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id="toc-Early_history_and_founding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history_and_founding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Early history and founding </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history_and_founding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 19th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_and_21st_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_and_21st_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 20th and 21st centuries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_and_21st_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cityscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cityscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Cityscape </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2020_Census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020_Census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 2020 Census </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020_Census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Crime </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Top_Employers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Top_Employers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Top Employers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Top_Employers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Arts and culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Arts and culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Annual_festivals_and_other_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annual_festivals_and_other_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Annual festivals and other events </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Annual_festivals_and_other_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indie_scene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indie_scene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Indie scene </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indie_scene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums,_galleries_and_interpretive_centers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums,_galleries_and_interpretive_centers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Museums, galleries and interpretive centers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums,_galleries_and_interpretive_centers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performing_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performing_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Performing arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performing_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Sports </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sports-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Sports subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Professional_teams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Professional_teams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Professional teams </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Professional_teams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Parks and recreation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Infrastructure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Infrastructure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Transportation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Utilities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.3 Public safety </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Notable people </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Firsts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Firsts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Firsts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Firsts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Sister cities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 20 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Louisville, Kentucky</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 104 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-104" aria-hidden="true" > 104 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Louisville, Kentucky" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luisburg_(Centucc%C4%ABg)" title="Luisburg (Centuccīg) – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Luisburg (Centuccīg)" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84_(%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A)" title="لويفيل (كنتاكي) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لويفيل (كنتاكي)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville_(Kentucky)" title="Louisville (Kentucky) – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Louisville (Kentucky)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%AC" title="Լուիզվիլ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Լուիզվիլ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville_(Kentucky)" title="Louisville (Kentucky) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Louisville (Kentucky)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luisvill_(Kentukki)" title="Luisvill (Kentukki) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Luisvill (Kentukki)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%8C_%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="لوئیزویل، کنتاکی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لوئیزویل، کنتاکی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville_(Kentucky)" title="Louisville (Kentucky) – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Louisville (Kentucky)" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%B2" title="লুভল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লুভল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville" title="Louisville – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Louisville" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BB_(%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%96)" title="Луісвіл (Кентукі) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Луісвіл (Кентукі)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BB" title="Луісьвіл – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Луісьвіл" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Луисвил – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Луисвил" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville_(Kentucky)" title="Louisville (Kentucky) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Louisville (Kentucky)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville_(Kentucky)" title="Louisville (Kentucky) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Louisville (Kentucky)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville_(kapital_sa_kondado_sa_Tinipong_Bansa,_Kentucky)" title="Louisville (kapital sa kondado sa Tinipong Bansa, Kentucky) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Louisville (kapital sa kondado sa Tinipong Bansa, Kentucky)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville" title="Louisville – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Louisville" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Louisville, Kentucky" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville" title="Louisville – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Louisville" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville" title="Louisville – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Louisville" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville_(Kentucky)" title="Louisville (Kentucky) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Louisville (Kentucky)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A9%C5%82gaidahiil%C3%ADn%C3%AD" title="Chéłgaidahiilíní – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Chéłgaidahiilíní" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville" title="Louisville – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Louisville" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BB_(%CE%9A%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B9)" title="Λούισβιλ (Κεντάκι) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λούισβιλ (Κεντάκι)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville" title="Louisville – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Louisville" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville" title="Louisville – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Louisville" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville_(Kentukio)" title="Louisville (Kentukio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Louisville (Kentukio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville" title="Louisville – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Louisville" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%8C_%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="لویی‌ویل، کنتاکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لویی‌ویل، کنتاکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville_(Kentucky)" title="Louisville (Kentucky) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Louisville (Kentucky)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Louisville, Kentucky" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Louisville, Kentucky" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Louisville, Kentucky" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8A%D8%A6%D9%8A%E2%80%8C%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84_(%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%8A)" title="لۊئي‌ويل (کنتاکي) – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="لۊئي‌ويل (کنتاکي)" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B9%8C" title="루이빌 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루이빌" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%AC" title="Լուիսվիլ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լուիսվիլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Louisville, Kentucky" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Louisville, Kentucky" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville_(Kentucky)" title="Louisville (Kentucky) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Louisville (Kentucky)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville_(Kentucky)" title="Louisville (Kentucky) – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Louisville (Kentucky)" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Луисвилл – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Луисвилл" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville" title="Louisville – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Louisville" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville" title="Louisville – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Louisville" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C" title="לואיוויל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לואיוויל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville-Jefferson_County_(balance),_Kentucky" title="Louisville-Jefferson County (balance), Kentucky – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Louisville-Jefferson County (balance), Kentucky" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ლუისვილი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლუისვილი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB_(%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B8)" title="Луйзвилл (Кентукки) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Луйзвилл (Кентукки)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Louisville, Kentucky" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Louisville, Kentucky" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Louisville, Kentucky" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Louisville, Kentucky" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB_(%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B8)" title="Луйзвилл (Кентукки) – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Луйзвилл (Кентукки)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Луисвилл – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Луисвилл" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville_(Kentucky)" title="Louisville (Kentucky) – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Louisville (Kentucky)" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludovicopolis_(Kentukia)" title="Ludovicopolis (Kentukia) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ludovicopolis (Kentukia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%ABivila" title="Lūivila – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lūivila" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luisvilis" title="Luisvilis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Luisvilis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville_(Kentucky)" title="Louisville (Kentucky) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Louisville (Kentucky)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Луисвил – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Луисвил" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2_(%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80)" title="लुईव्हिल (केंटकी) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लुईव्हिल (केंटकी)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ლუიზვილი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლუიზვილი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%A4%D9%8A%D9%84_(%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%89)" title="لويڤيل (كنتاكى) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لويڤيل (كنتاكى)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84_(%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C)" title="لویی‌ویل (کنتاکی) – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لویی‌ویل (کنتاکی)" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Луисвилл – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Луисвилл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville_(Kentucky)" title="Louisville (Kentucky) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Louisville (Kentucky)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%93%E3%83%AB_(%E3%82%B1%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%83%E3%82%AD%E3%83%BC%E5%B7%9E)" title="ルイビル (ケンタッキー州) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルイビル (ケンタッキー州)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB_(%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B8)" title="Луисвилл (Кентукки) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Луисвилл (Кентукки)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville" title="Louisville – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Louisville" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville" title="Louisville – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Louisville" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville_(Kentucky)" title="Louisville (Kentucky) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Louisville (Kentucky)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville_(Kentucky)" title="Louisville (Kentucky) – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Louisville (Kentucky)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville" title="Louisville – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Louisville" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville" title="Louisville – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Louisville" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Louisville, Kentucky" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Луисвилл – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Луисвилл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville_(Kentucky)" title="Louisville (Kentucky) – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Louisville (Kentucky)" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Louisville, Kentucky" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Louisville, Kentucky" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Louisville, Kentucky" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville_(Kentucky)" title="Louisville (Kentucky) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Louisville (Kentucky)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Louisville, Kentucky" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville" title="Louisville – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Louisville" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB_(%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8)" title="Луивил (Кентаки) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Луивил (Кентаки)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Louisville, Kentucky" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville" title="Louisville – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Louisville" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville" title="Louisville – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Louisville" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Louisville, Kentucky" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF)" title="லூயிவில் (கென்டக்கி) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லூயிவில் (கென்டக்கி)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Луивилл – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Луивилл" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C" title="ลุยส์วิลล์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลุยส์วิลล์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Louisville, Kentucky" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%97%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BB_(%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%96)" title="Луїсвілл (Кентуккі) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Луїсвілл (Кентуккі)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%8C_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%B9%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="لوئی ویل، کینٹکی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لوئی ویل، کینٹکی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luisvill" title="Luisvill – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Luisvill" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Louisville, Kentucky" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville_(Kentucky)" title="Louisville (Kentucky) – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Louisville (Kentucky)" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Louisville, Kentucky" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%EF%BC%88%E8%82%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%9F%BA%E5%B7%9E%EF%BC%89" title="路易维尔（肯塔基州） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="路易维尔（肯塔基州）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville" title="Louisville – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Louisville" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE" title="路易斯維爾 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="路易斯維爾" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE_(%E8%82%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%9F%BA%E5%B7%9E)" title="路易維爾 (肯塔基州) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="路易維爾 (肯塔基州)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Louisville,_Kentucky&params=38_15_22_N_85_45_05_W_region:US-KY_type:city">38°15′22″N 85°45′05″W / 38.25611°N 85.75139°W / 38.25611; -85.75139</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Largest city in Kentucky, United States</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Louisville" and "Gateway to the South" redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Louisville_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Louisville (disambiguation)">Louisville (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gateway_to_the_South_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Gateway to the South (disambiguation)">Gateway to the South (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Consolidated city-county in Kentucky, United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Louisville</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_city-county" title="Consolidated city-county">Consolidated city-county</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Louisville/Jefferson County Metro Government</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:282px;max-width:282px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:280px;max-width:280px"><div style="height:152px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Louisville_Skyline_2021_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Louisville_Skyline_2021_%283%29.jpg/278px-Louisville_Skyline_2021_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Louisville_Skyline_2021_%283%29.jpg/417px-Louisville_Skyline_2021_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Louisville_Skyline_2021_%283%29.jpg/556px-Louisville_Skyline_2021_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1415" data-file-height="777" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Louisville" title="Downtown Louisville">Downtown Louisville</a> skyline</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Thunder_over_LOUISVILLE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Thunder_over_LOUISVILLE.jpg/137px-Thunder_over_LOUISVILLE.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Thunder_over_LOUISVILLE.jpg/206px-Thunder_over_LOUISVILLE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Thunder_over_LOUISVILLE.jpg/274px-Thunder_over_LOUISVILLE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Thunder_Over_Louisville" title="Thunder Over Louisville">Thunder Over Louisville</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Muhammad_Ali_Center_(photo_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Muhammad_Ali_Center_%28photo_2%29.jpg/137px-Muhammad_Ali_Center_%28photo_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Muhammad_Ali_Center_%28photo_2%29.jpg/206px-Muhammad_Ali_Center_%28photo_2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Muhammad_Ali_Center_%28photo_2%29.jpg/274px-Muhammad_Ali_Center_%28photo_2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Center" title="Muhammad Ali Center">Muhammad Ali Center</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:98px;max-width:98px"><div style="height:127px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:LouisvilleSluggerMusem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/LouisvilleSluggerMusem.jpg/96px-LouisvilleSluggerMusem.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/LouisvilleSluggerMusem.jpg/144px-LouisvilleSluggerMusem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/LouisvilleSluggerMusem.jpg/192px-LouisvilleSluggerMusem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="600" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Louisville_Slugger_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisville Slugger Museum">Louisville Slugger Museum</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:98px;max-width:98px"><div style="height:127px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Cathedral_of_the_Assumption,_Louisville.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Cathedral_of_the_Assumption%2C_Louisville.jpg/96px-Cathedral_of_the_Assumption%2C_Louisville.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Cathedral_of_the_Assumption%2C_Louisville.jpg/144px-Cathedral_of_the_Assumption%2C_Louisville.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Cathedral_of_the_Assumption%2C_Louisville.jpg/192px-Cathedral_of_the_Assumption%2C_Louisville.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Assumption_(Louisville,_Kentucky)" title="Cathedral of the Assumption (Louisville, Kentucky)">Cathedral of the Assumption</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:80px;max-width:80px"><div style="height:127px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:AegonCtr2030.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/AegonCtr2030.JPG/78px-AegonCtr2030.JPG" decoding="async" width="78" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/AegonCtr2030.JPG/117px-AegonCtr2030.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/AegonCtr2030.JPG/156px-AegonCtr2030.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="1855" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/400_West_Market" title="400 West Market">400 West Market</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:280px;max-width:280px"><div style="height:156px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Kentucky_Derby_2014-0214_(14130332164).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Kentucky_Derby_2014-0214_%2814130332164%29.jpg/278px-Kentucky_Derby_2014-0214_%2814130332164%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Kentucky_Derby_2014-0214_%2814130332164%29.jpg/417px-Kentucky_Derby_2014-0214_%2814130332164%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Kentucky_Derby_2014-0214_%2814130332164%29.jpg/556px-Kentucky_Derby_2014-0214_%2814130332164%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3326" data-file-height="1871" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Derby" title="Kentucky Derby">Kentucky Derby</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Louisville,_KY.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Louisville"><img alt="Flag of Louisville" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Louisville%2C_KY.png/100px-Flag_of_Louisville%2C_KY.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Louisville%2C_KY.png/150px-Flag_of_Louisville%2C_KY.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Louisville%2C_KY.png/200px-Flag_of_Louisville%2C_KY.png 2x" data-file-width="392" data-file-height="246" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Flag of Louisville, Kentucky">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:200px-Louisville_Kentucky_seal.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Louisville"><img alt="Official seal of Louisville" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/200px-Louisville_Kentucky_seal.png/100px-200px-Louisville_Kentucky_seal.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/200px-Louisville_Kentucky_seal.png/150px-200px-Louisville_Kentucky_seal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/db/200px-Louisville_Kentucky_seal.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Seal of Louisville, Kentucky">Seal</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nicknames: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Derby City, River City,<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> (The) Gateway to the South,<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Falls City, The 'Ville<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1222442370">.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container>label:first-of-type{clear:both}.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container a.mw-kartographer-container.floatright,.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container a.mw-kartographer-container.floatleft,.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container div.mw-kartographer-container.tright,.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container div.mw-kartographer-container.tleft{padding:0 0 0 0;margin:0 0 0 0}</style><div class="switcher-container mapframe-multi-container center"><div><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 290px; height: 290px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="290" data-height="290" data-zoom="9" data-lat="38.19" data-lon="-85.66" data-overlays="["_c25da8708e0772e1539396cc7911fc02bf1ad391"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/9/38.19/-85.66/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,38.19,-85.66,290x290.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Louisville%2C_Kentucky&revid=1259566982&groups=_c25da8708e0772e1539396cc7911fc02bf1ad391" width="290" height="290" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,38.19,-85.66,290x290@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Louisville%2C_Kentucky&revid=1259566982&groups=_c25da8708e0772e1539396cc7911fc02bf1ad391 2x" alt="Map" /></a>Show Louisville Metro (balance*)</div><div><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 290px; height: 290px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="290" data-height="290" data-zoom="9" data-lat="38.19" data-lon="-85.66" data-overlays="["_1748f4ef5c02790e6edd89e64d60e9c916cfc8d6"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/9/38.19/-85.66/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,38.19,-85.66,290x290.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Louisville%2C_Kentucky&revid=1259566982&groups=_1748f4ef5c02790e6edd89e64d60e9c916cfc8d6" width="290" height="290" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,38.19,-85.66,290x290@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Louisville%2C_Kentucky&revid=1259566982&groups=_1748f4ef5c02790e6edd89e64d60e9c916cfc8d6 2x" alt="Map" /></a>Show Louisville Metro / Jefferson County</div><div><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 290px; height: 290px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="290" data-height="290" data-zoom="6" data-lat="38" data-lon="-85" data-overlays="["_d853dcddc4ba4f578f18f783dd808ba788c7a662"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/6/38/-85/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,6,38,-85,290x290.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Louisville%2C_Kentucky&revid=1259566982&groups=_d853dcddc4ba4f578f18f783dd808ba788c7a662" width="290" height="290" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,6,38,-85,290x290@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Louisville%2C_Kentucky&revid=1259566982&groups=_d853dcddc4ba4f578f18f783dd808ba788c7a662 2x" alt="Map" /></a>Show Louisville Metro in Kentucky</div><div><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 290px; height: 290px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="290" data-height="290" data-zoom="3" data-lat="39.828175" data-lon="-98.5795" data-overlays="["_4c482032d5e37d636e6e19dcc2cf4fdcf5e9e3d4"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/3/39.828175/-98.5795/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,3,39.828175,-98.5795,290x290.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Louisville%2C_Kentucky&revid=1259566982&groups=_4c482032d5e37d636e6e19dcc2cf4fdcf5e9e3d4" width="290" height="290" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,3,39.828175,-98.5795,290x290@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Louisville%2C_Kentucky&revid=1259566982&groups=_4c482032d5e37d636e6e19dcc2cf4fdcf5e9e3d4 2x" alt="Map" /></a>Show Louisville's location in the U.S.</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption">*excludes other incorporated places within the county</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Kentucky_relief_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Louisville is located in Kentucky"><img alt="Louisville is located in Kentucky" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/USA_Kentucky_relief_location_map.svg/250px-USA_Kentucky_relief_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/USA_Kentucky_relief_location_map.svg/375px-USA_Kentucky_relief_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/USA_Kentucky_relief_location_map.svg/500px-USA_Kentucky_relief_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1501" data-file-height="976" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.597%;left:50.608%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Louisville" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Louisville</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Kentucky</div>Show map of Kentucky</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Louisville is located in the United States"><img alt="Louisville is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/250px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/375px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/500px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:49.338%;left:67.325%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Louisville" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Louisville</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within the United States</div>Show map of the United States</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:North_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Louisville is located in North America"><img alt="Louisville is located in North America" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/North_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-North_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/North_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-North_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/North_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-North_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1185" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:59.925%;left:63.512%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Louisville" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Louisville</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within North America</div>Show map of North America</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Louisville,_Kentucky&params=38_15_22_N_85_45_05_W_region:US-KY_type:city">38°15′22″N 85°45′05″W / 38.25611°N 85.75139°W / 38.25611; -85.75139</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Kentucky" title="List of counties in Kentucky">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Kentucky" title="Jefferson County, Kentucky">Jefferson</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1778<a href="#cite_note-sos-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Incorporated</th><td class="infobox-data">1828<a href="#cite_note-sos-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Rogers_Clark" title="George Rogers Clark">George Rogers Clark</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor–council">Mayor–council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="List of mayors of Louisville, Kentucky">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Craig_Greenberg" title="Craig Greenberg">Craig Greenberg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Metro_Council" title="Louisville Metro Council">Metro Council</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Louisville_Metro_Council#Current_members" title="Louisville Metro Council">26 council members</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2020-5">[5]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_city-county" title="Consolidated city-county">Consolidated city-county</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">341.44 sq mi (884.32 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">324.94 sq mi (841.59 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">16.50 sq mi (42.73 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">466 ft (142 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 United States Census">2020</a>)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_city-county" title="Consolidated city-county">Consolidated city-county</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">633,045</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Estimate <div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2022)<a href="#cite_note-United_States_Census_Bureau-6">[6]</a></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">624,444</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_North_American_cities_by_population" title="List of North American cities by population">75th</a> in North America <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">27th</a> in the United States<a href="#cite_note-PopRanknote-7">[a]</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Kentucky" title="List of cities in Kentucky">1st</a> in Kentucky</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,900/sq mi (720/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,025,000 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">US: 46th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,430.8/sq mi (938.5/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-2020Pop-8">[7]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,365,557 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_statistical_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of metropolitan statistical areas">US: 43rd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Louisvillian<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • MSA</th><td class="infobox-data">$90.836 billion (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC-5" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-5">UTC-5</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone_(North_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Time Zone (North America)">EST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC-4" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-4">UTC-4</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone_(North_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Time Zone (North America)">EDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ZIP_code" class="mw-redirect" title="ZIP code">ZIP code</a> prefixes</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">40201-40225, 40228-40229, 40231-40233, 40241-40243, 40245, 40250-40253, 40255-40259, 40261, 40266, 40268-40270, 40272, 40280-40283, 40285, 40287, 40289-40299</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/North_American_Numbering_Plan" title="North American Numbering Plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_code_502" title="Area code 502">502</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/FIPS_code" class="mw-redirect" title="FIPS code">FIPS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">21-48000</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/FIPS_code" class="mw-redirect" title="FIPS code">FIPS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">21-48006</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/GNIS" class="mw-redirect" title="GNIS">GNIS</a> feature ID</th><td class="infobox-data">2404963<a href="#cite_note-gnis-11">[10]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://louisvilleky.gov/">louisvilleky.gov</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Louisville<a href="#cite_note-12">[b]</a> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Kentucky" title="List of cities in Kentucky">most populous city</a> in the Commonwealth of <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>, sixth-most populous city in the <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_United_States" title="Southeastern United States">Southeast</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">27th-most-populous city</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PopRanknote-7">[a]</a><a href="#cite_note-PopEstCities-13">[11]</a> By land area, it is the country's <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_area" title="List of United States cities by area">24th-largest city</a>, although by population density, it is the 265th most dense city.<a href="#cite_note-PopDensNote-14">[c]</a><a href="#cite_note-Census.gov-15">[12]</a> Louisville is the historical <a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">county seat</a> and, since 2003, the nominal seat of <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Kentucky" title="Jefferson County, Kentucky">Jefferson County</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a> border. Named after <a href="/wiki/King_Louis_XVI" class="mw-redirect" title="King Louis XVI">King Louis XVI</a> of France, Louisville was founded in 1778 by <a href="/wiki/George_Rogers_Clark" title="George Rogers Clark">George Rogers Clark</a>, making it one of the oldest cities west of the <a href="/wiki/Appalachians" class="mw-redirect" title="Appalachians">Appalachians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[13]</a> With the nearby <a href="/wiki/Falls_of_the_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Falls of the Ohio">Falls of the Ohio</a> as the only major obstruction to river traffic between the upper <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio River</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>, the settlement first grew as a <a href="/wiki/Portage" title="Portage">portage</a> site. It was the founding city of the <a href="/wiki/Louisville_and_Nashville_Railroad" title="Louisville and Nashville Railroad">Louisville and Nashville Railroad</a>, which grew into a 6,000-mile (9,700 km) system across 13 states. Today, the city is known as the home of boxer <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali" title="Muhammad Ali">Muhammad Ali</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Derby" title="Kentucky Derby">Kentucky Derby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Fried_Chicken" class="mw-redirect" title="Kentucky Fried Chicken">Kentucky Fried Chicken</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Louisville" title="University of Louisville">University of Louisville</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Cardinals" title="Louisville Cardinals">Cardinals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Slugger" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisville Slugger">Louisville Slugger</a> baseball bats, and <a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Fortune 500</a> company <a href="/wiki/Humana" title="Humana">Humana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[15]</a> <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Muhammad_Ali_International_Airport" title="Louisville Muhammad Ali International Airport">Louisville Muhammad Ali International Airport</a>, the city's main commercial airport, hosts <a href="/wiki/United_Parcel_Service" title="United Parcel Service">UPS's</a> worldwide hub. Since 2003, Louisville's borders have been the same as those of Jefferson County, after a <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_city-county" title="Consolidated city-county">city-county merger</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Louisville_Metro_Consolidation-19">[16]</a> The official name of this consolidated city-county government is the Louisville/Jefferson County Metro Government,<a href="#cite_note-20">[17]</a> abbreviated to Louisville Metro.<a href="#cite_note-21">[18]</a> Despite the merger and renaming, the term "Jefferson County" continues to be used in some contexts in reference to Louisville Metro, particularly including the <a href="/wiki/Louisville_neighborhoods#Incorporated_places" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisville neighborhoods">incorporated cities</a> outside the "<a href="/wiki/Louisville/Jefferson_County_metro_government_(balance),_Kentucky" title="Louisville/Jefferson County metro government (balance), Kentucky">balance</a>" which make up Louisville proper. The city's total consolidated population as of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a> was 782,969.<a href="#cite_note-Consolidated-22">[19]</a> However, the balance total of 633,045<a href="#cite_note-QuickFactsBalance-23">[20]</a> excludes other incorporated places within the county and is the population listed in most sources and national rankings. The <a href="/wiki/Louisville-Jefferson_County,_KY-IN_Metropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisville-Jefferson County, KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area">Louisville-Jefferson County, KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area</a> (MSA) includes Louisville-Jefferson County and 12 surrounding <a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">counties</a>, seven in Kentucky and five in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Indiana" title="Southern Indiana">Southern Indiana</a>. As of 2023, the MSA had a population of 1,365,557,<a href="#cite_note-PopEstMSA-24">[21]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area#United_States" title="Metropolitan statistical area">43rd largest in the nation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MSAnote-25">[d]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Pronunciation">edit</a>]</div> The correct pronunciation of the name of Louisville is heatedly debated.<a href="#cite_note-Adams-26">[22]</a> The three most popular pronunciations are, in order: <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈluːəvəl/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-4" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/7d\/Loouhvull.ogg\/Loouhvull.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Loouhvull.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/Loouhvull.ogg/Loouhvull.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Loouhvull.ogg" title="File:Loouhvull.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">LOO-ə-vəl</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈluːivɪl/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-5" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/43\/Looeevil.ogg\/Looeevil.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Looeevil.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/Looeevil.ogg/Looeevil.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Looeevil.ogg" title="File:Looeevil.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">LOO-ee-vil</a>, and</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈlʊvəl/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-6" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/be\/Luhvull.ogg\/Luhvull.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Luhvull.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/be/Luhvull.ogg/Luhvull.