson — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Albert A. Michelson" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BF_%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%84%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%BD%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Ալբերտ Մայքելսոն — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալբերտ Մայքելսոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Albert Abraham Michelson" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson — ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Albert Abraham Michelson" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson — ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Albert Abraham Michelson" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Albert Abraham Michelson" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B1%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3" title="アルバート・マイケルソン — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルバート・マイケルソン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ალბერტ აბრაჰამ მაიკელსონი — georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალბერტ აბრაჰამ მაიკელსონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Альберт Абрахам Майкельсон — cazaque" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Альберт Абрахам Майкельсон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಆಲ್ಬರ್ಟ್ ಅಬ್ರಹಾಂ ಮೈಕಲ್ಸನ್ — canarim" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಲ್ಬರ್ಟ್ ಅಬ್ರಹಾಂ ಮೈಕಲ್ಸನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="canarim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%A8%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%EC%97%90%EC%9D%B4%EB%B8%8C%EB%9F%AC%ED%96%84_%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%BB%AC%EC%8A%A8" title="앨버트 에이브러햄 마이컬슨 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="앨버트 에이브러햄 마이컬슨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson — curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Albert Abraham Michelson" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Альберт Абрахам Майкельсон — quirguiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Альберт Абрахам Майкельсон" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="quirguiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertus_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albertus Abraham Michelson — latim" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Albertus Abraham Michelson" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Michelson" title="Albert Michelson — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Albert Michelson" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberts_Maikelsons" title="Alberts Maikelsons — letão" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Alberts Maikelsons" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson — malgaxe" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Albert Abraham Michelson" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Алберт Мајкелсон — macedónio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Алберт Мајкелсон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BA" title="ആൽബർട്ട് അബ്രഹാം മൈക്കിൾസൺ — malaiala" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആൽബർട്ട് അബ്രഹാം മൈക്കിൾസൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="अल्बर्ट अब्राहम मिकेलसन — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अल्बर्ट अब्राहम मिकेलसन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_A._Michelson" title="Albert A. Michelson — malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Albert A. Michelson" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="آلبرت آبراهام مایکلسون — mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آلبرت آبراهام مایکلسون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%8F_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="अल्बर्ट ए मिशेल्सन — newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अल्बर्ट ए मिशेल्सन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Michelson" title="Albert Michelson — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Albert Michelson" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson — norueguês nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Albert Abraham Michelson" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norueguês nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Albert Abraham Michelson" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson — occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Albert Abraham Michelson" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Michelson" title="Albert Michelson — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Albert Michelson" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Albert Abraham Michelson" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%B9_%D8%A7%DB%92_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86" title="البرٹ اے مائیکلسن — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="البرٹ اے مائیکلسن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Michelson" title="Albert Michelson — quíchua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Albert Michelson" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quíchua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Albert Abraham Michelson" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Майкельсон, Альберт Абрахам — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Майкельсон, Альберт Абрахам" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%8F_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="अल्बर्ट ए मिकेल्सन — sânscrito" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="अल्बर्ट ए मिकेल्सन" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sânscrito" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_A._Michelson" title="Albert A. Michelson — scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Albert A. Michelson" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Albert Abraham Michelson" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Albert Abraham Michelson" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Albert Abraham Michelson" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Albert Abraham Michelson" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_A._Michelson" title="Albert A. Michelson — albanês" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Albert A. Michelson" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Алберт Абрахам Мајкелсон — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Алберт Абрахам Мајкелсон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_A._Michelson" title="Albert A. Michelson — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Albert A. Michelson" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson — suaíli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Albert Abraham Michelson" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaíli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆல்பர்ட் ஆபிரகாம் மைக்கல்சன் — tâmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆல்பர்ட் ஆபிரகாம் மைக்கல்சன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tâmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%8E_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="అల్బర్ట్ ఎ మైకెల్సన్ — telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అల్బర్ట్ ఎ మైకెల్సన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson — tagalo" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Albert Abraham Michelson" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Michelson" title="Albert Michelson — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Albert Michelson" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Maykelson" title="Albert Abraham Maykelson — tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Albert Abraham Maykelson" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Альберт Абрагам Майкельсон — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Альберт Абрагам Майкельсон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%B9_%D8%A7%DB%92_%D9%85%DA%86%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86" title="البرٹ اے مچلسن — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="البرٹ اے مچلسن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Michelson" title="Albert Michelson — usbeque" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Albert Michelson" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Albert Abraham Michelson" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson — waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Albert Abraham Michelson" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%BF%88%E5%85%8B%E8%80%B3%E5%AD%99" title="阿尔伯特·迈克耳孙 — wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿尔伯特·迈克耳孙" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ალბერტ აბრაჰამ მაიკელსონი — Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ალბერტ აბრაჰამ მაიკელსონი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson — ioruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Albert Abraham Michelson" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ioruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%BF%88%E5%85%8B%E8%80%B3%E5%AD%99" title="阿尔伯特·迈克耳孙 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿尔伯特·迈克耳孙" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_A._Michelson" title="Albert A. Michelson — min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Albert A. Michelson" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%8B%94%C2%B7%E9%82%81%E5%85%8B%E7%94%9F" title="歐拔·邁克生 — cantonês" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="歐拔·邁克生" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q127234#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Albert_A._Michelson" title="Ver a página de conteúdo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artigo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discuss%C3%A3o:Albert_A._Michelson" rel="discussion" title="Discussão sobre o conteúdo da página [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mudar a variante da língua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">português</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistas"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Albert_A._Michelson"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_A._Michelson&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta página [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_A._Michelson&action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_A._Michelson&action=history" title="Edições anteriores desta página. 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pt" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox infobox_v2" cellpadding="3" border="0" style="width: 270px; font-size: 88%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" class="topo padrao" style="text-align:center; font-size:large; background-color:gainsboro; border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0;"><span class=""><span style="color:blue;">Albert Abraham Michelson</span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9mio_Nobel" title="Medalha Nobel"><img alt="Medalha Nobel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/20px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/40px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div style="padding-bottom: 5px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Albert_Abraham_Michelson.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Albert A. Michelson"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Albert_Abraham_Michelson.JPG/200px-Albert_Abraham_Michelson.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Albert_Abraham_Michelson.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="276" data-file-height="344" /></a><figcaption>Albert A. Michelson</figcaption></figure></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;" colspan="2"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Experi%C3%AAncia_de_Michelson-Morley" title="Experiência de Michelson-Morley">Experiência de Michelson-Morley</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Nascimento </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/19_de_dezembro#Nascimentos" title="19 de dezembro">19 de dezembro</a> de <a href="/wiki/1852" title="1852">1852</a><br /><span class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Strzelno" title="Strzelno">Strzelno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reino_da_Pr%C3%BAssia" title="Reino da Prússia">Reino da Prússia</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Morte </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/9_de_maio" title="9 de maio">9 de maio</a> de <a href="/wiki/1931" title="1931">1931</a> (78 anos)<br /><span class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Pasadena_(Calif%C3%B3rnia)" title="Pasadena (Califórnia)">Pasadena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calif%C3%B3rnia" title="Califórnia">Califórnia</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Residência </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">Estados Unidos </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Sepultamento </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">Desconhecido </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Nacionalidade </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Povo_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Povo dos Estados Unidos">norte-americano</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Cidadania </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">Estados Unidos </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Cônjuge </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">Margaret Hemingway, Edna Stanton </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;"><i><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></i> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Academia_Naval_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Academia Naval dos Estados Unidos">Academia Naval dos Estados Unidos</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Universidade_Humboldt_de_Berlim" title="Universidade Humboldt de Berlim">Universidade Humboldt de Berlim</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Ocupação </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsico" title="Físico">físico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oficial_(militar)" title="Oficial (militar)">oficial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Professor_universit%C3%A1rio" class="mw-redirect" title="Professor universitário">professor universitário</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Distinções </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Rumford" title="Prêmio Rumford">Prémio Rumford</a> (1888)</span> <br /> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_Matteucci" title="Medalha Matteucci">Medalha Matteucci</a> (1903)</span> <br /> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/20px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/40px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Física">Nobel de Física</a> (1907)</span> <br /> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_Copley" title="Medalha Copley">Medalha Copley</a> (1907)</span> <br /> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_Elliott_Cresson" title="Medalha Elliott Cresson">Medalha Elliott Cresson</a> (1912)</span> <br /> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_Henry_Draper" title="Medalha Henry Draper">Medalha Henry Draper</a> (1916)</span> <br /> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medalha_Alberto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medalha Alberto (página não existe)">Medalha Alberto</a> (1920)</span> <br /> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_e_Pr%C3%AAmio_Faraday#Guthrie_Lecture" title="Medalha e Prêmio Faraday">Guthrie Lecture</a> (1921)</span> <br /> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Jules_Janssen" title="Prêmio Jules Janssen">Prémio Jules Janssen</a> (1922)</span> <br /> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_Franklin" title="Medalha Franklin">Medalha Franklin</a> (1923)</span> <br /> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_de_Ouro_da_Royal_Astronomical_Society" title="Medalha de Ouro da Royal Astronomical Society">Medalha de Ouro da RAS</a> (1923)</span> <br /> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_e_Pr%C3%A9mio_Gabor#Medalha_e_Prémio_Duddel" title="Medalha e Prémio Gabor">Medalha e Prémio Duddel</a> (1929)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Empregador(a) </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Case_Western_Reserve_University" title="Case Western Reserve University">Case Western Reserve University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Chicago" title="Universidade de Chicago">Universidade de Chicago</a>, Universidade Clark </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Orientador(a)(es/s) </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_von_Helmholtz" title="Hermann von Helmholtz">Hermann von Helmholtz</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Orientado(a)(s) </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Robert Andrews Millikan</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Instituições </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Case_Western_Reserve_University" title="Case Western Reserve University">Case Western Reserve University</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universidade_Clark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universidade Clark (página não existe)">Universidade Clark</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Chicago" title="Universidade de Chicago">Universidade de Chicago</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Campo(s) </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física">Física</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Assinatura </th></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;" colspan="2"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Albert_A_Michelson_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Albert_A_Michelson_Signature.svg/220px-Albert_A_Michelson_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Albert_A_Michelson_Signature.svg/330px-Albert_A_Michelson_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Albert_A_Michelson_Signature.svg/440px-Albert_A_Michelson_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="912" data-file-height="186" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:gainsboro"><div style="text-align: right;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127234" class="extiw" title="d:Q127234">edite no Wikidata</a>]</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Albert Abraham Michelson</b> (<a href="/wiki/Strzelno" title="Strzelno">Strzelno</a>, <a href="/wiki/19_de_dezembro" title="19 de dezembro">19 de dezembro</a> de <a href="/wiki/1852_na_ci%C3%AAncia" title="1852 na ciência">1852</a> — <a href="/wiki/Pasadena_(Calif%C3%B3rnia)" title="Pasadena (Califórnia)">Pasadena</a>, <a href="/wiki/9_de_maio" title="9 de maio">9 de maio</a> de <a href="/wiki/1931_na_ci%C3%AAncia" title="1931 na ciência">1931</a>) foi um <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsico" title="Físico">físico</a> <a href="/wiki/Povo_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Povo dos Estados Unidos">norte-americano</a>, mais conhecido por seus trabalhos com a medição da <a href="/wiki/Velocidade_da_luz" title="Velocidade da luz">velocidade da luz</a> e pelo <a href="/wiki/Experi%C3%AAncia_de_Michelson-Morley" title="Experiência de Michelson-Morley">Experimento de Michelson-Morley</a>. Foi o primeiro americano a receber o <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Nobel" title="Prêmio Nobel">Prêmio Nobel</a> em ciências.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> Foi eleito <a href="/wiki/Lista_de_membros_da_Royal_Society_eleitos_em_1902" title="Lista de membros da Royal Society eleitos em 1902">membro da Royal Society em 1902</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vida_e_obra">Vida e obra</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_A._Michelson&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Vida e obra" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_A._Michelson&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Vida e obra"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Albert Abraham Michelson nasceu em <a href="/wiki/Strzelno" title="Strzelno">Strzelno</a>, no antigo <a href="/wiki/Reino_da_Pr%C3%BAssia" title="Reino da Prússia">Reino da Prússia</a>, hoje na <a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%B4nia" class="mw-redirect" title="Polônia">Polônia</a>, filho de um casal de comerciantes judeus. Aos dois anos de idade emigrou, com os pais Samuel e Rosalie, para os Estados Unidos, estabelecendo-se inicialmente em Nova Iorque e, posteriormente migraram para Murphy’s Camp (Califórnia) e Virginia City (Nevada), seguindo os ciclos do ouro e da prata.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> Apesar dos pais serem judeus, a família de Michelson nunca foi muito religiosa; ele próprio foi agnóstico sua vida inteira. </p><p>Em Virginia City, abriram uma pequena loja que se expandiu anos depois, quando retornaram à Califórnia, na cidade de São Francisco. Michelson cresceu em meio à expansão destas cidades mineradoras, estudou em escolas públicas, concluindo os estudos secundários na escola de São Francisco, em 1869. Na época a família de Michelson não tinha condições financeiras para levar os estudos do filho adiante, e por isto, aos 17 anos, ele candidatou-se para o exame de seleção na <a href="/wiki/Academia_Naval_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Academia Naval dos Estados Unidos">Academia Naval dos Estados Unidos</a>, em <a href="/wiki/Annapolis" class="mw-disambig" title="Annapolis">Annapolis</a>. Apesar dos exames favoráveis e muitas cartas de recomendações, não foi aprovado. A persistência, uma das características marcantes de sua vida, o levou a <a href="/wiki/Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington">Washington</a>, onde acabou encontrando casualmente o então presidente <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a>. A sua habilidade e poder de convencimento, junto a vários pontos de conveniência política, impressionaram o presidente, que endereçou uma carta à <a href="/wiki/Academia_Naval_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Academia Naval dos Estados Unidos">Academia Naval dos Estados Unidos</a>, criando uma vaga extra para Michelson. </p><p>Na academia, sua formação foi a tradicional, concluindo seus estudos em 1873 com destaque em ciências e abaixo da média em navegação. Após a formatura, passou dois anos no mar, sendo nomeado, em 1875, instrutor de química e física da Academia Naval de Annapolis, cargo que ocupou até 1879. Após isso, Michelson foi indicado para trabalhar com <a href="/wiki/Simon_Newcomb" title="Simon Newcomb">Simon Newcomb</a> em uma das alas do <a href="/wiki/Observat%C3%B3rio_Naval_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Observatório Naval dos Estados Unidos">Observatório Naval dos Estados Unidos</a>. Em 1877, casou-se com Margaret McLean Hemingway, filha de um rico advogado e corretor da bolsa de Nova York, com quem teve dois filhos e uma filha, porém seu casamento se tornou conturbado e nove anos depois ele casa-se novamente com Edna Stanton, com quem teve um filho e três filhas. </p><p>Ainda em 1877, assiste a uma palestra de <a href="/wiki/Jean_Bernard_L%C3%A9on_Foucault" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Bernard Léon Foucault">Jean Bernard Léon Foucault</a> sobre métodos para determinar a velocidade da luz, acontecimento que marca sua vida. Sentindo necessidade de melhorar o método de Foucault, começou a estudar óptica e passou a dedicar-se à paixão de sua vida: a medição precisa da velocidade da luz. Seu primeiro experimento aconteceu em <a href="/wiki/Annapolis" class="mw-disambig" title="Annapolis">Annapolis</a>, como parte de uma demonstração para seus alunos, enquanto lecionava na Academia Naval. No ano de 1878, com o financiamento do sogro, desenvolve seu projeto encontrando o valor de 300 152 km/s para a velocidade da luz, superando Foucault. </p><p>Em 1879, licencia-se da Marinha Americana e viaja com a esposa Margaret e os filhos para a Europa, passando dois anos em <a href="/wiki/Berlim" title="Berlim">Berlim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a> e <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, concluindo seu doutorado. </p><p>No final do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XIX</span>, a comunidade científica da época considerava a física uma ciência praticamente pronta, havendo apenas algumas arestas que logo seriam aparadas, e dentre estas arestas estava a propagação da luz que ainda não tinha uma explicação satisfatória. A teoria de luz ondulatória estava em alta na época, levando a crer que a luz se propagaria em um fluido de propriedades únicas chamado éter luminífero. </p><p>Em suas viagens a Paris, Michelson conhece <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mascart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mascart (página não existe)">Mascart</a> e <a href="/wiki/Cornu" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornu">Cornu</a>, que o incentivaram na construção de seu interferômetro (com fundos de <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a>) com a finalidade de detectar o éter luminífero. Depois de muitas tentativas com o auxílio do químico <a href="/wiki/Edward_Morley" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Morley">Edward Morley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Experi%C3%AAncia_de_Michelson-Morley" title="Experiência de Michelson-Morley">Experiência de Michelson-Morley</a>), não conseguiram detectar através da luz nenhum movimento da terra em relação ao éter. Michelson sempre considerou que seus testes e resultados foram um fracasso, mesmo no final da vida ele não conseguia acreditar que a luz não fosse uma onda se propagando no éter. </p><p>Após seus estudos na Europa, o cientista americano deixa a <a href="/wiki/Marinha" title="Marinha">Marinha</a> em 1881 e, em 1883, ele aceita um cargo de professor de física em uma Universidade em <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> e se concentra em aprimorar seu <a href="/wiki/Interfer%C3%B4metro_de_Michelson" title="Interferômetro de Michelson">Interferômetro</a>. </p><p>Em 1889, Michelson se torna professor de uma Universidade em <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> e, em 1892, se torna chefe do Departamento de Física da <a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Chicago" title="Universidade de Chicago">Universidade de Chicago</a>. </p><p>Michelson foi o primeiro cientista americano a receber o <a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Física">Nobel de Física</a>, em 1907, por suas contribuições no estudo da luz. Suas descobertas causaram grande agitação nos meios científicos da época. Novas teorias começaram a ser desenvolvidas para explicar os fenômenos ópticos, agora, porém, abandonando o éter; terminaria pela formulação da teoria relativística (Albert Einstein), iniciando uma nova era da física. O cientista americano também ganhou a <a href="/wiki/Medalha_Copley" title="Medalha Copley">Medalha Copley</a> em 1907, a <a href="/wiki/Medalha_Henry_Draper" title="Medalha Henry Draper">Medalha Henry Draper</a> em 1916 e a <a href="/wiki/Medalha_de_Ouro_da_Royal_Astronomical_Society" title="Medalha de Ouro da Royal Astronomical Society">Medalha de Ouro da Royal Astronomical Society</a> em 1923. </p><p>Em 1929, sai da <a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Chicago" title="Universidade de Chicago">Universidade de Chicago</a> e passa a trabalhar no <a href="/wiki/Observat%C3%B3rio_Monte_Wilson" title="Observatório Monte Wilson">Observatório Monte Wilson</a> na <a href="/wiki/Pasadena_(Calif%C3%B3rnia)" title="Pasadena (Califórnia)">Pasadena</a>, local onde veio a falecer em 9 de maio de 1931, deixando alguns trabalhos inacabados. Muitas homenagens lhe foram dadas: a Universidade de Chicago criou a "Casa Michelson", a <a href="/wiki/Academia_Naval_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Academia Naval dos Estados Unidos">Academia Naval dos Estados Unidos</a> nomeou um conjunto de salas de aula em homenagem a Michelson, junto com outras instituições que também expressaram seu agradecimento a esse importante cientista. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Velocidade_da_luz">Velocidade da luz</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_A._Michelson&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Velocidade da luz" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_A._Michelson&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Velocidade da luz"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medições_iniciais"><span id="Medi.C3.A7.C3.B5es_iniciais"></span>Medições iniciais</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_A._Michelson&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Medições iniciais" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_A._Michelson&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Medições iniciais"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Em 1877, enquanto ainda servia como oficial na <a href="/wiki/Marinha_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Marinha dos Estados Unidos">Marinha dos Estados Unidos</a>, Michelson começou a elaborar uma melhoria do método de medição de <a href="/wiki/Jean_Bernard_L%C3%A9on_Foucault" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Bernard Léon Foucault">Jean Bernard Léon Foucault</a>, usando uma óptica mais avançada e uma maior linha de base.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> Seu trabalho era feito com medições preliminares e equipamento improvisado, até que ganhou a atenção de <a href="/wiki/Simon_Newcomb" title="Simon Newcomb">Simon Newcomb</a>, que estava conduzindo um experimento similar. Albert publicou um resultado de (299 910 ± 50) km/s para a velocidade da luz em 1879, logo antes de se unir a Newcomb para ajudá-lo com suas medidas. Com esse projeto mais bem financiado, o resultado de (299 860 ± 30) km/s surgiu e, logo após, a insistência de Michelson o levou a um resultado de (299 853 ± 60) km/s em 1883. