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vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_efforts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.1 Early efforts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_efforts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Creation_and_new_building" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creation_and_new_building"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.2 Creation and new building </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creation_and_new_building-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 19th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 20th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1900s_to_1940s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1900s_to_1940s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.1 1900s to 1940s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1900s_to_1940s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1950s_to_1990s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1950s_to_1990s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.2 1950s to 1990s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1950s_to_1990s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 21st century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gilder_Center" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gilder_Center"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.1 Gilder Center </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gilder_Center-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Native_remains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Native_remains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.2 Native remains </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Native_remains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Original_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Original_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Original structure </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Original_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_York_State_Memorial_to_Theodore_Roosevelt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_York_State_Memorial_to_Theodore_Roosevelt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 New York State Memorial to Theodore Roosevelt </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_York_State_Memorial_to_Theodore_Roosevelt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mammal_halls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mammal_halls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Mammal halls </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mammal_halls-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Mammal halls subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Mammal_halls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Old_World_mammals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Old_World_mammals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Old World mammals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Old_World_mammals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Akeley_Hall_of_African_Mammals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Akeley_Hall_of_African_Mammals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1 Akeley Hall of African Mammals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Akeley_Hall_of_African_Mammals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hall_of_Asian_Mammals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hall_of_Asian_Mammals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.2 Hall of Asian Mammals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hall_of_Asian_Mammals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_World_mammals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_World_mammals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 New World mammals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_World_mammals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bernard_Family_Hall_of_North_American_Mammals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bernard_Family_Hall_of_North_American_Mammals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.1 Bernard Family Hall of North American Mammals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bernard_Family_Hall_of_North_American_Mammals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hall_of_Small_Mammals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hall_of_Small_Mammals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.1.1 Hall of Small Mammals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hall_of_Small_Mammals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Birds,_reptiles,_and_amphibian_halls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birds,_reptiles,_and_amphibian_halls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Birds, reptiles, and amphibian halls </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Birds,_reptiles,_and_amphibian_halls-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Birds, reptiles, and amphibian halls subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Birds,_reptiles,_and_amphibian_halls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sanford_Hall_of_North_American_Birds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sanford_Hall_of_North_American_Birds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Sanford Hall of North American Birds </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sanford_Hall_of_North_American_Birds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hall_of_Birds_of_the_World" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hall_of_Birds_of_the_World"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Hall of Birds of the World </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hall_of_Birds_of_the_World-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Whitney_Memorial_Hall_of_Oceanic_Birds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Whitney_Memorial_Hall_of_Oceanic_Birds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Whitney Memorial Hall of Oceanic Birds </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Whitney_Memorial_Hall_of_Oceanic_Birds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hall_of_Reptiles_and_Amphibians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hall_of_Reptiles_and_Amphibians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Hall of Reptiles and Amphibians </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hall_of_Reptiles_and_Amphibians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biodiversity_and_environmental_halls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biodiversity_and_environmental_halls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Biodiversity and environmental halls </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biodiversity_and_environmental_halls-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Biodiversity and environmental halls subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Biodiversity_and_environmental_halls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hall_of_Biodiversity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hall_of_Biodiversity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Hall of Biodiversity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hall_of_Biodiversity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hall_of_North_American_Forests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hall_of_North_American_Forests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Hall of North American Forests </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hall_of_North_American_Forests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Warburg_Hall_of_New_York_State_Environments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Warburg_Hall_of_New_York_State_Environments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Warburg Hall of New York State Environments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Warburg_Hall_of_New_York_State_Environments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Milstein_Hall_of_Ocean_Life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Milstein_Hall_of_Ocean_Life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Milstein Hall of Ocean Life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Milstein_Hall_of_Ocean_Life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_origins_and_cultural_halls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_origins_and_cultural_halls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Human origins and cultural halls </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Human_origins_and_cultural_halls-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Human origins and cultural halls subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Human_origins_and_cultural_halls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cultural_halls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_halls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Cultural halls </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_halls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stout_Hall_of_Asian_Peoples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stout_Hall_of_Asian_Peoples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.1 Stout Hall of Asian Peoples </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stout_Hall_of_Asian_Peoples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hall_of_African_Peoples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hall_of_African_Peoples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.2 Hall of African Peoples </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hall_of_African_Peoples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hall_of_Mexico_and_Central_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hall_of_Mexico_and_Central_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.3 Hall of Mexico and Central America </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hall_of_Mexico_and_Central_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_American_Peoples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_American_Peoples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.4 South American Peoples </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_American_Peoples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Margaret_Mead_Hall_of_Pacific_Peoples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Margaret_Mead_Hall_of_Pacific_Peoples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.5 Margaret Mead Hall of Pacific Peoples </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Margaret_Mead_Hall_of_Pacific_Peoples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Native_American_halls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Native_American_halls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.6 Native American halls </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Native_American_halls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Northwest_Coast_Hall" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northwest_Coast_Hall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.6.1 Northwest Coast Hall </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northwest_Coast_Hall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hall_of_Plains_Indians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hall_of_Plains_Indians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.6.2 Hall of Plains Indians </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hall_of_Plains_Indians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hall_of_Eastern_Woodlands_Indians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hall_of_Eastern_Woodlands_Indians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.6.3 Hall of Eastern Woodlands Indians </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hall_of_Eastern_Woodlands_Indians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_origins_halls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_origins_halls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Human origins halls </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_origins_halls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anne_and_Bernard_Spitzer_Hall_of_Human_Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anne_and_Bernard_Spitzer_Hall_of_Human_Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.1 Anne and Bernard Spitzer Hall of Human Origins </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anne_and_Bernard_Spitzer_Hall_of_Human_Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Earth_and_planetary_science_halls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Earth_and_planetary_science_halls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Earth and planetary science halls </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Earth_and_planetary_science_halls-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Earth and planetary science halls subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Earth_and_planetary_science_halls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arthur_Ross_Hall_of_Meteorites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arthur_Ross_Hall_of_Meteorites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Arthur Ross Hall of Meteorites </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arthur_Ross_Hall_of_Meteorites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allison_and_Roberto_Mignone_Halls_of_Gems_and_Minerals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allison_and_Roberto_Mignone_Halls_of_Gems_and_Minerals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Allison and Roberto Mignone Halls of Gems and Minerals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allison_and_Roberto_Mignone_Halls_of_Gems_and_Minerals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-David_S._and_Ruth_L._Gottesman_Hall_of_Planet_Earth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#David_S._and_Ruth_L._Gottesman_Hall_of_Planet_Earth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 David S. and Ruth L. Gottesman Hall of Planet Earth </div> </a> <ul id="toc-David_S._and_Ruth_L._Gottesman_Hall_of_Planet_Earth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fossil_halls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fossil_halls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Fossil halls </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fossil_halls-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Fossil halls subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Fossil_halls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Storage_facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storage_facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Storage facilities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storage_facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_displays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_displays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Public displays </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_displays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Halls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Halls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2.1 Halls </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Halls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fossils_on_display" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fossils_on_display"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2.2 Fossils on display </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fossils_on_display-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rose_Center_for_Earth_and_Space" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rose_Center_for_Earth_and_Space"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Rose Center for Earth and Space </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rose_Center_for_Earth_and_Space-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Richard_Gilder_Center_for_Science,_Education_and_Innovation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Richard_Gilder_Center_for_Science,_Education_and_Innovation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Richard Gilder Center for Science, Education and Innovation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Richard_Gilder_Center_for_Science,_Education_and_Innovation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exhibitions_Lab" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exhibitions_Lab"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Exhibitions Lab </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exhibitions_Lab-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research_Library" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_Library"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Research Library </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research_Library-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Activities </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Activities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Activities subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Research_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.1 Research activities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Southwestern_Research_Station" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southwestern_Research_Station"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.1.1 Southwestern Research Station </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southwestern_Research_Station-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Educational_outreach" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Educational_outreach"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.2 Educational outreach </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Educational_outreach-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Richard_Gilder_Graduate_School" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Richard_Gilder_Graduate_School"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.3 Richard Gilder Graduate School </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Richard_Gilder_Graduate_School-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Notable people </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Notable people subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Presidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.1 Presidents </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_associated_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_associated_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.2 Other associated names </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_associated_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surroundings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surroundings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Surroundings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surroundings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commentary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commentary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 Commentary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commentary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 In popular culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 Gallery </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 20 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 21 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 21.1 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 21.2 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 21.3 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 22 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">American Museum of Natural History</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" > 52 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%8A" title="المتحف الأمريكي للتاريخ الطبيعي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المتحف الأمريكي للتاريخ الطبيعي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C3%A9u_Americanu_d%27Historia_Natural" title="Muséu Americanu d'Historia Natural – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Muséu Americanu d'Historia Natural" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_T%C9%99bi%C9%99t_Tarixi_Muzeyi" title="Amerika Təbiət Tarixi Muzeyi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Amerika Təbiət Tarixi Muzeyi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%82%D3%99%D0%B1%D0%B8%D2%93%D3%99%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%8B" title="Америка тәбиғәт тарихы музейы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Америка тәбиғәт тарихы музейы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museu_Americ%C3%A0_d%27Hist%C3%B2ria_Natural" title="Museu Americà d'Història Natural – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Museu Americà d'Història Natural" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%A9_p%C5%99%C3%ADrodov%C4%9Bdn%C3%A9_muzeum" title="Americké přírodovědné muzeum – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Americké přírodovědné muzeum" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="American Museum of Natural History – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="American Museum of Natural History" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="American Museum of Natural History – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="American Museum of Natural History" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameerika_Loodusloomuuseum" title="Ameerika Loodusloomuuseum – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ameerika Loodusloomuuseum" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%A6%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%99%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Αμερικανικό Μουσείο Φυσικής Ιστορίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αμερικανικό Μουσείο Φυσικής Ιστορίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museo_Americano_de_Historia_Natural" title="Museo Americano de Historia Natural – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Museo Americano de Historia Natural" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usona_Muzeo_de_Natura_Historio" title="Usona Muzeo de Natura Historio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Usona Muzeo de Natura Historio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natur_Historiaren_Amerikar_Museoa" title="Natur Historiaren Amerikar Museoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Natur Historiaren Amerikar Museoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D8%B7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B9%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="موزه تاریخ طبیعی آمریکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موزه تاریخ طبیعی آمریکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_am%C3%A9ricain_d%27histoire_naturelle" title="Musée américain d'histoire naturelle – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Musée américain d'histoire naturelle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikaansk_Natoerhistoarysk_Museum" title="Amerikaansk Natoerhistoarysk Museum – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Amerikaansk Natoerhistoarysk Museum" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museo_Americano_de_Historia_Natural" title="Museo Americano de Historia Natural – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Museo Americano de Historia Natural" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EC%9E%90%EC%97%B0%EC%82%AC_%EB%B0%95%EB%AC%BC%EA%B4%80" title="미국 자연사 박물관 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국 자연사 박물관" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A2%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ամերիկյան բնագիտական թանգարան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ամերիկյան բնագիտական թանգարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="अमेरिकन म्यूजियम ऑफ नेचुरल हिस्ट्री – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अमेरिकन म्यूजियम ऑफ नेचुरल हिस्ट्री" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dki_prirodoslovni_muzej" title="Američki prirodoslovni muzej – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Američki prirodoslovni muzej" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_Sejarah_Alam_Amerika" title="Museum Sejarah Alam Amerika – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Museum Sejarah Alam Amerika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="American Museum of Natural History – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="American Museum of Natural History" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%9C%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%98%D7%91%D7%A2" title="המוזיאון האמריקאי לתולדות הטבע – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המוזיאון האמריקאי לתולדות הטבע" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ამერიკის ბუნების ისტორიის მუზეუმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ამერიკის ბუნების ისტორიის მუზეუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_Historiae_Naturalis_Americanum" title="Museum Historiae Naturalis Americanum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Museum Historiae Naturalis Americanum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="American Museum of Natural History – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="American Museum of Natural History" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF" title="അമേരിക്കൻ മ്യൂസിയം ഓഫ് നാച്ചുറൽ ഹിസ്റ്ററി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അമേരിക്കൻ മ്യൂസിയം ഓഫ് നാച്ചുറൽ ഹിസ്റ്ററി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzium_Sejarah_Semula_Jadi_Amerika" title="Muzium Sejarah Semula Jadi Amerika – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Muzium Sejarah Semula Jadi Amerika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%82%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Америкийн байгалийн түүхийн музей – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Америкийн байгалийн түүхийн музей" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="American Museum of Natural History – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="American Museum of Natural History" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%8F%B2%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8" title="アメリカ自然史博物館 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ自然史博物館" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="American Museum of Natural History – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="American Museum of Natural History" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%86_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%A2%D9%81_%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%B1%D9%84_%DB%81%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="امریکن میوزیم آف نیچرل ہسٹری – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="امریکن میوزیم آف نیچرل ہسٹری" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameryka%C5%84skie_Muzeum_Historii_Naturalnej" title="Amerykańskie Muzeum Historii Naturalnej – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Amerykańskie Muzeum Historii Naturalnej" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museu_Americano_de_Hist%C3%B3ria_Natural" title="Museu Americano de História Natural – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Museu Americano de História Natural" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Американский музей естественной истории – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Американский музей естественной истории" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="American Museum of Natural History – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="American Museum of Natural History" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="American Museum of Natural History – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="American Museum of Natural History" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C5%A1ki_prirodoslovni_muzej" title="Ameriški prirodoslovni muzej – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ameriški prirodoslovni muzej" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%86%D8%B2%DB%95%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%86_%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="مۆزەخانەی ئەمریکی بۆ مێژووی سروشتی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مۆزەخانەی ئەمریکی بۆ مێژووی سروشتی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dki_muzej_prirodne_istorije" title="Američki muzej prirodne istorije – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Američki muzej prirodne istorije" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="American Museum of Natural History – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="American Museum of Natural History" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="American Museum of Natural History – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="American Museum of Natural History" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="அமெரிக்க இயற்கை வரலாற்று அருங்காட்சியகம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அமெரிக்க இயற்கை வரலாற்று அருங்காட்சியகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikan_Do%C4%9Fa_Tarihi_M%C3%BCzesi" title="Amerikan Doğa Tarihi Müzesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Amerikan Doğa Tarihi Müzesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Американський музей природознавства – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Американський музей природознавства" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%86_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%A2%D9%81_%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%B1%D9%84_%DB%81%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="امریکن میوزیم آف نیچرل ہسٹری – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="امریکن میوزیم آف نیچرل ہسٹری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3o_t%C3%A0ng_L%E1%BB%8Bch_s%E1%BB%AD_T%E1%BB%B1_nhi%C3%AAn_Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3" title="Bảo tàng Lịch sử Tự nhiên Hoa Kỳ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bảo tàng Lịch sử Tự nhiên Hoa Kỳ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%99_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%9B%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A2" title="אמעריקאנער מוזיי פון נאטירלעכער היסטאריע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אמעריקאנער מוזיי פון נאטירלעכער היסטאריע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%8F%B2%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8" title="美國自然史博物館 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="美國自然史博物館" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%8F%B2%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8" title="美國自然史博物館 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美國自然史博物館" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q217717#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> 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href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&params=40_46_51_N_73_58_28_W_region:US_type:landmark">40°46′51″N 73°58′28″W / 40.78083°N 73.97444°W / 40.78083; -73.97444</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Natural history museum in Manhattan, New York</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the museum in New York City. For the museum in Washington, D.C., see <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="National Museum of Natural History">National Museum of Natural History</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_American_History" title="National Museum of American History">National Museum of American History</a> in Washington, D.C..</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">American Museum of Natural History</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Amnh-logo-2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Amnh-logo-2023.jpg/220px-Amnh-logo-2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Amnh-logo-2023.jpg/330px-Amnh-logo-2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Amnh-logo-2023.jpg/440px-Amnh-logo-2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3539" data-file-height="922" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:USA-NYC-American_Museum_of_Natural_History.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/USA-NYC-American_Museum_of_Natural_History.JPG/290px-USA-NYC-American_Museum_of_Natural_History.JPG" decoding="async" width="290" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/USA-NYC-American_Museum_of_Natural_History.JPG/435px-USA-NYC-American_Museum_of_Natural_History.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/USA-NYC-American_Museum_of_Natural_History.JPG/580px-USA-NYC-American_Museum_of_Natural_History.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4822" data-file-height="2748" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Facade of the east entrance from <a href="/wiki/Central_Park_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Park West">Central Park West</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="13" data-overlays="["_2f85d424dbdbedbcccef24306ab44d98af7779b8"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&revid=1273703138&groups=_2f85d424dbdbedbcccef24306ab44d98af7779b8" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&revid=1273703138&groups=_2f85d424dbdbedbcccef24306ab44d98af7779b8 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">April 6, 1869; 155 years ago (1869-04-06)<a href="#cite_note-dedication-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data locality">200 <a href="/wiki/Central_Park_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Park West">Central Park West</a> <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York, N.Y.