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Luhvull.ogg" title="File:Luhvull.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">LUUV-əl</a>.</li></ol> All three are generally considered acceptable; the Louisville Visitor Center says that only the rare <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈluːɪsvɪl/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-7" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/ee\/Lewisville.ogg\/Lewisville.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Lewisville.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ee/Lewisville.ogg/Lewisville.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Lewisville.ogg" title="File:Lewisville.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">LOO-iss-vil</a> is completely unacceptable (though it is the correct pronunciation for the name of the much smaller <a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Colorado" title="Louisville, Colorado">Louisville, Colorado</a>). There are also acceptable hybrid ways of saying the name, such as <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈluːəvɪl/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">LOO-ə-vil</a>, a mixture of the first and second pronunciations.<a href="#cite_note-27">[23]</a> The dominant local pronunciation, the <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">LOO-ə-vəl</a> pronunciation is widely practiced and accepted.<a href="#cite_note-28">[24]</a> Some even refer to it as the "only" correct way to pronounce the name of the city.<a href="#cite_note-Puente-29">[25]</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">LOO-ee-vil</a>, while respecting the proper pronunciation of the name of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">the French king</a> who gave Louisville its name, is significantly less common among locals. It is, however, frequently used by those not from the area.<a href="#cite_note-Adams-26">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-Puente-29">[25]</a> In 2001, local journalist and historian George H. Yater noted that older natives tended toward the second pronunciation, and that both the first and second pronunciations were used equally in local radio and television broadcasting; however, new personalities were taught that the first one was "correct".<a href="#cite_note-30">[26]</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">LUUV-əl</a> is a less common, particularly rural way of saying the name. While it is considered acceptable, it is not as widely heard as the others.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="History of Louisville, Kentucky">History of Louisville, Kentucky</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Timeline of Louisville, Kentucky">Timeline of Louisville, Kentucky</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For broader coverage of this topic, see <a href="/wiki/History_of_Kentucky" title="History of Kentucky">History of Kentucky</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Jefferson_County,_Kentucky" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Jefferson County, Kentucky">National Register of Historic Places listings in Jefferson County, Kentucky</a></div> The history of Louisville spans hundreds of years, and has been influenced by the area's <a href="#Geography">geography</a> and proximity to the <a href="/wiki/Falls_of_the_Ohio_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Falls of the Ohio River">Falls of the Ohio River</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history_and_founding">Early history and founding</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history and founding">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Rogers_Clark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Painting of the head and shoulders of an older, gray-haired, balding man in a colonial-era military uniform (blue jacket with white lapels and gold epaullettes)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/George_Rogers_Clark.jpg/140px-George_Rogers_Clark.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/George_Rogers_Clark.jpg/210px-George_Rogers_Clark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/George_Rogers_Clark.jpg/280px-George_Rogers_Clark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1605" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/George_Rogers_Clark" title="George Rogers Clark">George Rogers Clark</a> founded Louisville in the midst of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">Revolutionary War</a>.</figcaption></figure> Since the Falls created a barrier to river travel, settlements grew at this <a href="/wiki/Portage" title="Portage">portage</a> point. The first European settlement in the vicinity of modern-day Louisville was on <a href="/wiki/Corn_Island_(Kentucky)" title="Corn Island (Kentucky)">Corn Island</a> in 1778 by Col. George Rogers Clark, credited as the founder of Louisville. Several landmarks in the community are named after him.<a href="#cite_note-31">[27]</a> Two years later, in 1780, the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_General_Assembly" title="Virginia General Assembly">Virginia General Assembly</a> approved the town charter of Louisville. The city was named in honor of King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a> of France, whose soldiers were then <a href="/wiki/France_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="France in the American Revolutionary War">aiding Americans in the Revolutionary War</a>. Early residents lived in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Nelson_(Kentucky)" title="Fort Nelson (Kentucky)">forts</a> to protect themselves from raids from the local indigenous population, but they moved out by the late 1780s.<a href="#cite_note-32">[28]</a> In 1803, explorers <a href="/wiki/Meriwether_Lewis" title="Meriwether Lewis">Meriwether Lewis</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Clark" title="William Clark">William Clark</a> organized their <a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark_Expedition" title="Lewis and Clark Expedition">expedition across America</a> in the town of <a href="/wiki/Clarksville,_Indiana" title="Clarksville, Indiana">Clarksville, Indiana</a> at the present-day Falls of the Ohio opposite Louisville, Kentucky.<a href="#cite_note-33">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[30]</a> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 19th century">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Louisville_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Louisville in the American Civil War">Louisville in the American Civil War</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louisville_1846.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Artist's rendering of Main Street in Louisville as it appeared in 1846" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Louisville_1846.jpg/220px-Louisville_1846.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Louisville_1846.jpg/330px-Louisville_1846.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Louisville_1846.jpg/440px-Louisville_1846.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1610" data-file-height="953" /></a><figcaption>View of 2nd Street and Main Street, Louisville, in 1846</figcaption></figure> The city's early growth was influenced by the fact that river boats had to be unloaded and moved downriver before reaching the falls. By 1828, the population had grown to 7,000 and Louisville became an incorporated city.<a href="#cite_note-35">[31]</a> Early Louisville was a major shipping port and <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">enslaved African Americans</a> worked in a variety of associated trades.<a href="#cite_note-Kleber_Slavery-36">[32]</a> The city was often a point of escape for <a href="/wiki/Fugitive_slaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Fugitive slaves">fugitive slaves</a> to the north, as Indiana was a free state.<a href="#cite_note-Kleber_Slavery-36">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[33]</a> During this point in the 1850s, the city was growing and vibrant, but that also came with negativity. It was the center of planning, supplies, recruiting, and transportation for numerous campaigns, especially in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Theater">Western Theater</a>. Ethnic tensions rose, and on August 6, 1855, known as "<a href="/wiki/Bloody_Monday" title="Bloody Monday">Bloody Monday</a>", Protestant mobs attacked German and Irish Catholic neighborhoods on election day, resulting in 22 deaths and widespread property damage.<a href="#cite_note-38">[34]</a> Then by 1861, the civil war had broken out. <a href="/wiki/Louisville_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Louisville in the American Civil War">During the Civil War</a>, Louisville was a major stronghold of <a href="/wiki/Union_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Army">Union forces</a>, which kept Kentucky firmly in the Union. By the end of the war, the city of Louisville itself had not been attacked, although skirmishes and battles, including the battles of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Perryville" title="Battle of Perryville">Perryville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Corydon" title="Battle of Corydon">Corydon</a>, took place nearby. After the war, returning <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Army" title="Confederate States Army">Confederate</a> veterans largely took political control of the city, leading to the jibe that Louisville joined the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederacy</a> after the war was over.<a href="#cite_note-39">[35]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Churchill_Downs_1901.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Churchill_Downs_1901.jpg/220px-Churchill_Downs_1901.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Churchill_Downs_1901.jpg/330px-Churchill_Downs_1901.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Churchill_Downs_1901.jpg/440px-Churchill_Downs_1901.jpg 2x" data-file-width="912" data-file-height="393" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Churchill_Downs" title="Churchill Downs">Churchill Downs</a> in 1901</figcaption></figure> The first <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Derby" title="Kentucky Derby">Kentucky Derby</a> was held on May 17, 1875, at the Louisville Jockey Club track (later renamed <a href="/wiki/Churchill_Downs" title="Churchill Downs">Churchill Downs</a>).<a href="#cite_note-40">[36]</a> The Derby was originally shepherded by <a href="/wiki/Meriwether_Lewis_Clark_Jr." title="Meriwether Lewis Clark Jr.">Meriwether Lewis Clark Jr.</a>, the grandson of William Clark of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, and grandnephew of the city's founder George Rogers Clark. Horse racing had a strong tradition in Kentucky, whose <a href="/wiki/Bluegrass_region" title="Bluegrass region">Inner Bluegrass Region</a> had been a center of breeding high-quality livestock throughout the 19th century. Ten thousand spectators watched the first Derby, which <a href="/wiki/Aristides_(horse)" title="Aristides (horse)">Aristides</a> won.<a href="#cite_note-41">[37]</a> On March 27, 1890, the city was devastated and its downtown nearly destroyed when what scientists now estimate was an <a href="/wiki/Fujita_scale" title="Fujita scale">F4</a> <a href="/wiki/Tornado" title="Tornado">tornado</a> tore through as part of the <a href="/wiki/March_1890_middle_Mississippi_Valley_tornado_outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1890 middle Mississippi Valley tornado outbreak">middle Mississippi Valley tornado outbreak</a>. It is estimated that between 74 and 120 people were killed and 200 were injured. The damage cost the city $2.5 million<a href="#cite_note-42">[38]</a> (equivalent to $69 million in 2019).<a href="#cite_note-43">[39]</a> Established in 1896, <a href="/wiki/Neighborhood_House_(Louisville,_Kentucky)" title="Neighborhood House (Louisville, Kentucky)">Neighborhood House Louisville</a> was the first <a href="/wiki/Settlement_movement" title="Settlement movement">settlement movement</a> house in the state.<a href="#cite_note-NHKY-44">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_and_21st_centuries">20th and 21st centuries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 20th and 21st centuries">edit</a>]</div> Following the Civil War and the Emancipation Proclamation, freed slaves settled in a neighborhood of Louisville called Little Africa, nicknamed "the gateway to the South," near the present neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Park_DuValle,_Louisville" title="Park DuValle, Louisville">Park DuValle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WHAS-45">[41]</a> The neighborhood was described as a "thriving community" by the 1920s, and declined between the 1940s and 1950s.<a href="#cite_note-WHAS-45">[41]</a> In 1914, the city of Louisville passed a racially based residential zoning code, following Baltimore, Atlanta, and a handful of cities in the Carolinas.<a href="#cite_note-46">[42]</a> The <a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a> challenged the ordinance in two cases. Two weeks after the ordinance enacted, an African-American named Arthur Harris moved into a house on a block designated for whites. He was prosecuted and found guilty. The second case was planned to create a test case. <a href="/wiki/William_Warley" title="William Warley">William Warley</a>, the president of the local chapter of the NAACP, tendered a purchase offer on a white block from Charles Buchanan, a white real estate agent. Warley also wrote a letter declaring his intention to build a house on that lot and reside there. With the understanding that the Louisville ordinance made it illegal for him to live there, Warley withheld payment, setting in motion a breach of contract suit by Buchanan.<a href="#cite_note-47">[43]</a> By 1917 the U.S. Supreme Court agreed to hear the case of <a href="/wiki/Buchanan_v._Warley" title="Buchanan v. Warley">Buchanan v. Warley</a>. The court struck down the Louisville residential segregation ordinance, ruling that it violated the <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Fourteenth Amendment</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Due_process" title="Due process">due process</a> clause.<a href="#cite_note-48">[44]</a> In 1917, shortly after the United States' entry into <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, Louisville was selected as the site of Camp Zachary Taylor. Camp Taylor was one of the country's largest World War I training camps. It was home of the 84th Infantry Division and trained over 150,000 men by the end of war, including <a href="/wiki/F._Scott_Fitzgerald" title="F. Scott Fitzgerald">F. Scott Fitzgerald</a>. The camp was closed in 1921. Many of the buildings and infrastructure in the Camp Taylor neighborhood of Louisville are there as a result of the training camp. In 1929, Louisville completed the <a href="/wiki/McAlpine_Locks_and_Dam" title="McAlpine Locks and Dam">lock and dam</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Falls_of_the_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Falls of the Ohio">Falls of the Ohio</a> and the city began referring to itself as "where Northern enterprise and <a href="/wiki/Southern_hospitality" title="Southern hospitality">Southern hospitality</a> meet". Between the industrial boom of that year and through the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>, Louisville gained 15,000 new residents, about 3% of them black, most fleeing poverty in rural areas.<a href="#cite_note-Adams-2001-49">[45]</a> Throughout January 1937, 19.17 inches (48.7 cm) of rain fell in Louisville, and by January 27, the Ohio River crested at a record 57.15 feet (17.42 m), almost 30 feet (9.1 m) above flood stage. These events triggered the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River_flood_of_1937" title="Ohio River flood of 1937">"Great Flood of 1937"</a>, which lasted into early February. The <a href="/wiki/Flood" title="Flood">flood</a> submerged 60–70 percent of the city, caused complete loss of power for four days, and forced the evacuation of 175,000 or 230,000 residents, depending on sources. Ninety people died as a result of the flood.<a href="#cite_note-50">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[47]</a> It led to dramatic changes in where residents lived. Today, the city is protected by numerous <a href="/wiki/Flood_wall" title="Flood wall">flood walls</a>. After the flood, the areas of high elevation in the eastern part of the city had decades of residential growth. Louisville was a center for factory war production during World War II. In May 1942, the U.S. government assigned the <a href="/wiki/Curtiss-Wright" title="Curtiss-Wright">Curtiss-Wright</a> Aircraft Company, a war plant located at Louisville's air field, for wartime aircraft production. The factory produced the <a href="/wiki/C-46_Commando" class="mw-redirect" title="C-46 Commando">C-46 Commando</a> cargo plane, among other aircraft. In 1946, the factory was sold to <a href="/wiki/International_Harvester" title="International Harvester">International Harvester</a>, which began large-scale production of tractors and agricultural equipment. In 1950, the Census Bureau reported Louisville's population as 84.3% white and 15.6% black.<a href="#cite_note-52">[48]</a> Throughout the 1940s, there were more black <a href="/wiki/Police_officer" title="Police officer">police officers</a> than any other Southern city, though they were allowed to patrol only black districts. This, in part, made Louisville seem like a more racially progressive city than other Southern cities, although only when black citizens accepted a lower status than white citizens. Many historians have referred to this "veil" of segregation as a <a href="/wiki/Covert_racism" title="Covert racism">"polite" racism</a>. Historian George Wright stated that polite racism "often deluded both blacks and well-meaning whites into believing that real progress was being made in their city". For example, in the city <a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim Crow">Jim Crow</a> practices were not maintained by law so much as by custom.<a href="#cite_note-Adams-2001-49">[45]</a> Similar to many other older American cities, Louisville began to experience a movement of people and businesses to the suburbs in the 1960s and 1970s. Middle class residents used newly built freeways and interstate highways to commute to work, moving into more distant but newer housing. Because of tax laws, businesses found it cheaper to build new rather than renovate older buildings. Economic changes included a decline in local manufacturing. The West End and older areas of the South End, in particular, began to decline economically as many local factories closed. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louisville_Fourthstreetlive.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Louisville_Fourthstreetlive.jpg/220px-Louisville_Fourthstreetlive.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Louisville_Fourthstreetlive.jpg/330px-Louisville_Fourthstreetlive.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Louisville_Fourthstreetlive.jpg/440px-Louisville_Fourthstreetlive.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Entrance of <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Street_Live!" title="Fourth Street Live!">Fourth Street Live!</a></figcaption></figure> In 1974, a major (F4) tornado hit Louisville as part of the <a href="/wiki/1974_Super_Outbreak" title="1974 Super Outbreak">1974 Super Outbreak</a> of tornadoes that struck 13 states. It covered 21 miles (34 km) and destroyed several hundred homes in the Louisville area, causing two deaths.<a href="#cite_note-53">[49]</a> Since the 1980s, many of the city's urban neighborhoods have been <a href="/wiki/Gentrification" title="Gentrification">revitalized</a> into areas popular with young professionals and college students. The greatest change has occurred along the <a href="/wiki/The_Highlands,_Louisville" title="The Highlands, Louisville">Bardstown Road/Baxter Avenue</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clifton,_Louisville" title="Clifton, Louisville">Frankfort Avenue</a> corridors as well as the <a href="/wiki/Old_Louisville" title="Old Louisville">Old Louisville</a> neighborhood. In recent years, such change has also occurred in the <a href="/wiki/East_Market_District" class="mw-redirect" title="East Market District">East Market District</a> (NuLu).<a href="#cite_note-54">[50]</a> Since the late 1990s, <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Louisville" title="Downtown Louisville">Downtown</a> has experienced significant residential, tourist and retail growth, including the addition of major sports complexes <a href="/wiki/KFC_Yum!_Center" title="KFC Yum! Center">KFC Yum! Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Family_Stadium" title="Lynn Family Stadium">Lynn Family Stadium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Slugger_Field" title="Louisville Slugger Field">Louisville Slugger Field</a>, conversion of waterfront industrial sites into <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Waterfront_Park" title="Louisville Waterfront Park">Waterfront Park</a>, openings of varied museums (see <a href="#Museums,_galleries_and_interpretive_centers">Museums, galleries and interpretive centers</a> below), and the refurbishing of the former Galleria into the bustling entertainment complex <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Street_Live!" title="Fourth Street Live!">Fourth Street Live!</a>, which opened in 2004. On March 13, 2020, four <a href="/wiki/Undercover_operation" class="mw-redirect" title="Undercover operation">plainclothed officers</a> from <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Metro_Police_Department" title="Louisville Metro Police Department">Louisville Metro Police Department</a> executed a <a href="/wiki/No-knock_warrant" title="No-knock warrant">"no-knock" search warrant</a> which led to the killing of <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Breonna_Taylor" title="Killing of Breonna Taylor">Breonna Taylor</a>, a 26-year-old <a href="/wiki/African-American" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American">African-American</a> woman.<a href="#cite_note-55">[51]</a> For months afterward, Taylor's family, members of the local community, and people around the world <a href="/wiki/Breonna_Taylor_protests" title="Breonna Taylor protests">protested</a> to demand that officers involved in the shooting be fired and criminally charged.<a href="#cite_note-56">[52]</a> These protests and demonstrations coincided and intertwined with the international <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a> movement and a <a href="/wiki/2020-2022_United_States_racial_unrest" class="mw-redirect" title="2020-2022 United States racial unrest">broader movement of racial unrest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[53]</a> As a result of the incident, the police chief was fired and four officers received federal charges, but no significant systemic changes were made.<a href="#cite_note-USAToday20200619-58">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[55]</a> On April 10, 2023, a <a href="/wiki/2023_Louisville_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Louisville shooting">mass shooting</a> occurred at the <a href="/wiki/Old_National_Bank" title="Old National Bank">Old National Bank</a>, killing five people, and injuring nine others. The suspect, who was a bank employee and who officials said was livestreaming the rampage, was killed by the police after exchanging fire with them.<a href="#cite_note-60">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Geography of Louisville, Kentucky">Geography of Louisville, Kentucky</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SouLouIq2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/SouLouIq2.jpg/220px-SouLouIq2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/SouLouIq2.jpg/330px-SouLouIq2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/SouLouIq2.jpg/440px-SouLouIq2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Hilly terrain blankets the southwest part of the city.</figcaption></figure> Louisville and Jefferson County have a combined area of 397.68 square miles (1,030.0 km2), of which 380.46 square miles (985.4 km2) is land and 17.23 square miles (44.6 km2) (4.33%) is covered by water.<a href="#cite_note-GR1-61">[57]</a> Louisville is southeasterly situated along the border between Kentucky and <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio River</a>, in north-central Kentucky at the <a href="/wiki/Falls_of_the_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Falls of the Ohio">Falls of the Ohio</a>. Louisville is an <a href="/wiki/Upper_South" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper South">Upper South</a> city located in a <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern state</a> that is influenced by both <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Southern_United_States" title="Culture of the Southern United States">Southern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern culture</a>. It is sometimes referred to as either one of the northernmost Southern cities or as one of the southernmost Northern cities in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-62">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[59]</a> Louisville is located in Kentucky's outer <a href="/wiki/Bluegrass_region" title="Bluegrass region">Bluegrass region</a>.<a href="#cite_note-64">[60]</a> Its development has been influenced by its location on the Ohio River, which spurred Louisville's growth from an isolated camp site into a major shipping port. Much of the city is located on a very wide and flat <a href="/wiki/Floodplain" title="Floodplain">floodplain</a> surrounded by hill country on all sides. Much of the area was swampland that had to be drained as the city grew. In the 1840s, most creeks were rerouted or placed in canals to prevent flooding and disease outbreaks. Areas generally east of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_65_in_Kentucky" title="Interstate 65 in Kentucky">I-65</a> are above the flood plain, and are composed of gently rolling hills. The southernmost parts of Jefferson County are in the scenic and largely undeveloped <a href="/wiki/Knobs_region" title="Knobs region">Knobs region</a>, which is home to <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Memorial_Forest" title="Jefferson Memorial Forest">Jefferson Memorial Forest</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Louisville-Jefferson_County,_KY-IN_Metropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisville-Jefferson County, KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area">Louisville-Jefferson County, KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area</a> (MSA), the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Metropolitan_Statistical_Areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Metropolitan Statistical Areas">43rd largest</a> in the United States,<a href="#cite_note-MSAnote-25">[d]</a><a href="#cite_note-PopEstMSA-24">[21]</a> includes the Kentucky county of Jefferson (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coterminous" class="extiw" title="wikt:coterminous">coterminous</a> with Louisville Metro), plus twelve outlying counties—seven in Kentucky and five in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Indiana" title="Southern Indiana">Southern Indiana</a>. Louisville's MSA is included in the <a href="/wiki/Louisville%E2%80%93Elizabethtown%E2%80%93Madison,_KY%E2%80%93IN_Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisville–Elizabethtown–Madison, KY–IN Combined Statistical Area">Louisville–Elizabethtown–Madison, KY–IN Combined Statistical Area</a> (CSA), which also includes the <a href="/wiki/Elizabethtown,_KY" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabethtown, KY">Elizabethtown, KY</a> MSA, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Madison,_IN" class="mw-redirect" title="Madison, IN">Madison, IN</a> <a href="/wiki/Micropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Micropolitan Statistical Area">Micropolitan Statistical Area</a>. The Louisville area is near several other urban areas, especially <a href="/wiki/Frankfort,_Kentucky" title="Frankfort, Kentucky">Frankfort, Kentucky</a> (the state's capital); <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a>, Ohio (the two cities' metropolitan statistical areas almost border each other); <a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Kentucky" title="Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington, Kentucky</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bowling_Green,_Kentucky" title="Bowling Green, Kentucky">Bowling Green, Kentucky</a>; <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis,_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Indianapolis, Indiana">Indianapolis, Indiana</a> area (especially <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Indiana" title="Columbus, Indiana">Columbus, Indiana</a>, to the north of Southern Indiana). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cityscape">Cityscape</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cityscape">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cityscape_of_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Cityscape of Louisville, Kentucky">Cityscape of Louisville, Kentucky</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Louisville" title="Downtown Louisville">Downtown Louisville</a>; <a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_in_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Neighborhoods in Louisville, Kentucky">Neighborhoods in Louisville, Kentucky</a>; <a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_in_the_Louisville_metropolitan_area" title="List of parks in the Louisville metropolitan area">List of parks in the Louisville metropolitan area</a>; and <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Louisville" title="List of tallest buildings in Louisville">List of tallest buildings in Louisville</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Highlands.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Highlands.jpg/220px-Highlands.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Highlands.jpg/330px-Highlands.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Highlands.jpg/440px-Highlands.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Highlands,_Louisville" title="The Highlands, Louisville">Highlands district</a>, specifically the <a href="/wiki/Bonnycastle,_Louisville" title="Bonnycastle, Louisville">Bonnycastle</a> neighborhood</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Louisville" title="Downtown Louisville">downtown business district</a> of Louisville is located immediately south of the Ohio River and southeast of the Falls of the Ohio. Major roads extend outwards from the downtown area in all directions. The <a href="/wiki/Louisville_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisville International Airport">airport</a> is about 6.75 miles (10.86 km) south of the downtown area. The industrial sections of town are to the south and west of the airport, while most of the <a href="/wiki/Residential_area" title="Residential area">residential areas</a> of the city are to the southwest, south, and east of downtown. In 2010, the 22,000-seat <a href="/wiki/KFC_Yum!_Center" title="KFC Yum! Center">KFC Yum! Center</a> was completed.<a href="#cite_note-65">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[62]</a> Twelve of the 15 buildings in Kentucky over 300 feet (91 m) are located in downtown Louisville. Another primary business and <a href="/wiki/Industrial_district" title="Industrial district">industrial district</a> is located in the suburban area east of the city on Hurstbourne Parkway.<a href="#cite_note-67">[63]</a> Louisville's late 19th- and early 20th-century development was spurred by three large suburban parks built at the edges of the city in 1890. The city's <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a> contains a blend of old and new. The <a href="/wiki/Old_Louisville" title="Old Louisville">Old Louisville</a> neighborhood is the largest <a href="/wiki/Historic_preservation" title="Historic preservation">historic preservation</a> district solely featuring <a href="/wiki/Victorian_architecture" title="Victorian architecture">Victorian</a> homes and buildings in the United States;<a href="#cite_note-68">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[65]</a> it is also the third-largest district containing such architectural distinctions in the United States. Many modern skyscrapers are located downtown, as well as older preserved structures, such as the <a href="/wiki/Old_Bank_of_Louisville" title="Old Bank of Louisville">Southern National Bank</a> building. The buildings of West Main Street in downtown Louisville have the largest collection of <a href="/wiki/Cast_iron" title="Cast iron">cast iron</a> facades of anywhere outside of New York's <a href="/wiki/SoHo" class="mw-redirect" title="SoHo">SoHo</a> neighborhood.<a href="#cite_note-70">[66]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Werne%27s_Row_4th_and_Hill,_Old_Louisville.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Werne%27s_Row_4th_and_Hill%2C_Old_Louisville.jpg/220px-Werne%27s_Row_4th_and_Hill%2C_Old_Louisville.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Werne%27s_Row_4th_and_Hill%2C_Old_Louisville.jpg/330px-Werne%27s_Row_4th_and_Hill%2C_Old_Louisville.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Werne%27s_Row_4th_and_Hill%2C_Old_Louisville.jpg/440px-Werne%27s_Row_4th_and_Hill%2C_Old_Louisville.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1458" data-file-height="1011" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Werne%27s_Row" title="Werne's Row">Werne's Row</a> in <a href="/wiki/Old_Louisville" title="Old Louisville">Old Louisville</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Broadway3rdLou.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Broadway3rdLou.jpg/220px-Broadway3rdLou.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Broadway3rdLou.jpg/330px-Broadway3rdLou.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Broadway3rdLou.jpg/440px-Broadway3rdLou.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Broadway and 3rd Street <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Louisville" title="Downtown Louisville">downtown</a></figcaption></figure> Since the mid-20th century, Louisville has in some ways been divided into three sides of town: the West End, the South End, and the East End. In 2003, Bill Dakan, a <a href="/wiki/University_of_Louisville" title="University of Louisville">University of Louisville</a> geography professor, said that the West End, west of 7th Street and north of Algonquin Parkway, is "a <a href="/wiki/Euphemism" title="Euphemism">euphemism</a> for the African American part of town" although he points out that this belief is not entirely true, and most African Americans no longer live in areas where more than 80% of residents are black. Nevertheless, he says the perception is still strong.<a href="#cite_note-71">[67]</a> The South End has long had a reputation as a white, <a href="/wiki/Working-class" class="mw-redirect" title="Working-class">working-class</a> part of town, while the East End has been seen as middle and <a href="/wiki/Upper_class" title="Upper class">upper class</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[68]</a> According to the Greater Louisville Association of Realtors, the area with the lowest median home sales price is west of Interstate 65, in the West and South Ends. The middle range of home sales prices are between Interstates 64 and 65 in the South and East Ends, and the highest median home sales price are north of Interstate 64 in the East End.<a href="#cite_note-73">[69]</a> <a href="/wiki/Immigrants" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigrants">Immigrants</a> from <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> tend to settle in the South End, while immigrants from <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a> settle in the East End.<a href="#cite_note-74">[70]</a> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1008px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:Louisville_Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama from Jeffersonville, Indiana, with George Rogers Clark Memorial Bridge in foreground"><img alt="Louisville panorama from Jeffersonville, Indiana, with Second Street Bridge in foreground" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Louisville_Panorama.jpg/1000px-Louisville_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Louisville_Panorama.jpg/1500px-Louisville_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Louisville_Panorama.jpg/2000px-Louisville_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="21844" data-file-height="2306" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Louisville_Panorama.jpg" title="File:Louisville Panorama.jpg"> </a></div>Panorama from <a href="/wiki/Jeffersonville,_Indiana" title="Jeffersonville, Indiana">Jeffersonville, Indiana</a>, with <a href="/wiki/George_Rogers_Clark_Memorial_Bridge" title="George Rogers Clark Memorial Bridge">George Rogers Clark Memorial Bridge</a> in foreground</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> Louisville has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> Cfa), typical of the <a href="/wiki/Upper_South" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper South">Upper South</a>, and is located in <a href="/wiki/Hardiness_zone#United_States_hardiness_zones_(USDA_scale)" title="Hardiness zone">USDA plant hardiness zones</a> 6b and 7a.<a href="#cite_note-hardiness_zones-75">[71]</a> Springlike conditions typically begin in mid-to-late March, summer from mid-to-late-May to late September, with fall in the October–November period. Seasonal extremes in both temperature and precipitation are not uncommon during early spring and late fall; <a href="/wiki/Severe_weather" title="Severe weather">severe weather</a> is not uncommon, with occasional <a href="/wiki/Tornado" title="Tornado">tornado</a> outbreaks in the region. Winter typically brings a mix of rain, sleet, and snow, with occasional heavy snowfall and icing. Louisville averages 4.5 days with low temperatures dipping to 10 °F (−12 °C);<a href="#cite_note-NOAA_TXT-76">[72]</a> the first and last freezes of the season on average fall on November 2 and April 5, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-NOAA-77">[73]</a> Summer is typically hazy, hot, and humid with long periods of 90–100 °F (32–38 °C) temperatures and drought conditions at times. Louisville averages 38 days a year with high temperatures at or above 90 °F (32 °C). The mean annual temperature is 58.2 °F (14.6 °C), with an average annual snowfall of 12.7 inches (32 cm) and an average annual rainfall of 44.9 inches (1,140 mm). The wettest seasons are spring and summer, although rainfall is fairly constant year round. During the winter, particularly in January and February, several days of snow can be expected. January is the coldest month, with a mean temperature of 34.9 °F (1.6 °C). July is the average hottest month with a mean of 79.3 °F (26.3 °C).<a href="#cite_note-78">[74]</a> The highest recorded temperature was 107 °F (42 °C), which last occurred on July 14, 1936, and the <a href="/wiki/1994_North_American_cold_wave" title="1994 North American cold wave">lowest recorded temperature</a> was −22 °F (−30 °C) on January 19, 1994.<a href="#cite_note-79">[75]</a> In 2012, Louisville had the fourth-hottest summer on record, with the temperature rising up to 106 °F (41 °C) in July and the June all-time monthly record high temperature being broken on two consecutive days.<a href="#cite_note-NOAA-77">[73]</a> As the city exemplifies the <a href="/wiki/Urban_heat_island" title="Urban heat island">urban heat island</a> effect, temperatures in commercial areas and in the industrialized areas along interstates are often higher than in the suburbs, often as much as 5 °F (2.8 °C). <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Muhammad_Ali_International_Airport" title="Louisville Muhammad Ali International Airport">Louisville International Airport</a>, Kentucky (1991–2020 normals,<a href="#cite_note-80">[e]</a> extremes 1872–present<a href="#cite_note-81">[f]</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77 (25) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82 (28) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88 (31) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91 (33) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98 (37) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">105 (41) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">107 (42) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">105 (41) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">104 (40) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">97 (36) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85 (29) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76 (24) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">107 (42) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.2 (18.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.4 (21.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.8 (25.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.1 (28.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.0 (31.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93.6 (34.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.7 (35.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.6 (35.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92.9 (33.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.4 (29.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.1 (23.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.0 (19.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">97.3 (36.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.6 (6.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.3 (9.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.1 (14.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.6 (20.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.8 (25.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.7 (29.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.0 (31.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.4 (31.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.2 (27.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.5 (21.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.6 (14.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.2 (8.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">68.2 (20.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.7 (2.1) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.5 (4.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.4 (9.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.0 (15.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.3 (20.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.4 (24.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.9 (26.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.9 (26.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.0 (22.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.3 (15.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.5 (9.2) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.6 (4.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">58.9 (14.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8 (−2.3) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7 (−0.7) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.6 (3.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.5 (9.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.7 (14.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.2 (19.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.8 (21.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.5 (20.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.9 (16.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.1 (10.1) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.4 (4.1) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.1 (0.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">49.6 (9.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0 (−14.4) </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4 (−11.4) </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3 (−6.5) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7 (−0.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.9 (5.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.6 (12.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.5 (15.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.7 (14.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.9 (8.3) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.7 (0.9) </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1 (−4.9) </td> <td style="background: #ADADFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0 (−10.6) </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3.3 (−15.