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monte_Wilson_e_Lookout_Mountain">Monte Wilson e Lookout Mountain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_A._Michelson&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar secção: Monte Wilson e Lookout Mountain" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_A._Michelson&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Monte Wilson e Lookout Mountain"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Em 1906, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Bennett_Rosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Bennett Rosa (página não existe)">Edward Bennett Rosa</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=N._E._Dorsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N. E. Dorsey (página não existe)">N. E. Dorsey</a> usaram um novo método para a determinação do valor da velocidade da luz, sendo ele um pouco abaixo do achado por Michelson, (299 781 ± 10) km/s. Embora o método tenha sido contestado devido às dúvidas relativas à precisão do instrumento, uma controvérsia se criou. Isso levou Michelson a começar a trabalhar, em 1920, em uma medição definitiva da luz no <a href="/wiki/Observat%C3%B3rio_Monte_Wilson" title="Observatório Monte Wilson">Observatório Monte Wilson</a>, usando a Montanha Lookout como extremidade da linha de base. Uma equipe do governo americano, em 1922, começou as cautelosas medidas (que durariam 2 anos) com as fitas <a href="/wiki/Invar" title="Invar">Invar</a>. Após essas medidas, o novo valor da velocidade da luz se fixou em (299 796 ± 4) km/s. Essas medições se tornaram famosas pelos problemas que ocorreram no processo. A fumaça da queimada das florestas e algumas mudanças das posições de alguns pontos da linha de base são exemplos dos problemas enfrentados pela equipe.<span style="color:gray"><sup>[</sup></span><sup><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes"><span title="Esta afirmação precisa de uma referência para confirmá-la desde julho de 2020." style="color:gray"><i>carece de fontes</i></span></a><span class="printfooter">?</span><span style="color:gray">]</span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Michelson,_Pease_e_Pearson"><span id="Michelson.2C_Pease_e_Pearson"></span>Michelson, Pease e Pearson</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_A._Michelson&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar secção: Michelson, Pease e Pearson" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_A._Michelson&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Michelson, Pease e Pearson"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Com novas tecnologias chegando, o ano de 1927 possibilitou a Michelson fazer seus experimentos relativos à luz com aparelhos eletrônicos, os quais evitavam problemas atmosféricos em geral. Todos os valores medidos a partir daí foram menores que os anteriores encontrados pelo cientista. Dessa vez, Albert formou parceria com <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_G._Pease&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis G. Pease (página não existe)">Francis G. Pease</a> e Fred Pearson e realizou um experimento em um tubo de 1,6 km em <a href="/wiki/Pasadena_(Calif%C3%B3rnia)" title="Pasadena (Califórnia)">Pasadena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calif%C3%B3rnia" title="Califórnia">Califórnia</a>. Michelson morreu com somente 36 de 233 medidas completas, e o resultado de (299 774 ± 11) km/s foi publicado postumamente em 1935, não antes de passar por problemas de instabilidades geológicas.<span style="color:gray"><sup>[</sup></span><sup><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes"><span title="Esta afirmação precisa de uma referência para confirmá-la desde julho de 2020." style="color:gray"><i>carece de fontes</i></span></a><span class="printfooter">?</span><span style="color:gray">]</span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interferometria">Interferometria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_A._Michelson&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar secção: Interferometria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_A._Michelson&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Interferometria"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Em 1887, Albert trabalhou em conjunto com <a href="/wiki/Edward_Morley" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Morley">Edward Morley</a> na <a href="/wiki/Experi%C3%AAncia_de_Michelson-Morley" title="Experiência de Michelson-Morley">Experiência de Michelson-Morley</a>, que tinha como objetivo provar a existência do <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ter_lumin%C3%ADfero" title="Éter luminífero">Éter luminífero</a>. O experimento, no entanto, não deu resultados, sendo assim repetido pelos cientistas cada vez com maior precisão ao longo dos anos, sem frutos significativos. O desfecho da experiência de Michelson-Morley teve grande influência na Física, visto que derrubou a teoria do éter e serviu de base para importantes teorias, como as <a href="/wiki/Equa%C3%A7%C3%B5es_de_Lorenz" class="mw-redirect" title="Equações de Lorenz">Equações de Lorenz</a> e a <a href="/wiki/Teoria_da_Relatividade" class="mw-redirect" title="Teoria da Relatividade">Teoria da Relatividade</a> de <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>. Entretanto, há discussões a respeito do conhecimento do experimento por Einstein na hora da formulação de sua teoria.<span style="color:gray"><sup>[</sup></span><sup><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes"><span title="Esta afirmação precisa de uma referência para confirmá-la desde julho de 2020." style="color:gray"><i>carece de fontes</i></span></a><span class="printfooter">?</span><span style="color:gray">]</span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interferometria_astronômica"><span id="Interferometria_astron.C3.B4mica"></span>Interferometria astronômica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_A._Michelson&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editar secção: Interferometria astronômica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_A._Michelson&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Interferometria astronômica"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Entre 1920 e 1921, Michelson e Pease se tornaram os primeiros indivíduos a medir o diâmetro de uma estrela que não fosse o sol. Para isso, eles utilizaram um <a href="/wiki/Interfer%C3%B4metro" title="Interferômetro">interferômetro</a> <a href="/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia">astronômico</a> no <a href="/wiki/Observat%C3%B3rio_Monte_Wilson" title="Observatório Monte Wilson">Observatório Monte Wilson</a> e, então, foi determinado o diâmetro da estrela gigante <a href="/wiki/Betelgeuse" title="Betelgeuse">Betelgeuse</a>. Após isso, a tarefa de medir diâmetros estelares e separações de estrelas binárias tomou uma grande parte da vida de Albert. Até hoje, seu interferômetro é um dos principais meios de medir distâncias espaciais e diâmetros estelares.<span style="color:gray"><sup>[</sup></span><sup><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes"><span title="Esta afirmação precisa de uma referência para confirmá-la desde julho de 2020." style="color:gray"><i>carece de fontes</i></span></a><span class="printfooter">?</span><span style="color:gray">]</span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prémios_e_honrarias"><span id="Pr.C3.A9mios_e_honrarias"></span>Prémios e honrarias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_A._Michelson&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editar secção: Prémios e honrarias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_A._Michelson&action=edit&section=8" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Prémios e honrarias"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul><li>1888 - <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Rumford" title="Prêmio Rumford">Prémio Rumford</a><sup id="cite_ref-P_Rumford_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P_Rumford-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1903 - <a href="/wiki/Medalha_Matteucci" title="Medalha Matteucci">Medalha Matteucci</a><sup id="cite_ref-M_Matteucci_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M_Matteucci-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1907 - <a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Física">Nobel de Física</a><sup id="cite_ref-NobelFis_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NobelFis-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1907 - <a href="/wiki/Medalha_Copley" title="Medalha Copley">Medalha Copley</a><sup id="cite_ref-MCopl_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MCopl-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1912 - <a href="/wiki/Medalha_Elliott_Cresson" title="Medalha Elliott Cresson">Medalha Elliott Cresson</a><sup id="cite_ref-MEC_1909_1912_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MEC_1909_1912-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1916 - <a href="/wiki/Medalha_Henry_Draper" title="Medalha Henry Draper">Medalha Henry Draper</a><sup id="cite_ref-M_H_Draper_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M_H_Draper-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1920 - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Medalha_Alberto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medalha Alberto (página não existe)">Medalha Alberto</a></li> <li>1921 - <a href="/wiki/Medalha_e_Pr%C3%AAmio_Faraday#Guthrie_Lecture" title="Medalha e Prêmio Faraday">Guthrie Lecture</a></li> <li>1922 - <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Jules_Janssen" title="Prêmio Jules Janssen">Prémio Jules Janssen</a><sup id="cite_ref-P_J_Janssen_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P_J_Janssen-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1923 - <a href="/wiki/Medalha_Franklin" title="Medalha Franklin">Medalha Franklin</a><sup id="cite_ref-M_Frankl_18_26_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M_Frankl_18_26-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1923 - <a href="/wiki/Medalha_de_Ouro_da_Royal_Astronomical_Society" title="Medalha de Ouro da Royal Astronomical Society">Medalha de Ouro da Royal Astronomical Society</a><sup id="cite_ref-M_O_R_Astro_S_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M_O_R_Astro_S-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1929 - <a href="/wiki/Medalha_e_Pr%C3%A9mio_Gabor#Medalha_e_Prémio_Duddel" title="Medalha e Prémio Gabor">Medalha e Prémio Duddel</a><sup id="cite_ref-M_P-Gabor_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M_P-Gabor-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ver_também"><span id="Ver_tamb.C3.A9m"></span>Ver também</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_A._Michelson&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Editar secção: Ver também" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_A._Michelson&action=edit&section=9" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ver também"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Experi%C3%AAncia_de_Michelson-Morley" title="Experiência de Michelson-Morley">Experiência de Michelson-Morley</a></li></ul> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aip.org/history/gap/Michelson/Michelson.html">«Albert Abraham Michelson 1852-1931»</a> (em inglês)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+A.+Michelson&rft.btitle=Albert+Abraham+Michelson+1852-1931&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aip.org%2Fhistory%2Fgap%2FMichelson%2FMichelson.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aip.org/history/gap/Michelson/Michelson.html">«ALBERT ABRAHAM MICHELSON1852-1931»</a> (em inglês). AIP.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 16 de agosto de 2012</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+A.+Michelson&rft.btitle=ALBERT+ABRAHAM+MICHELSON1852-1931&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=AIP.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aip.org%2Fhistory%2Fgap%2FMichelson%2FMichelson.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Michelson, Albert A. (20 de fevereiro de 1880). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/11753/11753-h/11753-h.htm"><i>Experimental Determination of the Velocity of Light</i></a> (em inglês). Washington, D.C.: Nautical Almanac Office</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+A.+Michelson&rft.aufirst=Albert+A.&rft.aulast=Michelson&rft.btitle=Experimental+Determination+of+the+Velocity+of+Light&rft.date=1880-02-20&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Nautical+Almanac+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Ffiles%2F11753%2F11753-h%2F11753-h.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-P_Rumford-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-P_Rumford_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amacad.org/content/about/about.aspx?d=17&t=4&s=0">«Recipients of the Rumford Prize»</a> (em inglês). American Academy of Arts & Sciences<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 8 de outubro de 2016</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161008175245/https://www.amacad.org/content/about/about.aspx?d=17&t=4&s=0">Cópia arquivada em 8 de outubro de 2016</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+A.+Michelson&rft.btitle=Recipients+of+the+Rumford+Prize&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=American+Academy+of+Arts+%26+Sciences&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fcontent%2Fabout%2Fabout.aspx%3Fd%3D17%26t%3D4%26s%3D0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-M_Matteucci-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-M_Matteucci_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accademiaxl.it/medaglia-matteucci/">«Metteucci Medal»</a> (em italiano). Accademia Nazional della Scienze<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 18 de outubro de 2016</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170930175502/http://www.accademiaxl.it/medaglia-matteucci/">Cópia arquivada em 30 de setembro de 2017</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+A.+Michelson&rft.btitle=Metteucci+Medal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Accademia+Nazional+della+Scienze&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.accademiaxl.it%2Fmedaglia-matteucci%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NobelFis-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NobelFis_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/index.html">«All Nobel Prizes in Physics»</a> (em inglês). 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 22 de agosto de 2017</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171022131012/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/index.html">Cópia arquivada em 22 de agosto de 2017</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+A.+Michelson&rft.btitle=All+Nobel+Prizes+in+Physics&rft.date=2017&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fphysics%2Flaureates%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MCopl-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-MCopl_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1dsunM9ukGLgaW3HdG9cvJ_QKd7pWjGI0qi_fCb1ROD4/pubhtml?gid=1336391689&single=true">«Award winners : Copley Medal»</a> (em inglês). The Royal Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 20 de novembro de 2017</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171027230303/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1dsunM9ukGLgaW3HdG9cvJ_QKd7pWjGI0qi_fCb1ROD4/pubhtml?gid=1336391689&single=true">Cópia arquivada em 27 de outubro de 2017</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+A.+Michelson&rft.btitle=Award+winners+%3A+Copley+Medal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Royal+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.google.com%2Fspreadsheets%2Fd%2F1dsunM9ukGLgaW3HdG9cvJ_QKd7pWjGI0qi_fCb1ROD4%2Fpubhtml%3Fgid%3D1336391689%26single%3Dtrue&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MEC_1909_1912-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-MEC_1909_1912_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fi.edu/laureates-search?field_subject_tid=All&field_award_tid=45&field_year_value=1875&field_year_value_1=2015&page=8">«Laureates»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(pdf)</span> (em inglês). The Franklin Institute<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 1 de julho de 2015</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150701141412/https://www.fi.edu/laureates-search?field_subject_tid=All&field_award_tid=45&field_year_value=1875&field_year_value_1=2015&page=8">Cópia arquivada em 1 de julho de 2015</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+A.+Michelson&rft.btitle=Laureates&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Franklin+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fi.edu%2Flaureates-search%3Ffield_subject_tid%3DAll%26field_award_tid%3D45%26field_year_value%3D1875%26field_year_value_1%3D2015%26page%3D8&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-M_H_Draper-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-M_H_Draper_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasonline.org/programs/awards/henry-draper-medal.html">«Henry Draper Medal»</a> (em inglês). National Academy of Sciences<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 24 de novembro de 2017</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170607043343/http://www.nasonline.org/programs/awards/henry-draper-medal.html">Cópia arquivada em 7 de junho de 2017</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+A.+Michelson&rft.btitle=Henry+Draper+Medal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasonline.org%2Fprograms%2Fawards%2Fhenry-draper-medal.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-P_J_Janssen-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-P_J_Janssen_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://saf-astronomie.fr/prix-janssen/">«Prix Janssen / Liste des lauréats du Prix Janssen depuis son origine»</a> (em francês)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 21 de novembro de 2017</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171121154650/https://saf-astronomie.fr/prix-janssen/">Cópia arquivada em 21 de novembro de 2017</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+A.+Michelson&rft.btitle=Prix+Janssen+%2F+Liste+des+laur%C3%A9ats+du+Prix+Janssen+depuis+son+origine&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsaf-astronomie.fr%2Fprix-janssen%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-M_Frankl_18_26-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-M_Frankl_18_26_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fi.edu/laureates-search?field_subject_tid=All&field_award_tid=62&field_year_value=1915&field_year_value_1=1997&page=5">«Franklin Laureats»</a> (em inglês). The Franklin Institute<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 9 de outubro de 2016</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161009221335/https://www.fi.edu/laureates-search?field_subject_tid=All&field_award_tid=62&field_year_value=1915&field_year_value_1=1997&page=5">Cópia arquivada em 9 de outubro de 2016</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+A.+Michelson&rft.btitle=Franklin+Laureats&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Franklin+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fi.edu%2Flaureates-search%3Ffield_subject_tid%3DAll%26field_award_tid%3D62%26field_year_value%3D1915%26field_year_value_1%3D1997%26page%3D5&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-M_O_R_Astro_S-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-M_O_R_Astro_S_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ras.org.uk/awards-and-grants/awards/241-lists-of-medalists-prize-winners-and-lecturers">«Gold Medal Winners»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(pdf)</span> (em inglês). Royal Astronomical Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 17 de novembro de 2017</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170915160344/http://www.ras.org.uk/awards-and-grants/awards/241-lists-of-medalists-prize-winners-and-lecturers">Cópia arquivada em 15 de setembro de 2017</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+A.+Michelson&rft.btitle=Gold+Medal+Winners&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Royal+Astronomical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ras.org.uk%2Fawards-and-grants%2Fawards%2F241-lists-of-medalists-prize-winners-and-lecturers&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-M_P-Gabor-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-M_P-Gabor_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iop.org/about/awards/subject/gabor/medallists/page_38547.html">«Gabor medal recipients»</a> (em inglês). Institute of Physics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 25 de novembro de 2017</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171113221911/http://www.iop.org/about/awards/subject/gabor/medallists/page_38547.html">Cópia arquivada em 13 de novembro de 2017</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+A.+Michelson&rft.btitle=Gabor+medal+recipients&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Institute+of+Physics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iop.org%2Fabout%2Fawards%2Fsubject%2Fgabor%2Fmedallists%2Fpage_38547.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_A._Michelson&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Editar secção: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_A._Michelson&action=edit&section=10" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Bibliografia"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">M. D. Livingston (1973). <i>The Master of Light: A Biography of Albert A. Michelson</i> (em inglês). [S.l.: s.n.] <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-226-48711-3" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-226-48711-3">0-226-48711-3</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+A.+Michelson&rft.au=M.+D.+Livingston&rft.btitle=The+Master+of+Light%3A+A+Biography+of+Albert+A.+Michelson&rft.date=1973&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-226-48711-3&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Harriet Lane Levy (1996). <i>920 O'Farrell Street</i> (em inglês). Berkeley: [s.n.] <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-930588-91-6" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-930588-91-6">0-930588-91-6</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+A.+Michelson&rft.au=Harriet+Lane+Levy&rft.btitle=920+O%27Farrell+Street&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-930588-91-6&rft.place=Berkeley&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligações_externas"><span id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"></span>Ligações externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_A._Michelson&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_A._Michelson&action=edit&section=11" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ligações externas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox noprint" style="width:250px; line-height:2.2em; font-size:90%"> <tbody><tr style="line-height:1.3em"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Outros projetos <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikimedia">Wikimedia</a> também contêm material sobre este tema: </td></tr> <tr> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/32px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </th> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Albert_Abraham_Michelson" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Category:Albert Abraham Michelson"><span title="Procurar pelas categorias no Commons"><b>Categoria</b></span></a> no <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1gina_principal" class="extiw" title="commons:Página principal"><span title="Commons">Commons</span></a> </td></tr> </tbody></table><div id="interProject" style="display:none;"> <ul><li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Albert_Abraham_Michelson" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Category:Albert Abraham Michelson"><span title="Commons (categoria)">Commons</span></a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/11">Albert A. Michelson</a> em Nobelprize.org</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=72170&fChrono=1">Albert A. Michelson</a> (em inglês) no <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1907/">«Perfil no sítio oficial do Nobel de Física 1907»</a> (em inglês)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+A.+Michelson&rft.btitle=Perfil+no+s%C3tio+oficial+do+Nobel+de+F%C3sica+1907&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fphysics%2Flaureates%2F1907%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <p>  </p><table class="toccolours" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin:0 auto; font-size: 90%;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Precedido por<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Henry_Augustus_Rowland" title="Henry Augustus Rowland">Henry Augustus Rowland</a></b></td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> <b><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/American_Physical_Society" title="American Physical Society">Presidente da American Physical Society</a></span></b><br />1901 — 1902</td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Sucedido por<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Gordon_Webster" title="Arthur Gordon Webster">Arthur Gordon Webster</a></b></td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Precedido por<br /><b><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a></span></b></td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> <b><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_Matteucci" title="Medalha Matteucci">Medalha Matteucci</a></span></b><br />1903</td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Sucedido por<br /><b><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a> e <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">Pierre Curie</a></span></b></td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Precedido por<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">Joseph John Thomson</a></b></td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Física">Nobel de Física</a></b><br />1907</td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Sucedido por<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann">Gabriel Lippmann</a></b></td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Precedido por<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Ilya_Ilyich_Mechnikov" title="Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov">Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov</a></b></td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Medalha_Copley" title="Medalha Copley">Medalha Copley</a></b><br />1907</td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Sucedido por<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Alfred Russel Wallace</a></b></td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Precedido por<br /><b><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Modjeski" title="Ralph Modjeski">Ralph Modjeski</a> e <a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">Joseph John Thomson</a></span></b></td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Medalha_Franklin" title="Medalha Franklin">Medalha Franklin</a></b><br />1923<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;">com <a href="/wiki/Gustave-Auguste_Ferri%C3%A9" title="Gustave-Auguste Ferrié">Gustave-Auguste Ferrié</a></span></td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Sucedido por<br /><b><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a> e <a href="/wiki/Edward_Weston_(qu%C3%ADmico)" title="Edward Weston (químico)">Edward Weston</a></span></b></td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Precedido por<br /><b><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/James_Hopwood_Jeans" class="mw-redirect" title="James Hopwood Jeans">James Hopwood Jeans</a></span></b></td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> <b><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_de_Ouro_da_Royal_Astronomical_Society" title="Medalha de Ouro da Royal Astronomical Society">Medalha de Ouro da Royal Astronomical Society</a></span></b><br />1923</td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Sucedido por<br /><b><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Stanley_Eddington" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Stanley Eddington">Arthur Stanley Eddington</a></span></b></td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Precedido por<br /><b><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Doolittle_Walcott" title="Charles Doolittle Walcott">Charles Doolittle Walcott</a></span></b></td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> <b><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Academia_Nacional_de_Ci%C3%AAncias_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Academia Nacional de Ciências dos Estados Unidos">Presidente da Academia Nacional de Ciências dos Estados Unidos</a></span></b><br />1923</td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Sucedido por<br /><b><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan">Thomas Hunt Morgan</a></span></b></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidentes_da_American_Physical_Society" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Presidentes_da_American_Physical_Society" title="Predefinição:Presidentes da American Physical Society"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Presidentes_da_American_Physical_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Presidentes da American Physical Society (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Presidentes_da_American_Physical_Society&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidentes_da_American_Physical_Society" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_Physical_Society" title="American Physical Society">Presidentes da American Physical Society</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1899–1925</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Augustus_Rowland" title="Henry Augustus Rowland">Henry Augustus Rowland</a> (1899)</li><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Albert