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mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Mamal rootpage-Mamal skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Neidio i'r cynnwys</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Safle"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Prif ddewislen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prif ddewislen" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prif ddewislen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Prif ddewislen</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Llywio </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hafan" title="Ymweld â'r Hafan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hafan</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Porth_y_Gymuned" title="Pethau i'w gwneud, adnoddau a thudalennau'r gymuned"><span>Porth y Gymuned</span></a></li><li id="n-cafe" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Y_Caffi"><span>Y Caffi</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categori:Materion_cyfoes" title="Gwybodaeth yn gysylltiedig â materion cyfoes"><span>Materion cyfoes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:RecentChanges" title="Rhestr y newidiadau diweddar ar y wici. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Newidiadau diweddar</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:Random" title="Llwytho tudalen ar hap [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Erthygl ar hap</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Cymorth" title="Tudalennau cymorth"><span>Cymorth</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:SpecialPages"><span>Tudalennau arbennig</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hafan" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wicipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-cy.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-cy.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Chwilio Wicipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Chwilio</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Chwilio Wicipedia" aria-label="Chwilio Wicipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Chwilio Wicipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Arbennig:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Chwilio</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Offer personol"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Gwedd"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Newidiwch ymddangosiad maint ffont, lled a lliw y dudalen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gwedd" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gwedd</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=cy.wikipedia.org&uselang=cy" class=""><span>Rhoi</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CreateAccount&returnto=Mamal" title="Rydym yn argymell eich bod yn creu cyfri ac yn menwgofnodi. Fodd bynnag, dydy hyn ddim yn orfodol" class=""><span>Creu cyfrif</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UserLogin&returnto=Mamal" title="Fe'ch anogir i fewngofnodi, er nad oes rhaid gwneud. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Mewngofnodi</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Rhagor o opsiynau" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Offer personol" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Offer personol</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="Dewislen defnyddiwr" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=cy.wikipedia.org&uselang=cy"><span>Rhoi</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Cyfrannu</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CreateAccount&returnto=Mamal" title="Rydym yn argymell eich bod yn creu cyfri ac yn menwgofnodi. Fodd bynnag, dydy hyn ddim yn orfodol"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Creu cyfrif</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UserLogin&returnto=Mamal" title="Fe'ch anogir i fewngofnodi, er nad oes rhaid gwneud. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Mewngofnodi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tudalennau ar gyfer golygyddion allgofnodedig <a href="/wiki/Cymorth:Cyflwyniad" aria-label="Dysgu mwy am olygu"><span>dysgu mwy</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:MyTalk" title="Sgwrs ynglŷn â golygiadau o'r cyfeiriad IP hwn [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Sgwrs</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Safle"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Cynnwys" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cynnwys</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Y dechrau</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Cymru" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cymru"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Cymru</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cymru-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toglo is-adran Cymru</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cymru-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cynhanes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cynhanes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Cynhanes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cynhanes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Llenyddiaeth_a_chelf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Llenyddiaeth_a_chelf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Llenyddiaeth a chelf</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Llenyddiaeth_a_chelf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dosbarthiad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dosbarthiad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Dosbarthiad</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dosbarthiad-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toglo is-adran Dosbarthiad</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dosbarthiad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Diffiniadau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diffiniadau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Diffiniadau</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diffiniadau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dosbarthiad_moleciwlaidd_o_frychiaid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dosbarthiad_moleciwlaidd_o_frychiaid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Dosbarthiad moleciwlaidd o frychiaid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dosbarthiad_moleciwlaidd_o_frychiaid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Esblygiad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Esblygiad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Esblygiad</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Esblygiad-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toglo is-adran Esblygiad</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Esblygiad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gwreiddiau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gwreiddiau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Gwreiddiau</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gwreiddiau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Esblygiad_o_amniotau_hŷn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Esblygiad_o_amniotau_hŷn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Esblygiad o amniotau hŷn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Esblygiad_o_amniotau_hŷn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mamaliaid_cyntaf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mamaliaid_cyntaf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Mamaliaid cyntaf</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mamaliaid_cyntaf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ymddangosiadau_cynharaf_o_nodweddion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ymddangosiadau_cynharaf_o_nodweddion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Ymddangosiadau cynharaf o nodweddion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ymddangosiadau_cynharaf_o_nodweddion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cynnydd_yn_y_mamaliaid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cynnydd_yn_y_mamaliaid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Cynnydd yn y mamaliaid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cynnydd_yn_y_mamaliaid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anatomeg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anatomeg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Anatomeg</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Anatomeg-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toglo is-adran Anatomeg</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Anatomeg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nodweddion_gwahaniaethol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nodweddion_gwahaniaethol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Nodweddion gwahaniaethol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nodweddion_gwahaniaethol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dwyffurfedd_rhywiol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dwyffurfedd_rhywiol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Dwyffurfedd rhywiol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dwyffurfedd_rhywiol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Systemau_biolegol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Systemau_biolegol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Systemau biolegol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Systemau_biolegol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mamaliaid_gwaed_cynnes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mamaliaid_gwaed_cynnes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Mamaliaid gwaed cynnes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mamaliaid_gwaed_cynnes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ymsymudiad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ymsymudiad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Ymsymudiad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ymsymudiad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ar_y_ddaear" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ar_y_ddaear"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.1</span> <span>Ar y ddaear</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ar_y_ddaear-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rhestr_mamaliaid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rhestr_mamaliaid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Rhestr mamaliaid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rhestr_mamaliaid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Darllen_pellach" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Darllen_pellach"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Darllen pellach</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Darllen_pellach-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dolennau_allanol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dolennau_allanol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Dolennau allanol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dolennau_allanol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cyfeiriadau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyfeiriadau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Cyfeiriadau</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyfeiriadau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cynnwys" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Tabl Cynnwys" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toglo'r tabl cynnwys" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toglo'r tabl cynnwys</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mamal</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ewch i erthygl mewn iaith arall. Ar gael mewn 212 iaith" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-212" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">212 iaith</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soogdier" title="Soogdier - Affricaneg" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Soogdier" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Affricaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4ugetiere" title="Säugetiere - Almaeneg y Swistir" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Säugetiere" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg y Swistir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%A1%E1%89%B5_%E1%8A%A0%E1%8C%A5%E1%89%A2" title="ጡት አጥቢ - Amhareg" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጡት አጥቢ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalia" title="Mammalia - Aragoneg" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mammalia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syced%C4%93or" title="Sycedēor - Hen Saesneg" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Sycedēor" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Hen Saesneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%80" title="स्तनपायी - Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="स्तनपायी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ثدييات - Arabeg" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ثدييات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܬܕܝܬܐ - Aramaeg" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܬܕܝܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="بزوليات - Arabeg Moroco" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بزوليات" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arabeg Moroco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ثدييات - Arabeg yr Aifft" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ثدييات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arabeg yr Aifft" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80" title="স্তন্যপায়ী প্ৰাণী - Asameg" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="স্তন্যপায়ী প্ৰাণী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Asameg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalia" title="Mammalia - Astwrianeg" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mammalia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Astwrianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91u%C3%B1uri" title="Ñuñuri - Aymareg" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Ñuñuri" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99m%C9%99lil%C9%99r" title="Məməlilər - Aserbaijaneg" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Məməlilər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Aserbaijaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B1" title="ممه‌لیلر - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ممه‌لیلر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D3%A9%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%80%D2%99%D3%99%D1%80" title="Һөтимәрҙәр - Bashcorteg" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һөтимәрҙәр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashcorteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalia" title="Mammalia - Balïeg" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Mammalia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balïeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spoviecha" title="Spoviecha - Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Spoviecha" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDvier%C4%93" title="Žvierē - Samogiteg" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Žvierē" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogiteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamalya" title="Mamalya - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Mamalya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%87%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Млекакормячыя - Belarwseg" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Млекакормячыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarwseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Сысуны - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сысуны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Бозайници - Bwlgareg" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бозайници" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bwlgareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2" title="मैमल - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मैमल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%80" title="স্তন্যপায়ী - Bengaleg" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্তন্যপায়ী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="འུ་འཐུང་སྲོག་ཆགས། - Tibeteg" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འུ་འཐུང་སྲོག་ཆགས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibeteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronneg" title="Bronneg - Llydaweg" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bronneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Llydaweg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisari" title="Sisari - Bosnieg" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sisari" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Хүхэтэн - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хүхэтэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dan sylw"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mam%C3%ADfers" title="Mamífers - Catalaneg" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mamífers" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C3%B4-%E1%B9%B3%CC%84_d%C3%B4ng-%C5%ADk" title="Buô-ṳ̄ dông-ŭk - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Buô-ṳ̄ dông-ŭk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamipero" title="Mamipero - Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Mamipero" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%BA%E1%8E%B9%E1%8E%B5" title="ᎺᎹᎵ - Tsierocî" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎺᎹᎵ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Tsierocî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="گوانداران - Cwrdeg Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گوانداران" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Cwrdeg Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammiferu" title="Mammiferu - Corseg" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Mammiferu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memeliler" title="Memeliler - Tyrceg y Crimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Memeliler" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Tyrceg y Crimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savci" title="Savci - Tsieceg" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Savci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsieceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%C4%95%D1%82%D0%BF%D0%B5_%D3%B3%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Сĕтпе ӳсекенсем - Tshwfasheg" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сĕтпе ӳсекенсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tshwfasheg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattedyr" title="Pattedyr - Daneg" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pattedyr" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Daneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%C5%8Bk%C9%94bigu" title="Biŋkɔbigu - Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Biŋkɔbigu" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dan sylw"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4ugetiere" title="Säugetiere - Almaeneg" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Säugetiere" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C4%B1%C3%A7ey%C4%B1ni" title="Çıçeyıni - Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Çıçeyıni" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycaki" title="Cycaki - Sorbeg Isaf" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Cycaki" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Sorbeg Isaf" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A3dziviwo" title="Lãdziviwo - Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Lãdziviwo" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C" title="Θηλαστικό - Groeg" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θηλαστικό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Groeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dda"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal - Saesneg" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mammal" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Saesneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dda"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamuloj" title="Mamuloj - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mamuloj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalia" title="Mammalia - Sbaeneg" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mammalia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sbaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imetajad" title="Imetajad - Estoneg" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Imetajad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugaztun" title="Ugaztun - Basgeg" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ugaztun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mam%C3%ADferu" title="Mamíferu - Extremadureg" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Mamíferu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremadureg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پستانداران - Perseg" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پستانداران" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nis%C3%A4kk%C3%A4%C3%A4t" title="Nisäkkäät - Ffinneg" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nisäkkäät" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Ffinneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imet%C3%A4j%C3%A4" title="Imetäjä - Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Imetäjä" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BAgdj%C3%B3r" title="Súgdjór - Ffaröeg" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Súgdjór" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Ffaröeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammif%C3%A8re" title="Mammifère - Ffrangeg" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mammifère" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Ffrangeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamif%C3%A8ro" title="Mamifèro - Arpitaneg" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Mamifèro" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetjdiarten" title="Tetjdiarten - Ffriseg Gogleddol" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tetjdiarten" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Ffriseg Gogleddol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BBchdieren" title="Sûchdieren - Ffriseg y Gorllewin" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sûchdieren" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Ffriseg y Gorllewin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamach" title="Mamach - Gwyddeleg" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mamach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Gwyddeleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmif%C3%A8" title="Manmifè - Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Manmifè" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamal" title="Mamal - Gaeleg yr Alban" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Mamal" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaeleg yr Alban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mam%C3%ADferos" title="Mamíferos - Galisieg" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mamíferos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okamb%C3%BAva" title="Okambúva - Guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Okambúva" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamalia" title="Mamalia - Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Mamalia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheeintagh" title="Sheeintagh - Manaweg" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Sheeintagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manaweg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%B9%B3%CC%8Dt-nen_thung-vu%CC%8Dt" title="Sṳ̍t-nen thung-vu̍t - Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sṳ̍t-nen thung-vu̍t" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9D" title="יונקים - Hebraeg" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יונקים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebraeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="स्तनधारी - Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्तनधारी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal - Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Mammal" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dan sylw"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisavci" title="Sisavci - Croateg" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sisavci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croateg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycaki" title="Cycaki - Sorbeg Uchaf" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Cycaki" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbeg Uchaf" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamif%C3%A8" title="Mamifè - Creol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Mamifè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Creol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dda"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eml%C5%91s%C3%B6k" title="Emlősök - Hwngareg" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Emlősök" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hwngareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Կաթնասուն - Armeneg" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կաթնասուն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammiferos" title="Mammiferos - Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mammiferos" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dda"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamalia" title="Mamalia - Indoneseg" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mamalia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indoneseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammiferes" title="Mammiferes - Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Mammiferes" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamalia" title="Mamalia - Ilocaneg" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Mamalia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Ilocaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Дакхадийнаташ - Ingwsieg" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Дакхадийнаташ" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingwsieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamifero" title="Mamifero - Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mamifero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spend%C3%BDr" title="Spendýr - Islandeg" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Spendýr" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalia" title="Mammalia - Eidaleg" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mammalia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Eidaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%B1%E1%93%B1%E1%92%83%E1%91%8E" title="ᐱᓱᒃᑎ - Inwctitwt" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐱᓱᒃᑎ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inwctitwt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%BA%E4%B9%B3%E9%A1%9E" title="哺乳類 - Japaneeg" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="哺乳類" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japaneeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamal" title="Mamal - Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Mamal" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/mabru" title="mabru - Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="mabru" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamalia" title="Mamalia - Jafanaeg" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mamalia" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jafanaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AB%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AB%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AC%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ძუძუმწოვრები - Georgeg" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ძუძუმწოვრები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timsu%E1%B9%ADad" title="Timsuṭad - Cabileg" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Timsuṭad" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Cabileg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BF%D3%80%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%80" title="ШэрыпӀхэр - Cabardieg" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="ШэрыпӀхэр" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Cabardieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kp%C9%A9n%C9%9B_h%C9%A9%C9%96%C9%9B_%C3%B1%C9%A9n%C9%96%C9%9B" title="Kpɩnɛ hɩɖɛ ñɩnɖɛ - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kpɩnɛ hɩɖɛ ñɩnɖɛ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyama_ya_mabele" title="Nyama ya mabele - Congo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Nyama ya mabele" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Congo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal - Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Mammal" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D1%82%D2%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Сүтқоректілер - Casacheg" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сүтқоректілер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Casacheg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%90%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C" title="ថនិកសត្វ - Chmereg" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ថនិកសត្វ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Chmereg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF" title="ಸಸ್ತನಿ - Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಸ್ತನಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EC%9C%A0%EB%A5%98" title="포유류 - Coreeg" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포유류" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Coreeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%D3%A7%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Нимӧтчиссез - Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Нимӧтчиссез" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%84%D9%85%D9%8E%D9%84_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1" title="مۄمَل جانور - Cashmireg" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="مۄمَل جانور" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Cashmireg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guhandar" title="Guhandar - Cwrdeg" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Guhandar" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Cwrdeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronnvil" title="Bronnvil - Cernyweg" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Bronnvil" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cernyweg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D1%82_%D1%8D%D0%BC%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%87%D2%AF" title="Сүт эмүүчү - Cirgiseg" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Сүт эмүүчү" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Cirgiseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalia" title="Mammalia - Lladin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mammalia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Lladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamend%C3%A9ieren" title="Mamendéieren - Lwcsembwrgeg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mamendéieren" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Lwcsembwrgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%85%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80" title="Некхъвадайбур - Lezgheg" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Некхъвадайбур" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezgheg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamal" title="Mamal - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Mamal" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoogdiere" title="Zoogdiere - Limbwrgeg" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Zoogdiere" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limbwrgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalia" title="Mammalia - Ligwreg" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Mammalia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligwreg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamifer" title="Mamifer - Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Mamifer" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamifer" title="Mamifer - Lombardeg" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Mamifer" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyama_ya_mab%C9%9B%CC%81l%C9%9B" title="Nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ - Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B3%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1" title="ສັດລ້ຽງລູກດ້ວຍນ້ຳນົມ - Laoeg" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສັດລ້ຽງລູກດ້ວຍນ້ຳນົມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laoeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDinduoliai" title="Žinduoliai - Lithwaneg" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Žinduoliai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithwaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C4%ABd%C4%ABt%C4%81ji" title="Zīdītāji - Latfieg" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Zīdītāji" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latfieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamalia" title="Mamalia - Madwreg" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Mamalia" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madwreg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="स्तनधारी प्राणी - Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="स्तनधारी प्राणी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B9%D1%85%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Лофцта потяйхтне - Mocsia" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Лофцта потяйхтне" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Mocsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biby_mampinono" title="Biby mampinono - Malagaseg" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Biby mampinono" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagaseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D3%A7%D1%80_%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%88%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BE" title="Шӧр пукшышо - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Шӧр пукшышо" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whakangote" title="Whakangote - Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Whakangote" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binatang_manyusuan" title="Binatang manyusuan - Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Binatang manyusuan" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8" title="Цицачи - Macedoneg" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Цицачи" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF" title="സസ്തനി - Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സസ്തനി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%A9%D1%85%D1%82%D3%A9%D0%BD" title="Хөхтөн - Mongoleg" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хөхтөн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongoleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="सस्तन प्राणी - Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सस्तन प्राणी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D3%B9%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%88%D1%8B_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%93" title="Шӹшер качшы вольыквлӓ - Mari Gorllewinol" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Шӹшер качшы вольыквлӓ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Mari Gorllewinol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamalia" title="Mamalia - Maleieg" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mamalia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammiferu" title="Mammiferu - Malteg" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Mammiferu" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB" title="နို့တိုက်သတ္တဝါ - Byrmaneg" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နို့တိုက်သတ္တဝါ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Byrmaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="کاله‌دارون - Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کاله‌دارون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammifere" title="Mammifere - Naplieg" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Mammifere" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Naplieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B6%C3%B6gdeerten" title="Söögdeerten - Almaeneg Isel" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Söögdeerten" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg Isel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoogdeers" title="Zoogdeers - Sacsoneg Isel" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Zoogdeers" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Sacsoneg Isel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="स्तनधारी प्राणी - Nepaleg" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="स्तनधारी प्राणी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dan sylw"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoogdieren" title="Zoogdieren - Iseldireg" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zoogdieren" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Iseldireg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattedyr" title="Pattedyr - Norwyeg Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pattedyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwyeg Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattedyr" title="Pattedyr - Norwyeg Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pattedyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwyeg Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalia" title="Mammalia - Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Mammalia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammif%C3%A9the" title="Mammiféthe - Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Mammiféthe" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidi%C5%82_Daazdo%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD_d%C3%B3%C3%B3_Da%CA%BCa%C5%82t%CA%BCo%CA%BC%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD" title="Bidił Daazdoígíí dóó Daʼałtʼoʼígíí - Nafaho" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Bidił Daazdoígíí dóó Daʼałtʼoʼígíí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Nafaho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalia" title="Mammalia - Ocsitaneg" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mammalia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ocsitaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoosiiftoota" title="Hoosiiftoota - Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Hoosiiftoota" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%80" title="ସ୍ତନ୍ୟପାୟୀ - Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସ୍ତନ୍ୟପାୟୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86%D1%85%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80%C3%A6%D0%B9%D1%85%C3%A6%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Æхсырæйхæсджытæ - Oseteg" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Æхсырæйхæсджытæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Oseteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="ਥਣਧਾਰੀ - Pwnjabeg" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਥਣਧਾਰੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pwnjabeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal - Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Mammal" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4ugetiere" title="Säugetiere - Almaeneg Palatin" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Säugetiere" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg Palatin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ssaki" title="Ssaki - Pwyleg" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ssaki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pwyleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mam%C3%ACfer" title="Mamìfer - Piedmonteg" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Mamìfer" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmonteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%BE%DD%A8_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="تھݨ دار - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تھݨ دار" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%89_%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%83%D9%89_%DA%98%D9%88%D9%8A" title="تى لرونكى ژوي - Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تى لرونكى ژوي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mam%C3%ADferos" title="Mamíferos - Portiwgaleg" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mamíferos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portiwgaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91u%C3%B1uq" title="Ñuñuq - Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ñuñuq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammals" title="Mammals - Románsh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Mammals" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Románsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamifer" title="Mamifer - Rwmaneg" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mamifer" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rwmaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Млекопитающие - Rwseg" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Млекопитающие" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rwseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%86%D1%97" title="Ссавцї - Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ссавцї" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%83" title="सस्तनः - Sansgrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="सस्तनः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sansgrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Кыыл - Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кыыл" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalia" title="Mammalia - Sisileg" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mammalia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisileg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal - Sgoteg" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Mammal" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Sgoteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="مماليا - Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مماليا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisavac" title="Sisavac - Serbo-Croateg" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sisavac" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croateg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94" title="ක්‍ෂීරපායි සත්තු - Sinhaleg" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ක්‍ෂීරපායි සත්තු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mammal" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicavce" title="Cicavce - Slofaceg" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cicavce" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slofaceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesalci" title="Sesalci - Slofeneg" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sesalci" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slofeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamele" title="Mamele - Samöeg" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Mamele" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samöeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njom%C3%A2tteijeeh" title="Njomâtteijeeh - Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Njomâtteijeeh" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzinoyamwisa" title="Dzinoyamwisa - Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Dzinoyamwisa" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naasley" title="Naasley - Somaleg" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Naasley" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjitari" title="Gjitari - Albaneg" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjitari" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Сисари - Serbeg" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сисари" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suugedierte" title="Suugedierte - Ffriseg Saterland" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Suugedierte" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Ffriseg Saterland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamalia" title="Mamalia - Swndaneg" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Mamalia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Swndaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dda"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A4ggdjur" title="Däggdjur - Swedeg" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Däggdjur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamalia" title="Mamalia - Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mamalia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyckocze" title="Cyckocze - Silesieg" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Cyckocze" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/paycucuay" title="paycucuay - Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="paycucuay" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="பாலூட்டி - Tamileg" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாலூட்டி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamileg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="క్షీరదాలు - Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="క్షీరదాలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mam%C3%ADferu" title="Mamíferu - Tetumeg" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Mamíferu" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetumeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%85%D3%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ширхӯрон - Tajiceg" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ширхӯрон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajiceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dan sylw"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1" title="สัตว์เลี้ยงลูกด้วยนม - Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สัตว์เลี้ยงลูกด้วยนม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamalya" title="Mamalya - Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mamalya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamel" title="Mamel - Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Mamel" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memeliler" title="Memeliler - Tyrceg" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Memeliler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tyrceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B7%D2%AF%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Имезүчеләр - Tatareg" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Имезүчеләр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D1%82_%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Сүт чемиштиг амытаннар - Twfwnieg" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Сүт чемиштиг амытаннар" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Twfwnieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D3%A7%D0%B9%D1%88%D1%83%D1%80" title="Пӧйшур - Fotiaceg" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Пӧйшур" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Fotiaceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%86%D1%96" title="Ссавці - Wcreineg" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ссавці" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Wcreineg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81" title="ممالیہ - Wrdw" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ممالیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Wrdw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sut_emizuvchilar" title="Sut emizuvchilar - Wsbeceg" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sut emizuvchilar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Wsbeceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mam%C3%ACfari" title="Mamìfari - Feniseg" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Mamìfari" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Feniseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imetai%C5%BEivatad" title="Imetaiživatad - Feps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Imetaiživatad" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Feps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BB%9Bp_Th%C3%BA" title="Lớp Thú - Fietnameg" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lớp Thú" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Fietnameg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoogb%C3%AAestn" title="Zoogbêestn - Fflemeg Gorllewinol" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Zoogbêestn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="Fflemeg Gorllewinol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCganim" title="Süganim - Folapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Süganim" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Folapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biesse_%C3%A5s_tetes" title="Biesse ås tetes - Walwneg" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Biesse ås tetes" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walwneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalia" title="Mammalia - Winarayeg" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mammalia" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Winarayeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%BA%E4%B9%B3%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="哺乳動物 - Wu Tsieineaidd" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="哺乳動物" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tsieineaidd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%97%D3%99%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Үсын теҗәлтенер - Calmyceg" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Үсын теҗәлтенер" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Calmyceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ბჟაშუმუეფი - Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბჟაშუმუეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%95%D7%99%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="זויגער - Iddew-Almaeneg" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="זויגער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Iddew-Almaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%B8ranko_af%E1%BB%8Dm%C3%BAb%E1%BB%8D%CC%81m%E1%BB%8D" title="Ẹranko afọmúbọ́mọ - Iorwba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ẹranko afọmúbọ́mọ" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Iorwba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doenghduz_nyamhcij" title="Doenghduz nyamhcij - Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Doenghduz nyamhcij" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoogdieren" title="Zoogdieren - Zêlandeg" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Zoogdieren" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zêlandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dda"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%BA%E4%B9%B3%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="哺乳动物 - Tsieinëeg" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="哺乳动物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tsieinëeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chh%C4%AB-leng_t%C5%8Dng-bu%CC%8Dt" title="Chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t - Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%BA%E4%B9%B3%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="哺乳動物 - Cantoneeg" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="哺乳動物" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantoneeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiNcelisi" title="IsiNcelisi - Swlw" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiNcelisi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Swlw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7377#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Golygu dolenni rhyngwici" class="wbc-editpage">Golygu dolenni</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Parthau"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mamal" title="Gweld y dudalen bwnc [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Erthygl</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sgwrs:Mamal" rel="discussion" title="Sgwrsio am y dudalen [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Sgwrs</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Newid amrywiad iaith" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cymraeg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Golygon"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mamal"><span>Darllen</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&veaction=edit" title="Golygu'r dudalen hon [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Golygu</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&action=edit" title="Golygu cod ffynhonnell y dudalen hon [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Golygu cod</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&action=history" title="Fersiynau cynt o'r dudalen hon. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Gweld hanes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Offer tudalen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Blwch offer" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Blwch offer</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Blwch offer</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Rhagor o opsiynau" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Gweithredoedd </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mamal"><span>Darllen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&veaction=edit" title="Golygu'r dudalen hon [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Golygu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&action=edit" title="Golygu cod ffynhonnell y dudalen hon [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Golygu cod</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&action=history"><span>Gweld hanes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cyffredinol </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:WhatLinksHere/Mamal" title="Rhestr o bob tudalen sy'n cysylltu â hon [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Beth sy'n cysylltu yma</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:RecentChangesLinked/Mamal" rel="nofollow" title="Newidiadau diweddar i dudalennau sydd yn cysylltu â hon [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Newidiadau perthnasol</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&oldid=13407318" title="Dolen barhaol i'r fersiwn hwn y dudalen hon"><span>Dolen barhaol</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&action=info" title="Mwy o wybodaeth am y dudalen hon"><span>Gwybodaeth am y dudalen</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CiteThisPage&page=Mamal&id=13407318&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Gwybodaeth ar sut i gyfeirio at y dudalen hon"><span>Cyfeirio at y dudalen hon</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMamal"><span>Cael URL byr</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMamal"><span>Lawrlwytho cod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Argraffu / allforio </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Mamal"><span>Llunio llyfr</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:DownloadAsPdf&page=Mamal&action=show-download-screen"><span>Lawrlwytho fel PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&printable=yes" title="Cynhyrchwch fersiwn o'r dudalen yn barod at ei hargraffu [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Fersiwn argraffu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mewn prosiectau eraill </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mammalia" hreflang="en"><span>Comin Wikimedia</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mammalia" hreflang="en"><span>Wicifywyd</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7377" title="Cysylltu i eitem ystorfa gysylltiedig [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Eitem Wicidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Offer tudalen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Gwedd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gwedd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Oddi ar Wicipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cy" dir="ltr"><div> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255,192,203)">Mamaliaid </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Mammalia_0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Mammalia_0.jpg/250px-Mammalia_0.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Mammalia_0.jpg/375px-Mammalia_0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Mammalia_0.jpg/500px-Mammalia_0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3154" data-file-height="3202" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255,192,203)"><a href="/wiki/Dosbarthiad_gwyddonol" title="Dosbarthiad gwyddonol">Dosbarthiad gwyddonol</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Teyrnas: </td> <td><span class="teyrnas" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Animalia">Animalia</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ffylwm: </td> <td><span class="ffylwm" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Chordata" class="mw-redirect" title="Chordata">Chordata</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Is-ffylwm: </td> <td><span class="is-ffylwm" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Vertebrata" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebrata">Vertebrata</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dosbarth: </td> <td><span class="dosbarth" style="white-space:nowrap;"><b>Mammalia</b></span><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus" title="Carolus Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>, 1758</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255,192,203)"><a href="/wiki/Urdd_(bioleg)" title="Urdd (bioleg)">Urddau</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li>Is-ddosbarth: <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prototheria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prototheria (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Prototheria</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monotremata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monotremata (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Monotremata</a></li></ul></li> <li>Is-ddosbarth: <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theria (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Theria</a></b> <ul><li><i>Infraclassis</i>: <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metatheria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metatheria (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Metatheria</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Didelphimorphia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Didelphimorphia (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Didelphimorphia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paucituberculata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paucituberculata (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Paucituberculata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microbiotheria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Microbiotheria (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Microbiotheria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Notoryctemorphia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Notoryctemorphia (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Notoryctemorphia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dasyuromorphia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dasyuromorphia (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Dasyuromorphia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peramelemorphia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peramelemorphia (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Peramelemorphia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diprotodontia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diprotodontia (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Diprotodontia</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Infraclassis</i>: <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eutheria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eutheria (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Eutheria</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tubulidentata" class="mw-redirect" title="Tubulidentata">Tubulidentata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirenia" title="Sirenia">Sirenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrosoricida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrosoricida (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Afrosoricida</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macroscelidea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macroscelidea (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Macroscelidea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyracoidea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hyracoidea (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Hyracoidea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proboscidea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proboscidea (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Proboscidea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cingulata" class="mw-redirect" title="Cingulata">Cingulata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pilosa (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Pilosa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scandentia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scandentia (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Scandentia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dermoptera" class="mw-redirect" title="Dermoptera">Dermoptera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primates" class="mw-redirect" title="Primates">Primates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodentia" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodentia">Rodentia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagomorpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagomorpha">Lagomorpha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erinaceomorpha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erinaceomorpha (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Erinaceomorpha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soricomorpha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soricomorpha (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Soricomorpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiroptera" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiroptera">Chiroptera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pholidota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pholidota (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Pholidota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnivora" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnivora">Carnivora</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perissodactyla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perissodactyla (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Perissodactyla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artiodactyla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artiodactyla (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Artiodactyla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cetacea" class="mw-redirect" title="Cetacea">Cetacea</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <p>Dosbarth o <a href="/wiki/Fertebrat" title="Fertebrat">anifeiliaid asgwrn-cefn</a> a gwaed cynnes gyda blew neu wallt drostynt yw'r <b>mamaliaid</b> (hefyd: <b>mamolion</b>). Mae gan mamaliaid <a href="/wiki/Chwarren_laeth" title="Chwarren laeth">chwarennau llaeth</a> er mwyn rhoi sugn i'w rhai bychain. Mae angen llawer o fwyd arnynt er mwyn cadw'n gynnes, mwy nag <a href="/wiki/Anifeiliaid_gwaed_oer" class="mw-redirect" title="Anifeiliaid gwaed oer">anifeiliaid gwaed oer</a>. Mae gan y rhan fwyaf ohonynt <a href="/wiki/Blew" title="Blew">flew</a> neu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ffwr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ffwr (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">ffwr</a> ar eu cyrff i gadw'n gynnes, ond does dim ffwr gan <a href="/wiki/Mamal_morol" title="Mamal morol">famaliaid y môr</a>, braster sydd yn eu cadw nhw'n gynnes. Mae'r monotremiaid (h.y. yr <a href="/wiki/Hwyatbig" title="Hwyatbig">hwyatbig</a> a'r <a href="/wiki/Ecidna" title="Ecidna">ecidna</a>) yn dodwy wyau, ond mae'r holl famaliaid eraill yn cael eu geni'n fyw; dyma'r hyn a elwir yn fywesgoredd. </p><p>Mae tua 4000 o wahanol fathau o famaliaid. Gelwir y rhai sydd yn bwyta anifeiliaid eraill yn <a href="/wiki/Cigysydd" title="Cigysydd">gigysyddion</a>, a'r rhai sydd yn bwyta planhigion yn <a href="/wiki/Llysysydd" title="Llysysydd">llysysyddion</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cymru">Cymru</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Golygu'r adran: Cymru" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Cymru"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cynhanes">Cynhanes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Golygu'r adran: Cynhanes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Cynhanes"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ym <a href="/wiki/Bro_Morgannwg" title="Bro Morgannwg">Mro Morgannwg</a> y darganuwyd y dystiolaeth gynharaf o famaliaid yng Nghymru, i'r de o <a href="/wiki/Pen-y-bont_ar_Ogwr" title="Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr">Ben-y-bont ar Ogwr</a> mewn chwareli glo. Yma, yn 1947 y darganfuwyd olion <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morganucodon_watsoni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morganucodon watsoni (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Morganucodon watsoni</a></i>, anifail bychan bach tebyg i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chwistlen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chwistlen (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">chwistlen</a>, a oedd yn byw yno tua 200,000 <a href="/wiki/CP" title="CP">o flynyddoedd yn ôl</a>. Ceir tystiolaeth o esgyrn, <a href="/wiki/Ffosil" title="Ffosil">ffosiliau</a> a chofnodion ysgrifenedig o amser y <a href="/wiki/Cyfnod_y_Rhufeiniaid_yng_Nghymru" title="Cyfnod y Rhufeiniaid yng Nghymru">Rhufeiniaid</a> sy'n taflu golau ar famaliaid sydd wedi hen ddiflannu, rhai cyn hyned a 225,000 CP. Canfuwyd esgyrn llawer o famaliaid anghyffredin heddiw mewn ogofâu yng Ngogledd Cymru hefyd e.e. <a href="/wiki/Ogof_Bontnewydd" title="Ogof Bontnewydd">Ogof Bontnewydd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cefnmeiriadog" class="mw-redirect" title="Cefnmeiriadog">Cefnmeiriadog</a>, Sir Ddinbych. Ymlith y mamaliaid yn <a href="/wiki/Hen_Oes_y_Cerrig" title="Hen Oes y Cerrig">Hen Oes y Cerrig</a> y mae: y <a href="/wiki/Rhinoseros" title="Rhinoseros">rhinoseros</a> gwlanog, y <a href="/wiki/Mamoth" title="Mamoth">mamoth</a>, yr <a href="/wiki/Udfil" title="Udfil">udfil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ceffyl" title="Ceffyl">ceffyl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blaidd" title="Blaidd">blaidd</a> a <a href="/wiki/Bual" title="Bual">bual</a>. Mewn cyfnodau cynhesach (cyn y rhewlifau), roedd yma hefyd y <a href="/wiki/Llew" title="Llew">llew</a> ogof, y rhinoseros trwyngul a'r <a href="/wiki/Eliffant" title="Eliffant">eliffant</a> ysgithrsyth. </p><p>Erbyn <a href="/wiki/Oes_Newydd_y_Cerrig" title="Oes Newydd y Cerrig">Oes Newydd y Cerrig</a>, dylanwadodd <a href="/wiki/Ffermio" class="mw-disambig" title="Ffermio">ffermio</a> ar fywyd mamaliaid a daeth <a href="/wiki/Ci" title="Ci">cŵn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gafr" title="Gafr">geifr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mochyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Mochyn">moch</a> a'r <a href="/wiki/Ceffyl" title="Ceffyl">ceffyl</a> yn anifeiliaid dof. Geifr oedd y mwyaf niferus yng Nghymru - tan ddiwedd yr <a href="/wiki/Oesoedd_Canol" class="mw-redirect" title="Oesoedd Canol">Oesoedd Canol</a>. Er mwyn sicrhau tir pori, cliriwyd llawer o goedydd Cymru - a newidiodd hyn llawer ar yr amgylchedd e.e. o'r boncyffion y daeth y rhan fwyaf o <a href="/wiki/Mawn" title="Mawn">fawnogydd</a> Cymru. Roedd hyn yn dinistrio llawer o gynefinoedd adar a mamaliaid fel <a href="/wiki/Arth" title="Arth">eirth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blaidd" title="Blaidd">bleiddiaid</a> a cheirw. Felly wrth i'r tir amaethyddol gynyddu, lleihaodd y tir gwyllt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Llenyddiaeth_a_chelf">Llenyddiaeth a chelf</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Golygu'r adran: Llenyddiaeth a chelf" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Llenyddiaeth a chelf"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yn yr <a href="/wiki/Hwiangerdd" title="Hwiangerdd">hwiangerdd</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Pais_Dinogad" class="mw-redirect" title="Pais Dinogad">Pais Dinogad</a></i> o'r <a href="/wiki/7g" class="mw-redirect" title="7g">7g</a>, crybwyllir nifer o famaiaid gan gynnwys y <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bele_coed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bele coed (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">bele coed</a>, y <a href="/wiki/Baedd_gwyllt" title="Baedd gwyllt">baedd gwyllt</a>, y <a href="/wiki/Llwynog" title="Llwynog">llwynog</a>, y <a href="/wiki/Cath_wyllt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cath wyllt">gath wyllt</a> a'r <a href="/wiki/Carw" title="Carw">iwrch</a>. Ceir addurniadau o famaliaid yn aml iawn mewn hen <a href="/wiki/Llawysgrif" title="Llawysgrif">lawysgrifau</a>, er mwyn dod a fflach o liw i'r gwaith, a cheir cyfeiriadau at famaliaid yn britho'r <a href="/wiki/Mabinogi" title="Mabinogi">Mabinogi</a> ac oddi fewn i <a href="/wiki/Cyfraith_Hywel_Dda" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyfraith Hywel Dda">gyfreithiau Hywel Dda</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ceir hefyd enwau lleoedd ac afonydd yn cynnwys cyfeiriad at famal arbennig. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dosbarthiad">Dosbarthiad</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Golygu'r adran: Dosbarthiad" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Dosbarthiad"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mae dosbarthu mamaliaid wedi newid cryn dipyn ers i <a href="/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus" title="Carolus Linnaeus">Carl Linnaeus</a> ddiffinio'r dosbarth ac ar hyn o bryd, nid oes unrhyw system ddosbarthu'n cael ei derbyn yn gyffredinol. Mae McKenna & Bell (1997) a Wilson & Reeder (2005) yn darparu crynodebau diweddar defnyddiol.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae Simpson (1945)<sup id="cite_ref-Simpson-1945_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simpson-1945-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yn darparu gwybodaeth am darddiad mamaliaid a'r berthynas rhyngddynt a ddatblygodd hyd at ddiwedd yr <a href="/wiki/20g" class="mw-redirect" title="20g">20g</a>. Fodd bynnag, ers 1945, daethpwyd o hyd i lawer iawn o wybodaeth newydd a manylach yn raddol: mae'r <a href="/wiki/Ffosil" title="Ffosil">cofnod paleontolegol</a> wedi'i ail-raddnodi, ac yn y blynyddoedd ers hynny cafwyd llawer o ddadlau a chynnydd ynghylch seiliau damcaniaethol systemateiddio ei hun, yn rhannol trwy'r cysyniad newydd o gladiniaeth (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cytras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cytras (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">cytras</a>). Er bod gwaith maes a gwaith labordy yn peri i ddosbarthiad Simpson fynd yn hen ffasiwn, dyma'r peth agosaf at ddosbarthiad swyddogol o famaliaid o hyd, er gwaethaf y problemau hysbys.<sup id="cite_ref-Szalay_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Szalay-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mae'r rhan fwyaf o famaliaid, gan gynnwys y chwe <a href="/wiki/Urdd_(bioleg)" title="Urdd (bioleg)">urdd</a> mwyaf cyfoethog o rywogaethau, yn perthyn i'r grŵp brych (brychiaid neu <i>placental</i>). Y tri urdd mwyaf (o ran nifer) o rywogaethau yw </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Cnofil" title="Cnofil">Rodentia</a> (cnofilod): <a href="/wiki/Llygoden" title="Llygoden">llygod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Llygoden_ffyrnig" title="Llygoden ffyrnig">llygod mawr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ballasg" title="Ballasg">ballasg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afanc" title="Afanc">afancod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capybara" title="Capybara">capybaras</a>, a mamaliaid eraill;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ystlum" title="Ystlum">Chiroptera</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ystlum" title="Ystlum">ystlumod</a>; a</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soricomorpha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soricomorpha (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Soricomorpha</a>: <a href="/wiki/Amwythig" title="Amwythig">chwistlod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twrch_daear" title="Twrch daear">tyrchod daear</a>, a gwadnodonau.</li></ol> <p>Y tri urdd mwyaf nesaf, yn dibynnu ar y cynllun dosbarthu biolegol a ddefnyddir, yw'r <a href="/wiki/Primat" title="Primat">primatiaid</a>: <a href="/wiki/Epa" title="Epa">epaod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mwnci" title="Mwnci">mwncïod</a>, a lemyriaid; y Cetartiodactyla: morfilod a charnolion bysedd traed; a'r <a href="/wiki/Ysglyfaethwr" title="Ysglyfaethwr">ysglyfaethwyr</a> sy'n cynnwys <a href="/wiki/Cath" title="Cath">cathod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ci" title="Ci">cwn</a>, gwencïod, <a href="/wiki/Arth" title="Arth">eirth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morlo" title="Morlo">morloi</a>, a chynghreiriaid. Yn ôl <i>Rhywogaethau Mamaliaid y Byd</i>, cofnodwyd 5,416  o rywogaethau yn 2006. Cafodd y rhain eu grwpio yn 1,229 <a href="/wiki/Genws" title="Genws">genera</a>, 153 <a href="/wiki/Teulu_(bioleg)" title="Teulu (bioleg)">teulu</a> a 29 urdd. Yn 2008, cwblhaodd yr <a href="/wiki/Undeb_Rhyngwladol_dros_Gadwraeth_Natur" title="Undeb Rhyngwladol dros Gadwraeth Natur">Undeb Rhyngwladol dros Gadwraeth Natur</a> (IUCN) Asesiad Mamaliaid Byd-eang pum mlynedd ar gyfer ei <a href="/wiki/Rhestr_Goch_yr_IUCN" title="Rhestr Goch yr IUCN">Restr Goch yr IUCN</a>, a oedd yn cyfrif 5,488 rhywogaeth.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yn ôl ymchwil a gyhoeddwyd yn y <i>Journal of Mammalogy</i> yn 2018, roedd nifer y rhywogaethau o famaliaid cydnabyddedig yn 6,495, gan gynnwys 96 wedi eu <a href="/wiki/Difodiant" title="Difodiant">difodi'</a>n ddiweddar.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diffiniadau">Diffiniadau</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Golygu'r adran: Diffiniadau" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Diffiniadau"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mae'r gair <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mammal" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:mammal">mamal</a></i> yn air modern, a ddaw o'r enw gwyddonol <i>Mammalia</i> a fathwyd gan <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Linnaeus">Carl Linnaeus</a> yn 1758, ac sy'n deillio o'r <a href="/wiki/Lladin" title="Lladin">Lladin</a> <i>mamma</i> ‘teth, bron’. Mewn papur dylanwadol ym 1988, diffiniodd Timothy Rowe Mammalia yn ffylogenetig fel grŵp y goron o famaliaid, y <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cytras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cytras (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">cytras</a> sy'n cynnwys hynafiad cyffredin mwyaf diweddar y monotremiaid byw (<a href="/wiki/Ecidna" title="Ecidna">echidnaod</a> ac <a href="/wiki/Hwyatbig" title="Hwyatbig">hwyatbig</a>) a mamaliaid Therian (<a href="/wiki/Marswpial" title="Marswpial">bolgodogion</a> a brychiaid) a holl ddisgynyddion y cyndad hwnnw.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ers i'r hynafiad hwn fyw yn y cyfnod <a href="/wiki/Jwrasig" title="Jwrasig">Jwrasig</a>, mae diffiniad Rowe yn eithrio pob anifail o'r <a href="/wiki/Triasig" title="Triasig">Triasig</a> cynharach, er gwaethaf y ffaith bod ffosiliau Triasig yn yr Haramiyida wedi'u cyfeirio at y Mamaliaid ers canol y 19g.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae <i>Ambondro</i> yn perthyn yn agosach i fonotremiaid nag i famaliaid therian tra bod <i>Amphilestes</i> ac <i>Amphitherium</i> yn perthyn yn agosach i'r therianiaid; gan fod ffosilau o bob un o'r tri genera wedi eu dyddio tua 167 miliwn o flynyddoedd yn ôl yn y Jwrasig Canol, mae hwn yn amcangyfrif rhesymol o ymddangosiad grŵp y goron.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Y synapsid cynharaf y gwyddys amdano sy'n bodloni diffiniadau Kemp yw <i>Tikitherium</i>, dyddiedig 225 miliwn o flynyddoedd CP, felly gellir rhoi'r dyddiad Triasig Diweddar hwn ar ymddangosiad mamaliaid yn yr ystyr ehangach hwn.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Dosbarth Mamalia</b> </p> <ul><li><b>Is-ddosbarth <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prototheria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prototheria (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Prototheria</a></b> : monotremiaid: <a href="/wiki/Ecidna" title="Ecidna">ecidnaod</a> a'r <a href="/wiki/Hwyatbig" title="Hwyatbig">hwyatbig</a></li> <li><b>Is-ddosbarth <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theriiformes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theriiformes (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Theriiformes</a></b> : mamaliaid byw a'u perthnasau cynhanesyddol <ul><li>Is-ddosbarth † Allotheria : multituberculates</li> <li>Is-ddosbarth † Eutriconodonta : eutriconodonts</li> <li>Is-ddosbarth Holotheria : mamaliaid byw modern a'u perthnasau cynhanesyddol <ul><li>Superlegion † Kuehneotheria</li> <li>Supercohort Theria : mamaliaid byw <ul><li>Carfan <a href="/wiki/Marswpial" title="Marswpial">Marsupialia</a> : bolgodogion <ul><li>Magnorder Australidelphia : bolgodogion Awstralia a'r monito del monte</li> <li>Magnorder Ameridelphia : Newydd Bolgodogion y byd. Bellach yn cael ei ystyried yn baraffyletig, gyda opossums craff yn agosach at awstralidelffiaid. <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Carfan brychiaid : y brychiaid <ul><li>Xenarthra Magnorder : xenarthrans</li> <li>Epitheria Magnorder : epitherau <ul><li>† Leptictida</li> <li>Uwchurdd Preptotheria <ul><li>Grandorder Anagalida : <a href="/wiki/Ceinachffurf" title="Ceinachffurf">lagomorffiaid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cnofil" title="Cnofil">cnofilod</a> a chwistlod eliffant</li> <li>Mawredd Ferae : <a href="/wiki/Ysglyfaethwr" title="Ysglyfaethwr">cigysyddion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pangolin" title="Pangolin">pangolinau</a>, † creodontiaid a pherthnasau</li> <li>Grandorder Lipotyphla : pryfetach</li> <li>Grandorder Archonta : <a href="/wiki/Ystlum" title="Ystlum">ystlumod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Primat" title="Primat">primatiaid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colwgo" title="Colwgo">colwgoaid</a> (lemwriaid ehedog) a hyrddiaid coed (sydd bellach yn cael eu hystyried yn baraffyletig, gydag ystlumod yn agosach at grwpiau eraill)</li> <li>Grandorder <a href="/wiki/Carnolyn" title="Carnolyn">Ungulata</a> : carnolion <ul><li>Gorchymyn Tubulidentata <i>incertae sedis</i> : <a href="/wiki/Aardvark" title="Aardvark">grugarth</a></li> <li>Mirorder Eparctocyona : † condylarths, morfilod a charnolion eilrif-fyseddog</li> <li>Mirorder † Meridiungulata : carnolion De America</li> <li>Mirorder Altungulata : carnolion odrif-fyseddog, <a href="/wiki/Eliffant" title="Eliffant">eliffantod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morfuwch" title="Morfuwch">manatïaid</a> ac hyracsod</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dosbarthiad_moleciwlaidd_o_frychiaid">Dosbarthiad moleciwlaidd o frychiaid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Golygu'r adran: Dosbarthiad moleciwlaidd o frychiaid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Dosbarthiad moleciwlaidd o frychiaid"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O ddechrau'r <a href="/wiki/21g" class="mw-redirect" title="21g">21g</a>, mae astudiaethau moleciwlaidd yn seiliedig ar ddadansoddiad <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> wedi awgrymu perthynas newydd ymhlith teuluoedd o famaliaid. Mae'r rhan fwyaf o'r canfyddiadau hyn wedi'u dilysu'n annibynnol gan ddata presenoldeb/absenoldeb ôl-drawsgludo.<sup id="cite_ref-Kriegs2006_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kriegs2006-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ceir systemau dosbarthu sy'n seiliedig ar astudiaethau moleciwlaidd ac sy'n yn datgelu tri phrif grŵp neu linach o famaliaid brychiog - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrotheria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrotheria (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Afrotheria</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xenarthra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xenarthra (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Xenarthra</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boreoeutheria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boreoeutheria (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Boreoeutheria</a> - a ymwahanodd yn y <a href="/wiki/Cretasaidd" title="Cretasaidd">Cretasaidd</a>. Mae'r berthynas rhwng y tair llinach hyn yn ddadleuol, ac mae pob un o'r tair rhagdybiaeth bosibl wedi'u cynnig mewn perthynas â pha grŵp sy'n sylfaenol. Y rhagdybiaethau hyn yw Atlantogenata (Boreoeutheria gwaelodol), Epitheria (Xenarthra gwaelodol) ac Exafroplacentalia (Afrotheria gwaelodol).<sup id="cite_ref-Nishiharaetal2009_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nishiharaetal2009-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae Boreoeutheria yn ei thro yn cynnwys dwy brif linach - Euarchontoglires a Laurasiatheria. </p><p>Mae amcangyfrifon ar gyfer yr amseroedd gwahanu'r tri grŵp brych hyn yn amrywio o 105 i 120 miliwn o flynyddoedd yn ôl (<a href="/wiki/CP" title="CP">CP</a>), yn dibynnu ar y math o DNA a ddefnyddiwyd (fel niwclear neu mitocondriaidd)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a dehongliadau amrywiol o ddata <a href="/wiki/Paleoddaearyddiaeth" title="Paleoddaearyddiaeth">paleoddaearyddol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nishiharaetal2009_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nishiharaetal2009-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="font-size:100%;line-height:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 1.5em; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center;"><span class="nowrap"><b>Mammalia</b></span></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 1.5em; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center;"> <br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monotremata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monotremata (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Monotremata</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Genera_mammalium_Ornithorhynchus_anatinus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ornithorhynchus anatinus"><img alt="Ornithorhynchus anatinus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Genera_mammalium_Ornithorhynchus_anatinus.jpg/50px-Genera_mammalium_Ornithorhynchus_anatinus.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Genera_mammalium_Ornithorhynchus_anatinus.jpg/75px-Genera_mammalium_Ornithorhynchus_anatinus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Genera_mammalium_Ornithorhynchus_anatinus.jpg/100px-Genera_mammalium_Ornithorhynchus_anatinus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1624" data-file-height="478" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top;"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theria (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Theria</a></span></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 1.5em; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center;"> <br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Marsupialia" class="mw-redirect" title="Marsupialia">Marsupialia</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:A_monograph_of_the_Macropodid%C3%A6,_or_family_of_kangaroos_(9398404841)_white_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Macropodidæ"><img alt="Macropodidæ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/A_monograph_of_the_Macropodid%C3%A6%2C_or_family_of_kangaroos_%289398404841%29_white_background.jpg/50px-A_monograph_of_the_Macropodid%C3%A6%2C_or_family_of_kangaroos_%289398404841%29_white_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/A_monograph_of_the_Macropodid%C3%A6%2C_or_family_of_kangaroos_%289398404841%29_white_background.jpg/75px-A_monograph_of_the_Macropodid%C3%A6%2C_or_family_of_kangaroos_%289398404841%29_white_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/A_monograph_of_the_Macropodid%C3%A6%2C_or_family_of_kangaroos_%289398404841%29_white_background.jpg/100px-A_monograph_of_the_Macropodid%C3%A6%2C_or_family_of_kangaroos_%289398404841%29_white_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="494" data-file-height="380" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top;"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Placentalia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Placentalia (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Placentalia</a></span></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 1.5em; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlantogenata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atlantogenata (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Atlantogenata</a></span></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 1.5em; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center;"> <br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrotheria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrotheria (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Afrotheria</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Indian_elephant_white_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Elephas maximus"><img alt="Elephas maximus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Indian_elephant_white_background.jpg/50px-Indian_elephant_white_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Indian_elephant_white_background.jpg/75px-Indian_elephant_white_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Indian_elephant_white_background.jpg/100px-Indian_elephant_white_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1268" data-file-height="924" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Manatee_white_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Trichechus"><img alt="Trichechus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Manatee_white_background.jpg/50px-Manatee_white_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Manatee_white_background.jpg/75px-Manatee_white_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Manatee_white_background.jpg/100px-Manatee_white_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="739" data-file-height="247" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top;"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center;"> <br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xenarthra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xenarthra (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Xenarthra</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Nine-banded-Armadillo_white_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dasypus novemcinctus"><img alt="Dasypus novemcinctus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Nine-banded-Armadillo_white_background.jpg/50px-Nine-banded-Armadillo_white_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Nine-banded-Armadillo_white_background.jpg/75px-Nine-banded-Armadillo_white_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Nine-banded-Armadillo_white_background.jpg/100px-Nine-banded-Armadillo_white_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="443" data-file-height="250" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Natural_history_of_the_animal_kingdom_for_the_use_of_young_people_(Plate_XV)_(Myrmecophaga_tridactyla).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Myrmecophaga tridactyla"><img alt="Myrmecophaga tridactyla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Natural_history_of_the_animal_kingdom_for_the_use_of_young_people_%28Plate_XV%29_%28Myrmecophaga_tridactyla%29.jpg/50px-Natural_history_of_the_animal_kingdom_for_the_use_of_young_people_%28Plate_XV%29_%28Myrmecophaga_tridactyla%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Natural_history_of_the_animal_kingdom_for_the_use_of_young_people_%28Plate_XV%29_%28Myrmecophaga_tridactyla%29.jpg/75px-Natural_history_of_the_animal_kingdom_for_the_use_of_young_people_%28Plate_XV%29_%28Myrmecophaga_tridactyla%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Natural_history_of_the_animal_kingdom_for_the_use_of_young_people_%28Plate_XV%29_%28Myrmecophaga_tridactyla%29.jpg/100px-Natural_history_of_the_animal_kingdom_for_the_use_of_young_people_%28Plate_XV%29_%28Myrmecophaga_tridactyla%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="736" data-file-height="472" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border: 0; padding: 0; vertical-align: top;"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top;"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boreoeutheria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boreoeutheria (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Boreoeutheria</a></span></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 1.5em; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euarchontoglires&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Euarchontoglires (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Euarchontoglires</a></span></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 1.5em; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center;"> <br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euarchonta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Euarchonta (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Euarchonta</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Die_S%C3%A4ugthiere_in_Abbildungen_nach_der_Natur,_mit_Beschreibungen_(Plate_8)_(white_background).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cebus olivaceus"><img alt="Cebus olivaceus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Die_S%C3%A4ugthiere_in_Abbildungen_nach_der_Natur%2C_mit_Beschreibungen_%28Plate_8%29_%28white_background%29.jpg/50px-Die_S%C3%A4ugthiere_in_Abbildungen_nach_der_Natur%2C_mit_Beschreibungen_%28Plate_8%29_%28white_background%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Die_S%C3%A4ugthiere_in_Abbildungen_nach_der_Natur%2C_mit_Beschreibungen_%28Plate_8%29_%28white_background%29.jpg/75px-Die_S%C3%A4ugthiere_in_Abbildungen_nach_der_Natur%2C_mit_Beschreibungen_%28Plate_8%29_%28white_background%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Die_S%C3%A4ugthiere_in_Abbildungen_nach_der_Natur%2C_mit_Beschreibungen_%28Plate_8%29_%28white_background%29.jpg/100px-Die_S%C3%A4ugthiere_in_Abbildungen_nach_der_Natur%2C_mit_Beschreibungen_%28Plate_8%29_%28white_background%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="883" data-file-height="384" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Bechuana_of_Distinction-1841_(white_background).