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #4444FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−22 (−30) </td> <td style="background: #4F4FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−19 (−28) </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1 (−18) </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21 (−6) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31 (−1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42 (6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49 (9) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45 (7) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33 (1) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23 (−5) </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1 (−18) </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−15 (−26) </td> <td style="background: #4444FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−22 (−30) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #7EFF7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.39 (86) </td> <td style="background: #70FF70; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.41 (87) </td> <td style="background: #50FF50; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.60 (117) </td> <td style="background: #43FF43; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.80 (122) </td> <td style="background: #3AFF3A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.18 (132) </td> <td style="background: #58FF58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.27 (108) </td> <td style="background: #65FF65; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.05 (103) </td> <td style="background: #72FF72; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.71 (94) </td> <td style="background: #6FFF6F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.66 (93) </td> <td style="background: #72FF72; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.72 (94) </td> <td style="background: #79FF79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.42 (87) </td> <td style="background: #62FF62; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.13 (105) </td> <td style="background: #63FF63; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">48.34 (1,228) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall inches (cm) </th> <td style="background: #5B5BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">4.5 (11) </td> <td style="background: #5B5BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">4.1 (10) </td> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1 (5.3) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 (0.25) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 (0.25) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 (0.76) </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2 (5.6) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.4 (34) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) </th> <td style="background: #7474FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 </td> <td style="background: #6969FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1 </td> <td style="background: #6767FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 </td> <td style="background: #6363FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.6 </td> <td style="background: #7979FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 </td> <td style="background: #8181FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2 </td> <td style="background: #9A9AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9 </td> <td style="background: #9D9DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9 </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">124.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) </th> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7 </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7 </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000F7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68.1 </td> <td style="background: #0A0AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64.0 </td> <td style="background: #1313FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000FC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000EB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000E7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000F4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000F1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000F7; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">68.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #BFBF27; color:#000000;" class="notheme">140.5 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">148.9 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">188.6 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">221.1 </td> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">263.4 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">288.9 </td> <td style="background: #EDED08; color:#000000;" class="notheme">293.6 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">272.6 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">234.3 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">208.5 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF28; color:#000000;" class="notheme">135.7 </td> <td style="background: #B5B564; color:#000000;" class="notheme">118.3 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,514.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #F8F822; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46 </td> <td style="background: #FDFD2E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF5B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF70; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF70; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF70; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF68; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF5B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">56 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_index" title="Ultraviolet index">ultraviolet index</a> </th> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1.8 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2.8 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">8.0 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">8.9 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">9.1 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">8.2 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2.3 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1.6 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990)<a href="#cite_note-NOAA_TXT-76">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-77">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-noaasun-82">[76]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: UV Index Today (1995 to 2022)<a href="#cite_note-UVIT-83">[77]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style>Note</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1790_United_States_census" title="1790 United States census">1790</a></th><td>200</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_census" title="1800 United States census">1800</a></th><td>359</td><td></td><td>79.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1810_United_States_census" title="1810 United States census">1810</a></th><td>1,357</td><td></td><td>278.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1820_United_States_census" title="1820 United States census">1820</a></th><td>4,012</td><td></td><td>195.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1830_United_States_census" title="1830 United States census">1830</a></th><td>10,341</td><td></td><td>157.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_census" title="1840 United States census">1840</a></th><td>21,210</td><td></td><td>105.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census">1850</a></th><td>43,194</td><td></td><td>103.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></th><td>68,033</td><td></td><td>57.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td>100,753</td><td></td><td>48.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>123,758</td><td></td><td>22.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>161,129</td><td></td><td>30.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>204,731</td><td></td><td>27.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>223,928</td><td></td><td>9.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>234,891</td><td></td><td>4.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>307,745</td><td></td><td>31.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>319,077</td><td></td><td>3.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>369,129</td><td></td><td>15.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>390,639</td><td></td><td>5.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>361,706</td><td></td><td>−7.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>298,694</td><td></td><td>−17.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>269,063</td><td></td><td>−9.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>256,231</td><td></td><td>−4.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>597,337</td><td></td><td>133.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>633,045</td><td></td><td>6.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2022 (est.)</th><td class="us-census-pop-estimate">624,444</td><td><a href="#cite_note-United_States_Census_Bureau-6">[6]</a></td><td>−1.4%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote">U.S. Decennial Census<a href="#cite_note-DecennialCensus-84">[78]</a> In 2003, Louisville merged with Jefferson County and population counts were combined thereafter.<a href="#cite_note-85">[79]</a> 2010–2020<a href="#cite_note-QuickFactsBalance-23">[20]</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_French_in_Louisville" title="History of the French in Louisville">History of the French in Louisville</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Germans_in_Louisville" title="History of Germans in Louisville">History of Germans in Louisville</a>, and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Irish_in_Louisville" title="History of the Irish in Louisville">History of the Irish in Louisville</a></div> Between 1970 and 2000, Louisville lost population each decade. As of the <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United States Census">2000 census</a>, Louisville had a population of 256,231, down from the 1990 census population of 269,063.<a href="#cite_note-PopEstCities-13">[11]</a> Due to the city-county merger that occurred in 2003, which expanded the city limits, the city's population increased to 597,337 at the 2010 census count. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020_Census">2020 Census</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 2020 Census">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Louisville city, Kentucky – Racial and Ethnic Composition <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) </th> <th>Pop 2010<a href="#cite_note-2010CensusP2-86">[80]</a> </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Pop 2020<a href="#cite_note-2020CensusP2city-87">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-2020CensusP2balance-88">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[83]</a> </th> <th>% 2010 </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">% 2020 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino whites">White</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>408,157 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">382,096 </td> <td>68.33% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">60.36% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_African_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans">Black or African American</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>135,138 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">147,069 </td> <td>22.62% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">23.23% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Native">Alaska Native</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>1,289 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">1,206 </td> <td>0.22% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.19% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>12,764 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">21,034 </td> <td>2.14% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">3.32% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>347 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">493 </td> <td>0.06% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.08% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States census">Some Other Race</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>1,018 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">3,064 </td> <td>0.17% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.48% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Mixed Race/Multi-Racial</a> (NH) </td> <td>11,834 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">27,900 </td> <td>1.98% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">4.41% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> (any race) </td> <td>26,790 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">50,183 </td> <td>4.48% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">7.93% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total </td> <td>597,337 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">633,045 </td> <td>100.00% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">100.00% </td></tr></tbody></table> Louisville is the largest city in Kentucky, with 17.1% of the state's total population as of 2010; the balance's percentage was 13.8%.<a href="#cite_note-90">[84]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Louisville_(5560442676).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Louisville_%285560442676%29.png/220px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Louisville_%285560442676%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Louisville_%285560442676%29.png/330px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Louisville_%285560442676%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Louisville_%285560442676%29.png/440px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Louisville_%285560442676%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3009" data-file-height="3009" /></a><figcaption>Map of racial distribution in Louisville, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>⬤ White <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">⬤ African American <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">⬤ Asian <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">⬤ Hispanic <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">⬤ Other</figcaption></figure> The 2007 demographic breakdown for the entire <a href="/wiki/Louisville_metropolitan_area" title="Louisville metropolitan area">Louisville Metro area</a> was 74.8% White (71.7% non-Hispanic), 22.2% African American, 0.6% Native American, 2.0% Asian, 0.1% Hawaiian or Pacific islander, 1.4% other, and 1.6% multiracial. About 2.9% of the total population was identified as Hispanic of any race. During the same year, the area of premerger Louisville consisted 60.1% White, 35.2% African American, 1.9% Asian, 0.2% Native American, and 3.0% other, with 2.4% identified as Hispanic of any race. Of the 287,012 households, 29.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.2% were <a href="/wiki/Married_couples" class="mw-redirect" title="Married couples">married couples</a> living together, 14.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.2% were not families. About 30.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.97. The age distribution is 24.3% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 30.4% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.60 males. The <a href="/wiki/Median_income" title="Median income">median income</a> for a household in 2017 was $51,960. For non-family households the median income was $32,446, and for family households was $67,965. In 2017, males had a median income of $36,326 while females had a median income of $30,464.<a href="#cite_note-91">[85]</a> The latest available data for <a href="/wiki/Per_capita_income" title="Per capita income">per capita income</a> comes from 2006, and was $23,304 for the county.<a href="#cite_note-92">[86]</a> About 9.5% of families and 15.1% of the population were below the <a href="/wiki/Poverty_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty line">poverty line</a> in 2017, including 23.5% of those under age 18 and 8.2% of those ages 65 or over.<a href="#cite_note-93">[87]</a> African Americans are concentrated in the <a href="/wiki/Smoketown,_Louisville" title="Smoketown, Louisville">Smoketown</a> neighborhood.<a href="#cite_note-94">[88]</a> Additionally, around 60,000 <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Americans" title="Cuban Americans">Cuban Americans</a> are said to live in the Louisville area,<a href="#cite_note-Census.gov-15">[12]</a> with <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Kentucky" title="Jefferson County, Kentucky">Jefferson County</a> ranking 12th nationally.<a href="#cite_note-95">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Religion in Louisville, Kentucky">Religion in Louisville, Kentucky</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kentucky" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Kentucky">Religion in Kentucky</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cathedral_Assumption_Louisville.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Cathedral_Assumption_Louisville.jpg/170px-Cathedral_Assumption_Louisville.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Cathedral_Assumption_Louisville.jpg/255px-Cathedral_Assumption_Louisville.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Cathedral_Assumption_Louisville.jpg/340px-Cathedral_Assumption_Louisville.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Assumption_(Louisville,_Kentucky)" title="Cathedral of the Assumption (Louisville, Kentucky)">Cathedral of the Assumption</a></figcaption></figure> Louisville hosts religious institutions of various faiths, including <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a>. The 135,421 <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> Louisvillians are part of the <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Louisville" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Louisville">Archdiocese of Louisville</a>, covering 24 counties in central Kentucky, and consisting of 121 parishes and missions spread over 8,124 square miles (21,040 km2).<a href="#cite_note-96">[90]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Assumption_(Louisville,_Kentucky)" title="Cathedral of the Assumption (Louisville, Kentucky)">Cathedral of the Assumption</a> in downtown Louisville is the seat of the Archdiocese of Louisville. <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Our_Lady_of_Gethsemani" title="Abbey of Our Lady of Gethsemani">Our Lady of Gethsemani Abbey</a>, the monastic home of Catholic writer <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Merton" title="Thomas Merton">Thomas Merton</a>, is in nearby <a href="/wiki/Bardstown,_Kentucky" title="Bardstown, Kentucky">Bardstown, Kentucky</a>, and also in the archdiocese. Most of Louisville's Roman Catholic population is of German descent, the result of large-scale 19th-century immigration. <a href="/wiki/Bellarmine_University" title="Bellarmine University">Bellarmine University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spalding_University" title="Spalding University">Spalding University</a> in Louisville are affiliated with the Roman Catholic Church. One in three Louisvillians is <a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Baptist">Southern Baptist</a>, belonging to one of 147 local congregations.<a href="#cite_note-97">[91]</a> This denomination increased in number when large numbers of people moved into Louisville in the early 20th century from rural Kentucky and <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> to work in the city's factories; some of these migrants also formed <a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal churches</a> and <a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Christ" title="Churches of Christ">Churches of Christ</a>. <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Germans_in_Louisville" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Germans in Louisville">German immigrants</a> in the 19th century brought not only a large Catholic population, but also the <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Synod_of_North_America" title="Evangelical Synod of North America">Evangelical</a> faiths, which are represented today in Louisville by the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in America">Evangelical Lutheran Church in America</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church%E2%80%93Missouri_Synod" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod">Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Christ" title="United Church of Christ">United Church of Christ</a>, respectively. The largest <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a> Church in <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>, Christ Church United Methodist, is located in Louisville, and the city has boasted a large Methodist population since the cities founding.<a href="#cite_note-98">[92]</a> The city is home to two <a href="/wiki/Megachurch" title="Megachurch">megachurches</a>. <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Christian_Church" title="Southeast Christian Church">Southeast Christian Church</a>, with its main campus in <a href="/wiki/Middletown,_Kentucky" title="Middletown, Kentucky">Middletown</a> and three others in the surrounding region, is, as of 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit">[update]</a>, the eighth-largest church in the US by average weekend attendance.<a href="#cite_note-Outreach-99">[93]</a> St. Stephen Church<a href="#cite_note-100">[94]</a> has the largest African American congregation in Kentucky.<a href="#cite_note-101">[95]</a> The city is home to several religious institutions: the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Theological_Seminary" title="Southern Baptist Theological Seminary">Southern Baptist Theological Seminary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Bible_College" title="Louisville Bible College">Louisville Bible College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Presbyterian_Theological_Seminary" title="Louisville Presbyterian Theological Seminary">Louisville Presbyterian Theological Seminary</a>, and the denominational headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_(USA)" title="Presbyterian Church (USA)">Presbyterian Church (USA)</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> maintains a <a href="/wiki/Temple_(LDS_Church)" title="Temple (LDS Church)">temple</a> in suburban <a href="/wiki/Crestwood,_Kentucky" title="Crestwood, Kentucky">Crestwood</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[96]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew">Jewish</a> population of around 14,200 in the metro area<a href="#cite_note-103">[97]</a> is served by five <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogues</a>. Most Jewish families emigrated from <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a> at the start of the 20th century; around 800 <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Jews">Soviet Jews</a> have moved to Louisville since 1991.<a href="#cite_note-104">[98]</a> Jewish immigrants founded Jewish Hospital in what was once the center of the city's Jewish district. From 2005 to 2012, Jewish Hospital merged with two Kentucky-based Catholic <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare system">healthcare systems</a> to form <a href="/wiki/KentuckyOne_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="KentuckyOne Health">KentuckyOne Health</a>, which later in 2012 announced a partnership with the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Louisville" title="University of Louisville">University of Louisville</a> Hospital. A significant focal point for Louisville's Jewish community is located near <a href="/wiki/Bowman_Field_(Kentucky)" title="Bowman Field (Kentucky)">Bowman Field</a>, where there are two Orthodox synagogues (including <a href="/wiki/Anshei_Sfard" class="mw-redirect" title="Anshei Sfard">Anshei Sfard</a>, founded in 1893), the Jewish Community Center, Jewish Family and Career Services, and an affordable housing complex. <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> in Louisville number around 10,000, both indigenous and immigrants who arrived in the early <a href="/wiki/1960s" title="1960s">1960s</a> from from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Iran, and Turkey. Immigrants from Afghanistan arrived in the early <a href="/wiki/1980s" title="1980s">1980s</a>. Those from Iraq, Somalia, and Bosnia arrived in the <a href="/wiki/1990s" title="1990s">1990s</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/2010s" title="2010s">2010s</a> saw the arrival of immigrants from Kosovo. Many <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosques</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> organizations exist in the metro area.<a href="#cite_note-105">[99]</a> Since 1996, every May, the Festival of Faiths,<a href="#cite_note-106">[100]</a> a five-day national <a href="/wiki/Interfaith_dialogue" title="Interfaith dialogue">interfaith</a> gathering, is held featuring music, poetry, film, art and dialogue with internationally renowned spiritual leaders, thinkers and practitioners. The festival is organized by the Center for Interfaith Relations<a href="#cite_note-107">[101]</a> and is held at <a href="/wiki/Actors_Theatre_of_Louisville" title="Actors Theatre of Louisville">Actors Theatre of Louisville</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[103]</a> Louisville first welcomed the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a> in 1920. The <a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Assembly" title="Spiritual Assembly">Spiritual Assembly</a> of the Baháʼí of Louisville was formed in 1944 when their community reached the required amount of nine adult Baháʼís. The first Baháʼí center opened in Louisville in 1967 in <a href="/wiki/Crescent_Hill,_Louisville" title="Crescent Hill, Louisville">Crescent Hill</a>. When the community outgrew the space in 1985, it was sold and another center opened in <a href="/wiki/Buechel,_Louisville" title="Buechel, Louisville">Buechel</a> in 1998.<a href="#cite_note-110">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crime">Crime</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Crime">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Metro_Police_Department" title="Louisville Metro Police Department">Louisville Metro Police Department</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Metro_EMS" title="Louisville Metro EMS">Louisville Metro EMS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Division_of_Fire" title="Louisville Division of Fire">Louisville Division of Fire</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County_Fire_Service" title="Jefferson County Fire Service">Jefferson County Fire Service</a></div> In a 2005 survey, <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Quitno_Press" title="Morgan Quitno Press">Morgan Quitno Press</a> ranked Louisville as the seventh safest large city in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-111">[105]</a> The 2006 edition of the survey ranked Louisville eighth.<a href="#cite_note-112">[106]</a> In 2004, Louisville recorded 70 murders. The numbers for 2005 ranged from 55 to 59 (FBI says 55, LMPD says 59), which was down 16 percent from 2004.<a href="#cite_note-113">[107]</a> In 2006, Louisville-Jefferson County recorded 50 murders, which was significantly lower than previous years. In 2008, Louisville recorded 79 murders.<a href="#cite_note-114">[108]</a> The Louisville Metro Area's overall <a href="/wiki/Violent_crime" title="Violent crime">violent crime</a> rate was 412.6 per 100,000 residents in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-115">[109]</a> The Elizabethtown, Kentucky Metro Area, which is part of Louisville's Combined Statistical Area, was the 17th safest Metro in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-116">[110]</a> Kentucky has the 5th lowest violent crime rate out of the 50 states.<a href="#cite_note-117">[111]</a> In 2020, Louisville recorded 173 murders;<a href="#cite_note-118">[112]</a> and, in 2021, Louisville recorded 188 murders amidst an ongoing violent crime wave in the city.<a href="#cite_note-119">[113]</a> The city has also been one of the hardest hit by the opioid epidemic. In 2021, Louisville broke the record for overdoses in the city. Heroin, fentanyl and other opioids have also attributed to an overall increase in violent crime, property crime and homelessness in the past decade.<a href="#cite_note-120">[114]</a> Violent crime is most concentrated west of downtown, especially in the <a href="/wiki/Russell,_Louisville" title="Russell, Louisville">Russell</a> neighborhood. The West End, located north of Algonquin Parkway and West of 9th Street, had 32 of the city's 79 murders in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-121">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Economy of Louisville, Kentucky">Economy of Louisville, Kentucky</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Greater_Louisville_Inc." title="Greater Louisville Inc.">Greater Louisville Inc.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Keep_Louisville_Weird" title="Keep Louisville Weird">Keep Louisville Weird</a>; and <a href="/wiki/List_of_major_employers_in_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="List of major employers in Louisville, Kentucky">List of major employers in Louisville, Kentucky</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LNBldBroadwayLOu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/LNBldBroadwayLOu.jpg/170px-LNBldBroadwayLOu.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/LNBldBroadwayLOu.jpg/255px-LNBldBroadwayLOu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/LNBldBroadwayLOu.jpg/340px-LNBldBroadwayLOu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Louisville_and_Nashville_Railroad" title="Louisville and Nashville Railroad">L&N</a> Building on West Broadway</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LouisvilleViewFromBelvedere.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/LouisvilleViewFromBelvedere.jpg/220px-LouisvilleViewFromBelvedere.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/LouisvilleViewFromBelvedere.jpg/330px-LouisvilleViewFromBelvedere.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/LouisvilleViewFromBelvedere.jpg/440px-LouisvilleViewFromBelvedere.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Left to right, <a href="/wiki/BB%26T" title="BB&T">BB&T</a> Building, <a href="/wiki/400_West_Market" title="400 West Market">400 West Market</a>, <a href="/wiki/PNC_Tower" title="PNC Tower">PNC Tower</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Humana_Building" title="Humana Building">Humana Building</a> in downtown Louisville</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TSOK_bottle_hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/TSOK_bottle_hall.jpg/220px-TSOK_bottle_hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/TSOK_bottle_hall.jpg/330px-TSOK_bottle_hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/TSOK_bottle_hall.jpg/440px-TSOK_bottle_hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3333" /></a><figcaption>Bottle Hall at the <a href="/wiki/Frazier_History_Museum" title="Frazier History Museum">Frazier History Museum</a>, showcasing every bourbon being produced in Kentucky</figcaption></figure> Louisville today is home to <a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_and_organizations_based_in_Louisville" class="mw-redirect" title="List of companies and organizations based in Louisville">dozens of companies and organizations</a> across several <a href="/wiki/Industrial_classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial classification">industrial classifications</a>. However, the underpinning of the city's economy since its earliest days has been the shipping and cargo industries. Its strategic location at the Falls of the Ohio, as well as its unique position in the central United States (within one day's road travel to 60 percent of the cities in the continental U.S.) make it a practical location for the transfer of cargo along its route to other destinations.<a href="#cite_note-122">[116]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Louisville_and_Portland_Canal" title="Louisville and Portland Canal">Louisville and Portland Canal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Louisville_and_Nashville_Railroad" title="Louisville and Nashville Railroad">Louisville and Nashville Railroad</a> were important links in water and rail transportation. Louisville's importance to the <a href="/wiki/Freight_transport" title="Freight transport">shipping industry</a> continues today with the presence of the <a href="/wiki/Worldport_(UPS_air_hub)" class="mw-redirect" title="Worldport (UPS air hub)">Worldport</a> global air-freight hub for <a href="/wiki/United_Parcel_Service" title="United Parcel Service">UPS</a> at <a href="/wiki/Louisville_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisville International Airport">Louisville International Airport</a>. Louisville's location at the crossroads of three major <a href="/wiki/Interstate_highways" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate highways">interstate highways</a> (<a href="/wiki/Interstate_64_in_Kentucky" title="Interstate 64 in Kentucky">I‑64</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_65_in_Kentucky" title="Interstate 65 in Kentucky">I‑65</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_71#Kentucky" title="Interstate 71">I‑71</a>) also contributes to its modern-day strategic importance to the shipping and cargo industry. In addition, the Port of Louisville<a href="#cite_note-123">[117]</a> continues Louisville's river shipping presence at <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Riverport_International" title="Jefferson Riverport International">Jefferson Riverport International</a>. As of 2003, Louisville ranks as the seventh-largest <a href="/wiki/Inland_port" title="Inland port">inland port</a> in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-124">[118]</a> Louisville is a significant center of manufacturing, with two major <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a> plants, and the headquarters and major <a href="/wiki/Home_appliance" title="Home appliance">home appliance</a> factory of <a href="/wiki/GE_Appliances" title="GE Appliances">GE Appliances</a> (a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Haier" title="Haier">Haier</a>). The city is also a major center of the <a href="/wiki/American_whiskey" title="American whiskey">American whiskey</a> industry, with about one-third of all <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_whiskey" title="Bourbon whiskey">bourbon whiskey</a> coming from Louisville.<a href="#cite_note-125">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-Travel_Channel-127">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[122]</a> <a href="/wiki/Brown-Forman" class="mw-redirect" title="Brown-Forman">Brown-Forman</a>, one of the major makers of American whiskey, is headquartered in Louisville and operates a distillery in the Louisville suburb of <a href="/wiki/Shively,_Kentucky" title="Shively, Kentucky">Shively</a>. The current primary distillery site operated by <a href="/wiki/Heaven_Hill" title="Heaven Hill">Heaven Hill</a>, called the <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Wolfe_Bernheim" title="Isaac Wolfe Bernheim">Bernheim</a> distillery, is also located in Louisville near Brown-Forman's distillery. Other distilleries and related businesses can also be found in neighboring cities in Kentucky, such as <a href="/wiki/Bardstown" class="mw-redirect" title="Bardstown">Bardstown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clermont,_Kentucky" title="Clermont, Kentucky">Clermont</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lawrenceburg,_Kentucky" title="Lawrenceburg, Kentucky">Lawrenceburg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Loretto,_Kentucky" title="Loretto, Kentucky">Loretto</a>. Similar to the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Bourbon_Trail" title="Kentucky Bourbon Trail">Kentucky Bourbon Trail</a> that links these central Kentucky locations, Louisville offers tourists its own "Urban Bourbon Trail",<a href="#cite_note-129">[123]</a> where people can stop at nearly 20 "area bars and restaurants, all offering at least 50 labels of America's only native spirit".<a href="#cite_note-Travel_Channel-127">[121]</a> Not typically known for <a href="/wiki/High_tech" title="High tech">high tech</a> outside of the previously identified industries, <a href="/wiki/Code_Louisville" title="Code Louisville">Code Louisville</a>, the city's <a href="/wiki/Public%E2%80%93private_partnership" title="Public–private partnership">public–private partnership</a> for teaching people entry level software development skills, received recognition in 2015 from then-President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>.<a href="#cite_note-130">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[126]</a> Omega Mirror Products, which at the height of the <a href="/wiki/Disco_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Disco era">disco era</a> in the 1970s manufactured 90% of all <a href="/wiki/Disco_ball" title="Disco ball">mirror balls</a> in the US, is based in Louisville.<a href="#cite_note-133">[127]</a> Several major motion pictures have been filmed in or near Louisville, including <a href="/wiki/The_Insider_(film)" title="The Insider (film)">The Insider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goldfinger_(film)" title="Goldfinger (film)">Goldfinger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stripes_(film)" title="Stripes (film)">Stripes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lawn_Dogs" title="Lawn Dogs">Lawn Dogs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabethtown_(film)" title="Elizabethtown (film)">Elizabethtown</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_(film)" title="Secretariat (film)">Secretariat</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Top_Employers">Top Employers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Top Employers">edit</a>]</div> As of the city's 2023 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report<a href="#cite_note-134">[128]</a>, Louisville's top employers are: <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>#</th> <th>Employer</th> <th>Number of employees </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Parcel_Service" title="United Parcel Service">United Parcel Service</a></td> <td>26,328 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Norton_Healthcare" title="Norton Healthcare">Norton Healthcare</a></td> <td>15,044 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County_Public_Schools_(Kentucky)" title="Jefferson County Public Schools (Kentucky)">Jefferson County Public Schools</a></td> <td>14,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/UofL_Health" title="UofL Health">UofL Health</a></td> <td>13,136 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a></td> <td>13,020 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Health_(Kentucky_and_Southern_Indiana)" title="Baptist Health (Kentucky and Southern Indiana)">Baptist Health</a></td> <td>8,657 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a></td> <td>8,550 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/GE_Appliances" title="GE Appliances">GE Appliances</a></td> <td>8,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Humana_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Humana Inc.">Humana Inc.</a></td> <td>7,465 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Louisville" title="University of Louisville">University of Louisville</a></td> <td>7,114 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arts_and_culture">Arts and culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Arts and culture">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Special:EditPage/Louisville, Kentucky">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2014) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Annual_festivals_and_other_events">Annual festivals and other events</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Annual festivals and other events">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_attractions_and_events_in_the_Louisville_metropolitan_area" title="List of attractions and events in the Louisville metropolitan area">List of attractions and events in the Louisville metropolitan area</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kentucky_Derby_Festival,_Great_Balloon_Race.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Kentucky_Derby_Festival%2C_Great_Balloon_Race.jpg/220px-Kentucky_Derby_Festival%2C_Great_Balloon_Race.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Kentucky_Derby_Festival%2C_Great_Balloon_Race.jpg/330px-Kentucky_Derby_Festival%2C_Great_Balloon_Race.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Kentucky_Derby_Festival%2C_Great_Balloon_Race.jpg/440px-Kentucky_Derby_Festival%2C_Great_Balloon_Race.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>The Great Balloon Race, part of the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Derby_Festival" title="Kentucky Derby Festival">Kentucky Derby Festival</a></figcaption></figure> Louisville is home to many annual cultural events. Perhaps most well known is the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Derby" title="Kentucky Derby">Kentucky Derby</a>, held annually during the first Saturday of May. The Derby is preceded by a two-week-long <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Derby_Festival" title="Kentucky Derby Festival">Kentucky Derby Festival</a>, which starts with the annual <a href="/wiki/Thunder_Over_Louisville" title="Thunder Over Louisville">Thunder Over Louisville</a>, the largest annual <a href="/wiki/Fireworks_display" class="mw-redirect" title="Fireworks display">fireworks display</a> in North America.<a href="#cite_note-135">[129]</a> The Kentucky Derby Festival also features notable events such as the <a href="/wiki/Pegasus_Parade" class="mw-redirect" title="Pegasus Parade">Pegasus Parade</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Steamboat_Race" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Steamboat Race">The Great Steamboat Race</a>, Great <a href="/wiki/Hot_air_ballooning#Competition" title="Hot air ballooning">Balloon Race</a>, a combined <a href="/wiki/Marathon" title="Marathon">marathon</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mini_marathon" title="Mini marathon">mini marathon</a> and about seventy events in total. <a href="/wiki/Esquire_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Esquire magazine">Esquire magazine</a> has called the Kentucky Derby "the biggest party in the south". The summer season in Louisville also features a series of cultural events such as the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Shakespeare_Festival" title="Kentucky Shakespeare Festival">Kentucky Shakespeare Festival</a> (commonly called "<a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_in_the_Park_festivals" title="Shakespeare in the Park festivals">Shakespeare in Central Park</a>"), held every summer from May to August and presents free <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a> plays in <a href="/wiki/Central_Park,_Louisville" title="Central Park, Louisville">Central Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Old_Louisville" title="Old Louisville">Old Louisville</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arcade_Fire,_Forecastle_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Arcade_Fire%2C_Forecastle_2018.jpg/220px-Arcade_Fire%2C_Forecastle_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Arcade_Fire%2C_Forecastle_2018.jpg/330px-Arcade_Fire%2C_Forecastle_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Arcade_Fire%2C_Forecastle_2018.jpg/440px-Arcade_Fire%2C_Forecastle_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4934" data-file-height="3289" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arcade_Fire" title="Arcade Fire">Arcade Fire</a> appearing at the <a href="/wiki/Forecastle_Festival" title="Forecastle Festival">Forecastle Festival</a> in 2018</figcaption></figure> Before pausing in 2023, the <a href="/wiki/Forecastle_Festival" title="Forecastle Festival">Forecastle Festival</a> during <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Day" title="Memorial Day">Memorial Day</a> weekend drew 75,000 visitors (as of 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit">[update]</a>) to <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Waterfront_Park" title="Louisville Waterfront Park">Louisville Waterfront Park</a> in celebration of the best in music, art and environmental activism. Past performers include <a href="/wiki/The_Black_Keys" title="The Black Keys">The Black Keys</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Flaming_Lips" title="The Flaming Lips">The Flaming Lips</a>, <a href="/wiki/Widespread_Panic" title="Widespread Panic">Widespread Panic</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Smashing_Pumpkins" title="The Smashing Pumpkins">The Smashing Pumpkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Avett_Brothers" title="The Avett Brothers">The Avett Brothers</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Black_Crowes" title="The Black Crowes">The Black Crowes</a> and hundreds more. It was replaced in 2024 with the Gazebo Festival, co-headlined by Louisville's <a href="/wiki/Jack_Harlow" title="Jack Harlow">Jack Harlow</a> and <a href="/wiki/SZA" title="SZA">SZA</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[130]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_State_Fair" title="Kentucky State Fair">Kentucky State Fair</a> is held every August at the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Exposition_Center" title="Kentucky Exposition Center">Kentucky Exposition Center</a> in Louisville as well, featuring an array of culture from all areas of Kentucky. In places, the African American community celebrates <a href="/wiki/Juneteenth" title="Juneteenth">Juneteenth</a> commemorating June 19, 1865, when enslaved African Americans in the western territories learned of their freedom.