A. Michelson</a> (1901)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Gordon_Webster" title="Arthur Gordon Webster">Arthur Gordon Webster</a> (1903)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Barus" title="Carl Barus">Carl Barus</a> (1905)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Leamington_Nichols" title="Edward Leamington Nichols">Edward Leamington Nichols</a> (1907)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Crew" title="Henry Crew">Henry Crew</a> (1909)</li><li><a href="/wiki/William_Francis_Magie" title="William Francis Magie">William Francis Magie</a> (1911)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Osgood_Peirce" title="Benjamin Osgood Peirce">Benjamin Osgood Peirce</a> (1913)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Merritt" title="Ernest Merritt">Ernest Merritt</a> (1914)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Robert Andrews Millikan</a> (1916)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Andrews_Bumstead" title="Henry Andrews Bumstead">Henry A. Bumstead</a> (1918)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Sweetman_Ames" title="Joseph Sweetman Ames">Joseph Sweetman Ames</a> (1919)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Lyman" title="Theodore Lyman">Theodore Lyman</a> (1921)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Corwin_Mendenhall" title="Thomas Corwin Mendenhall">Thomas Corwin Mendenhall</a> (1923)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Dayton_Miller" title="Dayton Miller">Dayton Miller</a> (1925)</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Taylor_Compton" title="Karl Taylor Compton">Karl Taylor Compton</a> (1927)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Gale" title="Henry Gale">Henry Gale</a> (1929)</li><li><a href="/wiki/William_Francis_Gray_Swann" title="William Francis Gray Swann">William Francis Gray Swann</a> (1931)</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_D._Foote&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul D. Foote (página não existe)">Paul D. Foote</a> (1933)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Compton" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Compton">Arthur Compton</a> (1934)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Wood" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert W. Wood">Robert W. Wood</a> (1935)</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Floyd_K._Richtmyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Floyd K. Richtmyer (página não existe)">Floyd K. Richtmyer</a> (1936)</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harrison_M._Randall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harrison M. Randall (página não existe)">Harrison M. Randall</a> (1937)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_James_Briggs" title="Lyman James Briggs">Lyman James Briggs</a> (1938)</li><li><a href="/wiki/John_Tate" title="John Tate">John Tate</a> (1939)</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Zeleny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Zeleny (página não existe)">John Zeleny</a> (1940)</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_B._Pegram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George B. Pegram (página não existe)">George B. Pegram</a> (1941)</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_W._Stewart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George W. Stewart (página não existe)">George Stewart</a> (1941)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman">Percy Williams Bridgman</a> (1942)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Hull" title="Albert Hull">Albert Hull</a> (1943)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Jeffrey_Dempster" title="Arthur Jeffrey Dempster">Arthur Jeffrey Dempster</a> (1944)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Fletcher" title="Harvey Fletcher">Harvey Fletcher</a> (1945)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Condon" title="Edward Condon">Edward Condon</a> (1946)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Alvin_DuBridge" title="Lee Alvin DuBridge">Lee Alvin DuBridge</a> (1947)</li><li><a href="/wiki/J._Robert_Oppenheimer" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Robert Oppenheimer">J. Robert Oppenheimer</a> (1948)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Wheeler_Loomis" title="Francis Wheeler Loomis">Francis Wheeler Loomis</a> (1949)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Isidor Isaac Rabi</a> (1950)</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Christian_Lauritsen" title="Charles Christian Lauritsen">Charles Christian Lauritsen</a> (1951)</li><li><a href="/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck" title="John Hasbrouck Van Vleck">John Hasbrouck Van Vleck</a> (1952)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a> (1953)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">H. Bethe</a> (1954)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Thayer_Birge" title="Raymond Thayer Birge">Raymond Thayer Birge</a> (1955)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">E. Wigner</a> (1956)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_DeWolf_Smyth" title="Henry DeWolf Smyth">Henry DeWolf Smyth</a> (1957)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Beams" title="Jesse Beams">Jesse Beams</a> (1958)</li><li><a href="/wiki/George_Uhlenbeck" class="mw-redirect" title="George Uhlenbeck">George Uhlenbeck</a> (1959)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Weisskopf" title="Victor Weisskopf">Victor Weisskopf</a> (1960)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Seitz" title="Frederick Seitz">Frederick Seitz</a> (1961)</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_V._Houston&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William V. Houston (página não existe)">William V. Houston</a> (1962)</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Harry_Williams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Harry Williams (página não existe)">John Harry Williams</a> (1963)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bacher" title="Robert Bacher">Robert Bacher</a> (1964)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Felix Bloch</a> (1965)</li><li><a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_Wheeler" title="John Archibald Wheeler">John Archibald Wheeler</a> (1966)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles H. Townes">Charles H. Townes</a> (1967)</li><li><a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a> (1968)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Luis Walter Alvarez</a> (1969)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Edward Mills Purcell</a> (1970)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Serber" title="Robert Serber">Robert Serber</a> (1971)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_M._Morse" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip M. Morse">Philip M. Morse</a> (1972)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Edward_Mayer" title="Joseph Edward Mayer">Joseph Edward Mayer</a> (1973)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Panofsky" title="Wolfgang Panofsky">Wolfgang Panofsky</a> (1974)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Chien-Shiung Wu</a> (1975)</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">William A. Fowler</a> (1976)</li><li><a href="/wiki/George_Pake" title="George Pake">George Pake</a> (1977)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster_Ramsey" title="Norman Foster Ramsey">Norman Foster Ramsey</a> (1978)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Branscomb" title="Lewis Branscomb">Lewis Branscomb</a> (1979)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Feshbach" title="Herman Feshbach">Herman Feshbach</a> (1980)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schawlow" title="Arthur Schawlow">Arthur Schawlow</a> (1981)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Goldhaber" title="Maurice Goldhaber">Maurice Goldhaber</a> (1982)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Marshak" title="Robert Marshak">Robert Marshak</a> (1983)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Dresselhaus" title="Mildred Dresselhaus">Mildred Dresselhaus</a> (1984)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rathbun_Wilson" title="Robert Rathbun Wilson">Robert Rathbun Wilson</a> (1985)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Drell" title="Sidney Drell">Sidney Drell</a> (1986)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Val Logsdon Fitch</a> (1987)</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_A._Krumhansl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James A. Krumhansl (página não existe)">James A. Krumhansl</a> (1989)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Merzbacher" title="Eugen Merzbacher">Eugen Merzbacher</a> (1990)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Nicolaas Bloembergen</a> (1991)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Henley" title="Ernest Henley">Ernest Henley</a> (1992)</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_N._Langenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald N. Langenberg (página não existe)">Donald N. Langenberg</a> (1993)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Burton Richter</a> (1994)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Kumar_Patel" title="Chandra Kumar Patel">Chandra Kumar Patel</a> (1995)</li><li><a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">J.R. Schrieffer</a> (1996)</li><li><a href="/wiki/D._Allan_Bromley" class="mw-redirect" title="D. Allan Bromley">D. Allan Bromley</a> (1997)</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Sessler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew Sessler (página não existe)">Andrew Sessler</a> (1998)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman" title="Jerome Isaac Friedman">Jerome Isaac Friedman</a> (1999)</li><li><a href="/wiki/James_Langer" title="James Langer">James S. Langer</a> (2000)</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–Presente</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Trilling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Trilling (página não existe)">George Trilling</a> (2001)</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_F._Brinkman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William F. Brinkman (página não existe)">William F. Brinkman</a> (2002)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Myriam_Sarachik" title="Myriam Sarachik">Myriam Sarachik</a> (2003)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Quinn" title="Helen Quinn">Helen Quinn</a> (2004)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Cohen" title="Marvin Cohen">Marvin Cohen</a> (2005)</li><li><a href="/wiki/John_Hopfield" title="John Hopfield">John Hopfield</a> (2006)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Kadanoff" title="Leo Kadanoff">Leo Kadanoff</a> (2007)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Bienenstock" title="Arthur Bienenstock">Arthur Bienenstock</a> (2008)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_Ann_Murray" title="Cherry Ann Murray">Cherry Ann Murray</a> (2009)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Callan" title="Curtis Callan">Curtis Callan</a> (2010)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" class="mw-redirect" title="Barry Barish">Barry Barish</a> (2011)</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_L._Byer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert L. Byer (página não existe)">Robert L. Byer</a> (2012)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stanley_Turner" title="Michael Stanley Turner">Michael Stanley Turner</a> (2013)</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malcolm_Beasley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malcolm Beasley (página não existe)">Malcolm R. Beasley</a> (2014)</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam_Aronson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sam Aronson (página não existe)">Sam Aronson</a> (2015)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Homer_Neal" title="Homer Neal">Homer Neal</a> (2016)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Greene" title="Laura Greene">Laura Greene</a> (2017)</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Falcone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger Falcone (página não existe)">Roger Falcone</a> (2018)</li><li><a href="/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross">David Gross</a> (2019)</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_H._Bucksbaum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip H. Bucksbaum (página não existe)">Philip H. Bucksbaum</a> (2020)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_James_Gates" title="Sylvester James Gates">Sylvester James Gates Jr.</a> (2021)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Hellman" title="Frances Hellman">Frances Hellman</a> (2022)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rosner" title="Robert Rosner">Robert Rosner</a> (2023)</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Medalha_Matteucci_(1868–2021)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_Matteucci" title="Predefinição:Medalha Matteucci"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Medalha_Matteucci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Medalha Matteucci (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_Matteucci&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Medalha_Matteucci_(1868–2021)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_Matteucci" title="Medalha Matteucci">Medalha Matteucci</a> (1868–2021)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1868: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_von_Helmholtz" title="Hermann von Helmholtz">Hermann von Helmholtz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1875: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Victor_Regnault" title="Henri Victor Regnault">Henri Victor Regnault</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1876: <a href="/wiki/William_Thomson" title="William Thomson">William Thomson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1877: <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Kirchhoff" title="Gustav Kirchhoff">Gustav Kirchhoff</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1878: <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Wiedemann" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustav Wiedemann">Gustav Wiedemann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1879: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Eduard_Weber" title="Wilhelm Eduard Weber">Wilhelm Eduard Weber</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1880: <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Pacinotti" title="Antônio Pacinotti">Antônio Pacinotti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1881: <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Villari" title="Emilio Villari">Emilio Villari</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1882: <a href="/wiki/Augusto_Righi" title="Augusto Righi">Augusto Righi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1887: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1888: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Hertz" title="Heinrich Hertz">Heinrich Hertz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1894: <a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt" title="John William Strutt">John William Strutt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1895: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Augustus_Rowland" title="Henry Augustus Rowland">Henry Augustus Rowland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1896: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Conrad_R%C3%B6ntgen" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen">Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen</a> e <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Lenard" title="Philipp Lenard">Philipp Lenard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1901: <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1903: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Abraham Michelson">Albert Abraham Michelson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1904: <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a> e <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">Pierre Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1905: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Henri Poincaré">Henri Poincaré</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/James_Dewar" title="James Dewar">James Dewar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1907: <a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">William Ramsay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1908: <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Garbasso" title="Antônio Garbasso">Antônio Garbasso</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/Orso_Mario_Corbino" title="Orso Mario Corbino">Orso Mario Corbino</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Heike Kamerlingh Onnes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1911: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin">Jean Baptiste Perrin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Pieter Zeeman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1913: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1914: <a href="/wiki/Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">Max von Laue</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1915: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Stark" title="Johannes Stark">Johannes Stark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1915: <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">William Henry Bragg</a> e <a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" title="William Lawrence Bragg">William Lawrence Bragg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1917: <a href="/wiki/Antonino_Lo_Surdo" title="Antonino Lo Surdo">Antonino Lo Surdo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1918: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Williams_Wood" title="Robert Williams Wood">Robert Williams Wood</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1919: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Moseley" title="Henry Moseley">Henry Moseley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1923: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1924: <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Sommerfeld" title="Arnold Sommerfeld">Arnold Sommerfeld</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Robert Andrews Millikan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Erwin Schrödinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1928: <a href="/wiki/Chandrasekhara_Venkata_Raman" title="Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman">Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Werner Heisenberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Holly_Compton" title="Arthur Holly Compton">Arthur Holly Compton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1931: <a href="/wiki/Franco_Rasetti" title="Franco Rasetti">Franco Rasetti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1932: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">Frédéric Joliot-Curie</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie" title="Irène Joliot-Curie">Irène Joliot-Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1956: <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Wolfgang Pauli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Touschek" title="Bruno Touschek">Bruno Touschek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Abdus Salam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Luciano_Maiani" title="Luciano Maiani">Luciano Maiani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Gian_Carlo_Wick" title="Gian Carlo Wick">Gian Carlo Wick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Peierls" title="Rudolf Peierls">Rudolf Peierls</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Casimir" title="Hendrik Casimir">Hendrik Casimir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">Pierre-Gilles de Gennes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Lev_Okun" title="Lev Okun">Lev Okun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Freeman_Dyson" title="Freeman Dyson">Freeman Dyson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Jack Steinberger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Rossi" title="Bruno Rossi">Bruno Rossi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Anatole_Abragam" title="Anatole Abragam">Anatole Abragam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_Wheeler" title="John Archibald Wheeler">John Archibald Wheeler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji">Claude Cohen-Tannoudji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee" title="Tsung-Dao Lee">Tsung-Dao Lee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Panofsky" title="Wolfgang Panofsky">Wolfgang Panofsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Oreste_Piccioni" title="Oreste Piccioni">Oreste Piccioni</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_H%C3%A4nsch" title="Theodor Hänsch">Theodor Hänsch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/Nicola_Cabibbo" title="Nicola Cabibbo">Nicola Cabibbo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Cardona" title="Manuel Cardona">Manuel Cardona</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/David_Ruelle" title="David Ruelle">David Ruelle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Bellettini" title="Giorgio Bellettini">Giorgio Bellettini</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/Adalberto_Giazotto" title="Adalberto Giazotto">Adalberto Giazotto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Marco_Tavani" title="Marco Tavani">Marco Tavani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gianluigi_Fogli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gianluigi Fogli (página não existe)">Gianluigi Fogli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019: <a href="/wiki/Federico_Capasso" title="Federico Capasso">Federico Capasso</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2020: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Massimo_Inguscio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massimo Inguscio (página não existe)">Massimo Inguscio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2021: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amos_Maritan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amos Maritan (página não existe)">Amos Maritan</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nobel_de_Física" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica" title="Predefinição:Nobel de Física"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Nobel de Física (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nobel_de_Física" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Física">Nobel de Física</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1901: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Conrad_R%C3%B6ntgen" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen">Röntgen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1902: <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Lorentz</a> e <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Zeeman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1903: <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Henri_Becquerel" title="Antoine Henri Becquerel">Becquerel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">P. Curie</a> e <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">M. Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1904: <a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt" title="John William Strutt">Strutt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1905: <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Eduard_Anton_von_Lenard" class="mw-redirect" title="Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard">Lenard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">J. J. Thompson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1907: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Abraham Michelson">Michelson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1908: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann">Lippmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Marconi</a> e <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Braun" title="Karl Ferdinand Braun">Braun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">Van der Waals</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1911: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien" title="Wilhelm Wien">Wien</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Nils_Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n" title="Nils Gustaf Dalén">Dalén</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1913: <a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Kamerlingh Onnes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1914: <a href="/wiki/Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">Laue</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1915: <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">W. H. Bragg</a> e <a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" title="William Lawrence Bragg">W. L. Bragg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1917: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla" title="Charles Glover Barkla">Barkla</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1918: <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Planck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1919: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Stark" title="Johannes Stark">Stark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/Charles_%C3%89douard_Guillaume" title="Charles Édouard Guillaume">Guillaume</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">N. Bohr</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1923: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Millikan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1924: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Siegbahn" title="Karl Siegbahn">Siegbahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/James_Franck" title="James Franck">Franck</a> e <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz">Hertz</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin">Perrin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Holly_Compton" title="Arthur Holly Compton">Compton</a> e <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">C. Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1928: <a href="/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson" title="Owen Willans Richardson">O. W. Richardson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">Broglie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/Chandrasekhara_Venkata_Raman" title="Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman">Raman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1932: <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Heisenberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1933: <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Schrödinger</a> e <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Dirac</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">Chadwick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Franz_Hess" title="Victor Franz Hess">Hess</a> e <a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">C. D. Anderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Davisson" title="Clinton Davisson">Davisson</a> e <a href="/wiki/George_Paget_Thomson" title="George Paget Thomson">Thomson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Fermi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1939: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Orlando_Lawrence" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest Orlando Lawrence">Lawrence</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1943: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Stern" title="Otto Stern">Stern</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Rabi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Pauli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1946: <a href="/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman">Bridgman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1947: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Victor Appleton">Appleton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1948: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Maynard_Stuart_Blackett" title="Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett">Blackett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa" title="Hideki Yukawa">Yukawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Frank_Powell" title="Cecil Frank Powell">Powell</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/John_Douglas_Cockcroft" class="mw-redirect" title="John Douglas Cockcroft">Cockcroft</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Thomas_Sinton_Walton" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton">Walton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Bloch</a> e <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Purcell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/Frits_Zernike" title="Frits Zernike">Zernike</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Born</a> e <a href="/wiki/Walther_Bothe" title="Walther Bothe">Bothe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1955: <a href="/wiki/Willis_Eugene_Lamb" title="Willis Eugene Lamb">Lamb</a> e <a href="/wiki/Polykarp_Kusch" title="Polykarp Kusch">Kusch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1956: <a href="/wiki/William_Bradford_Shockley" title="William Bradford Shockley">Shockley</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a> e <a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Brattain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Chen_Ning_Yang" title="Chen Ning Yang">Yang</a> e <a href="/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee" title="Tsung-Dao Lee">T.