</a> 10024 United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&params=40_46_51_N_73_58_28_W_region:US_type:landmark">40°46′51″N 73°58′28″W / 40.78083°N 73.97444°W / 40.78083; -73.97444</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Private <a href="/wiki/501(c)(3)_organization" title="501(c)(3) organization">501(c)(3) organization</a> <a href="/wiki/Natural_history_museum" title="Natural history museum">Natural history museum</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Visitors</th><td class="infobox-data">5 million (2018)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">President</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Sean_M._Decatur" title="Sean M. Decatur">Sean M. Decatur</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT:_AMNH_Names_New_Chief-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Public transit access</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Bus" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City Bus">New York City Bus</a>: <a href="/wiki/M7_(New_York_City_bus)" title="M7 (New York City bus)">M7</a>, <a href="/wiki/M10_(New_York_City_bus)" class="mw-redirect" title="M10 (New York City bus)">M10</a>, <a href="/wiki/M11_(New_York_City_bus)" title="M11 (New York City bus)">M11</a>, <a href="/wiki/M79_(New_York_City_bus)" title="M79 (New York City bus)">M79</a> <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a>: <a href="/wiki/B_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="B (New York City Subway service)"><img alt=""B" train" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/NYCS-bull-trans-B-Std.svg/20px-NYCS-bull-trans-B-Std.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/NYCS-bull-trans-B-Std.svg/30px-NYCS-bull-trans-B-Std.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/NYCS-bull-trans-B-Std.svg/40px-NYCS-bull-trans-B-Std.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a><a href="/wiki/C_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="C (New York City Subway service)"><img alt=""C" train" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/NYCS-bull-trans-C-Std.svg/20px-NYCS-bull-trans-C-Std.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/NYCS-bull-trans-C-Std.svg/30px-NYCS-bull-trans-C-Std.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/NYCS-bull-trans-C-Std.svg/40px-NYCS-bull-trans-C-Std.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a> trains at <a href="/wiki/81st_Street%E2%80%93Museum_of_Natural_History_station" title="81st Street–Museum of Natural History station">81st Street–Museum of Natural History</a> <a href="/wiki/1_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="1 (New York City Subway service)"><img alt=""1" train" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/NYCS-bull-trans-1-Std.svg/20px-NYCS-bull-trans-1-Std.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/NYCS-bull-trans-1-Std.svg/30px-NYCS-bull-trans-1-Std.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/NYCS-bull-trans-1-Std.svg/40px-NYCS-bull-trans-1-Std.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a> train at <a href="/wiki/79th_Street_station_(IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line)" title="79th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)">79th Street</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amnh.org/">www.amnh.org</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217717#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="padding:0; border:none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;color: #202122; background: #A8EDEF; line-height:1.5">American Museum of Natural History</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.5;color: #202122; background: #A8EDEF;"><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">U.S. National Register of Historic Places</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.5;color: #202122; background: #FFE978"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission" title="New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission">New York City Landmark</a></div> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Built</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">1874; 151 years ago (1874)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">NRHP reference <abbr title="number">No.</abbr></th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/76001235">76001235</a><a href="#cite_note-focus-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background: #A8EDEF">Significant dates</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Added to NRHP</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">June 24, 1976</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Designated NYCL</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">August 24, 1967</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> The American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) is a <a href="/wiki/Natural_history_museum" title="Natural history museum">natural history museum</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Upper_West_Side" title="Upper West Side">Upper West Side</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>.<a href="#cite_note-American_Museum_of_Natural_History-5">[5]</a> Located in Theodore Roosevelt Park, across the street from <a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a>, the museum complex comprises 21 interconnected buildings housing 45 permanent exhibition halls, in addition to a planetarium and a library. The museum collections contain about 32 million specimens<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Dioramas-6">[6]</a> of plants, animals, fungi, fossils, minerals, rocks, meteorites, human remains, and human <a href="/wiki/Cultural_artifact" title="Cultural artifact">cultural artifacts</a>, as well as specialized collections for frozen tissue and genomic and astrophysical data, of which only a small fraction can be displayed at any given time. The museum occupies more than 2,500,000 sq ft (232,258 m2). AMNH has a full-time scientific staff of 225, sponsors over 120 special field expeditions each year,<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> and averages about five million visits annually.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> The AMNH is a private <a href="/wiki/501(c)(3)_organization" title="501(c)(3) organization">501(c)(3) organization</a>.<a href="#cite_note-American_Museum_of_Natural_History-5">[5]</a> The naturalist <a href="/wiki/Albert_S._Bickmore" title="Albert S. Bickmore">Albert S. Bickmore</a> devised the idea for the American Museum of Natural History in 1861, and, after several years of advocacy, the museum opened within Central Park's <a href="/wiki/Arsenal_(Central_Park)" title="Arsenal (Central Park)">Arsenal</a> on May 22, 1871. The museum's first purpose-built structure in Theodore Roosevelt Park was designed by <a href="/wiki/Calvert_Vaux" title="Calvert Vaux">Calvert Vaux</a> and <a href="/wiki/J._Wrey_Mould" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Wrey Mould">J. Wrey Mould</a> and opened on December 22, 1877. Numerous wings have been added over the years, including the main entrance pavilion (named for <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>) in 1936 and the <a href="/wiki/Rose_Center_for_Earth_and_Space" title="Rose Center for Earth and Space">Rose Center for Earth and Space</a> in 2000. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_the_United_States" title="List of castles in the United States">List of castles in the United States</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding">Founding</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Founding">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_efforts">Early efforts</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early efforts">edit</a>]</div> The naturalist <a href="/wiki/Albert_S._Bickmore" title="Albert S. Bickmore">Albert S. Bickmore</a> devised the idea for the American Museum of Natural History in 1861.<a href="#cite_note-Davey_p._22-9">[9]</a> At the time, he was studying in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Louis_Agassiz" title="Louis Agassiz">Louis Agassiz</a>'s Museum of Comparative Zoology.<a href="#cite_note-Davey_p._22-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1999)_p._182-10">[10]</a> Observing that many European <a href="/wiki/Natural_history_museum" title="Natural history museum">natural history museums</a> were in populous cities, Bickmore wrote in a biography: "Now New York is our city of greatest wealth and therefore probably the best location for the future museum of natural history for our whole land."<a href="#cite_note-Davey_p._22-9">[9]</a> For several years, Bickmore lobbied for the establishment of a natural history museum in New York.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Upon the end of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, Bickmore asked numerous prominent New Yorkers, such as <a href="/wiki/William_E._Dodge_Jr." title="William E. Dodge Jr.">William E. Dodge Jr.</a>, to sponsor his museum.<a href="#cite_note-Davey_p._23-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Osborn_p._9-13">[13]</a> Although Dodge himself could not fund the museum at the time, he introduced the naturalist to <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Sr." title="Theodore Roosevelt Sr.">Theodore Roosevelt Sr.</a>, the father of future U.S. president <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Davey_p._23-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Osborn_pp._9-10-14">[14]</a> Calls for a natural history museum increased after <a href="/wiki/Barnum%27s_American_Museum" title="Barnum's American Museum">Barnum's American Museum</a> burned down in 1868.<a href="#cite_note-Davey_p._23-12">[12]</a> Eighteen prominent New Yorkers wrote a letter to the Central Park Commission that December, requesting the creation of a natural history museum in <a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1999)_p._182-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Davey_pp._23-24-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-Osborn_p._10-16">[16]</a> Central Park commissioner <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Haswell_Green" title="Andrew Haswell Green">Andrew Haswell Green</a> indicated his support for the project in January 1869.<a href="#cite_note-Osborn_p._10-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Davey_pp._23-24-15">[15]</a> A board of trustees was created for the museum. The next month, Bickmore and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hodges_Choate" title="Joseph Hodges Choate">Joseph Hodges Choate</a> drafted a <a href="/wiki/Charter" title="Charter">charter</a> for the museum, which the board of trustees approved without any changes. It was in this charter that the "American Museum of Natural History" name was first used.<a href="#cite_note-Davey_p._24-17">[17]</a> Bickmore said he wanted the museum's name to reflect his "expectation that our museum will ultimately become the leading institution of its kind in our country", similar to the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Davey_p._24-17">[17]</a> Before the museum was established, Bickmore needed to secure approval from <a href="/wiki/William_M._Tweed" title="William M. Tweed">Boss Tweed</a>, leader of the powerful and corrupt <a href="/wiki/Tammany_Hall" title="Tammany Hall">Tammany Hall</a> political organization. The legislation to establish the American Museum of Natural History had to be signed by <a href="/wiki/John_Thompson_Hoffman" class="mw-redirect" title="John Thompson Hoffman">John Thompson Hoffman</a>, the governor of New York, who was associated with Tweed.<a href="#cite_note-Davey_pp._24-25-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Creation_and_new_building">Creation and new building</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Creation and new building">edit</a>]</div> Hoffman signed the legislation creating the museum on April 6, 1869,<a href="#cite_note-timeline-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Davey_p._26-20">[20]</a> with John David Wolfe as its first president.<a href="#cite_note-Osborn_p._12-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[a]</a> Subsequently, the chairman of the AMNH's executive committee asked Green if the museum could use the top two stories of Central Park's <a href="/wiki/Arsenal_(Central_Park)" title="Arsenal (Central Park)">Arsenal</a>, and Green approved the request in January 1870.<a href="#cite_note-Davey_p._26-20">[20]</a> Insect specimens were placed on the lower level of the Arsenal,<a href="#cite_note-p88750696-23">[22]</a> while stones, fossils, mammals, birds, fish, and reptiles were placed on the upper level.<a href="#cite_note-p572448008-24">[23]</a> The museum opened within the Arsenal on May 22, 1871.<a href="#cite_note-p572448008-24">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1871-05-23-25">[24]</a> The AMNH became popular in the following years. The Arsenal location had 856,773 visitors in the first nine months of 1876 alone, more than the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a> had recorded for all of 1874.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1999)_p._183-26">[25]</a> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:570px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:The_American_Museum_journal_(c1900-(1918))_(17973760300).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drawing of the AMNH south facade, publication 1916"><img alt="Drawing of the AMNH south facade" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/The_American_Museum_journal_%28c1900-%281918%29%29_%2817973760300%29.jpg/562px-The_American_Museum_journal_%28c1900-%281918%29%29_%2817973760300%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="562" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/The_American_Museum_journal_%28c1900-%281918%29%29_%2817973760300%29.jpg/843px-The_American_Museum_journal_%28c1900-%281918%29%29_%2817973760300%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/The_American_Museum_journal_%28c1900-%281918%29%29_%2817973760300%29.jpg/1124px-The_American_Museum_journal_%28c1900-%281918%29%29_%2817973760300%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1716" data-file-height="458" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:The_American_Museum_journal_(c1900-(1918))_(17973760300).jpg" title="File:The American Museum journal (c1900-(1918)) (17973760300).jpg"> </a></div>Drawing of the AMNH south facade, publication 1916</div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_American_Museum_journal_(c1900-(1918))_(17971745188).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/The_American_Museum_journal_%28c1900-%281918%29%29_%2817971745188%29.jpg/220px-The_American_Museum_journal_%28c1900-%281918%29%29_%2817971745188%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/The_American_Museum_journal_%28c1900-%281918%29%29_%2817971745188%29.jpg/330px-The_American_Museum_journal_%28c1900-%281918%29%29_%2817971745188%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/The_American_Museum_journal_%28c1900-%281918%29%29_%2817971745188%29.jpg/440px-The_American_Museum_journal_%28c1900-%281918%29%29_%2817971745188%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1892" /></a><figcaption>This wing was built from 1874 to 1877.</figcaption></figure> Meanwhile, the AMNH's directors had identified Manhattan Square (bounded by <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Eighth Avenue (Manhattan)">Eighth Avenue/Central Park West</a>, 81st Street, <a href="/wiki/Ninth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Ninth Avenue (Manhattan)">Ninth Avenue/Columbus Avenue</a>, and 77th Street) as a site for a permanent structure.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1999)_p._182-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-p124530453-27">[26]</a> Several prominent New Yorkers had raised $500,000 to fund the construction of the new building. The city's park commissioners then reserved Manhattan Square as the site of the permanent museum, and another $200,000 was raised for the building fund.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1877-12-20-28">[27]</a> Numerous dignitaries and officials, including U.S. president <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a>, attended the museum's <a href="/wiki/Groundbreaking" title="Groundbreaking">groundbreaking</a> ceremony on June 3, 1874.<a href="#cite_note-Osborn_p._23-29">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1874-06-03-30">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-p572535543-31">[30]</a> The museum opened on December 22, 1877, with a ceremony attended by U.S. president <a href="/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes" title="Rutherford B. Hayes">Rutherford B. Hayes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1877-12-23-32">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1999)_p._183-26">[25]</a> The old exhibits were removed from the Arsenal in 1878, and the AMNH was debt-free by the next year.<a href="#cite_note-n132180234-33">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 19th century">edit</a>]</div> Originally, the AMNH was accessed by a temporary bridge that crossed a ditch, and it was closed during Sundays. The museum's trustees voted in May 1881 to complete the approaches from Central Park,<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1881-05-10-34">[33]</a> and work began later that year.<a href="#cite_note-p572968872-35">[34]</a> The landscape changes were nearly complete by mid-1882,<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1882-08-11-36">[35]</a> and a bridge over Central Park West opened that November.<a href="#cite_note-p573029686-37">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-p93994816-38">[37]</a> At this point, the AMNH's Manhattan Square building and the Arsenal could not physically fit any more objects, and the existing facilities, such as the 100-seat lecture hall, were insufficient to accommodate demand.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1882-09-30-39">[38]</a> The trustees began discussing the possibility of opening the museum on Sundays in May 1885,<a href="#cite_note-p94295081-40">[39]</a> and the state legislature approved a bill permitting Sunday operations the next year.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1886-04-02-41">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-p573216029-42">[41]</a> Despite advocacy from the working class,<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1886-01-17-43">[42]</a> the trustees opposed Sunday operations because it would be expensive to do so.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1886-12-29-44">[43]</a> At the time, the museum was open to the general public on Wednesdays through Saturdays, and it was open exclusively to members on Mondays and Tuesdays.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1889-02-27-45">[44]</a> The museum's collections continued to grow during the 1880s,<a href="#cite_note-n132180234-33">[32]</a> and it hosted various lectures through the 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1897-01-21-46">[45]</a> With several departments having been crowded out of the original building, New York state legislators introduced bills to expand the AMNH in early 1887;<a href="#cite_note-n132143775-47">[46]</a> thousands of teachers endorsed the legislation.<a href="#cite_note-n132144998-48">[47]</a> City parks engineer Montgomery A. Kellogg was directed to prepare plans for landscaping the site.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1887-02-19-49">[48]</a> In March 1888, the trustees approved an entrance pavilion at the center of the 77th Street elevation.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1888-03-29-50">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-p573349669-51">[50]</a> The <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Board_of_Estimate" title="New York City Board of Estimate">New York City Board of Estimate</a> began soliciting bids from general contractors in late 1889.<a href="#cite_note-n132143325-52">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-n132146997-53">[52]</a> Many of the objects and specimens in the museum's collection could not be displayed until the annex was opened.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1888-09-05-54">[53]</a> The original building was refurbished during 1890,<a href="#cite_note-p573563984-55">[54]</a> and the museum's library was transferred to the west wing that year.<a href="#cite_note-American_Museum_of_Natural_History_1890_p._22-56">[55]</a> The AMNH's trustees considered opening the museum on Sundays by February 1892<a href="#cite_note-p573719244-57">[56]</a> and stopped charging admission that July.<a href="#cite_note-p573700422-58">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1892-07-26-59">[58]</a> The museum began Sunday operations in August,<a href="#cite_note-p1016048750-60">[59]</a> and the southern entrance pavilion opened that November.<a href="#cite_note-p573738176-61">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1892-11-03-62">[61]</a> Even with the new wing, there was still not enough space for the museum's collection.<a href="#cite_note-n132180234-33">[32]</a> The city's Park Board approved a new lecture hall in January 1893,<a href="#cite_note-p573844372-63">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1893-01-20-64">[63]</a> but the hall was postponed that May in favor of a wing extending east on 77th Street.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1893-05-05-65">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-p573798149-66">[65]</a> A contract to furnish the east wing was awarded in June 1894.<a href="#cite_note-p573927961-67">[66]</a> When the east wing was nearly completed in February 1895, the AMNH's trustees asked state legislators for $200,000 to build a wing extending west on 77th Street.<a href="#cite_note-p574009754-68">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1895-02-14-69">[68]</a> The east wing was still being furnished by August;<a href="#cite_note-p574077149-70">[69]</a> its ground floor opened that December.<a href="#cite_note-p574123861-71">[70]</a> The museum's funds and collections continued to grow during this time.<a href="#cite_note-p574189462-72">[71]</a> A hall of mammals opened within the museum in November 1896.<a href="#cite_note-p1016137716-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-n132187228-74">[73]</a> That year, the AMNH received approval to extend the east wing northward along Central Park West, creating an L-shaped structure.<a href="#cite_note-n132186954-75">[74]</a> Plans for an expanded east wing were approved in June 1897,<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> and a contract was awarded two months later.<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-p574459388-78">[77]</a> The museum's director <a href="/wiki/Morris_K._Jesup" class="mw-redirect" title="Morris K. Jesup">Morris K. Jesup</a> also sponsored worldwide expeditions to obtain objects for the collection.<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> By mid-1898, the west wing, the expanded east wing, and a lecture hall at the center of the museum were underway;<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1898-04-17-80">[79]</a> however, the project encountered delays due to a lack of city funding.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1899-06-11-81">[80]</a> The west and east wings, with several exhibit halls, were nearly complete by late 1899, but the lecture hall had been delayed.<a href="#cite_note-p574653780-82">[81]</a> A hall dedicated to ancient Mexican art opened that December.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1899-12-17-83">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-n132190587-84">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 20th century">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1900s_to_1940s">1900s to 1940s</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1900s to 1940s">edit</a>]</div> The museum's 1,350-seat lecture hall opened in October 1900, as did the Native American and Mexican halls in the west wing.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1900-10-31-85">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-n132482034-86">[85]</a> During the 1900s, the AMNH sponsored several expeditions to grow its collection, including a trip to Mexico,<a href="#cite_note-p96183425-87">[86]</a> a trip to collect fauna from the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a>,<a href="#cite_note-p1013631335-88">[87]</a> a trip to collect art in China,<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1904-12-11-89">[88]</a> and an expedition to collect rocks in local caves.<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a> One such exhibition yielded a <a href="/wiki/Brontosaurus" title="Brontosaurus">brontosaurus</a> skeleton, which was the centerpiece of the dinosaur hall that opened in February 1905.<a href="#cite_note-n132488859-91">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1905-02-15-92">[91]</a> In the early 1920s, museum president <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fairfield_Osborn" title="Henry Fairfield Osborn">Henry Fairfield Osborn</a> planned a new entrance for the AMNH, which was to contain a memorial to <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacaulay-Lewis202196-93">[92]</a> Also around that time, the New York state government formed a commission to study the feasibility of a Roosevelt memorial.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacaulay-Lewis202196-93">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1995-01-27-94">[93]</a> After a dispute over whether to put the memorial in <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a> or in New York City,<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a> the government of New York City offered a site next to the AMNH for consideration.<a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a> The commission rejected a "conventional Greek mausoleum" design, instead opting to design a <a href="/wiki/Triumphal_arch" title="Triumphal arch">triumphal arch</a> and hall in a Roman style.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacaulay-Lewis202196-93">[92]</a> In 1925, the AMNH's trustees hosted an <a href="/wiki/Architectural_design_competition" title="Architectural design competition">architectural design competition</a>, selecting <a href="/wiki/John_Russell_Pope" title="John Russell Pope">John Russell Pope</a> to design the memorial hall.<a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-p1113191892-98">[97]</a> Construction began in 1929,<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1936-01-19-99">[98]</a> and the trustees approved final plans the next year.<a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> J. Harry McNally was the <a href="/wiki/General_contractor" title="General contractor">general contractor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a> Roosevelt's cousin, U.S. president <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>, dedicated the memorial on January 19, 1936.<a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-p1222212379-103">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1950s_to_1990s">1950s to 1990s</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1950s to 1990s">edit</a>]</div> The original building was later known as "Wing A". During the 1950s, the top floor was renovated into a library, being redecorated with what <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Gray_(architectural_historian)" title="Christopher Gray (architectural historian)">Christopher Gray</a> of The New York Times described as "dropped ceilings and the other usual insults".<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1994-06-19-104">[103]</a> The ten-story <a href="/wiki/Childs_Frick" title="Childs Frick">Childs Frick</a> Building, which contained the AMNH's fossil collection, was added to the museum in the 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_3A-105">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1975-04-092-106">[105]</a> The architect <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Roche" title="Kevin Roche">Kevin Roche</a> and his firm <a href="/wiki/Roche-Dinkeloo" title="Roche-Dinkeloo">Roche-Dinkeloo</a> have been responsible for the master planning of the museum since the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-Collins_1991-107">[106]</a> Various renovations to both the interior and exterior have been carried out. Renovations to the Dinosaur Hall were undertaken beginning in 1991,<a href="#cite_note-Collins_1991-107">[106]</a> and Roche-Dinkeloo designed the eight-story AMNH Library in 1992.<a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> The museum's Rose Center for Earth and Space was completed in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-Glancey-2000-109">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-2000-02-06-110">[109]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 21st century">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"><div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AMNH_S_flowerbed_jeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/AMNH_S_flowerbed_jeh.jpg/220px-AMNH_S_flowerbed_jeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/AMNH_S_flowerbed_jeh.jpg/330px-AMNH_S_flowerbed_jeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/AMNH_S_flowerbed_jeh.jpg/440px-AMNH_S_flowerbed_jeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3972" data-file-height="3042" /></a><figcaption>The old Romanesque Revival-style 77th Street entrance.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Central_atrium_of_the_Richard_Gilder_Center_for_Science,_Education,_and_Innovation_-_upper_level_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Central_atrium_of_the_Richard_Gilder_Center_for_Science%2C_Education%2C_and_Innovation_-_upper_level_view.jpg/220px-Central_atrium_of_the_Richard_Gilder_Center_for_Science%2C_Education%2C_and_Innovation_-_upper_level_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Central_atrium_of_the_Richard_Gilder_Center_for_Science%2C_Education%2C_and_Innovation_-_upper_level_view.jpg/330px-Central_atrium_of_the_Richard_Gilder_Center_for_Science%2C_Education%2C_and_Innovation_-_upper_level_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Central_atrium_of_the_Richard_Gilder_Center_for_Science%2C_Education%2C_and_Innovation_-_upper_level_view.jpg/440px-Central_atrium_of_the_Richard_Gilder_Center_for_Science%2C_Education%2C_and_Innovation_-_upper_level_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3717" data-file-height="2091" /></a><figcaption>The central atrium of the Richard Gilder Center for Science, Education, and Innovation.</figcaption></figure> </div></div> In 2001, the museum's lecture hall was renamed the Samuel J. and Ethel LeFrak Theater, after <a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._LeFrak" title="Samuel J. LeFrak">Samuel J. LeFrak</a> donated US$8 million to the AMNH.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-2001-07-15-111">[110]</a> The museum's south facade, spanning 77th Street from Central Park West to <a href="/wiki/Ninth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Ninth Avenue (Manhattan)">Columbus Avenue</a>, was cleaned and repaired, re-emerging in 2009. Steven Reichl, a spokesman for the museum, said that work would include restoring 650 black-cherry window frames and stone repairs. The museum's consultant on the latest renovation was <a href="/wiki/Wiss,_Janney,_Elstner_Associates,_Inc." title="Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc.">Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc.</a>, an architectural and engineering firm with headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Northbrook,_Illinois" title="Northbrook, Illinois">Northbrook, Illinois</a>.<a href="#cite_note-gray-112">[111]</a> The museum also restored the mural in Roosevelt Memorial Hall in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gilder_Center">Gilder Center</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Gilder Center">edit</a>]</div> In 2014, the museum published plans for a $325 million, 195,000 sq ft (18,100 m2) annex, the <a href="/wiki/Richard_Gilder" title="Richard Gilder">Richard Gilder</a> Center for Science, Education, and Innovation, on the Columbus Avenue side.<a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a> On October 11, 2016, the Landmarks Preservation Commission unanimously approved the expansion. Construction of the Gilder Center, which was expected to break ground the next year following design development and <a href="/wiki/Environmental_Impact_Statement" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental Impact Statement">Environmental Impact Statement</a> stages, would entail demolition of three museum buildings built between 1874 and 1935.<a href="#cite_note-Archpaper-Expansion-2016-115">[114]</a> The museum filed plans for the expansion in August 2017,<a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a> but due to community opposition, construction did not start until June 2019.<a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a> On May 4, 2023, the Gilder Center opened,<a href="#cite_note-Metropolis_2023_h274-119">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-Santos_2023_u646-120">[119]</a> and the museum had 1.5 million visitors over the next three months.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-2023-08-10-121">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Native_remains">Native remains</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Native remains">edit</a>]</div> In late 2023, the museum announced that it would stop displaying human remains from its collection.