<a href="#cite_note-137">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[133]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Jeffersontown,_Kentucky" title="Jeffersontown, Kentucky">Jeffersontown neighborhood</a> is also the home of the annual <a href="/wiki/Jeffersontown_Gaslight_Festival" title="Jeffersontown Gaslight Festival">Gaslight Festival</a>, a series of events spread over a week. Attendance is estimated at 200,000–300,000 for the week.<a href="#cite_note-140">[134]</a> The month of October features the <a href="/wiki/St._James_Court_Art_Show" title="St. James Court Art Show">St. James Court Art Show</a> in <a href="/wiki/Old_Louisville" title="Old Louisville">Old Louisville</a>. Thousands of artists gather on the streets and in the courtyard to exhibit and sell their wares, and the event is attended by many art collectors and enthusiasts. The show typically brings in a crowd of over 150,000 people and $3 million in sales.<a href="#cite_note-141">[135]</a> Another art-related event that occurs every month is the <a href="/wiki/First_Friday_(public_event)" title="First Friday (public event)">First Friday Hop</a>.<a href="#cite_note-142">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indie_scene">Indie scene</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Indie scene">edit</a>]</div> A Louisville locale that highlights the city's indie scene is <a href="/wiki/Bardstown_Road" title="Bardstown Road">Bardstown Road</a>, an area located in the heart of the <a href="/wiki/The_Highlands,_Louisville" title="The Highlands, Louisville">Highlands</a>. Bardstown Road is known[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">by whom?</a>] for its cultural diversity and local trade. Though it is only about a mile (1.6 km) long, this strip of Bardstown Road constitutes much of the city's culture and diverse lifestyle, contributing to the unofficial "<a href="/wiki/Keep_Louisville_Weird" title="Keep Louisville Weird">Keep Louisville Weird</a>" slogan. In downtown Louisville, <a href="/wiki/21c_Museum_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="21c Museum Hotel">21c Museum Hotel</a>, a hotel that showcases contemporary art installations and exhibitions throughout its public spaces, and features a red penguin on its roof, is, according to The New York Times, "an innovative concept with strong execution and prompt and enthusiastic service".[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Louisville is home to a thriving <a href="/wiki/Indie_music_scene" title="Indie music scene">indie music scene</a> with bands such as <a href="/wiki/Love_Jones_(band)" title="Love Jones (band)">Love Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tantric_(band)" title="Tantric (band)">Tantric</a>, <a href="/wiki/Squirrel_Bait" title="Squirrel Bait">Squirrel Bait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cabin_(band)" title="Cabin (band)">CABIN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slint" title="Slint">Slint</a>, <a href="/wiki/My_Morning_Jacket" title="My Morning Jacket">My Morning Jacket</a>, <a href="/wiki/Houndmouth" title="Houndmouth">Houndmouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Young_Widows" title="Young Widows">Young Widows</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wax_Fang" title="Wax Fang">Wax Fang</a>. Acclaimed singer-songwriters <a href="/wiki/Will_Oldham" title="Will Oldham">Will Oldham</a>, who performs under the moniker "Bonnie 'Prince' Billy", is a resident, as was country/rock singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Tim_Krekel" title="Tim Krekel">Tim Krekel</a>. Cellist <a href="/wiki/Ben_Sollee" title="Ben Sollee">Ben Sollee</a> splits his time between Louisville and Lexington. Long running rock/jazz fusion band <a href="/wiki/NRBQ" title="NRBQ">NRBQ</a> also formed in Louisville in the late 1960s as well as 1980s <a href="/wiki/Psychobilly" title="Psychobilly">psychobilly</a> band <a href="/wiki/Bodeco" title="Bodeco">Bodeco</a>. <a href="/wiki/Post-grunge" title="Post-grunge">Post-grunge</a> band <a href="/wiki/Days_of_the_New" title="Days of the New">Days of the New</a>, at one time including <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Scherzinger" title="Nicole Scherzinger">Nicole Scherzinger</a>, formed in Louisville in the mid-1990s. Popular local singer <a href="/wiki/Bryson_Tiller" title="Bryson Tiller">Bryson Tiller</a> paid homage to Louisville in his chart-topping <a href="/wiki/T_R_A_P_S_O_U_L" class="mw-redirect" title="T R A P S O U L">T R A P S O U L</a> with the song "502 Come Up", referencing the city's area code, and rapper <a href="/wiki/Jack_Harlow" title="Jack Harlow">Jack Harlow</a> also calls the city home. Especially catering to Louisville's music scene is 91.9 <a href="/wiki/WFPK" title="WFPK">WFPK</a> Radio Louisville, a local <a href="/wiki/Public_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Public radio">public radio</a> station funded, in part, from local listeners. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums,_galleries_and_interpretive_centers">Museums, galleries and interpretive centers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Museums, galleries and interpretive centers">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FIHM.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/FIHM.jpg/170px-FIHM.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/FIHM.jpg/255px-FIHM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/FIHM.jpg/340px-FIHM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="509" /></a><figcaption>Facade of the <a href="/wiki/Frazier_History_Museum" title="Frazier History Museum">Frazier History Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_the_Louisville_metropolitan_area" title="List of museums in the Louisville metropolitan area">List of museums in the Louisville metropolitan area</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_attractions_and_events_in_the_Louisville_metropolitan_area" title="List of attractions and events in the Louisville metropolitan area">List of attractions and events in the Louisville metropolitan area</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/West_Main_District" class="mw-redirect" title="West Main District">West Main District</a> in <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Louisville" title="Downtown Louisville">downtown Louisville</a> features what is locally known as "Museum Row". In this area is the <a href="/wiki/Frazier_History_Museum" title="Frazier History Museum">Frazier History Museum</a>, which opened in 2004 as an armaments museum but since has expanded its focus. It originally featured the only collection of <a href="/wiki/Royal_Armouries" title="Royal Armouries">Royal Armouries</a> artifacts outside of the United Kingdom until remaining display items were returned in 2015. Also nearby is the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Science_Center" title="Kentucky Science Center">Kentucky Science Center</a>, which is Kentucky's largest hands-on science center and features interactive exhibits, <a href="/wiki/IMAX" title="IMAX">IMAX</a> films, educational programs and technology networks. <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Museum_of_Art_and_Craft" class="mw-redirect" title="Kentucky Museum of Art and Craft">The Kentucky Museum of Art and Craft</a>, opened in 1981, is a nonprofit organization. The <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Center" title="Muhammad Ali Center">Muhammad Ali Center</a> opened November 2005 in "Museum Row" and features Louisville native <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali" title="Muhammad Ali">Muhammad Ali</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">boxing</a> memorabilia. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AliCenter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/AliCenter.jpg/220px-AliCenter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/AliCenter.jpg/330px-AliCenter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/AliCenter.jpg/440px-AliCenter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="401" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Center" title="Muhammad Ali Center">Muhammad Ali Center</a>, alongside <a href="/wiki/Interstate_64" title="Interstate 64">I‑64</a> on Louisville's riverfront</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/National_Society_of_the_Sons_of_the_American_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="National Society of the Sons of the American Revolution">National Society of the Sons of the American Revolution</a> (SAR) is a patriotic, historical, and educational non-profit organization and a leading male lineage society that perpetuates the ideals of the American war for independence and the founding of the United States. The SAR opened its <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Genealogical_Research_Library&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Genealogical Research Library (page does not exist)">National Genealogical Research Library</a> in 2010. The <a href="/wiki/Speed_Art_Museum" title="Speed Art Museum">Speed Art Museum</a> opened in 1927 and is the oldest and largest <a href="/wiki/Art_gallery" title="Art gallery">art museum</a> in Kentucky. The museum was closed for three years, re-opening in 2016 with 220,000 sq. ft. of renovations.<a href="#cite_note-143">[137]</a> Located adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Louisville" title="University of Louisville">University of Louisville</a>, the museum features over 12,000 pieces of art in its permanent collection and hosts traveling exhibitions. Multiple art galleries are located in the city, but they are especially concentrated in the <a href="/wiki/East_Market_District" class="mw-redirect" title="East Market District">East Market District</a> (NuLu), immediately to the east of downtown.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] This row of galleries, plus others in the West Main District, are prominently featured in the monthly First Friday Hop.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Several <a href="/wiki/Local_history" title="Local history">local history</a> museums are in the Louisville area. The most prominent among them is <a href="/wiki/The_Filson_Historical_Society" title="The Filson Historical Society">The Filson Historical Society</a>, founded in 1884, which has holdings exceeding 1.5 million manuscript items and over 50,000 volumes in the library. The Filson's extensive collections focus on Kentucky, the <a href="/wiki/Upper_South" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper South">Upper South</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohio River Valley">Ohio River Valley</a>, and contain a large collection of portraiture and over 10,000 museum artifacts. Other local history museums include the <a href="/wiki/Portland_Museum_(Louisville)" title="Portland Museum (Louisville)">Portland Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Historic_Locust_Grove" title="Historic Locust Grove">Historic Locust Grove</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conrad-Caldwell_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Conrad-Caldwell House">Conrad-Caldwell House Museum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Falls_of_the_Ohio_State_Park" title="Falls of the Ohio State Park">Falls of the Ohio State Park</a> <a href="/wiki/Interpretive_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Interpretive center">interpretive center</a> (<a href="/wiki/Clarksville,_Indiana" title="Clarksville, Indiana">Clarksville, Indiana</a>), <a href="/wiki/Howard_Steamboat_Museum" title="Howard Steamboat Museum">Howard Steamboat Museum</a> (Jeffersonville, Indiana) and the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Center_for_Art_and_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnegie Center for Art and History">Carnegie Center for Art and History</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Albany,_Indiana" title="New Albany, Indiana">New Albany, Indiana</a>). The Falls interpretive center, part of the <a href="/wiki/Falls_of_the_Ohio_National_Wildlife_Conservation_Area" title="Falls of the Ohio National Wildlife Conservation Area">Falls of the Ohio National Wildlife Conservation Area</a>, also functions as a <a href="/wiki/Natural_history" title="Natural history">natural history</a> museum, covering findings in the nearby exposed <a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">Devonian</a> <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">fossil</a> bed. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Belle_of_Louisville_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Belle_of_Louisville_2.jpg/220px-Belle_of_Louisville_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Belle_of_Louisville_2.jpg/330px-Belle_of_Louisville_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Belle_of_Louisville_2.jpg/440px-Belle_of_Louisville_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="681" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Belle_of_Louisville" title="Belle of Louisville">Belle of Louisville</a></figcaption></figure> There are also several historical properties and items of interest in the area, including the <a href="/wiki/Belle_of_Louisville" title="Belle of Louisville">Belle of Louisville</a>, the oldest <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a>-style <a href="/wiki/Steamboat" title="Steamboat">steamboat</a> in operation in the United States. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Hospital_of_Louisville" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Marine Hospital of Louisville">United States Marine Hospital of Louisville</a> is considered by the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> to be the best remaining <a href="/wiki/Antebellum_architecture" title="Antebellum architecture">antebellum</a> hospital in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-144">[138]</a> It was designed by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mills_(architect)" title="Robert Mills (architect)">Robert Mills</a>, who is best known as the designer of the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fort_Knox" title="Fort Knox">Fort Knox</a>, spread out among <a href="/wiki/Bullitt_County,_Kentucky" title="Bullitt County, Kentucky">Bullitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hardin_County,_Kentucky" title="Hardin County, Kentucky">Hardin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meade_County,_Kentucky" title="Meade County, Kentucky">Meade</a> Counties (two of which are in the <a href="/wiki/Louisville_metropolitan_area" title="Louisville metropolitan area">Louisville metropolitan area</a>), is home to the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Bullion_Depository" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Bullion Depository">U.S. Bullion Depository</a> and the <a href="/wiki/General_George_Patton_Museum_of_Leadership" title="General George Patton Museum of Leadership">General George Patton Museum</a>. The previously mentioned Locust Grove, former home of Louisville Founder <a href="/wiki/George_Rogers_Clark" title="George Rogers Clark">George Rogers Clark</a>, portrays life in the early days of the city. Other notable properties include the <a href="/wiki/Farmington_Historic_Plantation" class="mw-redirect" title="Farmington Historic Plantation">Farmington Historic Plantation</a> (home of the Speed family), <a href="/wiki/Riverside,_The_Farnsley-Moremen_Landing" class="mw-redirect" title="Riverside, The Farnsley-Moremen Landing">Riverside, The Farnsley-Moremen Landing</a> and the restored <a href="/wiki/Union_Station_(Louisville)" title="Union Station (Louisville)">Union Station</a>, which opened in 1891. The Louisville area is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Waverly_Hills_Sanatorium" title="Waverly Hills Sanatorium">Waverly Hills Sanatorium</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Fin_de_si%C3%A8cle" title="Fin de siècle">turn-of-the-century</a> (20th) <a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">hospital</a> that was originally built to accommodate <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> patients, and subsequently has been reported and sensationalized to be haunted.The <a href="/wiki/Little_Loomhouse" title="Little Loomhouse">Little Loomhouse</a> maintains historical records of local spinning and weaving patterns and techniques. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performing_arts">Performing arts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Performing arts">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Kentucky_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/The_Kentucky_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts.jpg/220px-The_Kentucky_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/The_Kentucky_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts.jpg/330px-The_Kentucky_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/The_Kentucky_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts.jpg/440px-The_Kentucky_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2492" data-file-height="1676" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Kentucky_Center" title="The Kentucky Center">The Kentucky Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Louisville" title="Downtown Louisville">Downtown Louisville</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Performing_arts_in_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Performing arts in Louisville, Kentucky">Performing arts in Louisville, Kentucky</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Theater_in_Kentucky" class="mw-redirect" title="Theater in Kentucky">Theater in Kentucky</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_attractions_and_events_in_the_Louisville_metropolitan_area" title="List of attractions and events in the Louisville metropolitan area">List of attractions and events in the Louisville metropolitan area</a></div> <a href="/wiki/The_Kentucky_Center" title="The Kentucky Center">The Kentucky Center</a>, dedicated in 1983, located in the downtown hotel and entertainment district, features a variety of plays and concerts. This is also the home of the <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Ballet" title="Louisville Ballet">Louisville Ballet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Orchestra" title="Louisville Orchestra">Louisville Orchestra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Baroque" title="Bourbon Baroque">Bourbon Baroque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Actors_Theatre_of_Louisville" title="Actors Theatre of Louisville">Actors Theatre of Louisville</a>, StageOne Family Theatre, <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Shakespeare_Festival" title="Kentucky Shakespeare Festival">Kentucky Shakespeare Festival</a>, which operates the oldest professional outdoor Shakespeare festival, and the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Opera" title="Kentucky Opera">Kentucky Opera</a>, which is the twelfth oldest <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a> in the United States. <a href="/wiki/Actors_Theatre_of_Louisville" title="Actors Theatre of Louisville">Actors Theatre of Louisville</a> presents approximately six hundred performances of about thirty productions annually. From 1976 to 2021, it hosted the <a href="/wiki/Humana_Festival_of_New_American_Plays" title="Humana Festival of New American Plays">Humana Festival of New American Plays</a>, a month-long festival of plays in the spring; the last festival took place virtually due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>. The event was discontinued after the festival's chief sponsor, the Humana Foundation, refocused its philanthropic endeavors to support health-based initiatives.<a href="#cite_note-145">[139]</a> The Louisville Orchestra was founded in 1937 by conductor <a href="/wiki/Robert_Whitney_(conductor)" title="Robert Whitney (conductor)">Robert Whitney</a>. The orchestra today performs more than 125 concerts per year. The orchestra won the <a href="/wiki/66th_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="66th Annual Grammy Awards">2024 Grammy Award</a> for "Best Classical Instrumental Solo".<a href="#cite_note-146">[140]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Palace_Theatre_(Louisville,_Kentucky)" title="Palace Theatre (Louisville, Kentucky)">Palace Theatre</a> is an ornate theatre in <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Louisville" title="Downtown Louisville">downtown Louisville</a>'s theatre district which shows <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">films</a> and hosts concerts. <a href="/wiki/Iroquois_Park" title="Iroquois Park">Iroquois Park</a> is the home of the renovated Iroquois Amphitheater, which hosts a variety of musical concerts in a partially covered outdoor setting. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louisville_slugger_field_evening_2002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Louisville_slugger_field_evening_2002.jpg/220px-Louisville_slugger_field_evening_2002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Louisville_slugger_field_evening_2002.jpg/330px-Louisville_slugger_field_evening_2002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Louisville_slugger_field_evening_2002.jpg/440px-Louisville_slugger_field_evening_2002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3135" data-file-height="2090" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Louisville_Slugger_Field" title="Louisville Slugger Field">Louisville Slugger Field</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Bats" title="Louisville Bats">Louisville Bats</a> play</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kentucky_Derby_race,_Louisville,_Kentucky.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Kentucky_Derby_race%2C_Louisville%2C_Kentucky.jpg/220px-Kentucky_Derby_race%2C_Louisville%2C_Kentucky.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Kentucky_Derby_race%2C_Louisville%2C_Kentucky.jpg/330px-Kentucky_Derby_race%2C_Louisville%2C_Kentucky.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Kentucky_Derby_race%2C_Louisville%2C_Kentucky.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Derby" title="Kentucky Derby">Kentucky Derby</a> at <a href="/wiki/Churchill_Downs" title="Churchill Downs">Churchill Downs</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louisville_Skatepark-night-2002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Louisville_Skatepark-night-2002.jpg/170px-Louisville_Skatepark-night-2002.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Louisville_Skatepark-night-2002.jpg/255px-Louisville_Skatepark-night-2002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Louisville_Skatepark-night-2002.jpg/340px-Louisville_Skatepark-night-2002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/David_Armstrong_Extreme_Park" title="David Armstrong Extreme Park">David Armstrong Extreme Park</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Sports in Louisville, Kentucky">Sports in Louisville, Kentucky</a></div> <a href="/wiki/College_sports" title="College sports">College sports</a> are popular in the Louisville area. The <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Cardinals" title="Louisville Cardinals">Louisville Cardinals</a> have competed as members of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Conference" title="Atlantic Coast Conference">Atlantic Coast Conference</a> (ACC), since joining that league in July 2014. <a href="/wiki/College_basketball" title="College basketball">College basketball</a> is particularly popular. The <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Cardinals_men%27s_basketball" title="Louisville Cardinals men's basketball">Louisville Cardinals</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Hall" title="Freedom Hall">Freedom Hall</a> averaged sellouts for 10 straight years and the Downtown <a href="/wiki/KFC_Yum!_Center" title="KFC Yum! Center">KFC Yum! Center</a> following suit with regular sellouts. The Cardinals ranked third nationally in attendance in <a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_Louisville_Cardinals_men%27s_basketball_team" title="2012–13 Louisville Cardinals men's basketball team">2012–13</a>,<a href="#cite_note-147">[141]</a> the most recent of the program's three<a href="#cite_note-vacated-148">[g]</a> national championship seasons (1980, 1986, 2013<a href="#cite_note-vacated-148">[g]</a>). The Cardinals also hold the Big East conference women's basketball paid attendance record with nearly 17,000 attending the game against the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Wildcats_women%27s_basketball" title="Kentucky Wildcats women's basketball">Kentucky Wildcats</a> in 2008. The Louisville market has ranked first in ratings for the NCAA men's basketball tournament every year since 1999.<a href="#cite_note-149">[142]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Wildcats_men%27s_basketball" title="Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball">Kentucky Wildcats</a> used to play an annual game in Freedom Hall. The <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Cardinals_football" title="Louisville Cardinals football">Louisville Cardinals football</a> team has produced successful NFL players such as <a href="/wiki/Lamar_Jackson" title="Lamar Jackson">Lamar Jackson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Unitas" title="Johnny Unitas">Johnny Unitas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deion_Branch" title="Deion Branch">Deion Branch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sam_Madison" title="Sam Madison">Sam Madison</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Akers" title="David Akers">David Akers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Jacoby" title="Joe Jacoby">Joe Jacoby</a>, <a href="/wiki/DeVante_Parker" title="DeVante Parker">DeVante Parker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ray_Buchanan" title="Ray Buchanan">Ray Buchanan</a>. The Cardinals won the <a href="/wiki/1991_Fiesta_Bowl" title="1991 Fiesta Bowl">1991 Fiesta Bowl</a>, the <a href="/wiki/2007_Orange_Bowl" title="2007 Orange Bowl">2007 Orange Bowl</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/2013_Sugar_Bowl" title="2013 Sugar Bowl">2013 Sugar Bowl</a>. In 2016, sophomore quarterback <a href="/wiki/Lamar_Jackson" title="Lamar Jackson">Lamar Jackson</a> took the football team to new heights. Lamar was the school's first <a href="/wiki/Heisman_Trophy" title="Heisman Trophy">Heisman Trophy</a> winner, which is awarded to the most outstanding college football player nationwide during that season. He was also one of the youngest players to ever receive the award. The team also matched their highest ranking in school history at No. 3. The University of Louisville <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a> team advanced to the <a href="/wiki/College_World_Series" title="College World Series">College World Series</a> in Omaha in <a href="/wiki/2007_College_World_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 College World Series">2007</a>, <a href="/wiki/2013_College_World_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="2013 College World Series">2013</a>, <a href="/wiki/2014_College_World_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 College World Series">2014</a>, <a href="/wiki/2017_College_World_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 College World Series">2017</a> and <a href="/wiki/2019_College_World_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 College World Series">2019</a> as one of the final eight teams to compete for the national championship. Horse racing is also a major attraction. <a href="/wiki/Churchill_Downs" title="Churchill Downs">Churchill Downs</a> is home to the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Derby" title="Kentucky Derby">Kentucky Derby</a>, the largest <a href="/wiki/Sporting_event" class="mw-redirect" title="Sporting event">sporting event</a> in the state, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Oaks" title="Kentucky Oaks">Kentucky Oaks</a> which together cap the two-week-long <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Derby_Festival" title="Kentucky Derby Festival">Kentucky Derby Festival</a>. Churchill Downs has also hosted the renowned <a href="/wiki/Breeders%27_Cup" title="Breeders' Cup">Breeders' Cup</a> on eight occasions, most recently in 2011. Louisville is also the home of <a href="/wiki/Valhalla_Golf_Club" title="Valhalla Golf Club">Valhalla Golf Club</a> which hosted the <a href="/wiki/1996_PGA_Championship" title="1996 PGA Championship">1996</a>, <a href="/wiki/2000_PGA_Championship" title="2000 PGA Championship">2000</a>, <a href="/wiki/2014_PGA_Championship" title="2014 PGA Championship">2014</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2024_PGA_Championship" title="2024 PGA Championship">2024</a> <a href="/wiki/PGA_Championship" title="PGA Championship">PGA Championships</a>, the 2004 <a href="/wiki/Senior_PGA_Championship" title="Senior PGA Championship">Senior PGA Championship</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2008_Ryder_Cup" title="2008 Ryder Cup">2008 Ryder Cup</a>. It is also home to <a href="/wiki/David_Armstrong_Extreme_Park" title="David Armstrong Extreme Park">David Armstrong Extreme Park</a> (formerly Louisville Extreme Park), which skateboarder <a href="/wiki/Tony_Hawk" title="Tony Hawk">Tony Hawk</a> has called one of his top five skate parks.<a href="#cite_note-150">[143]</a> Louisville has seven professional and <a href="/wiki/Semi-professional" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-professional">semi-professional</a> sports teams, The <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Bats" title="Louisville Bats">Louisville Bats</a> are a <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a> team playing in the <a href="/wiki/International_League" title="International League">International League</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Triple-A_(baseball)" title="Triple-A (baseball)">Triple-A</a> affiliate of the nearby <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Reds" title="Cincinnati Reds">Cincinnati Reds</a>. The team plays at <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Slugger_Field" title="Louisville Slugger Field">Louisville Slugger Field</a> in downtown. <a href="/wiki/Louisville_City_FC" title="Louisville City FC">Louisville City FC</a>, a professional soccer team in the second-division <a href="/wiki/USL_Championship" title="USL Championship">USL Championship</a>, began play in 2015 at Slugger Field and has since moved into their own <a href="/wiki/Soccer-specific_stadium" title="Soccer-specific stadium">soccer-specific stadium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Family_Stadium" title="Lynn Family Stadium">Lynn Family Stadium</a>, in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-151">[144]</a> The team was originally the reserve side for <a href="/wiki/Orlando_City_SC" title="Orlando City SC">Orlando City SC</a> of <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">Major League Soccer</a>, but the two organizations were separated in 2016. <a href="/wiki/Racing_Louisville_FC" title="Racing Louisville FC">Racing Louisville FC</a>, an expansion team in the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Soccer_League" title="National Women's Soccer League">National Women's Soccer League</a> began play in 2021 at Lynn Family Stadium.<a href="#cite_note-152">[145]</a> Louisville had two professional American football teams in the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Breckenridges" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisville Breckenridges">Louisville Breckenridges</a> (or Brecks for short) from 1921 to 1924 and the <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Colonels_(NFL)" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisville Colonels (NFL)">Louisville Colonels</a> in 1926.<a href="#cite_note-153">[146]</a> Between 1967 and 1976, Louisville was home to the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Colonels" title="Kentucky Colonels">Kentucky Colonels</a> of the <a href="/wiki/American_Basketball_Association" title="American Basketball Association">American Basketball Association</a>. The Colonels was one of the ABA's most successful teams during its existence, winning four division titles and the 1975 ABA Championship, but was not invited to join the <a href="/wiki/NBA" class="mw-redirect" title="NBA">NBA</a> when the two leagues <a href="/wiki/NBA-ABA_merger" class="mw-redirect" title="NBA-ABA merger">merged</a> in 1976, and subsequently folded. Louisville has the added distinction of being the only city in the world that is the birthplace of four heavyweight boxing champions: <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Hart" title="Marvin Hart">Marvin Hart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali" title="Muhammad Ali">Muhammad Ali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Ellis_(boxer)" title="Jimmy Ellis (boxer)">Jimmy Ellis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greg_Page_(boxer)" title="Greg Page (boxer)">Greg Page</a>.<a href="#cite_note-154">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Professional_teams">Professional teams</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Professional teams">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Louisville,_Kentucky#Historical_teams" title="Sports in Louisville, Kentucky">Historical professional sports teams in Louisville</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Club</th> <th>Sport</th> <th>Began Play</th> <th>League</th> <th>Venue </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Louisville_Bats" title="Louisville Bats">Louisville Bats</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a> </td> <td align="center">2002 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_League" title="International League">International League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louisville_Slugger_Field" title="Louisville Slugger Field">Louisville Slugger Field</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Derby_City_Dynamite" title="Derby City Dynamite">Derby City Dynamite</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_American_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's American football">Women's football</a> </td> <td align="center">2013 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Football_Alliance" title="Women's Football Alliance">Women's Football Alliance</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Hardin_High_School" title="John Hardin High School">John Hardin High School</a> (<a href="/wiki/Radcliff,_Kentucky" title="Radcliff, Kentucky">Radcliff</a>)<a href="#cite_note-155">[148]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Louisville_City_FC" title="Louisville City FC">Louisville City FC</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Men's soccer</a> </td> <td align="center">2015 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Soccer_League" title="United Soccer League">United Soccer League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Family_Stadium" title="Lynn Family Stadium">Lynn Family Stadium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Racing_Louisville_FC" title="Racing Louisville FC">Racing Louisville FC</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_soccer" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's soccer">Women's soccer</a> </td> <td align="center">2021 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Soccer_League" title="National Women's Soccer League">National Women's Soccer League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Family_Stadium" title="Lynn Family Stadium">Lynn Family Stadium</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parks_and_recreation">Parks and recreation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Parks and recreation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_in_the_Louisville_metropolitan_area" title="List of parks in the Louisville metropolitan area">List of parks in the Louisville metropolitan area</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_attractions_and_events_in_the_Louisville_metropolitan_area" title="List of attractions and events in the Louisville metropolitan area">List of attractions and events in the Louisville metropolitan area</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WaterfrontPkDwnt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/WaterfrontPkDwnt.jpg/220px-WaterfrontPkDwnt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/WaterfrontPkDwnt.jpg/330px-WaterfrontPkDwnt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/WaterfrontPkDwnt.jpg/440px-WaterfrontPkDwnt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Louisville_Waterfront_Park" title="Louisville Waterfront Park">Louisville Waterfront Park</a> exhibits rolling hills, spacious lawns and walking paths in the <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Louisville" title="Downtown Louisville">downtown</a> area.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MetroLoopLBT.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/MetroLoopLBT.jpg/220px-MetroLoopLBT.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/MetroLoopLBT.jpg/330px-MetroLoopLBT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/MetroLoopLBT.jpg/440px-MetroLoopLBT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Louisville_Loop" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisville Loop">Louisville Loop</a> bike and pedestrian trail</figcaption></figure> Louisville Metro has 122 city <a href="/wiki/Park" title="Park">parks</a> covering more than 13,000 acres (53 km2). Several of these parks were designed by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Law_Olmsted" title="Frederick Law Olmsted">Frederick Law Olmsted</a>, who also designed New York City's <a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a> as well as parks, parkways, college campuses and public facilities in many U.S. locations. The <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Waterfront_Park" title="Louisville Waterfront Park">Louisville Waterfront Park</a> is prominently located on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio River</a> near downtown and features large open areas, which often hold free <a href="/wiki/Concert" title="Concert">concerts</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Festival" title="Festival">festivals</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Big_Four_Bridge" title="Big Four Bridge">Big Four Bridge</a>, a former railroad bridge spanning 547 feet (167 m) but is now a pedestrian bridge connecting Waterfront Park with Jeffersonville, Indiana's waterfront park, fully opened in May 2014 with the completion of Jeffersonville's ramp.<a href="#cite_note-156">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[150]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Park" title="Cherokee Park">Cherokee Park</a>, one of the most visited parks in the nation,<a href="#cite_note-158">[151]</a> features a 2.6-mile (4.2 km) mixed-use loop and many well-known landscaping and architectural features including the <a href="/wiki/Hogan%27s_Fountain_Pavilion" title="Hogan's Fountain Pavilion">Hogan's Fountain Pavilion</a>. Other notable parks in the system include <a href="/wiki/Iroquois_Park" title="Iroquois Park">Iroquois Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shawnee_Park" title="Shawnee Park">Shawnee Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seneca_Park_(Louisville,_Kentucky)" title="Seneca Park (Louisville, Kentucky)">Seneca Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Park,_Louisville" title="Central Park, Louisville">Central Park</a>. Further from the downtown area is the <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Memorial_Forest" title="Jefferson Memorial Forest">Jefferson Memorial Forest</a>, which at 6,676 acres (27.02 km2) is one of the largest municipal <a href="/wiki/Urban_forest" title="Urban forest">urban forests</a> in the US.<a href="#cite_note-159">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[153]</a> The forest is designated as a <a href="/wiki/National_Audubon_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="National Audubon Society">National Audubon Society</a> <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_refuge" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildlife refuge">wildlife refuge</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[154]</a> and offers nearly 60 miles (97 km) of hiking and equestrian trails.<a href="#cite_note-162">[155]</a> <a href="/wiki/Otter_Creek_Outdoor_Recreation_Area" title="Otter Creek Outdoor Recreation Area">Otter Creek Outdoor Recreation Area</a>, owned and operated by the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Department_of_Fish_and_Wildlife_Resources" title="Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources">Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources</a>, is another large park in nearby <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg,_Kentucky" title="Brandenburg, Kentucky">Brandenburg, Kentucky</a>. The park's namesake, Otter Creek, winds along the eastern side of the park. A scenic bend in the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio River</a>, which divides Kentucky from <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>, can be seen from northern overlooks within the park. Other outdoor points of interest in the Louisville area include <a href="/wiki/Cave_Hill_Cemetery" title="Cave Hill Cemetery">Cave Hill Cemetery</a> (the burial location of <a href="/wiki/Col._Harland_Sanders" class="mw-redirect" title="Col. Harland Sanders">Col. Harland Sanders</a>), <a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor_National_Cemetery" title="Zachary Taylor National Cemetery">Zachary Taylor National Cemetery</a> (the burial location of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor">Zachary Taylor</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Zoo" title="Louisville Zoo">Louisville Zoo</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Falls_of_the_Ohio_National_Wildlife_Conservation_Area" title="Falls of the Ohio National Wildlife Conservation Area">Falls of the Ohio National Wildlife Conservation Area</a>. In development is the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Parks" title="City of Parks">City of Parks</a>, a project to create a 110-mile (180 km) continuous paved pedestrian and biking trail called the <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Loop" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisville Loop">Louisville Loop</a> around Louisville Metro while also adding a large amount of park land. Current plans call for making approximately 4,000 acres (16 km2) of the <a href="/wiki/Floyds_Fork" title="Floyds Fork">Floyds Fork</a> flood plain in eastern <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Kentucky" title="Jefferson County, Kentucky">Jefferson County</a> into a new park system called <a href="/wiki/The_Parklands_of_Floyds_Fork" class="mw-redirect" title="The Parklands of Floyds Fork">The Parklands of Floyds Fork</a>, expanding area in the Jefferson Memorial Forest, and adding riverfront land and wharfs along the Riverwalk and the Levee Trail, both completed segments of the Louisville Loop. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Government">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louisville_City_Hall,_HABS_KY-143-9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Louisville_City_Hall%2C_HABS_KY-143-9.jpg/170px-Louisville_City_Hall%2C_HABS_KY-143-9.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Louisville_City_Hall%2C_HABS_KY-143-9.jpg/255px-Louisville_City_Hall%2C_HABS_KY-143-9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Louisville_City_Hall%2C_HABS_KY-143-9.jpg/340px-Louisville_City_Hall%2C_HABS_KY-143-9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3089" data-file-height="4380" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Louisville_City_Hall" title="Louisville City Hall">Louisville City Hall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Louisville" title="Downtown Louisville">downtown</a>, built 1870–1873, is a blend of <a href="/wiki/Italianate" class="mw-redirect" title="Italianate">Italianate</a> styles characteristic of <a href="/wiki/Neo-Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Renaissance">Neo-Renaissance</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Government of Louisville, Kentucky">Government of Louisville, Kentucky</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="List of mayors of Louisville, Kentucky">List of mayors of Louisville, Kentucky</a>; <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Metro_Council" title="Louisville Metro Council">Louisville Metro Council</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Kentucky" title="Government of Kentucky">Government of Kentucky</a></div> Until 2015, Louisville was one of two cities in Kentucky designated by the state as <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Kentucky#Classes" title="List of cities in Kentucky">first-class</a> (along with <a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Kentucky" title="Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington</a>, the state's second-largest).