-D. Lee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Cherenkov" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavel Cherenkov">Cherenkov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illia_Mikhailovich_Frank" class="mw-redirect" title="Illia Mikhailovich Frank">Frank</a> e <a href="/wiki/Igor_Yevgenyevich_Tamm" class="mw-redirect" title="Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm">Tamm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Gino_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Gino Segrè">Segrè</a> e <a href="/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain" title="Owen Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Arthur_Glaser" title="Donald Arthur Glaser">Glaser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Hofstadter</a> e <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_M%C3%B6ssbauer" title="Rudolf Mössbauer">Mössbauer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Lev_Landau" title="Lev Landau">Landau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Paul_Wigner" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Paul Wigner">Wigner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer">Goeppert-Mayer</a> e <a href="/wiki/J._Hans_D._Jensen" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Hans D. Jensen">Jensen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1964: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes">Townes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicolay_Basov" title="Nicolay Basov">Basov</a> e <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Prokhorov" title="Aleksandr Prokhorov">Prokhorov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1965: <a href="/wiki/Shin%27ichiro_Tomonaga" title="Shin'ichiro Tomonaga">Tomonaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Schwinger</a> e <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1966: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Kastler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1967: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Bethe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1968: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Alvarez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Gell-Mann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Alfvén">Alfvén</a> e <a href="/wiki/Louis_Eug%C3%A8ne_F%C3%A9lix_N%C3%A9el" title="Louis Eugène Félix Néel">Néel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Gabor" title="Dennis Gabor">Gabor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leon_Neil_Cooper" title="Leon Neil Cooper">Cooper</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">Schrieffer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Leo_Esaki" title="Leo Esaki">Esaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivar_Giaever" title="Ivar Giaever">Giaever</a> e <a href="/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" class="mw-redirect" title="Brian David Josephson">Josephson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Ryle</a> e <a href="/wiki/Antony_Hewish" title="Antony Hewish">Hewish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/Aage_Niels_Bohr" title="Aage Niels Bohr">A. Bohr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Roy_Mottelson" title="Ben Roy Mottelson">Mottelson</a> e <a href="/wiki/Leo_James_Rainwater" title="Leo James Rainwater">Rainwater</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Richter</a> e <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Chao_Chung_Ting" title="Samuel Chao Chung Ting">Ting</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson" title="Philip Warren Anderson">P. W. Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Mott</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck" title="John Hasbrouck Van Vleck">Van Vleck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Kapitsa" title="Pyotr Kapitsa">Kapitsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arno_Allan_Penzias" title="Arno Allan Penzias">Penzias</a> e <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Lee_Glashow" title="Sheldon Lee Glashow">Glashow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Salam</a> e <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Weinberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/James_Watson_Cronin" title="James Watson Cronin">Cronin</a> e <a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Fitch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Bloembergen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schawlow" title="Arthur Schawlow">Schawlow</a> e <a href="/wiki/Kai_Siegbahn" title="Kai Siegbahn">Siegbahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_G._Wilson" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth G. Wilson">Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Chandrasekhar</a> e <a href="/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">Fowler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Rubbia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer" title="Simon van der Meer">Van der Meer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing" title="Klaus von Klitzing">Klitzing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska">Ruska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Binnig</a> e <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer" title="Heinrich Rohrer">Rohrer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Georg_Bednorz" title="Johannes Georg Bednorz">Bednorz</a> e <a href="/wiki/Karl_Alexander_M%C3%BCller" title="Karl Alexander Müller">Müller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Leon_Max_Lederman" title="Leon Max Lederman">Lederman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Schwartz" title="Melvin Schwartz">Schwartz</a> e <a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Steinberger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster_Ramsey" title="Norman Foster Ramsey">Ramsey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Georg_Dehmelt" title="Hans Georg Dehmelt">Dehmelt</a> e <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Paul" title="Wolfgang Paul">Paul</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman" title="Jerome Isaac Friedman">Friedman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall" title="Henry Way Kendall">Kendall</a> e <a href="/wiki/Richard_Edward_Taylor" title="Richard Edward Taylor">R. E. Taylor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">de Gennes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak">Charpak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russell_Alan_Hulse" title="Russell Alan Hulse">Hulse</a> e <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooton_Taylor" title="Joseph Hooton Taylor">J. H. Taylor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Bertram_Neville_Brockhouse" title="Bertram Neville Brockhouse">Brockhouse</a> e <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Glenwood_Shull" title="Clifford Glenwood Shull">Shull</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Lewis_Perl" title="Martin Lewis Perl">Perl</a> e <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Reines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/David_Morris_Lee" title="David Morris Lee">D. Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Dean_Osheroff" title="Douglas Dean Osheroff">Osheroff</a> e <a href="/wiki/Robert_Coleman_Richardson" title="Robert Coleman Richardson">R. Richardson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Chu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji">Cohen-Tannoudji</a> e <a href="/wiki/William_Daniel_Phillips" title="William Daniel Phillips">Phillips</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Betts_Laughlin" title="Robert Betts Laughlin">Laughlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horst_Ludwig_St%C3%B6rmer" title="Horst Ludwig Störmer">Störmer</a> e <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Chee_Tsui" title="Daniel Chee Tsui">Tsui</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Gerardus_%27t_Hooft" title="Gerardus 't Hooft">Hooft</a> e <a href="/wiki/Martinus_J._G._Veltman" title="Martinus J. G. Veltman">Veltman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Zhores_Alferov" title="Zhores Alferov">Alferov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer" title="Herbert Kroemer">Kroemer</a> e <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kilby" title="Jack Kilby">Kilby</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–2024</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Allin_Cornell" title="Eric Allin Cornell">Cornell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wieman" title="Carl Wieman">Wieman</a> e <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle" title="Wolfgang Ketterle">Ketterle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_Jr." title="Raymond Davis Jr.">Davis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Koshiba</a> e <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Giacconi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Alexeevich_Abrikosov" title="Alexei Alexeevich Abrikosov">Abrikosov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Ginzburg" title="Vitaly Ginzburg">Ginzburg</a> e <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Leggett" title="Anthony Leggett">Leggett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross">Gross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_David_Politzer" title="Hugh David Politzer">Politzer</a> e <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" title="Frank Wilczek">Wilczek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Roy_Glauber" title="Roy Glauber">Glauber|</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_Hall" title="John Lewis Hall">Hall</a> e <a href="/wiki/Theodor_H%C3%A4nsch" title="Theodor Hänsch">Hänsch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/John_Mather" title="John Mather">Mather</a> e <a href="/wiki/George_Smoot" title="George Smoot">Smoot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Fert</a> e <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg">Grünberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Nambu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi" title="Makoto Kobayashi">Kobayashi</a> e <a href="/wiki/Toshihide_Masukawa" title="Toshihide Masukawa">Masukawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kao" title="Charles Kao">Kao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willard_Boyle" title="Willard Boyle">Boyle</a> e <a href="/wiki/George_Smith" title="George Smith">G. Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/Andre_Geim" title="Andre Geim">Geim</a> e <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov" title="Konstantin Novoselov">Novoselov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Perlmutter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Riess" title="Adam Riess">Riess</a> e <a href="/wiki/Brian_Schmidt" title="Brian Schmidt">Schmidt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/Serge_Haroche" title="Serge Haroche">Haroche</a> e <a href="/wiki/David_Wineland" title="David Wineland">Wineland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">Englert</a> e <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Higgs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014: <a href="/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki" title="Isamu Akasaki">Akasaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Amano" title="Hiroshi Amano">Amano</a> e <a href="/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Nakamura</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015: <a href="/wiki/Takaaki_Kajita" title="Takaaki Kajita">Kajita</a> e <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Bruce_McDonald" title="Arthur Bruce McDonald">McDonald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Haldane" title="Duncan Haldane">Haldane</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Thouless" title="David Thouless">Thouless</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_Michael_Kosterlitz" title="John Michael Kosterlitz">Kosterlitz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Weiss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" class="mw-redirect" title="Barry Barish">Barish</a> e <a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Thorne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashkin" title="Arthur Ashkin">Ashkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou">Mourou</a> e <a href="/wiki/Donna_Strickland" title="Donna Strickland">Strickland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019: <a href="/wiki/James_Peebles" title="James Peebles">Peebles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Mayor</a> e <a href="/wiki/Didier_Queloz" class="mw-redirect" title="Didier Queloz">Queloz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2020: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Penrose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Genzel" title="Reinhard Genzel">Genzel</a> e <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Ghez" title="Andrea Ghez">Ghez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2021: <a href="/wiki/Syukuro_Manabe" title="Syukuro Manabe">Manabe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Hasselmann" title="Klaus Hasselmann">Hasselmann</a> e <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Parisi" title="Giorgio Parisi">Parisi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2022: <a href="/wiki/Alain_Aspect" title="Alain Aspect">Aspect</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Clauser" title="John Clauser">Clauser</a> e <a href="/wiki/Anton_Zeilinger" title="Anton Zeilinger">Zeilinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2023: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Agostini" title="Pierre Agostini">Agostini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Krausz" title="Ferenc Krausz">Krausz</a> e <a href="/wiki/Anne_L%27Huillier" title="Anne L'Huillier">L'Huillier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2024: <a href="/wiki/John_Hopfield" title="John Hopfield">Hopfield</a> e <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">Hinton</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Medalha_Copley._Laureados_(1901–1950)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_Copley_(1901%E2%80%931950)" title="Predefinição:Medalha Copley (1901–1950)"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Medalha_Copley_(1901%E2%80%931950)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Medalha Copley (1901–1950) (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_Copley_(1901%E2%80%931950)&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Medalha_Copley._Laureados_(1901–1950)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_Copley" title="Medalha Copley">Medalha Copley. Laureados (1901–1950)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1901: <a href="/wiki/Josiah_Willard_Gibbs" title="Josiah Willard Gibbs">Josiah Willard Gibbs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1902: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lister" title="Joseph Lister">Joseph Lister</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1903: <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Suess" title="Eduard Suess">Eduard Suess</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1904: <a href="/wiki/William_Crookes" title="William Crookes">William Crookes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1905: <a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Mendeleiev" title="Dmitri Mendeleiev">Dmitri Mendeleiev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Ilyich_Mechnikov" title="Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov">Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1907: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Albert A. Michelson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1908: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Alfred Russel Wallace</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/George_William_Hill" title="George William Hill">George William Hill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Galton" title="Francis Galton">Francis Galton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1911: <a href="/wiki/George_Darwin" title="George Darwin">George Darwin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Felix_Klein" title="Felix Klein">Felix Klein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1913: <a href="/wiki/Ray_Lankester" title="Ray Lankester">Ray Lankester</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1914: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">Joseph John Thomson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1915: <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov">Ivan Pavlov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1916: <a href="/wiki/James_Dewar" title="James Dewar">James Dewar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1917: <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Roux" title="Émile Roux">Émile Roux</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1918: <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Hendrik Lorentz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1919: <a href="/wiki/William_Bayliss" title="William Bayliss">William Bayliss</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/Horace_Brown" title="Horace Brown">Horace Brown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Larmor" title="Joseph Larmor">Joseph Larmor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1923: <a href="/wiki/Horace_Lamb" title="Horace Lamb">Horace Lamb</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1924: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer" title="Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer">Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Gowland_Hopkins" title="Frederick Gowland Hopkins">Frederick Gowland Hopkins</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Scott_Sherrington" title="Charles Scott Sherrington">Charles Scott Sherrington</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1928: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Algernon_Parsons" title="Charles Algernon Parsons">Charles Algernon Parsons</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">William Henry Bragg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1931: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schuster" title="Arthur Schuster">Arthur Schuster</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1932: <a href="/wiki/George_Ellery_Hale" title="George Ellery Hale">George Ellery Hale</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1933: <a href="/wiki/Theobald_Smith" title="Theobald Smith">Theobald Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1934: <a href="/wiki/John_Scott_Haldane" title="John Scott Haldane">John Scott Haldane</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">Charles Thomson Rees Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Evans" title="Arthur Evans">Arthur Evans</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Dale" title="Henry Dale">Henry Dale</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1939: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan">Thomas Hunt Morgan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1940: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Langevin" title="Paul Langevin">Paul Langevin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1941: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lewis" title="Thomas Lewis">Thomas Lewis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1942: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson" title="Robert Robinson">Robert Robinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1943: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Barcroft" title="Joseph Barcroft">Joseph Barcroft</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Ingram_Taylor" title="Geoffrey Ingram Taylor">Geoffrey Ingram Taylor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Avery" title="Oswald Avery">Oswald Avery</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1946: <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Douglas_Adrian" title="Edgar Douglas Adrian">Edgar Douglas Adrian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1947: <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Harold_Hardy" title="Godfrey Harold Hardy">Godfrey Harold Hardy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1948: <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Vivian_Hill" title="Archibald Vivian Hill">Archibald Vivian Hill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/George_de_Hevesy" title="George de Hevesy">George de Hevesy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">James Chadwick</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_Copley" title="Predefinição:Medalha Copley">Lista Completa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_Copley_(1731%E2%80%931750)" title="Predefinição:Medalha Copley (1731–1750)">(1731–1750)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_Copley_(1751%E2%80%931800)" title="Predefinição:Medalha Copley (1751–1800)">(1751–1800)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_Copley_(1801%E2%80%931850)" title="Predefinição:Medalha Copley (1801–1850)">(1801–1850)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_Copley_(1851%E2%80%931900)" title="Predefinição:Medalha Copley (1851–1900)">(1851–1900)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_Copley_(1951%E2%80%932000)" title="Predefinição:Medalha Copley (1951–2000)">(1951–2000)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_Copley_(2001%E2%80%932050)" title="Predefinição:Medalha Copley (2001–2050)">(2001–2024)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidentes_da_Associação_Americana_para_o_Avanço_da_Ciência" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Presidentes_da_Associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Americana_para_o_Avan%C3%A7o_da_Ci%C3%AAncia" title="Predefinição:Presidentes da Associação Americana para o Avanço da Ciência"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Presidentes_da_Associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Americana_para_o_Avan%C3%A7o_da_Ci%C3%AAncia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Presidentes da Associação Americana para o Avanço da Ciência (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Presidentes_da_Associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Americana_para_o_Avan%C3%A7o_da_Ci%C3%AAncia&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidentes_da_Associação_Americana_para_o_Avanço_da_Ciência" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Presidentes_da_Associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Americana_para_o_Avan%C3%A7o_da_Ci%C3%AAncia" title="Presidentes da Associação Americana para o Avanço da Ciência">Presidentes da Associação Americana para o Avanço da Ciência</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1848-1900</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <ul><li>1848 <a href="/wiki/William_Charles_Redfield" title="William Charles Redfield">William Charles Redfield</a></li> <li>1849 <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Henry" title="Joseph Henry">Joseph Henry</a></li> <li>1850 <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dallas_Bache" title="Alexander Dallas Bache">Alexander Dallas Bache</a></li> <li>1851 <a href="/wiki/Louis_Agassiz" title="Louis Agassiz">Louis Agassiz</a></li> <li>1852 <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Peirce" title="Benjamin Peirce">Benjamin Peirce</a></li> <li>1854 <a href="/wiki/James_Dwight_Dana" title="James Dwight Dana">James Dwight Dana</a></li> <li>1855 <a href="/wiki/John_Torrey" title="John Torrey">John Torrey</a></li> <li>1856 <a href="/wiki/James_Hall" title="James Hall">James Hall</a></li> <li>1857 <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Caswell" title="Alexis Caswell">Alexis Caswell</a></li> <li>1857 <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Whitman_Bailey" title="Jacob Whitman Bailey">Jacob Whitman Bailey</a></li> <li>1858 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeffries_Wyman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeffries Wyman (página não existe)">Jeffries Wyman</a></li> <li>1859 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Alexander&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen Alexander (página não existe)">Stephen Alexander</a></li> <li>1860 <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Lea" title="Isaac Lea">Isaac Lea</a></li> <li>1866 <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Augustus_Porter_Barnard" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Augustus Porter Barnard">Frederick Augustus Porter Barnard</a></li> <li>1867 <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Strong_Newberry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Strong Newberry (página não existe)">John Strong Newberry</a></li> <li>1868 <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Apthorp_Gould" title="Benjamin Apthorp Gould">Benjamin Apthorp Gould</a></li> <li>1869 <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wells_Foster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Wells Foster (página não existe)">John Wells Foster</a></li> <li>1870 <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sterry_Hunt" title="Thomas Sterry Hunt">Thomas Sterry Hunt</a></li> <li>1870 <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Chauvenet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Chauvenet (página não existe)">William Chauvenet</a></li> <li>1871 <a href="/wiki/Asa_Gray" title="Asa Gray">Asa Gray</a></li> <li>1872 <a href="/wiki/John_Lawrence_Smith" title="John Lawrence Smith">John Lawrence Smith</a></li> <li>1873 <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lovering" title="Joseph Lovering">Joseph Lovering</a></li> <li>1874 <a href="/wiki/John_Lawrence_LeConte" title="John Lawrence LeConte">John Lawrence LeConte</a></li> <li>1875 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julius_Erasmus_Hilgard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julius Erasmus Hilgard (página não existe)">Julius Erasmus Hilgard</a></li> <li>1876 <a href="/wiki/William_Barton_Rogers" title="William Barton Rogers">William Barton Rogers</a></li> <li>1877 <a href="/wiki/Simon_Newcomb" title="Simon Newcomb">Simon Newcomb</a></li> <li>1878 <a href="/wiki/Othniel_Charles_Marsh" title="Othniel Charles Marsh">Othniel Charles Marsh</a></li> <li>1879 <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Frederick_Barker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Frederick Barker (página não existe)">George Frederick Barker</a></li> <li>1880 <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Henry_Morgan" title="Lewis Henry Morgan">Lewis Henry Morgan</a></li> <li>1881 <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Jarvis_Brush&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Jarvis Brush (página não existe)">George Jarvis Brush</a></li> <li>1882 <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_William_Dawson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John William Dawson (página não existe)">John William Dawson</a></li> <li>1883 <a href="/wiki/Charles_Augustus_Young" title="Charles Augustus Young">Charles Augustus Young</a></li> <li>1884 <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Peter_Lesley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Peter Lesley (página não existe)">John Peter Lesley</a></li> <li>1885 <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Anson_Newton" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubert Anson Newton">Hubert Anson Newton</a></li> <li>1886 <a href="/wiki/Edward_S._Morse" title="Edward S. Morse">Edward S. Morse</a></li> <li>1887 <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Pierpont_Langley" title="Samuel Pierpont Langley">Samuel Pierpont Langley</a></li> <li>1888 <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Powell" title="John Wesley Powell">John Wesley Powell</a></li> <li>1889 <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Corwin_Mendenhall" title="Thomas Corwin Mendenhall">Thomas Corwin Mendenhall</a></li> <li>1890 <a href="/wiki/George_Lincoln_Goodale" title="George Lincoln Goodale">George Lincoln Goodale</a></li> <li>1891 <a href="/wiki/Albert_Benjamin_Prescott" title="Albert Benjamin Prescott">Albert Benjamin Prescott</a></li> <li>1892 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_LeConte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph LeConte (página não existe)">Joseph LeConte</a></li> <li>1893 <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Harkness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Harkness (página não existe)">William Harkness</a></li> <li>1894 <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Garrison_Brinton" title="Daniel Garrison Brinton">Daniel Garrison Brinton</a></li> <li>1895 <a href="/wiki/Edward_Morley" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Morley">Edward Morley</a></li> <li>1896 <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Nicholas_Gill" title="Theodore Nicholas Gill">Theodore Nicholas Gill</a></li> <li>1896 <a href="/wiki/Edward_Drinker_Cope" title="Edward Drinker Cope">Edward Drinker Cope</a></li> <li>1897 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolcott_Gibbs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolcott Gibbs (página não existe)">Wolcott Gibbs</a></li> <li>1897 <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_John_McGee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William John McGee (página não existe)">William John McGee</a></li> <li>1898 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederic_Ward_Putnam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederic Ward Putnam (página não existe)">Frederic Ward Putnam</a></li> <li>1899 <a href="/wiki/Grove_Karl_Gilbert" title="Grove Karl Gilbert">Grove Karl Gilbert</a></li> <li>1899 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcus_Benjamin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcus Benjamin (página não existe)">Marcus Benjamin</a></li> <li>1899 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Orton,_Sr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Orton, Sr. (página não existe)">Edward Orton, Sr.