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Homo sapiens"><img alt="Homo sapiens" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bechuana_of_Distinction-1841_%28white_background%29.jpg/50px-Bechuana_of_Distinction-1841_%28white_background%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bechuana_of_Distinction-1841_%28white_background%29.jpg/75px-Bechuana_of_Distinction-1841_%28white_background%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bechuana_of_Distinction-1841_%28white_background%29.jpg/100px-Bechuana_of_Distinction-1841_%28white_background%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="496" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top;"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center;"> <br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glires&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glires (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Glires</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Ruskea_rotta.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Rattus"><img alt="Rattus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Ruskea_rotta.png/50px-Ruskea_rotta.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Ruskea_rotta.png/75px-Ruskea_rotta.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Ruskea_rotta.png/100px-Ruskea_rotta.png 2x" data-file-width="222" data-file-height="110" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Bruno_Liljefors_-_Hare_studies_1885_white_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lepus"><img alt="Lepus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Bruno_Liljefors_-_Hare_studies_1885_white_background.jpg/50px-Bruno_Liljefors_-_Hare_studies_1885_white_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Bruno_Liljefors_-_Hare_studies_1885_white_background.jpg/75px-Bruno_Liljefors_-_Hare_studies_1885_white_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Bruno_Liljefors_-_Hare_studies_1885_white_background.jpg/100px-Bruno_Liljefors_-_Hare_studies_1885_white_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="505" data-file-height="445" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border: 0; padding: 0; vertical-align: top;"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top;"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurasiatheria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laurasiatheria (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Laurasiatheria</a></span></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 1.5em; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center;"> <br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eulipotyphla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eulipotyphla (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Eulipotyphla</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Mole_white_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Talpidae"><img alt="Talpidae" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Mole_white_background.jpg/50px-Mole_white_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Mole_white_background.jpg/75px-Mole_white_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Mole_white_background.jpg/100px-Mole_white_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="196" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top;"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scrotifera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scrotifera (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Scrotifera</a></span></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 1.5em; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center;"> <br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Chiroptera" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiroptera">Chiroptera</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Vampire_bat_white_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Desmodontinae"><img alt="Desmodontinae" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Vampire_bat_white_background.jpg/50px-Vampire_bat_white_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Vampire_bat_white_background.jpg/75px-Vampire_bat_white_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Vampire_bat_white_background.jpg/100px-Vampire_bat_white_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="801" data-file-height="418" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top;"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center;"> <br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 1.5em; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euungulata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Euungulata (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Euungulata</a></span></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 1.5em; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center;"> <br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artiodactyla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artiodactyla (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Artiodactyla</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Walia_ibex_illustration_white_background.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Capra walie"><img alt="Capra walie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Walia_ibex_illustration_white_background.png/50px-Walia_ibex_illustration_white_background.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Walia_ibex_illustration_white_background.png/75px-Walia_ibex_illustration_white_background.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Walia_ibex_illustration_white_background.png/100px-Walia_ibex_illustration_white_background.png 2x" data-file-width="483" data-file-height="421" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Eubalaena_glacialis_NOAA.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eubalaena glacialis"><img alt="Eubalaena glacialis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Eubalaena_glacialis_NOAA.jpg/70px-Eubalaena_glacialis_NOAA.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Eubalaena_glacialis_NOAA.jpg/105px-Eubalaena_glacialis_NOAA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Eubalaena_glacialis_NOAA.jpg/140px-Eubalaena_glacialis_NOAA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1780" data-file-height="726" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top;"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center;"> <br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perissodactyla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perissodactyla (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Perissodactyla</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Equus_quagga_(white_background).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Equus quagga"><img alt="Equus quagga" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Equus_quagga_%28white_background%29.jpg/50px-Equus_quagga_%28white_background%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Equus_quagga_%28white_background%29.jpg/75px-Equus_quagga_%28white_background%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Equus_quagga_%28white_background%29.jpg/100px-Equus_quagga_%28white_background%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="549" data-file-height="459" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Rhino_white_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Diceros bicornis"><img alt="Diceros bicornis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Rhino_white_background.jpg/50px-Rhino_white_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Rhino_white_background.jpg/75px-Rhino_white_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Rhino_white_background.jpg/100px-Rhino_white_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="251" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border: 0; padding: 0; vertical-align: top;"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top;"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferae (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Ferae</a></span></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 1.5em; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center;"> <br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pholidota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pholidota (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Pholidota</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:FMIB_46859_Pangolin_a_grosse_queue_white_background.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Manidae"><img alt="Manidae" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/FMIB_46859_Pangolin_a_grosse_queue_white_background.jpeg/50px-FMIB_46859_Pangolin_a_grosse_queue_white_background.jpeg" decoding="async" width="50" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/FMIB_46859_Pangolin_a_grosse_queue_white_background.jpeg/75px-FMIB_46859_Pangolin_a_grosse_queue_white_background.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/FMIB_46859_Pangolin_a_grosse_queue_white_background.jpeg/100px-FMIB_46859_Pangolin_a_grosse_queue_white_background.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="405" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top;"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center;"> <br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Carnivora" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnivora">Carnivora</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Cynailurus_guttata_-_1818-1842_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-_(white_background).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Acinonyx jubatus"><img alt="Acinonyx jubatus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Cynailurus_guttata_-_1818-1842_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-_%28white_background%29.jpg/60px-Cynailurus_guttata_-_1818-1842_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-_%28white_background%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Cynailurus_guttata_-_1818-1842_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-_%28white_background%29.jpg/120px-Cynailurus_guttata_-_1818-1842_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-_%28white_background%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1101" data-file-height="536" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Zalophus_californianus_J._Smit_(white_background).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zalophus californianus"><img alt="Zalophus californianus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Zalophus_californianus_J._Smit_%28white_background%29.jpg/50px-Zalophus_californianus_J._Smit_%28white_background%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Zalophus_californianus_J._Smit_%28white_background%29.jpg/75px-Zalophus_californianus_J._Smit_%28white_background%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Zalophus_californianus_J._Smit_%28white_background%29.jpg/100px-Zalophus_californianus_J._Smit_%28white_background%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="531" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border: 0; padding: 0; vertical-align: top;"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border: 0; padding: 0; vertical-align: top;"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border: 0; padding: 0; vertical-align: top;"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border: 0; padding: 0; vertical-align: top;"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border: 0; padding: 0; vertical-align: top;"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border: 0; padding: 0; vertical-align: top;"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border: 0; padding: 0; vertical-align: top;"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border: 0; padding: 0; vertical-align: top;"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border: 0; padding: 0; vertical-align: top;"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Mae'r cladogram uchod yn seiliedig ar Tarver <i>et al</i>. (2016)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Esblygiad">Esblygiad</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Golygu'r adran: Esblygiad" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Esblygiad"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gwreiddiau">Gwreiddiau</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Golygu'r adran: Gwreiddiau" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Gwreiddiau"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tarddodd Synapsida, cytras sy'n cynnwys mamaliaid a'u perthnasau sydd <a href="/wiki/Difodiant" title="Difodiant">wedi'u difodi</a>, yn ystod <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pennsylvania_(daeareg)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pennsylvania (daeareg) (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">isgyfnod Pennsylvania</a> (~323 miliwn i ~300 miliwn o flynyddoedd yn ôl), pan wnaethon nhw ymrannu oddi wrth llinach yr <a href="/wiki/Ymlusgiaid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ymlusgiaid">ymlusgiaid</a>. Datblygodd mamaliaid grŵp y goron o ffurfiau mamaliaid cynharach yn ystod y <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jwrasig_Cynnar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jwrasig Cynnar (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Jwrasig Cynnar</a>. Mae'r cladogram yn cymryd Mamalia i fod yn grŵp coron.<sup id="cite_ref-Liaoconodon2011_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liaoconodon2011-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Esblygiad_o_amniotau_hŷn"><span id="Esblygiad_o_amniotau_h.C5.B7n"></span>Esblygiad o amniotau hŷn</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Golygu'r adran: Esblygiad o amniotau hŷn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Esblygiad o amniotau hŷn"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Skull_synapsida_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Skull_synapsida_1.png/220px-Skull_synapsida_1.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Skull_synapsida_1.png/330px-Skull_synapsida_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Skull_synapsida_1.png/440px-Skull_synapsida_1.png 2x" data-file-width="568" data-file-height="260" /></a><figcaption> Mae strwythur gwreiddiol y benglog synapsid yn cynnwys un <a href="/wiki/Penglog" title="Penglog">agoriad</a> y tu ôl i'r creuau llygaid, mewn safle gweddol isel ar y benglog (ar y dde isaf yn y ddelwedd hon).</figcaption></figure> <p>Amniotau oedd <a href="/wiki/Fertebrat" title="Fertebrat">fertebrat</a> cwbl cyntaf y tir. Fel eu rhagflaenwyr cynnar, yr amffibaidd tetrapod, roedd ganddyn nhw <a href="/wiki/Ysgyfaint" title="Ysgyfaint">ysgyfaint</a> ac aelodau megis coesau. Fodd bynnag, mae gan wyau amniotig bilenni mewnol sy'n caniatáu i'r embryo sy'n datblygu i anadlu, gan gadw dŵr oddi mewn. Felly, gall amniotau ddodwy wyau ar dir sych, tra bod angen i amffibiaid ddodwy eu hwyau mewn dŵr. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mamaliaid_cyntaf">Mamaliaid cyntaf</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Golygu'r adran: Mamaliaid cyntaf" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Mamaliaid cyntaf"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Digwyddiad difodiant Permian-Triasig tua 252 miliwn o flynyddoedd yn ôl, a oedd yn ddigwyddiad hirfaith oherwydd bod nifer o gyfnodau o ddifodiant wedi digwydd, a daeth goruchafiaeth y therapsidau cigysol i ben.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yn y <a href="/wiki/Triasig" title="Triasig">Triasig cynnar</a>, cymerwyd lle'r cigysyddion gan yr <a href="/w/index.php?title=Archosaur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archosaur (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">archosoriaid</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dros gyfnod estynedig o 35. miliwn o flynyddoedd); Daeth i gynnwys y crocodylomorffiaid,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> y pterosoriaid a'r deinosoriaid;<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fodd bynnag, roedd cynodontiaid mawr fel y <i>Trucidocynodon</i> a'r traversodontidiaid yn dal i feddiannu cilfachau cigysol a llysysol mawr eu maint. Erbyn y Jwrasig, roedd y deinosoriaid wedi dod i ddominyddu'r lle llysysyddion mawr y tir hefyd.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ymddangosodd y mamaliaid cyntaf (mewn ystyr Kemp o'r gair) yn yr epoc Triasig Diweddar (tua 225 miliwn o flynyddoedd yn ôl), 40 miliwn o flynyddoedd ar ôl y therapsidau cyntaf. Ehangodd y ddau o fod yn bryfed nosol o ganol y Jwrasig ymlaen.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roedd y Castorocauda o'r cyfnod Jwrasig, er enghraifft, yn berthynas agos i'r gwir famaliaid a oedd ag addasiadau ar gyfer nofio, cloddio a dal pysgod.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Credir bod y rhan fwyaf, os nad y cyfan, wedi aros yn nosol, gan gyfrif am lawer o'r nodweddion mamalaidd nodweddiadol.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roedd mwyafrif y rhywogaethau o famaliaid a fodolai yn y <a href="/wiki/Mesos%C3%B6ig" title="Mesosöig">Cyfnod Mesosöig</a> yn aml-dwbercylaidd, ewtriconodontau a sbalacotheridau.<sup id="cite_ref-Luo2007_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Luo2007-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Y metatherian cynharaf y gwyddys amdano yw Sinodelphys, a ddarganfuwyd mewn <a href="/wiki/Carreg_glai" title="Carreg glai">siâl</a> Cretasaidd Cynnar 125 miliwn-mlwydd-oed yn <a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Nhalaith Liaoning</a> gogledd-ddwyrain Tsieina. Mae'r ffosil bron yn gyflawn ac mae'n cynnwys sawl tusw o ffwr ac argraffnodau o feinweoedd meddal.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Juramaia_NT.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Juramaia_NT.jpg/220px-Juramaia_NT.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Juramaia_NT.jpg/330px-Juramaia_NT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Juramaia_NT.jpg/440px-Juramaia_NT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="287" /></a><figcaption> Darlun artist o'r <i>Juramaia sinensis</i>, yr ewtheriad hynaf y gwyddys amdano (160 miliwn blwyddyn <a href="/wiki/CP" title="CP">CP</a>) <sup id="cite_ref-Juramaia_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Juramaia-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Y <a href="/wiki/Ffosil" title="Ffosil">ffosil</a> hynaf y gwyddys amdano ymhlith yr Ewtheria ("y gwir fwystfilod") yw'r prysgallu bach <i>Juramaia sinensis</i>, neu "y fam Jwrasaidd o Tsieina", a ellir ei ddyddio i 160 miliwn o flynyddoedd yn ôl yn y Jwrasig hwyr.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roedd perthynas ewtherianaidd diweddarach, sef yr <i>Eomaia</i>, yn dyddio i 125 miliwn o flynyddoedd yn ôl yn y Cretasaidd cynnar, yn meddu ar rai nodweddion a oedd yn gyffredin â'r <a href="/wiki/Marswpial" title="Marswpial">marsupialiaid</a> ond nid â'r brychiaid, tystiolaeth bod y nodweddion hyn yn bresennol yn hynafiad cyffredin olaf y ddau grŵp ond eu bod ar goll yn ddiweddarach yn y llinach frychiog.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yn benodol, mae'r esgyrn epipubig yn ymestyn ymlaen o'r pelfis. Nid yw'r rhain i'w cael mewn unrhyw frychiaid modern, ond fe'u ceir mewn bolgodogion, monotremiaid, mamaliaid nontheriaidd eraill ac <i>Ukhaatherium</i>, anifail Cretasaidd cynnar yn yr urdd ewtheria Asioryctitheria . Mae hyn hefyd yn berthnasol i'r multituberculates. <sup id="cite_ref-Epipubic_bones_in_eutherian_mammals_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epipubic_bones_in_eutherian_mammals-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae'n debyg eu bod yn nodwedd hynafol, a ddiflannodd wedyn yn y llinach brych. Mae'n ymddangos bod yr esgyrn epipwbig hyn yn gweithredu trwy gryfhau'r cyhyrau yn ystod symudiad, gan leihau faint o le sy'n cael ei gyflwyno, y mae brych ei angen i gadw eu ffetws yn ystod cyfnodau beichiogrwydd. Mae allfa pelfig cul yn dangos bod yr ifanc yn fach iawn adeg eu geni ac felly bod beichiogrwydd yn fyr, fel mewn marsupials modern. Mae hyn yn awgrymu bod y brychiaid yn ddatblygiad diweddarach.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ymddangosiadau_cynharaf_o_nodweddion">Ymddangosiadau cynharaf o nodweddion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Golygu'r adran: Ymddangosiadau cynharaf o nodweddion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Ymddangosiadau cynharaf o nodweddion"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mae'r dystiolaeth cyntaf o <a href="/wiki/G%C3%AAn" title="Gên">ên</a> i'w weld mewn ffosil o'r <i>Hadrocodium</i>, sy'n dyddio i tua 195 miliwn o flynyddoedd yn ôl, yn y <a href="/wiki/Jwrasig" title="Jwrasig">Jwrasig</a> cynnar. Dyma dystiolaeth glir, y cyntaf, o gymal gên a ffurfiwyd gan yr esgyrn cenffurf (cennog) ac esgyrn dannedd yn unig; nid oes lle yn yr ên i'r articular, sef asgwrn sy'n ymwneud â genau pob synapsid cynnar.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Thrinaxodon_Lionhinus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Thrinaxodon_Lionhinus.jpg/220px-Thrinaxodon_Lionhinus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Thrinaxodon_Lionhinus.jpg/330px-Thrinaxodon_Lionhinus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Thrinaxodon_Lionhinus.jpg/440px-Thrinaxodon_Lionhinus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="315" /></a><figcaption> Ffosil o <i>Thrinaxodon</i> yn yr Amgueddfa Hanes Natur Genedlaethol</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cynnydd_yn_y_mamaliaid">Cynnydd yn y mamaliaid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Golygu'r adran: Cynnydd yn y mamaliaid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Cynnydd yn y mamaliaid"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cymerodd mamaliaid Therian drosodd y cilfachau ecolegol canolig i fawr yn y <a href="/wiki/Cainos%C3%B6ig" title="Cainosöig">Cainosöig</a>, ar ôl i'r <a href="/w/index.php?title=Digwyddiad_difodiant_Cretasaidd-Paleogene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Digwyddiad difodiant Cretasaidd-Paleogene (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">digwyddiad difodiant Cretasaidd-Paleogenaidd</a> (tua 66 miliwn o flynyddoedd yn ôl) wagio'r gofod ecolegol oedd cyn hynny'n cael ei lenwi gan <a href="/wiki/Deinosor" title="Deinosor">ddeinosoriaid</a> nad oeddent yn adar a grwpiau eraill o ymlusgiaid, yn ogystal ag amrywiol grwpiau o famaliaid eraill.<sup id="cite_ref-SahneyBentonFerry2010LinksDiversityVertebrates_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SahneyBentonFerry2010LinksDiversityVertebrates-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bu cynnydd esbonyddol ym maint eu cyrff (megaffawna).<sup id="cite_ref-F.A.Smith_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-F.A.Smith-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yna arallgyfeiriodd mamaliaid yn gyflym iawn; mae adar a mamaliaid yn dangos cynnydd esbonyddol mewn amrywiaeth.