<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a> Despite the 1990 passage of the <a href="/wiki/Native_American_Graves_Protection_and_Repatriation_Act" title="Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act">Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act</a> (NAGPRA), as late as 2023, the AMNH held an estimated 1,900 Native American remains that had not been repatriated.<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> After the act was revised in January 2024, the AMNH's Eastern Woodlands and Great Plains halls were closed because the museum would have needed permission to display all of the artifacts in the halls.<a href="#cite_note-CBS_News_2024_k565-125">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-Yang_2024_x293-126">[125]</a> The museum agreed to repatriate the remains that July.<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Original_structure">Original structure</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Original structure">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AMNH_building_West_77th.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/AMNH_building_West_77th.jpg/220px-AMNH_building_West_77th.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/AMNH_building_West_77th.jpg/330px-AMNH_building_West_77th.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/AMNH_building_West_77th.jpg/440px-AMNH_building_West_77th.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3272" data-file-height="2478" /></a><figcaption>This building was completed by the end of the 19th century. The buildings beside this one would be complete in the early 20th century. Currently, this building houses (first floor to fourth floor) the Grand Gallery, <a href="#Hall_of_Birds_of_the_World">Birds of the World</a>, Primates, and <a href="#Fossil_Halls">the Wallach Orientation Center</a>.</figcaption></figure>The original <a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Victorian Gothic</a> building was designed by <a href="/wiki/Calvert_Vaux" title="Calvert Vaux">Calvert Vaux</a> and <a href="/wiki/J._Wrey_Mould" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Wrey Mould">J. Wrey Mould</a>, both already closely identified with the architecture of Central Park.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPreston198619–20-128">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1999)_pp._182-183-129">[128]</a> Vaux and Mould's original plan was intended to complement the Metropolitan Museum of Art on the opposite side of Central Park.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1999)_pp._182-183-129">[128]</a> The original building, as constructed, was at the center of the 77th Street <a href="/wiki/Frontage" title="Frontage">frontage</a> and measured 199 by 66 feet (61 by 20 m) across;<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1877-12-202-130">[129]</a> it featured a gallery measuring 112 feet (34 m) long200 ft (61 m) tall. This gallery contained a raised basement, three stories of exhibits, Venetian Gothic arches, and an attic with <a href="/wiki/Dormer" title="Dormer">dormers</a> and a slate roof.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1999)_p._183-26">[25]</a> The rear of the gallery included two towers: one containing a stairwell and the other containing curators' rooms.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1877-12-202-130">[129]</a> The original structure still exists but is hidden from view by the many buildings in the complex that today occupy most of Manhattan Square.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPreston198619–20-128">[127]</a> The museum remains accessible through its 77th Street foyer, which has since been renamed the Grand Gallery.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Grand_Gallery-131">[130]</a> The full plan called for twelve pavilions similar in design to the original building. Eight pavilions would have been arranged as the sides of a square, while the remaining four would be perpendicular to each other in the interior of the square. There were to be eight towers along the perimeter of the square, as well as a 120 ft-wide (37 m) dome in the center, at the intersection of the four interior pavilions.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1999)_p._183-26">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-p572700850-132">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-p7976420-133">[132]</a> In each pavilion, there was to be a ground floor; the second floor was to contain a gallery; the third floor was to exhibit specimens; and the fourth floor was to be used for research.<a href="#cite_note-p124530453-27">[26]</a> Upon the intended completion of the master plan, the museum would measure 850 ft (260 m) from north to south and 650 ft (200 m) from west to east, including projections from the square.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1999)_p._183-26">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-p572700850-132">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-p7976420-133">[132]</a> The finished structure, with a ground area of over 18 acres (7.3 ha),<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1877-12-20-28">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-p7976420-133">[132]</a> would have been the largest building in North America, as well as the largest museum building in the world.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1999)_pp._182-183-129">[128]</a> The master plan was never fully realized;<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1995-01-272-134">[133]</a> by 2015, the museum consisted of 25 separate buildings that were poorly connected.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-DesignExpansion-2015-135">[134]</a> The original building was soon eclipsed by the west and east wings of the southern frontage, designed by <a href="/wiki/J._Cleaveland_Cady" title="J. Cleaveland Cady">J. Cleaveland Cady</a> as a brownstone <a href="/wiki/Richardsonian_Romanesque" title="Richardsonian Romanesque">neo-Romanesque</a> structure.<a href="#cite_note-gray-112">[111]</a> It extends 700 ft (210 m) along West 77th Street,<a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a> with corner towers 150 ft (46 m) tall. Its pink brownstone and granite, similar to that found at <a href="/wiki/Grindstone_Island" title="Grindstone Island">Grindstone Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_River" title="St. Lawrence River">St. Lawrence River</a>, came from quarries at Picton Island, New York.<a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a> The southern wing contains several halls ranging in size from 60 by 110 feet (18 m × 34 m) to 30 ft × 125 ft (9.1 m × 38.1 m).<a href="#cite_note-p573738176-61">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1892-11-03-62">[61]</a> At the ends of either wings are rounded <a href="/wiki/Turret_(architecture)" title="Turret (architecture)">turret</a>-like towers.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1898-04-17-80">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-p574653780-82">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="New_York_State_Memorial_to_Theodore_Roosevelt">New York State Memorial to Theodore Roosevelt</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: New York State Memorial to Theodore Roosevelt">edit</a>]</div> The main entrance hall on Central Park West is formally known as the New York State Memorial to Theodore Roosevelt. Completed by <a href="/wiki/John_Russell_Pope" title="John Russell Pope">John Russell Pope</a> in 1936, it is an over-scaled <a href="/wiki/Beaux-Arts_architecture" title="Beaux-Arts architecture">Beaux-Arts</a> monument to former U.S. president <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1995-01-27-94">[93]</a> The hall was originally supposed to have formed one end of an "Intermuseum Promenade" through Central Park, connecting with the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a> to the east,<a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a> but the promenade was never completed.<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> The memorial hall has a pink-granite facade, which is modeled after Roman arches.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1936-01-19-99">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELandmarks_Preservation_Commission19753-140">[139]</a> In front of the hall on Central Park West is a terrace measuring 350 ft (110 m) long, as well as a series of steps. The main entrance consists of an arch measuring 60 ft (18 m) high.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1936-01-19-99">[98]</a> The underside of the arch is a <a href="/wiki/Coffer" title="Coffer">coffered</a> granite vestibule, which leads to a bronze, glass, and marble screen.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1936-01-19-99">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmerican_Museum_of_Natural_History193611-141">[140]</a> On either side of the arch are niches that contain sculptures of a bison and a bear.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmerican_Museum_of_Natural_History193611-141">[140]</a> It is flanked by two pairs of columns, which are topped by figures of American explorers <a href="/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon">John James Audubon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Boone" title="Daniel Boone">Daniel Boone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meriwether_Lewis" title="Meriwether Lewis">Meriwether Lewis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/William_Clark" title="William Clark">William Clark</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacaulay-Lewis202197-142">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1936-01-19-99">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELandmarks_Preservation_Commission19753-140">[139]</a> These figures were sculpted by <a href="/wiki/James_Earle_Fraser_(sculptor)" title="James Earle Fraser (sculptor)">James Earle Fraser</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1936-01-19-99">[98]</a> and are about 30 ft (9.1 m) high.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmerican_Museum_of_Natural_History193611-141">[140]</a> In the attic above the main archway, there is an inscription describing Roosevelt's accomplishments.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacaulay-Lewis202197-142">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1936-01-19-99">[98]</a> The words "Truth", "Knowledge", and "Vision" are carved into the <a href="/wiki/Entablature" title="Entablature">entablature</a> under this inscription.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacaulay-Lewis202197-142">[141]</a> Fraser also designed an <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_Statue_of_Theodore_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Equestrian Statue of Theodore Roosevelt">equestrian statue of Theodore Roosevelt</a>, flanked by a Native American and an African American, which originally stood outside the memorial hall. In the 21st century, the statue generated controversy due to its subordinate depiction of these figures behind Roosevelt.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacaulay-Lewis202197–98-143">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a> This prompted AMNH officials to announce in 2020 that they would remove the statue.<a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-Durón_Durón_2020-146">[145]</a> The statue was removed in January 2022 and will be on a long-term loan to the <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Presidential_Library" title="Theodore Roosevelt Presidential Library">Theodore Roosevelt Presidential Library</a> in North Dakota.<a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPR.org_2022-148">[147]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Natural_History_Museum_467821248_0f115644b4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/American_Natural_History_Museum_467821248_0f115644b4.jpg/170px-American_Natural_History_Museum_467821248_0f115644b4.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/American_Natural_History_Museum_467821248_0f115644b4.jpg/255px-American_Natural_History_Museum_467821248_0f115644b4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/American_Natural_History_Museum_467821248_0f115644b4.jpg/340px-American_Natural_History_Museum_467821248_0f115644b4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>The Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Hall is the main ticketing lobby.</figcaption></figure>The interior of the Memorial Hall measures 67 by 120 ft (20 by 37 m) across, with a barrel-vaulted ceiling measuring 100 ft (30 m) tall.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacaulay-Lewis202198-149">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1936-01-19-99">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELandmarks_Preservation_Commission19753–4-150">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmerican_Museum_of_Natural_History193611–12-151">[150]</a> The ceiling contains octagonal coffers, while the floors are made of mosaic marble tiles.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELandmarks_Preservation_Commission19753–4-150">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmerican_Museum_of_Natural_History193612-152">[151]</a> The lowest 9 ft (2.7 m) of the walls are <a href="/wiki/Wainscot" class="mw-redirect" title="Wainscot">wainscoted</a> in marble, above which the walls of the memorial hall are made of limestone. The top of each wall contains a marble band and a <a href="/wiki/Corinthian_order" title="Corinthian order">Corinthian</a> entablature.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELandmarks_Preservation_Commission19754-153">[152]</a> Each of the Memorial Hall's four sides contains two red-marble columns, each measuring 48 ft (15 m) tall and rising from a <a href="/wiki/Botticino_marble" class="mw-redirect" title="Botticino marble">Botticino marble</a> pedestal. There are rounded windows at <a href="/wiki/Clerestory" title="Clerestory">clerestory</a> level on the north and south walls.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELandmarks_Preservation_Commission19754-153">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmerican_Museum_of_Natural_History193612-152">[151]</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Andrew_MacKay" title="William Andrew MacKay">William Andrew MacKay</a> designed three 62 ft-wide (19 m) murals depicting important events in Roosevelt's life: the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a> on the north wall, African exploration on the west wall, and the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Portsmouth" title="Treaty of Portsmouth">Treaty of Portsmouth</a> on the south wall.<a href="#cite_note-p1114836167-154">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a> The east and west walls, contain four quotes from Roosevelt under the headings "Nature", "Manhood", "Youth", and "The State".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacaulay-Lewis202198-149">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELandmarks_Preservation_Commission19754-153">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmerican_Museum_of_Natural_History193613-156">[155]</a> The Memorial Hall originally connected to various classrooms, exhibition rooms, and a 600-person auditorium.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1936-01-19-99">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmerican_Museum_of_Natural_History193614-157">[156]</a> Directly underneath the Memorial Hall is an entrance to the <a href="/wiki/81st_Street%E2%80%93Museum_of_Natural_History_station" title="81st Street–Museum of Natural History station">81st Street–Museum of Natural History station</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1936-01-19-99">[98]</a> Today, the hall connects to the Akeley Hall of African Mammals and the Hall of Asian Mammals. The Memorial Hall contains four exhibits that describe Theodore Roosevelt's conservation activities in his youth, early adulthood, U.S. presidency, and post-presidency.<a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mammal_halls">Mammal halls</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Mammal halls">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Old_World_mammals">Old World mammals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Old World mammals">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Akeley_Hall_of_African_Mammals">Akeley Hall of African Mammals</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Akeley Hall of African Mammals">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Akeley_Hall_of_African_Mammals_at_AMNH.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Akeley_Hall_of_African_Mammals_at_AMNH.jpg/220px-Akeley_Hall_of_African_Mammals_at_AMNH.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Akeley_Hall_of_African_Mammals_at_AMNH.jpg/330px-Akeley_Hall_of_African_Mammals_at_AMNH.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Akeley_Hall_of_African_Mammals_at_AMNH.jpg/440px-Akeley_Hall_of_African_Mammals_at_AMNH.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3871" data-file-height="2431" /></a><figcaption>Akeley Hall of African Mammals</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Akeley6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Akeley6.jpg/220px-Akeley6.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Akeley6.jpg/330px-Akeley6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Akeley6.jpg/440px-Akeley6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="351" /></a><figcaption>James L. Clark (right) and assistants mount specimens for the "Lions" diorama</figcaption></figure>Named after taxidermist <a href="/wiki/Carl_Akeley" title="Carl Akeley">Carl Akeley</a>, the Akeley Hall of African Mammals is a two-story hall on the second floor, directly west of the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Hall. It connects to the Hall of African Peoples to the west.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Map-159">[158]</a> The Hall of African Mammals' 28 dioramas depict in meticulous detail the great range of ecosystems found in Africa and the mammals endemic to them. The centerpiece of the hall is a herd of eight <a href="/wiki/African_elephants" class="mw-redirect" title="African elephants">African elephants</a> in a characteristic 'alarmed' formation.<a href="#cite_note-archive1-160">[159]</a> Though the mammals are typically the main feature in the dioramas, birds and flora of the regions are occasionally featured as well.<a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a> The hall in its current form was completed in 1936.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1936-05-17-162">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-p1330087090-163">[162]</a> The Hall of African Mammals was first proposed to the museum by Carl Akeley around 1909; he proposed 40 dioramas featuring the rapidly vanishing landscapes and animals of Africa. Daniel Pomeroy, a trustee of the museum and partner at <a href="/wiki/J.P._Morgan_%26_Co." title="J.P. Morgan & Co.">J.P. Morgan & Co.</a>, offered investors the opportunity to accompany the museum's expeditions in Africa in exchange for funding.<a href="#cite_note-peabody.yale.edu-164">[163]</a> Akeley began collecting specimens for the hall as early as 1909, famously encountering <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> in the midst of the Smithsonian-Roosevelt African expedition.<a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a> On these early expeditions, Akeley was accompanied by his former apprentice in taxidermy, <a href="/wiki/James_L._Clark" title="James L. Clark">James L. Clark</a>, and artist, <a href="/wiki/William_Robinson_Leigh" title="William Robinson Leigh">William R. Leigh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-peabody.yale.edu-164">[163]</a> When Akeley returned to Africa to collect gorillas for the hall's first diorama, Clark remained behind and began scouring the country for artists to create the backgrounds. The eventual appearance of the first habitat groups impacted the design of other diorama halls, including Birds of the World, the Hall of North American Mammals, the <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Stannard_Vernay" title="Arthur Stannard Vernay">Vernay</a> Hall of Southeast Asian Mammals, and the Hall of Oceanic Life.<a href="#cite_note-peabody.yale.edu-164">[163]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bongo_diorama_at_the_AMNH_African_Mammal_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Bongo_diorama_at_the_AMNH_African_Mammal_Hall.jpg/220px-Bongo_diorama_at_the_AMNH_African_Mammal_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Bongo_diorama_at_the_AMNH_African_Mammal_Hall.jpg/330px-Bongo_diorama_at_the_AMNH_African_Mammal_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Bongo_diorama_at_the_AMNH_African_Mammal_Hall.jpg/440px-Bongo_diorama_at_the_AMNH_African_Mammal_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Diorama of Bongo antelopes in the Hall of African Mammals</figcaption></figure> After Akeley's unexpected death during the Eastman-Pomeroy expedition in 1926, responsibility of the hall's completion fell to James L. Clark, who hired architectural artist <a href="/wiki/James_Perry_Wilson" title="James Perry Wilson">James Perry Wilson</a> in 1933 to assist Leigh in the painting of backgrounds. Wilson made many improvements on Leigh's techniques, including a range of methods to minimize the distortion caused by the dioramas' curved walls.<a href="#cite_note-peabody.yale.edu-164">[163]</a> In 1936, <a href="/wiki/William_Durant_Campbell" class="mw-redirect" title="William Durant Campbell">William Durant Campbell</a>, a wealthy board member with a desire to see Africa, offered to fund several dioramas if allowed to obtain the specimens himself. Clark agreed to this arrangement, resulting in the acquisition of numerous large specimens.<a href="#cite_note-peabody.yale.edu-164">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a> Kane joined Leigh, Wilson, and several other artists in completing the hall's remaining dioramas.<a href="#cite_note-amnh.org-167">[166]</a> Though construction of the hall was completed in 1936,<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1936-05-17-162">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-p1330087090-163">[162]</a> the dioramas gradually opened between the mid-1920s and early 1940s.<a href="#cite_note-amnh.org-167">[166]</a> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th>Species and locations represented in Akeley Hall<a href="#cite_note-amnh.org-167">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kwango_River" title="Kwango River">Upper Cuango and Luando Rivers</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Giant_sable_antelope" title="Giant sable antelope">Giant sable antelope</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kalahari_Desert" title="Kalahari Desert">Kalahari Desert</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gemsbok" title="Gemsbok">Gemsbok</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>– </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Black_wildebeest" title="Black wildebeest">Black wildebeest</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blesbok" title="Blesbok">Blesbok</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Springbok" title="Springbok">Springbok</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bipindi" title="Bipindi">Bipindi</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mandrill" title="Mandrill">Mandrill</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gaboon_viper" title="Gaboon viper">Gaboon viper</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mountain_nyala" title="Mountain nyala">Mountain nyala</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cavalla_River" title="Cavalla River">Cavalla River</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chimpanzee" title="Chimpanzee">Chimpanzee</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aberdare_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Aberdare Mountains">Aberdare Mountains</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bongo_(antelope)" title="Bongo (antelope)">Bongo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Giant_forest_hog" title="Giant forest hog">Giant forest hog</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>– </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leopard" title="Leopard">Leopard</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bushpig" title="Bushpig">Bushpig</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>– </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mantled_guereza" title="Mantled guereza">Mantled guereza</a> (listed as white-mantled colobus) </td></tr> <tr> <td>(<a href="/wiki/Mount_Kenya" title="Mount Kenya">Mount Kenya</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/African_buffalo" title="African buffalo">African buffalo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cattle_egret" title="Cattle egret">Cattle egret</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>– </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Black_rhinoceros" title="Black rhinoceros">Black rhinoceros</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Red-billed_oxpecker" title="Red-billed oxpecker">Red-billed oxpecker</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(<a href="/wiki/Ewaso_Ng%27iro" title="Ewaso Ng'iro">Ewaso Ng'iro</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Giraffe" title="Giraffe">Giraffe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grevy%27s_zebra" class="mw-redirect" title="Grevy's zebra">Grevy's zebra</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grant%27s_gazelle" title="Grant's gazelle">Northern Grant's gazelle</a> (listed as Rainey's gazelle) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beisa_oryx" class="mw-redirect" title="Beisa oryx">Beisa oryx</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(<a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ostrich" title="Ostrich">Ostrich</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Common_warthog" title="Common warthog">Common warthog</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elephant_shrew" title="Elephant shrew">Elephant shrew</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(Lukenya Hills) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Klipspringer" title="Klipspringer">Klipspringer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Olive_baboon" title="Olive baboon">Olive baboon</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mountain_reedbuck" title="Mountain reedbuck">Mountain reedbuck</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yellow-spotted_rock_hyrax" title="Yellow-spotted rock hyrax">Yellow-spotted rock hyrax</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> (<a href="/wiki/Libyan_Desert" title="Libyan Desert">Libyan Desert</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scimitar_oryx" title="Scimitar oryx">Scimitar oryx</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Addra_gazelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Addra gazelle">Addra gazelle</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Addax" title="Addax">Addax</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zambezi_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Zambezi River">Zambezi River</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cheetah" title="Cheetah">Cheetah</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/DR_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="DR Congo">DR Congo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ituri_Rainforest" title="Ituri Rainforest">Ituri Rainforest</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Okapi" title="Okapi">Okapi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(<a href="/wiki/Virunga_Mountains" title="Virunga Mountains">Kivu Mountain</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mountain_gorilla" title="Mountain gorilla">Mountain gorilla</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(<a href="/wiki/Uele_River" title="Uele River">Uele River</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/White_rhinoceros" title="White rhinoceros">White rhinoceros</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Crested_porcupine" title="Crested porcupine">Crested porcupine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lake_No" title="Lake No">Lake No</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hippopotamus" title="Hippopotamus">Hippopotamus</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sitatunga" title="Sitatunga">Sitatunga</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kob" title="Kob">White eared kob</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Waterbuck" title="Waterbuck">Waterbuck</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roan_antelope" title="Roan antelope">Roan antelope</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nile_lechwe" title="Nile lechwe">Nile lechwe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shoebill" title="Shoebill">Shoebill</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(<a href="/wiki/Bahr_el_Ghazal_(region_of_South_Sudan)" title="Bahr el Ghazal (region of South Sudan)">Bahr el Ghazal</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Giant_eland" title="Giant eland">Giant eland</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Standard-winged_nightjar" title="Standard-winged nightjar">Standard-winged nightjar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mount_Kilimanjaro" title="Mount Kilimanjaro">Mount Kilimanjaro</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greater_kudu" title="Greater kudu">Greater kudu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(<a href="/wiki/Serengeti_National_Park" title="Serengeti National Park">Serengeti Plains</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blue_wildebeest" title="Blue wildebeest">Blue wildebeest</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plains_zebra" title="Plains zebra">Plains zebra</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lichtenstein%27s_hartebeest" title="Lichtenstein's hartebeest">Lichtenstein's hartebeest</a> (listed as <a href="/wiki/Bubal_hartebeest" title="Bubal hartebeest">bubal hartebeest</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Topi" title="Topi">Topi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Common_eland" title="Common eland">Eland</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thomson%27s_gazelle" title="Thomson's gazelle">Thomson's gazelle</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grant%27s_gazelle" title="Grant's gazelle">Grant's gazelle</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>– </td> <td><a href="/wiki/African_wild_dog" title="African wild dog">Hunting dog</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>– </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spotted_hyena" title="Spotted hyena">Spotted hyena</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Black-backed_jackal" title="Black-backed jackal">Black-backed jackal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lappet-faced_vulture" title="Lappet-faced vulture">Lappet-faced vulture</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCppell%27s_vulture" title="Rüppell's vulture">Rüppell's vulture</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/White-backed_vulture" title="White-backed vulture">White-backed vulture</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hooded_vulture" title="Hooded vulture">Hooded vulture</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marabou_stork" title="Marabou stork">Marabou stork</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/White-necked_raven" title="White-necked raven">White-necked raven</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(<a href="/wiki/Lake_Victoria" title="Lake Victoria">Lake Victoria</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">Lion</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>– </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Impala" title="Impala">Impala</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hedgehog" title="Hedgehog">Hedgehog</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(Gulave) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lesser_kudu" title="Lesser kudu">Lesser kudu</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gerenuk" title="Gerenuk">Gerenuk</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dik-dik" title="Dik-dik">Dik-dik</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vulturine_guineafowl" title="Vulturine guineafowl">Vulturine guineafowl</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hall_of_Asian_Mammals">Hall of Asian Mammals</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Hall of Asian Mammals">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_elephant_in_Hall_of_Asian_Mammals_at_AMNH.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Indian_elephant_in_Hall_of_Asian_Mammals_at_AMNH.jpg/220px-Indian_elephant_in_Hall_of_Asian_Mammals_at_AMNH.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Indian_elephant_in_Hall_of_Asian_Mammals_at_AMNH.jpg/330px-Indian_elephant_in_Hall_of_Asian_Mammals_at_AMNH.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Indian_elephant_in_Hall_of_Asian_Mammals_at_AMNH.jpg/440px-Indian_elephant_in_Hall_of_Asian_Mammals_at_AMNH.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3919" data-file-height="2794" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Indian_elephant" title="Indian elephant">Indian elephant</a> in the Hall of Asian Mammals</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_rhinoceros_diorama_at_the_Hall_of_Asian_Mammals_at_AMNH.