</a></li> <li>1900 <a href="/wiki/Robert_Simpson_Woodward" title="Robert Simpson Woodward">Robert Simpson Woodward</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901-1925</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <ul><li>1901 <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sedgwick_Minot" title="Charles Sedgwick Minot">Charles Sedgwick Minot</a></li> <li>1902 <a href="/wiki/Ira_Remsen" title="Ira Remsen">Ira Remsen</a></li> <li>1902 <a href="/wiki/Asaph_Hall" title="Asaph Hall">Asaph Hall</a></li> <li>1903 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carroll_Davidson_Wright&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carroll Davidson Wright (página não existe)">Carroll Davidson Wright</a></li> <li>1904 <a href="/wiki/William_Gilson_Farlow" title="William Gilson Farlow">William Gilson Farlow</a></li> <li>1905 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Milton_Woodward&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calvin Milton Woodward (página não existe)">Calvin Milton Woodward</a></li> <li>1906 <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Welch" title="William Henry Welch">William Henry Welch</a></li> <li>1907 <a href="/wiki/Edward_Leamington_Nichols" title="Edward Leamington Nichols">Edward Leamington Nichols</a></li> <li>1908 <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chrowder_Chamberlin" title="Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin">Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin</a></li> <li>1909 <a href="/wiki/David_Starr_Jordan" title="David Starr Jordan">David Starr Jordan</a></li> <li>1910 <a href="/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Abraham Michelson">Albert Abraham Michelson</a></li> <li>1911 <a href="/wiki/Charles_Bessey" title="Charles Bessey">Charles Bessey</a></li> <li>1912 <a href="/wiki/Edward_Charles_Pickering" title="Edward Charles Pickering">Edward Charles Pickering</a></li> <li>1913 <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Beecher_Wilson" title="Edmund Beecher Wilson">Edmund Beecher Wilson</a></li> <li>1914 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_W._Eliot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles W. Eliot (página não existe)">Charles W. Eliot</a></li> <li>1915 <a href="/wiki/William_Wallace_Campbell" title="William Wallace Campbell">William Wallace Campbell</a></li> <li>1916 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Richard_Van_Hise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Richard Van Hise (página não existe)">Charles Richard Van Hise</a></li> <li>1917 <a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Theodore William Richards</a></li> <li>1918 <a href="/wiki/John_Merle_Coulter" title="John Merle Coulter">John Merle Coulter</a></li> <li>1919 <a href="/wiki/Simon_Flexner" title="Simon Flexner">Simon Flexner</a></li> <li>1920 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leland_Ossian_Howard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leland Ossian Howard (página não existe)">Leland Ossian Howard</a></li> <li>1921 <a href="/wiki/Eliakim_Hastings_Moore" title="Eliakim Hastings Moore">Eliakim Hastings Moore</a></li> <li>1922 <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Playfair_McMurrich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Playfair McMurrich (página não existe)">James Playfair McMurrich</a></li> <li>1923 <a href="/wiki/Charles_Doolittle_Walcott" title="Charles Doolittle Walcott">Charles Doolittle Walcott</a></li> <li>1924 <a href="/wiki/James_McKeen_Cattell" title="James McKeen Cattell">James McKeen Cattell</a></li> <li>1925 <a href="/wiki/Michael_Pupin" title="Michael Pupin">Michael Pupin</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926-1950</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <ul><li>1926 <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Hyde_Bailey" title="Liberty Hyde Bailey">Liberty Hyde Bailey</a></li> <li>1927 <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Amos_Noyes" title="Arthur Amos Noyes">Arthur Amos Noyes</a></li> <li>1928 <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fairfield_Osborn" title="Henry Fairfield Osborn">Henry Fairfield Osborn</a></li> <li>1929 <a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Robert Andrews Millikan</a></li> <li>1930 <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan">Thomas Hunt Morgan</a></li> <li>1931 <a href="/wiki/Franz_Boas" title="Franz Boas">Franz Boas</a></li> <li>1932 <a href="/wiki/John_Jacob_Abel" title="John Jacob Abel">John Jacob Abel</a></li> <li>1933 <a href="/wiki/Henry_Norris_Russell" title="Henry Norris Russell">Henry Norris Russell</a></li> <li>1934 <a href="/wiki/Edward_L._Thorndike" title="Edward L. Thorndike">Edward L. Thorndike</a></li> <li>1935 <a href="/wiki/Karl_Taylor_Compton" title="Karl Taylor Compton">Karl Taylor Compton</a></li> <li>1936 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Conklin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edwin Conklin (página não existe)">Edwin Conklin</a></li> <li>1937 <a href="/wiki/George_David_Birkhoff" title="George David Birkhoff">George David Birkhoff</a></li> <li>1938 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wesley_Clair_Mitchell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wesley Clair Mitchell (página não existe)">Wesley Clair Mitchell</a></li> <li>1939 <a href="/wiki/Walter_Bradford_Cannon" title="Walter Bradford Cannon">Walter Bradford Cannon</a></li> <li>1940 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Francis_Blakeslee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Francis Blakeslee (página não existe)">Albert Francis Blakeslee</a></li> <li>1941 <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Irving Langmuir</a></li> <li>1942 <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Holly_Compton" title="Arthur Holly Compton">Arthur Holly Compton</a></li> <li>1943 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaiah_Bowman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isaiah Bowman (página não existe)">Isaiah Bowman</a></li> <li>1944 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anton_Julius_Carlson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anton Julius Carlson (página não existe)">Anton Julius Carlson</a></li> <li>1945 <a href="/wiki/James_Bryant_Conant" title="James Bryant Conant">James Bryant Conant</a></li> <li>1946 <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kettering" title="Charles Kettering">Charles Kettering</a></li> <li>1947 <a href="/wiki/Harlow_Shapley" title="Harlow Shapley">Harlow Shapley</a></li> <li>1948 <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Ware_Sinnott" title="Edmund Ware Sinnott">Edmund Ware Sinnott</a></li> <li>1949 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elvin_Charles_Stakman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elvin Charles Stakman (página não existe)">Elvin Charles Stakman</a></li> <li>1950 <a href="/wiki/Roger_Adams" title="Roger Adams">Roger Adams</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951-1975</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <ul><li>1951 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kirtley_Fletcher_Mather&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kirtley Fletcher Mather (página não existe)">Kirtley Fletcher Mather</a></li> <li>1952 <a href="/wiki/Detlev_Bronk" title="Detlev Bronk">Detlev Bronk</a></li> <li>1953 <a href="/wiki/Edward_Condon" title="Edward Condon">Edward Condon</a></li> <li>1954 <a href="/wiki/Warren_Weaver" title="Warren Weaver">Warren Weaver</a></li> <li>1955 <a href="/wiki/George_Beadle" title="George Beadle">George Beadle</a></li> <li>1956 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Sears&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Sears (página não existe)">Paul Sears</a></li> <li>1957 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Hasbrouck_Snyder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lawrence Hasbrouck Snyder (página não existe)">Lawrence Hasbrouck Snyder</a></li> <li>1958 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wallace_Reed_Brode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wallace Reed Brode (página não existe)">Wallace Reed Brode</a></li> <li>1959 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Ernest_Klopsteg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Ernest Klopsteg (página não existe)">Paul Ernest Klopsteg</a></li> <li>1960 <a href="/wiki/Chauncey_Depew_Leake" title="Chauncey Depew Leake">Chauncey Depew Leake</a></li> <li>1961 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Park (página não existe)">Thomas Park</a></li> <li>1962 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Magnus_Gross&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Magnus Gross (página não existe)">Paul Magnus Gross</a></li> <li>1963 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Tower_Waterman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Tower Waterman (página não existe)">Alan Tower Waterman</a></li> <li>1964 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurence_M._Gould&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laurence M. Gould (página não existe)">Laurence M. Gould</a></li> <li>1965 <a href="/wiki/Henry_Eyring" title="Henry Eyring">Henry Eyring</a></li> <li>1966 <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sherwood_Romer" title="Alfred Sherwood Romer">Alfred Sherwood Romer</a></li> <li>1967 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Krasher_Price&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Don Krasher Price (página não existe)">Don Krasher Price</a></li> <li>1968 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Orr_Roberts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Orr Roberts (página não existe)">Walter Orr Roberts</a></li> <li>1969 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bentley_Glass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bentley Glass (página não existe)">Bentley Glass</a></li> <li>1970 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Athelstan_Spilhaus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Athelstan Spilhaus (página não existe)">Athelstan Spilhaus</a></li> <li>1971 <a href="/wiki/Mina_Rees" title="Mina Rees">Mina Rees</a></li> <li>1972 <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Theodore_Seaborg" title="Glenn Theodore Seaborg">Glenn Theodore Seaborg</a></li> <li>1973 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonard_M._Rieser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonard M. Rieser (página não existe)">Leonard M. Rieser</a></li> <li>1974 <a href="/wiki/Roger_Revelle" title="Roger Revelle">Roger Revelle</a></li> <li>1975 <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mead" title="Margaret Mead">Margaret Mead</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976-2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <ul><li>1976 <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_D._McElroy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William D. McElroy (página não existe)">William D. McElroy</a></li> <li>1977-1978 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emilio_Q._Daddario&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emilio Q. Daddario (página não existe)">Emilio Q. Daddario</a></li> <li>1979 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_E._David_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward E. David Jr. (página não existe)">Edward E. David Jr.</a></li> <li>1980 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_Ewart_Boulding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenneth Ewart Boulding (página não existe)">Kenneth Ewart Boulding</a></li> <li>1981 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Mosteller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Mosteller (página não existe)">Frederick Mosteller</a></li> <li>1982 <a href="/wiki/David_Allan_Bromley" title="David Allan Bromley">David Allan Bromley</a></li> <li>1983 <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Burbidge" title="Margaret Burbidge">Margaret Burbidge</a></li> <li>1984 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_J._Harrison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anna J. Harrison (página não existe)">Anna J. Harrison</a></li> <li>1985 <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_A._Hamburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David A. Hamburg (página não existe)">David A. Hamburg</a></li> <li>1986 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerard_Piel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerard Piel (página não existe)">Gerard Piel</a></li> <li>1987 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Bogorad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lawrence Bogorad (página não existe)">Lawrence Bogorad</a></li> <li>1988 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheila_E._Widnall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sheila E. Widnall (página não existe)">Sheila E. Widnall</a></li> <li>1989 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_E._Massey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter E. Massey (página não existe)">Walter E. Massey</a></li> <li>1990 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_C._Atkinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard C. Atkinson (página não existe)">Richard C. Atkinson</a></li> <li>1991 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_N._Langenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald N. Langenberg (página não existe)">Donald N. Langenberg</a></li> <li>1992 <a href="/wiki/Leon_Max_Lederman" title="Leon Max Lederman">Leon Max Lederman</a></li> <li>1993 <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland">Frank Sherwood Rowland</a></li> <li>1994 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eloise_E._Clark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eloise E. Clark (página não existe)">Eloise E. Clark</a></li> <li>1995 <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Jos%C3%A9_Ayala" title="Francisco José Ayala">Francisco José Ayala</a></li> <li>1996 <a href="/wiki/Rita_Colwell" title="Rita Colwell">Rita Colwell</a></li> <li>1997 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jane_Lubchenco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jane Lubchenco (página não existe)">Jane Lubchenco</a></li> <li>1998 <a href="/wiki/Mildred_Dresselhaus" title="Mildred Dresselhaus">Mildred Dresselhaus</a></li> <li>1999 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Rita_Cooke_Greenwood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Rita Cooke Greenwood (página não existe)">Mary Rita Cooke Greenwood</a></li> <li>2000 <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Jay_Gould" title="Stephen Jay Gould">Stephen Jay Gould</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001-<i>presente</i></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <ul><li>2001 <a href="/wiki/Mary_Lowe_Good" title="Mary Lowe Good">Mary Lowe Good</a></li> <li>2002 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Hamilton_Raven&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Hamilton Raven (página não existe)">Peter Hamilton Raven</a></li> <li>2003 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Floyd_E._Bloom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Floyd E. Bloom (página não existe)">Floyd E. Bloom</a></li> <li>2004 <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ellen_Avery" title="Mary Ellen Avery">Mary Ellen Avery</a></li> <li>2005 <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Ann_Jackson" title="Shirley Ann Jackson">Shirley Ann Jackson</a></li> <li>2006 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gil_Omenn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gil Omenn (página não existe)">Gil Omenn</a></li> <li>2007 <a href="/wiki/John_Holdren" title="John Holdren">John Holdren</a></li> <li>2008 <a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">David Baltimore</a></li> <li>2009 <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_J._McCarthy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James J. McCarthy (página não existe)">James J. McCarthy</a></li> <li>2010 <a href="/wiki/Peter_Agre" title="Peter Agre">Peter Agre</a></li> <li>2011 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alice_S._Huang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alice S. Huang (página não existe)">Alice S. Huang</a></li> <li>2012 <a href="/wiki/Nina_Fedoroff" title="Nina Fedoroff">Nina Fedoroff</a></li> <li>2013 <a href="/wiki/William_H._Press" class="mw-redirect" title="William H. Press">William H. Press</a></li> <li>2014 <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Allen_Sharp" title="Phillip Allen Sharp">Phillip Allen Sharp</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Medalha_Elliott_Cresson_(1875_—_1997)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_Elliott_Cresson" title="Predefinição:Medalha Elliott Cresson"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Medalha_Elliott_Cresson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Medalha Elliott Cresson (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_Elliott_Cresson&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Medalha_Elliott_Cresson_(1875_—_1997)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_Elliott_Cresson" title="Medalha Elliott Cresson">Medalha Elliott Cresson (1875 — 1997)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1875_—_1900" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1875 — 1900</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1870s</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1875: <a href="/wiki/William_Gibson_Arlington_Bonwill" title="William Gibson Arlington Bonwill">William Gibson Arlington Bonwill</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fiss,_Banes,_Erben_%26_Co.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fiss, Banes, Erben & Co. (página não existe)">Fiss, Banes, Erben & Co.</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Weightman" title="William Weightman">William Weightman</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=W.P._Tatham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W.P. Tatham (página não existe)">W.P. Tatham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Chew_Tilghman" title="Benjamin Chew Tilghman">Benjamin Chew Tilghman</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Zentmayer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Zentmayer (página não existe)">Joseph Zentmayer</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1877: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Charlton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Charlton (página não existe)">John Charlton</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=P._H._Dudley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="P. H. Dudley (página não existe)">P. H. Dudley</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1878: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Bower&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Bower (página não existe)">Henry Bower</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrus_Chambers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyrus Chambers (página não existe)">Cyrus Chambers</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Williams_Farr_Goodwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Williams Farr Goodwin (página não existe)">Williams Farr Goodwin</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1879: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norbert_Delandtsheer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norbert Delandtsheer (página não existe)">Norbert Delandtsheer</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1880: <a href="/w/index.php?title=L._H._Spellier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L. H. Spellier (página não existe)">L. H. Spellier</a></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1880s</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1881: <a href="/wiki/William_Woodnut_Griscom" title="William Woodnut Griscom">William Woodnut Griscom</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1885: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyprien_Chabot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyprien Chabot (página não existe)">Cyprien Chabot</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Siemens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Siemens (página não existe)">Frederick Siemens</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1886: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Bernard_Delany" title="Patrick Bernard Delany">Patrick Bernard Delany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_S._C._Lowe" title="Thaddeus S. C. Lowe">Thaddeus S. C. Lowe</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ott_%26_Brewer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ott & Brewer (página não existe)">Ott & Brewer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney" title="Pratt & Whitney">Pratt & Whitney</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=R._H._Ramsay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R. H. Ramsay (página não existe)">R. H. Ramsay</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberty_Walkup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberty Walkup (página não existe)">Liberty Walkup</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1887: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_F._Albert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles F. Albert (página não existe)">Charles F. Albert</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugo_Bilgram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugo Bilgram (página não existe)">Hugo Bilgram</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_H._Cowles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred H. Cowles (página não existe)">Alfred H. Cowles</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_H._Cowles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugene H. Cowles (página não existe)">Eugene H. Cowles</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Shaw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Shaw (página não existe)">Thomas Shaw</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1889: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Alfred_Cowper" title="Edward Alfred Cowper">Edward Alfred Cowper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottmar_Mergenthaler" title="Ottmar Mergenthaler">Ottmar Mergenthaler</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=T._Hart_Robertson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T. Hart Robertson (página não existe)">T. Hart Robertson</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Frederick_Simonds&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Frederick Simonds (página não existe)">George Frederick Simonds</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1890: <a href="/w/index.php?title=J._B._Hammond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. B. Hammond (página não existe)">J. B. Hammond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herman_Hollerith" title="Herman Hollerith">Herman Hollerith</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayer_Hayes_%26_Co.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mayer Hayes & Co. (página não existe)">Mayer Hayes & Co.</a></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1890s</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1891: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stockton_Bates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stockton Bates (página não existe)">Stockton Bates</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_H._Bevington&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James H. Bevington (página não existe)">James H. Bevington</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bradley_Allen_Fiske&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bradley Allen Fiske (página não existe)">Bradley Allen Fiske</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tinius_Olsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tinius Olsen (página não existe)">Tinius Olsen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_F._Shaw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edwin F. Shaw (página não existe)">Edwin F. Shaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Matthews_Vauclain" title="Samuel Matthews Vauclain">Samuel Matthews Vauclain</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_M._Von_Culin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George M. Von Culin (página não existe)">George M. Von Culin</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1892: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_H._Holmes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip H. Holmes (página não existe)">Philip H. Holmes</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_M._Howe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry M. Howe (página não existe)">Henry M. Howe</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1893: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clifford_H._Batchellor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clifford H. Batchellor (página não existe)">Clifford H. Batchellor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederic_Eugene_Ives" title="Frederic Eugene Ives">Frederic Eugene Ives</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_E._Marks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George E. Marks (página não existe)">George E. Marks</a> e <a href="/wiki/Paul_von_Jank%C3%B3" title="Paul von Jankó">Paul von Jankó</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1894: <a href="/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Nikola Tesla</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1895: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_M._Howe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry M. Howe (página não existe)">Henry M. Howe</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Peckover&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Peckover (página não existe)">James Peckover</a> e <a href="/wiki/Lester_Allan_Pelton" title="Lester Allan Pelton">Lester Allan Pelton</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1896: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Bernard_Delany" title="Patrick Bernard Delany">Patrick Bernard Delany</a> e <a href="/wiki/Tolbert_Lanston" title="Tolbert Lanston">Tolbert Lanston</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1897: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton_Castner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamilton Castner (página não existe)">Hamilton Castner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray">Elisha Gray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Jenkins" title="Charles Francis Jenkins">Charles Francis Jenkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Conrad_R%C3%B6ntgen" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen">Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Wilckes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Wilckes (página não existe)">Joseph Wilckes</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1898: <a href="/wiki/Wilbur_Olin_Atwater" title="Wilbur Olin Atwater">Wilbur Olin Atwater</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Corscaden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Corscaden (página não existe)">Thomas Corscaden</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clemens_Hirschel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clemens Hirschel (página não existe)">Clemens Hirschel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Moissan" title="Henri Moissan">Henri Moissan</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Bennett_Rosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Bennett Rosa (página não existe)">Edward Bennett Rosa</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1900: <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Cotton_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Cotton Company (página não existe)">American Cotton Company</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Edward_Levy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Edward Levy (página não existe)">Louis Edward Levy</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pencoyd_Iron_Works&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pencoyd Iron Works (página não existe)">Pencoyd Iron Works</a>, <a href="/wiki/Servi%C3%A7o_Geol%C3%B3gico_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Serviço Geológico dos Estados Unidos">Serviço Geológico dos Estados Unidos</a> e <a href="/wiki/Carl_Auer_von_Welsbach" title="Carl Auer von Welsbach">Carl Auer von Welsbach</a></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1901_—_1950" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1901 — 1950</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1900s</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1901: <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Diesel" title="Rudolf Diesel">Rudolf Diesel</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_S._Forbes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John S. Forbes (página não existe)">John S. Forbes</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=L._M._Haupt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L. M. Haupt (página não existe)">L. M. Haupt</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mason_and_Hamlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mason and Hamlin (página não existe)">Mason and Hamlin</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=A._G._Waterhouse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A. G. Waterhouse (página não existe)">A. G. Waterhouse</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1902: <a href="/w/index.php?title=C._E._Acker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C. E. Acker (página não existe)">C. E. Acker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Taylor" title="Frederick Taylor">Frederick Taylor</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maunsel_White&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maunsel White (página não existe)">Maunsel White</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1903: <a href="/w/index.php?title=G._H._Clam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G. H. Clam (página não existe)">G. H. Clam</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=J._L._Ferrell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. L. Ferrell (página não existe)">J. L. Ferrell</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilson_Lindsley_Gill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilson Lindsley Gill (página não existe)">Wilson Lindsley Gill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Moritz_Goldschmidt" title="Victor Moritz Goldschmidt">Victor Goldschmidt</a> e <a href="/wiki/Frank_Julian_Sprague" title="Frank Julian Sprague">Frank Julian Sprague</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1904: <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Mapes_Dodge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Mapes Dodge (página não existe)">James Mapes Dodge</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilson_Lindsley_Gill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilson Lindsley Gill (página não existe)">Wilson Lindsley Gill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Goldschmidt" title="Hans Goldschmidt">Hans Goldschmidt</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=L._E._Levy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L. E. Levy (página não existe)">L. E. Levy</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=L.D._Lovekin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L.D. Lovekin (página não existe)">L.D. Lovekin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=A._E._Outerbridge,_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A. E. Outerbridge, Jr. (página não existe)">A. E. Outerbridge, Jr.