<sup id="cite_ref-SahneyBentonFerry2010LinksDiversityVertebrates_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SahneyBentonFerry2010LinksDiversityVertebrates-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Er enghraifft, mae'r <a href="/wiki/Ystlum" title="Ystlum">ystlum</a> cynharaf y gwyddys amdano'n dyddio i tua 50 miliwn o flynyddoedd yn ôl, dim ond 16 miliwn o flynyddoedd ar ôl difodiant y deinosoriaid nad oeddent yn adar.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yr hynafiad cynharaf y gwyddys amdano ar gyfer <a href="/wiki/Primat" title="Primat">primatiaid</a> yw'r <i>Archicebus achilles</i><sup id="cite_ref-NTR-20130606_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NTR-20130606-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> o tua 55 miliwn o flynyddoedd yn ôl.<sup id="cite_ref-NTR-20130606_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NTR-20130606-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roedd y primat bychan hwn yn pwyso 20-30 gram a gallai ffitio'n ddel yng ngledr llaw dynol.<sup id="cite_ref-NTR-20130606_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NTR-20130606-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anatomeg">Anatomeg</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Golygu'r adran: Anatomeg" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Anatomeg"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nodweddion_gwahaniaethol">Nodweddion gwahaniaethol</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Golygu'r adran: Nodweddion gwahaniaethol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Nodweddion gwahaniaethol"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gellir adnabod rhywogaethau o famaliaid byw trwy bresenoldeb <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chwarren_chwys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chwarren chwys (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">chwarennau chwys</a>, gan gynnwys <a href="/wiki/Chwarren_laeth" title="Chwarren laeth">y rhai sy'n arbenigo mewn cynhyrchu llaeth</a> i faethu eu cywion.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wrth ddosbarthu <a href="/wiki/Ffosil" title="Ffosil">ffosilau</a>, fodd bynnag, rhaid defnyddio nodweddion eraill, gan nad yw chwarennau meinwe meddal a llawer o nodweddion eraill i'w gweld mewn ffosilau.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ymddangosodd llawer o nodweddion a rennir gan bob mamal byw ymhlith aelodau cynharaf y grŵp: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%AAn" title="Gên"><b>Cymal yr ên</b></a> – Mae'r dentari (asgwrn yr ên isaf, lle mae'r dannedd yn eistedd) a'r asgwrn cenffurf (asgwrn bach <a href="/wiki/Penglog" title="Penglog">creuanol</a>) yn cwrdd i ffurfio'r cymal. Yn y rhan fwyaf o fertebratau eraill â gên, gan gynnwys therapsidau cynnar, mae'r cymal yn cynnwys yr asgwrn cymalol (asgwrn bach yng nghefn yr ên isaf) a'r asgwrn cwadrat (asgwrn bychan yng nghefn yr ên uchaf).<sup id="cite_ref-jawbone2006_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jawbone2006-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Y_glust_ganol" title="Y glust ganol">Y glust ganol</a></b> – Mewn mamaliaid coron, mae sain yn cael ei gludo o drwm y <a href="/wiki/Drwm_y_glust" title="Drwm y glust">glust</a> gan gadwyn o dri asgwrn, y <a href="/wiki/Morthwyl_y_glust" title="Morthwyl y glust">morthwyl</a>, yr <a href="/wiki/Eingion_y_glust" title="Eingion y glust">einion</a> a'r <a href="/wiki/Gwarthol_y_glust" title="Gwarthol y glust">gwarthol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Amnewid dannedd</b> – Gellir torri dannedd newydd un waith yn ystod oes (deuffioddont(au)) neu, fel y mae morfilod danheddog a chnofilod llygodol, ddim o gwbl (monoffioddont(au)).<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae eliffantod, manatïaid a <a href="/wiki/Cangar%C5%B5" title="Cangarŵ">changarŵod</a> yn torri dannedd newydd sawl neu lawer gwaith trwy gydol eu hoes (polyffioddont(au)).<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Enamel prismatig</b> - Mae'r gorchudd enamel ar wyneb y dant wedi'i wneud o <a href="/wiki/Prism_(geometreg)" title="Prism (geometreg)">brismau</a>, h.y. cyrff crisialog tebyg i roden sy'n ymestyn o'r dentin i wyneb y dant.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Condylau'r gwegil</b> - Mae dau gnepyn ar waelod y benglog yn mynd i'r fertebra gyddfol uchaf; mewn cyferbyniad, dim ond un cnepyn o'r fath sydd gan y rhan fwyaf o detrapodau eraill.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Ar y cyfan, nid oedd y nodweddion hyn yn bresennol yn hynafiaid Triasig y mamaliaid.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae bron pob math o famaliaid yn meddu ar asgwrn epipwbig, oddigerth i'r brychiaid byw.<sup id="cite_ref-schulkin_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schulkin-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dwyffurfedd_rhywiol">Dwyffurfedd rhywiol</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Golygu'r adran: Dwyffurfedd rhywiol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Dwyffurfedd rhywiol"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ar gyfartaledd, mae mamaliaid gwrywaidd yn fwy eu maint na mamaliaid benywaidd, gyda gwrywod o leiaf 10% yn fwy na benywod mewn dros 45% o rywogaethau yr ymchwiliwyd iddynt. Mae’r rhan fwyaf o <a href="/wiki/Urdd_(bioleg)" title="Urdd (bioleg)">urddau</a> o famaliaid hefyd yn arddangos dwyffurfedd rhywiol rhagfarnllyd-gwrywaidd, er nad yw rhai urddau'n dangos unrhyw duedd neu maent yn sylweddol ogwydd-benywaidd (<a href="/wiki/Ceinachffurf" title="Ceinachffurf">Ceinachffurf</a>,<a href="/wiki/Ceinachffurf" title="Ceinachffurf"><i>Lagomorpha</i></a>). Mae dwyffurfedd maint yn ôl rhyw yn cynyddu yn ôl maint y corff, (rheol Rensch), sy'n awgrymu bod pwysau dethol cyfochrog ar faint y gwryw a'r fenyw. </p><p>Mae cydberthynas gadarnhaol hefyd rhwng graddau detholiad rhywiol a maint y gwryw a'r fenyw ar draws pob mamal. Ymhellach, mae pwysau dethol cyfochrog ar fàs y fenyw yn cael ei nodi yn yr oedran hwnnw ar adeg diddyfnu yn sylweddol uwch mewn rhywogaethau sy'n <a href="/wiki/Amlwreiciaeth" title="Amlwreiciaeth">amlwreica</a>, hyd yn oed wrth gywiro ar gyfer màs y corff. Hefyd, mae'r gyfradd atgenhedlu yn is ar gyfer benywod mwy, sy'n dangos bod detholiad ffrwythlondeb yn dewis ar gyfer benywod llai mewn mamaliaid. Er bod y patrymau hyn yn gywir yn gyffredinol, mae amrywiadau sylweddol ar draws yr <a href="/wiki/Urdd_(bioleg)" title="Urdd (bioleg)">urddau.</a><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Systemau_biolegol">Systemau biolegol</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Golygu'r adran: Systemau biolegol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Systemau biolegol"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Lung_expansion_simulation_with_Raccoon.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Lung_expansion_simulation_with_Raccoon.gif/220px-Lung_expansion_simulation_with_Raccoon.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Lung_expansion_simulation_with_Raccoon.gif/330px-Lung_expansion_simulation_with_Raccoon.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Lung_expansion_simulation_with_Raccoon.gif/440px-Lung_expansion_simulation_with_Raccoon.gif 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="399" /></a><figcaption> Ysgyfaint racŵn yn cael ei chwyddo â llaw</figcaption></figure> <p>Mae gan y mwyafrif o famaliaid saith fertebra ceg y groth (esgyrn yn y <a href="/wiki/Gwddf" title="Gwddf">gwddf</a>). Yr eithriadau yw'r <a href="/wiki/Morfuwch" title="Morfuwch">morfuwch</a> a'r sloth dau fys, sydd â chwech, a'r sloth tri bysedd sydd â naw.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae gan ymennydd pob mamal neocortex, rhan o'r <a href="/wiki/Ymennydd" title="Ymennydd">ymennydd</a> sy'n unigryw i famaliaid.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae gan ymennydd y brychiaid gorpws caloswm, yn wahanol i fonotremiaid a bolgodogion.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mae <a href="/wiki/Ysgyfaint" title="Ysgyfaint">ysgyfaint</a> mamaliaid fel <a href="/wiki/Sbwng" title="Sbwng">sbwng</a> a diliau mêl. Gallant anadlu'n bennaf oherwydd y <a href="/wiki/Diaffram_y_thoracs" title="Diaffram y thoracs">llengig</a>, sy'n rhannu'r <a href="/wiki/Thoracs" title="Thoracs">thoracs</a> o geudod yr abdomen, gan ffurfio cromen amgrwm i'r thoracs. Mae cyfangiad y llengig yn fflatio'r gromen, gan gynyddu cyfaint ceudod yr ysgyfaint. Tynnir aer i mewn trwy geudodau'r ceg a'r trwyn, gan deithio trwy'r laryncs, y <a href="/wiki/Tracea" title="Tracea">tracea</a> a'r <a href="/wiki/Broncws" title="Broncws">bronci</a>, ac yn ehangu'r <a href="/wiki/Alfeoli" title="Alfeoli">alfeoli</a>. Drwy ymlacio'r llengig, ceir yr effaith groes, gan leihau cyfaint ceudod yr ysgyfaint, ac achosi i aer gael ei wthio allan o'r ysgyfaint. Yn ystod ymarfer corff, mae wal yr abdomen yn cyfangu, gan gynyddu'r pwysau ar y llengig, sy'n gorfodi aer allan yn gyflymach ac yn fwy grymus. Gall cawell yr asenau ehangu a chyfangu ceudod y frest trwy gyhyrau anadlol eraill. O ganlyniad, mae aer yn cael ei sugno i'r ysgyfaint neu ei ddiarddel allan o'r ysgyfaint.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bellows_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bellows-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gelwir y math hwn o ysgyfaint yn <i>ysgyfaint megin</i> oherwydd ei fod yn debyg i <a href="/wiki/Megin" title="Megin">fegin</a> y gof.<sup id="cite_ref-bellows_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bellows-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mamaliaid_gwaed_cynnes">Mamaliaid gwaed cynnes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Golygu'r adran: Mamaliaid gwaed cynnes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Mamaliaid gwaed cynnes"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mae bron pob mamal yn endothermig ‘â gwaed cynnes’ a cheir gan y rhan fwyaf ohonynt <a href="/wiki/Blew" title="Blew">flew</a> hefyd i helpu i'w cadw'n gynnes. Fel adar, gall mamaliaid chwilota neu hela mewn tywydd a hinsawdd sy'n rhy oer ar gyfer <a href="/wiki/Ymlusgiaid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ymlusgiaid">ymlusgiaid</a> a phryfed ectothermig ‘â gwaed oer’. Mae angen digon o egni bwyd ar famaliaid endothermig, felly maent yn bwyta mwy o fwyd fesul uned o bwysau'r corff na'r rhan fwyaf o ymlusgiaid.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gall mamaliaid pryfysol bach fwyta symiau aruthrol o ran eu maint: eithriad prin yw'r llygoden fawr noeth sy'n cynhyrchu llawer o wres metabolaidd.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae adar hefyd yn endothermig, felly nid yw endothermig yn unigryw i famaliaid.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ymsymudiad">Ymsymudiad</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Golygu'r adran: Ymsymudiad" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Ymsymudiad"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ar_y_ddaear">Ar y ddaear</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Golygu'r adran: Ar y ddaear" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Ar y ddaear"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Muybridge_race_horse_animated.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Muybridge_race_horse_animated.gif/220px-Muybridge_race_horse_animated.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Muybridge_race_horse_animated.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Rhedeg" title="Rhedeg">R</a><a href="/wiki/Rhedeg" title="Rhedeg">hedeg</a>. Cyfres o ffotograffau cynnar gan Eadweard Muybridge, 1887.</figcaption></figure> <p>Mae'r rhan fwyaf o <a href="/wiki/Fertebratau" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertebratau">fertebratau</a> - yr <a href="/wiki/Amffibiaid" class="mw-redirect" title="Amffibiaid">amffibiaid</a>, yr <a href="/wiki/Ymlusgiaid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ymlusgiaid">ymlusgiaid</a> a rhai mamaliaid fel <a href="/wiki/Bodau_dynol" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodau dynol">bodau dynol</a> ac eirth - yn <i>wadnrodiol</i>, h.y. yn cerdded ar ochr isaf y droed (y sowdl a'r gwadn), ond mae llawer o famaliaid, megis <a href="/wiki/Cathod" class="mw-disambig" title="Cathod">cathod</a> a <a href="/wiki/Ci" title="Ci">chŵn</a>, yn <i>fysgerddol</i>, h.y. yn cerdded ar flaenau eu traed, ac mae hyd y cam yn caniatáu cyflymder uwch. Mae mamaliaid bysgerddol hefyd yn aml yn medru ymsymud yn dawel wrth hela.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae rhai anifeiliaid fel <a href="/wiki/Ceffyl" title="Ceffyl">ceffylau</a> yn <i><a href="/wiki/Carnolyn" title="Carnolyn">garn-gerddol</a></i>, yn cerdded ar flaenau eu traed, sy'n cynyddu hyd eu cam ac felly eu cyflymder.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gwyddys hefyd fod ychydig o famaliaid, sef yr <a href="/wiki/Epa" title="Epa">epaod</a> mawr, yn cerdded ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cwgn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cwgn (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">gygnau</a> eu traed blaen. Mae morgrugysorion anferth <sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a'r hwyatbigau<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hefyd yn gwgngerddwyr. Gelwir rhai mamaliaid yn ddeudroediog, sef y rhai hynny sy'n defnyddio dim ond dwy go i'w ymsymud, e.e. bodau dynol a'r epaod mawr. Mae gan rywogaethau deudroed faes gwelediad mwy na phedwartroedion, maent yn arbed mwy o egni ac mae ganddynt y gallu i drin gwrthrychau â'u dwylo, sy'n helpu i chwilota am fwyd. Yn lle cerdded, mae rhai deudroediogion yn neidio, fel cangarŵod a llygod mawr codog.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rhestr_mamaliaid">Rhestr mamaliaid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Golygu'r adran: Rhestr mamaliaid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Rhestr mamaliaid"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afanc" title="Afanc">Afanc</a> (neu lostlydan) (Beaver: <i>Castor fiber</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afonfarch" title="Afonfarch">Afonfarch</a> (neu ddyfrfarch) (Hippopotamus)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpafr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alpafr (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Alpafr</a> (neu greigafr) (Ibex: <i>Capra ibex</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arth" title="Arth">Arth</a> (Bear: <i>Ursus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asyn" title="Asyn">Asyn</a> (Donkey, ass: <i>Equus asinus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baedd_gwyllt" title="Baedd gwyllt">Baedd gwyllt</a> (Wild boar: <i>Sus scrofa (ferus)</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bele" class="mw-redirect" title="Bele">Bele</a> (Marten: <i>Martes</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaidd" title="Blaidd">Blaidd</a> (Wolf: <i>Canis lupus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bochdew" title="Bochdew">Bochdew</a> (Hamster: <i>Mesocricetus</i> neu <i>Cricetus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broch" class="mw-redirect" title="Broch">Broch</a> (neu fochyn daear) (Badger: <i>Meles meles</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bual" title="Bual">Bual</a> (American bison: <i>Bos bison</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buwch" title="Buwch">Buwch</a> (Cow: <i>Bos taurus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byfflo" class="mw-disambig" title="Byfflo">Byfflo</a> (Buffalo: <i>Bos bubalus</i>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byfflo_d%C5%B5r" class="mw-redirect" title="Byfflo dŵr">Byfflo dŵr</a> (neu ych yr afon) (Water buffalo: <i>Bubalus arnee</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camel" title="Camel">Camel</a> (Camel) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camel_dau_grwbi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camel dau grwbi (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Camel dau grwbi</a> (Bactrian camel: <i>Camelus bactrianus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camel_un_crwbi" class="mw-redirect" title="Camel un crwbi">Camel un crwbi</a> (neu gamel rhedeg) (Dromedary: <i>Camelus dromedarius</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlwm" title="Carlwm">Carlwm</a> (Stoat, ermine: <i>Mustela erminea</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carw" title="Carw">Carw</a> (Deer: <i>Cervus</i>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carw_coch" title="Carw coch">Carw coch</a> (Red deer: <i>Cervus elaphus</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cath" title="Cath">Cath</a> (Cat: <i>Felis silvestris (domesticus)</i>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cath_wyllt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cath wyllt">Cath wyllt</a> (Wildcat: <i>Felis silvestris</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceffyl" title="Ceffyl">Ceffyl</a> (Horse: <i>Equus caballus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ci" title="Ci">Ci</a> (Dog: <i>Canis lupus (familiaris)</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cwningen" title="Cwningen">Cwningen</a> (Rabbit: <i>Oryctolagus cuniculus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dafad" title="Dafad">Dafad</a> (Sheep: <i>Ovis aries aries</i>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danas (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Danas</a> (Fallow deer: <i>Cervus dama</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolffin" title="Dolffin">Dolffin</a> (Dolphin: <i>Delphinidae</i>) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolffin_trwynbwl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dolffin trwynbwl (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Dolffin trwynbwl</a> (Bottlenose dolphin: <i>Tursiops truncatus</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draenog" title="Draenog">Draenog</a> (Hedgehog: <i>Erinaceus europaeus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwrgi" title="Dwrgi">Dwrgi</a> (neu ddyfrgi) (Otter: <i>Lutra lutra</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliffant" title="Eliffant">Eliffant</a> (Elephant: <i>Elephas maximus</i> neu <i>Loxodonta africana</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ffured" title="Ffured">Ffured</a> (Ferret: <i>Mustela putorius furo</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ffwlbart" title="Ffwlbart">Ffwlbart</a> (Polecat: <i>Mustela putorius</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gafr" title="Gafr">Gafr</a> (Goat: <i>Capra hircus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gafrewig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gafrewig (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Gafrewig</a> (Chamois: <i>Rupicapra rupicapra</i>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gafrewigan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gafrewigan (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Gafrewigan</a> (Chevrotain: <i>Hyemoschus</i> neu <i>Tragulus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwahadden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwahadden">Gwahadden</a> (neu <a href="/wiki/Twrch_daear" title="Twrch daear">dwrch daear</a>) (Mole: <i>Talpa europaea</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwenci" title="Gwenci">Gwenci</a> (neu fronwen) (Weasel: <i>Mustela nivalis</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwiwer" title="Gwiwer">Gwiwer</a> (Squirrel: <i>Sciuridae</i>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gwiwer_goch" title="Gwiwer goch">Gwiwer goch</a> (Red squirrel: <i>Sciurus vulgaris</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwrch" title="Iwrch">Iwrch</a> (Roe deer: <i>Capreolus capreolus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyncs" title="Lyncs">Lyncs</a> (Lynx: <i>Lynx lynx</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llamhidydd" title="Llamhidydd">Llamhidydd</a>, -ion (Porpoise: <i>Phocaena</i>) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llamhidydd_harbwr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llamhidydd harbwr (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Llamhidydd harbwr</a> (Harbour porpoise: <i>Phocaena phocaena</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llew" title="Llew">Llew</a> (Lion: <i>Panthera leo</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llwynog" title="Llwynog">Llwynog</a> (neu gadno) (Fox: <i>Vulpes vulpes</i>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llyg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llyg (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Llyg</a> (Shrew: <i>Sorex</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llygoden_(Mus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Llygoden (Mus)">Llygoden</a> (Mouse: <i>Mus</i>) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llygoden_fawr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llygoden fawr (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Llygoden fawr</a> (Rat: <i>Rattus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llygoden_bengron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llygoden bengron (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Llygoden bengron</a> (Vole: <i>Arvicolinae</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morfuwch" title="Morfuwch">Manati</a> (Manatee: <i>Trichechidae</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mochyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Mochyn">Mochyn</a> (Pig: <i>Sus scrofa (domesticus)</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mochyn_cwta" title="Mochyn cwta">Mochyn cwta</a> (neu fochyn Gini) (Guinea pig: <i>Cavia porcellus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morfil" title="Morfil">Morfil</a>, -od (Whales: <i>Cetacea</i>) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morfil_bal%C3%AEn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morfil balîn (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Morfil balîn</a> (Baleen whale: <i>Mysticeti</i>) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morfil_cefngrwm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morfil cefngrwm (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Morfil cefngrwm</a> (Humpback whale: <i>Megaptera novaeangliae</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morfil_glas" class="mw-redirect" title="Morfil glas">Morfil glas</a> (Blue whale: <i>Balaenoptera musculus</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morfil_danheddog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morfil danheddog (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Morfil danheddog</a> (Toothed whale: <i>Odontoceti</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morlo" title="Morlo">Morlo</a> (Seal: <i>Pinnipedia</i>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morlo_llwyd" class="mw-redirect" title="Morlo llwyd">Morlo llwyd</a> (Grey Seal: <i>Halichoerus grypus</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwfflon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mwfflon (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Mwfflon</a> (Mouflon: <i>Ovis aries musimon</i>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwsglygoden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mwsglygoden (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Mwsglygoden</a> (neu lygoden fwsg) (Muskrat: <i>Ondatra zibethicus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocapi" title="Ocapi">Ocapi</a> (Okapi: <i>Okapia johnstoni</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathew" title="Pathew">Pathew</a> (Dormouse: <i>Gliridae</i>) <ul><li>Pathew cyffredin (Common or hazel dormouse: <i>Muscardinus avellanarius</i>)</li> <li>Pathew tew (Fat or edible dormouse: <i>Glis glis</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsimpans%C3%AE" title="Tsimpansî">Tsimpansî</a> (Chimpanzee: <i>Pan</i>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Twrlla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Twrlla (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Twrlla</a> (neu farmot) (Marmot: <i>Marmota marmota</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udfil" title="Udfil">Udfil</a> (Hyena)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ych_gwyllt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ych gwyllt">Ych gwyllt</a> (European bison, wisent: <i>Bos bonasus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ysgyfarnog" title="Ysgyfarnog">Ysgyfarnog</a> (Hare: <i>Lepus europaeus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ystlum" title="Ystlum">Ystlum</a> (Bat: <i>Chiroptera</i>) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ystlum_du&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ystlum du (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Ystlum du</a> (neu ystlum Barbastelle) (Barbastelle bat: <i>Barbastella barbastellus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ystlum_Bechstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ystlum Bechstein (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Ystlum Bechstein</a> (Bechstein's bat: <i>Myotis bechsteinii</i>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ystlum_pedol_lleiaf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ystlum pedol lleiaf (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Ystlum pedol lleiaf</a> (Lesser horseshoe bat: <i>Rhinolophus hipposideros</i>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ystlum_pedol_mwyaf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ystlum pedol mwyaf (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Ystlum pedol mwyaf</a> (Greater horseshoe bat: <i>Rhinolophus ferrumequinum</i>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Darllen_pellach">Darllen pellach</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Golygu'r adran: Darllen pellach" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Darllen pellach"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="margin-left:1.5em;"> <ul><li><span class="citation Journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_trends-in-ecology-evolution_2001-09_16_9/page/471">"Natural selection of mammalian brain components"</a>. <i>Trends in Ecology and Evolution</i> <b>16</b> (9): 471–473. 