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Indian_rhinoceros_diorama_at_the_Hall_of_Asian_Mammals_at_AMNH.jpg/220px-Indian_rhinoceros_diorama_at_the_Hall_of_Asian_Mammals_at_AMNH.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Indian_rhinoceros_diorama_at_the_Hall_of_Asian_Mammals_at_AMNH.jpg/330px-Indian_rhinoceros_diorama_at_the_Hall_of_Asian_Mammals_at_AMNH.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Indian_rhinoceros_diorama_at_the_Hall_of_Asian_Mammals_at_AMNH.jpg/440px-Indian_rhinoceros_diorama_at_the_Hall_of_Asian_Mammals_at_AMNH.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2802" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Indian_rhinoceros" title="Indian rhinoceros">Indian rhinoceros</a> diorama in the Hall of Asian Mammals</figcaption></figure> The Hall of Asian Mammals, sometimes referred to as the Vernay-Faunthorpe Hall of Asian Mammals, is directly south of the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Hall.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Map-159">[158]</a> It contains 8 complete dioramas, 4 partial dioramas, and 6 habitat groups of mammals and locations from <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>. The hall opened in 1930 and, similar to the Akeley Hall of African Mammals, is centered around 2 <a href="/wiki/Asian_elephants" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian elephants">Asian elephants</a>. At one point, a <a href="/wiki/Giant_panda" title="Giant panda">giant panda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siberian_tiger" title="Siberian tiger">Siberian tiger</a> were also part of the Hall's collection, originally intended to be part of an adjoining Hall of North Asian Mammals (planned in the current location of Stout Hall of Asian Peoples). These specimens can currently be seen in the Hall of Biodiversity.<a href="#cite_note-archive1-160">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a> Specimens for the Hall of Asian Mammals were collected over six expeditions led by British-born antiques dealer <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Stannard_Vernay" title="Arthur Stannard Vernay">Arthur S. Vernay</a> and Col. <a href="/wiki/John_Faunthorpe" title="John Faunthorpe">John Faunthorpe</a> (as noted by stylized plaques at both entrances). The expeditions were funded entirely by Vernay, who characterized the expense as a British tribute to American involvement in World War I.<a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a> The first Vernay-Faunthorpe expedition took place in 1922, when many of the animals Vernay was seeking, such as the <a href="/wiki/Sumatran_rhinoceros" title="Sumatran rhinoceros">Sumatran rhinoceros</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asiatic_lion" title="Asiatic lion">Asiatic lion</a>, were facing the possibility of extinction. Vernay made many appeals to regional authorities to obtain hunting permits;<a href="#cite_note-171">[170]</a> in later museum-related expeditions headed by Vernay, these appeals helped the museum gain access to areas previously restricted to foreign visitors.<a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a> Artist Clarence C. Rosenkranz accompanied the Vernay-Faunthorpe expeditions as field artist and painted the majority of the diorama backgrounds in the hall.<a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a> These expeditions were also well documented in both photo and video, with enough footage of the first expedition to create a feature-length film, Hunting Tigers in India (1929).<a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th>Species and Locations Represented in the Hall of Asian Mammals </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> (<a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hoolock_gibbon" title="Hoolock gibbon">Hoolock gibbon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>– </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thamin" class="mw-redirect" title="Thamin">Thamin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(<a href="/wiki/Awadh" title="Awadh">Awadh</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sambar_deer" title="Sambar deer">Sambar</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barasingha" title="Barasingha">Barasingha</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>– </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chital" title="Chital">Chital</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(<a href="/wiki/Bhopal" title="Bhopal">Bhopal</a>) </td> <td>Sambar </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dhole" title="Dhole">Dhole</a> (listed as wild dog) </td></tr> <tr> <td>(<a href="/wiki/Bikanir" class="mw-redirect" title="Bikanir">Bikanir</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blackbuck" title="Blackbuck">Blackbuck</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinkara" title="Chinkara">Chinkara</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(<a href="/wiki/Biligiriranga_Hills" title="Biligiriranga Hills">Biligiriranga Hills</a>, listed as Kallegal Range) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leopard" title="Leopard">Leopard</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(<a href="/wiki/Mysore" title="Mysore">Mysore</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gaur" title="Gaur">Gaur</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_roller" title="Indian roller">Indian roller</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(<a href="/wiki/Manas_River" title="Manas River">Manas River</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wild_water_buffalo" title="Wild water buffalo">Wild water buffalo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> (Base of the <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tiger" title="Tiger">Tiger</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(<a href="/wiki/Morang" class="mw-redirect" title="Morang">Morang</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_rhinoceros" title="Indian rhinoceros">Indian rhinoceros</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rangoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Rangoon">Rangoon</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Banteng" title="Banteng">Banteng</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Habitat groups </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sloth_bear" title="Sloth bear">Sloth bear</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Four-horned_antelope" title="Four-horned antelope">Four-horned antelope</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Smooth-coated_otter" title="Smooth-coated otter">Smooth-coated otter</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Muntjac" title="Muntjac">Muntjac</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chevrotain" title="Chevrotain">Spotted chevrotain</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sumatran_rhinoceros" title="Sumatran rhinoceros">Sumatran rhinoceros</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hog_deer" class="mw-redirect" title="Hog deer">Hog deer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_boar" title="Indian boar">Indian wild boar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asiatic_lion" title="Asiatic lion">Asiatic lion</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_World_mammals">New World mammals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: New World mammals">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grizzly_bear_diorama_at_AMNH.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Grizzly_bear_diorama_at_AMNH.jpg/220px-Grizzly_bear_diorama_at_AMNH.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Grizzly_bear_diorama_at_AMNH.jpg/330px-Grizzly_bear_diorama_at_AMNH.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Grizzly_bear_diorama_at_AMNH.jpg/440px-Grizzly_bear_diorama_at_AMNH.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Diorama of <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Peninsula_brown_bear" title="Alaska Peninsula brown bear">Alaska Peninsula brown bears</a> in the Hall of North American Mammals</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bernard_Family_Hall_of_North_American_Mammals">Bernard Family Hall of North American Mammals</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Bernard Family Hall of North American Mammals">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alaska_Moose_at_the_American_Museum_of_Natural_History.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Alaska_Moose_at_the_American_Museum_of_Natural_History.jpg/220px-Alaska_Moose_at_the_American_Museum_of_Natural_History.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Alaska_Moose_at_the_American_Museum_of_Natural_History.jpg/330px-Alaska_Moose_at_the_American_Museum_of_Natural_History.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Alaska_Moose_at_the_American_Museum_of_Natural_History.jpg/440px-Alaska_Moose_at_the_American_Museum_of_Natural_History.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Alaska_moose" title="Alaska moose">Alaska moose</a> diorama in the Hall of North American Mammals</figcaption></figure> The Bernard Family Hall of North American Mammals is on the first floor, directly west of the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Hall.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Map-159">[158]</a> features 43 dioramas of various mammals of the American continent, north of tropical Mexico. Each diorama places focus on a particular species, ranging from the largest megafauna to the smaller rodents and carnivorans. Notable dioramas include the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Peninsula_brown_bear" title="Alaska Peninsula brown bear">Alaskan brown bears</a> looking at a salmon after they scared off an otter, a pair of <a href="/wiki/Gray_wolf" class="mw-redirect" title="Gray wolf">wolves</a>, a pair of <a href="/wiki/Sonora" title="Sonora">Sonoran</a> <a href="/wiki/North_American_jaguar" class="mw-redirect" title="North American jaguar">jaguars</a>, and dueling bull <a href="/wiki/Alaska_moose" title="Alaska moose">Alaska moose</a>. The Hall of North American Mammals opened in 1942 with only ten dioramas.<a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a> Another 16 dioramas were added in 1963.<a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a> A massive restoration project began in late 2011 following a large donation from Jill and Lewis Bernard.<a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nast_2011-178">[177]</a> In October 2012 the hall was reopened as the Bernard Hall of North American Mammals.<a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th>Species and Locations Represented in the Hall of North American Mammals </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">Ice age</a> mammals of Alaska </td></tr> <tr> <td>California </td> <td>Ice age mammals of California </td></tr> <tr> <td>Canoe Bay, <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Peninsula" title="Alaska Peninsula">Alaska Peninsula</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Peninsula_brown_bear" title="Alaska Peninsula brown bear">Alaska Peninsula brown bear</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kenai_Peninsula" title="Kenai Peninsula">Kenai Peninsula</a>, Alaska </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moose" title="Moose">Moose</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Platte_River" title="North Platte River">North Platte River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_bison" title="American bison">American bison</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pronghorn" title="Pronghorn">Pronghorn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_National_Park" title="Yellowstone National Park">Yellowstone National Park</a>, Wyoming </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grizzly_bear" title="Grizzly bear">Grizzly bear</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mount_Wilcox_(Alberta)" title="Mount Wilcox (Alberta)">Mount Wilcox (Alberta)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jasper_National_Park" title="Jasper National Park">Jasper National Park</a>, Alberta, Canada </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bighorn_sheep" title="Bighorn sheep">Bighorn sheep</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Devils_Tower" title="Devils Tower">Devils Tower</a>, Wyoming </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mule_deer" title="Mule deer">Mule deer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ellesmere_Island" title="Ellesmere Island">Ellesmere Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a>, Canada </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Muskox" title="Muskox">Muskox</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tongass_National_Forest" title="Tongass National Forest">Tongass National Forest</a>, Alaska </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mountain_goat" title="Mountain goat">Mountain goat</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Near <a href="/wiki/Tucson" class="mw-redirect" title="Tucson">Tucson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antelope_jackrabbit" title="Antelope jackrabbit">Antelope jackrabbit</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Black-tailed_jackrabbit" title="Black-tailed jackrabbit">Black-tailed jackrabbit</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Near <a href="/wiki/Lake_Placid,_Florida" title="Lake Placid, Florida">Lake Placid</a>, Florida </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_black_bear" title="American black bear">American black bear</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Agkistrodon_piscivorus" title="Agkistrodon piscivorus">Cottonmouth</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ithaca,_New_York" title="Ithaca, New York">Ithaca</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_cottontail" title="Eastern cottontail">Eastern cottontail</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lake Gunflint, <a href="/wiki/Superior_National_Forest" title="Superior National Forest">Superior National Forest</a>, Northern <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wolf" title="Wolf">Wolf</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shiprock" title="Shiprock">Shiprock</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_spotted_skunk" title="Western spotted skunk">Western spotted skunk</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ring-tailed_cat" class="mw-redirect" title="Ring-tailed cat">Ringtail</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yosemite_National_Park" title="Yosemite National Park">Yosemite National Park</a>, California </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coyote" title="Coyote">Coyote</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bear_Mountain_State_Park" title="Bear Mountain State Park">Bear Mountain State Park</a>, New York </td> <td><a href="/wiki/White-tailed_deer" title="White-tailed deer">White-tailed deer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Minnies Lake, Georgia </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Raccoon" title="Raccoon">Raccoon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hoister Creek, <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_American_beaver" title="North American beaver">North American beaver</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rainier_National_Park" title="Mount Rainier National Park">Mount Rainier National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mountain_beaver" title="Mountain beaver">Mountain beaver</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gasp%C3%A9sie_National_Park" title="Gaspésie National Park">Gaspésie National Park</a>, Quebec, Canada </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canada_lynx" title="Canada lynx">Canada lynx</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Snowshoe_hare" title="Snowshoe hare">Snowshoe hare</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rogue_River_(Oregon)" title="Rogue River (Oregon)">Rogue River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_gray_squirrel" title="Western gray squirrel">Western gray squirrel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon" title="Grand Canyon">Grand Canyon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cougar" title="Cougar">Cougar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_River_National_Forest" title="White River National Forest">White River National Forest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wapiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Wapiti">Wapiti</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Guaymas" title="Guaymas">Guaymas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sonora" title="Sonora">Sonora</a>, Mexico </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jaguar" title="Jaguar">Jaguar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Denali_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Denali National Park">Denali National Park</a>, Alaska </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dall_sheep" title="Dall sheep">Dall sheep</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Level_Mountain" title="Level Mountain">Level Mountain</a>, British Columbia, Canada </td> <td>Osborn <a href="/wiki/Caribou" class="mw-redirect" title="Caribou">caribou</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alaska </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Porcupine_caribou" title="Porcupine caribou">Grant caribou</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Hall_of_Small_Mammals">Hall of Small Mammals</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Hall of Small Mammals">edit</a>]</div> The Hall of Small Mammals is an offshoot of the Bernard Family Hall of North American Mammals, directly to the west of the latter.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Map-159">[158]</a> There are several small dioramas featuring small mammals found throughout North America, including <a href="/wiki/Collared_peccaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Collared peccaries">collared peccaries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abert%27s_squirrel" title="Abert's squirrel">Abert's squirrel</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Wolverine" title="Wolverine">wolverine</a>. <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th>Species and Locations Represented in the Hall of Small Mammals </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaibab_National_Forest" title="Kaibab National Forest">Kaibab National Forest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abert%27s_squirrel" title="Abert's squirrel">Abert's squirrel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Hole" title="Jackson Hole">Jackson Hole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_badger" title="American badger">American badger</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Crater_Lake_National_Park" title="Crater Lake National Park">Crater Lake National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_marten" title="American marten">American marten</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pine_Barrens_(New_Jersey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pine Barrens (New Jersey)">Pine Barrens (New Jersey)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_mink" title="American mink">American mink</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wind_Cave_National_Park" title="Wind Cave National Park">Wind Cave National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Black-footed_ferret" title="Black-footed ferret">Black-footed ferret</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Big_Bend_National_Park" title="Big Bend National Park">Big Bend National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Collared_peccary" title="Collared peccary">Collared peccary</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Baxter_State_Park" title="Baxter State Park">Baxter State Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stoat" title="Stoat">Stoat</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Clethrionomys" title="Clethrionomys">Red-backed vole</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Great_Smoky_Mountains_National_Park" title="Great Smoky Mountains National Park">Great Smoky Mountains National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gray_fox" title="Gray fox">Gray fox</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virginia_opossum" title="Virginia opossum">Virginia opossum</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cohocton,_New_York" title="Cohocton, New York">Cohocton, New York</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Groundhog" title="Groundhog">Groundhog</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Santa Ana National Wildlife Refuge">Santa Ana National Wildlife Refuge</a>, Texas </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nine-banded_armadillo" title="Nine-banded armadillo">Nine-banded armadillo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Trapper_Peak_(Montana)" title="Trapper Peak (Montana)">Trapper Peak (Montana)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_flying_squirrel" title="Northern flying squirrel">Northern flying squirrel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Algonquin_Provincial_Park" title="Algonquin Provincial Park">Algonquin Provincial Park</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_American_river_otter" title="North American river otter">North American river otter</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Water_Gap" title="Delaware Water Gap">Delaware Water Gap</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Striped_skunk" title="Striped skunk">Striped skunk</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ennadai_Lake" title="Ennadai Lake">Ennadai Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a>, Canada </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wolverine" title="Wolverine">Wolverine</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Birds,_reptiles,_and_amphibian_halls">Birds, reptiles, and amphibian halls</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Birds, reptiles, and amphibian halls">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sanford_Hall_of_North_American_Birds">Sanford Hall of North American Birds</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sanford Hall of North American Birds">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cuthbert_Rookery_Diorama.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Cuthbert_Rookery_Diorama.JPG/220px-Cuthbert_Rookery_Diorama.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Cuthbert_Rookery_Diorama.JPG/330px-Cuthbert_Rookery_Diorama.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Cuthbert_Rookery_Diorama.JPG/440px-Cuthbert_Rookery_Diorama.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The Cuthbert Rookery Diorama contains many of the birds once endangered by plume hunting.</figcaption></figure> The Sanford Hall of North American birds is a one-story hall on the third floor, between the Hall of Primates and Akeley Hall's second level.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Map-159">[158]</a> There are over 20 dioramas depicting birds from across North America in their native habitats.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_North_American_Birds-180">[179]</a> At the far end of the hall are two large murals by ornithologist and artist <a href="/wiki/Louis_Agassiz_Fuertes" title="Louis Agassiz Fuertes">Louis Agassiz Fuertes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-2000-11-24-181">[180]</a> The hall also has display cases devoted to large collections of <a href="/wiki/Warblers" class="mw-redirect" title="Warblers">warblers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Owls" class="mw-redirect" title="Owls">owls</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Raptor_(bird)" class="mw-redirect" title="Raptor (bird)">raptors</a>. Conceived by museum ornithologist <a href="/wiki/Frank_Chapman_(ornithologist)" title="Frank Chapman (ornithologist)">Frank Chapman</a>, the Hall is named for Chapman's friend and amateur ornithologist <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Cutler_Sanford" title="Leonard Cutler Sanford">Leonard C. Sanford</a>, who partially funded the hall and also donated the entirety of his own bird specimen collection to the museum. Construction began on the hall's dioramas as early as 1902, and the dioramas opened in 1909. They were the first to be exhibited in the museum and are the oldest still on display.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-182">[181]</a> The hall was refurbished in 1962.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1962-10-30-183">[182]</a> Although Chapman was not the first to create museum dioramas, he was the first to bring artists into the field with him in the hopes of capturing a specific location at a specific time. In contrast to the dramatic scenes that Akeley created for the African Hall, Chapman wanted his dioramas to evoke a scientific realism, ultimately serving as a historical record of habitats and species facing a high probability of extinction.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-182">[181]</a> Each of Chapman's dioramas depicted a species, their nests, and 4 ft (1.2 m) of the surrounding habitat in each direction.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-2003-02-03-184">[183]</a> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th>Species and locations represented in Sanford Hall </th> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>"Eastern Upland Gamebirds" </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ruffed_grouse" title="Ruffed grouse">Ruffed grouse</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_bobwhite" title="Northern bobwhite">Northern bobwhite</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_woodcock" title="American woodcock">American woodcock</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Common_pheasant" title="Common pheasant">Ring-necked pheasant</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>"Booming grounds", Central <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greater_prairie_chicken" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater prairie chicken">Greater prairie chicken</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>"Western Gamebirds", <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Foothills" class="mw-redirect" title="Sierra Foothills">Sierra Foothills</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mountain_quail" title="Mountain quail">Mountain quail</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/California_quail" title="California quail">California quail</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Band-tailed_pigeon" title="Band-tailed pigeon">Band-tailed pigeon</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sage_grouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Sage grouse">Sage grouse</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blue_grouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue grouse">Blue grouse</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chukar_partridge" title="Chukar partridge">Chukar partridge</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mountain_bluebird" title="Mountain bluebird">Mountain bluebird</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>"Marsh Ducks in Spring" </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Green-winged_teal" title="Green-winged teal">Green-winged teal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gadwall" title="Gadwall">Gadwall</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fulvous_whistling_duck" title="Fulvous whistling duck">Fulvous whistling duck</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hooded_merganser" title="Hooded merganser">Hooded merganser</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baldpate" class="mw-redirect" title="Baldpate">Baldpate</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mallard" title="Mallard">Mallard</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_shoveler" title="Northern shoveler">Northern shoveler</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_black_duck" title="American black duck">American black duck</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon_teal" title="Cinnamon teal">Cinnamon teal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yellowthroat" title="Yellowthroat">Yellowthroat</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>"Sea Ducks in Winter" </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ring-necked_duck" title="Ring-necked duck">Ring-necked duck</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Steller%27s_eider" title="Steller's eider">Steller's eider</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bufflehead" title="Bufflehead">Bufflehead</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Long-tailed_duck" title="Long-tailed duck">Long-tailed duck</a> (oldsquaw) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canvasback" title="Canvasback">Canvasback</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harlequin_duck" title="Harlequin duck">Harlequin duck</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Redhead_(bird)" title="Redhead (bird)">Redhead</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Common_goldeneye" title="Common goldeneye">Common goldeneye</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Red-breasted_merganser" title="Red-breasted merganser">Red-breasted merganser</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Common_merganser" title="Common merganser">Common merganser</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/King_eider" title="King eider">King eider</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cap_Tourmente" class="mw-redirect" title="Cap Tourmente">Cap Tourmente</a>, Quebec </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Snow_goose" title="Snow goose">Snow goose</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Umbagog_Lake" title="Umbagog Lake">Umbagog Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Common_loon" title="Common loon">Common loon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>"Desert Birds" </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gambel%27s_quail" title="Gambel's quail">Gambel's quail</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lesser_nighthawk" title="Lesser nighthawk">Lesser nighthawk</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Verdin" title="Verdin">Verdin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Curve-billed_thrasher" title="Curve-billed thrasher">Curve-billed thrasher</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gnatcatcher" title="Gnatcatcher">Gnatcatcher</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pyrrhuloxia" title="Pyrrhuloxia">Pyrrhuloxia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cactus_wren" title="Cactus wren">Cactus wren</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greater_Roadrunner" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Roadrunner">Greater Roadrunner</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cardinal" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Cardinal">Northern Cardinal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Black-throated_sparrow" title="Black-throated sparrow">Black-throated sparrow</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scaled_quail" title="Scaled quail">Scaled quail</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mourning_dove" title="Mourning dove">Mourning dove</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Crane Lake, <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canada_goose" title="Canada goose">Canada goose</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Everglades" title="Everglades">Everglades</a>, Florida </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wood_stork" title="Wood stork">Wood stork</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Limpkin" title="Limpkin">Limpkin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lake_Louise_(Alberta)" title="Lake Louise (Alberta)">Lake Louise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Rockies" title="Canadian Rockies">Canadian Rockies</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gray-crowned_rosy_finch" title="Gray-crowned rosy finch">Gray-crowned rosy finch</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/White-tailed_ptarmigan" title="White-tailed ptarmigan">White-tailed ptarmigan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_pipit" title="American pipit">American pipit</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Horned_lark" title="Horned lark">Horned lark</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Upper_Klamath_Lake" title="Upper Klamath Lake">Upper Klamath Lake</a>, California </td> <td><a href="/wiki/California_gull" title="California gull">California gull</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_white_pelican" title="American white pelican">American white pelican</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caspian_tern" title="Caspian tern">Caspian tern</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ring-billed_gull" title="Ring-billed gull">Ring-billed gull</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Double-crested_cormorant" title="Double-crested cormorant">Double-crested cormorant</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heron_Lake,_Minnesota" title="Heron Lake, Minnesota">Heron Lake, Minnesota</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Whooping_crane" title="Whooping crane">Whooping crane</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Medicine_Bow_Mountains" title="Medicine Bow Mountains">Medicine Bow Mountains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golden_eagle" title="Golden eagle">Golden eagle</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cay Verde, <a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">The Bahamas</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brown_booby" title="Brown booby">Brown booby</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnificent_frigatebird" title="Magnificent frigatebird">Magnificent frigatebird</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Monterey,_California" title="Monterey, California">Monterey, California</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brandt%27s_cormorant" title="Brandt's cormorant">Brandt's cormorant</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brigantine,_New_Jersey" title="Brigantine, New Jersey">Brigantine, New Jersey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_yellow_warbler" class="mw-redirect" title="American yellow warbler">American yellow warbler</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hudsonian_whimbrel" title="Hudsonian whimbrel">Whimbrel</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Great_blue_heron" title="Great blue heron">Great blue heron</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Clapper_rail" title="Clapper rail">Clapper rail</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Black_skimmer" title="Black skimmer">Black skimmer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Common_tern" title="Common tern">Common tern</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Red-winged_blackbird" title="Red-winged blackbird">Red-winged blackbird</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Laughing_gull" title="Laughing gull">Laughing gull</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Willet" title="Willet">Willet</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ruddy_turnstone" title="Ruddy turnstone">Ruddy turnstone</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Great_egret" title="Great egret">Great egret</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac River</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Great_horned_owl" title="Great horned owl">Great horned owl</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unidentified marsh, Florida </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sandhill_crane" title="Sandhill crane">Sandhill crane</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Port_St._Lucie,_Florida" title="Port St. Lucie, Florida">Port St. Lucie, Florida</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Snakebird" class="mw-redirect" title="Snakebird">Snakebird</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Montauk,_New_York" title="Montauk, New York">Montauk, New York</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labrador_duck" title="Labrador duck">Labrador duck</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wild_turkey" title="Wild turkey">Wild turkey</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chilkat_River" title="Chilkat River">Chilkat River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bald_eagle" title="Bald eagle">Bald eagle</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Undisclosed Location </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Peregrine_falcon" title="Peregrine falcon">Peregrine falcon</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Feral_pigeon" title="Feral pigeon">Feral pigeon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Barn_swallow" title="Barn swallow">Barn swallow</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tree_swallow" title="Tree swallow">Tree swallow</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bobolink" title="Bobolink">Bobolink</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Red-winged_blackbird" title="Red-winged blackbird">Red-winged blackbird</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wood_duck" title="Wood duck">Wood duck</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bank_swallow" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank swallow">Bank swallow</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Swamp_sparrow" title="Swamp sparrow">Swamp sparrow</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marsh_wren" title="Marsh wren">Marsh wren</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sora_(bird)" title="Sora (bird)">Sora</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/California_condor" title="California condor">California condor</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hall_of_Birds_of_the_World">Hall of Birds of the World</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Hall of Birds of the World">edit</a>]</div> The Hall of Birds of the World is on the south side of the second floor.