</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=J._C._Parker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. C. Parker (página não existe)">J. C. Parker</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1905: <a href="/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray">Elisha Gray</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=M._I._Pupin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. I. Pupin (página não existe)">M. I. Pupin</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1906: <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Paper_Bottle_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Paper Bottle Company (página não existe)">American Paper Bottle Company</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_J._Hammer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William J. Hammer (página não existe)">William J. Hammer</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1907: <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_Locomotive_Works" title="Baldwin Locomotive Works">Baldwin Locomotive Works</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=J._L._Borsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. L. Borsch (página não existe)">J. L. Borsch</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Allen_Heany&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. Allen Heany (página não existe)">J. Allen Heany</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=F._Philips&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F. Philips (página não existe)">F. Philips</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_R._Taylor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward R. Taylor (página não existe)">Edward R. Taylor</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1908: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Romeyn_Beck_Hough&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romeyn Beck Hough (página não existe)">Romeyn Beck Hough</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatole_Mallet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anatole Mallet (página não existe)">Anatole Mallet</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">Pierre Curie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Gaede" title="Wolfgang Gaede">Wolfgang Gaede</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Gayley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Gayley (página não existe)">James Gayley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auguste_e_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Auguste e Louis Lumière">Auguste e Louis Lumière</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Owen_Squier" title="George Owen Squier">George Owen Squier</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Talbot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benjamin Talbot (página não existe)">Benjamin Talbot</a>,<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=W._V._Turner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W. V. Turner (página não existe)">W. V. Turner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Underwood_Typewriter_Company" title="Underwood Typewriter Company">Underwood Typewriter Company</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexis_Vernasz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexis Vernasz (página não existe)">Alexis Vernasz</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=H._A._Wise_Wood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H. A. Wise Wood (página não existe)">H. A. Wise Wood</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1910: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Automatic_Electric_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automatic Electric Company (página não existe)">Automatic Electric Company</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_A._Brashear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John A. Brashear (página não existe)">John A. Brashear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cooper_Hewitt" title="Peter Cooper Hewitt">Peter Cooper Hewitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Fritz" title="John Fritz">John Fritz</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Hadfield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Hadfield (página não existe)">Robert Hadfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a>,<br /> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">Joseph John Thomson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Weston_(qu%C3%ADmico)" title="Edward Weston (químico)">Edward Weston</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harvey_W._Wiley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harvey W. Wiley (página não existe)">Harvey W. Wiley</a></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1910s</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Crookes" title="William Crookes">William Crookes</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Noble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Noble (página não existe)">Alfred Noble</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Morley" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Morley">Edward Morley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Abraham Michelson">Albert Abraham Michelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Enfield_Roscoe" title="Henry Enfield Roscoe">Henry Enfield Roscoe</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Wesley_Stratton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Wesley Stratton (página não existe)">Samuel Wesley Stratton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elihu_Thomson" title="Elihu Thomson">Elihu Thomson</a> e <a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer">Adolf von Baeyer</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1913: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Berliner" title="Emil Berliner">Emil Berliner</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emile_Fischer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emile Fischer (página não existe)">Emile Fischer</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">William Ramsay</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isham_Randolph&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isham Randolph (página não existe)">Isham Randolph</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt" title="John William Strutt">John William Strutt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Sauveur" title="Albert Sauveur">Albert Sauveur</a> e <a href="/wiki/Charles_Proteus_Steinmetz" title="Charles Proteus Steinmetz">Charles Proteus Steinmetz</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1914: <a href="/w/index.php?title=J._M._von_Eder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. M. von Eder (página não existe)">J. M. von Eder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Linde" title="Carl von Linde">Carl von Linde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Fahs_Smith" title="Edgar Fahs Smith">Edgar Fahs Smith</a> e <a href="/wiki/Irm%C3%A3os_Wright" title="Irmãos Wright">Irmãos Wright</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1915: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Owens" title="Michael Joseph Owens">Michael Joseph Owens</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1916: <a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">American Telephone & Telegraph</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Byron_E._Eldred&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Byron E. Eldred (página não existe)">Byron E. Eldred</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Gans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Gans (página não existe)">Robert Gans</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1917: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Fitch_Northrup" title="Edwin Fitch Northrup">Edwin Fitch Northrup</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1918: <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton_Lewis" title="Isaac Newton Lewis">Isaac Newton Lewis</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/William_Le_Roy_Emmet" title="William Le Roy Emmet">William Le Roy Emmet</a></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1920s</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1923: <a href="/wiki/Lee_De_Forest" title="Lee De Forest">Lee De Forest</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_D._Johnson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raymond D. Johnson (página não existe)">Raymond D. Johnson</a> e <a href="/wiki/Albert_Kingsbury" title="Albert Kingsbury">Albert Kingsbury</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1925: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Hodgkinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Hodgkinson (página não existe)">Francis Hodgkinson</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/George_Ellery_Hale" title="George Ellery Hale">George Ellery Hale</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_S._Hastings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles S. Hastings (página não existe)">Charles S. Hastings</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Dayton_Miller" title="Dayton Miller">Dayton Miller</a> e <a href="/wiki/Edward_Leamington_Nichols" title="Edward Leamington Nichols">Edward Leamington Nichols</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1928: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustaf_W._Elmen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustaf W. Elmen (página não existe)">Gustaf W. Elmen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford" title="Henry Ford">Henry Ford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Karapetoff" title="Vladimir Karapetoff">Vladimir Karapetoff</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Lawrance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Lawrance (página não existe)">Charles Lawrance</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1929: <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Irvine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Irvine (página não existe)">James Irvine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chevalier_Jackson" title="Chevalier Jackson">Chevalier Jackson</a> e <a href="/wiki/Elmer_Ambrose_Sperry" title="Elmer Ambrose Sperry">Elmer Ambrose Sperry</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1930: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Rothwell_Gibson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norman Rothwell Gibson (página não existe)">Norman Rothwell Gibson</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Edwin_Moultrop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irving Edwin Moultrop (página não existe)">Irving Edwin Moultrop</a></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1930s</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1931: <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Davisson" title="Clinton Davisson">Clinton Davisson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lester_Germer" title="Lester Germer">Lester Germer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotaro_Honda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kotaro Honda (página não existe)">Kotaro Honda</a> e <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Lyman" title="Theodore Lyman">Theodore Lyman</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1932: <a href="/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman">Percy Williams Bridgman</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Legeyt_Fortescue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Legeyt Fortescue (página não existe)">Charles Legeyt Fortescue</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_Boswell_Whitehead" title="John Boswell Whitehead">John Boswell Whitehead</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1933: <a href="/wiki/Walther_Bauersfeld" title="Walther Bauersfeld">Walther Bauersfeld</a> e <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_La_Cierva_y_Codorniu" title="Juan de La Cierva y Codorniu">Juan de La Cierva y Codorniu</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1934: <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Ballantine" title="Stuart Ballantine">Stuart Ballantine</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_Switch_%26_Signal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Union Switch & Signal (página não existe)">Union Switch & Signal</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/George_Oliver_Curme" title="George Oliver Curme">George Oliver Curme</a> e <a href="/wiki/Robert_Jemison_van_de_Graaff" title="Robert Jemison van de Graaff">Robert Jemison van de Graaff</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">Carl David Anderson</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bowie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Bowie (página não existe)">William Bowie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Edwin_Brandenberger" title="Jacques Edwin Brandenberger">Jacques Edwin Brandenberger</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Francis_Giauque" title="William Francis Giauque">William Francis Giauque</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Ernest Lawrence</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Land" title="Edwin Land">Edwin Land</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1939: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Vernon_Boys" title="Charles Vernon Boys">Charles Vernon Boys</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Ashley_Campbell" title="George Ashley Campbell">George Ashley Campbell</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_Renshaw_Carson" title="John Renshaw Carson">John Renshaw Carson</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1940: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_M._Backet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick M. Backet (página não existe)">Frederick M. Backet</a> e <a href="/wiki/Robert_Runnels_Williams" title="Robert Runnels Williams">Robert Runnels Williams</a></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1940s</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1941: <a href="/wiki/Marinha_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Marinha dos Estados Unidos">Marinha dos Estados Unidos</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1942: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_Hudson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude Hudson (página não existe)">Claude Hudson</a> e <a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Isidor Isaac Rabi</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1943: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Metcalf_Allen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Metcalf Allen (página não existe)">Charles Metcalf Allen</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Adams" title="Roger Adams">Roger Adams</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Caldwell_Hooper" title="Stanford Caldwell Hooper">Stanford Caldwell Hooper</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis_Ferry_Moody&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lewis Ferry Moody (página não existe)">Lewis Ferry Moody</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1946: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gladeon_M._Barnes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gladeon M. Barnes (página não existe)">Gladeon M. Barnes</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1948: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_H._Colpitts" title="Edwin H. Colpitts">Edwin H. Colpitts</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/Basil_Schonland" title="Basil Schonland">Basil Schonland</a></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1951_—_1997" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1951 — 1997</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Molina" title="Edward Molina">Edward Molina</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=H._Birchard_Taylor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H. Birchard Taylor (página não existe)">H. Birchard Taylor</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1953: <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Blum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Blum (página não existe)">William Blum</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Russell_Harrison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Russell Harrison (página não existe)">George Russell Harrison</a> e <a href="/wiki/William_Frederick_Meggers" title="William Frederick Meggers">William Frederick Meggers</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1955: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Philip_Bowden" title="Frank Philip Bowden">Frank Philip Bowden</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Willard_Frank_Libby" title="Willard Frank Libby">Willard Frank Libby</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reginold_James_Seymour_Pigott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reginold James Seymour Pigott (página não existe)">Reginold James Seymour Pigott</a> e <a href="/wiki/Robert_Watson-Watt" title="Robert Watson-Watt">Robert Watson-Watt</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1958: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_C._Patrick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph C. Patrick (página não existe)">Joseph C. Patrick</a> e <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Timoshenko" title="Stephen Timoshenko">Stephen Timoshenko</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/John_Hays_Hammond" title="John Hays Hammond">John Hays Hammond</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Charles_Harrison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Charles Harrison (página não existe)">Henry Charles Harrison</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Wolff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irving Wolff (página não existe)">Irving Wolff</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Latimer_Dryden" title="Hugh Latimer Dryden">Hugh Latimer Dryden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arpad_Nadai" title="Arpad Nadai">Arpad Nadai</a> e <a href="/wiki/William_Francis_Gray_Swann" title="William Francis Gray Swann">William Francis Gray Swann</a></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Arthur_Glaser" title="Donald Arthur Glaser">Donald Arthur Glaser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_M%C3%B6ssbauer" title="Rudolf Mössbauer">Rudolf Mössbauer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reinhold_Rudenberg" title="Reinhold Rudenberg">Reinhold Rudenberg</a> e <a href="/wiki/James_Van_Allen" title="James Van Allen">James Van Allen</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1962: <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Gilbert_Baker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Gilbert Baker (página não existe)">James Gilbert Baker</a> e <a href="/wiki/Wernher_von_Braun" title="Wernher von Braun">Wernher von Braun</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1963: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Christofilos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicholas Christofilos (página não existe)">Nicholas Christofilos</a> e <a href="/wiki/Grote_Reber" title="Grote Reber">Grote Reber</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1964: <a href="/wiki/Waldo_Semon" title="Waldo Semon">Waldo Semon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_V._Southwell" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard V. Southwell">Richard V. Southwell</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_R._Wilson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert R. Wilson (página não existe)">Robert R. Wilson</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1965: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Van_Slyke" title="Donald Van Slyke">Donald Van Slyke</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1966: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Francis_Mark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herman Francis Mark (página não existe)">Herman Francis Mark</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1968: <a href="/wiki/Neil_Bartlett" title="Neil Bartlett">Neil Bartlett</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Eyring" title="Henry Eyring">Henry Eyring</a> e <a href="/wiki/Peter_Carl_Goldmark" title="Peter Carl Goldmark">Peter Carl Goldmark</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Zinn" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Zinn">Walter Zinn</a></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Paul_John_Flory" title="Paul John Flory">Paul John Flory</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck" title="John Hasbrouck Van Vleck">John Hasbrouck Van Vleck</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" class="mw-redirect" title="Brian David Josephson">Brian David Josephson</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_Lear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bill Lear (página não existe)">Bill Lear</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Allan_Rex_Sandage" title="Allan Rex Sandage">Allan Rex Sandage</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Stapp" title="John Paul Stapp">John Paul Stapp</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1974: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodore_L._Cairns&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodore L. Cairns (página não existe)">Theodore L. Cairns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Henry_Dicke" title="Robert Henry Dicke">Robert Henry Dicke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arie_Jan_Haagen-Smit" title="Arie Jan Haagen-Smit">Arie Jan Haagen-Smit</a> e <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Rossi" title="Bruno Rossi">Bruno Rossi</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/Mildred_Cohn" title="Mildred Cohn">Mildred Cohn</a> e <a href="/wiki/Michael_James_Lighthill" title="Michael James Lighthill">Michael James Lighthill</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/Leon_Max_Lederman" title="Leon Max Lederman">Leon Max Lederman</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Charles_Brown" title="Herbert Charles Brown">Herbert Charles Brown</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_H._Stillinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank H. Stillinger (página não existe)">Frank H. Stillinger</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Steven Weinberg</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Riccardo Giacconi</a></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1981: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marion_King_Hubbert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marion King Hubbert (página não existe)">Marion King Hubbert</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1982: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_P._Eubank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harold P. Eubank (página não existe)">Harold P. Eubank</a> e <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Bright_Wilson" title="Edgar Bright Wilson">Edgar Bright Wilson</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Neufeld" title="Elizabeth Neufeld">Elizabeth Neufeld</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Robert_N._Clayton" title="Robert N. Clayton">Robert N. Clayton</a> e <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Sakharov" title="Andrei Sakharov">Andrei Sakharov</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Leo_Kadanoff" title="Leo Kadanoff">Leo Kadanoff</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Gerd Binnig</a> e <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer" title="Heinrich Rohrer">Heinrich Rohrer</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Harry_George_Drickamer" title="Harry George Drickamer">Harry George Drickamer</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Lorenz" title="Edward Lorenz">Edward Lorenz</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Marlan_Scully" title="Marlan Scully">Marlan Scully</a></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Yakir_Aharonov" title="Yakir Aharonov">Yakir Aharonov</a> e <a href="/wiki/David_Bohm" title="David Bohm">David Bohm</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Tsui_Lap-Chee" title="Tsui Lap-Chee">Tsui Lap-Chee</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Harry_Caruthers" title="Marvin Harry Caruthers">Marvin Harry Caruthers</a> e <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Yi_Cho" title="Alfred Yi Cho">Alfred Yi Cho</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Fridovich" title="Irwin Fridovich">Irwin Fridovich</a> e <a href="/wiki/Joe_Milton_McCord" title="Joe Milton McCord">Joe Milton McCord</a></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Medalha_Henry_Draper_(1886_—_2021)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_Henry_Draper" title="Predefinição:Medalha Henry Draper"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Medalha_Henry_Draper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Medalha Henry Draper (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir 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Langley</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1888: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Charles_Pickering" title="Edward Charles Pickering">Edward Charles Pickering</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1890: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Augustus_Rowland" title="Henry Augustus Rowland">Henry Augustus Rowland</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1893: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Carl_Vogel" title="Hermann Carl Vogel">Hermann Carl Vogel</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1899: <a href="/wiki/James_Edward_Keeler" title="James Edward Keeler">James Edward Keeler</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1901: <a href="/wiki/William_Huggins" title="William Huggins">William Huggins</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1904: <a href="/wiki/George_Ellery_Hale" title="George Ellery Hale">George Ellery Hale</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1906: <a href="/wiki/William_Wallace_Campbell" title="William Wallace Campbell">William Wallace Campbell</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1910: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Greeley_Abbot" title="Charles Greeley Abbot">Charles Greeley Abbot</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1913: <a href="/wiki/Henri-Alexandre_Deslandres" title="Henri-Alexandre Deslandres">Henri-Alexandre Deslandres</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1915: <a href="/wiki/Joel_Stebbins" title="Joel Stebbins">Joel Stebbins</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1916: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Abraham Michelson">Albert Abraham Michelson</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1918: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Sydney_Adams" title="Walter Sydney Adams">Walter Sydney Adams</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1919: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Fabry" title="Charles Fabry">Charles Fabry</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1920: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Fowler" title="Alfred Fowler">Alfred Fowler</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1921: <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Pieter Zeeman</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1922: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Norris_Russell" title="Henry Norris Russell">Henry Norris Russell</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1924: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Stanley_Eddington" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Stanley Eddington">Arthur Stanley Eddington</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1926: <a href="/wiki/Harlow_Shapley" title="Harlow Shapley">Harlow Shapley</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1928: <a href="/wiki/William_Hammond_Wright" title="William Hammond Wright">William Hammond Wright</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1931: <a href="/wiki/Annie_Jump_Cannon" title="Annie Jump Cannon">Annie Jump Cannon</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1932: <a href="/wiki/Vesto_Melvin_Slipher" class="mw-redirect" title="Vesto Melvin Slipher">Vesto Melvin Slipher</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1934: <a href="/wiki/John_Stanley_Plaskett" title="John Stanley Plaskett">John Stanley Plaskett</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1936: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Kenneth_Mees" title="Charles Edward Kenneth Mees">Charles Edward Kenneth