<a href="#cite_note-164">[h]</a> Since January 6, 2003, Louisville has <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_city-county" title="Consolidated city-county">merged its government</a> with that of Jefferson County, forming <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coterminous" class="extiw" title="wikt:coterminous">coterminous</a> borders.<a href="#cite_note-Louisville_Metro_Consolidation-19">[16]</a> Louisville was the second and only other city in the state to merge with its county. (<a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Kentucky" title="Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington</a> had merged with <a href="/wiki/Fayette_County,_Kentucky" title="Fayette County, Kentucky">Fayette County</a> in 1974.) Louisville Metro is governed by an executive called the <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="List of mayors of Louisville, Kentucky">Metro Mayor</a> and a <a href="/wiki/City_legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="City legislature">city legislature</a> called the <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Metro_Council" title="Louisville Metro Council">Metro Council</a>. The third and current Metro Mayor is <a href="/wiki/Craig_Greenberg" title="Craig Greenberg">Craig Greenberg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>), who entered office on January 3, 2023.<a href="#cite_note-165">[157]</a> Before merger, under the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Kentucky Constitution">Kentucky Constitution</a> and statutory law Louisville was designated as a <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Kentucky#Classes" title="List of cities in Kentucky">first-class</a> city in regard to local laws affecting public safety, alcohol beverage control, revenue options, and various other matters; as of 2014, it is the only such designated city in the state.<a href="#cite_note-166">[158]</a> The Official Seal of the City of Louisville, no longer used following the merger, reflected its history and heritage in the <a href="/wiki/Fleur-de-lis" title="Fleur-de-lis">fleur-de-lis</a> representing French aid given during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">Revolutionary War</a> and the thirteen stars signifying the original colonies. The new <a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Louisville_Metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of Louisville Metro">Seal of Louisville Metro</a> retains the fleur-de-lis, but has only two stars, one representing the city and the other the county. <a href="/wiki/Kentucky%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Kentucky's 3rd congressional district">Kentucky's 3rd congressional district</a> encompasses most of Louisville Metro, and is represented by <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">Rep.</a> <a href="/wiki/Morgan_McGarvey" title="Morgan McGarvey">Morgan McGarvey</a> (D). Far eastern portions of the county are part of the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Kentucky's 2nd congressional district">2nd congressional district</a>, which is represented by <a href="/wiki/Brett_Guthrie" title="Brett Guthrie">Brett Guthrie</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>).<a href="#cite_note-167">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="List of schools in Louisville, Kentucky">List of schools in Louisville, Kentucky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Free_Public_Library" title="Louisville Free Public Library">Louisville Free Public Library</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grawhallul.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Grawhallul.jpg/220px-Grawhallul.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Grawhallul.jpg/330px-Grawhallul.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Grawhallul.jpg/440px-Grawhallul.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Grawemeyer_Hall" title="Grawemeyer Hall">Grawemeyer Hall</a>, modeled after the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Pantheon" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Pantheon">Roman Pantheon</a>, is the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Louisville" title="University of Louisville">University of Louisville</a>'s main administrative building.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Picture_154ULMedPlaza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Picture_154ULMedPlaza.jpg/220px-Picture_154ULMedPlaza.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Picture_154ULMedPlaza.jpg/330px-Picture_154ULMedPlaza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Picture_154ULMedPlaza.jpg/440px-Picture_154ULMedPlaza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Medical Office Plaza on the University of Louisville's downtown Health Sciences Campus</figcaption></figure> Louisville is home to several institutions of higher learning. There are six four-year universities, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Louisville" title="University of Louisville">University of Louisville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bellarmine_University" title="Bellarmine University">Bellarmine University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boyce_College" title="Boyce College">Boyce College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spalding_University" title="Spalding University">Spalding University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sullivan_University" title="Sullivan University">Sullivan University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Simmons_College_of_Kentucky" title="Simmons College of Kentucky">Simmons College of Kentucky</a>; <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Bible_College" title="Louisville Bible College">Louisville Bible College</a>; a two-year community college, <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Community_and_Technical_College" title="Jefferson Community and Technical College">Jefferson Community and Technical College</a>; and several other business or technical schools such as <a href="/wiki/Spencerian_College" title="Spencerian College">Spencerian College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strayer_University" title="Strayer University">Strayer University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sullivan_College_of_Technology_and_Design" title="Sullivan College of Technology and Design">Sullivan College of Technology and Design</a>. <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Southeast" title="Indiana University Southeast">Indiana University Southeast</a> is located across the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio River</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Albany,_Indiana" title="New Albany, Indiana">New Albany, Indiana</a>. The University of Louisville has had notable achievements including several hand transplants<a href="#cite_note-hand_transplant-169">[161]</a> and the world's first self-contained <a href="/wiki/Artificial_heart" title="Artificial heart">artificial heart</a> transplant.<a href="#cite_note-heart_transplant-170">[162]</a> Two major graduate-professional schools of religion are also located in Louisville. The <a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Theological_Seminary" title="Southern Baptist Theological Seminary">Southern Baptist Theological Seminary</a>, with more than 5,300 students, is the flagship institution of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Convention" title="Southern Baptist Convention">Southern Baptist Convention</a>. It was founded in Greenville, South Carolina, in 1859 and moved to Louisville in 1877, occupying its present campus on Lexington Road in 1926. <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Presbyterian_Theological_Seminary" title="Louisville Presbyterian Theological Seminary">Louisville Presbyterian Theological Seminary</a>, product of a 1901 merger of two predecessor schools founded at <a href="/wiki/Danville,_Kentucky" title="Danville, Kentucky">Danville, Kentucky</a> in 1853 and in Louisville in 1893, occupied its present campus on Alta Vista Road in 1963. According to the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Census" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Census">U.S. Census</a>, of Louisville's population over 25, 21.3% (the national average is 24%) hold a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degree</a> or higher and 76.1% (80% nationally) have a <a href="/wiki/High_school_diploma" title="High school diploma">high school diploma</a> or equivalent. The public school system, <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County_Public_Schools_(Kentucky)" title="Jefferson County Public Schools (Kentucky)">Jefferson County Public Schools</a>, consists of more than 100,000 students in 173 schools.<a href="#cite_note-171">[163]</a> Dupont Manual High School ranks 30th in the nation overall for best high schools, and 13th in best magnet high schools.<a href="#cite_note-172">[164]</a> Due to Louisville's large <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States" title="Catholic Church in the United States">Catholic</a> population, there are 27 <a href="/wiki/Catholic_schools_in_the_United_States" title="Catholic schools in the United States">Catholic schools</a> in the city. The <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_School_for_the_Blind" title="Kentucky School for the Blind">Kentucky School for the Blind</a>, for all of Kentucky's blind and <a href="/wiki/Visually_impaired" class="mw-redirect" title="Visually impaired">visually impaired</a> students, is located on Frankfort Avenue in the <a href="/wiki/Clifton,_Louisville" title="Clifton, Louisville">Clifton</a> neighborhood. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Media_in_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Media in Louisville, Kentucky">Media in Louisville, Kentucky</a></div> Louisville's <a href="/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper">newspaper</a> of record is <a href="/wiki/The_Courier-Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="The Courier-Journal">The Courier Journal</a>. The alternative paper is the progressive <a href="/wiki/Alt-weekly" class="mw-redirect" title="Alt-weekly">alt-weekly</a> <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Eccentric_Observer" title="Louisville Eccentric Observer">Louisville Eccentric Observer</a> (commonly called 'LEO'), which was founded by <a href="/wiki/Kentucky%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Kentucky's 3rd congressional district">3rd district</a> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Representative" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Representative">U.S. Representative</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Yarmuth" title="John Yarmuth">John Yarmuth</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>). <a href="/wiki/WAVE_3" class="mw-redirect" title="WAVE 3">WAVE 3</a>, an <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> <a href="/wiki/Network_affiliate" title="Network affiliate">affiliate</a>, was Kentucky's first TV station. Another prominent TV station is <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> affiliate <a href="/wiki/WHAS_11" class="mw-redirect" title="WHAS 11">WHAS 11</a>, formerly owned by the <a href="/wiki/Category:Bingham_family" title="Category:Bingham family">Bingham family</a> (who also owned <a href="/wiki/The_Courier-Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="The Courier-Journal">The Courier Journal</a>), which hosts the regionally notable annual fundraiser, the <a href="/wiki/WHAS_Crusade_for_Children" title="WHAS Crusade for Children">WHAS Crusade for Children</a>. Other television stations in the city include <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> affiliate <a href="/wiki/WLKY" title="WLKY">WLKY 32</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a> affiliate <a href="/wiki/WDRB" title="WDRB">WDRB 41</a> (along with its dual <a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">The CW</a>/<a href="/wiki/MyNetworkTV" title="MyNetworkTV">MyNetworkTV</a> affiliated sister station <a href="/wiki/WBKI_(TV)" title="WBKI (TV)">WBKI 58</a>). The most popular <a href="/wiki/Radio_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio station">radio stations</a> are <a href="/wiki/WGZB-FM" title="WGZB-FM">WGZB-FM</a> and <a href="/wiki/84_WHAS" class="mw-redirect" title="84 WHAS">84 WHAS</a> 840 AM.<a href="#cite_note-173">[165]</a> The latter was designated by the FCC as a <a href="/wiki/Clear-channel_station" title="Clear-channel station">clear-channel station</a>, and was formerly owned by the Binghams (now <a href="/wiki/IHeartMedia" title="IHeartMedia">iHeartMedia</a>), and is a <a href="/wiki/Talk_radio" title="Talk radio">talk radio</a> station that also broadcasts regional sports. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Infrastructure">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Transportation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Transportation in Louisville, Kentucky">Transportation in Louisville, Kentucky</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Louisville,_Kentucky" class="mw-redirect" title="Roads in Louisville, Kentucky">Roads in Louisville, Kentucky</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2020_4BandImagery_Indiana_J874808.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/2020_4BandImagery_Indiana_J874808.jpg/220px-2020_4BandImagery_Indiana_J874808.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/2020_4BandImagery_Indiana_J874808.jpg/330px-2020_4BandImagery_Indiana_J874808.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/2020_4BandImagery_Indiana_J874808.jpg/440px-2020_4BandImagery_Indiana_J874808.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3199" data-file-height="1537" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Interchange" title="Kennedy Interchange">Kennedy Interchange</a> ("Spaghetti Junction"), after completion of the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River_Bridges_Project" title="Ohio River Bridges Project">Ohio River Bridges Project</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ksdf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Ksdf.jpg/170px-Ksdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Ksdf.jpg/255px-Ksdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Ksdf.jpg/340px-Ksdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="454" data-file-height="541" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Louisville_Muhammad_Ali_International_Airport" title="Louisville Muhammad Ali International Airport">Louisville Muhammad Ali International Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louisville_4thStreet_trolley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Louisville_4thStreet_trolley.jpg/220px-Louisville_4thStreet_trolley.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Louisville_4thStreet_trolley.jpg/330px-Louisville_4thStreet_trolley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Louisville_4thStreet_trolley.jpg/440px-Louisville_4thStreet_trolley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption>Toonerville II Trolleys provided transportation in <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Louisville" title="Downtown Louisville">downtown Louisville</a> until late 2014, before being replaced by LouLift.</figcaption></figure> Louisville has inner and outer <a href="/wiki/Interstate" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate">interstate</a> beltways, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_264_(Kentucky)" title="Interstate 264 (Kentucky)">I‑264</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_265" title="Interstate 265">I‑265</a> respectively. Interstates <a href="/wiki/Interstate_64_in_Kentucky" title="Interstate 64 in Kentucky">I‑64</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_65_in_Kentucky" title="Interstate 65 in Kentucky">I‑65</a> pass through Louisville, and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_71#Kentucky" title="Interstate 71">I-71</a> has its southern terminus in Louisville. Since all three of these highways intersect at virtually the same location on the east side of <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Louisville" title="Downtown Louisville">downtown</a>, this spot has become known as "<a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Interchange" title="Kennedy Interchange">Spaghetti Junction</a>". Three bridges carry I‑64 and I‑65 over the Ohio River, and a <a href="/wiki/George_Rogers_Clark_Memorial_Bridge" title="George Rogers Clark Memorial Bridge">fourth automobile bridge</a> carries non-interstate traffic, including bicyclists and pedestrians. Immediately east of downtown is the <a href="/wiki/Big_Four_Bridge" title="Big Four Bridge">Big Four Bridge</a>, a former railroad bridge that has been renovated into as a pedestrian bridge. The <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River_Bridges_Project" title="Ohio River Bridges Project">Ohio River Bridges Project</a>, a plan under consideration for decades to construct two new interstate bridges over the Ohio River to connect Louisville to Indiana, including a reconfiguration of Spaghetti Junction, began construction in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-174">[166]</a> One bridge, the <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_Bridge" title="Abraham Lincoln Bridge">Abraham Lincoln Bridge</a>, is located downtown beside the existing <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Memorial_Bridge" title="John F. Kennedy Memorial Bridge">Kennedy Bridge</a> for relief of I‑65 traffic. The other, named the <a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark_Bridge_(Ohio_River)" title="Lewis and Clark Bridge (Ohio River)">Lewis and Clark Bridge</a>, connects I‑265 between the portions located in southeast <a href="/wiki/Clark_County,_Indiana" title="Clark County, Indiana">Clark County, Indiana</a> and northeast <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Kentucky" title="Jefferson County, Kentucky">Jefferson County, Kentucky</a> (Louisville Metro).<a href="#cite_note-175">[167]</a> Both bridges and corresponding construction were finished in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-176">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[169]</a> Louisville's main airport is the centrally located <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Muhammad_Ali_International_Airport" title="Louisville Muhammad Ali International Airport">Louisville Muhammad Ali International Airport</a>, whose <a href="/wiki/IATA_Airport_code" class="mw-redirect" title="IATA Airport code">IATA Airport code</a> (SDF) reflects its former name of Standiford Field. The airport is also home to <a href="/wiki/United_Parcel_Service" title="United Parcel Service">UPS</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Worldport_(UPS_air_hub)" class="mw-redirect" title="Worldport (UPS air hub)">Worldport</a> global air hub. UPS operates its largest package-handling hub at Louisville International Airport and bases its <a href="/wiki/UPS_Airlines" title="UPS Airlines">UPS Airlines</a> division there. Over 4.2 million passengers and over 4.7 billion pounds (2,350,000 t) of cargo pass through the airport each year.<a href="#cite_note-178">[170]</a> It is also the second busiest airport in the United States in terms of cargo traffic, and fourth busiest for such in the world.<a href="#cite_note-179">[171]</a> Only about 35 minutes from <a href="/wiki/Fort_Knox" title="Fort Knox">Fort Knox</a>, the airport is also a major hub for armed services personnel. The historic but smaller <a href="/wiki/Bowman_Field_(Kentucky)" title="Bowman Field (Kentucky)">Bowman Field</a> is used mainly for <a href="/wiki/General_aviation" title="General aviation">general aviation</a> while nearby <a href="/wiki/Clark_Regional_Airport" title="Clark Regional Airport">Clark Regional Airport</a> is used mostly by private jets. The <a href="/wiki/McAlpine_Locks_and_Dam" title="McAlpine Locks and Dam">McAlpine Locks and Dam</a> is located on the Kentucky side of the Ohio River, near the downtown area. The locks were constructed to allow shipping past the <a href="/wiki/Falls_of_the_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Falls of the Ohio">Falls of the Ohio</a>. <a href="/wiki/Public_transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="Public transportation">Public transportation</a> consists mainly of buses run by the <a href="/wiki/Transit_Authority_of_River_City" title="Transit Authority of River City">Transit Authority of River City</a> (TARC). The city buses serve all parts of downtown Louisville and <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Kentucky" title="Jefferson County, Kentucky">Jefferson County</a>, as well as Kentucky suburbs in <a href="/wiki/Oldham_County,_Kentucky" title="Oldham County, Kentucky">Oldham County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bullitt_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Bullitt County">Bullitt County</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a> suburbs of Jeffersonville, <a href="/wiki/Clarksville,_Indiana" title="Clarksville, Indiana">Clarksville</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Albany,_Indiana" title="New Albany, Indiana">New Albany</a>. In addition to regular city buses, transit throughout the downtown hotel and shopping districts is served by a fleet of <a href="/wiki/Zero-emissions_vehicle" title="Zero-emissions vehicle">zero-emissions buses</a> called LouLift. In late 2014, these vehicles replaced the series of motorized trolleys known as the Toonerville II Trolley.<a href="#cite_note-180">[172]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">light rail</a> system has been studied and proposed for the city, but no plan was in development as of 2007.<a href="#cite_note-181">[173]</a> Louisville has historically been a major center for <a href="/wiki/Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway">railway</a> traffic. The <a href="/wiki/Louisville_and_Nashville_Railroad" title="Louisville and Nashville Railroad">Louisville and Nashville Railroad</a> was once headquartered here, before it was purchased by <a href="/wiki/CSX_Transportation" title="CSX Transportation">CSX Transportation</a>. Today the city is served by two major freight railroads, CSX (with a major <a href="/wiki/Classification_yard" title="Classification yard">classification yard</a> in the southern part of the metro area) and <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Southern" class="mw-redirect" title="Norfolk Southern">Norfolk Southern</a>. Five major main lines connect Louisville to the rest of the region. Two regional railroads, the <a href="/wiki/Paducah_and_Louisville_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Paducah and Louisville Railway">Paducah and Louisville Railway</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Louisville_and_Indiana_Railroad" title="Louisville and Indiana Railroad">Louisville and Indiana Railroad</a>, also serve the city. With the discontinuance of the stop in Louisville in 2003 for a more northerly route between <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a> and Chicago, the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Cardinal" title="Kentucky Cardinal">Kentucky Cardinal</a> no longer serves the city; it is thus the fifth largest city in the country with no passenger rail service.<a href="#cite_note-182">[174]</a> In 2016 <a href="/wiki/Walk_Score" title="Walk Score">Walk Score</a> ranked Louisville 43rd "most walkable" of 141 U.S. cities with a population greater than 200,000.<a href="#cite_note-183">[175]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Utilities">Utilities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Utilities">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louisville_water_tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Louisville_water_tower.jpg/170px-Louisville_water_tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Louisville_water_tower.jpg/255px-Louisville_water_tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Louisville_water_tower.jpg/340px-Louisville_water_tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="949" data-file-height="1380" /></a><figcaption>Completed in 1860, the <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Water_Tower" title="Louisville Water Tower">Louisville Water Tower</a> is the oldest water tower in the U.S.</figcaption></figure> Electricity is provided to the Louisville Metro area by <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Gas_%26_Electric" title="Louisville Gas & Electric">Louisville Gas & Electric</a>. Water is provided by the <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Water_Company" title="Louisville Water Company">Louisville Water Company</a>, which provides water to more than 800,000 residents in Louisville as well as parts of <a href="/wiki/Oldham_County,_Kentucky" title="Oldham County, Kentucky">Oldham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bullitt_County,_Kentucky" title="Bullitt County, Kentucky">Bullitt</a> counties. Additionally, they provide wholesale water to the outlying counties of <a href="/wiki/Shelby_County,_Kentucky" title="Shelby County, Kentucky">Shelby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spencer_County,_Kentucky" title="Spencer County, Kentucky">Spencer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nelson_County,_Kentucky" title="Nelson County, Kentucky">Nelson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-184">[176]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio River</a> provides for most of the city's source of <a href="/wiki/Drinking_water" title="Drinking water">drinking water</a>. Water is drawn from the river at two points: the <a href="/wiki/Raw_water" title="Raw water">raw water</a> <a href="/wiki/Pump_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Pump station">pump station</a> at Zorn Avenue and River Road, and the B.E. Payne Pump Station northeast of <a href="/wiki/Harrods_Creek" class="mw-redirect" title="Harrods Creek">Harrods Creek</a>. Water is also obtained from a riverbank infiltration well at the Payne Plant. There are also two <a href="/wiki/Water_purification" title="Water purification">water treatment plants</a> serving the Louisville Metro area: The Crescent Hill Treatment Plant and the B.E. Payne Treatment Plant. In June 2008, the Louisville Water Company received the "Best of the Best" award from the American Water Works Association, citing it as the best-tasting drinking water in the country.<a href="#cite_note-185">[177]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_safety">Public safety</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Public safety">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LouMetPolice.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/LouMetPolice.jpg/220px-LouMetPolice.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/LouMetPolice.jpg/330px-LouMetPolice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/LouMetPolice.jpg/440px-LouMetPolice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Louisville_Metro_Police_Department" title="Louisville Metro Police Department">Metro Police</a> cruiser</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LMEMS_1255_(8).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/LMEMS_1255_%288%29.JPG/220px-LMEMS_1255_%288%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/LMEMS_1255_%288%29.JPG/330px-LMEMS_1255_%288%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/LMEMS_1255_%288%29.JPG/440px-LMEMS_1255_%288%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Louisville_Metro_EMS" title="Louisville Metro EMS">Louisville Metro EMS</a> ambulance</figcaption></figure> The primary law enforcement agencies are the <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Metro_Police_Department" title="Louisville Metro Police Department">Louisville Metro Police Department</a> (LMPD) and the Jefferson County Sheriff's Office (JCSO). 911 <a href="/wiki/Emergency_medical_services" title="Emergency medical services">emergency medical services</a> are provided by the government as <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Metro_EMS" title="Louisville Metro EMS">Louisville Metro EMS</a>. Fire protection is provided by 16 independent <a href="/wiki/Fire_department" title="Fire department">fire departments</a> working in concert through <a href="/wiki/Mutual_aid_(emergency_services)" title="Mutual aid (emergency services)">mutual aid</a> agreements. The only fire department operated by Metro Government is <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Fire_%26_Rescue" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisville Fire & Rescue">Louisville Fire & Rescue</a>, the successor to the pre-merger Louisville Division of Fire. The city of <a href="/wiki/Shively,_Kentucky" title="Shively, Kentucky">Shively</a> in western <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Kentucky" title="Jefferson County, Kentucky">Jefferson County</a> possesses an independent fire department that uses the same dispatch and radio channels as Louisville Fire and Rescue.<a href="#cite_note-186">[178]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Notable people">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_the_Louisville_metropolitan_area" title="List of people from the Louisville metropolitan area">List of people from the Louisville metropolitan area</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Louisville_people" title="List of University of Louisville people">List of University of Louisville people</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Firsts">Firsts</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Firsts">edit</a>]</div> Important events occurring in the city include the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Exposition" title="Southern Exposition">second-largest American exhibition to date</a> (1883), which had the largest to-date installation of <a href="/wiki/Incandescent_light_bulb" title="Incandescent light bulb">light bulbs</a> by their recent inventor and then-former resident <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Free_Public_Library,_Western_Branch" title="Louisville Free Public Library, Western Branch">first free public library</a> in the US to be staffed by and provide services exclusively for <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a> (1905).<a href="#cite_note-187">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[180]</a> Medical advances include the 1999 first human <a href="/wiki/Hand_transplant" class="mw-redirect" title="Hand transplant">hand transplant</a> in the US<a href="#cite_note-189">[181]</a> and the first self-contained <a href="/wiki/Artificial_heart" title="Artificial heart">artificial heart</a> transplant in 2001.<a href="#cite_note-heart_transplant-170">[162]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Sister cities">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louisville_sistercities.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Louisville_sistercities.jpg/170px-Louisville_sistercities.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Louisville_sistercities.jpg/255px-Louisville_sistercities.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Louisville_sistercities.jpg/340px-Louisville_sistercities.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="489" /></a><figcaption>Distances to Louisville's sister cities on a downtown light post</figcaption></figure> Louisville's <a href="/wiki/Sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Sister cities">sister cities</a> are:<a href="#cite_note-190">[182]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Adapazar%C4%B1" title="Adapazarı">Adapazarı</a>, Turkey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a>, China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a>, France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/La_Plata" title="La Plata">La Plata</a>, Argentina</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador"><img alt="Ecuador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Quito" title="Quito">Quito</a>, Ecuador</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana"><img alt="Ghana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tamale,_Ghana" title="Tamale, Ghana">Tamale</a>, Ghana</li></ul> </div> Louisville was sister cities with <a href="/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia">Perm</a>, Russia. However, this relationship was temporarily suspended by Mayor <a href="/wiki/Greg_Fischer" title="Greg Fischer">Greg Fischer</a> in June 2022 in light of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-191">[183]</a> In addition, Louisville has been recognized as a "friendship city". The two cities have engaged in many cultural exchange programs, particularly in the fields of nursing and law, and cooperated in several private business developments, including the <a href="/wiki/Frazier_History_Museum" title="Frazier History Museum">Frazier History Museum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-192">[184]</a> Although not a sister city, Louisville has friendly and cooperative relations with <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a>, China.<a href="#cite_note-193">[185]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_along_the_Ohio_River" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities and towns along the Ohio River">List of cities and towns along the Ohio River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Louisville" title="USS Louisville">USS Louisville</a>, 4 ships</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-PopRanknote-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PopRanknote_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PopRanknote_7-1">b</a> Louisville's "balance" population is considered in determining rank among cities in the U.S. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> There are varying pronunciations of Louisville: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈluːəvəl/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/7d\/Loouhvull.ogg\/Loouhvull.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Loouhvull.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/Loouhvull.ogg/Loouhvull.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Loouhvull.ogg" title="File:Loouhvull.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">LOO-ə-vəl</a>; <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈluːivɪl/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/43\/Looeevil.ogg\/Looeevil.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Looeevil.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/Looeevil.ogg/Looeevil.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Looeevil.ogg" title="File:Looeevil.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">LOO-ee-vil</a>; and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">locally <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈlʊvəl/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/be\/Luhvull.ogg\/Luhvull.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Luhvull.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/be/Luhvull.ogg/Luhvull.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Luhvull.ogg" title="File:Luhvull.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">LUUV-əl</a>. See <a href="#Pronunciation">§ Pronunciation</a> for details. </li> <li id="cite_note-PopDensNote-14"><a href="#cite_ref-PopDensNote_14-0">^</a> The city population density as of April 1, 2020, census data (residents per unit of land area) </li> <li id="cite_note-MSAnote-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MSAnote_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MSAnote_25-1">b</a> The United States MSA table excludes the <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="San Juan, Puerto Rico metropolitan area">San Juan, Puerto Rico MSA</a> which has a higher population than Louisville. </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> Official records for Louisville were kept at the Weather Bureau Office from August 1872 to June 1945, <a href="/wiki/Bowman_Field_(Kentucky)" title="Bowman Field (Kentucky)">Bowman Field</a> from July 1945 to November 1947, Louisville Int'l from December 1947 to October 1995, the Weather Forecast Office (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Louisville,_Kentucky&params=38.1150_N_85.6450_W_type:landmark_region:US-KY">38°06′54″N 85°38′42″W / 38.1150°N 85.6450°W / 38.1150; -85.6450</a>) from November 1995 to December 2005, and again at Louisville Int'l since January 2006. For more information, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://threadex.rcc-acis.org">Threadex</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-vacated-148">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vacated_148-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vacated_148-1">b</a> NCAA vacated Louisville Cardinals men's basketball's 2013 championship title, their third, due to the <a href="/wiki/2015_University_of_Louisville_basketball_sex_scandal" title="2015 University of Louisville basketball sex scandal">2015 University of Louisville basketball sex scandal</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> Under Kentucky's current classification scheme, which went into effect on January 1, 2015, cities with a mayor–alderman form of government are first-class, with the "home rule class" covering all other forms. This replaced a system in which cities were divided into six classes, nominally by population.<a href="#cite_note-163">[156]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ridetarc.org/">"Transit Authority of River City (TARC)"</a>. ridetarc.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160605220011/http://www.ridetarc.org/">Archived</a> from the original on June 5, 2016. Retrieved June 11, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ridetarc.org&rft.atitle=Transit+Authority+of+River+City+%28TARC%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ridetarc.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150911063630/http://blog.virgin-atlantic.com/t5/Our-Places/The-Gateway-to-the-South-A-Beginner-s-Guide-to-Louisville/ba-p/15505#.Vcjp4fnU51Q">"The Gateway to the South: A Beginner's Guide to Louisville"</a>. The Virgin Atlantic Blog. January 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.virgin-atlantic.com/t5/Our-Places/The-Gateway-to-the-South-A-Beginner-s-Guide-to-Louisville/ba-p/15505#.Vcjp4fnU51Q">the original</a> on September 11, 2015. Retrieved August 10, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Virgin+Atlantic+Blog&rft.atitle=The+Gateway+to+the+South%3A+A+Beginner%27s+Guide+to+Louisville&rft.date=2014-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.virgin-atlantic.com%2Ft5%2FOur-Places%2FThe-Gateway-to-the-South-A-Beginner-s-Guide-to-Louisville%2Fba-p%2F15505%23.Vcjp4fnU51Q&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFK'Meyer2010" class="citation book cs1">K'Meyer, Tracy E. (January 1, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=akGSwilkI7kC">Civil Rights in the Gateway to the South: Louisville, Kentucky, 1945–1980</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Kentucky" title="Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington, Kentucky</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Kentucky" title="University Press of Kentucky">University Press of Kentucky</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0813139203" title="Special:BookSources/978-0813139203"><bdi>978-0813139203</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231106012909/https://books.google.com/books?id=akGSwilkI7kC">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2023. Retrieved August 10, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Civil+Rights+in+the+Gateway+to+the+South%3A+Louisville%2C+Kentucky%2C+1945%E2%80%931980&rft.place=Lexington%2C+Kentucky&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0813139203&rft.aulast=K%27Meyer&rft.aufirst=Tracy+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DakGSwilkI7kC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150929115753/http://digital.library.louisville.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/potter/id/72/rec/6">"Flooded riverfront, Louisville, Kentucky, 1937. :: R. G. Potter Collection"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.library.louisville.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/potter/id/72/rec/6">the original</a> on September 29, 2015. Retrieved August 10, 2015. <q>View of downtown Louisville, Kentucky, with buildings submerged by floodwater. Neon sign on top of building reads: "The Gateway to the South Louisville Gas & Electric Co."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flooded+riverfront%2C+Louisville%2C+Kentucky%2C+1937.+%3A%3A+R.+G.+Potter+Collection&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.louisville.edu%2Fcdm%2Fsingleitem%2Fcollection%2Fpotter%2Fid%2F72%2Frec%2F6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPuckett2016" class="citation news cs1">Puckett, Jeffrey Lee (March 9, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.courier-journal.com/story/entertainment/music/2016/03/09/top-5-shows-louisville/81148470/">"The Who, other must-see shows in the 'Ville"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Courier-Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="The Courier-Journal">The Courier-Journal</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231106012909/https://www.courier-journal.com/story/entertainment/music/2016/03/09/top-5-shows-louisville/81148470/">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2023. Retrieved June 11, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Courier-Journal&rft.atitle=The+Who%2C+other+must-see+shows+in+the+%27Ville&rft.date=2016-03-09&rft.aulast=Puckett&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+Lee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.courier-journal.com%2Fstory%2Fentertainment%2Fmusic%2F2016%2F03%2F09%2Ftop-5-shows-louisville%2F81148470%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForde2003" class="citation news cs1">Forde, Pat (September 10, 2003). "UofL's bogus billboards don't impress experts". <a href="/wiki/The_Courier-Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="The Courier-Journal">The Courier-Journal</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Courier-Journal&rft.atitle=UofL%27s+bogus+billboards+don%27t+impress+experts&rft.date=2003-09-10&rft.aulast=Forde&rft.aufirst=Pat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-sos-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sos_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sos_4-1">b</a> Commonwealth of Kentucky. Office of the Secretary of State. Land Office. "Louisville, Kentucky". Accessed September 19, 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2020-5"><a href="#cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2020_5-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_21.txt">"2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files"</a>. United States Census Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220319080929/https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_21.txt">Archived</a> from the original on March 19, 2022. Retrieved March 18, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+U.S.+Gazetteer+Files&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fdocs%2Fmaps-data%2Fdata%2Fgazetteer%2F2020_Gazetteer%2F2020_gaz_place_21.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-United_States_Census_Bureau-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-United_States_Census_Bureau_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-United_States_Census_Bureau_6-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/tables/2020-2022/cities/totals/SUB-IP-EST2022-POP-21.xlsx">"Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places in Kentucky: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2022"</a>. United States Census Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230520211714/https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/tables/2020-2022/cities/totals/SUB-IP-EST2022-POP-21.xlsx">Archived</a> from the original on May 20, 2023. Retrieved May 26, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Estimates+of+the+Resident+Population+for+Incorporated+Places+in+Kentucky%3A+April+1%2C+2020+to+July+1%2C+2022&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fpopest%2Ftables%2F2020-2022%2Fcities%2Ftotals%2FSUB-IP-EST2022-POP-21.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020Pop-8"><a href="#cite_ref-2020Pop_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html">"2020 Population and Housing State Data"</a>. United States Census Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210824081449/https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 24, 2021. Retrieved August 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+Population+and+Housing+State+Data&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fvisualizations%2Finteractive%2F2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Louisvillian">"Definition of Louisvillian"</a>. Merriam-Webster Dictionary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210123024457/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Louisvillian">Archived</a> from the original on January 23, 2021. Retrieved November 5, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Definition+of+Louisvillian&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FLouisvillian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NGMP31140">"Total Gross Domestic Product for Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN (MSA)"</a>. fred.stlouisfed.