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Map-159">[158]</a> The global diversity of bird species is exhibited in this hall. 12 dioramas showcase various ecosystems around the world and provide a sample of the varieties of birds that live there. Example dioramas include <a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/King_penguin" title="King penguin">king penguins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Skua" title="Skua">skuas</a>, the East African plains featuring <a href="/wiki/Secretarybird" title="Secretarybird">secretarybirds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bustard" title="Bustard">bustards</a>, and the Australian outback featuring <a href="/wiki/Honeyeater" title="Honeyeater">honeyeaters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cockatoo" title="Cockatoo">cockatoos</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kookaburra" title="Kookaburra">kookaburras</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Birds_of_the_World-185">[184]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Whitney_Memorial_Hall_of_Oceanic_Birds">Whitney Memorial Hall of Oceanic Birds</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Whitney Memorial Hall of Oceanic Birds">edit</a>]</div> The Whitney Memorial Wing, originally named after <a href="/wiki/Harry_Payne_Whitney" title="Harry Payne Whitney">Harry Payne Whitney</a> and comprising 750,000 birds, opened in 1939.<a href="#cite_note-n132484982-186">[185]</a> Later known as the Hall of Oceanic Birds, it was completed and dedicated in 1953.<a href="#cite_note-n132484851-187">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1953-01-30-188">[187]</a> It was founded by Frank Chapman and Leonard C. Sanford, originally museum volunteers, who had gone forward with creation of a hall to feature birds of the Pacific islands. The hall was designed as a completely immersive collection of dioramas, including a circular display featuring <a href="/wiki/Bird-of-paradise" title="Bird-of-paradise">birds-of-paradise</a>.<a href="#cite_note-data.library.amnh.org_1999_u668-189">[188]</a> In 1998, the Butterfly Conservatory was installed inside the hall.<a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hall_of_Reptiles_and_Amphibians">Hall of Reptiles and Amphibians</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Hall of Reptiles and Amphibians">edit</a>]</div> The Hall of Reptiles and Amphibians is near the southeast corner of the third floor.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Map-159">[158]</a> It serves as an introduction to <a href="/wiki/Herpetology" title="Herpetology">herpetology</a>, with many exhibits detailing reptile evolution, anatomy, diversity, reproduction, and behavior. Notable exhibits include a <a href="/wiki/Komodo_dragon" title="Komodo dragon">Komodo dragon</a> group, an <a href="/wiki/American_alligator" title="American alligator">American alligator</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lonesome_George" title="Lonesome George">Lonesome George</a>, the last <a href="/wiki/Pinta_Island_tortoise" title="Pinta Island tortoise">Pinta Island tortoise</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Poison_dart_frog" title="Poison dart frog">poison dart frogs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Reptiles_and_Amphibians-191">[190]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Komodo_Dragon_Diorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Komodo_Dragon_Diorama.jpg/220px-Komodo_Dragon_Diorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Komodo_Dragon_Diorama.jpg/330px-Komodo_Dragon_Diorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Komodo_Dragon_Diorama.jpg/440px-Komodo_Dragon_Diorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Komodo_dragon" title="Komodo dragon">Komodo dragon</a> diorama featuring a group feeding on a <a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">wild boar</a> carcass in the Hall of Reptiles and Amphibians.</figcaption></figure> In 1926, <a href="/wiki/W._Douglas_Burden" class="mw-redirect" title="W. Douglas Burden">W. Douglas Burden</a>, F.J. Defosse, and <a href="/wiki/Emmett_Reid_Dunn" title="Emmett Reid Dunn">Emmett Reid Dunn</a> collected specimens of the Komodo Dragon for the museum. Burden's chapter "The Komodo Dragon", in Look to the Wilderness, describes the expedition, the habitat, and the behavior of the dragon.<a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a> The hall opened in 1927<a href="#cite_note-193">[192]</a> and was rebuilt from 1969 to 1977 at a cost of $1.3 million.<a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biodiversity_and_environmental_halls">Biodiversity and environmental halls</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Biodiversity and environmental halls">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hall_of_Biodiversity">Hall of Biodiversity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Hall of Biodiversity">edit</a>]</div> The Hall of Biodiversity is underneath the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Hall.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Map-159">[158]</a> It opened in May 1998. The hall primarily contains exhibits and objects highlighting the concept of <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiversity</a>, the interactions between living organisms, and the negative impacts of <a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">extinction</a> on biodiversity.<a href="#cite_note-Wilford-1998-195">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-n103802206-196">[195]</a> The hall includes a 2,500 sq ft (230 m2) diorama depicting the <a href="/wiki/Dzanga-Sangha_Special_Reserve" title="Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve">Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve</a> rainforest with over 160 animal and plant species.<a href="#cite_note-n103802206-196">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Hall_of_Biodiversity-197">[196]</a> The diorama shows the rainforest in three states: pristine, altered by human activity, and destroyed by human activity.<a href="#cite_note-Wilford-1998-195">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-n103802206-196">[195]</a> Another attraction in the hall is "The Spectrum of Habitats", a <a href="/wiki/Video_wall" title="Video wall">video wall</a> displaying footage of nine ecosystems. There is a "Transformation Wall", containing information and stories detailing changes to biodiversity, and a "Solutions Wall", containing suggestions on how to increase biodiversity.<a href="#cite_note-n103802206-196">[195]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hall_of_North_American_Forests">Hall of North American Forests</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Hall of North American Forests">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mixed_Deciduous_Forest,_Hall_of_North_American_Forests,_AMNH.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Mixed_Deciduous_Forest%2C_Hall_of_North_American_Forests%2C_AMNH.JPG/220px-Mixed_Deciduous_Forest%2C_Hall_of_North_American_Forests%2C_AMNH.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Mixed_Deciduous_Forest%2C_Hall_of_North_American_Forests%2C_AMNH.JPG/330px-Mixed_Deciduous_Forest%2C_Hall_of_North_American_Forests%2C_AMNH.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Mixed_Deciduous_Forest%2C_Hall_of_North_American_Forests%2C_AMNH.JPG/440px-Mixed_Deciduous_Forest%2C_Hall_of_North_American_Forests%2C_AMNH.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The Mixed Deciduous Forest diorama</figcaption></figure> The Hall of North American Forests is a one-story hall on the museum's first floor in between the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Hall and the Warburg Hall of New York State Environments.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Map-159">[158]</a> It contains ten dioramas depicting a range of forest types from across North America as well as several displays on forest conservation and tree health. The hall was constructed under the guidance of botanist Henry K. Svenson<a href="#cite_note-archive.org-1911-198">[197]</a> and opened in 1958.<a href="#cite_note-199">[198]</a> Each diorama specifically lists both the location and exact time of year depicted.<a href="#cite_note-archive.org-1911-198">[197]</a> Trees and plants featured in the dioramas are constructed of a combination of art supplies and actual bark and other specimens collected in the field. The entrance to the hall features a cross section from the <a href="/wiki/Mark_Twain_Tree" title="Mark Twain Tree">Mark Twain Tree</a>, 1,400-year-old <a href="/wiki/Sequoiadendron_giganteum" title="Sequoiadendron giganteum">sequoia</a> taken from the King's River grove on the west flank of the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sierra Nevada (U.S.)">Sierra Mountains</a> in 1891.<a href="#cite_note-200">[199]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Juniper_Forest,_Hall_of_North_American_Forests,_AMNH.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Juniper_Forest%2C_Hall_of_North_American_Forests%2C_AMNH.JPG/220px-Juniper_Forest%2C_Hall_of_North_American_Forests%2C_AMNH.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Juniper_Forest%2C_Hall_of_North_American_Forests%2C_AMNH.JPG/330px-Juniper_Forest%2C_Hall_of_North_American_Forests%2C_AMNH.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Juniper_Forest%2C_Hall_of_North_American_Forests%2C_AMNH.JPG/440px-Juniper_Forest%2C_Hall_of_North_American_Forests%2C_AMNH.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The Juniper Forest diorama</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th>Locations Represented in the Hall of North American Forests </th> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oak-Hickory_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Oak-Hickory Forest">Oak-Hickory Forest</a> in late August </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ozark_Plateau" class="mw-redirect" title="Ozark Plateau">Ozark Plateau</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Spruce-fir_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Spruce-fir forests">Northern Spruce-Fir</a> in mid-August </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lake_Nipigon" title="Lake Nipigon">Lake Nipigon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Pine" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeffrey Pine">Jeffrey Pine</a> Forest in early June </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inyo_National_Forest" title="Inyo National Forest">Inyo National Forest</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympic_Rain_Forest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olympic Rain Forest (page does not exist)">Olympic Rain Forest</a> in mid-June </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quinault_Rainforest" class="mw-redirect" title="Quinault Rainforest">Quinault Rainforest</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Timberline of the Northern Rocky Mountains in mid-July </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Logan_Pass" title="Logan Pass">Logan Pass</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pinyon%E2%80%93juniper_woodland" title="Pinyon–juniper woodland">Pinyon-Juniper</a> Woodland in early October </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colorado_National_Monument" title="Colorado National Monument">Colorado National Monument</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saguaro" title="Saguaro">Giant Cactus</a> Forest in mid-April </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saguaro_National_Park" title="Saguaro National Park">Saguaro National Park</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coastal_Plain" title="Gulf Coastal Plain">Southeastern Coastal Plain Forest</a> in mid-March </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coosawhatchie_River" title="Coosawhatchie River">Coosawhatchie River</a>, South Carolina </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mixed <a href="/wiki/Deciduous" title="Deciduous">Deciduous</a> Forest in late April </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Great_Smoky_Mountains_National_Park" title="Great Smoky Mountains National Park">Great Smoky Mountains National Park</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Early October in Southern New Hampshire </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lake_Sunapee" title="Lake Sunapee">Lake Sunapee</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Warburg_Hall_of_New_York_State_Environments">Warburg Hall of New York State Environments</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Warburg Hall of New York State Environments">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Warburg_Hall_of_New_York_State_Environments.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Warburg_Hall_of_New_York_State_Environments.JPG/220px-Warburg_Hall_of_New_York_State_Environments.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Warburg_Hall_of_New_York_State_Environments.JPG/330px-Warburg_Hall_of_New_York_State_Environments.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Warburg_Hall_of_New_York_State_Environments.JPG/440px-Warburg_Hall_of_New_York_State_Environments.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>"Spring" display in Warburg Hall</figcaption></figure> Warburg Hall of New York State Environments is a one-story hall on the museum's ground floor in between the Hall of North American Forests and the Grand Hall.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Map-159">[158]</a> Based on the town of <a href="/wiki/Pine_Plains_(town),_New_York" title="Pine Plains (town), New York">Pine Plains</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dutchess_County,_New_York" title="Dutchess County, New York">Dutchess County, New York</a>, the hall gives a multi-faceted presentation of the eco-systems typical of New York.<a href="#cite_note-n132437169-201">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-n132437216-202">[201]</a> Aspects covered include soil types, seasonal changes, and the impact of both humans and nonhuman animals on the environment. It is named for the German-American philanthropist <a href="/wiki/Felix_M._Warburg" title="Felix M. Warburg">Felix M. Warburg</a> and opened on May 14, 1951,<a href="#cite_note-n132437216-202">[201]</a> as the Warburg Memorial Hall of General Ecology.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1991-07-20-203">[202]</a> It has changed little since and is now frequently regarded for its retro-modern styling.<a href="#cite_note-204">[203]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Milstein_Hall_of_Ocean_Life">Milstein Hall of Ocean Life</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Milstein Hall of Ocean Life">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blue_Whale_Nat%27l_Hist_Museum.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Blue_Whale_Nat%27l_Hist_Museum.JPG/220px-Blue_Whale_Nat%27l_Hist_Museum.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Blue_Whale_Nat%27l_Hist_Museum.JPG/330px-Blue_Whale_Nat%27l_Hist_Museum.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Blue_Whale_Nat%27l_Hist_Museum.JPG/440px-Blue_Whale_Nat%27l_Hist_Museum.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Model of a blue whale in the Milstein Family Hall of Ocean Life</figcaption></figure> The Milstein Hall of Ocean Life is in the southeastern quadrant of the first floor, west of the Hall of Biodiversity.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Map-159">[158]</a> It focuses on <a href="/wiki/Marine_biology" title="Marine biology">marine biology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marine_botany" title="Marine botany">botany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marine_conservation" title="Marine conservation">marine conservation</a>. The center of the hall contains a 94 ft (29 m)-long <a href="/wiki/Blue_whale" title="Blue whale">blue whale</a> model.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Hall_of_Ocean_Life-205">[204]</a> The upper level of the hall exhibits the vast array of ecosystems present in the ocean. Dioramas compare and contrast the life in these different settings including <a href="/wiki/Kelp_forest" title="Kelp forest">kelp forests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mangrove" title="Mangrove">mangroves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">coral reefs</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bathypelagic" class="mw-redirect" title="Bathypelagic">bathypelagic</a>, among others. It attempts to show how vast and varied the oceans are while encouraging common themes throughout.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Milstein-206">[205]</a> The lower half of the hall consists of 15 large dioramas of larger marine organisms.<a href="#cite_note-United_States_2002_p._402-207">[206]</a> It is on this level that the famous "Squid and the Whale" diorama sits, depicting a hypothetical fight between the two creatures.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Milstein-206">[205]</a> Other notable exhibits in this hall include the two-level Andros Coral Reef Diorama.<a href="#cite_note-United_States_2002_p._402-207">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Milstein_Dioramas-208">[207]</a> In 1910, museum president <a href="/wiki/Henry_F._Osborn" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry F. Osborn">Henry F. Osborn</a> proposed the construction of a large building in the museum's southeast courtyard to house a new Hall of Ocean Life in which "models and skeletons of whales" would be exhibited.<a href="#cite_note-American_Museum_of_Natural_History-2-209">[208]</a> The hall opened in 1924<a href="#cite_note-United_States_2002_p._402-207">[206]</a> and was renovated in 1962.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1962-10-30-183">[182]</a> In 1969, a renovation gave the hall a more explicit focus on <a href="/wiki/Megafauna" title="Megafauna">oceanic megafauna</a>, including the addition of a lifelike blue whale model to replace a popular steel and papier-mâché whale model that had hung in the Biology of Mammals hall. <a href="/wiki/Richard_Van_Gelder" title="Richard Van Gelder">Richard Van Gelder</a> oversaw the creation of the hall in its current incarnation.<a href="#cite_note-American_Museum_of_Natural_History-2-209">[208]</a> The hall was renovated once again in 2003, this time with <a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">environmentalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_conservation" title="Wildlife conservation">conservation</a> being the main focal points, and was renamed after developer <a href="/wiki/Paul_Milstein" title="Paul Milstein">Paul Milstein</a> and AMNH board member Irma Milstein. The 2003 renovation included refurbishment of the famous blue whale, suspended high above the 19,000 sq ft (1,800 m2) exhibit floor; updates to the 1930s and 1960s dioramas; and electronic displays.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-2003-02-03-184">[183]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_origins_and_cultural_halls">Human origins and cultural halls</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Human origins and cultural halls">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_halls">Cultural halls</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Cultural halls">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Stout_Hall_of_Asian_Peoples">Stout Hall of Asian Peoples</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Stout Hall of Asian Peoples">edit</a>]</div> The Stout Hall of Asian Peoples is a one-story hall on the museum's second floor in between the Hall of Asian Mammals and Birds of the World.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Map-159">[158]</a> It is named for Gardner D. Stout, a former president of the museum, and was primarily organized by Walter A. Fairservis, a longtime museum archaeologist. Opened in 1980, Stout Hall is the museum's largest anthropological hall and contains artifacts acquired by the museum between 1869 and the mid-1970s.<a href="#cite_note-210">[209]</a> Many famous expeditions sponsored by the museum are associated with the artifacts in the hall, including the Roy Chapman Andrews expeditions in Central Asia and the Vernay-Hopwood Chindwin expedition.<a href="#cite_note-211">[210]</a> Stout Hall has two sections: Ancient Eurasia, a small section devoted to the evolution of human civilization in <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a>, and Traditional Asia, a much larger section containing cultural artifacts from across the Asian continent. The latter section is organized to geographically correspond with two major trade routes of the <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a>. Like many of the museum's exhibition halls, the artifacts in Stout Hall are presented in a variety of ways including exhibits, miniature dioramas, and five full-scale dioramas. Notable exhibits in the Ancient Eurasian section include reproductions from the archaeological sites of <a href="/wiki/Teshik-Tash" class="mw-redirect" title="Teshik-Tash">Teshik-Tash</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%87atalh%C3%B6y%C3%BCk" title="Çatalhöyük">Çatalhöyük</a>, as well as a full size replica of a <a href="/wiki/Code_of_Hammurabi" title="Code of Hammurabi">Hammurabi Stele</a>. The Traditional Asia section contains areas devoted to major Asian countries, such as Japan, China, Tibet, and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, while also including a vast array of smaller Asian tribes including the <a href="/wiki/Ainu_people" title="Ainu people">Ainu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Semai_people" title="Semai people">Semai</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yakuts" title="Yakuts">Yakut</a>.<a href="#cite_note-212">[211]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Miniature_of_Isfahar.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A forced perspective, miniature diorama of Isfahan"><img alt="A forced perspective, miniature diorama of Isfahan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Miniature_of_Isfahar.JPG/226px-Miniature_of_Isfahar.JPG" decoding="async" width="151" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Miniature_of_Isfahar.JPG/339px-Miniature_of_Isfahar.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Miniature_of_Isfahar.JPG/452px-Miniature_of_Isfahar.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3074" data-file-height="2448" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Forced_perspective" title="Forced perspective">forced perspective</a>, miniature diorama of <a href="/wiki/Isfahan" title="Isfahan">Isfahan</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Yakut_Shaman_Diorama.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A Yakut shaman performs a healing rite in this diorama"><img alt="A Yakut shaman performs a healing rite in this diorama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Yakut_Shaman_Diorama.JPG/240px-Yakut_Shaman_Diorama.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Yakut_Shaman_Diorama.JPG/360px-Yakut_Shaman_Diorama.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Yakut_Shaman_Diorama.JPG/480px-Yakut_Shaman_Diorama.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Yakut shaman performs a healing rite in this diorama</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Costumes_of_Islamic_Women.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A range of costumes worn by women in Islamic Asia"><img alt="A range of costumes worn by women in Islamic Asia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Costumes_of_Islamic_Women.JPG/240px-Costumes_of_Islamic_Women.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Costumes_of_Islamic_Women.JPG/360px-Costumes_of_Islamic_Women.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Costumes_of_Islamic_Women.JPG/480px-Costumes_of_Islamic_Women.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A range of costumes worn by women in Islamic Asia</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hall_of_African_Peoples">Hall of African Peoples</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Hall of African Peoples">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Day117anaturalhistoryzi.JPG/484px-Day117anaturalhistoryzi.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Diorama depicting <a href="/wiki/Pokot_people" title="Pokot people">Pokot</a> methods of <a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry" title="Animal husbandry">animal husbandry</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:244px;max-width:244px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:181px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:DanceCostumes_AMNH.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/DanceCostumes_AMNH.JPG/242px-DanceCostumes_AMNH.JPG" decoding="async" width="242" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/DanceCostumes_AMNH.JPG/363px-DanceCostumes_AMNH.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/DanceCostumes_AMNH.JPG/484px-DanceCostumes_AMNH.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Spiritual costumes from a variety of African tribes</div></div></div></div></div> The Hall of African Peoples is behind Akeley Hall of African Mammals and underneath Sanford Hall of North American Birds.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Map-159">[158]</a> It is organized by the four major ecosystems found in Africa: River Valley, Grasslands, Forest-<a href="/wiki/Woodland" title="Woodland">Woodland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Desert" title="Desert">Desert</a>. Each section presents artifacts and exhibits of the peoples native to the ecosystems throughout Africa. The hall contains three dioramas and notable exhibits include a large collection of spiritual costumes on display in the Forest-Woodland section. Uniting the sections of the hall is a multi-faceted comparison of African societies based on <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gather" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunter-gather">hunting and gathering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horticulture" title="Horticulture">cultivation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry" title="Animal husbandry">animal domestication</a>. Each type of society is presented in a historical, political, spiritual, and ecological context. A small section of <a href="/wiki/African_diaspora" title="African diaspora">African diaspora</a> spread by the slave trade is also included.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Hall_of_African_Peoples-213">[212]</a> Tribes and civilizations featured include: <ul><li>River Valley: <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian">Ancient Egyptians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nubians" title="Nubians">Nubians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuba_Kingdom" title="Kuba Kingdom">Kuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lozi_People" class="mw-redirect" title="Lozi People">Lozi</a></li> <li>Grasslands: <a href="/wiki/Pokot_people" title="Pokot people">Pokot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shilluk_people" title="Shilluk people">Shilluk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bravanese_people" title="Bravanese people">Barawa</a></li> <li>Forest-Woodland: <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_People" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoruba People">Yoruba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kofyar" class="mw-redirect" title="Kofyar">Kofyar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mbuti_people" title="Mbuti people">Mbuti</a></li> <li>Desert: <a href="/wiki/Ait_Atta" class="mw-redirect" title="Ait Atta">Ait Atta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuareg_people" title="Tuareg people">Tuareg</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hall_of_Mexico_and_Central_America">Hall of Mexico and Central America</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Hall of Mexico and Central America">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zapotec_Burial_Urns.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Zapotec_Burial_Urns.JPG/220px-Zapotec_Burial_Urns.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Zapotec_Burial_Urns.JPG/330px-Zapotec_Burial_Urns.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Zapotec_Burial_Urns.JPG/440px-Zapotec_Burial_Urns.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Zapotec burial urns from Monte Albán</figcaption></figure> The Hall of Mexico and Central America is a one-story hall on the museum's second floor behind Birds of the World and before the Hall of South American Peoples.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Map-159">[158]</a> It presents archaeological artifacts from a broad range of pre-Columbian civilizations that once existed across <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olmec" class="mw-redirect" title="Olmec">Olmec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zapotec_civilization" title="Zapotec civilization">Zapotec</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aztec" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztec">Aztec</a>. Because the great majority of the <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_writing_systems" title="Mesoamerican writing systems">written records</a> of these civilizations did not survive the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Aztec_Empire" title="Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire">Spanish conquest</a>, the overarching aim of the hall is to piece together what it is possible to know about them from the artifacts alone. The museum has displayed pre-Columbian artifacts since its opening, only a short time after the discovery of the civilizations by archaeologists, with its first hall dedicated to the subject opening in 1899.