Mees</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1940: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Williams_Wood" title="Robert Williams Wood">Robert Williams Wood</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1942: <a href="/wiki/Ira_Sprague_Bowen" title="Ira Sprague Bowen">Ira Sprague Bowen</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1945: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Merrill" title="Paul Merrill">Paul Merrill</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1947: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Hans Bethe</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1949: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Struve" title="Otto Struve">Otto Struve</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1951: <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lyot" title="Bernard Lyot">Bernard Lyot</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1955: <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Christoffel_van_de_Hulst" title="Hendrik Christoffel van de Hulst">Hendrik Christoffel van de Hulst</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1957: <a href="/wiki/Horace_Welcome_Babcock" title="Horace Welcome Babcock">Horace Welcome Babcock</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1960: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Schwarzschild" title="Martin Schwarzschild">Martin Schwarzschild</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1963: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Tousey" title="Richard Tousey">Richard Tousey</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1965: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Martin Ryle</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1968: <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Edl%C3%A9n" title="Bengt Edlén">Bengt Edlén</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1971: <a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1974: <a href="/wiki/Lyman_Spitzer" title="Lyman Spitzer">Lyman Spitzer</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1977: <a href="/wiki/Arno_Allan_Penzias" title="Arno Allan Penzias">Arno Allan Penzias</a> e <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">Robert Woodrow Wilson</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1980: <a href="/wiki/William_Wilson_Morgan" title="William Wilson Morgan">William Wilson Morgan</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1985: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooton_Taylor" title="Joseph Hooton Taylor">Joseph Hooton Taylor</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1989: <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giovanelli" title="Riccardo Giovanelli">Riccardo Giovanelli</a> e <a href="/wiki/Martha_Patricia_Haynes" title="Martha Patricia Haynes">Martha Patricia Haynes</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1993: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Alpher" title="Ralph Alpher">Ralph Alpher</a> e <a href="/wiki/Robert_Herman" title="Robert Herman">Robert Herman</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1997: <a href="/wiki/Bohdan_Paczy%C5%84ski" title="Bohdan Paczyński">Bohdan Paczyński</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2001: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Paul_Butler" title="Robert Paul Butler">Robert Paul Butler</a> e <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Marcy" title="Geoffrey Marcy">Geoffrey Marcy</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2005: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Leonard_Bennett" title="Charles Leonard Bennett">Charles Leonard Bennett</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2009: <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gehrels" title="Neil Gehrels">Neil Gehrels</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2013: <a href="/wiki/William_Borucki" title="William Borucki">William Borucki</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2017: <a href="/wiki/Barry_C._Barish" title="Barry C. Barish">Barry C. Barish</a> e <a href="/wiki/Stanley_E._Whitcomb" title="Stanley E. Whitcomb">Stanley E. Whitcomb</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2021: <a href="/wiki/Sheperd_Doeleman" title="Sheperd Doeleman">Sheperd Doeleman</a> e <a href="/wiki/Heino_Falcke" title="Heino Falcke">Heino Falcke</a> </span> </p> </span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Medalha_Franklin_(1915–1997)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_Franklin" title="Predefinição:Medalha Franklin"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Medalha_Franklin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Medalha Franklin (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_Franklin&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Medalha_Franklin_(1915–1997)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_Franklin" title="Medalha Franklin">Medalha Franklin (1915–1997)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1915: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Heike Kamerlingh Onnes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1916: <a href="/wiki/John_Joseph_Carty" title="John Joseph Carty">John Joseph Carty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Theodore William Richards</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1917: <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Hendrik Lorentz</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Watson_Taylor" class="mw-redirect" title="David Watson Taylor">David Watson Taylor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1918: <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Corwin_Mendenhall" title="Thomas Corwin Mendenhall">Thomas Corwin Mendenhall</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1919: <a href="/wiki/James_Dewar" title="James Dewar">James Dewar</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Owen_Squier" title="George Owen Squier">George Owen Squier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Svante Arrhenius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Algernon_Parsons" title="Charles Algernon Parsons">Charles Algernon Parsons</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Fabry" title="Charles Fabry">Charles Fabry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Julian_Sprague" title="Frank Julian Sprague">Frank Julian Sprague</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Modjeski" title="Ralph Modjeski">Ralph Modjeski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">Joseph John Thomson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1923: <a href="/wiki/Gustave-Auguste_Ferri%C3%A9" title="Gustave-Auguste Ferrié">Gustave-Auguste Ferrié</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Abraham Michelson">Albert Abraham Michelson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1924: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Weston_(qu%C3%ADmico)" title="Edward Weston (químico)">Edward Weston</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/Elihu_Thomson" title="Elihu Thomson">Elihu Thomson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Pieter Zeeman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Rea" title="Samuel Rea">Samuel Rea</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/George_Ellery_Hale" title="George Ellery Hale">George Ellery Hale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1928: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Brush" title="Charles Francis Brush">Charles Francis Brush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walther_Nernst" title="Walther Nernst">Walther Nernst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Berliner" title="Emil Berliner">Emil Berliner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">Charles Thomson Rees Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">William Henry Bragg</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Frank_Stevens" title="John Frank Stevens">John Frank Stevens</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1931: <a href="/wiki/James_Hopwood_Jeans" class="mw-redirect" title="James Hopwood Jeans">James Hopwood Jeans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willis_Rodney_Whitney" title="Willis Rodney Whitney">Willis Rodney Whitney</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1932: <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Lenard" title="Philipp Lenard">Philipp Lenard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Swasey" title="Ambrose Swasey">Ambrose Swasey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1933: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sabatier" title="Paul Sabatier">Paul Sabatier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irm%C3%A3os_Wright" title="Irmãos Wright">Irmãos Wright</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1934: <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Irving Langmuir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Norris_Russell" title="Henry Norris Russell">Henry Norris Russell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Ambrose_Fleming" title="John Ambrose Fleming">John Ambrose Fleming</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Baldwin_Jewett" title="Frank Baldwin Jewett">Frank Baldwin Jewett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kettering" title="Charles Kettering">Charles Kettering</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Robert Andrews Millikan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/William_Frederick_Durand" title="William Frederick Durand">William Frederick Durand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_August_Kraus" title="Charles August Kraus">Charles August Kraus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1939: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Powell_Hubble" title="Edwin Powell Hubble">Edwin Powell Hubble</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Sauveur" title="Albert Sauveur">Albert Sauveur</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1940: <a href="/wiki/Leo_Baekeland" title="Leo Baekeland">Leo Baekeland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Holly_Compton" title="Arthur Holly Compton">Arthur Holly Compton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1941: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Armstrong" title="Edwin Armstrong">Edwin Armstrong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chandrasekhara_Venkata_Raman" title="Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman">Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1942: <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Clarke_Hunsaker" title="Jerome Clarke Hunsaker">Jerome Clarke Hunsaker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dyer_Merica" title="Paul Dyer Merica">Paul Dyer Merica</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1943: <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Pierce" title="George Washington Pierce">George Washington Pierce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Clayton_Urey" title="Harold Clayton Urey">Harold Clayton Urey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/William_David_Coolidge" class="mw-redirect" title="William David Coolidge">William David Coolidge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Kapitsa" title="Pyotr Kapitsa">Pyotr Kapitsa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/Harlow_Shapley" title="Harlow Shapley">Harlow Shapley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1946: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clapp_Sherman" title="Henry Clapp Sherman">Henry Clapp Sherman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Tizard" title="Henry Tizard">Henry Tizard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1947: <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson" title="Robert Robinson">Robert Robinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1948: <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley" title="Wendell Meredith Stanley">Wendell Meredith Stanley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán">Theodore von Kármán</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Svedberg" title="Theodor Svedberg">Theodor Svedberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Paul_Wigner" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Paul Wigner">Eugene Paul Wigner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">James Chadwick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Wolfgang Pauli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/William_Francis_Gibbs" title="William Francis Gibbs">William Francis Gibbs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Kenneth_Mees" title="Charles Edward Kenneth Mees">Charles Edward Kenneth Mees</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1955: <a href="/wiki/Arne_Tiselius" title="Arne Tiselius">Arne Tiselius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1956: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Whittle" title="Frank Whittle">Frank Whittle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Stott_Taylor" title="Hugh Stott Taylor">Hugh Stott Taylor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Wills_Douglas" title="Donald Wills Douglas">Donald Wills Douglas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Hans Bethe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Adams" title="Roger Adams">Roger Adams</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Detlev_Bronk" title="Detlev Bronk">Detlev Bronk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Ingram_Taylor" title="Geoffrey Ingram Taylor">Geoffrey Ingram Taylor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Theodore_Seaborg" title="Glenn Theodore Seaborg">Glenn Theodore Seaborg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1964: <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Breit" title="Gregory Breit">Gregory Breit</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1965: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Seitz" title="Frederick Seitz">Frederick Seitz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1966: <a href="/wiki/Britton_Chance" title="Britton Chance">Britton Chance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1967: <a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Murray Gell-Mann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1968: <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Nirenberg">Marshall Nirenberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_Wheeler" title="John Archibald Wheeler">John Archibald Wheeler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Panofsky" title="Wolfgang Panofsky">Wolfgang Panofsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Alfvén">Hannes Alfvén</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/George_Kistiakowsky" title="George Kistiakowsky">George Kistiakowsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Theodosius_Dobzhansky" title="Theodosius Dobzhansky">Theodosius Dobzhansky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Bogoliubov" title="Nikolai Bogoliubov">Nikolai Bogoliubov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/Mahlon_Hoagland" title="Mahlon Hoagland">Mahlon Hoagland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Manton_Harris" title="Cyril Manton Harris">Cyril Manton Harris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Elias James Corey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/George_Evelyn_Hutchinson" title="George Evelyn Hutchinson">George Evelyn Hutchinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Avram_Goldstein" title="Avram Goldstein">Avram Goldstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lyman_Spitzer" title="Lyman Spitzer">Lyman Spitzer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Stephen Hawking</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">César Milstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Wilson" title="Kenneth Wilson">Kenneth Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Verner_Suomi" title="Verner Suomi">Verner Suomi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/George_Claude_Pimentel" title="George Claude Pimentel">George Claude Pimentel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Mandelbrot" title="Benoît Mandelbrot">Benoît Mandelbrot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen" title="Stanley Cohen">Stanley Cohen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth">Donald Knuth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Huxley" title="Hugh Huxley">Hugh Huxley</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Turnbull" title="David Turnbull">David Turnbull</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Frederick Reines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Gerardus_%27t_Hooft" title="Gerardus 't Hooft">Gerardus 't Hooft</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Richard Smalley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Mario_Capecchi" title="Mario Capecchi">Mario Capecchi</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Medalha_de_Ouro_da_Royal_Astronomical_Society_(1824_–_2024)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_de_Ouro_da_Royal_Astronomical_Society" title="Predefinição:Medalha de Ouro da Royal Astronomical Society"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Medalha_de_Ouro_da_Royal_Astronomical_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Medalha de 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class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;font-size:95%;line-height:120%;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 1820</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#FFFFFF;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1824: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Babbage" title="Charles Babbage">Charles Babbage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Franz_Encke" title="Johann Franz Encke">Johann Franz Encke</a></li> <li>1826: <a href="/wiki/John_Herschel" title="John Herschel">John Herschel</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_South" title="James South">James South</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Georg_Wilhelm_Struve" title="Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve">Wilhelm Struve</a></li> <li>1827: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Baily" title="Francis Baily">Francis Baily</a></li> <li>1828: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brisbane" title="Thomas Brisbane">Thomas Brisbane</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Dunlop" title="James Dunlop">James Dunlop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Herschel" title="Caroline Herschel">Caroline Herschel</a></li> <li>1829: <a href="/wiki/William_Pearson" title="William Pearson">William Pearson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Bessel" title="Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel">Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Christian_Schumacher" title="Heinrich Christian Schumacher">Heinrich Christian Schumacher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 1830</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#F7F7F7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1830: <a href="/wiki/William_Richardson_(astr%C3%B4nomo)" title="William Richardson (astrônomo)">William Richardson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Franz_Encke" title="Johann Franz Encke">Johann Franz Encke</a></li> <li>1831: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kater" title="Henry Kater">Henry Kater</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marie-Charles_Damoiseau" title="Marie-Charles Damoiseau">Marie-Charles Damoiseau</a></li> <li>1833: <a href="/wiki/George_Biddell_Airy" title="George Biddell Airy">George Biddell Airy</a></li> <li>1835: <a href="/wiki/Manuel_John_Johnson" title="Manuel John Johnson">Manuel John Johnson</a></li> <li>1836: <a href="/wiki/John_Herschel" title="John Herschel">John Herschel</a></li> <li>1837: <a href="/wiki/Otto_August_Rosenberger" title="Otto August Rosenberger">Otto August Rosenberger</a></li> <li>1839: <a href="/wiki/John_Wrottesley" title="John Wrottesley">John Wrottesley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 1840</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#FFFFFF;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1840: <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Plana" title="Giovanni Plana">Giovanni Plana</a></li> <li>1841: <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Bessel" title="Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel">Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel</a></li> <li>1842: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Andreas_Hansen" title="Peter Andreas Hansen">Peter Andreas Hansen</a></li> <li>1843: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Baily" title="Francis Baily">Francis Baily</a></li> <li>1845: <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Smyth" title="William Henry Smyth">William Henry Smyth</a></li> <li>1846: <a href="/wiki/George_Biddell_Airy" title="George Biddell Airy">George Biddell Airy</a></li> <li>1849: <a href="/wiki/William_Lassell" title="William Lassell">William Lassell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 1850</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#F7F7F7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1850: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Wilhelm_von_Struve" title="Otto Wilhelm von Struve">Otto Wilhelm von Struve</a></li> <li>1851: <a href="/wiki/Annibale_de_Gasparis" title="Annibale de Gasparis">Annibale de Gasparis</a></li> <li>1852: <a href="/wiki/Christian_August_Friedrich_Peters" title="Christian August Friedrich Peters">Christian August Friedrich Peters</a></li> <li>1853: <a href="/wiki/John_Russell_Hind" title="John Russell Hind">John Russell Hind</a></li> <li>1854: <a href="/wiki/Karl_R%C3%BCmker" title="Karl Rümker">Karl Rümker</a></li> <li>1855: <a href="/wiki/William_Rutter_Dawes" title="William Rutter Dawes">William Rutter Dawes</a></li> <li>1856: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Grant" title="Robert Grant">Robert Grant</a></li> <li>1857: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Heinrich_Schwabe" title="Samuel Heinrich Schwabe">Samuel Heinrich Schwabe</a></li> <li>1858: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Main" title="Robert Main">Robert Main</a></li> <li>1859: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Christopher_Carrington" title="Richard Christopher Carrington">Richard Christopher Carrington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 1860</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#FFFFFF;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1860: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Andreas_Hansen" title="Peter Andreas Hansen">Peter Andreas Hansen</a></li> <li>1861: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Mayer_Salomon_Goldschmidt" title="Hermann Mayer Salomon Goldschmidt">Hermann Mayer Salomon Goldschmidt</a></li> <li>1862: <a href="/wiki/Warren_De_La_Rue" title="Warren De La Rue">Warren De La Rue</a></li> <li>1863: <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_August_Argelander" title="Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander">Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander</a></li> <li>1865: <a href="/wiki/George_Phillips_Bond" title="George Phillips Bond">George Phillips Bond</a></li> <li>1866: <a href="/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams">John Couch Adams</a></li> <li>1867: <a href="/wiki/William_Huggins" title="William Huggins">William Huggins</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Allen_Miller" title="William Allen Miller">William Allen Miller</a></li> <li>1868: <a href="/wiki/Urbain_Le_Verrier" title="Urbain Le Verrier">Urbain Le Verrier</a></li> <li>1869: <a href="/wiki/Edward_James_Stone" title="Edward James Stone">Edward James Stone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 1870</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#F7F7F7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1870: <a href="/wiki/Charles-Eug%C3%A8ne_Delaunay" title="Charles-Eugène Delaunay">Charles-Eugène Delaunay</a></li> <li>1872: <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Schiaparelli" title="Giovanni Schiaparelli">Giovanni Schiaparelli</a></li> <li>1874: <a href="/wiki/Simon_Newcomb" title="Simon Newcomb">Simon Newcomb</a></li> <li>1875: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Louis_d%27Arrest" title="Heinrich Louis d'Arrest">Heinrich Louis d'Arrest</a></li> <li>1876: <a href="/wiki/Urbain_Le_Verrier" title="Urbain Le Verrier">Urbain Le Verrier</a></li> <li>1878: <a href="/wiki/Ercole_Dembowski" title="Ercole Dembowski">Ercole Dembowski</a></li> <li>1879: <a href="/wiki/Asaph_Hall" title="Asaph Hall">Asaph Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 1880</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#FFFFFF;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1881: <a href="/wiki/Axel_M%C3%B6ller" title="Axel Möller">Axel Möller</a></li> <li>1882: <a href="/wiki/David_Gill" title="David Gill">David Gill</a></li> <li>1883: <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Apthorp_Gould" title="Benjamin Apthorp Gould">Benjamin Apthorp Gould</a></li> <li>1884: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Ainslie_Common" title="Andrew Ainslie Common">Andrew Ainslie Common</a></li> <li>1885: <a href="/wiki/William_Huggins" title="William Huggins">William Huggins</a></li> <li>1886: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Charles_Pickering" title="Edward Charles Pickering">Edward Charles Pickering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pritchard" title="Charles Pritchard">Charles Pritchard</a></li> <li>1887: <a href="/wiki/George_William_Hill" title="George William Hill">George William Hill</a></li> <li>1888: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Auwers" title="Arthur Auwers">Arthur Auwers</a></li> <li>1889: <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Loewy" title="Maurice Loewy">Maurice Loewy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 1890</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#F7F7F7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1892: <a href="/wiki/George_Darwin" title="George Darwin">George Darwin</a></li> <li>1893: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Carl_Vogel" title="Hermann Carl Vogel">Hermann Carl Vogel</a></li> <li>1894: <a href="/wiki/Sherburne_Wesley_Burnham" title="Sherburne Wesley Burnham">Sherburne Wesley Burnham</a></li> <li>1895: <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Roberts" title="Isaac Roberts">Isaac Roberts</a></li> <li>1896: <a href="/wiki/Seth_Carlo_Chandler" title="Seth Carlo Chandler">Seth Carlo Chandler</a></li> <li>1897: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Barnard" title="Edward Barnard">Edward Barnard</a></li> <li>1898: <a href="/wiki/William_Frederick_Denning" title="William Frederick Denning">William Frederick Denning</a></li> <li>1899: <a href="/wiki/Frank_McClean" title="Frank McClean">Frank McClean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Medalha de Prata</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#FFFFFF;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1824: <a href="/wiki/Karl_R%C3%BCmker" title="Karl Rümker">Karl Rümker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Pons" title="Jean-Louis Pons">Jean-Louis Pons</a></li> <li>1827 <a href="/wiki/William_Samuel_Stratford" title="William Samuel Stratford">William Samuel Stratford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Beaufoy" title="Mark Beaufoy">Mark Beaufoy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Medalha de<br />Reconhecimento</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#F7F7F7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1848: <a href="/wiki/George_Biddell_Airy" title="George Biddell Airy">George Biddell Airy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams">John Couch Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_August_Argelander" title="Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander">Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bishop" title="George Bishop">George Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Everest" title="George Everest">George Everest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Herschel" title="John Herschel">John Herschel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Andreas_Hansen" title="Peter Andreas Hansen">Peter Andreas Hansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Ludwig_Hencke" title="Karl Ludwig Hencke">Karl Ludwig Hencke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell_Hind" title="John Russell Hind">John Russell Hind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbain_Le_Verrier" title="Urbain Le Verrier">Urbain Le Verrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_William_Lubbock" title="John William Lubbock">John William Lubbock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_von_Wei%C3%9Fe" title="Maximilian von Weiße">Maximilian von Weiße</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Asaph_Hall_Gold_Medal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A medalha de ouro de Asaph Hall, 1879."><img alt="A medalha de ouro de Asaph Hall, 1879." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Asaph_Hall_Gold_Medal.jpg/50px-Asaph_Hall_Gold_Medal.