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240104081042/https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NGMP31140">Archived</a> from the original on January 4, 2024. Retrieved January 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fred.stlouisfed.org&rft.atitle=Total+Gross+Domestic+Product+for+Louisville%2FJefferson+County%2C+KY-IN+%28MSA%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffred.stlouisfed.org%2Fseries%2FNGMP31140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gnis-11"><a href="#cite_ref-gnis_11-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/2404963">U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Louisville, Kentucky</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-PopEstCities-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PopEstCities_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PopEstCities_13-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190912031647/https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk">"Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places of 50,000 or More, Ranked by July 1, 2016 Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2016—United States—Places of 50,000+ Population"</a>. 2016 Population Estimates. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, Population Division. May 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2016/PEPANNRSIP.US12A">the original</a> on September 12, 2019. 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February 1, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240404210059/https://www.50pros.com/fortune500">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2024. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.louisvilleky.gov/NR/rdonlyres/177354E3-E933-432E-A880-4CE6FDFCFD42/0/MergerSummary.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on June 30, 2014. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amlegal.com/nxt/gateway.dll/Kentucky/loukymetro/louisvillejeffersoncountymetrogovernment?f=templates$fn=default.htm$3.0$vid=amlegal:louisville_ky">the original</a> on July 1, 2014. Retrieved August 19, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Louisville%2FJefferson+County+Metro+Government+Code+of+Ordinances&rft.pub=American+Legal+Publishing+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amlegal.com%2Fnxt%2Fgateway.dll%2FKentucky%2Floukymetro%2Flouisvillejeffersoncountymetrogovernment%3Ff%3Dtemplates%24fn%3Ddefault.htm%243.0%24vid%3Damlegal%3Alouisville_ky&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140820095313/http://www.amlegal.com/nxt/gateway.dll/Kentucky/loukymetro/titleigeneralprovisions/chapter10generalprovisions?f=templates$fn=default.htm$3.0$vid=amlegal:louisville_ky$anc=JD_10.06">"Louisville/Jefferson County Metro Government Code of Ordinances § 10.06 DEFINITIONS"</a>. American Legal Publishing Corporation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amlegal.com/nxt/gateway.dll/Kentucky/loukymetro/titleigeneralprovisions/chapter10generalprovisions?f=templates$fn=default.htm$3.0$vid=amlegal:louisville_ky$anc=JD_10.06">the original</a> on August 20, 2014. 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United States Census Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220319080943/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/jeffersoncountykentucky/POP010220">Archived</a> from the original on March 19, 2022. 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Retrieved August 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=QuickFacts%3A+Louisville+city%2C+Kentucky%3B+Louisville%2FJefferson+County+metro+government+%28balance%29%2C+Kentucky&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2Ffact%2Ftable%2Flouisvillecitykentucky%2Clouisvillejeffersoncountymetrogovernmentbalancekentucky%2FPOP010220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PopEstMSA-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PopEstMSA_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PopEstMSA_24-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-metro-and-micro-statistical-areas.html#v2023">"Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas Population Totals: 2020–2023"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, Population Division. 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Louisville is one of the top cities Americans mispronounce"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Courier-Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="The Courier-Journal">The Courier-Journal</a>. 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Retrieved May 14, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Louisville+Pronunciation&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Louisville&rft.place=Lexington%2C+Kentucky&rft.pages=568-569&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F247857447&rft.isbn=0-8131-2100-0&rft.aulast=Yater&rft.aufirst=George+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpXbYITw4ZesC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070425213827/http://www.kdla.ky.gov/resources/KYGRClark.htm">"George Rogers Clark: Kentucky Frontiersman, Hero, and Founder of Louisville"</a>. Kentucky Department for Libraries and Archives. 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The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200601003544/https://www.nytimes.com/article/breonna-taylor-police.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 1, 2020. 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Retrieved September 16, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+Population+and+Housing&rft.pub=Census.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fdecennial-census.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205052411/https://abell.org/sites/default/files/publications/cd-louisvillemerger1013.pdf">"A 10-Year Perspective of the Merger of Louisville and Jefferson County, KY: Louisville Metro Vaults From 65th to 18th Largest City in the Nation"</a> (PDF). 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Retrieved July 20, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+10-Year+Perspective+of+the+Merger+of+Louisville+and+Jefferson+County%2C+KY%3A+Louisville+Metro+Vaults+From+65th+to+18th+Largest+City+in+the+Nation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abell.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpublications%2Fcd-louisvillemerger1013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010CensusP2-86"><a href="#cite_ref-2010CensusP2_86-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US2148006&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2">"P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Louisville/Jefferson County metro government (balance), Kentucky"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231106012909/https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPL2010.P2?q=p2&g=160XX00US2148006">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2023. 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Retrieved October 28, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=P2+HISPANIC+OR+LATINO%2C+AND+NOT+HISPANIC+OR+LATINO+BY+RACE+%E2%80%93+2020%3A+DEC+Redistricting+Data+%28PL+94-171%29+%E2%80%93+Louisville+city%2C+Kentucky&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Ftable%3Fq%3Dp2%26g%3D160XX00US2148006%26tid%3DDECENNIALPL2020.P2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020CensusP2balance-88"><a href="#cite_ref-2020CensusP2balance_88-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US2148006&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2">"P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Louisville/Jefferson County metro government (balance), Kentucky"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231028222436/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US2148006&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2">Archived</a> from the original on October 28, 2023. Retrieved October 28, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=P2+HISPANIC+OR+LATINO%2C+AND+NOT+HISPANIC+OR+LATINO+BY+RACE+%E2%80%93+2020%3A+DEC+Redistricting+Data+%28PL+94-171%29+%E2%80%93+Louisville%2FJefferson+County+metro+government+%28balance%29%2C+Kentucky&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Ftable%3Fq%3Dp2%26g%3D160XX00US2148006%26tid%3DDECENNIALPL2020.P2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> Note: the Census disaggregated Louisville city from Louisville/Jefferson County metro government (balance) in the 2020 Census </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140824084354/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/totals/2013/tables/NST-EST2013-01.csv">"Table 1. 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Archlou.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111020183412/http://www.archlou.org/history/statistics/">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2011. 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Christ Church United Methodist. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ccum.net/about/">the original</a> on May 1, 2021. 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Retrieved June 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Outreach&rft.atitle=Outreach+100%3A+Largest+Churches+in+America&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foutreach100.com%2Flargest-churches-in-america&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ssclive.org/">"St. Stephen Church"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131022012344/http://ssclive.org/">Archived</a> from the original on October 22, 2013. Retrieved October 21, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+Stephen+Church&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fssclive.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatayama2012" class="citation news cs1">Katayama, Devin (January 3, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170316113213/http://archives.wfpl.org/2012/01/03/former-pastor-files-discrimination-suit-against-st-stephen-baptist-church/">"Former Pastor Files Discrimination Suit Against St. Stephen Baptist Church"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WFPL" title="WFPL">WFPL</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.wfpl.org/2012/01/03/former-pastor-files-discrimination-suit-against-st-stephen-baptist-church/">the original</a> on March 16, 2017. 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ChurchofJesusChrist.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231106012919/https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/temples/details/louisville-kentucky-temple?lang=eng">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2023. Retrieved October 3, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ChurchofJesusChrist.org&rft.atitle=Louisville+Kentucky+Temple&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofjesuschrist.org%2Ftemples%2Fdetails%2Flouisville-kentucky-temple&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarworks.brandeis.edu/esploro/outputs/report/9924154070301921/filesAndLinks?index=0">"2021–22 Study of Jewish Louisville"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230412055649/https://scholarworks.brandeis.edu/esploro/outputs/report/9924154070301921/filesAndLinks?index=0">Archived</a> from the original on April 12, 2023. Retrieved April 12, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2021%E2%80%9322+Study+of+Jewish+Louisville&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarworks.brandeis.edu%2Fesploro%2Foutputs%2Freport%2F9924154070301921%2FfilesAndLinks%3Findex%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith,_Peter2003" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Peter (September 28, 2003). "Some synagogues eye broader styles of worship". <a href="/wiki/The_Courier-Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="The Courier-Journal">The Courier-Journal</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Courier-Journal&rft.atitle=Some+synagogues+eye+broader+styles+of+worship&rft.date=2003-09-28&rft.au=Smith%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irfi.org/articles/articles_101_150/muslims_in_louisville.htm">"Muslims in Louisville"</a>. www.irfi.org. 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Retrieved August 26, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Festival+of+Faiths&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.festivaloffaiths.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centerforinterfaithrelations.org/">"Center for Interfaith Relations"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161001182757/http://centerforinterfaithrelations.org/">Archived</a> from the original on October 1, 2016. Retrieved August 26, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Center+for+Interfaith+Relations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.centerforinterfaithrelations.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlumberg2016" class="citation news cs1">Blumberg, Antonia (May 6, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/festival-of-faiths-louisville_us_572ce9b2e4b096e9f09151d4">"Interfaith Leaders Gather To Promote Peace in the Heart of the Christian South"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Huffington Post">Huffington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160918122057/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/festival-of-faiths-louisville_us_572ce9b2e4b096e9f09151d4">Archived</a> from the original on September 18, 2016. Retrieved August 26, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Interfaith+Leaders+Gather+To+Promote+Peace+in+the+Heart+of+the+Christian+South&rft.date=2016-05-06&rft.aulast=Blumberg&rft.aufirst=Antonia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fentry%2Ffestival-of-faiths-louisville_us_572ce9b2e4b096e9f09151d4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2015" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Ethan (May 9, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leoweekly.com/2015/05/festival-of-faiths-a-qa-with-the-director-of-louisvilles-sundance-of-sacred/">"Festival of Faiths: A Q&A with the director of Louisville's 'Sundance of Sacred'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/LEO_Weekly" class="mw-redirect" title="LEO Weekly">LEO Weekly</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170510074852/http://www.leoweekly.com/2015/05/festival-of-faiths-a-qa-with-the-director-of-louisvilles-sundance-of-sacred/">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2017. Retrieved August 26, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LEO+Weekly&rft.atitle=Festival+of+Faiths%3A+A+Q%26A+with+the+director+of+Louisville%27s+%27Sundance+of+Sacred%27&rft.date=2015-05-09&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Ethan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leoweekly.com%2F2015%2F05%2Ffestival-of-faiths-a-qa-with-the-director-of-louisvilles-sundance-of-sacred%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2001" class="citation book cs1">Harris, Nancy D. (2001). "Baháʼís of Greater Louisville". In Kleber, John E. 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June 13, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120331082422/http://theurbanlouisvillian.blogspot.com/2007/06/fbi-crime-statistics-from-2006-released.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2012. 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March 11, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220401032219/https://www.wdrb.com/news/humana-festival-comes-to-an-end-as-actors-theatre-of-louisville-makes-plan-to-support/article_51d3a054-a165-11ec-a9ce-3fbdcf02873a.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 1, 2022. 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The Courier-Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231106013407/https://www.courier-journal.com/story/sports/soccer/louisville-city-fc/2019/08/05/louisville-city-fc-has-named-its-home-field-lynn-family-stadium/1920374001/">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2023. 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October 22, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211027113957/https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/article/national-womens-soccer-league-announces-expansion-to-louisville-in-2021">Archived</a> from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Women%27s+Soccer+League+announces+expansion+to+Louisville+in+2021&rft.pub=National+Women%27s+Soccer+League&rft.date=2019-10-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nwslsoccer.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Fnational-womens-soccer-league-announces-expansion-to-louisville-in-2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiesel1993" class="citation book cs1">Biesel, David B. (1993). 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/courier_journal/access/1725940601.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Jul+16%2C+2007&author=&pub=Courier+-+Journal&edition=&startpage=A.1&desc=Bridge+project+tunnels%27+cost+rises">the original</a> on June 24, 2011. 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March 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180924165712/https://www.transtats.bts.gov/airports.asp?pn=1">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2018. 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Retrieved September 29, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=TARC+replaces+trolleys+with+ZeroBus&rft.date=2014-12-22&rft.aulast=Gee&rft.aufirst=Dawne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wave3.com%2Fstory%2F27690555%2Ftarc-replaces-trolleys-with-zerobus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen2006" class="citation news cs1">Green, Marcus (November 29, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110624085522/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/courier_journal/access/1749372341.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Nov+29%2C+2006&author=&pub=Courier+-+Journal&edition=&startpage=B.1&desc=Mass+transit+plan+still+possible">"Mass transit plan still possible; Officials will look for financing options"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Courier-Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="The Courier-Journal">The Courier-Journal</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/courier_journal/access/1749372341.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Nov+29%2C+2006&author=&pub=Courier+-+Journal&edition=&startpage=B.1&desc=Mass+transit+plan+still+possible">the original</a> on June 24, 2011. 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November 23, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090624205811/http://www.trainweb.org/moksrail/documents/pop/msa.htm">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2009. 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Retrieved May 6, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Most+Walkable+Cities+in+the+US&rft.pub=Walk+Score&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.walkscore.com%2Fcities-and-neighborhoods%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> Data from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.louisvilleky.gov/LWC">Louisville Water</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090415204341/http://www.louisvilleky.gov/LWC">Archived</a> April 15, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120326024952/http://www.awwa.org/publications/MainStreamArticle.cfm?itemnumber=36618">"Louisville wins best water taste test"</a>. American Water Works Association. June 10, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.awwa.org/publications/MainStreamArticle.cfm?itemnumber=36618">the original</a> on March 26, 2012. 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Retrieved June 20, 2024 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Courier-Journal&rft.atitle=Shively+firefighters+strengthen+ties+with+Louisville&rft.pages=D1&rft.date=2003-05-28&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-courier-journal-shively-fire-departm%2F149716712%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lfpl.org/separateflame">"African-American Archives – Western Branch: The First African American Public Library"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Free_Public_Library" title="Louisville Free Public Library">Louisville Free Public Library</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230927005936/https://www.lfpl.org/separateflame">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2023. Retrieved September 26, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=African-American+Archives+%E2%80%93+Western+Branch%3A+The+First+African+American+Public+Library&rft.pub=Louisville+Free+Public+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lfpl.org%2Fseparateflame&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130121190156/http://www.uky.edu/Subject/lama.html">"African Americans in Library Professions: The Kentucky Connection"</a>. Uky.edu. December 7, 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uky.edu/Subject/lama.html">the original</a> on January 21, 2013. Retrieved February 20, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=African+Americans+in+Library+Professions%3A+The+Kentucky+Connection&rft.pub=Uky.edu&rft.date=2004-12-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uky.edu%2FSubject%2Flama.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAltman1999" class="citation news cs1">Altman, Lawrence K. (January 26, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/01/26/us/doctors-in-louisville-perform-nation-s-first-hand-transplant.html">"Doctors in Louisville Perform Nation's First Hand Transplant"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180613235309/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/01/26/us/doctors-in-louisville-perform-nation-s-first-hand-transplant.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2018. Retrieved September 8, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Doctors+in+Louisville+Perform+Nation%27s+First+Hand+Transplant&rft.date=1999-01-26&rft.aulast=Altman&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1999%2F01%2F26%2Fus%2Fdoctors-in-louisville-perform-nation-s-first-hand-transplant.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200930211642/https://www.sclou.org/">"Home"</a>. sclou.org. Sister Cities of Louisville. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sclou.org/">the original</a> on September 30, 2020. Retrieved October 24, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sclou.org&rft.atitle=Home&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sclou.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230818233441/https://www.worldkentucky.org/blog/world-affairs-council-of-kentucky-and-southern-indianas-statement-on-our-relationship-with-perm-russia">"World Affairs Council of Kentucky and Southern Indiana's Statement on our relationship with Perm, Russia"</a>. World Affairs Council. June 14, 2022. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldkentucky.org/blog/world-affairs-council-of-kentucky-and-southern-indianas-statement-on-our-relationship-with-perm-russia">the original</a> on August 18, 2023. Retrieved August 18, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Affairs+Council&rft.atitle=World+Affairs+Council+of+Kentucky+and+Southern+Indiana%27s+Statement+on+our+relationship+with+Perm%2C+Russia&rft.date=2022-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldkentucky.org%2Fblog%2Fworld-affairs-council-of-kentucky-and-southern-indianas-statement-on-our-relationship-with-perm-russia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sclou.org/index.php?id=114">Friendship City Status</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060427141003/http://www.sclou.org/index.php?id=114">Archived</a> April 27, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sclou.org/">Sister Cities of Louisville</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190128235415/https://www.sclou.org/">Archived</a> January 28, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 2006. Retrieved June 1, 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190322184820/https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/city-profile-exchange-activities/our-sister-cities-a2101.html">"Our Sister Cities"</a>. Go Chengdu. July 31, 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/city-profile-exchange-activities/our-sister-cities-a2101.html">the original</a> on March 22, 2019. Retrieved March 22, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Go+Chengdu&rft.atitle=Our+Sister+Cities&rft.date=2016-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gochengdu.cn%2Fnews%2Four-sister-cities%2Fcity-profile-exchange-activities%2Four-sister-cities-a2101.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBell2007" class="citation book cs1">Bell, Rick (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EI-GGgAACAAJ">The Great Flood of 1937: Rising Waters, Soaring Spirits</a>. Louisville, Kentucky: Butler Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-884532-82-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-884532-82-5"><bdi>978-1-884532-82-5</bdi></a>. Retrieved August 9, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Flood+of+1937%3A+Rising+Waters%2C+Soaring+Spirits&rft.place=Louisville%2C+Kentucky&rft.pub=Butler+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-884532-82-5&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEI-GGgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDomerGregory_A._LuhanDavid_Mohney2004" class="citation book cs1">Domer, Dennis; Gregory A. Luhan; David Mohney (2004). The Louisville Guide. New York: <a href="/wiki/Princeton_Architectural_Press" title="Princeton Architectural Press">Princeton Architectural Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56898-451-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56898-451-3"><bdi>978-1-56898-451-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Louisville+Guide&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Princeton+Architectural+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-56898-451-3&rft.aulast=Domer&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft.au=Gregory+A.+Luhan&rft.au=David+Mohney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreater_Louisville_Inc.2006" class="citation book cs1">Greater Louisville Inc. (2006). Louisville Then and Now. Butler Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-884532-68-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-884532-68-9"><bdi>978-1-884532-68-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Louisville+Then+and+Now&rft.pub=Butler+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-884532-68-9&rft.au=Greater+Louisville+Inc.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKleber2001" class="citation book cs1">Kleber, John E., ed. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pXbYITw4ZesC">The Encyclopedia of Louisville</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Kentucky" title="Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington, Kentucky</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Kentucky" title="University Press of Kentucky">University Press of Kentucky</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-2100-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-2100-0"><bdi>978-0-8131-2100-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/247857447">247857447</a>. Retrieved May 14, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Louisville&rft.place=Lexington%2C+Kentucky&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F247857447&rft.isbn=978-0-8131-2100-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpXbYITw4ZesC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2006" class="citation news cs1">Lee, Gary (August 20, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/18/AR2006081800300.html">"Louisville Old and New: Either Way, It's a Knockout"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Retrieved October 1, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Louisville+Old+and+New%3A+Either+Way%2C+It%27s+a+Knockout&rft.date=2006-08-20&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2006%2F08%2F18%2FAR2006081800300.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoldBob_Bahr1997" class="citation book cs1">Nold, Chip; Bob Bahr (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/insidersguidetol0000nold">Insiders' Guide to Louisville, Kentucky & Southern Indiana</a>. <a href="/wiki/Globe_Pequot" class="mw-redirect" title="Globe Pequot">Globe Pequot</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57380-043-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57380-043-3"><bdi>978-1-57380-043-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Insiders%27+Guide+to+Louisville%2C+Kentucky+%26+Southern+Indiana&rft.pub=Globe+Pequot&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-57380-043-3&rft.aulast=Nold&rft.aufirst=Chip&rft.au=Bob+Bahr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finsidersguidetol0000nold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandersGlen_Conner2000" class="citation book cs1">Sanders, David; Glen Conner (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319233530/http://www.kyclimate.org/factsheets/ohioriverfloods.html">Fact Sheet—Ohio River Floods</a>. Kentucky Climate Center. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyclimate.org/factsheets/ohioriverfloods.html">the original</a> on March 19, 2015. Retrieved June 23, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fact+Sheet%E2%80%94Ohio+River+Floods&rft.pub=Kentucky+Climate+Center&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Sanders&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Glen+Conner&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyclimate.org%2Ffactsheets%2Fohioriverfloods.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYater1987" class="citation book cs1">Yater, George H. (1987). Two Hundred Years at the Fall of the Ohio: A History of Louisville and Jefferson County (2nd ed.). Louisville, Kentucky: <a href="/wiki/The_Filson_Historical_Society" title="The Filson Historical Society">Filson Club, Incorporated</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9601072-3-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9601072-3-0"><bdi>978-0-9601072-3-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Two+Hundred+Years+at+the+Fall+of+the+Ohio%3A+A+History+of+Louisville+and+Jefferson+County&rft.place=Louisville%2C+Kentucky&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Filson+Club%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-9601072-3-0&rft.aulast=Yater&rft.aufirst=George+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisville%2C+Kentucky" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Louisville, Kentucky at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Louisville,_Kentucky" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Louisville, Kentucky">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Louisville,_Kentucky" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Louisville, Kentucky">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Louisville,_Kentucky" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Louisville, Kentucky">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Louisville,_Kentucky" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Louisville, Kentucky">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Louisville,_Kentucky" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Louisville, Kentucky">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Louisville,_Kentucky" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Louisville, Kentucky">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Louisville,_Kentucky" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Louisville, Kentucky">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Louisville" class="extiw" title="voy:Louisville">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://louisvilleky.gov/">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gotolouisville.com/">Louisville Tourism & Events</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lojic.org/lojic-online">LOJIC Online</a> – Interactive map of Louisville Metro</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.library.louisville.edu/?f%5Bcity_sim%5D%5B%5D=Louisville+%28Ky.%29&f%5Bmedia_type_sim%5D%5B%5D=Still+Image&locale=en">Images of Louisville from the University of Louisville Digital Collections</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="City_of_Louisville_and_metro_area" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Template:Louisville, Kentucky"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Template talk:Louisville, Kentucky"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Louisville, Kentucky"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="City_of_Louisville_and_metro_area" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">City of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Louisville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louisville_metropolitan_area" title="Louisville metropolitan area">metro area</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="History of Louisville, Kentucky">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Timeline of Louisville, Kentucky">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_the_Louisville_metropolitan_area" title="Category:National Register of Historic Places in the Louisville metropolitan area">Historic places</a></li> <li>Founder: <a href="/wiki/George_Rogers_Clark" title="George Rogers Clark">George Rogers Clark</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corn_Island_(Kentucky)" title="Corn Island (Kentucky)">Corn Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Nelson_(Kentucky)" title="Fort Nelson (Kentucky)">Fort Nelson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloody_Monday" title="Bloody Monday">Bloody Monday religious riots</a> (1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Louisville in the American Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Exposition" title="Southern Exposition">Southern Exposition</a> (1883–87)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_March_27,_1890#Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Tornado outbreak of March 27, 1890">1890 tornado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_River_flood_of_1937" title="Ohio River flood of 1937">1937 flood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Louisville_riots" title="1968 Louisville riots">1968 riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Kentucky_Derby" title="1973 Kentucky Derby">1973 Kentucky Derby</a> (<a href="/wiki/Secretariat_(horse)" title="Secretariat (horse)">Secretariat</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Super_Outbreak" title="1974 Super Outbreak">1974 tornadoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville_Cardinals_men%27s_basketball" title="Louisville Cardinals men's basketball">Louisville Cardinals men's basketball</a> <ul><li>Championships in <a href="/wiki/1980_NCAA_Division_I_basketball_championship_game" title="1980 NCAA Division I basketball championship game">1980</a> / <a href="/wiki/1986_NCAA_Division_I_men%27s_basketball_championship_game" title="1986 NCAA Division I men's basketball championship game">1986</a> / <a href="/wiki/2013_NCAA_Division_I_men%27s_basketball_championship_game" title="2013 NCAA Division I men's basketball championship game">2013 [vacated</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_University_of_Louisville_basketball_sex_scandal" title="2015 University of Louisville basketball sex scandal">2015 scandal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Gravure_shooting" title="Standard Gravure shooting">Standard Gravure shooting</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_River_Bridges_Project" title="Ohio River Bridges Project">Ohio River Bridges Project</a> (2002–16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breonna_Taylor" title="Breonna Taylor">Breonna Taylor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Breonna_Taylor" title="Killing of Breonna Taylor">Killing</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breonna_Taylor_protests" title="Breonna Taylor protests">Protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Louisville_bank_shooting" title="2023 Louisville bank shooting">2023 bank shooting</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky"><img alt="Louisville at night" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Louisville_Skyline_2021_%284%29.jpg/130px-Louisville_Skyline_2021_%284%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Louisville_Skyline_2021_%284%29.jpg/195px-Louisville_Skyline_2021_%284%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Louisville_Skyline_2021_%284%29.jpg/260px-Louisville_Skyline_2021_%284%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1148" data-file-height="585" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Geography of Louisville, Kentucky">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Louisville" title="Downtown Louisville">Downtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cityscape_of_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Cityscape of Louisville, Kentucky">Cityscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Louisville,_Kentucky#Climate" title="Geography of Louisville, Kentucky">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Local_landmarks_in_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Category:Local landmarks in Louisville, Kentucky">Local landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_in_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Neighborhoods in Louisville, Kentucky">Neighborhoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_in_the_Louisville_metropolitan_area" title="List of parks in the Louisville metropolitan area">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Local_preservation_districts_in_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Category:Local preservation districts in Louisville, Kentucky">Preservation districts</a> (<a href="/wiki/Old_Louisville" title="Old Louisville">Old Louisville</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Government of Louisville, Kentucky">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="List of mayors of Louisville, Kentucky">Mayor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Craig_Greenberg" title="Craig Greenberg">Craig Greenberg</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville_Metro_Council" title="Louisville Metro Council">Metro Council</a> (<a href="/wiki/Louisville_Metro_Council_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisville Metro Council President">President</a>: Markus Winkler)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Transportation in Louisville, Kentucky">Transportation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Airports <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisville_Muhammad_Ali_International_Airport" title="Louisville Muhammad Ali International Airport">Muhammad Ali International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowman_Field_(Kentucky)" title="Bowman Field (Kentucky)">Bowman Field</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bridges <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark_Bridge_(Ohio_River)" title="Lewis and Clark Bridge (Ohio River)">Lewis and Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Four_Bridge" title="Big Four Bridge">Big Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_Bridge" title="Abraham Lincoln Bridge">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Memorial_Bridge" title="John F. Kennedy Memorial Bridge">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Rogers_Clark_Memorial_Bridge" title="George Rogers Clark Memorial Bridge">Clark/2nd St.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Street_Bridge_(Ohio_River)" title="Fourteenth Street Bridge (Ohio River)">14th St.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_%26_Indiana_Terminal_Bridge" title="Kentucky & Indiana Terminal Bridge">K&I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Minton_Bridge" title="Sherman Minton Bridge">Sherman Minton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Station_(Louisville)" title="Union Station (Louisville)">Louisville Union Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McAlpine_Locks_and_Dam" title="McAlpine Locks and Dam">McAlpine Locks and Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_roads_in_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="List of roads in Louisville, Kentucky">Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_Authority_of_River_City" title="Transit Authority of River City">TARC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other subject areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_attractions_and_events_in_the_Louisville_metropolitan_area" title="List of attractions and events in the Louisville metropolitan area">Attractions and events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cuisine_of_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Category:Cuisine of Louisville, Kentucky">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Economy of Louisville, Kentucky">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="List of schools in Louisville, Kentucky">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Media in Louisville, Kentucky">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_the_Louisville_metropolitan_area" title="List of people from the Louisville metropolitan area">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performing_arts_in_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Performing arts in Louisville, Kentucky">Performing arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="List of public art in Louisville, Kentucky">Public art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Religion in Louisville, Kentucky">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Sports in Louisville, Kentucky">Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Top subjects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali" title="Muhammad Ali">Muhammad Ali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Center" title="Muhammad Ali Center">Muhammad Ali Center</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_Hill_Cemetery" title="Cave Hill Cemetery">Cave Hill Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falls_of_the_Ohio_National_Wildlife_Conservation_Area" title="Falls of the Ohio National Wildlife Conservation Area">Falls of the Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmington_(Louisville,_Kentucky)" title="Farmington (Louisville, Kentucky)">Farmington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Derby" title="Kentucky Derby">Kentucky Derby</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Derby_Festival" title="Kentucky Derby Festival">Festival</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KFC" title="KFC">KFC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_KFC" title="History of KFC">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonel_Sanders" title="Colonel Sanders">Colonel Sanders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville_and_Nashville_Railroad" title="Louisville and Nashville Railroad">L&N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillerich_%26_Bradsby" title="Hillerich & Bradsby">Louisville Slugger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_Art_Museum" title="Speed Art Museum">Speed Art Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Louisville" title="University of Louisville">University of Louisville</a> (<a href="/wiki/Louisville_Cardinals" title="Louisville Cardinals">Cardinals</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National Historic Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belle_of_Louisville" title="Belle of Louisville">Belle of Louisville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchill_Downs" title="Churchill Downs">Churchill Downs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Locust_Grove" title="Historic Locust Grove">Historic Locust Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_Andrew_Broaddus" title="Mayor Andrew Broaddus">Mayor Andrew Broaddus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Bank_of_Louisville" title="Old Bank of Louisville">Old Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor_House" title="Zachary Taylor House">Zachary Taylor House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Hospital_(Louisville,_Kentucky)" title="United States Marine Hospital (Louisville, Kentucky)">United States Marine Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville_Water_Tower" title="Louisville Water Tower">Water Tower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prominent suburbs (over 10K pop.)