<a href="#cite_note-214">[213]</a> As the museum's collection grew, the hall underwent major renovations in 1944 and again in 1970 when it re-opened in its current form.<a href="#cite_note-215">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[215]</a> Notable artifacts on display include the Kunz Axe and a full-scale replica of Tomb 104 from the <a href="/wiki/Monte_Alb%C3%A1n" title="Monte Albán">Monte Albán</a> archaeological site, originally displayed at the <a href="/wiki/1939_World%27s_Fair" class="mw-redirect" title="1939 World's Fair">1939 World's Fair</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_American_Peoples">South American Peoples</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: South American Peoples">edit</a>]</div> The Hall of South American Peoples is a one-story hall on the northwestern corner of the second floor, next to the Hall of Mexico and Central America. The hall was first opened on the third floor in 1904, and exhibited archaeological objects, including mummies, from <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a>. In 1931, the hall was expanded and relocated to the second floor under the direction of curators Ronald Olson and W.C. Bennett. The new hall included a recreation of a Chilean <a href="/wiki/Copper_extraction" title="Copper extraction">copper mine</a>, and later, a temporary hall titled the Men of the Montaña, which featured Peruvian cultural artifacts from the <a href="/wiki/Cashibo_people" title="Cashibo people">Cashibo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Panoan_languages" title="Panoan languages">Panoan</a> peoples.<a href="#cite_note-:1-217">[216]</a> In 1989, the Hall was renovated and reopened as a permanent exhibition, focusing on the technology and artistry of the ancient Andean and traditional Amazonian cultures, led by curators Craig Morris, <a href="/wiki/Junius_Bird" title="Junius Bird">Junius Bird</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Carneiro" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Carneiro">Robert Carneiro</a>.<a href="#cite_note-218">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-217">[216]</a> The Hall contains roughly 2,300 objects from various ancient South American cultures, including the <a href="/wiki/Moche_culture" title="Moche culture">Moche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chav%C3%ADn_culture" title="Chavín culture">Chávin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chancay_culture" title="Chancay culture">Chancay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paracas_culture" title="Paracas culture">Paracas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nazca_culture" title="Nazca culture">Nazca</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca</a>.<a href="#cite_note-220">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-221">[220]</a> A number of the artifacts on display come from the Roosevelt Collections, which were collected by Theodore Roosevelt on expeditions to South America in the early 20th century and donated to the museum.<a href="#cite_note-:2-221">[220]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Margaret_Mead_Hall_of_Pacific_Peoples">Margaret Mead Hall of Pacific Peoples</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Margaret Mead Hall of Pacific Peoples">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Margaret_Mead_Hall_of_Pacific_Peoples.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Margaret_Mead_Hall_of_Pacific_Peoples.jpg/220px-Margaret_Mead_Hall_of_Pacific_Peoples.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Margaret_Mead_Hall_of_Pacific_Peoples.jpg/330px-Margaret_Mead_Hall_of_Pacific_Peoples.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Margaret_Mead_Hall_of_Pacific_Peoples.jpg/440px-Margaret_Mead_Hall_of_Pacific_Peoples.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>A fiberglass cast of a <a href="/wiki/Moai" title="Moai">moai</a> in the Margaret Mead Hall of Pacific Peoples</figcaption></figure> The Hall of Pacific Peoples is on the southwestern corner of the third floor, accessed through the Hall of Plains Indians.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Map-159">[158]</a> The cultural anthropologist <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mead" title="Margaret Mead">Margaret Mead</a> had founded the Hall of Pacific Peoples in 1971.<a href="#cite_note-222">[221]</a> From the time Mead began curatorial work on the hall in 1945, she conceived an exhibit environment that would emulate sights and sounds from the Pacific regions on display.<a href="#cite_note-Losche-2006-223">[222]</a> After Mead's death in 1978, the hall reopened in December 1984 as the Margaret Mead Hall of Pacific Peoples.<a href="#cite_note-224">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[224]</a> The new hall, designed by Eugene Burgmann, maintained the blue-themed ocean and sky ambiance of the original hall.<a href="#cite_note-Losche-2006-223">[222]</a> The hall was once again closed in 1997 and reopened in 2001 with an updated design that retained the geocultural "alcoves" first installed with the 1984 remodel.<a href="#cite_note-Mohan-2021-226">[225]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Balinese_wayang_puppet_display.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Balinese_wayang_puppet_display.jpg/220px-Balinese_wayang_puppet_display.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Balinese_wayang_puppet_display.jpg/330px-Balinese_wayang_puppet_display.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Balinese_wayang_puppet_display.jpg/440px-Balinese_wayang_puppet_display.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Balinese <a href="/wiki/Wayang" title="Wayang">wayang</a> puppets collected by Mead and Bateson on display with photograph of puppet maker by Bateson.</figcaption></figure> The Margaret Mead Hall of Pacific Peoples contains artifacts from <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a> and other Pacific islands.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Mead_Hall2-227">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1984-12-212-228">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mohan-2021-226">[225]</a> Mead had collected 250 of the 1,500 items in the hall. Some of these were probably selected from the 3,284 items she collected for the American Museum of Natural History during fieldwork in <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a> and other Pacific island locations, 1928-1939.<a href="#cite_note-229">[228]</a> Others, such as the theatrical set from a <a href="/wiki/Wayang" title="Wayang">puppet play</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a>, were chosen from among the approximately 600 items that Mead and her anthropologist husband <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Bateson" title="Gregory Bateson">Gregory Bateson</a> had sent to the American Museum of Natural History while they were conducting fieldwork in Bali, 1936-1938.<a href="#cite_note-Mohan-2021-226">[225]</a> The exhibits in the Margaret Mead Hall of Pacific Peoples also include a fiberglass cast of an <a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a> <a href="/wiki/Moai" title="Moai">moai</a> statue and capes made of <a href="/wiki/Honeycreeper" title="Honeycreeper">honeycreeper</a> feathers.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1984-12-212-228">[227]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Native_American_halls">Native American halls</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Native American halls">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Northwest_Coast_Hall">Northwest Coast Hall</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Northwest Coast Hall">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kwakwaka%E2%80%99wakw_House_Post.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Kwakwaka%E2%80%99wakw_House_Post.jpg/170px-Kwakwaka%E2%80%99wakw_House_Post.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="402" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Kwakwaka%E2%80%99wakw_House_Post.jpg/255px-Kwakwaka%E2%80%99wakw_House_Post.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Kwakwaka%E2%80%99wakw_House_Post.jpg/340px-Kwakwaka%E2%80%99wakw_House_Post.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1380" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Kwakwaka'wakw House Posts</figcaption></figure> The Northwest Coast Hall is a one-story hall on the museum's ground floor behind the Grand Gallery and in between Warburg and Spitzer Halls.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Map-159">[158]</a> it is the museum's oldest hall, having been established in 1899 by anthropologist <a href="/wiki/Franz_Boas" title="Franz Boas">Franz Boas</a> as the Jesup North Pacific Hall.<a href="#cite_note-Weaver_2022-230">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hajela_2022-231">[230]</a> The hall now contains artifacts and exhibits of the tribes of the North Pacific Coast cultural region (Southern Alaska, Northern Washington, and a portion of British Columbia). Featured prominently in the hall are four "House Posts" from the <a href="/wiki/Kwakwaka%27wakw" class="mw-redirect" title="Kwakwaka'wakw">Kwakwaka'wakw</a> nation and murals by William S. Taylor depicting native life.<a href="#cite_note-232">[231]</a> As of 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit">[update]</a>, there are 9,000 items in total, including 78 totem poles,<a href="#cite_note-Weaver_2022-230">[229]</a> as well as a <a href="/wiki/Haida_people" title="Haida people">Haida</a> canoe suspended from the ceiling (relocated from the Grand Gallery in 2020).<a href="#cite_note-Lederman_2020-233">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-Vanasco_2020-234">[233]</a> The artifacts are accompanied by text in numerous Native American languages.<a href="#cite_note-Hajela_2022-231">[230]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuxalk_Masks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Nuxalk_Masks.jpg/170px-Nuxalk_Masks.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Nuxalk_Masks.jpg/255px-Nuxalk_Masks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Nuxalk_Masks.jpg/340px-Nuxalk_Masks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Nuxalk Masks</figcaption></figure> Artifacts in the hall originated from three main sources. The earliest of these was a gift of Haida artifacts collected by <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Powell" title="John Wesley Powell">John Wesley Powell</a> and donated by future trustee <a href="/wiki/Heber_R._Bishop" title="Heber R. Bishop">Heber R. Bishop</a> in 1882. This was followed by the museum's purchase of two collections of <a href="/wiki/Tlingit" title="Tlingit">Tlingit</a> artifacts collected by Lt. <a href="/wiki/George_T._Emmons" title="George T. Emmons">George T. Emmons</a> in 1888 and 1894.<a href="#cite_note-Indians_of_the_Northwest_Coast-235">[234]</a> The remainder of the hall's artifacts were collected during the famed <a href="/wiki/Jesup_North_Pacific_Expedition" title="Jesup North Pacific Expedition">Jesup North Pacific Expedition</a> between 1897 and 1902.<a href="#cite_note-236">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-anthro.amnh.org_2022-237">[236]</a> Led by Boas and financed by museum president <a href="/wiki/Morris_Ketchum_Jesup" title="Morris Ketchum Jesup">Morris Ketchum Jesup</a>, the expedition was the first for the museum's Division of Anthropology and is now considered the "foremost expedition in American anthropology".<a href="#cite_note-anthro.amnh.org_2022-237">[236]</a> Many famous ethnologists took part, including <a href="/wiki/George_Hunt_(ethnologist)" title="George Hunt (ethnologist)">George Hunt</a>, who secured the Kwakwaka'wakw House Posts in the hall.<a href="#cite_note-238">[237]</a> Other tribes featured in the hall include <a href="/wiki/Coast_Salish_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Coast Salish peoples">Coastal Salish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuu-chah-nulth" title="Nuu-chah-nulth">Nuu-chah-nulth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsimshian" title="Tsimshian">Tsimshian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nuxalk" title="Nuxalk">Nuxalk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Northwest_Coast-239">[238]</a> At the time of its opening, the Northwest Coast Hall was one of four halls dedicated to the native peoples of United States and Canada. It was originally organized in two sections, the first being a general area pertaining to all peoples of the region and the second a specialized area divided by tribe. This was a point of contention for Boas who wanted all artifacts in the hall to be associated with the proper tribe (much like it is currently organized), eventually leading to the dissolution of Boas's relationship with the museum.<a href="#cite_note-Indians_of_the_Northwest_Coast-235">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[239]</a> In May 2022, the hall reopened after a five-year, $19 million renovation, with more than 1,000 artifacts on view. The new display includes work from contemporary artists such as <a href="/wiki/Greg_Colfax_KlaWayHee" title="Greg Colfax KlaWayHee">Greg Colfax KlaWayHee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Davidson_(artist)" title="Robert Davidson (artist)">Robert Davidson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cincinnati-241">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-Angeleti_2022-242">[241]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Hall_of_Plains_Indians">Hall of Plains Indians</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Hall of Plains Indians">edit</a>]</div> The Hall of Plains Indians is on the south side of the third floor, near the western end of the museum.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Map-159">[158]</a> This hall opened in February 1967.<a href="#cite_note-243">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-244">[243]</a> The primary focus of this hall is the North American Great Plains peoples as they were at the middle of the 19th century, including depictions of <a href="/wiki/Piegan_Blackfeet" title="Piegan Blackfeet">Blackfeet</a> (see also: <a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_Confederacy" title="Blackfoot Confederacy">Blackfoot Confederacy</a>), <a href="/wiki/Hidatsa" title="Hidatsa">Hidatsa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dakota_people" title="Dakota people">Dakota</a> cultures. Of particular interest is a <a href="/wiki/Folsom_point" title="Folsom point">Folsom point</a> discovered in 1926 New Mexico, providing evidence of <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_migration_and_settlement_of_the_Americas_from_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric migration and settlement of the Americas from Asia">early American colonization of the Americas</a>. <a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Hall_of_Plains_Indians-245">[244]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Hall_of_Eastern_Woodlands_Indians">Hall of Eastern Woodlands Indians</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Hall of Eastern Woodlands Indians">edit</a>]</div> The Hall of Eastern Woodlands Indians is next to the Hall of Plains Indians, on the south side of the third floor.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Map-159">[158]</a> This hall opened in May 1966.<a href="#cite_note-246">[245]</a> It details the lives and technology of traditional Native American peoples in the woodland environments of eastern North America. These include <a href="/wiki/Cree" title="Cree">Cree</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mohegan" title="Mohegan">Mohegan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ojibwe" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Iroquois" title="Iroquois">Iroquois</a> cultures. The exhibit features examples of indigenous basketry, pottery, farming techniques, food preparation, metal jewelry, musical instruments, and textiles. Other highlights include a model of a <a href="/wiki/Menominee" title="Menominee">Menominee</a> birchbark canoe and various traditional lodgings such as an Ojibwa domed wigwam, an Iroquois longhouse, a <a href="/wiki/Creek_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Creek people">Creek</a> council house, and other eastern woodland dwelling styles.<a href="#cite_note-247">[246]</a> As of January 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit">[update]</a>, the Hall of Eastern Woodlands Indians, along with the Hall of the Plains Indians, is closed to ensure compliance with new <a href="/wiki/Native_American_Graves_Protection_and_Repatriation_Act" title="Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act">NAGPRA</a> regulations.<a href="#cite_note-CBS_News_2024_k565-125">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-Yang_2024_x293-126">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_origins_halls">Human origins halls</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Human origins halls">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Anne_and_Bernard_Spitzer_Hall_of_Human_Origins">Anne and Bernard Spitzer Hall of Human Origins</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Anne and Bernard Spitzer Hall of Human Origins">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Anne_and_Bernard_Spitzer_Hall_of_Human_Origins" title="Anne and Bernard Spitzer Hall of Human Origins">Anne and Bernard Spitzer Hall of Human Origins</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Homo_erectus_diorama_at_the_Hall_of_Human_Origins_at_AMNH.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Homo_erectus_diorama_at_the_Hall_of_Human_Origins_at_AMNH.jpg/220px-Homo_erectus_diorama_at_the_Hall_of_Human_Origins_at_AMNH.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Homo_erectus_diorama_at_the_Hall_of_Human_Origins_at_AMNH.jpg/330px-Homo_erectus_diorama_at_the_Hall_of_Human_Origins_at_AMNH.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Homo_erectus_diorama_at_the_Hall_of_Human_Origins_at_AMNH.jpg/440px-Homo_erectus_diorama_at_the_Hall_of_Human_Origins_at_AMNH.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3525" data-file-height="2325" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Homo_erectus" title="Homo erectus">Homo erectus</a> diorama in the Hall of Human Origins</figcaption></figure>The <a href="/wiki/Anne_and_Bernard_Spitzer_Hall_of_Human_Origins" title="Anne and Bernard Spitzer Hall of Human Origins">Anne and Bernard Spitzer Hall of Human Origins</a>, formerly The Hall of Human Biology and Evolution, is on the south side of the first floor, near the western end of the museum.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Map-159">[158]</a> It opened under its current name on February 10, 2007.<a href="#cite_note-timeline2-248">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-2007-02-09-249">[248]</a> When it first opened in 1921, the hall was known as the "Hall of the Age of Man", the only major exhibition in the United States to present an in-depth investigation of human evolution.<a href="#cite_note-Osborn_236–240-250">[249]</a> The displays traced the story of <a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo sapiens">Homo sapiens</a>, illuminated the path of human evolution and examined the origins of human creativity.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Hall_of_Human_Origins-251">[250]</a> Many of the displays from the original hall can still be viewed in the present expanded format. These include life-size dioramas of human predecessors <a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_afarensis" title="Australopithecus afarensis">Australopithecus afarensis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Homo_ergaster" title="Homo ergaster">Homo ergaster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal">Neanderthal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cro-Magnon" title="Cro-Magnon">Cro-Magnon</a>, showing each species demonstrating the behaviors and capabilities that scientists believe they were capable of. Also displayed are full-sized casts of important fossils, including the 3.2-million-year-old <a href="/wiki/Lucy_(Australopithecus)" title="Lucy (Australopithecus)">Lucy</a> skeleton and the 1.7-million-year-old <a href="/wiki/Turkana_Boy" title="Turkana Boy">Turkana Boy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Homo_erectus" title="Homo erectus">Homo erectus</a> specimens including a cast of <a href="/wiki/Peking_Man" title="Peking Man">Peking Man</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Hall_of_Human_Origins-251">[250]</a> The hall also features replicas of <a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">ice age</a> art found in the <a href="/wiki/Dordogne" title="Dordogne">Dordogne</a> region of southwestern France. The <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> carvings of horses were made nearly 26,000 years ago and are considered to represent some of the earliest artistic expression of humans.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-2007-02-09-249">[248]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Earth_and_planetary_science_halls">Earth and planetary science halls</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Earth and planetary science halls">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arthur_Ross_Hall_of_Meteorites">Arthur Ross Hall of Meteorites</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Arthur Ross Hall of Meteorites">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ahnighito_AMNH,_34_tons_meteorite.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ahnighito_AMNH%2C_34_tons_meteorite.jpg/170px-Ahnighito_AMNH%2C_34_tons_meteorite.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ahnighito_AMNH%2C_34_tons_meteorite.jpg/255px-Ahnighito_AMNH%2C_34_tons_meteorite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ahnighito_AMNH%2C_34_tons_meteorite.jpg/340px-Ahnighito_AMNH%2C_34_tons_meteorite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2853" data-file-height="2853" /></a><figcaption>Cape York Meteorite</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Willamette_Meteorite_AMNH.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Willamette_Meteorite_AMNH.jpg/170px-Willamette_Meteorite_AMNH.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Willamette_Meteorite_AMNH.jpg/255px-Willamette_Meteorite_AMNH.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Willamette_Meteorite_AMNH.jpg/340px-Willamette_Meteorite_AMNH.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Willamette_Meteorite" title="Willamette Meteorite">Willamette Meteorite</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ross_(philanthropist)" title="Arthur Ross (philanthropist)">Arthur Ross</a> Hall of Meteorites is on the southwest corner of the first floor.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Map-159">[158]</a> It contains some of the finest specimens in the world including <a href="/wiki/Ahnighito" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahnighito">Ahnighito</a>, a section of the 200-ton <a href="/wiki/Cape_York_meteorite" title="Cape York meteorite">Cape York meteorite</a> which was first made known to non-Inuit cultures on their investigation of <a href="/wiki/Meteorite_Island" title="Meteorite Island">Meteorite Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a>. Its great weight, 34 tons, makes it the largest displayed in the Northern Hemisphere.<a href="#cite_note-252">[251]</a> It has support by columns that extend through the floor and into the bedrock below the museum.<a href="#cite_note-253">[252]</a> The hall also contains extra-solar <a href="/wiki/Detonation_nanodiamond" title="Detonation nanodiamond">nanodiamonds</a> (diamonds with dimensions on the <a href="/wiki/Nanometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanometer">nanometer</a> level) more than 5 billion years old. These were extracted from a meteorite sample through chemical means, and they are so small that a quadrillion of these fit into a volume smaller than a cubic centimeter.<a href="#cite_note-254">[253]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allison_and_Roberto_Mignone_Halls_of_Gems_and_Minerals">Allison and Roberto Mignone Halls of Gems and Minerals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Allison and Roberto Mignone Halls of Gems and Minerals">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Allison_and_Roberto_Mignone_Halls_of_Gems_and_Minerals" title="Allison and Roberto Mignone Halls of Gems and Minerals">Allison and Roberto Mignone Halls of Gems and Minerals</a></div> The Allison and Roberto Mignone Halls of Gems and Minerals (formerly the Harry Frank Guggenheim Hall of Gems and Minerals) is on the first floor, north of the Ross Hall of Meteorites.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Map-159">[158]</a> It houses thousands of rare gems, minerals specimens and pieces of jewelry. The halls closed in 2017 to undergo a $32 million redesign by Ralph Appelbaum Associates and reopened to the general public in June 2021.<a href="#cite_note-Dukes-255">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[255]</a> The redesigned exhibits adopt newer philosophies in <a href="/wiki/Exhibit_design" title="Exhibit design">exhibit design</a>, including a focus on storytelling, interactivity, and connecting ideas across disciplines. The halls explore a range of topics, including the diversification of <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral species</a> over the course of Earth's history, <a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">plate tectonics</a>, and the stories of specific <a href="/wiki/Gemstone" title="Gemstone">gems</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Zimmerman-257">[256]</a> The halls display rare samples chosen from among the more than 100,000 pieces in the museum's collection including the <a href="/wiki/Star_of_India_(gem)" title="Star of India (gem)">Star of India</a>, the Patricia Emerald, and the <a href="/wiki/DeLong_Star_Ruby" title="DeLong Star Ruby">DeLong Star Ruby</a>.<a href="#cite_note-258">[257]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Gem_exhibit,_Natural_History_Museum,_Upper_West_Side,_NYC.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Assorted faceted and polished minerals"><img alt="Assorted faceted and polished minerals" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Gem_exhibit%2C_Natural_History_Museum%2C_Upper_West_Side%2C_NYC.jpg/240px-Gem_exhibit%2C_Natural_History_Museum%2C_Upper_West_Side%2C_NYC.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Gem_exhibit%2C_Natural_History_Museum%2C_Upper_West_Side%2C_NYC.jpg/360px-Gem_exhibit%2C_Natural_History_Museum%2C_Upper_West_Side%2C_NYC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Gem_exhibit%2C_Natural_History_Museum%2C_Upper_West_Side%2C_NYC.jpg/480px-Gem_exhibit%2C_Natural_History_Museum%2C_Upper_West_Side%2C_NYC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Assorted faceted and polished minerals</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Minerals.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Labradorite specimen"><img alt="Labradorite specimen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Minerals.JPG/240px-Minerals.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Minerals.JPG/360px-Minerals.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Minerals.JPG/480px-Minerals.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Labradorite" title="Labradorite">Labradorite</a> specimen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hallofminerals.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Quartz var. agate geode"><img alt="Quartz var. agate geode" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Hallofminerals.JPG/240px-Hallofminerals.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Hallofminerals.JPG/360px-Hallofminerals.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Hallofminerals.JPG/480px-Hallofminerals.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Agate" title="Agate">Quartz var. agate</a> <a href="/wiki/Geode" title="Geode">geode</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hallofminerals2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Microcline specimen"><img alt="Microcline specimen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Hallofminerals2.JPG/240px-Hallofminerals2.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Hallofminerals2.JPG/360px-Hallofminerals2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Hallofminerals2.JPG/480px-Hallofminerals2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Microcline" title="Microcline">Microcline</a> specimen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hallofminerals3.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Quartz var. amethyst geode"><img alt="Quartz var. amethyst geode" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Hallofminerals3.JPG/240px-Hallofminerals3.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Hallofminerals3.JPG/360px-Hallofminerals3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Hallofminerals3.JPG/480px-Hallofminerals3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Amethyst" title="Amethyst">Quartz var. amethyst</a> geode</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="David_S._and_Ruth_L._Gottesman_Hall_of_Planet_Earth">David S. and Ruth L. Gottesman Hall of Planet Earth</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: David S. and Ruth L. Gottesman Hall of Planet Earth">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/David_Gottesman" title="David Gottesman">David S. and Ruth L. Gottesman</a> Hall of Planet Earth is on the first floor at the northeast corner of the museum.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Map-159">[158]</a> Opened in 1999, it is a permanent hall devoted to the history of Earth, from <a href="/wiki/Accretion_(astrophysics)" title="Accretion (astrophysics)">accretion</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Abiogenesis" title="Abiogenesis">origin of life</a> and contemporary <a href="/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_environment" title="Human impact on the environment">human impacts</a> on the planet. The hall was designed to answer five key questions: "How has earth evolved? Why are there ocean basins, continents and mountains? How do scientists read rocks? What causes climate and climate change? Why is earth habitable?"<a href="#cite_note-n103695676-259">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1999-06-11-260">[259]</a> The hall features rocks and other objects collected over 28 expeditions; the oldest rock is 4.3 billion years old, while the youngest was collected from a volcano on the day that it solidified. There is also a 30-seat granite amphitheater, with a globe, at the center of the hall.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1999-06-11-260">[259]</a> Several sections also discuss the studies of Earth systems, including <a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">geology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glaciology" title="Glaciology">glaciology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmospheric sciences">atmospheric sciences</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Volcanology" title="Volcanology">volcanology</a>. The exhibit has several large, touchable rock specimens. The hall features striking samples of <a href="/wiki/Banded_iron_formation" title="Banded iron formation">banded iron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metaconglomerate" title="Metaconglomerate">deformed conglomerate rocks</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">lavas</a>, and three <a href="/wiki/Hydrothermal_vent" title="Hydrothermal vent">black smokers</a>. The north section of the hall, which deals primarily with <a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">plate tectonics</a>, is arranged to mimic the <a href="/wiki/Structure_of_the_Earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Structure of the Earth">Earth's structure</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Inner_core" class="mw-redirect" title="Inner core">core</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mantle_(geology)" title="Mantle (geology)">mantle</a> at the center and <a href="/wiki/Orogeny" title="Orogeny">crustal features</a> on the perimeter.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Hall_of_Planet_Earth-261">[260]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fossil_halls">Fossil halls</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Fossil halls">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tyrannosaurus_rex_at_the_American_Museum_of_Natural_History.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Tyrannosaurus_rex_at_the_American_Museum_of_Natural_History.jpg/220px-Tyrannosaurus_rex_at_the_American_Museum_of_Natural_History.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Tyrannosaurus_rex_at_the_American_Museum_of_Natural_History.jpg/330px-Tyrannosaurus_rex_at_the_American_Museum_of_Natural_History.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Tyrannosaurus_rex_at_the_American_Museum_of_Natural_History.jpg/440px-Tyrannosaurus_rex_at_the_American_Museum_of_Natural_History.