2001. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0169-5347%2801%2902246-7">10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02246-7</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_trends-in-ecology-evolution_2001-09_16_9/page/471">https://archive.org/details/sim_trends-in-ecology-evolution_2001-09_16_9/page/471</a></span>.</span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMcKennaBell1997" class="citation book">McKenna MC, Bell SK (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=id=zS7FZkzIw-cC"><i>Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level</i></a>. New York: Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-231-11013-6" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-231-11013-6"><bdi>978-0-231-11013-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/37345734">37345734</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Classification+of+Mammals+Above+the+Species+Level&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F37345734&rft.isbn=978-0-231-11013-6&rft.aulast=McKenna&rft.aufirst=MC&rft.au=Bell%2C+SK&rft_id=%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Did%3DzS7FZkzIw-cC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMamal" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8312344">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wicipedia:Pydredd_dolen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wicipedia:Pydredd dolen (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">dolen farw</a></i>]</span></sup></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFNowak1999" class="citation book">Nowak RM (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=T37sFCl43E8C"><i>Walker's mammals of the world</i></a> (arg. 6). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-8018-5789-8" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-8018-5789-8"><bdi>978-0-8018-5789-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/937619124">937619124</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Walker%27s+mammals+of+the+world&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.edition=6&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F937619124&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-5789-8&rft.aulast=Nowak&rft.aufirst=RM&rft_id=%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT37sFCl43E8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMamal" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li> <li><span class="citation Journal">"The principles of classification and a classification of mammals". <i>Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</i> <b>85</b>: 1–350. 1945.</span></li> <li><span class="citation Journal">"Resolution of the early placental mammal radiation using Bayesian phylogenetics". <i>Science</i> <b>294</b> (5550): 2348–51. December 2001. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001Sci...294.2348M">2001Sci...294.2348M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1067179">10.1126/science.1067179</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11743200">11743200</a>.</span></li> <li><span class="citation Journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zi.ku.dk/evolbiology/courses/ME04/7_9/springer200-phyl.pdf">"Molecules consolidate the placental mammal tree"</a>. <i>Trends in Ecology & Evolution</i> <b>19</b> (8): 430–8. August 2004. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tree.2004.05.006">10.1016/j.tree.2004.05.006</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16701301">16701301</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.zi.ku.dk/evolbiology/courses/ME04/7_9/springer200-phyl.pdf">http://www.zi.ku.dk/evolbiology/courses/ME04/7_9/springer200-phyl.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Adalwyd 2005-01-21</span>.</span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFVaughanRyanCapzaplewski2000" class="citation book">Vaughan TA, Ryan JM, Capzaplewski NJ (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mammalogy0000vaug_k2e9"><i>Mammalogy</i></a> (arg. 4). Fort Worth, Texas: Saunders College Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-03-025034-7" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-03-025034-7"><bdi>978-0-03-025034-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/42285340">42285340</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mammalogy&rft.place=Fort+Worth%2C+Texas&rft.edition=4&rft.pub=Saunders+College+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F42285340&rft.isbn=978-0-03-025034-7&rft.aulast=Vaughan&rft.aufirst=TA&rft.au=Ryan%2C+JM&rft.au=Capzaplewski%2C+NJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmammalogy0000vaug_k2e9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMamal" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li> <li><span class="citation Journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1395351">"Retroposed elements as archives for the evolutionary history of placental mammals"</a>. <i>PLOS Biology</i> <b>4</b> (4): e91. April 2006. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0040091">10.1371/journal.pbio.0040091</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1395351/?tool=pmcentrez">1395351</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16515367">16515367</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1395351">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1395351</a></span>.</span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMacDonaldNorris2006" class="citation book">MacDonald DW, Norris S (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofma0000unse_m0x7"><i>The Encyclopedia of Mammals</i></a> (arg. 3). London: Brown Reference Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-681-45659-4" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-681-45659-4"><bdi>978-0-681-45659-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/74900519">74900519</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Mammals&rft.place=London&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=Brown+Reference+Group&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F74900519&rft.isbn=978-0-681-45659-4&rft.aulast=MacDonald&rft.aufirst=DW&rft.au=Norris%2C+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofma0000unse_m0x7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMamal" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dolennau_allanol">Dolennau allanol</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Golygu'r adran: Dolennau allanol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Dolennau allanol"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="infobox sisterproject"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Wikibooks-logo-en.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wicillyfrau"><img alt="Wicillyfrau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Wikibooks-logo-en.svg/50px-Wikibooks-logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Wikibooks-logo-en.svg/75px-Wikibooks-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Wikibooks-logo-en.svg/100px-Wikibooks-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Wicillyfrau</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 60px;">Mae gan <a href="/wiki/Wicilyfrau" title="Wicilyfrau">Wicilyfrau</a> gwerslyfr neu lawlyfr ar y pwnc yma: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><i><b><a href="https://cy.wikibooks.org/wiki/Dichotomous_Key" class="extiw" title="b:Dichotomous Key">Dichotomous Key</a></b></i></div> </div> </div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nodyn:EB1911_poster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nodyn:EB1911 poster (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Nodyn:EB1911 poster</a> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biodiversitymapping.org/mammals.htm">Biodiversitymapping.org – All mammal orders in the world with distribution maps</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160926130232/http://www.biodiversitymapping.org/mammals.htm">Archifwyd</a> 2016-09-26 yn y <a href="/wiki/Peiriant_Wayback" title="Peiriant Wayback">Peiriant Wayback</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paleocene-mammals.de/">Paleocene Mammals</a>, a site covering the rise of the mammals, paleocene-mammals.de</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/mammals/Evolution.shtml">Evolution of Mammals</a>, a brief introduction to early mammals, enchantedlearning.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.european-mammals.org/php/mapmaker.php">European Mammal Atlas EMMA</a> from Societas Europaea Mammalogica, European-mammals.org</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://swfsc.noaa.gov/uploadedFiles/Divisions/PRD/Publications/Jeffersonetal93(14).pdf">Marine Mammals of the World</a> – An overview of all marine mammals, including descriptions, both fully aquatic and semi-aquatic, noaa.gov</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mammalogy.org">Mammalogy.org</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200301013904/http://www.mammalogy.org/">Archifwyd</a> 2020-03-01 yn y <a href="/wiki/Peiriant_Wayback" title="Peiriant Wayback">Peiriant Wayback</a> The American Society of Mammalogists was established in 1919 for the purpose of promoting the study of mammals, and this website includes a mammal image library</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cyfeiriadau">Cyfeiriadau</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Golygu'r adran: Cyfeiriadau" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamal&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Cyfeiriadau"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gwyddoniadur Cymru; Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru; Cyhoeddwyd 2008; tud 597</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">"Classification of Mammals". <i>Mammalogy</i> (arg. 6). Jones and Bartlett Learning. 2013. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-284-03209-3" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-284-03209-3"><bdi>978-1-284-03209-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Classification+of+Mammals&rft.btitle=Mammalogy&rft.edition=6&rft.pub=Jones+and+Bartlett+Learning&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-284-03209-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMamal" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Simpson-1945-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Simpson-1945_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">"Principles of classification, and a classification of mammals". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Museum of Natural History (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">American Museum of Natural History</a></i> <b>85</b>. 1945.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Szalay-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Szalay_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">"Classification of mammals above the species level: Review". <i>Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology</i> <b>19</b>: 191–195. 1999. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F02724634.1999.10011133">10.1080/02724634.1999.10011133</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/4523980">4523980</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/initiatives/mammals">"Mammals"</a>. <i>The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" class="mw-redirect" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">International Union for Conservation of Nature</a> (IUCN). 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London: Springer. 4 October 2014. t. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-4614-4354-4" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-4614-4354-4"><bdi>978-1-4614-4354-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/892735337">892735337</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evolution+of+Visual+and+Non-visual+Pigments&rft.place=London&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2014-10-04&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F892735337&rft.isbn=978-1-4614-4354-4&rft_id=%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAPWwBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMamal" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/02/0223_060223_beaver.html">"Jurassic "Beaver" Found; Rewrites History of Mammals"</a>. <i>National Geographic News</i>. 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic+News&rft.atitle=Jurassic+%22Beaver%22+Found%3B+Rewrites+History+of+Mammals&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnews%2F2006%2F02%2F0223_060223_beaver.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMamal" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3497252">"Eye shape and the nocturnal bottleneck of mammals"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</i> <b>279</b> (1749): 4962–8. December 2012. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1098%2Frspb.2012.2258">10.1098/rspb.2012.2258</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3497252/?tool=pmcentrez">3497252</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23097513">23097513</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3497252">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3497252</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Luo2007-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Luo2007_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">"Transformation and diversification in early mammal evolution". <i>Nature</i> <b>450</b> (7172): 1011–9. December 2007. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007Natur.450.1011L">2007Natur.450.1011L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature06277">10.1038/nature06277</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18075580">18075580</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/12/1215_031215_oldestmarsupial.html">"Oldest Marsupial Fossil Found in China"</a>. National Geographic News. 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oldest+Marsupial+Fossil+Found+in+China&rft.pub=National+Geographic+News&rft.date=2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnews%2F2003%2F12%2F1215_031215_oldestmarsupial.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMamal" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Juramaia-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Juramaia_28-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">"A Jurassic eutherian mammal and divergence of marsupials and placentals". <i>Nature</i> <b>476</b> (7361): 442–5. August 2011. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Natur.476..442L">2011Natur.476..442L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature10291">10.1038/nature10291</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21866158">21866158</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">"A Jurassic eutherian mammal and divergence of marsupials and placentals". <i>Nature</i> <b>476</b> (7361): 442–5. August 2011. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Natur.476..442L">2011Natur.476..442L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature10291">10.1038/nature10291</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21866158">21866158</a>.</span><cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFLuoYuanMengJi2011">Luo ZX, Yuan CX, Meng QJ, Ji Q (August 2011). "A Jurassic eutherian mammal and divergence of marsupials and placentals". <i>Nature</i>. <b>476</b> (7361): 442–5. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode_(dynodydd)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (dynodydd) (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Natur.476..442L">2011Natur.476..442L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Adnabyddwr_gwrthrychau_digidol" title="Adnabyddwr gwrthrychau digidol">doi</a>:<a href="//doi.org/10.1038/nature10291" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1038/nature10291">10.1038/nature10291</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21866158">21866158</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=S2CID_(dynodydd)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S2CID (dynodydd) (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205225806">205225806</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">"The earliest known eutherian mammal". <i>Nature</i> <b>416</b> (6883): 816–22. April 2002. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002Natur.416..816J">2002Natur.416..816J</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F416816a">10.1038/416816a</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976675">11976675</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Epipubic_bones_in_eutherian_mammals-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Epipubic_bones_in_eutherian_mammals_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">"Epipubic bones in eutherian mammals from the late Cretaceous of Mongolia". <i>Nature</i> <b>389</b> (6650): 483–6. October 1997. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997Natur.389..483N">1997Natur.389..483N</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F39020">10.1038/39020</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9333234">9333234</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">"Evolution of Live Birth in Mammals". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/evolutionofhuman0000powe"><i>Evolution of the Human Placenta</i></a>. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2012. t. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/evolutionofhuman0000powe/page/68">68</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-4214-0643-5" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-4214-0643-5"><bdi>978-1-4214-0643-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Evolution+of+Live+Birth+in+Mammals&rft.btitle=Evolution+of+the+Human+Placenta&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4214-0643-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fevolutionofhuman0000powe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMamal" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=lyGqD_GWQ7oC&&pg=PA82"><i>The Beginning of the Age of Mammals</i></a>. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2006. tt. 82–83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-8018-8472-6" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-8018-8472-6"><bdi>978-0-8018-8472-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/646769601">646769601</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Beginning+of+the+Age+of+Mammals&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pages=82-83&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F646769601&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-8472-6&rft_id=%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlyGqD_GWQ7oC%26%26pg%3DPA82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMamal" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SahneyBentonFerry2010LinksDiversityVertebrates-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SahneyBentonFerry2010LinksDiversityVertebrates_34-0">34.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SahneyBentonFerry2010LinksDiversityVertebrates_34-1">34.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2936204">"Links between global taxonomic diversity, ecological diversity and the expansion of vertebrates on land"</a>. <i>Biology Letters</i> <b>6</b> (4): 544–7. August 2010. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbl.2009.1024">10.1098/rsbl.2009.1024</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2936204/?tool=pmcentrez">2936204</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20106856">20106856</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2936204">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2936204</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-F.A.Smith-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-F.A.Smith_35-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">"The evolution of maximum body size of terrestrial mammals". <i>Science</i> <b>330</b> (6008): 1216–9. November 2010. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010Sci...330.1216S">2010Sci...330.1216S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1194830">10.1126/science.1194830</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21109666">21109666</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/articles/nature06549.epdf?referrer_access_token=vvnCZKFsJpI9PyHTMCW0AtRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0OIjnS1VOVvLEmlM3pVKicSGILcK5-gC0KUTwfjLtGsWX-Jl3sk3aQbBWjeluiuMfZh8gMqZJ4qV9dfir4OcYHZFaqbm8GbWK-9JqFbcMEjN3G_-d7t8hJWLm5RDaih5vZhy47BSgJOQDuz8aRMBtHCvZEWV7affpdxsSefk_6x80U5fE1N1SjLKUHVdainKEM%3D&tracking_referrer=arstechnica.com">"Primitive Early Eocene bat from Wyoming and the evolution of flight and echolocation"</a>. <i>Nature</i> <b>451</b> (7180): 818–21. February 2008. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008Natur.451..818S">2008Natur.451..818S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature06549">10.1038/nature06549</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18270539">18270539</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.nature.com/articles/nature06549.epdf?referrer_access_token=vvnCZKFsJpI9PyHTMCW0AtRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0OIjnS1VOVvLEmlM3pVKicSGILcK5-gC0KUTwfjLtGsWX-Jl3sk3aQbBWjeluiuMfZh8gMqZJ4qV9dfir4OcYHZFaqbm8GbWK-9JqFbcMEjN3G_-d7t8hJWLm5RDaih5vZhy47BSgJOQDuz8aRMBtHCvZEWV7affpdxsSefk_6x80U5fE1N1SjLKUHVdainKEM%3D&tracking_referrer=arstechnica.com">http://www.nature.com/articles/nature06549.epdf?referrer_access_token=vvnCZKFsJpI9PyHTMCW0AtRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0OIjnS1VOVvLEmlM3pVKicSGILcK5-gC0KUTwfjLtGsWX-Jl3sk3aQbBWjeluiuMfZh8gMqZJ4qV9dfir4OcYHZFaqbm8GbWK-9JqFbcMEjN3G_-d7t8hJWLm5RDaih5vZhy47BSgJOQDuz8aRMBtHCvZEWV7affpdxsSefk_6x80U5fE1N1SjLKUHVdainKEM%3D&tracking_referrer=arstechnica.com</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NTR-20130606-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NTR-20130606_37-0">37.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NTR-20130606_37-1">37.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NTR-20130606_37-2">37.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">"The oldest known primate skeleton and early haplorhine evolution". <i>Nature</i> <b>498</b> (7452): 60–4. June 2013. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013Natur.498...60N">2013Natur.498...60N</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature12200">10.1038/nature12200</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23739424">23739424</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vertebratebody0000rome_a5a9"><i>The Vertebrate Body</i></a>. Philadelphia: Holt-Saunders International. 1977. tt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vertebratebody0000rome_a5a9/page/129">129</a>–145. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-03-910284-5" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-03-910284-5"><bdi>978-0-03-910284-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/60007175">60007175</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Vertebrate+Body&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=129-145&rft.pub=Holt-Saunders+International&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F60007175&rft.isbn=978-0-03-910284-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvertebratebody0000rome_a5a9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMamal" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=kS-h84pMJw4C&pg=PA593"><i>Life: The Science of Biology</i></a> (arg. 6). New York: Sinauer Associates, Inc. 2001. t. 593. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7167-3873-2" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7167-3873-2"><bdi>978-0-7167-3873-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/874883911">874883911</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life%3A+The+Science+of+Biology&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=593&rft.edition=6&rft.pub=Sinauer+Associates%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F874883911&rft.isbn=978-0-7167-3873-2&rft_id=%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkS-h84pMJw4C%26pg%3DPA593&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMamal" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jawbone2006-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-jawbone2006_40-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=lyGqD_GWQ7oC&&pg=PA82"><i>The Beginning of the Age of Mammals</i></a>. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2006. tt. 82–83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-8018-8472-6" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-8018-8472-6"><bdi>978-0-8018-8472-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/646769601">646769601</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Beginning+of+the+Age+of+Mammals&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pages=82-83&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F646769601&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-8472-6&rft_id=%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlyGqD_GWQ7oC%26%26pg%3DPA82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMamal" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /><cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFRose2006">Rose KD (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lyGqD_GWQ7oC&&pg=PA82"><i>The Beginning of the Age of Mammals</i></a>. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 82–83. <a href="/wiki/Rhif_Llyfr_Safonol_Rhyngwladol" title="Rhif Llyfr Safonol Rhyngwladol">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:Ffynonellau_Llyfrau/978-0-8018-8472-6" class="new" title="Arbennig:Ffynonellau Llyfrau/978-0-8018-8472-6 (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)"><bdi>978-0-8018-8472-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/646769601">646769601</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3552421">"Evolution of the mammalian middle ear and jaw: adaptations and novel structures"</a>. <i>Journal of Anatomy</i> <b>222</b> (1): 147–60. January 2013. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1469-7580.2012.01526.x">10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01526.x</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3552421/?tool=pmcentrez">3552421</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22686855">22686855</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3552421">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3552421</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_paleobiology_spring-2005_31_2/page/324">"To replace or not to replace: the significance of reduced functional tooth replacement in marsupial and placental mammals"</a>. <i>Paleobiology</i> <b>31</b> (2): 324–346. 2005. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1666%2F0094-8373%282005%29031%5B0324%3Atrontr%5D2.0.co%3B2">10.1666/0094-8373(2005)031[0324:trontr]2.0.co;2</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_paleobiology_spring-2005_31_2/page/324">https://archive.org/details/sim_paleobiology_spring-2005_31_2/page/324</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5005898">"Aging of perennial cells and organ parts according to the programmed aging paradigm"</a>. <i>Age</i> <b>38</b> (2): 35. April 2016. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11357-016-9895-0">10.1007/s11357-016-9895-0</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5005898/?tool=pmcentrez">5005898</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26957493">26957493</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5005898">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5005898</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4447277">"A Systematic Study on Tooth Enamel Microstructures of Lambdopsalis bulla (Multituberculate, Mammalia)--Implications for Multituberculate Biology and Phylogeny"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i> <b>10</b> (5): e0128243. 2015. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PLoSO..1028243M">2015PLoSO..1028243M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0128243">10.1371/journal.pone.0128243</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4447277/?tool=pmcentrez">4447277</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26020958">26020958</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4447277">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4447277</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_american-naturalist_1900-12_34_408/page/943">"Origin of the Mammalia, III. Occipital Condyles of Reptilian Tripartite Type"</a>. <i>The American Naturalist</i> <b>34</b>: 943–947. 1900. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F277821">10.1086/277821</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/2453526">2453526</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_american-naturalist_1900-12_34_408/page/943">https://archive.org/details/sim_american-naturalist_1900-12_34_408/page/943</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_annual-review-of-earth-and-planetary-sciences_1973_1/page/131">"Mammals from Reptiles: A Review of Mammalian Origins"</a>. <i>Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences</i> <b>1</b>: 131–155. 1973. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1973AREPS...1..131C">1973AREPS...1..131C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.ea.01.050173.001023">10.1146/annurev.ea.01.050173.001023</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_annual-review-of-earth-and-planetary-sciences_1973_1/page/131">https://archive.org/details/sim_annual-review-of-earth-and-planetary-sciences_1973_1/page/131</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schulkin-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-schulkin_47-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=xfffGC3hjPoC&pg=PA1891"><i>The Evolution Of The Human Placenta</i></a>. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2013. tt. 1890–1891. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-4214-0643-5" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-4214-0643-5"><bdi>978-1-4214-0643-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/940749490">940749490</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Evolution+Of+The+Human+Placenta&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pages=1890-1891&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F940749490&rft.isbn=978-1-4214-0643-5&rft_id=%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxfffGC3hjPoC%26pg%3DPA1891&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMamal" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">"Sexual size dimorphism in mammals". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://swepub.kb.se/bib/swepub:oai:DiVA.org:su-16290?tab2=abs&language=en"><i>Sex, Size and Gender Roles: Evolutionary Studies of Sexual Size Dimorphism</i></a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2007. tt. 16–26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-19-920878-4" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-19-920878-4"><bdi>978-0-19-920878-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sexual+size+dimorphism+in+mammals&rft.btitle=Sex%2C+Size+and+Gender+Roles%3A+Evolutionary+Studies+of+Sexual+Size+Dimorphism&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=16-26&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-920878-4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fswepub.kb.se%2Fbib%2Fswepub%3Aoai%3ADiVA.org%3Asu-16290%3Ftab2%3Dabs%26language%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMamal" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=FIIgDk9i_GkC&pg=PA154"><i>CRC Handbook of Marine Mammal Medicine: Health, Disease, and Rehabilitation</i></a> (arg. 2). Boca Raton: CRC Press. 2001. t. 154. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-4200-4163-7" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-4200-4163-7"><bdi>978-1-4200-4163-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/166505919">166505919</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Marine+Mammal+Medicine%3A+Health%2C+Disease%2C+and+Rehabilitation&rft.place=Boca+Raton&rft.pages=154&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F166505919&rft.isbn=978-1-4200-4163-7&rft_id=%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFIIgDk9i_GkC%26pg%3DPA154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMamal" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3610574">"Development and evolution of the human neocortex"</a>. <i>Cell</i> <b>146</b> (1): 18–36. July 2011. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cell.2011.06.030">10.1016/j.cell.2011.06.030</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3610574/?tool=pmcentrez">3610574</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21729779">21729779</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3610574">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3610574</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1086100">"Absence of the Corpus Callosum as a Mendelizing Character in the House Mouse"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i> <b>19</b> (6): 609–11. June 1933. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1933PNAS...19..609K">1933PNAS...19..609K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.19.6.609">10.1073/pnas.19.6.609</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/86284">86284</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1086100/?tool=pmcentrez">1086100</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16587795">16587795</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1086100">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1086100</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">"Mechanics of Breathing". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pulmonaryphysiol0008levi"><i>Pulmonary physiology</i></a> (arg. 8). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. 2013. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-07-179313-1" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-07-179313-1"><bdi>978-0-07-179313-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/940633137">940633137</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mechanics+of+Breathing&rft.btitle=Pulmonary+physiology&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=8&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Medical&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F940633137&rft.isbn=978-0-07-179313-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpulmonaryphysiol0008levi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMamal" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bellows-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bellows_53-0">53.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bellows_53-1">53.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">"Pulmonary Anatomy and Physiology". <i>Handbook of Mechanical Ventilation</i> (arg. 1). New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishing. 2011. t. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-93-80704-74-6" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-93-80704-74-6"><bdi>978-93-80704-74-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/945076700">945076700</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pulmonary+Anatomy+and+Physiology&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Mechanical+Ventilation&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=12&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Jaypee+Brothers+Medical+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F945076700&rft.isbn=978-93-80704-74-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMamal" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/biologyc00camp/page/845"><i>Biology</i></a> (arg. 6th). Benjamin Cummings. 2002. t. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/biologyc00camp/page/845">845</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-8053-6624-2" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-8053-6624-2"><bdi>978-0-8053-6624-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/47521441">47521441</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biology&rft.pages=845&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Benjamin+Cummings&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F47521441&rft.isbn=978-0-8053-6624-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbiologyc00camp%2Fpage%2F845&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMamal" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-thermal-biology_1991-07_16_4/page/227">"Is the naked mole-rat <i>Hererocephalus glaber</i> an endothermic yet poikilothermic mammal?"</a>. <i>Journal of Thermal Biology</i> <b>16</b> (4): 227–232. 1991. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0306-4565%2891%2990030-6">10.1016/0306-4565(91)90030-6</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-thermal-biology_1991-07_16_4/page/227">https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-thermal-biology_1991-07_16_4/page/227</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">"Temperature Effects". <i>Animal Physiology: Adaptation and Environment</i> (arg. 5). Cambridge. 1997. t. 218. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-521-57098-5" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-521-57098-5"><bdi>978-0-521-57098-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/35744403">35744403</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Temperature+Effects&rft.btitle=Animal+Physiology%3A+Adaptation+and+Environment&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=218&rft.edition=5&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F35744403&rft.isbn=978-0-521-57098-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMamal" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080404213544/http://www.geocities.com/Yosemite/Forest/5238/Jill/Avian_Skeleton/leg.htm">"Leg and feet"</a>. <i>Avian Skeletal Adaptations</i>. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geocities.com/Yosemite/Forest/5238/Jill/Avian_Skeleton/leg.htm">gwreiddiol</a> ar 2008-04-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Avian+Skeletal+Adaptations&rft.atitle=Leg+and+feet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geocities.com%2FYosemite%2FForest%2F5238%2FJill%2FAvian_Skeleton%2Fleg.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMamal" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=LaaLNfY6gB8C&pg=PA3"><i>Anatomy and Dissection of the Fetal Pig</i></a> (arg. 5). New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. 1998. t. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7167-2637-1" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7167-2637-1"><bdi>978-0-7167-2637-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/40576267">40576267</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anatomy+and+Dissection+of+the+Fetal+Pig&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=3&rft.edition=5&rft.pub=W.+H.+Freeman+and+Company&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F40576267&rft.isbn=978-0-7167-2637-1&rft_id=%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLaaLNfY6gB8C%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMamal" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-physical-anthropology_2005-11_128_3/page/639">"Knuckle-walking anteater: a convergence test of adaptation for purported knuckle-walking features of African Hominidae"</a>. <i>American Journal of Physical Anthropology</i> <b>128</b> (3): 639–58. November 2005. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fajpa.20192">10.1002/ajpa.20192</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15861420">15861420</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-physical-anthropology_2005-11_128_3/page/639">https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-physical-anthropology_2005-11_128_3/page/639</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/204/4/797.pdf">"Energetics of terrestrial locomotion of the platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus"</a>. <i>The Journal of Experimental Biology</i> <b>204</b> (Pt 4): 797–803. February 2001. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1242%2Fjeb.204.4.797">10.1242/jeb.204.4.797</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11171362">11171362</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/204/4/797.pdf">http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/204/4/797.pdf</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philosophistry.com/static/bipedalism.html">"Comparative Bipedalism – How the Rest of the Animal Kingdom Walks on two legs"</a>. <i>Anthropological Science</i> <b>131</b> (231). 2004<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.philosophistry.com/static/bipedalism.html">http://www.philosophistry.com/static/bipedalism.html</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1571302">"Bipedal animals, and their differences from humans"</a>. <i>Journal of Anatomy</i> <b>204</b> (5): 321–30. May 2004. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.0021-8782.2004.00289.x">10.1111/j.0021-8782.2004.00289.x</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1571302/?tool=pmcentrez">1571302</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15198697">15198697</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1571302">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1571302</a></span>.</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>Wilson, D. E., a Reeder, D. M. (goln), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/">Mammal Species of the World</a></i>, 3ydd argraffiad (Johns Hopkins University Press)</li></ul> <div class="infobox" style="float:right;"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Wiktionary-logo-cy.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Wiktionary-logo-cy.png/50px-Wiktionary-logo-cy.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Wiktionary-logo-cy.png/75px-Wiktionary-logo-cy.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Wiktionary-logo-cy.png/100px-Wiktionary-logo-cy.png 2x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="155" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 60px;">Chwiliwch am <i><b><a href="https://cy.wiktionary.org/wiki/mamal" class="extiw" title="wikt:mamal">mamal</a></b></i><br />yn <a href="/wiki/Wiciadur" title="Wiciadur">Wiciadur</a>.</div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Wedi dod o "<a dir="ltr" href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mamal&oldid=13407318">https://cy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mamal&oldid=13407318</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:Categories" title="Arbennig:Categories">Categorïau</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:Mamaliaid" title="Categori:Mamaliaid">Mamaliaid</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:Rhestrau_anifeiliaid" title="Categori:Rhestrau anifeiliaid">Rhestrau anifeiliaid</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Chategori cudd: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:Nodyn" title="Categori:Nodyn">Nodyn</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:Erthyglau_gyda_microfformatiau_%27rhywogaeth%27" title="Categori:Erthyglau gyda microfformatiau 'rhywogaeth'">Erthyglau gyda microfformatiau 'rhywogaeth'</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Categori:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Golygwyd y dudalen hon ddiwethaf ar 22 Rhagfyr 2024, am 23:00.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Mae'r testun ar gael o dan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; gall telerau ychwanegol fod yn berthnasol. 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