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clarksville,_Indiana" title="Clarksville, Indiana">Clarksville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffersontown,_Kentucky" title="Jeffersontown, Kentucky">Jeffersontown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffersonville,_Indiana" title="Jeffersonville, Indiana">Jeffersonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon,_Kentucky" title="Lyndon, Kentucky">Lyndon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Washington,_Kentucky" title="Mount Washington, Kentucky">Mount Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Albany,_Indiana" title="New Albany, Indiana">New Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Matthews,_Kentucky" title="St. Matthews, Kentucky">St. Matthews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelbyville,_Kentucky" title="Shelbyville, Kentucky">Shelbyville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepherdsville,_Kentucky" title="Shepherdsville, Kentucky">Shepherdsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shively,_Kentucky" title="Shively, Kentucky">Shively</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Category:Louisville, Kentucky">Category (city)</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Louisville_metropolitan_area" title="Category:Louisville metropolitan area">Category (metro area)</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Louisville" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Louisville">WikiProject</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Jefferson_County,_Kentucky,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jefferson_County,_Kentucky" title="Template:Jefferson County, Kentucky"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jefferson_County,_Kentucky" title="Template talk:Jefferson County, Kentucky"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jefferson_County,_Kentucky" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jefferson County, Kentucky"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Jefferson_County,_Kentucky,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Kentucky" title="Jefferson County, Kentucky">Jefferson County, Kentucky</a>, United States</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">County seat</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Louisville</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Kentucky" title="Anchorage, Kentucky">Anchorage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audubon_Park,_Kentucky" title="Audubon Park, Kentucky">Audubon Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bancroft,_Kentucky" title="Bancroft, Kentucky">Bancroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbourmeade,_Kentucky" title="Barbourmeade, Kentucky">Barbourmeade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechwood_Village,_Kentucky" title="Beechwood Village, Kentucky">Beechwood Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellemeade,_Kentucky" title="Bellemeade, Kentucky">Bellemeade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellewood,_Kentucky" title="Bellewood, Kentucky">Bellewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Ridge_Manor,_Kentucky" title="Blue Ridge Manor, Kentucky">Blue Ridge Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briarwood,_Kentucky" title="Briarwood, Kentucky">Briarwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broeck_Pointe,_Kentucky" title="Broeck Pointe, Kentucky">Broeck Pointe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownsboro_Farm,_Kentucky" title="Brownsboro Farm, Kentucky">Brownsboro Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownsboro_Village,_Kentucky" title="Brownsboro Village, Kentucky">Brownsboro Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Kentucky" title="Cambridge, Kentucky">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coldstream,_Kentucky" title="Coldstream, Kentucky">Coldstream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creekside,_Kentucky" title="Creekside, Kentucky">Creekside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossgate,_Kentucky" title="Crossgate, Kentucky">Crossgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglass_Hills,_Kentucky" title="Douglass Hills, Kentucky">Douglass Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druid_Hills,_Kentucky" title="Druid Hills, Kentucky">Druid Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fincastle,_Kentucky" title="Fincastle, Kentucky">Fincastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Hills,_Kentucky" title="Forest Hills, Kentucky">Forest Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenview,_Kentucky" title="Glenview, Kentucky">Glenview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenview_Hills,_Kentucky" title="Glenview Hills, Kentucky">Glenview Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenview_Manor,_Kentucky" title="Glenview Manor, Kentucky">Glenview Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goose_Creek,_Kentucky" title="Goose Creek, Kentucky">Goose Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graymoor-Devondale,_Kentucky" title="Graymoor-Devondale, Kentucky">Graymoor-Devondale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Spring,_Kentucky" title="Green Spring, Kentucky">Green Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Creek,_Kentucky" title="Heritage Creek, Kentucky">Heritage Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hickory_Hill,_Kentucky" title="Hickory Hill, Kentucky">Hickory Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hills_and_Dales,_Kentucky" title="Hills and Dales, Kentucky">Hills and Dales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollow_Creek,_Kentucky" title="Hollow Creek, Kentucky">Hollow Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollyvilla,_Kentucky" title="Hollyvilla, Kentucky">Hollyvilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Acres,_Kentucky" title="Houston Acres, Kentucky">Houston Acres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurstbourne,_Kentucky" title="Hurstbourne, Kentucky">Hurstbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurstbourne_Acres,_Kentucky" title="Hurstbourne Acres, Kentucky">Hurstbourne Acres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Hills,_Kentucky" title="Indian Hills, Kentucky">Indian Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffersontown,_Kentucky" title="Jeffersontown, Kentucky">Jeffersontown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsley,_Kentucky" title="Kingsley, Kentucky">Kingsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdon_Place,_Kentucky" title="Langdon Place, Kentucky">Langdon Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire,_Kentucky" title="Lincolnshire, Kentucky">Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Louisville</a> (<a href="/wiki/Louisville/Jefferson_County_metro_government_(balance),_Kentucky" title="Louisville/Jefferson County metro government (balance), Kentucky">balance</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon,_Kentucky" title="Lyndon, Kentucky">Lyndon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynnview,_Kentucky" title="Lynnview, Kentucky">Lynnview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manor_Creek,_Kentucky" title="Manor Creek, Kentucky">Manor Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryhill_Estates,_Kentucky" title="Maryhill Estates, Kentucky">Maryhill Estates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meadow_Vale,_Kentucky" title="Meadow Vale, Kentucky">Meadow Vale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meadowbrook_Farm,_Kentucky" title="Meadowbrook Farm, Kentucky">Meadowbrook Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meadowview_Estates,_Kentucky" title="Meadowview Estates, Kentucky">Meadowview Estates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middletown,_Kentucky" title="Middletown, Kentucky">Middletown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockingbird_Valley,_Kentucky" title="Mockingbird Valley, Kentucky">Mockingbird Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorland,_Kentucky" title="Moorland, Kentucky">Moorland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Hill,_Kentucky" title="Murray Hill, Kentucky">Murray Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbourne_Estates,_Kentucky" title="Norbourne Estates, Kentucky">Norbourne Estates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northfield,_Kentucky" title="Northfield, Kentucky">Northfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwood,_Kentucky" title="Norwood, Kentucky">Norwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Brownsboro_Place,_Kentucky" title="Old Brownsboro Place, Kentucky">Old Brownsboro Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkway_Village,_Kentucky" title="Parkway Village, Kentucky">Parkway Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation,_Kentucky" title="Plantation, Kentucky">Plantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poplar_Hills,_Kentucky" title="Poplar Hills, Kentucky">Poplar Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospect,_Kentucky" title="Prospect, Kentucky">Prospect</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richlawn,_Kentucky" title="Richlawn, Kentucky">Richlawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverwood,_Kentucky" title="Riverwood, Kentucky">Riverwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Fields,_Kentucky" title="Rolling Fields, Kentucky">Rolling Fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Hills,_Kentucky" title="Rolling Hills, Kentucky">Rolling Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Matthews,_Kentucky" title="St. Matthews, Kentucky">St. Matthews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Regis_Park,_Kentucky" title="St. Regis Park, Kentucky">St. Regis Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_Gardens,_Kentucky" title="Seneca Gardens, Kentucky">Seneca Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shively,_Kentucky" title="Shively, Kentucky">Shively</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Park_View,_Kentucky" title="South Park View, Kentucky">South Park View</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Mill,_Kentucky" title="Spring Mill, Kentucky">Spring Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Valley,_Kentucky" title="Spring Valley, Kentucky">Spring Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathmoor_Manor,_Kentucky" title="Strathmoor Manor, Kentucky">Strathmoor Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathmoor_Village,_Kentucky" title="Strathmoor Village, Kentucky">Strathmoor Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sycamore,_Kentucky" title="Sycamore, Kentucky">Sycamore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Broeck,_Kentucky" title="Ten Broeck, Kentucky">Ten Broeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thornhill,_Kentucky" title="Thornhill, Kentucky">Thornhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watterson_Park,_Kentucky" title="Watterson Park, Kentucky">Watterson Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington,_Kentucky" title="Wellington, Kentucky">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Buechel,_Kentucky" title="West Buechel, Kentucky">West Buechel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westwood,_Jefferson_County,_Kentucky" title="Westwood, Jefferson County, Kentucky">Westwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildwood,_Kentucky" title="Wildwood, Kentucky">Wildwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windy_Hills,_Kentucky" title="Windy Hills, Kentucky">Windy Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodland_Hills,_Kentucky" title="Woodland Hills, Kentucky">Woodland Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodlawn_Park,_Kentucky" title="Woodlawn Park, Kentucky">Woodlawn Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worthington_Hills,_Kentucky" title="Worthington Hills, Kentucky">Worthington Hills</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Map_of_Kentucky_highlighting_Jefferson_County.svg/200px-Map_of_Kentucky_highlighting_Jefferson_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Map_of_Kentucky_highlighting_Jefferson_County.svg/300px-Map_of_Kentucky_highlighting_Jefferson_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Map_of_Kentucky_highlighting_Jefferson_County.svg/400px-Map_of_Kentucky_highlighting_Jefferson_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2708" data-file-height="1166" /><figcaption>Location of Jefferson County, Kentucky</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Former <a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDPs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buechel,_Louisville" title="Buechel, Louisville">Buechel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairdale,_Louisville" title="Fairdale, Louisville">Fairdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fern_Creek,_Louisville" title="Fern Creek, Louisville">Fern Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highview,_Louisville" title="Highview, Louisville">Highview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newburg,_Louisville" title="Newburg, Louisville">Newburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okolona,_Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Okolona, Louisville, Kentucky">Okolona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleasure_Ridge_Park,_Louisville" title="Pleasure Ridge Park, Louisville">Pleasure Ridge Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Dennis,_Louisville" title="St. Dennis, Louisville">St. Dennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Station,_Louisville" title="Valley Station, Louisville">Valley Station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Kentucky_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Kentucky (state)">Kentucky portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Commonwealth_of_Kentucky" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kentucky" title="Template:Kentucky"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kentucky" title="Template talk:Kentucky"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kentucky" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kentucky"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Commonwealth_of_Kentucky" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._state)" title="Commonwealth (U.S. state)">Commonwealth</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Frankfort,_Kentucky" title="Frankfort, Kentucky">Frankfort</a> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Kentucky" title="Outline of Kentucky">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Kentucky-related_articles" title="Index of Kentucky-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Kentucky" title="Cuisine of Kentucky">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Environment_of_Kentucky" title="Category:Environment of Kentucky">Environment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Kentucky" title="Climate change in Kentucky">climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky#Geography" title="Kentucky">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kentucky" title="History of Kentucky">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_education_in_Kentucky" title="History of education in Kentucky">History of education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kentucky" title="Music of Kentucky">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Kentucky" title="Category:Mass media in Kentucky">Mass media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Kentucky" title="List of newspapers in Kentucky">newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Kentucky" title="List of radio stations in Kentucky">radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Kentucky" title="List of television stations in Kentucky">TV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Kentucky" title="List of people from Kentucky">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kentucky" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Kentucky">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kentucky_state_symbols" title="List of Kentucky state symbols">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Kentucky" title="Seal of Kentucky">seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Kentucky" title="Flag of Kentucky">flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_theaters_in_Kentucky" title="List of theaters in Kentucky">Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourism_in_Kentucky" title="Category:Tourism in Kentucky">Tourism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Kentucky" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Kentucky">tourist attractions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Kentucky" title="Transportation in Kentucky">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kentucky" title="Category:Kentucky">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Kentucky-related_articles" title="Index of Kentucky-related articles">Index</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Kentucky" title="Abortion in Kentucky">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kentucky" title="Culture of Kentucky">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Kentucky" title="Crime in Kentucky">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Kentucky" title="Demographics of Kentucky">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky#Economy" title="Kentucky">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Kentucky" title="Education in Kentucky">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Kentucky" title="Elections in Kentucky">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Kentucky" title="Gun laws in Kentucky">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Kentucky" class="mw-redirect" title="Homelessness in Kentucky">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Kentucky" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Kentucky">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky#Politics" title="Kentucky">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Kentucky" title="Sports in Kentucky">Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#Kentucky" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegheny_Plateau" title="Allegheny Plateau">Allegheny Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluegrass_region" title="Bluegrass region">The Bluegrass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Mountains" title="Cumberland Mountains">Cumberland Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Plateau" title="Cumberland Plateau">Cumberland Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Kentucky_Coalfield" title="Eastern Kentucky Coalfield">Eastern Kentucky Coalfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Rim" title="Highland Rim">Highland Rim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knobs_region" title="Knobs region">The Knobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Alluvial_Plain" title="Mississippi Alluvial Plain">Mississippi Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Kentucky" title="Northern Kentucky">Northern Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennyroyal_Plateau" title="Pennyroyal Plateau">Pennyroyal Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Purchase" title="Jackson Purchase">The Purchase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridge-and-Valley_Appalachians" title="Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians">Ridge-and-Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Valley" title="Tennessee Valley">Tennessee Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Coal_Field" title="Western Coal Field">Western Coal Fields</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Kentucky" title="List of cities in Kentucky">25 largest cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Louisville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Kentucky" title="Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowling_Green,_Kentucky" title="Bowling Green, Kentucky">Bowling Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owensboro,_Kentucky" title="Owensboro, Kentucky">Owensboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covington,_Kentucky" title="Covington, Kentucky">Covington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Kentucky" title="Richmond, Kentucky">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgetown,_Kentucky" title="Georgetown, Kentucky">Georgetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence,_Kentucky" title="Florence, Kentucky">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopkinsville,_Kentucky" title="Hopkinsville, Kentucky">Hopkinsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholasville,_Kentucky" title="Nicholasville, Kentucky">Nicholasville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabethtown,_Kentucky" title="Elizabethtown, Kentucky">Elizabethtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence,_Kentucky" title="Independence, Kentucky">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henderson,_Kentucky" title="Henderson, Kentucky">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfort,_Kentucky" title="Frankfort, Kentucky">Frankfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffersontown,_Kentucky" title="Jeffersontown, Kentucky">Jeffersontown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paducah,_Kentucky" title="Paducah, Kentucky">Paducah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radcliff,_Kentucky" title="Radcliff, Kentucky">Radcliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashland,_Kentucky" title="Ashland, Kentucky">Ashland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray,_Kentucky" title="Murray, Kentucky">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlanger,_Kentucky" title="Erlanger, Kentucky">Erlanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester,_Kentucky" title="Winchester, Kentucky">Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madisonville,_Kentucky" title="Madisonville, Kentucky">Madisonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Washington,_Kentucky" title="Mount Washington, Kentucky">Mount Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Matthews,_Kentucky" title="St. Matthews, Kentucky">St. Matthews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danville,_Kentucky" title="Danville, Kentucky">Danville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">Metropolitan areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huntington%E2%80%93Ashland_metropolitan_area" title="Huntington–Ashland metropolitan area">Ashland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowling_Green_metropolitan_area,_Kentucky" title="Bowling Green metropolitan area, Kentucky">Bowling Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarksville_metropolitan_area" title="Clarksville metropolitan area">Clarksville, TN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabethtown_metropolitan_area" title="Elizabethtown metropolitan area">Elizabethtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evansville_metropolitan_area" title="Evansville metropolitan area">Evansville, IN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington%E2%80%93Fayette_metropolitan_area" title="Lexington–Fayette metropolitan area">Lexington–Fayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville_metropolitan_area" title="Louisville metropolitan area">Louisville/Jefferson County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_metropolitan_area" title="Cincinnati metropolitan area">Northern Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owensboro_metropolitan_area" title="Owensboro metropolitan area">Owensboro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Kentucky" title="List of counties in Kentucky">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adair_County,_Kentucky" title="Adair County, Kentucky">Adair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_County,_Kentucky" title="Allen County, Kentucky">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anderson_County,_Kentucky" title="Anderson County, Kentucky">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballard_County,_Kentucky" title="Ballard County, Kentucky">Ballard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barren_County,_Kentucky" title="Barren County, Kentucky">Barren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bath_County,_Kentucky" title="Bath County, Kentucky">Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_County,_Kentucky" title="Bell County, Kentucky">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boone_County,_Kentucky" title="Boone County, Kentucky">Boone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_County,_Kentucky" title="Bourbon County, Kentucky">Bourbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyd_County,_Kentucky" title="Boyd County, Kentucky">Boyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyle_County,_Kentucky" title="Boyle County, Kentucky">Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracken_County,_Kentucky" title="Bracken County, Kentucky">Bracken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breathitt_County,_Kentucky" title="Breathitt County, Kentucky">Breathitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breckinridge_County,_Kentucky" title="Breckinridge County, Kentucky">Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullitt_County,_Kentucky" title="Bullitt County, Kentucky">Bullitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butler_County,_Kentucky" title="Butler County, Kentucky">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caldwell_County,_Kentucky" title="Caldwell County, Kentucky">Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calloway_County,_Kentucky" title="Calloway County, Kentucky">Calloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbell_County,_Kentucky" title="Campbell County, Kentucky">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle_County,_Kentucky" title="Carlisle County, Kentucky">Carlisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_County,_Kentucky" title="Carroll County, Kentucky">Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_County,_Kentucky" title="Carter County, Kentucky">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casey_County,_Kentucky" title="Casey County, Kentucky">Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_County,_Kentucky" title="Christian County, Kentucky">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_County,_Kentucky" title="Clark County, Kentucky">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clay_County,_Kentucky" title="Clay County, Kentucky">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_County,_Kentucky" title="Clinton County, Kentucky">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crittenden_County,_Kentucky" title="Crittenden County, Kentucky">Crittenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_County,_Kentucky" title="Cumberland County, Kentucky">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daviess_County,_Kentucky" title="Daviess County, Kentucky">Daviess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmonson_County,_Kentucky" title="Edmonson County, Kentucky">Edmonson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_County,_Kentucky" title="Elliott County, Kentucky">Elliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estill_County,_Kentucky" title="Estill County, Kentucky">Estill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayette_County,_Kentucky" title="Fayette County, Kentucky">Fayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleming_County,_Kentucky" title="Fleming County, Kentucky">Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floyd_County,_Kentucky" title="Floyd County, Kentucky">Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Kentucky" title="Franklin County, Kentucky">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_County,_Kentucky" title="Fulton County, Kentucky">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallatin_County,_Kentucky" title="Gallatin County, Kentucky">Gallatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrard_County,_Kentucky" title="Garrard County, Kentucky">Garrard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_County,_Kentucky" title="Grant County, Kentucky">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graves_County,_Kentucky" title="Graves County, Kentucky">Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grayson_County,_Kentucky" title="Grayson County, Kentucky">Grayson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_County,_Kentucky" title="Green County, Kentucky">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenup_County,_Kentucky" title="Greenup County, Kentucky">Greenup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hancock_County,_Kentucky" title="Hancock County, Kentucky">Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardin_County,_Kentucky" title="Hardin County, Kentucky">Hardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlan_County,_Kentucky" title="Harlan County, Kentucky">Harlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_County,_Kentucky" title="Harrison County, Kentucky">Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hart_County,_Kentucky" title="Hart County, Kentucky">Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henderson_County,_Kentucky" title="Henderson County, Kentucky">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_County,_Kentucky" title="Henry County, Kentucky">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hickman_County,_Kentucky" title="Hickman County, Kentucky">Hickman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopkins_County,_Kentucky" title="Hopkins County, Kentucky">Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Kentucky" title="Jackson County, Kentucky">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Kentucky" title="Jefferson County, Kentucky">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessamine_County,_Kentucky" title="Jessamine County, Kentucky">Jessamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_County,_Kentucky" title="Johnson County, Kentucky">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenton_County,_Kentucky" title="Kenton County, Kentucky">Kenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knott_County,_Kentucky" title="Knott County, Kentucky">Knott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knox_County,_Kentucky" title="Knox County, Kentucky">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaRue_County,_Kentucky" title="LaRue County, Kentucky">LaRue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurel_County,_Kentucky" title="Laurel County, Kentucky">Laurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_County,_Kentucky" title="Lawrence County, Kentucky">Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_County,_Kentucky" title="Lee County, Kentucky">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_County,_Kentucky" title="Leslie County, Kentucky">Leslie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letcher_County,_Kentucky" title="Letcher County, Kentucky">Letcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_County,_Kentucky" title="Lewis County, Kentucky">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County,_Kentucky" title="Lincoln County, Kentucky">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livingston_County,_Kentucky" title="Livingston County, Kentucky">Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logan_County,_Kentucky" title="Logan County, Kentucky">Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyon_County,_Kentucky" title="Lyon County, Kentucky">Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Kentucky" title="Madison County, Kentucky">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magoffin_County,_Kentucky" title="Magoffin County, Kentucky">Magoffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_County,_Kentucky" title="Marion County, Kentucky">Marion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_County,_Kentucky" title="Marshall County, Kentucky">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_County,_Kentucky" title="Martin County, Kentucky">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason_County,_Kentucky" title="Mason County, Kentucky">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCracken_County,_Kentucky" title="McCracken County, Kentucky">McCracken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCreary_County,_Kentucky" title="McCreary County, Kentucky">McCreary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLean_County,_Kentucky" title="McLean County, Kentucky">McLean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meade_County,_Kentucky" title="Meade County, Kentucky">Meade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menifee_County,_Kentucky" title="Menifee County, Kentucky">Menifee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercer_County,_Kentucky" title="Mercer County, Kentucky">Mercer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metcalfe_County,_Kentucky" title="Metcalfe County, Kentucky">Metcalfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_Kentucky" title="Monroe County, Kentucky">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Kentucky" title="Montgomery County, Kentucky">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_County,_Kentucky" title="Morgan County, Kentucky">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhlenberg_County,_Kentucky" title="Muhlenberg County, Kentucky">Muhlenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_County,_Kentucky" title="Nelson County, Kentucky">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_County,_Kentucky" title="Nicholas County, Kentucky">Nicholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_County,_Kentucky" title="Ohio County, Kentucky">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldham_County,_Kentucky" title="Oldham County, Kentucky">Oldham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_County,_Kentucky" title="Owen County, Kentucky">Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owsley_County,_Kentucky" title="Owsley County, Kentucky">Owsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendleton_County,_Kentucky" title="Pendleton County, Kentucky">Pendleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_County,_Kentucky" title="Perry County, Kentucky">Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pike_County,_Kentucky" title="Pike County, Kentucky">Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powell_County,_Kentucky" title="Powell County, Kentucky">Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulaski_County,_Kentucky" title="Pulaski County, Kentucky">Pulaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robertson_County,_Kentucky" title="Robertson County, Kentucky">Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockcastle_County,_Kentucky" title="Rockcastle County, Kentucky">Rockcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowan_County,_Kentucky" title="Rowan County, Kentucky">Rowan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_County,_Kentucky" title="Russell County, Kentucky">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_County,_Kentucky" title="Scott County, Kentucky">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelby_County,_Kentucky" title="Shelby County, Kentucky">Shelby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simpson_County,_Kentucky" title="Simpson County, Kentucky">Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_County,_Kentucky" title="Spencer County, Kentucky">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_County,_Kentucky" title="Taylor County, Kentucky">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todd_County,_Kentucky" title="Todd County, Kentucky">Todd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trigg_County,_Kentucky" title="Trigg County, Kentucky">Trigg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimble_County,_Kentucky" title="Trimble County, Kentucky">Trimble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_County,_Kentucky" title="Union County, Kentucky">Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_Kentucky" title="Warren County, Kentucky">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Kentucky" title="Washington County, Kentucky">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Kentucky" title="Wayne County, Kentucky">Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webster_County,_Kentucky" title="Webster County, Kentucky">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitley_County,_Kentucky" title="Whitley County, Kentucky">Whitley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfe_County,_Kentucky" title="Wolfe County, Kentucky">Wolfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodford_County,_Kentucky" title="Woodford County, Kentucky">Woodford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_Kentucky.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kentucky.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_Kentucky.svg/48px-Flag_of_Kentucky.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_Kentucky.svg/64px-Flag_of_Kentucky.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Kentucky" title="Portal:Kentucky">Kentucky portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County_seats_in_Kentucky" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kentucky_county_seats" title="Template:Kentucky county seats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kentucky_county_seats" title="Template talk:Kentucky county seats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kentucky_county_seats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kentucky county seats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County_seats_in_Kentucky" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">County seats in <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albany,_Kentucky" title="Albany, Kentucky">Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Kentucky" title="Alexandria, Kentucky">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbourville,_Kentucky" title="Barbourville, Kentucky">Barbourville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardstown,_Kentucky" title="Bardstown, Kentucky">Bardstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardwell,_Kentucky" title="Bardwell, Kentucky">Bardwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beattyville,_Kentucky" title="Beattyville, Kentucky">Beattyville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford,_Kentucky" title="Bedford, Kentucky">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benton,_Kentucky" title="Benton, Kentucky">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booneville,_Kentucky" title="Booneville, Kentucky">Booneville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowling_Green,_Kentucky" title="Bowling Green, Kentucky">Bowling Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg,_Kentucky" title="Brandenburg, Kentucky">Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooksville,_Kentucky" title="Brooksville, Kentucky">Brooksville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownsville,_Kentucky" title="Brownsville, Kentucky">Brownsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkesville,_Kentucky" title="Burkesville, Kentucky">Burkesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Kentucky" title="Burlington, Kentucky">Burlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadiz,_Kentucky" title="Cadiz, Kentucky">Cadiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calhoun,_Kentucky" title="Calhoun, Kentucky">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbellsville,_Kentucky" title="Campbellsville, Kentucky">Campbellsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campton,_Kentucky" title="Campton, Kentucky">Campton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle,_Kentucky" title="Carlisle, Kentucky">Carlisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrollton,_Kentucky" title="Carrollton, Kentucky">Carrollton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catlettsburg,_Kentucky" title="Catlettsburg, Kentucky">Catlettsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton,_Kentucky" title="Clinton, Kentucky">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia,_Kentucky" title="Columbia, Kentucky">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covington,_Kentucky" title="Covington, Kentucky">Covington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynthiana,_Kentucky" title="Cynthiana, Kentucky">Cynthiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danville,_Kentucky" title="Danville, Kentucky">Danville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixon,_Kentucky" title="Dixon, Kentucky">Dixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddyville,_Kentucky" title="Eddyville, Kentucky">Eddyville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmonton,_Kentucky" title="Edmonton, Kentucky">Edmonton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabethtown,_Kentucky" title="Elizabethtown, Kentucky">Elizabethtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elkton,_Kentucky" title="Elkton, Kentucky">Elkton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falmouth,_Kentucky" title="Falmouth, Kentucky">Falmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemingsburg,_Kentucky" title="Flemingsburg, Kentucky">Flemingsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfort,_Kentucky" title="Frankfort, Kentucky">Frankfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin,_Kentucky" title="Franklin, Kentucky">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frenchburg,_Kentucky" title="Frenchburg, Kentucky">Frenchburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgetown,_Kentucky" title="Georgetown, Kentucky">Georgetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow,_Kentucky" title="Glasgow, Kentucky">Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grayson,_Kentucky" title="Grayson, Kentucky">Grayson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greensburg,_Kentucky" title="Greensburg, Kentucky">Greensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenup,_Kentucky" title="Greenup, Kentucky">Greenup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenville,_Kentucky" title="Greenville, Kentucky">Greenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardinsburg,_Kentucky" title="Hardinsburg, Kentucky">Hardinsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlan,_Kentucky" title="Harlan, Kentucky">Harlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrodsburg,_Kentucky" title="Harrodsburg, Kentucky">Harrodsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Kentucky" title="Hartford, Kentucky">Hartford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawesville,_Kentucky" title="Hawesville, Kentucky">Hawesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazard,_Kentucky" title="Hazard, Kentucky">Hazard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henderson,_Kentucky" title="Henderson, Kentucky">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hickman,_Kentucky" title="Hickman, Kentucky">Hickman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindman,_Kentucky" title="Hindman, Kentucky">Hindman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hodgenville,_Kentucky" title="Hodgenville, Kentucky">Hodgenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopkinsville,_Kentucky" title="Hopkinsville, Kentucky">Hopkinsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyden,_Kentucky" title="Hyden, Kentucky">Hyden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence,_Kentucky" title="Independence, Kentucky">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inez,_Kentucky" title="Inez, Kentucky">Inez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvine,_Kentucky" title="Irvine, Kentucky">Irvine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Kentucky" title="Jackson, Kentucky">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Kentucky" title="Jamestown, Kentucky">Jamestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Grange,_Kentucky" title="La Grange, Kentucky">La Grange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_Kentucky" title="Lancaster, Kentucky">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrenceburg,_Kentucky" title="Lawrenceburg, Kentucky">Lawrenceburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon,_Kentucky" title="Lebanon, Kentucky">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leitchfield,_Kentucky" title="Leitchfield, Kentucky">Leitchfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Kentucky" title="Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty,_Kentucky" title="Liberty, Kentucky">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London,_Kentucky" title="London, Kentucky">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisa,_Kentucky" title="Louisa, Kentucky">Louisa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Louisville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madisonville,_Kentucky" title="Madisonville, Kentucky">Madisonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester,_Kentucky" title="Manchester, Kentucky">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion,_Kentucky" title="Marion, Kentucky">Marion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayfield,_Kentucky" title="Mayfield, Kentucky">Mayfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maysville,_Kentucky" title="Maysville, Kentucky">Maysville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McKee,_Kentucky" title="McKee, Kentucky">McKee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monticello,_Kentucky" title="Monticello, Kentucky">Monticello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morehead,_Kentucky" title="Morehead, Kentucky">Morehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morganfield,_Kentucky" title="Morganfield, Kentucky">Morganfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgantown,_Kentucky" title="Morgantown, Kentucky">Morgantown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Olivet,_Kentucky" title="Mount Olivet, Kentucky">Mount Olivet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sterling,_Kentucky" title="Mount Sterling, Kentucky">Mount Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon,_Kentucky" title="Mount Vernon, Kentucky">Mount Vernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munfordville,_Kentucky" title="Munfordville, Kentucky">Munfordville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray,_Kentucky" title="Murray, Kentucky">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Castle,_Kentucky" title="New Castle, Kentucky">New Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport,_Kentucky" title="Newport, Kentucky">Newport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholasville,_Kentucky" title="Nicholasville, Kentucky">Nicholasville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owensboro,_Kentucky" title="Owensboro, Kentucky">Owensboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owenton,_Kentucky" title="Owenton, Kentucky">Owenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owingsville,_Kentucky" title="Owingsville, Kentucky">Owingsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paducah,_Kentucky" title="Paducah, Kentucky">Paducah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paintsville,_Kentucky" title="Paintsville, Kentucky">Paintsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris,_Kentucky" title="Paris, Kentucky">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pikeville,_Kentucky" title="Pikeville, Kentucky">Pikeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pineville,_Kentucky" title="Pineville, Kentucky">Pineville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prestonsburg,_Kentucky" title="Prestonsburg, Kentucky">Prestonsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton,_Kentucky" title="Princeton, Kentucky">Princeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Kentucky" title="Richmond, Kentucky">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russellville,_Kentucky" title="Russellville, Kentucky">Russellville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salyersville,_Kentucky" title="Salyersville, Kentucky">Salyersville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Hook,_Kentucky" title="Sandy Hook, Kentucky">Sandy Hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottsville,_Kentucky" title="Scottsville, Kentucky">Scottsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelbyville,_Kentucky" title="Shelbyville, Kentucky">Shelbyville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepherdsville,_Kentucky" title="Shepherdsville, Kentucky">Shepherdsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithland,_Kentucky" title="Smithland, Kentucky">Smithland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset,_Kentucky" title="Somerset, Kentucky">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Kentucky" title="Springfield, Kentucky">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford,_Kentucky" title="Stanford, Kentucky">Stanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanton,_Kentucky" title="Stanton, Kentucky">Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylorsville,_Kentucky" title="Taylorsville, Kentucky">Taylorsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tompkinsville,_Kentucky" title="Tompkinsville, Kentucky">Tompkinsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanceburg,_Kentucky" title="Vanceburg, Kentucky">Vanceburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versailles,_Kentucky" title="Versailles, Kentucky">Versailles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw,_Kentucky" title="Warsaw, Kentucky">Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Liberty,_Kentucky" title="West Liberty, Kentucky">West Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitesburg,_Kentucky" title="Whitesburg, Kentucky">Whitesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitley_City,_Kentucky" title="Whitley City, Kentucky">Whitley City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wickliffe,_Kentucky" title="Wickliffe, Kentucky">Wickliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Kentucky" title="Williamsburg, Kentucky">Williamsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamstown,_Kentucky" title="Williamstown, Kentucky">Williamstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester,_Kentucky" title="Winchester, Kentucky">Winchester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_Kentucky.