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Tyrannosaurus rex in the Hall of Saurischian Dinosaurs</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Styracosaurus_albertensis_skull_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Styracosaurus_albertensis_skull_02.jpg/170px-Styracosaurus_albertensis_skull_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Styracosaurus_albertensis_skull_02.jpg/255px-Styracosaurus_albertensis_skull_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Styracosaurus_albertensis_skull_02.jpg/340px-Styracosaurus_albertensis_skull_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Skeleton of <a href="/wiki/Styracosaurus" title="Styracosaurus">Styracosaurus</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Storage_facilities">Storage facilities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Storage facilities">edit</a>]</div> Most of the museum's collections of mammalian and dinosaur <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">fossils</a> remain hidden from public view and are kept in many repositories deep within the museum complex.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_3A-105">[104]</a> The most significant storage facility among these is the ten-story <a href="/wiki/Childs_Frick" title="Childs Frick">Childs Frick</a> Building, which started construction in 1969<a href="#cite_note-262">[261]</a> and was completed in 1973.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_3A-105">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1975-04-092-106">[105]</a> When the Frick Building was completed, the museum's collection of fossilized mammals and dinosaurs was the world's largest such collection, weighing 600 short tons (540 long tons; 540 t). The Frick Building's top three floors contain laboratories and offices.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1975-04-09-263">[262]</a> Other areas of the museum contain repositories of life from the past. The <a href="/wiki/Whale" title="Whale">Whale</a> Bone Storage Room is a cavernous space in which powerful winches come down from the ceiling to move the giant fossil bones about. The museum attic upstairs includes even more storage facilities, such as the <a href="/wiki/Elephant" title="Elephant">Elephant</a> Room, while the <a href="/wiki/Tusk" title="Tusk">tusk</a> vault and <a href="/wiki/Boar" class="mw-redirect" title="Boar">boar</a> vault are downstairs from the attic.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPreston1986119–120-264">[263]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_displays">Public displays</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Public displays">edit</a>]</div> The great fossil collections that are open to public view occupy the entire fourth floor of the museum.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Map-159">[158]</a> The fourth floor exhibits are accessed by the Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Orientation Center, which opened in 1996.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1996-06-07-265">[264]</a> On the 77th Street side of the museum the visitor begins in the Orientation Center and follows a carefully marked path, which takes the visitor along an evolutionary <a href="/wiki/Tree_of_life_(science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tree of life (science)">tree of life</a>. As the tree "branches" the visitor is presented with the familial relationships among vertebrates, called <a href="/wiki/Cladogram" title="Cladogram">cladograms</a>. A video projection on the museum's fourth floor introduces visitors to the concept of the cladogram.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Orientation_Center-266">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1996-06-07-265">[264]</a> Many of the fossils on display represent unique and historic pieces that were collected during the museum's golden era of worldwide expeditions (1880s–1930s).<a href="#cite_note-timeline-19">[19]</a> On a smaller scale, expeditions continue into the present and have resulted in additions to the collections from <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>, South America, and central and eastern Africa. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Halls">Halls</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Halls">edit</a>]</div> The first dinosaur hall in the museum opened in 1905.<a href="#cite_note-n132488859-91">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1905-02-15-92">[91]</a> The 4th floor includes the following halls:<a href="#cite_note-267">[266]</a> <ul><li>Hall of Vertebrate Origins</li> <li>Hall of <a href="/wiki/Saurischia" title="Saurischia">Saurischian</a> Dinosaurs (recognized by their grasping hand, long mobile neck, and the downward/forward position of the pubis bone, they are forerunners of the modern bird)<a href="#cite_note-268">[267]</a></li> <li>Hall of <a href="/wiki/Ornithischia" title="Ornithischia">Ornithischian</a> Dinosaurs (defined for a pubic bone that points toward the back)</li> <li>Hall of Primitive Mammals</li> <li>Hall of Advanced Mammals</li></ul> The dinosaur halls were temporarily closed for renovation starting in 1990.<a href="#cite_note-269">[268]</a> The first halls to reopen were the primitive-mammal and advanced-mammal halls, part of the Lila Acheson Wallace Wing of Mammals and Their Extinct Relatives, which opened in 1994.<a href="#cite_note-270">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-271">[270]</a> The Halls of Saurischian Dinosaurs and Ornithischian Dinosaurs reopened in 1995 as part of a $12 million expansion.<a href="#cite_note-p398450267-272">[271]</a><a href="#cite_note-273">[272]</a> The Hall of Vertebrate Origins opened in 1996.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1996-06-07-265">[264]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fossils_on_display">Fossils on display</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Fossils on display">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amnh_fg08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Amnh_fg08.jpg/220px-Amnh_fg08.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Amnh_fg08.jpg/330px-Amnh_fg08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Amnh_fg08.jpg/440px-Amnh_fg08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Edmontosaurus_annectens" title="Edmontosaurus annectens">Edmontosaurus annectens</a> fossil skeletons</figcaption></figure> The fossils on display include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tyrannosaurus" title="Tyrannosaurus">Tyrannosaurus</a> rex: Composed almost entirely of real fossil bones, it is mounted in a horizontal stalking pose balanced on powerful legs. The specimen is actually composed of fossil bones from two T. rex skeletons discovered in <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a> in 1902 and 1908 by famous dinosaur hunter <a href="/wiki/Barnum_Brown" title="Barnum Brown">Barnum Brown</a>.<a href="#cite_note-274">[273]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammuthus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammuthus">Mammuthus</a>: Larger than its relative the <a href="/wiki/Woolly_mammoth" title="Woolly mammoth">woolly mammoth</a>, these fossils are from an animal that lived 11,000 years ago in <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-275">[274]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apatosaurus" title="Apatosaurus">Apatosaurus</a> or <a href="/wiki/Brontosaurus" title="Brontosaurus">Brontosaurus</a>: This giant specimen was discovered at the end of the 19th century. Although most of its fossil bones are original, the skull is not, since none was found on site. The skeleton is composed primarily of the specimen AMNH 460, as well as specimens AMNH 222, AMNH 339, AMNH 592, and casts of the Brontosaurus excelsus holotype <a href="/wiki/Peabody_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="Peabody Museum of Natural History">YPM</a> 1980.<a href="#cite_note-276">[275]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tschopp-277">[276]</a> It was only many years later that the first Apatosaurus skull was discovered, and so a plaster cast of that skull was made and placed on the museum's mount. A <a href="/wiki/Camarasaurus" title="Camarasaurus">Camarasaurus</a> skull had been used mistakenly until a correct skull was found.<a href="#cite_note-278">[277]</a> It is not entirely certain whether this specimen is a Brontosaurus or an Apatosaurus, and therefore it is considered an "unidentified <a href="/wiki/Apatosaurinae" title="Apatosaurinae">apatosaurine</a>", as it could also potentially be its own genus and species.<a href="#cite_note-Tschopp-277">[276]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brontops" class="mw-redirect" title="Brontops">Brontops</a>: Extinct mammal distantly related to the <a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">horse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rhinoceros" title="Rhinoceros">rhinoceros</a>. It lived 35 million years ago in what is now <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a>. It is noted for its magnificent and unusual pair of horns.<a href="#cite_note-279">[278]</a></li> <li>A skeleton of <a href="/wiki/Edmontosaurus_annectens" title="Edmontosaurus annectens">Edmontosaurus annectens</a>, a large <a href="/wiki/Herbivorous" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbivorous">herbivorous</a> <a href="/wiki/Ornithopod" class="mw-redirect" title="Ornithopod">ornithopod</a> dinosaur. The specimen is an example of a "mummified" dinosaur fossil in which the soft tissue and skin impressions were imbedded in the surrounding rock. The specimen is mounted as it was found, lying on its side with its legs drawn up and head drawn backwards.<a href="#cite_note-280">[279]</a></li> <li>On September 26, 2007, an 80-million-year-old, 2 ft (61 cm) diameter fossil of an <a href="/wiki/Ammonite" class="mw-redirect" title="Ammonite">ammonite</a>, which is composed entirely of the gemstone <a href="/wiki/Ammolite" title="Ammolite">ammolite</a>, made its debut at the museum. Neil Landman, curator of fossil <a href="/wiki/Invertebrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Invertebrates">invertebrates</a>, explained that ammonites (shelled <a href="/wiki/Cephalopod" title="Cephalopod">cephalopod</a> <a href="/wiki/Mollusk" class="mw-redirect" title="Mollusk">mollusks</a> in the subclass Ammonoidea) became extinct <a href="/wiki/KT_event" class="mw-redirect" title="KT event">66 million years ago</a>, in the same <a href="/wiki/Extinction_event" title="Extinction event">extinction event</a> that killed the dinosaurs. <a href="/wiki/Korite_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Korite International">Korite International</a> donated the fossil after its discovery in <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>, Canada.<a href="#cite_note-American_Museum_of_Natural_History_2014_p001-281">[280]</a></li> <li>One skeleton of an <a href="/wiki/Allosaurus" title="Allosaurus">Allosaurus</a> scavenging from a <a href="/wiki/Brontosaurus" title="Brontosaurus">Brontosaurus</a> corpse based on fossils found at <a href="/wiki/Bone_Cabin_Quarry" title="Bone Cabin Quarry">Bone Cabin Quarry</a> preserving large bite marks on Apatosaurine vertebrae.<a href="#cite_note-282">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-283">[282]</a><a href="#cite_note-284">[283]</a></li> <li>The only known skull of <a href="/wiki/Andrewsarchus_mongoliensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrewsarchus mongoliensis">Andrewsarchus mongoliensis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-285">[284]</a></li> <li>A display of various species of ground sloths including <a href="/wiki/Megalocnus" title="Megalocnus">Megalocnus</a> rodens, <a href="/wiki/Scelidotherium" title="Scelidotherium">Scelidotherium</a> cuvieri, <a href="/wiki/Megalonyx" title="Megalonyx">Megalonyx</a> wheatleyi and <a href="/wiki/Glossotherium" title="Glossotherium">Glossotherium</a> robustus</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ground_sloths.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ground_sloths.jpg/220px-Ground_sloths.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ground_sloths.jpg/330px-Ground_sloths.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ground_sloths.jpg/440px-Ground_sloths.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption>A display of various species of <a href="/wiki/Ground_sloths" class="mw-redirect" title="Ground sloths">ground sloths</a> (from left) <a href="/wiki/Megalocnus" title="Megalocnus">Megalocnus</a> rodens, <a href="/wiki/Scelidotherium" title="Scelidotherium">Scelidotherium</a> cuvieri, <a href="/wiki/Megalonyx" title="Megalonyx">Megalonyx</a> wheatleyi, <a href="/wiki/Glossotherium" title="Glossotherium">Glossotherium</a> robustus</figcaption></figure> A <a href="/wiki/Triceratops" title="Triceratops">Triceratops</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Stegosaurus" title="Stegosaurus">Stegosaurus</a> are also both on display, among many other specimens. Besides the fossils in museum display, many specimens are stored in the collections available for scientists. Those include important specimens such as complete <a href="/wiki/Diplodocid" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplodocid">diplodocid</a> skull,<a href="#cite_note-286">[285]</a> tyrannosaurid teeth, <a href="/wiki/Sauropod" class="mw-redirect" title="Sauropod">sauropod</a> vertebrae, and many <a href="/wiki/Holotype" title="Holotype">holotypes</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rose_Center_for_Earth_and_Space">Rose Center for Earth and Space</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Rose Center for Earth and Space">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amnh_fg09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Amnh_fg09.jpg/220px-Amnh_fg09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Amnh_fg09.jpg/330px-Amnh_fg09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Amnh_fg09.jpg/440px-Amnh_fg09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Rose Center for Earth and Space</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rose_Center_for_Earth_and_Space" title="Rose Center for Earth and Space">Rose Center for Earth and Space</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Hayden_Planetarium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hayden Planetarium">Hayden Planetarium</a>, connected to the museum, is now part of the <a href="/wiki/Rose_Center_for_Earth_and_Space" title="Rose Center for Earth and Space">Rose Center for Earth and Space</a> on the north side of the museum.<a href="#cite_note-AMNH_Map-159">[158]</a> The original Hayden Planetarium was founded in 1933 with a donation by philanthropist <a href="/wiki/Charles_Hayden_(banker)" title="Charles Hayden (banker)">Charles Hayden</a>, and it opened in 1935.<a href="#cite_note-287">[286]</a> The AMNH announced the modern Rose Center for Earth and Space in early 1995,<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1995-01-272-134">[133]</a> and demolition began the same year.<a href="#cite_note-288">[287]</a> The Frederick Phineas and Sandra Priest Rose Center for Earth and Space was completed in 2000 at a cost of $210 million.<a href="#cite_note-Glancey-2000-109">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-2000-02-06-110">[109]</a> Designed by <a href="/wiki/James_Polshek" title="James Polshek">James Stewart Polshek</a>, the new building consists of a six-story high glass cube enclosing an 87 ft (27 m) illuminated sphere that appears to float, although it is actually supported by truss work. Polshek has referred to his work as a "cosmic cathedral".<a href="#cite_note-Glancey-2000-109">[108]</a> The sphere is known as the Space Theater.<a href="#cite_note-289">[288]</a> The facility encloses 333,500 sq ft (30,980 m2) of research, education, and exhibition space as well as the Hayden planetarium. Also in the facility is the Department of <a href="/wiki/Astrophysics" title="Astrophysics">Astrophysics</a>, the newest academic research department in the museum. <a href="/wiki/Neil_DeGrasse_Tyson" class="mw-redirect" title="Neil DeGrasse Tyson">Neil DeGrasse Tyson</a> is the director of the Hayden Planetarium. In addition, Polshek designed the 1,800 sq ft (170 m2) Weston Pavilion, a 43 ft (13 m) high transparent structure of "water white" glass along the museum's west facade. This structure, a small companion piece to the Rose Center, offers a new entry way to the museum as well as opening further exhibition space for astronomically related objects.<a href="#cite_note-290">[289]</a> The Heilbrun Cosmic Pathway is one of the most popular exhibits in the Rose Center.<a href="#cite_note-timeline2-248">[247]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Richard_Gilder_Center_for_Science,_Education_and_Innovation">Richard Gilder Center for Science, Education and Innovation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Richard Gilder Center for Science, Education and Innovation">edit</a>]</div> Designed by <a href="/wiki/Studio_Gang" title="Studio Gang">Studio Gang</a> and landscape architects Reed Hilderbrand, the Richard Gilder Center for Science, Education and Innovation opened in May 2023. The 230,000-square-foot addition includes six floors above ground, and one below. The Gilder Center welcomes visitors with a new, accessible entrance on Columbus Avenue that connects to central five-story atrium and creates more than 30 connections to the existing museum.<a href="#cite_note-291">[290]</a> The atrium's architecture is informed by natural processes like the movement of wind and water that shape geological landscapes.<a href="#cite_note-292">[291]</a> To achieve the continuous visual form, the atrium is constructed with <a href="/wiki/Shotcrete" title="Shotcrete">shotcrete</a>. The curvilinear façade contrasts with the earlier <a href="/wiki/High_Victorian_Gothic" title="High Victorian Gothic">High Victorian Gothic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richardson_Romanesque" class="mw-redirect" title="Richardson Romanesque">Richardson Romanesque</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Beaux_arts_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Beaux arts architecture">Beaux Arts</a> structures, but its <a href="/wiki/Milford_pink_granite" title="Milford pink granite">Milford Pink granite</a> cladding is the same stone used on the Museum's west side.<a href="#cite_note-Bernstein_2023_p819-293">[292]</a> <a href="#cite_note-294">[293]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gilder_Center_from_Theodore_Roosevelt_Park,_2023.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Gilder_Center_from_Theodore_Roosevelt_Park%2C_2023.png/220px-Gilder_Center_from_Theodore_Roosevelt_Park%2C_2023.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Gilder_Center_from_Theodore_Roosevelt_Park%2C_2023.png/330px-Gilder_Center_from_Theodore_Roosevelt_Park%2C_2023.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Gilder_Center_from_Theodore_Roosevelt_Park%2C_2023.png/440px-Gilder_Center_from_Theodore_Roosevelt_Park%2C_2023.png 2x" data-file-width="2540" data-file-height="1217" /></a><figcaption>Gilder Center</figcaption></figure> The Richard Gilder Center houses new exhibition and display areas devoted to insects, including an <a href="/wiki/Insectarium" title="Insectarium">insectarium</a> and butterfly <a href="/wiki/Vivarium" title="Vivarium">vivarium</a>, where visitors can walk among hundreds of live specimens as they flutter about in a lush tropical setting. It also includes a visible storage structure that houses and displays scientific specimens; an expanded research library; classrooms and education areas, and laboratories.<a href="#cite_note-295">[294]</a> Another permanent fixture is an immersive and interactive video experience called “Invisible Worlds” that focuses on the vital, often hard-to-see connections that support life, such as the firing of brain neurons, the exchange of nutrients and water between tree roots, and the microscopic world of plankton in ocean ecosystems.<a href="#cite_note-:0-296">[295]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leafcutter_ants_at_the_Gilder_Center_at_AMNH.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Leafcutter_ants_at_the_Gilder_Center_at_AMNH.jpg/220px-Leafcutter_ants_at_the_Gilder_Center_at_AMNH.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Leafcutter_ants_at_the_Gilder_Center_at_AMNH.jpg/330px-Leafcutter_ants_at_the_Gilder_Center_at_AMNH.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Leafcutter_ants_at_the_Gilder_Center_at_AMNH.jpg/440px-Leafcutter_ants_at_the_Gilder_Center_at_AMNH.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leafcutter_ant" title="Leafcutter ant">Leafcutter ant</a> colony in the Gilder Center Insectarium</figcaption></figure> This expansion was originally supposed to be north of the existing museum, occupying parts of Theodore Roosevelt Park. The expansion was relocated to the west side of the existing museum, and its footprint was reduced in size, due to opposition to construction in the park. The annex replaced three existing buildings along <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Avenue_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbus Avenue (Manhattan)">Columbus Avenue</a>'s east side.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-DesignExpansion-2015-135">[134]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exhibitions_Lab">Exhibitions Lab</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Exhibitions Lab">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/AMNH_Exhibitions_Lab" title="AMNH Exhibitions Lab">AMNH Exhibitions Lab</a></div> Founded in 1869, the AMNH Exhibitions Lab has since produced thousands of installations. The department is notable for its integration of new scientific research into immersive art and multimedia presentations. In addition to the famous dioramas at its home museum and the <a href="/wiki/Rose_Center_for_Earth_and_Space" title="Rose Center for Earth and Space">Rose Center for Earth and Space</a>, the lab has also produced international exhibitions and software such as the <a href="/wiki/Digital_Universe_Atlas" title="Digital Universe Atlas">Digital Universe Atlas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-297">[296]</a> The exhibitions team currently consists of over sixty artists, writers, preparators, designers and programmers. The department is responsible for the creation of two to three exhibits per year. These extensive shows typically travel nationally to sister <a href="/wiki/Natural_history_museums" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural history museums">natural history museums</a>. They have produced, among others, the first exhibits to discuss <a href="/wiki/Darwinian_evolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Darwinian evolution">Darwinian evolution</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Osborn_236–240-250">[249]</a> <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">human-induced climate change</a><a href="#cite_note-298">[297]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/KT_Boundary" class="mw-redirect" title="KT Boundary">mesozoic mass extinction</a> via <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research_Library">Research Library</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Research Library">edit</a>]</div> The Research Library is open to staff and public visitors, and is on the fourth floor of the museum.<a href="#cite_note-299">[298]</a> The Library collects materials covering such subjects as <a href="/wiki/Mammalogy" title="Mammalogy">mammalogy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Earth_science" title="Earth science">earth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Planetary_science" title="Planetary science">planetary science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Astrophysics" title="Astrophysics">astrophysics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">anthropology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Entomology" title="Entomology">entomology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herpetology" title="Herpetology">herpetology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ichthyology" title="Ichthyology">ichthyology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paleontology" title="Paleontology">paleontology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethology" title="Ethology">ethology</a>, ornithology, <a href="/wiki/Mineralogy" title="Mineralogy">mineralogy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Invertebrate" title="Invertebrate">invertebrates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Systematics" title="Systematics">systematics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology">ecology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oceanography" title="Oceanography">oceanography</a>, conchology, exploration and travel, <a href="/wiki/History_of_science" title="History of science">history of science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Museology" title="Museology">museology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bibliography" title="Bibliography">bibliography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genomics" title="Genomics">genomics</a>, and peripheral <a href="/wiki/Biological_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological sciences">biological sciences</a>. The collection has many retrospective materials, some going back to the 15th century, that are difficult to find elsewhere.<a href="#cite_note-300">[299]</a> In its early years, the Library expanded its collection mostly through such gifts as <a href="/wiki/John_Clarkson_Jay" title="John Clarkson Jay">John Clarkson Jay</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Conchology" title="Conchology">conchological</a> library,<a href="#cite_note-J.T._White_1896_p._378-301">[300]</a><a href="#cite_note-Osborn_p._120-302">[301]</a> <a href="/wiki/Carson_Brevoort" class="mw-redirect" title="Carson Brevoort">Carson Brevoort</a>'s library on fishes and general zoology,<a href="#cite_note-Osborn_p._120-302">[301]</a><a href="#cite_note-Johnston_Mudge_1912_p._111-303">[302]</a> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Giraud_Elliot" title="Daniel Giraud Elliot">Daniel Giraud Elliot</a>'s ornithological library,<a href="#cite_note-Osborn_p._120-302">[301]</a><a href="#cite_note-Johnston_Mudge_1912_p._111-303">[302]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=S._Lowell_Elliot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S. Lowell Elliot (page does not exist)">S. Lowell Elliot</a>'s collection of books and pamphlets on various subjects,<a href="#cite_note-Osborn_pp._120–121-304">[303]</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Edwards_(entomologist)" title="Henry Edwards (entomologist)">Harry Edwards</a>'s entomological library,<a href="#cite_note-Johnston_Mudge_1912_p._111-303">[302]</a><a href="#cite_note-Osborn_pp._121-305">[304]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Jewett" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh Jewett">Hugh Jewett</a> collection of voyages and travel,<a href="#cite_note-American_Museum_of_Natural_History_1890_p._22-56">[55]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jules_Marcou" title="Jules Marcou">Jules Marcou</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">geology</a> collection.<a href="#cite_note-Osborn_pp._121-305">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-New_York_State_Education_Department_1901_p._464-306">[305]</a> In the 1900s, the library continued to grow with donations from figures and organizations such as <a href="/wiki/Egbert_Viele" class="mw-redirect" title="Egbert Viele">Egbert Viele</a>, the <a href="/wiki/American_Ethnological_Society" title="American Ethnological Society">American Ethnological Society</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joel_Asaph_Allen" title="Joel Asaph Allen">Joel Asaph Allen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hermon_Carey_Bumpus" title="Hermon Carey Bumpus">Hermon Carey Bumpus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fairfield_Osborn" title="Henry Fairfield Osborn">Henry Fairfield Osborn</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Osborn_pp._121–122-307">[306]</a> The new Library was designed by the firm <a href="/wiki/Roche-Dinkeloo" title="Roche-Dinkeloo">Roche-Dinkeloo</a> in 1992. The space is 55,000 sq ft (5,100 m2) and includes five different "conservation zones", including the 50-person reading room, public offices, and temperature- and humidity-controlled rooms.<a href="#cite_note-308">[307]</a> Today, the Library's collections contain over 550,000 volumes of <a href="/wiki/Monographs" class="mw-redirect" title="Monographs">monographs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Periodical_publication" class="mw-redirect" title="Periodical publication">serials</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pamphlets" class="mw-redirect" title="Pamphlets">pamphlets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reprints" class="mw-redirect" title="Reprints">reprints</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microform" title="Microform">microforms</a>, and original illustrations, as well as film, photographic, archives and manuscripts, fine art, memorabilia and rare book collections. Special collections include: <ul><li>Institutional Archives, Manuscripts, and Personal Papers: Includes archival documents, field notebooks, clippings and other documents relating to the museum, its scientists and staff, scientific expeditions and research, museum exhibitions, education, and general administration.<a href="#cite_note-309">[308]</a></li> <li>Art and Memorabilia Collection.<a href="#cite_note-310">[309]</a></li> <li>Moving Image Collection.<a href="#cite_note-311">[310]</a></li> <li>Vertical Files: Relating to exhibitions, expeditions, and museum operations.<a href="#cite_note-312">[311]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activities">Activities</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Activities">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research_activities">Research activities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Research activities">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Matrix_barcode_AMNH_PBI_00388325.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Matrix_barcode_AMNH_PBI_00388325.png/220px-Matrix_barcode_AMNH_PBI_00388325.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Matrix_barcode_AMNH_PBI_00388325.png/330px-Matrix_barcode_AMNH_PBI_00388325.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Matrix_barcode_AMNH_PBI_00388325.png/440px-Matrix_barcode_AMNH_PBI_00388325.png 2x" data-file-width="695" data-file-height="303" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Matrix_barcode" class="mw-redirect" title="Matrix barcode">matrix barcode</a> that uniquely identifies a specimen in the museum's entomology collection.</figcaption></figure> The museum has a scientific staff of more than 225, and sponsors over 120 special field expeditions each year. Many of the fossils on display represent unique and historic pieces that were collected during the museum's golden era of worldwide expeditions (1880s–1930s). Examples of some of these expeditions, financed in whole or part by the AMNH are: <a href="/wiki/Jesup_North_Pacific_Expedition" title="Jesup North Pacific Expedition">Jesup North Pacific Expedition</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Whitney_South_Seas_Expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitney South Seas Expedition">Whitney South Seas Expedition</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt%E2%80%93Rondon_Scientific_Expedition" title="Roosevelt–Rondon Scientific Expedition">Roosevelt–Rondon Scientific Expedition</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Crocker_Land_Expedition" title="Crocker Land Expedition">Crocker Land Expedition</a>, and the expeditions to Madagascar and New Guinea by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Archbold" title="Richard Archbold">Richard Archbold</a>. On a smaller scale, expeditions continue into the present. The museum also publishes several peer-reviewed journals, including the <a href="/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_American_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</a>.<a href="#cite_note-313">[312]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Southwestern_Research_Station">Southwestern Research Station</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Southwestern Research Station">edit</a>]</div> The AMNH operates a biological field station in <a href="/wiki/Portal,_Arizona" title="Portal, Arizona">Portal, Arizona</a>, among the <a href="/wiki/Chiricahua_Mountains" title="Chiricahua Mountains">Chiricahua Mountains</a>. The Southwestern Research Station was established in 1955, purchased with a grant from philanthropist <a href="/wiki/David_Rockefeller" title="David Rockefeller">David Rockefeller</a>, and with entomologist Mont Cazier as its first director.<a href="#cite_note-314">[313]</a> The station, in a "<a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_hotspot" title="Biodiversity hotspot">biodiversity hotspot</a>", is used by researchers and students, and offers occasional seminars to the public.<a href="#cite_note-315">[314]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Educational_outreach">Educational outreach</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Educational outreach">edit</a>]</div> AMNH's education programs include outreach to schools in New York City by the <a href="/wiki/Mobile_museums_(in_RVs)#Moveable_Museum_(AMNH)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile museums (in RVs)">Moveable Museum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-316">[315]</a> The AMNH offers a wide variety of educational programs, camps, and classes for students from pre-K to post-graduate levels. The AMNH sponsors the Lang Science Program, a comprehensive 5th–12th grade research and science education program, and the Science Research Mentorship Program (SRMP), in which pairs of students conduct a full year of intensive original research with an AMNH scientist.