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Asaph_Hall_Gold_Medal.jpg/75px-Asaph_Hall_Gold_Medal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Asaph_Hall_Gold_Medal.jpg/100px-Asaph_Hall_Gold_Medal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Século XX</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;font-size:95%;line-height:120%;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 1900</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#FFFFFF;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1900: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Henri Poincaré">Henri Poincaré</a></li> <li>1901: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Charles_Pickering" title="Edward Charles Pickering">Edward Charles Pickering</a></li> <li>1902: <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Kapteyn" title="Jacobus Kapteyn">Jacobus Kapteyn</a></li> <li>1903: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Struve" title="Hermann Struve">Hermann Struve</a></li> <li>1904: <a href="/wiki/George_Ellery_Hale" title="George Ellery Hale">George Ellery Hale</a></li> <li>1905: <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Boss" title="Lewis Boss">Lewis Boss</a></li> <li>1906: <a href="/wiki/William_Wallace_Campbell" title="William Wallace Campbell">William Wallace Campbell</a></li> <li>1907: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_William_Brown" title="Ernest William Brown">Ernest William Brown</a></li> <li>1908: <a href="/wiki/David_Gill" title="David Gill">David Gill</a></li> <li>1909: <a href="/wiki/Oskar_Backlund" title="Oskar Backlund">Oskar Backlund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 1910</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#F7F7F7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1910: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Friedrich_K%C3%BCstner" title="Karl Friedrich Küstner">Karl Friedrich Küstner</a></li> <li>1911: <a href="/wiki/Philip_Herbert_Cowell" title="Philip Herbert Cowell">Philip Herbert Cowell</a></li> <li>1912: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Robert_Hinks" title="Arthur Robert Hinks">Arthur Robert Hinks</a></li> <li>1913: <a href="/wiki/Henri-Alexandre_Deslandres" title="Henri-Alexandre Deslandres">Henri-Alexandre Deslandres</a></li> <li>1914: <a href="/wiki/Max_Wolf" title="Max Wolf">Max Wolf</a></li> <li>1915: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Fowler" title="Alfred Fowler">Alfred Fowler</a></li> <li>1916: <a href="/wiki/John_Dreyer" title="John Dreyer">John Dreyer</a></li> <li>1917: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Sydney_Adams" title="Walter Sydney Adams">Walter Sydney Adams</a></li> <li>1918: <a href="/wiki/John_Evershed" title="John Evershed">John Evershed</a></li> <li>1919: <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Bigourdan" title="Guillaume Bigourdan">Guillaume Bigourdan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 1920</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#FFFFFF;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1921: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Norris_Russell" title="Henry Norris Russell">Henry Norris Russell</a></li> <li>1922: <a href="/wiki/James_Jeans" title="James Jeans">James Jeans</a></li> <li>1923: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Albert A. Michelson</a></li> <li>1924: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Eddington" title="Arthur Eddington">Arthur Eddington</a></li> <li>1925: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Watson_Dyson" title="Frank Watson Dyson">Frank Watson Dyson</a></li> <li>1926: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a></li> <li>1927: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Schlesinger" title="Frank Schlesinger">Frank Schlesinger</a></li> <li>1928: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Allen_Sampson" title="Ralph Allen Sampson">Ralph Allen Sampson</a></li> <li>1929: <a href="/wiki/Ejnar_Hertzsprung" title="Ejnar Hertzsprung">Ejnar Hertzsprung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 1930</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#F7F7F7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1930: <a href="/wiki/John_Stanley_Plaskett" title="John Stanley Plaskett">John Stanley Plaskett</a></li> <li>1931: <a href="/wiki/Willem_de_Sitter" title="Willem de Sitter">Willem de Sitter</a></li> <li>1932: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Grant_Aitken" title="Robert Grant Aitken">Robert Grant Aitken</a></li> <li>1933: <a href="/wiki/Vesto_M._Slipher" title="Vesto M. Slipher">Vesto M. Slipher</a></li> <li>1934: <a href="/wiki/Harlow_Shapley" title="Harlow Shapley">Harlow Shapley</a></li> <li>1935: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Arthur_Milne" title="Edward Arthur Milne">Edward Arthur Milne</a></li> <li>1936: <a href="/wiki/Hisashi_Kimura" title="Hisashi Kimura">Hisashi Kimura</a></li> <li>1937: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Jeffreys" title="Harold Jeffreys">Harold Jeffreys</a></li> <li>1938: <a href="/wiki/William_Hammond_Wright" title="William Hammond Wright">William Hammond Wright</a></li> <li>1939: <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lyot" title="Bernard Lyot">Bernard Lyot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 1940</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#FFFFFF;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1940: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Powell_Hubble" title="Edwin Powell Hubble">Edwin Powell Hubble</a></li> <li>1943: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Spencer_Jones" title="Harold Spencer Jones">Harold Spencer Jones</a></li> <li>1944: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Struve" title="Otto Struve">Otto Struve</a></li> <li>1945: <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Edl%C3%A9n" title="Bengt Edlén">Bengt Edlén</a></li> <li>1946: <a href="/wiki/Jan_Oort" title="Jan Oort">Jan Oort</a></li> <li>1947: <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Minnaert" title="Marcel Minnaert">Marcel Minnaert</a></li> <li>1948: <a href="/wiki/Bertil_Lindblad" title="Bertil Lindblad">Bertil Lindblad</a></li> <li>1949: <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Chapman" title="Sydney Chapman">Sydney Chapman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 1950</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#F7F7F7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1950: <a href="/wiki/Joel_Stebbins" title="Joel Stebbins">Joel Stebbins</a></li> <li>1951: <a href="/wiki/Anton_Pannekoek" title="Anton Pannekoek">Anton Pannekoek</a></li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/John_Jackson" title="John Jackson">John Jackson</a></li> <li>1953: <a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a></li> <li>1954: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Baade" title="Walter Baade">Walter Baade</a></li> <li>1955: <a href="/wiki/Dirk_Brouwer" title="Dirk Brouwer">Dirk Brouwer</a></li> <li>1956: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_George_Cowling" title="Thomas George Cowling">Thomas George Cowling</a></li> <li>1957: <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Uns%C3%B6ld" title="Albrecht Unsöld">Albrecht Unsöld</a></li> <li>1958: <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Louis_Danjon" title="André-Louis Danjon">André-Louis Danjon</a></li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Lyttleton" title="Raymond Lyttleton">Raymond Lyttleton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 1960</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#FFFFFF;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1960: <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Ambartsumian" title="Viktor Ambartsumian">Viktor Ambartsumian</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/Herman_Zanstra" title="Herman Zanstra">Herman Zanstra</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Str%C3%B6mgren" title="Bengt Strömgren">Bengt Strömgren</a></li> <li>1963: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Hemley_Plaskett" title="Harry Hemley Plaskett">Harry Hemley Plaskett</a></li> <li>1964: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Martin Ryle</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Maurice_Ewing" title="William Maurice Ewing">William Maurice Ewing</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bullard" title="Edward Bullard">Edward Bullard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Maurice_Clemence" title="Gerald Maurice Clemence">Gerald Maurice Clemence</a></li> <li>1966: <a href="/wiki/Ira_Sprague_Bowen" title="Ira Sprague Bowen">Ira Sprague Bowen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Clayton_Urey" title="Harold Clayton Urey">Harold Clayton Urey</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Alfvén">Hannes Alfvén</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allan_Rex_Sandage" title="Allan Rex Sandage">Allan Rex Sandage</a></li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/Fred_Hoyle" title="Fred Hoyle">Fred Hoyle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Munk" title="Walter Munk">Walter Munk</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Thomas_Price" title="Albert Thomas Price">Albert Thomas Price</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Schwarzschild" title="Martin Schwarzschild">Martin Schwarzschild</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 1970</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#F7F7F7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1970: <a href="/wiki/Horace_Welcome_Babcock" title="Horace Welcome Babcock">Horace Welcome Babcock</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Press" title="Frank Press">Frank Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_van_der_Riet_Woolley" title="Richard van der Riet Woolley">Richard van der Riet Woolley</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/Hal_Thirlaway" title="Hal Thirlaway">Hal Thirlaway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Zwicky" title="Fritz Zwicky">Fritz Zwicky</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Birch" title="Francis Birch">Francis Birch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_E._Salpeter" title="Edwin E. Salpeter">Edwin E. Salpeter</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Biermann" title="Ludwig Biermann">Ludwig Biermann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keith_Edward_Bullen" title="Keith Edward Bullen">Keith Edward Bullen</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Leonard_Greenstein" title="Jesse Leonard Greenstein">Jesse Leonard Greenstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_%C3%96pik" title="Ernst Öpik">Ernst Öpik</a></li> <li>1976: <a href="/wiki/William_McCrea" title="William McCrea">William McCrea</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Ashworth_Ratcliffe" title="John Ashworth Ratcliffe">John Ashworth Ratcliffe</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/David_Bates" title="David Bates">David Bates</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Gatenby_Bolton" title="John Gatenby Bolton">John Gatenby Bolton</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Lyman_Spitzer" title="Lyman Spitzer">Lyman Spitzer</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Van_Allen" title="James Van Allen">James Van Allen</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Leon_Knopoff" title="Leon Knopoff">Leon Knopoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Gorrie_Wynne" title="Charles Gorrie Wynne">Charles Gorrie Wynne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 1980</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#FFFFFF;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Chaim_Leib_Pekeris" title="Chaim Leib Pekeris">Chaim Leib Pekeris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maarten_Schmidt" title="Maarten Schmidt">Maarten Schmidt</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/James_Freeman_Gilbert" title="James Freeman Gilbert">James Freeman Gilbert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lovell" title="Bernard Lovell">Bernard Lovell</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Riccardo Giacconi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harrie_Massey" title="Harrie Massey">Harrie Massey</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Seaton" title="Michael Seaton">Michael Seaton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fred_L._Whipple" title="Fred L. Whipple">Fred L. Whipple</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Keith_Runcorn" title="Keith Runcorn">Keith Runcorn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jakov_Seldovich" title="Jakov Seldovich">Jakov Seldovich</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gold" title="Thomas Gold">Thomas Gold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Stephen Hawking</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/George_Edward_Backus" title="George Edward Backus">George Edward Backus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dalgarno" title="Alexander Dalgarno">Alexander Dalgarno</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Takeshi_Nagata" title="Takeshi Nagata">Takeshi Nagata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Rees" title="Martin Rees">Martin Rees</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Don_Lynn_Anderson" title="Don Lynn Anderson">Don Lynn Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_de_Jager" title="Cornelis de Jager">Cornelis de Jager</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Hide" title="Raymond Hide">Raymond Hide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ken_Pounds" title="Ken Pounds">Ken Pounds</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 1990</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#F7F7F7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1990: <a href="/wiki/James_Dungey" title="James Dungey">James Dungey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Pagel" title="Bernard Pagel">Bernard Pagel</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Ginzburg" title="Vitaly Ginzburg">Vitaly Ginzburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Joseph_Wasserburg" title="Gerald Joseph Wasserburg">Gerald Joseph Wasserburg</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Dan_Peter_McKenzie" title="Dan Peter McKenzie">Dan Peter McKenzie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Parker" title="Eugene Parker">Eugene Parker</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Goldreich" title="Peter Goldreich">Peter Goldreich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Lynden-Bell" title="Donald Lynden-Bell">Donald Lynden-Bell</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/James_Gunn_(astr%C3%B4nomo)" title="James Gunn (astrônomo)">James Gunn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Reeve_Kaiser" title="Thomas Reeve Kaiser">Thomas Reeve Kaiser</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/John_Houghton" title="John Houghton">John Houghton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rashid_Sunyaev" title="Rashid Sunyaev">Rashid Sunyaev</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Creer" title="Kenneth Creer">Kenneth Creer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vera_Rubin" title="Vera Rubin">Vera Rubin</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Farley" title="Donald Farley">Donald Farley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Edward_Osterbrock" title="Donald Edward Osterbrock">Donald Edward Osterbrock</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Ladislav_Parker" title="Robert Ladislav Parker">Robert Ladislav Parker</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Peebles" title="James Peebles">James Peebles</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Budden" title="Kenneth Budden">Kenneth Budden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bohdan_Paczy%C5%84ski" title="Bohdan Paczyński">Bohdan Paczyński</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Século XXI</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;font-size:95%;line-height:120%;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#FFFFFF;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Leon_Lucy" title="Leon Lucy">Leon Lucy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hutchison" title="Robert Hutchison">Robert Hutchison</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Bondi" title="Hermann Bondi">Hermann Bondi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Rishbeth" title="Henry Rishbeth">Henry Rishbeth</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Leon_Mestel" title="Leon Mestel">Leon Mestel</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Arthur_Jacobs" title="John Arthur Jacobs">John Arthur Jacobs</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/John_Norris_Bahcall" title="John Norris Bahcall">John Norris Bahcall</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Gubbins" title="David Gubbins">David Gubbins</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Paul_Ostriker" title="Jeremiah Paul Ostriker">Jeremiah Paul Ostriker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grenville_Turner" title="Grenville Turner">Grenville Turner</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Burbidge" title="Margaret Burbidge">Margaret Burbidge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Burbidge" title="Geoffrey Burbidge">Geoffrey Burbidge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carole_Jordan" title="Carole Jordan">Carole Jordan</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Simon_White" title="Simon White">Simon White</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanley_William_Herbert_Cowley" title="Stanley William Herbert Cowley">Stanley William Herbert Cowley</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Culhane" title="Leonard Culhane">Leonard Culhane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Weiss" title="Nigel Weiss">Nigel Weiss</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Silk" title="Joseph Silk">Joseph Silk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kennett" title="Brian Kennett">Brian Kennett</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/David_Williams_(astr%C3%B4nomo)" title="David Williams (astrônomo)">David Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Priest" title="Eric Priest">Eric Priest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 2010</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#F7F7F7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Gough" title="Douglas Gough">Douglas Gough</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Woodhouse" title="John Woodhouse">John Woodhouse</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Salisbury_Ellis" title="Richard Salisbury Ellis">Richard Salisbury Ellis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eberhard_Gr%C3%BCn" title="Eberhard Grün">Eberhard Grün</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fabian" title="Andrew Fabian">Andrew Fabian</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Campbell_Brown" title="John Campbell Brown">John Campbell Brown</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Blandford" title="Roger Blandford">Roger Blandford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Chapman" title="Chris Chapman">Chris Chapman</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Frenk" title="Carlos Frenk">Carlos Frenk</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Zarnecki" title="John Zarnecki">John Zarnecki</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Michel Mayor</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/John_David_Barrow" title="John David Barrow">John David Barrow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_England" title="Philip England">Philip England</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Kaiser" title="Nicholas Kaiser">Nicholas Kaiser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michele_Dougherty" title="Michele Dougherty">Michele Dougherty</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/James_Hough" title="James Hough">James Hough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_White_(geof%C3%ADsico)" title="Robert White (geofísico)">Robert White</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kennicutt" title="Robert Kennicutt">Robert Kennicutt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Kivelson" title="Margaret Kivelson">Margaret Kivelson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 2020</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#FFFFFF;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Faber" title="Sandra Faber">Sandra Faber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Elsworth" title="Yvonne Elsworth">Yvonne Elsworth</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Jocelyn_Bell_Burnell" title="Jocelyn Bell Burnell">Jocelyn Bell Burnell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thorne_Lay" title="Thorne Lay">Thorne Lay</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/George_Efstathiou" title="George Efstathiou">George Efstathiou</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_B._Horne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard B. Horne (página não existe)">Richard B. Horne</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/John_Andrew_Peacock" title="John Andrew Peacock">John Andrew Peacock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Palmer" title="Tim Palmer">Tim Palmer</a></li> <li>2024: <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Chabrier" title="Gilles Chabrier">Gilles Chabrier</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John-Michael_Kendall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John-Michael Kendall (página não existe)">John-Michael Kendall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidentes_da_Academia_Nacional_de_Ciências_dos_Estados_Unidos_border&#124;22px&#124;link=Estados_Unidos&#124;alt=Estados_Unidos" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a 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Gibbs</a></li> <li>1901: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Emanuel_Agassiz" title="Alexander Emanuel Agassiz">Alexander Emanuel Agassiz</a></li> <li>1907: <a href="/wiki/Ira_Remsen" title="Ira Remsen">Ira Remsen</a></li> <li>1913: <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Welch" title="William Henry Welch">William Henry Welch</a></li> <li>1917: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Doolittle_Walcott" title="Charles Doolittle Walcott">Charles Doolittle Walcott</a></li> <li>1923: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Abraham Michelson">Albert Abraham Michelson</a></li> <li>1927: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan">Thomas Hunt Morgan</a></li> <li>1931: <a href="/wiki/William_Wallace_Campbell" title="William Wallace Campbell">William Wallace Campbell</a></li> <li>1935: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Rattray_Lillie" title="Frank Rattray Lillie">Frank Rattray Lillie</a></li> <li>1939: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Baldwin_Jewett" title="Frank Baldwin Jewett">Frank Baldwin Jewett</a></li> <li>1947: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Newton_Richards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Newton Richards (página não existe)">Alfred Newton Richards</a></li> <li>1950: <a href="/wiki/Detlev_Bronk" title="Detlev Bronk">Detlev Bronk</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Seitz" title="Frederick Seitz">Frederick Seitz</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/Philip_Handler" title="Philip Handler">Philip Handler</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Press" title="Frank Press">Frank Press</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Alberts" title="Bruce Alberts">Bruce Alberts</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Cicerone" title="Ralph Cicerone">Ralph Cicerone</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Marcia_McNutt" title="Marcia McNutt">Marcia McNutt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Controle_de_autoridade" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" 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2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span>: <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127234" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q127234">Q127234</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/98056250">WorldCat</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Base_Virtual_Internacional_de_Autoridade" title="Base Virtual Internacional de Autoridade">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/98056250/">98056250</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Apost%C3%B3lica_Vaticana" title="Biblioteca Apostólica Vaticana">BAV</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://viaf.org/processed/BAV%7CADV11028813">ADV11028813</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Bibsys" title="Bibsys">BIBSYS</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90360615">90360615</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_do_Chile" title="Biblioteca Nacional do Chile">BNCHL</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F/?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000504609">000504609</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Biblioteca Nacional da França">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123470892">123470892</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Grande_Enciclop%C3%A9dia_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="Grande Enciclopédia Soviética">BRE</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/2163999">2163999</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_de_autoridades_de_nomes_e_t%C3%ADtulos_da_Catalunha" title="Catálogo de autoridades de nomes e títulos da Catalunha">CANTIC</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058527840806706">981058527840806706</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA06369182">DA06369182</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">EBID</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/A-A-Michelson">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Faceted_Application_of_Subject_Terminology" title="Faceted Application of Subject Terminology">FAST</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.worldcat.org/fast/1716583">1716583</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118783750">118783750</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Projeto_Gutenberg" title="Projeto Gutenberg">Gutenberg</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/4093">4093</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Istituto_centrale_per_il_catalogo_unico_delle_biblioteche_italiane_e_per_le_informazioni_bibliografiche" title="Istituto centrale per il catalogo unico delle biblioteche italiane e per le informazioni bibliografiche">ICCU</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/risultati-autori/-/opac-autori/detail/MILV030189?core=autoriall">MILV030189</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109281070">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_de_controle_da_Biblioteca_do_Congresso" title="Número de controle da Biblioteca do Congresso">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50036642">n50036642</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">MGP</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=72170">72170</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Dieta" title="Biblioteca Nacional da Dieta">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00621128">00621128</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Austr%C3%A1lia" title="Biblioteca Nacional da Austrália">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librariesaustralia.nla.gov.au/search/display?dbid=auth&id=35311288">35311288</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Notable_Names_Database" class="mw-redirect" title="Notable Names Database">NNDB</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nndb.com/people/501/000099204/">000099204</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Real_dos_Pa%C3%ADses_Baixos" title="Biblioteca Real dos Países Baixos">NTA</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p067497233">067497233</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/NUKAT" class="extiw" title="pl:NUKAT">NUKAT</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=1207&url_prefix=http://nukat.edu.pl/aut/&id=n00074722">n00074722</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">openMLOL: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.medialibrary.it/media/ricercaopen.aspx?selcrea=28748">28748</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Scopus_(base_de_dados_bibliogr%C3%A1fica)" title="Scopus (base de dados bibliográfica)">Scopus</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=24771297500">24771297500</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNAC" class="extiw" title="en:SNAC">SNAC</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6833vkf">w6833vkf</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sistema_Universit%C3%A1rio_de_Documenta%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Sistema Universitário de Documentação">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/032441487">032441487</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclop%C3%A9dia_Treccani" title="Enciclopédia Treccani">Treccani</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/albert-abraham-michelson">albert-abraham-michelson</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/WikiTree" title="WikiTree">WikiTree</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Michelson-94">Michelson-94</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">OL</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL177868A?mode=all">OL177868A</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Israel" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Israel">NLI</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=direct&local_base=nlx10&doc_number=000317445">000317445</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Castellani_(Floren%C3%A7a)" title="Palazzo Castellani (Florença)">MG</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.museogalileo.it/imss/authResource?uri=190381">190381</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Austr%C3%A1lia" title="Biblioteca Nacional da Austrália">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/907254">907254</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Pol%C3%B3nia" title="Biblioteca Nacional da Polónia">NLP</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/a0000001218763">a0000001218763</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtida de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albert_A._Michelson&oldid=67208518">https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albert_A._Michelson&oldid=67208518</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categorias</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Nascidos_em_1852" title="Categoria:Nascidos em 1852">Nascidos em 1852</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Mortos_em_1931" title="Categoria:Mortos em 1931">Mortos em 1931</a></li><li><a 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