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kentucky.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_Kentucky.svg/48px-Flag_of_Kentucky.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_Kentucky.svg/64px-Flag_of_Kentucky.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Kentucky" title="Portal:Kentucky">Kentucky portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="30_most_populous_cities_of_Kentucky" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Largest_cities_of_Kentucky" title="Template:Largest cities of Kentucky"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Largest_cities_of_Kentucky" title="Template talk:Largest cities of Kentucky"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Largest_cities_of_Kentucky" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Largest cities of Kentucky"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="30_most_populous_cities_of_Kentucky" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">30 <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Kentucky" title="List of cities in Kentucky">most populous cities of Kentucky</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 13em;"> <ol><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Louisville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Kentucky" title="Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowling_Green,_Kentucky" title="Bowling Green, Kentucky">Bowling Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owensboro,_Kentucky" title="Owensboro, Kentucky">Owensboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covington,_Kentucky" title="Covington, Kentucky">Covington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgetown,_Kentucky" title="Georgetown, Kentucky">Georgetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Kentucky" title="Richmond, Kentucky">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence,_Kentucky" title="Florence, Kentucky">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabethtown,_Kentucky" title="Elizabethtown, Kentucky">Elizabethtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopkinsville,_Kentucky" title="Hopkinsville, Kentucky">Hopkinsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholasville,_Kentucky" title="Nicholasville, Kentucky">Nicholasville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence,_Kentucky" title="Independence, Kentucky">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfort,_Kentucky" title="Frankfort, Kentucky">Frankfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffersontown,_Kentucky" title="Jeffersontown, Kentucky">Jeffersontown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henderson,_Kentucky" title="Henderson, Kentucky">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paducah,_Kentucky" title="Paducah, Kentucky">Paducah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radcliff,_Kentucky" title="Radcliff, Kentucky">Radcliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashland,_Kentucky" title="Ashland, Kentucky">Ashland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlanger,_Kentucky" title="Erlanger, Kentucky">Erlanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madisonville,_Kentucky" title="Madisonville, Kentucky">Madisonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester,_Kentucky" title="Winchester, Kentucky">Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Washington,_Kentucky" title="Mount Washington, Kentucky">Mount Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Matthews,_Kentucky" title="St. Matthews, Kentucky">St. Matthews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Thomas,_Kentucky" title="Fort Thomas, Kentucky">Fort Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray,_Kentucky" title="Murray, Kentucky">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelbyville,_Kentucky" title="Shelbyville, Kentucky">Shelbyville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danville,_Kentucky" title="Danville, Kentucky">Danville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shively,_Kentucky" title="Shively, Kentucky">Shively</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berea,_Kentucky" title="Berea, Kentucky">Berea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow,_Kentucky" title="Glasgow, Kentucky">Glasgow</a></li></ol> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Southern_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Southern_United_States" title="Template:Southern United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Southern_United_States" title="Template talk:Southern United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Southern_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Southern United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Southern_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Southern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Southern United States">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Southern_United_States" title="Culture of the Southern United States">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_American_English" title="Southern American English">Dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States#Economy" title="Southern United States">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States#Geography" title="Southern United States">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Southern_United_States" title="Politics of the Southern United States">Government and politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Southern_United_States" title="History of the Southern United States">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States#Sports" title="Southern United States">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Southerners" title="Black Southerners">Black Southerners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Southerners" title="White Southerners">White Southerners</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">Federal districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">Major cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston (SC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston,_West_Virginia" title="Charleston, West Virginia">Charleston (WV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greensboro,_North_Carolina" title="Greensboro, North Carolina">Greensboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton,_Virginia" title="Hampton, Virginia">Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hialeah,_Florida" title="Hialeah, Florida">Hialeah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama">Huntsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacksonville,_Florida" title="Jacksonville, Florida">Jacksonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Rock,_Arkansas" title="Little Rock, Arkansas">Little Rock</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Louisville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_News,_Virginia" title="Newport News, Virginia">Newport News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth,_Virginia" title="Portsmouth, Virginia">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg,_Florida" title="St. Petersburg, Florida">St. Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampa,_Florida" title="Tampa, Florida">Tampa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma">Tulsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Beach,_Virginia" title="Virginia Beach, Virginia">Virginia Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_Delaware" title="Wilmington, Delaware">Wilmington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston-Salem,_North_Carolina" title="Winston-Salem, North Carolina">Winston-Salem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">State capitals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annapolis,_Maryland" title="Annapolis, Maryland">Annapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge,_Louisiana" title="Baton Rouge, Louisiana">Baton Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston,_West_Virginia" title="Charleston, West Virginia">Charleston (WV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dover,_Delaware" title="Dover, Delaware">Dover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfort,_Kentucky" title="Frankfort, Kentucky">Frankfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Rock,_Arkansas" title="Little Rock, Arkansas">Little Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery,_Alabama" title="Montgomery, Alabama">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallahassee,_Florida" title="Tallahassee, Florida">Tallahassee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Great_Lakes_megalopolis_as_defined_by_the_RPA" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Great_Lakes_Megalopolis" title="Template:Great Lakes Megalopolis"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Great_Lakes_Megalopolis" title="Template talk:Great Lakes Megalopolis"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Great_Lakes_Megalopolis" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Great Lakes Megalopolis"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Great_Lakes_megalopolis_as_defined_by_the_RPA" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_megalopolis" title="Great Lakes megalopolis">Great Lakes megalopolis</a> as defined by the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Plan_Association" title="Regional Plan Association">RPA</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Includes all metropolitan areas that have a population of 150,000 or greater according to the most recent national census.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Great Lakes region cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brantford" title="Brantford">Brantford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo%E2%80%93Niagara_Falls_metropolitan_area" title="Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area"> Buffalo–Niagara Falls</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls,_New_York" title="Niagara Falls, New York">Niagara Falls</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_metropolitan_area" title="Chicago metropolitan area">Chicago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Cleveland" title="Greater Cleveland">Cleveland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Detroit" title="Metro Detroit">Detroit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_Ports" title="Twin Ports">Duluth–Superior</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duluth,_Minnesota" title="Duluth, Minnesota">Duluth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior,_Wisconsin" title="Superior, Wisconsin">Superior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erie%E2%80%93Meadville,_PA_Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Erie–Meadville, PA Combined Statistical Area">Erie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erie,_Pennsylvania" title="Erie, Pennsylvania">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids_metropolitan_area" title="Grand Rapids metropolitan area">Grand Rapids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan" title="Grand Rapids, Michigan">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guelph" title="Guelph">Guelph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Bay_metropolitan_area" title="Green Bay metropolitan area">Green Bay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_Bay,_Wisconsin" title="Green Bay, Wisconsin">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holland,_Michigan" title="Holland, Michigan">Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalamazoo%E2%80%93Portage_metropolitan_area" title="Kalamazoo–Portage metropolitan area">Kalamazoo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalamazoo,_Michigan" title="Kalamazoo, Michigan">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenosha,_Wisconsin" title="Kenosha, Wisconsin">Kenosha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lansing%E2%80%93East_Lansing_metropolitan_area" title="Lansing–East Lansing metropolitan area">Lansing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan" title="Lansing, Michigan">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London,_Ontario" title="London, Ontario">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_metropolitan_area" title="Milwaukee metropolitan area">Milwaukee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muskegon,_Michigan" title="Muskegon, Michigan">Muskegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_Niagara" title="Regional Municipality of Niagara">Niagara Region</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Catharines" title="St. Catharines">St. Catharines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls,_Ontario" title="Niagara Falls, Ontario">Niagara Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welland,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Welland, Ontario">Welland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niles,_Michigan" title="Niles, Michigan">Niles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oshawa" title="Oshawa">Oshawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester_metropolitan_area,_New_York" title="Rochester metropolitan area, New York">Rochester, New York</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bend%E2%80%93Mishawaka_metropolitan_area" title="South Bend–Mishawaka metropolitan area">South Bend</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Bend,_Indiana" title="South Bend, Indiana">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay" title="Thunder Bay">Thunder Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo_metropolitan_area" title="Toledo metropolitan area">Toledo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Toronto_Area" title="Greater Toronto Area">Toronto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traverse_City_metropolitan_area" title="Traverse City metropolitan area">Traverse City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traverse_City,_Michigan" title="Traverse City, Michigan">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_Waterloo" title="Regional Municipality of Waterloo">Waterloo Region</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchener,_Ontario" title="Kitchener, Ontario">Kitchener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Ontario" title="Cambridge, Ontario">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterloo,_Ontario" title="Waterloo, Ontario">Waterloo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/ChiPitts_megaregion.png/145px-ChiPitts_megaregion.png" decoding="async" width="145" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/ChiPitts_megaregion.png/218px-ChiPitts_megaregion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/ChiPitts_megaregion.png/290px-ChiPitts_megaregion.png 2x" data-file-width="1188" data-file-height="704" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surrounding cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akron_metropolitan_area" title="Akron metropolitan area">Akron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akron,_Ohio" title="Akron, Ohio">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altoona,_Pennsylvania" title="Altoona, Pennsylvania">Altoona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan" title="Ann Arbor, Michigan">Ann Arbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrie" title="Barrie">Barrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomington_metropolitan_area,_Indiana" title="Bloomington metropolitan area, Indiana">Bloomington, Indiana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Indiana" title="Bloomington, Indiana">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomington%E2%80%93Normal" title="Bloomington–Normal">Bloomington–Normal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Illinois" title="Bloomington, Illinois">Bloomington, Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normal,_Illinois" title="Normal, Illinois">Normal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton%E2%80%93Massillon,_Ohio,_metropolitan_area" title="Canton–Massillon, Ohio, metropolitan area">Canton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canton,_Ohio" title="Canton, Ohio">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champaign%E2%80%93Urbana_metropolitan_area" title="Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area">Champaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Champaign,_Illinois" title="Champaign, Illinois">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_metropolitan_area" title="Cincinnati metropolitan area">Cincinnati</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_metropolitan_area,_Ohio" title="Columbus metropolitan area, Ohio">Columbus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton_metropolitan_area" title="Dayton metropolitan area">Dayton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eau_Claire%E2%80%93Chippewa_Falls_metropolitan_area" title="Eau Claire–Chippewa Falls metropolitan area">Eau Claire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eau_Claire,_Wisconsin" title="Eau Claire, Wisconsin">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elkhart,_Indiana" title="Elkhart, Indiana">Elkhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evansville_metropolitan_area" title="Evansville metropolitan area">Evansville</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evansville,_Indiana" title="Evansville, Indiana">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fargo%E2%80%93Moorhead" title="Fargo–Moorhead">Fargo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fargo,_North_Dakota" title="Fargo, North Dakota">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint,_Michigan" title="Flint, Michigan">Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_IN_Metropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Wayne, IN Metropolitan Statistical Area">Fort Wayne</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Cities" title="Fox Cities">Fox Cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appleton,_Wisconsin" title="Appleton, Wisconsin">Appleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oshkosh,_Wisconsin" title="Oshkosh, Wisconsin">Oshkosh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_metropolitan_area" title="Indianapolis metropolitan area">Indianapolis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Michigan" title="Jackson, Michigan">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janesville,_Wisconsin" title="Janesville, Wisconsin">Janesville</a>–<a href="/wiki/Beloit,_Wisconsin" title="Beloit, Wisconsin">Beloit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kankakee-Bourbonnais-Bradley,_IL_MSA" class="mw-redirect" title="Kankakee-Bourbonnais-Bradley, IL MSA">Kankakee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kankakee,_Illinois" title="Kankakee, Illinois">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Ontario" title="Kingston, Ontario">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Crosse%E2%80%93Onalaska" title="La Crosse–Onalaska">La Crosse–Onalaska</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Crosse,_Wisconsin" title="La Crosse, Wisconsin">La Crosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onalaska,_Wisconsin" title="Onalaska, Wisconsin">Onalaska</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_metropolitan_area,_Indiana" title="Lafayette metropolitan area, Indiana">Lafayette</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette,_Indiana" title="Lafayette, Indiana">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_metropolitan_area" title="Madison metropolitan area">Madison</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahoning_Valley" title="Mahoning Valley">Mahoning Valley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Youngstown,_Ohio" title="Youngstown, Ohio">Youngstown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul" title="Minneapolis–Saint Paul">Minneapolis–Saint Paul</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Montreal" title="Greater Montreal">Greater Montreal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laval,_Quebec" title="Laval, Quebec">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longueuil" title="Longueuil">Longueuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Region_(Canada)" title="National Capital Region (Canada)">National Capital Region</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatineau" title="Gatineau">Gatineau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh%E2%80%93New_Castle%E2%80%93Weirton_combined_statistical_area" title="Pittsburgh–New Castle–Weirton combined statistical area">Pittsburgh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoria_metropolitan_area,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Peoria metropolitan area, Illinois">Peoria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peoria,_Illinois" title="Peoria, Illinois">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough,_Ontario" title="Peterborough, Ontario">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockford_metropolitan_area,_Illinois" title="Rockford metropolitan area, Illinois">Rockford</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rockford,_Illinois" title="Rockford, Illinois">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester_metropolitan_area,_Minnesota" title="Rochester metropolitan area, Minnesota">Rochester, Minnesota</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Minnesota" title="Rochester, Minnesota">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saguenay,_Quebec" title="Saguenay, Quebec">Saguenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Cloud,_Minnesota_metropolitan_area" title="St. Cloud, Minnesota metropolitan area">St. Cloud</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Cloud,_Minnesota" title="St. Cloud, Minnesota">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saginaw,_Midland,_and_Bay_City_metropolitan_area" title="Saginaw, Midland, and Bay City metropolitan area">Saginaw</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saginaw,_Michigan" title="Saginaw, Michigan">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_Falls_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Sioux Falls metropolitan area">Sioux Falls</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_Falls,_South_Dakota" title="Sioux Falls, South Dakota">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield_metropolitan_area,_Illinois" title="Springfield metropolitan area, Illinois">Springfield</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury">Sudbury</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_neighbourhoods_of_Sudbury" title="Urban neighbourhoods of Sudbury">urban neighbourhoods</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse_metropolitan_area" title="Syracuse metropolitan area">Syracuse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_New_York" title="Syracuse, New York">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terre_Haute_metropolitan_area" title="Terre Haute metropolitan area">Terre Haute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terre_Haute,_Indiana" title="Terre Haute, Indiana">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res" title="Trois-Rivières">Trois-Rivières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utica%E2%80%93Rome_metropolitan_area" title="Utica–Rome metropolitan area">Utica–Rome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Utica,_New_York" title="Utica, New York">Utica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome,_New_York" title="Rome, New York">Rome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quad_Cities" title="Quad Cities">Quad Cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bettendorf,_Iowa" title="Bettendorf, Iowa">Bettendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davenport,_Iowa" title="Davenport, Iowa">Davenport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Moline,_Illinois" title="East Moline, Illinois">East Moline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moline,_Illinois" title="Moline, Illinois">Moline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Island,_Illinois" title="Rock Island, Illinois">Rock Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_City_metropolitan_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec City metropolitan community">Greater Quebec</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">city</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities of states south of region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabethtown_metropolitan_area" title="Elizabethtown metropolitan area">Elizabethtown</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabethtown,_Kentucky" title="Elizabethtown, Kentucky">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_metropolitan_area" title="Kansas City metropolitan area">Kansas City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville_metropolitan_area" title="Louisville metropolitan area">Louisville</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_St._Louis" title="Greater St. Louis">St. Louis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topeka_metropolitan_area,_Kansas" title="Topeka metropolitan area, Kansas">Topeka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Topeka,_Kansas" title="Topeka, Kansas">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheeling_metropolitan_area" title="Wheeling metropolitan area">Wheeling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wheeling,_West_Virginia" title="Wheeling, West Virginia">city</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other metro-regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_City%E2%80%93Windsor_Corridor" title="Quebec City–Windsor Corridor">Quebec City–Windsor Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horseshoe" title="Golden Horseshoe">Golden Horseshoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Toronto_and_Hamilton_Area" title="Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area">Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit%E2%80%93Windsor" title="Detroit–Windsor">Detroit–Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Pittsburgh" title="Greater Pittsburgh">Greater Pittsburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_East" title="Metro East">Metro East</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Megaregions_of_the_United_States" title="Megaregions of the United States">Other megaregions</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="All-America_City_Award_Hall_of_Fame_(1949–2023)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:All-America_City_Award_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:All-America City Award Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:All-America_City_Award_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:All-America City Award Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:All-America_City_Award_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:All-America City Award Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="All-America_City_Award_Hall_of_Fame_(1949–2023)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/All-America_City_Award" title="All-America City Award">All-America City Award</a> Hall of Fame (1949–2023)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Three-time winners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria, VA</a> (1963, 1984, 1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allentown,_Pennsylvania" title="Allentown, Pennsylvania">Allentown, PA</a> (1962, 1974, 1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asheville,_North_Carolina" title="Asheville, North Carolina">Asheville, NC</a> (1951, 1969, 1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Indiana" title="Bloomington, Indiana">Bloomington, IN</a> (1958, 1981, 1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston, MA</a> (1949, 1951, 1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati, OH</a> (1949, 1950, 1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton, OH</a> (1951, 1978, 1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delray_Beach,_Florida" title="Delray Beach, Florida">Delray Beach, FL</a> (1993, 2001, 2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburg,_Texas" title="Edinburg, Texas">Edinburg, TX</a> (1968, 1995, 2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth, TX</a> (1964, 1993, 2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastonia,_North_Carolina" title="Gastonia, North Carolina">Gastonia, NC</a> (1963, 2000, 2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan" title="Grand Rapids, Michigan">Grand Rapids, MI</a> (1949, 1960, 1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hickory,_North_Carolina" title="Hickory, North Carolina">Hickory, NC</a> (1967, 1987, 2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence,_Missouri" title="Independence, Missouri">Independence, MO</a> (1961, 1982, 2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurinburg,_North_Carolina" title="Laurinburg, North Carolina">Laurinburg, NC</a> (1956, 1967, 2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Pleasant,_South_Carolina" title="Mount Pleasant, South Carolina">Mount Pleasant, SC</a> (2010, 2018, 2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk, VA</a> (1959, 2013, 2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester, New York</a> (1981, 1998, 2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seward,_Alaska" title="Seward, Alaska">Seward, AK</a> (1963, 1965, 2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreveport, Louisiana">Shreveport, LA</a> (1953, 1980, 1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerville,_Massachusetts" title="Somerville, Massachusetts">Somerville, MA</a> (1972, 2009, 2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington">Spokane, WA</a> (1975, 2004, 2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacoma,_Washington" title="Tacoma, Washington">Tacoma, WA</a> (1956, 1984, 1998)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Four-time winners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akron,_Ohio" title="Akron, Ohio">Akron, OH</a> (1980, 1981, 1995, 2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage, AK</a> (1956, 1965, 1985, 2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore, MD</a> (1952, 1977, 1991, 2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus, OH</a> (1958, 1987, 1992, 2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayetteville,_North_Carolina" title="Fayetteville, North Carolina">Fayetteville, NC</a> (1985, 2001, 2011, 2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">Fort Wayne, IN</a> (1983, 1998, 2009, 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Island,_Nebraska" title="Grand Island, Nebraska">Grand Island, NE</a> (1955, 1967, 1981, 1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton,_Virginia" title="Hampton, Virginia">Hampton, VA</a> (1972, 2002, 2014, 2023)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Louisville, KY</a> (1963, 1995, 2012, 2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoria,_Illinois" title="Peoria, Illinois">Peoria, IL</a> (1953, 1966, 1989, 2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia, PA</a> (1949, 1951, 1957, 1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockville,_Maryland" title="Rockville, Maryland">Rockville, MD</a> (1954, 1961, 1977, 1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo, OH</a> (1950, 1983, 1984, 1998)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Five-time winners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland, OH</a> (1949, 1982, 1984, 1986, 1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubuque,_Iowa" title="Dubuque, Iowa">Dubuque, IA</a> (2007, 2012, 2013, 2017, 2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso, TX</a> (1969, 2010, 2018, 2020, 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven, CT</a> (1958, 1998, 2003, 2008, 2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockton,_California" title="Stockton, California">Stockton, CA</a> (1999, 2004, 2015, 2017, 2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupelo,_Mississippi" title="Tupelo, Mississippi">Tupelo, MS</a> (1967, 1989, 1999, 2011, 2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita, KS</a> (1961, 1993, 1999, 2009, 2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester, MA</a> (1949, 1960, 1965, 1981, 2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Six-time winners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines, IA</a> (1949, 1977, 1982, 2003, 2010, 2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, AZ</a> (1950, 1958, 1980, 1989, 2009, 2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seven-time winners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City, MO</a> (1950, 1951, 1986, 1994, 2006, 2017, 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roanoke,_Virginia" title="Roanoke, Virginia">Roanoke, VA</a> (1952, 1979, 1982, 1988, 1996, 2012, 2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nine-time winners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio, TX</a> (1949, 1951, 1983, 2012, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2022, 2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_100_most_populous_cities_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USPopulousCities" title="Template:USPopulousCities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USPopulousCities" title="Template talk:USPopulousCities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USPopulousCities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USPopulousCities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_100_most_populous_cities_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">100 most populous cities</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago, Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacksonville,_Florida" title="Jacksonville, Florida">Jacksonville, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis, Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle, Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver, Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City, Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston, Massachusetts</a></li> </ol> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol start="26"> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Louisville, Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit, Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore, Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee, Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque, New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California">Fresno, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesa,_Arizona" title="Mesa, Arizona">Mesa, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City, Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta, Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Springs,_Colorado" title="Colorado Springs, Colorado">Colorado Springs, Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha, Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Beach,_Virginia" title="Virginia Beach, Virginia">Virginia Beach, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis, Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma">Tulsa, Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakersfield,_California" title="Bakersfield, California">Bakersfield, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampa,_Florida" title="Tampa, Florida">Tampa, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita, Kansas</a></li> </ol> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol start="51"> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Texas" title="Arlington, Texas">Arlington, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora,_Colorado" title="Aurora, Colorado">Aurora, Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans, Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaheim,_California" title="Anaheim, California">Anaheim, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu, Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henderson,_Nevada" title="Henderson, Nevada">Henderson, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockton,_California" title="Stockton, California">Stockton, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside,_California" title="Riverside, California">Riverside, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Kentucky" title="Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington, Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi,_Texas" title="Corpus Christi, Texas">Corpus Christi, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvine,_California" title="Irvine, California">Irvine, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana,_California" title="Santa Ana, California">Santa Ana, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark, New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul, Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greensboro,_North_Carolina" title="Greensboro, North Carolina">Greensboro, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln, Nebraska">Lincoln, Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham,_North_Carolina" title="Durham, North Carolina">Durham, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plano,_Texas" title="Plano, Texas">Plano, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage, Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City, New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis, Missouri</a></li> </ol> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol start="76"> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandler,_Arizona" title="Chandler, Arizona">Chandler, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Las_Vegas,_Nevada" title="North Las Vegas, Nevada">North Las Vegas, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chula_Vista,_California" title="Chula Vista, California">Chula Vista, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert,_Arizona" title="Gilbert, Arizona">Gilbert, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reno,_Nevada" title="Reno, Nevada">Reno, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison, Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">Fort Wayne, Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="Lubbock, Texas">Lubbock, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg,_Florida" title="St. Petersburg, Florida">St. Petersburg, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laredo,_Texas" title="Laredo, Texas">Laredo, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving,_Texas" title="Irving, Texas">Irving, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake,_Virginia" title="Chesapeake, Virginia">Chesapeake, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glendale,_Arizona" title="Glendale, Arizona">Glendale, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston-Salem,_North_Carolina" title="Winston-Salem, North Carolina">Winston-Salem, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottsdale,_Arizona" title="Scottsdale, Arizona">Scottsdale, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garland,_Texas" title="Garland, Texas">Garland, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho">Boise, Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_St._Lucie,_Florida" title="Port St. Lucie, Florida">Port St. Lucie, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington">Spokane, Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fremont,_California" title="Fremont, California">Fremont, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama">Huntsville, Alabama</a></li> </ol> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Cities ranked by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a> population estimates for July 1, 2022.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/19px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/29px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/38px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/29px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:North_America" title="Portal:North America">North America</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_Kentucky.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kentucky.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_Kentucky.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kentucky.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_Kentucky.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kentucky.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Kentucky" title="Portal:Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/19px-COL-city_icon.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/29px-COL-city_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/38px-COL-city_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Cities" title="Portal:Cities">Cities</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43668#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43668#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43668#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/144873293">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1204602/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJB48pcXkHbTD9kTRbpHG3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4138296-1">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79022918">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120489627">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120489627">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0121369&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX459152">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007554954105171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/b21e4552-050d-4c0c-ac5a-031108eb0c47">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/108786862">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10046039">NARA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&oldid=1259566982">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louisville,_Kentucky&oldid=1259566982</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Category:Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville, 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