<a href="#cite_note-317">[316]</a> As of 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit">[update]</a>, about 400,000 schoolchildren annually take field trips to the AMNH.<a href="#cite_note-Jorgensen_2023_d432-318">[317]</a> Although most students visit for a day or less, since late 2023 the museum has also provided a weeklong educational program called Beyond Elementary Explorations in Science.<a href="#cite_note-Jorgensen_2023_d432-318">[317]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Richard_Gilder_Graduate_School">Richard Gilder Graduate School</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: Richard Gilder Graduate School">edit</a>]</div> On October 23, 2006, the museum launched the Richard Gilder Graduate School, becoming the first American museum in the United States to award doctoral degrees in its own name.<a href="#cite_note-Switek-319">[318]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-2006-10-24-320">[319]</a> The school is named for businessman <a href="/wiki/Richard_Gilder" title="Richard Gilder">Richard Gilder</a>, who contributed $50 million toward the school.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-2006-10-24-320">[319]</a><a href="#cite_note-Philanthropy_News_Digest_(PND)_2023_n390-321">[320]</a> Accredited in 2009,<a href="#cite_note-322">[321]</a> the school had 11 students enrolled in 2011, who work closely with curators and have access to the collections.<a href="#cite_note-323">[322]</a> The first seven graduates were awarded their degrees in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-324">[323]</a> The AMNH offers a Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT) in Earth Science<a href="#cite_note-325">[324]</a> and a PhD in <a href="/wiki/Comparative_Biology" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparative Biology">Comparative Biology</a>.<a href="#cite_note-326">[325]</a><a href="#cite_note-327">[326]</a> The MAT Earth Science Residency program was launched in 2012 to address a critical shortage of qualified science teachers in New York state.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-2012-01-16-328">[327]</a> In 2015, the MAT program officially joined the Richard Gilder Graduate School, with the NYS Board of Regents authorizing the Gilder School to grant the MAT degree.<a href="#cite_note-Numbers_2021_a900-329">[328]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: Notable people">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidents">Presidents</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: Presidents">edit</a>]</div> The museum's first three presidents were all cofounders.<a href="#cite_note-Osborn_p._10-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Davey_p._24-17">[17]</a> John David Wolfe served from 1869 until his death in 1872;<a href="#cite_note-Osborn_p._21-330">[329]</a> he was followed by Robert L. Stuart, who resigned in 1881.<a href="#cite_note-Osborn_p._26-331">[330]</a><a href="#cite_note-Davey_p._44-332">[331]</a> The third president, <a href="/wiki/Morris_Ketchum_Jesup" title="Morris Ketchum Jesup">Morris K. Jesup</a>, was president for over 25 years, serving until his death in 1908.<a href="#cite_note-Davey_p._78-333">[332]</a> Upon his death, Jesup bequeathed $1 million to the museum.<a href="#cite_note-334">[333]</a> The fourth president, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fairfield_Osborn" title="Henry Fairfield Osborn">Henry Fairfield Osborn</a>, appointed on the death of Jesup, consolidated the museum's expansion and developed it further.<a href="#cite_note-Davey_p._78-333">[332]</a> Under Osborn, the museum embraced a growing <a href="/wiki/Eugenics_in_the_United_States" title="Eugenics in the United States">eugenics</a> movement.<a href="#cite_note-335">[334]</a> Osborn's friend, noted eugenicist <a href="/wiki/Madison_Grant" title="Madison Grant">Madison Grant</a>, a member of the museum's executive committee, was the author of the 1916 book, <a href="/wiki/The_Passing_of_the_Great_Race" title="The Passing of the Great Race">The Passing of the Great Race</a>. He also was a funder and shaper of the 1921 <a href="/wiki/Second_International_Congress_of_Eugenics" class="mw-redirect" title="Second International Congress of Eugenics">Second International Congress of Eugenics</a>, held at the museum.<a href="#cite_note-336">[335]</a> Davenport presided also the 1932 Third <a href="/wiki/International_Eugenics_Conference" title="International Eugenics Conference">International Eugenics Congress</a>.<a href="#cite_note-337">[336]</a> After Osborn resigned in 1933, <a href="/wiki/F._Trubee_Davison" title="F. Trubee Davison">F. Trubee Davison</a> became the AMNH's fifth president.<a href="#cite_note-Davey_p._87-338">[337]</a><a href="#cite_note-339">[338]</a> Davison stepped down in 1951, and Alexander M. White was elected as the museum's president.<a href="#cite_note-340">[339]</a> Gardner D. Stout then served as president from 1968 to 1975, when <a href="/wiki/Robert_Guestier_Goelet" title="Robert Guestier Goelet">Robert Guestier Goelet</a> was elected in his place.<a href="#cite_note-341">[340]</a> Goelet served until 1987, when he was placed on the board of trustees. He was succeeded by George D. Langdon Jr., the first president in the museum's history to receive a salary; all previous presidents had served without pay.<a href="#cite_note-342">[341]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ellen_V._Futter" title="Ellen V. Futter">Ellen V. Futter</a> became the museum's first female president in 1993.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1993-12-02-343">[342]</a><a href="#cite_note-344">[343]</a> Futter announced in June 2022 that she planned to step down when the Gilder Center opened in March 2023.<a href="#cite_note-345">[344]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sean_M._Decatur" title="Sean M. Decatur">Sean M. Decatur</a> was named as Futter's successor in December 2022 and became the first <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African American</a> president of the museum on April 3, 2023.<a href="#cite_note-NYT:_AMNH_Names_New_Chief-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-346">[345]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_associated_names">Other associated names</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section: Other associated names">edit</a>]</div> Famous names associated with the museum include the dinosaur-hunter of the <a href="/wiki/Gobi_Desert" title="Gobi Desert">Gobi Desert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roy_Chapman_Andrews" title="Roy Chapman Andrews">Roy Chapman Andrews</a> (one of the inspirations for <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_(character)" title="Indiana Jones (character)">Indiana Jones</a>);<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPreston198697–98-347">[346]</a> photographers <a href="/wiki/Yvette_Borup_Andrews" title="Yvette Borup Andrews">Yvette Borup Andrews</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Gaylord_Simpson" title="George Gaylord Simpson">George Gaylord Simpson</a>; biologists <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Mayr" title="Ernst Mayr">Ernst Mayr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Jay_Gould" title="Stephen Jay Gould">Stephen Jay Gould</a>; pioneer cultural anthropologists <a href="/wiki/Franz_Boas" title="Franz Boas">Franz Boas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mead" title="Margaret Mead">Margaret Mead</a>; explorer and geographer <a href="/wiki/Alexander_H._Rice_Jr." title="Alexander H. Rice Jr.">Alexander H. Rice Jr.</a>; and ornithologist <a href="/wiki/Robert_Cushman_Murphy" title="Robert Cushman Murphy">Robert Cushman Murphy</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Surroundings">Surroundings</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=65" title="Edit section: Surroundings">edit</a>]</div> The museum is at 79th Street and Central Park West. There is a direct entrance into the museum from the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a>'s <a href="/wiki/81st_Street%E2%80%93Museum_of_Natural_History_station" title="81st Street–Museum of Natural History station">81st Street–Museum of Natural History</a> station, served by the <a href="/wiki/B_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="B (New York City Subway service)">B</a> and <a href="/wiki/C_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="C (New York City Subway service)">C</a> trains.<a href="#cite_note-348">[347]</a> On a pedestal outside the museum's <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Avenue_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbus Avenue (Manhattan)">Columbus Avenue</a> entrance is a stainless steel <a href="/wiki/Time_capsule" title="Time capsule">time capsule</a>, which was created after a design competition that was won by <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Calatrava" title="Santiago Calatrava">Santiago Calatrava</a>. The capsule was sealed at the beginning of 2000, to mark the beginning of the 3rd millennium. It takes the form of a folded saddle-shaped volume, symmetrical on multiple axes, that explores formal properties of folded spherical frames. Calatrava described it as "a flower". The capsule is to be opened in the year 3000.<a href="#cite_note-349">[348]</a> The museum is in a 17-acre (69,000 m2) city park known as Theodore Roosevelt Park that extends from Central Park West to Columbus Avenue, and from West 77th to 81st Streets and that contains park benches, gardens and lawns, and also a <a href="/wiki/Dog_run" class="mw-redirect" title="Dog run">dog run</a>.<a href="#cite_note-350">[349]</a> On the west side of the park, between 80th and 81st Streets near Columbus Avenue, is the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Monument" title="Nobel Monument">Nobel Monument</a> honoring <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> winners from the United States.<a href="#cite_note-Bogart_2006_p._227-351">[350]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nobel_Monument_:_NYC_Parks_2003_u094-352">[351]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commentary">Commentary</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=66" title="Edit section: Commentary">edit</a>]</div> In 2019, <a href="/wiki/Hamid_Dabashi" title="Hamid Dabashi">Hamid Dabashi</a>, the Hagop Kevorkian Professor of Iranian Studies and Comparative Literature at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>, wrote an opinion piece in Al Jazeera criticizing a <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_Statue_of_Theodore_Roosevelt_(New_York_City)" title="Equestrian Statue of Theodore Roosevelt (New York City)">bronze statue of Theodore Roosevelt</a>, depicting him on horseback above a nameless Native American and African American individual. Having visited the museum, Dabashi reflected on the juxtaposition of scientific progress and what he sees as the persistent legacy of racism in the United States. The statue of <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> is seen by Dabashi as a symbol of racial hierarchy and the ongoing struggle to reconcile the nation's past with its present. <a href="#cite_note-353">[352]</a> The statue would later be removed in 2022, as a consequence of discussions about racism aroused by the 2020 protests surrounding the killing of George Floyd.<a href="#cite_note-354">[353]</a> A 2020 article by <a href="/wiki/University_of_New_Hampshire" title="University of New Hampshire">University of New Hampshire</a> historian Julia Rodriguez contrasts the approaches respectively taken by the AMNH and the <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27Homme" title="Musée de l'Homme">Musée de l'Homme</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, in terms of their human and cultural exhibits. While Rodriguez criticizes the AMNH's exhibits for their failure to acknowledge colonial histories, the Musée de l'Homme has made strides in decolonizing its displays. Rodriguez also posits that notably absent from such museums are exhibits dedicated to Northern European or New England cultures, suggesting a biased focus on "othering" non-Western societies while normalizing Western cultural norms.<a href="#cite_note-355">[354]</a> In a June 2024 essay published in Indian online paper <a href="/wiki/ThePrint" title="ThePrint">ThePrint</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> history professor <a href="/wiki/Priya_Satia" title="Priya Satia">Priya Satia</a> argues that the museum's Hall of Asian Peoples is problematic because it portrays Asian cultures as static and frozen in time.<a href="#cite_note-:12-356">[355]</a> Satia believes various misrepresentations can lead to misunderstandings and perpetuate harmful biases against Asian and Middle Eastern people. In the same essay, Satia also delves into parts of the museum's own history, such as its 1921 hosting of the <a href="/wiki/International_Eugenics_Conference" title="International Eugenics Conference">Second International Eugenics Congress</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:12-356">[355]</a> Her essay was criticized by Samuel Abrams, who serves as a Nonresident Senior Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/American_Enterprise_Institute" title="American Enterprise Institute">American Enterprise Institute</a>, as a researcher at NYU, and as a Professor of Politics at <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Lawrence_College" title="Sarah Lawrence College">Sarah Lawrence College</a>.<a href="#cite_note-357">[356]</a> Abrams states that "Critiquing an outdated museum is fine, but nothing about Satia’s thread was constructive or helpful."<a href="#cite_note-358">[357]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=67" title="Edit section: In popular culture">edit</a>]</div> The museum is featured in many works of art and popular culture, including: <ul><li>A large portion of the 2017 film <a href="/wiki/Wonderstruck_(film)" title="Wonderstruck (film)">Wonderstruck</a> takes place in the museum, showing the museum in 1927 as well as 1977.<a href="#cite_note-LA_Times_2017-12-14-359">[358]</a></li> <li>The museum in the film <a href="/wiki/Night_at_the_Museum" title="Night at the Museum">Night at the Museum</a> (2006) is based on a 1993 book that was set at the AMNH (<a href="/wiki/The_Night_at_the_Museum" title="The Night at the Museum">The Night at the Museum</a>). The interior scenes were shot at a <a href="/wiki/Sound_stage" title="Sound stage">sound stage</a> in Vancouver, <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>, but exterior shots of the museum's <a href="/wiki/Facade" class="mw-redirect" title="Facade">facade</a> were done at the actual AMNH. AMNH officials have credited the movie with increasing the number of visitors during the holiday season in 2006 by almost 20 percent.<a href="#cite_note-360">[359]</a> Its sequels, <a href="/wiki/Night_at_the_Museum:_Battle_of_the_Smithsonian" title="Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian">Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian</a> (2009) and <a href="/wiki/Night_at_the_Museum:_Secret_of_the_Tomb" title="Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb">Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb</a> (2014), were also partially set in this museum.</li> <li>The main characters of the 2023 graphic novel <a href="/wiki/Roaming_(graphic_novel)" title="Roaming (graphic novel)">Roaming</a> visit the AMNH.</li> <li>The museum was the setting for the 1970 novel <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Dinosaur_Robbery" title="The Great Dinosaur Robbery">The Great Dinosaur Robbery</a> by <a href="/wiki/David_Forrest_(pseudonym)" title="David Forrest (pseudonym)">David Forrest</a>, but was not featured in the film adaptation <a href="/wiki/One_of_Our_Dinosaurs_Is_Missing" title="One of Our Dinosaurs Is Missing">One of Our Dinosaurs Is Missing</a>, which was set in the <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_London" title="Natural History Museum, London">Natural History Museum</a> in London, England.</li> <li>As the "New York Museum of Natural History", the museum is a favorite setting in many <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Preston" title="Douglas Preston">Douglas Preston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Child" title="Lincoln Child">Lincoln Child</a> novels, including <a href="/wiki/Relic_(Preston_and_Child_novel)" title="Relic (Preston and Child novel)">Relic</a> (1995), <a href="/wiki/Reliquary_(novel)" title="Reliquary (novel)">Reliquary</a> (1997), <a href="/wiki/The_Cabinet_of_Curiosities" title="The Cabinet of Curiosities">The Cabinet of Curiosities</a> (2002), and <a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_the_Dead_(novel)" title="The Book of the Dead (novel)">The Book of the Dead</a> (2007). FBI Special Agent <a href="/wiki/Aloysius_Pendergast" title="Aloysius Pendergast">Aloysius X. L. Pendergast</a> plays a major role in all of these thrillers. Preston was manager of publications at the museum before embarking upon his fiction writing career.</li> <li>The museum has appeared repeatedly in the fiction of <a href="/wiki/Dark_fantasy" title="Dark fantasy">dark fantasy</a> author <a href="/wiki/Caitl%C3%ADn_R._Kiernan" title="Caitlín R. Kiernan">Caitlín R. Kiernan</a>, including appearances in her fifth novel Daughter of Hounds, her work on the DC/Vertigo comic book <a href="/wiki/The_Dreaming_(comics)" title="The Dreaming (comics)">The Dreaming</a> (#47, "Trinket"), and many of her short stories, including "Valentia" and "Onion" (both collected in <a href="/wiki/To_Charles_Fort,_with_Love" title="To Charles Fort, with Love">To Charles Fort, With Love</a>, 2005).</li> <li>The 2005 film <a href="/wiki/The_Squid_and_the_Whale" title="The Squid and the Whale">The Squid and the Whale</a> takes its name from the diorama of the giant squid and the sperm whale in the museum's Hall of Ocean Life. The diorama is shown in the film's final scene.</li> <li>The plot of the 1993 film <a href="/wiki/We%27re_Back!_A_Dinosaur%27s_Story_(film)" title="We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story (film)">We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story</a> revolves around the museum, with all four dinosaurs finally reaching the AMNH at the end.</li> <li>In the 1955 Czechoslovak film, <a href="/wiki/Journey_to_the_Beginning_of_Time" title="Journey to the Beginning of Time">Journey to the Beginning of Time</a>, (Czech: Cesta do pravěku, literally "Journey into prehistory") the four boys end their journey on a bench inside the AMNH's 77th St. entrance, beneath the exhibit of the long-boat, in which they'd had their adventure. While the story could be dismissed as a dream, one boy's journal has somehow suffered all the wear-and-tear of their journey through prehistoric eras. A dubbed and partly re-filmed US version of the film was released in 1966 under the title Journey to the Beginning of Time.</li> <li>The 1914 animated film <a href="/wiki/Gertie_the_Dinosaur" title="Gertie the Dinosaur">Gertie the Dinosaur</a> was set in the Museum.</li> <li>In the NBC sitcom <a href="/wiki/Friends" title="Friends">Friends</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ross_Geller" title="Ross Geller">Ross</a> works in the museum from 1994 until he is fired in 1999. In the 1996 episode "<a href="/wiki/The_One_Where_Ross_and_Rachel...You_Know" class="mw-redirect" title="The One Where Ross and Rachel...You Know">The One Where Ross and Rachel...You Know</a>", Ross and <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Green" title="Rachel Green">Rachel</a> have sex in one of the exhibits, stunning a group of schoolchildren when they wake up the following morning.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=68" title="Edit section: Gallery">edit</a>]</div> <div align="center"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bengal~Tiger(Panthera_tigris_tigris)_2~11-29-08.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Bengal tiger at the American Museum of Natural History"><img alt="Bengal tiger at the American Museum of Natural History" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Bengal~Tiger%28Panthera_tigris_tigris%29_2~11-29-08.JPG/300px-Bengal~Tiger%28Panthera_tigris_tigris%29_2~11-29-08.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Bengal~Tiger%28Panthera_tigris_tigris%29_2~11-29-08.JPG/451px-Bengal~Tiger%28Panthera_tigris_tigris%29_2~11-29-08.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Bengal~Tiger%28Panthera_tigris_tigris%29_2~11-29-08.JPG/600px-Bengal~Tiger%28Panthera_tigris_tigris%29_2~11-29-08.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bengal tiger at the American Museum of Natural History</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Amnh_fg02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Diorama in Akeley Hall of African Mammals"><img alt="Diorama in Akeley Hall of African Mammals" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Amnh_fg02.jpg/301px-Amnh_fg02.jpg" decoding="async" width="201" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Amnh_fg02.jpg/452px-Amnh_fg02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Amnh_fg02.jpg/602px-Amnh_fg02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="772" data-file-height="577" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Diorama in Akeley Hall of African Mammals</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Amnh_fg04.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Diorama in Akeley Hall of African Mammals"><img alt="Diorama in Akeley Hall of African Mammals" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Amnh_fg04.jpg/300px-Amnh_fg04.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Amnh_fg04.jpg/451px-Amnh_fg04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Amnh_fg04.jpg/600px-Amnh_fg04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Diorama in Akeley Hall of African Mammals</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Amnh_fg05.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Diorama in Akeley Hall of African Mammals"><img alt="Diorama in Akeley Hall of African Mammals" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Amnh_fg05.jpg/300px-Amnh_fg05.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Amnh_fg05.jpg/451px-Amnh_fg05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Amnh_fg05.jpg/600px-Amnh_fg05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Diorama in Akeley Hall of African Mammals</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Day117anaturalhistoryi.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Butterfly Conservatory"><img alt="Butterfly Conservatory" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Day117anaturalhistoryi.JPG/300px-Day117anaturalhistoryi.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Day117anaturalhistoryi.JPG/451px-Day117anaturalhistoryi.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Day117anaturalhistoryi.JPG/600px-Day117anaturalhistoryi.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Butterfly Conservatory</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Amnh_fg07.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Display in Milstein Hall of Ocean Life"><img alt="Display in Milstein Hall of Ocean Life" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Amnh_fg07.jpg/300px-Amnh_fg07.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Amnh_fg07.jpg/451px-Amnh_fg07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Amnh_fg07.jpg/600px-Amnh_fg07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Display in Milstein Hall of Ocean Life</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Vajrapani.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tibetan Vajrapani statue"><img alt="Tibetan Vajrapani statue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Vajrapani.jpg/338px-Vajrapani.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Vajrapani.jpg/508px-Vajrapani.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Vajrapani.jpg/676px-Vajrapani.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibetan</a> <a href="/wiki/Vajrapani" title="Vajrapani">Vajrapani</a> statue</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 103.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 101.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Kala_Chakra.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tibetan Kalachakra statue"><img alt="Tibetan Kalachakra statue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Kala_Chakra.jpg/152px-Kala_Chakra.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Kala_Chakra.jpg/228px-Kala_Chakra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Kala_Chakra.jpg/304px-Kala_Chakra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="800" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibetan</a> <a href="/wiki/Kalachakra" title="Kalachakra">Kalachakra</a> statue</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 238.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 236.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Museum_of_Natural_History,_New_York_City.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The museum's south range, and some of the west façade, in the 1920s"><img alt="The museum's south range, and some of the west façade, in the 1920s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/American_Museum_of_Natural_History%2C_New_York_City.png/355px-American_Museum_of_Natural_History%2C_New_York_City.png" decoding="async" width="237" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/American_Museum_of_Natural_History%2C_New_York_City.png/533px-American_Museum_of_Natural_History%2C_New_York_City.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/American_Museum_of_Natural_History%2C_New_York_City.png/709px-American_Museum_of_Natural_History%2C_New_York_City.png 2x" data-file-width="1623" data-file-height="1030" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The museum's south range, and some of the west façade, in the 1920s</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Museum_of_Natural_History_in_Manhattan,_New_York_City,_United_States_of_America_(9860903214).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="American bison and pronghorn diorama (right)"><img alt="American bison and pronghorn diorama (right)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/American_Museum_of_Natural_History_in_Manhattan%2C_New_York_City%2C_United_States_of_America_%289860903214%29.jpg/300px-American_Museum_of_Natural_History_in_Manhattan%2C_New_York_City%2C_United_States_of_America_%289860903214%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/American_Museum_of_Natural_History_in_Manhattan%2C_New_York_City%2C_United_States_of_America_%289860903214%29.jpg/451px-American_Museum_of_Natural_History_in_Manhattan%2C_New_York_City%2C_United_States_of_America_%289860903214%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/American_Museum_of_Natural_History_in_Manhattan%2C_New_York_City%2C_United_States_of_America_%289860903214%29.jpg/600px-American_Museum_of_Natural_History_in_Manhattan%2C_New_York_City%2C_United_States_of_America_%289860903214%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/American_bison" title="American bison">American bison</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pronghorn" title="Pronghorn">pronghorn</a> diorama (right)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 228px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 226px;"><a href="/wiki/File:AMNH_at_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Night view of the museum, looking northwest from across Central Park West"><img alt="Night view of the museum, looking northwest from across Central Park West" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/AMNH_at_night.jpg/339px-AMNH_at_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/AMNH_at_night.jpg/509px-AMNH_at_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/AMNH_at_night.jpg/677px-AMNH_at_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1361" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Night view of the museum, looking northwest from across <a href="/wiki/Central_Park_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Park West">Central Park West</a></div> </li> </ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=69" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_and_cultural_institutions_in_New_York_City" title="List of museums and cultural institutions in New York City">List of museums and cultural institutions in New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-visited_museums_in_the_United_States" title="List of most-visited museums in the United States">List of most-visited museums in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_Designated_Landmarks_in_Manhattan_from_59th_to_110th_Streets" title="List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan from 59th to 110th Streets">List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan from 59th to 110th Streets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Manhattan_from_59th_to_110th_Streets" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan from 59th to 110th Streets">National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan from 59th to 110th Streets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_New_York_City" title="Education in New York City">Education in New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mead_Film_Festival" title="Margaret Mead Film Festival">Margaret Mead Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Astori" title="Constantin Astori">Constantin Astori</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=70" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=71" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> The founders included Theodore Roosevelt Sr., John David Wolfe, <a href="/wiki/William_Tilden_Blodgett" title="William Tilden Blodgett">William T. Blodgett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Stuart" title="Robert L. Stuart">Robert L. Stuart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Haswell_Green" title="Andrew Haswell Green">Andrew H. Green</a>, Robert Colgate, <a href="/wiki/Morris_Ketchum_Jesup" title="Morris Ketchum Jesup">Morris K. Jesup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Hazard_Field" title="Benjamin Hazard Field">Benjamin H. Field</a>, D. Jackson Steward, <a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Blatchford_(attorney)" title="Richard M. Blatchford (attorney)">Richard M. Blatchford</a>, <a href="/wiki/J._P._Morgan" title="J. P. Morgan">J. P. Morgan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adrian_G_Iselin" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrian G Iselin">Adrian Iselin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moses_H._Grinnell" title="Moses H. Grinnell">Moses H. Grinnell</a>, Benjamin B. Sherman, <a href="/wiki/Anson_Dodge" title="Anson Dodge">A. G. Phelps Dodge</a>, William A. Haines, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Anderson_Dana" title="Charles Anderson Dana">Charles A. Dana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hodges_Choate" title="Joseph Hodges Choate">Joseph H. Choate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_G._Stebbins" title="Henry G. Stebbins">Henry G. Stebbins</a>, Henry Parish, and <a href="/wiki/Howard_Potter" title="Howard Potter">Howard Potter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Osborn_p._10-16">[16]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=72" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-dedication-1"><a href="#cite_ref-dedication_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amnh.org/about-us/history/history-1869-1900">"History 1869–1900"</a>. AMNH. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160124063347/http://www.amnh.org/about-us/history/history-1869-1900">Archived</a> from the original on January 24, 2016. Retrieved August 28, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AMNH&rft.atitle=History+1869%E2%80%931900&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnh.org%2Fabout-us%2Fhistory%2Fhistory-1869-1900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aecom.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Theme-Index-2018-4.pdf">"TEA-AECOM 2018 Theme Index and Museum Index: The Global Attractions Attendance Report"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Themed_Entertainment_Association" title="Themed Entertainment Association">Themed Entertainment Association</a>. pp. 62–77. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201212224414/https://www.aecom.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Theme-Index-2018-4.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on December 12, 2020. Retrieved February 10, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TEA-AECOM+2018+Theme+Index+and+Museum+Index%3A+The+Global+Attractions+Attendance+Report&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E62-%3C%2Fspan%3E77&rft.pub=Themed+Entertainment+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aecom.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F05%2FTheme-Index-2018-4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT:_AMNH_Names_New_Chief-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT:_AMNH_Names_New_Chief_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT:_AMNH_Names_New_Chief_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPogrebin2022" class="citation web cs1">Pogrebin, Robin (December 6, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/06/arts/design/natural-history-museum-sean-decatur.html">"Natural History Museum Names College Leader as New Chief"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221207224847/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/06/arts/design/natural-history-museum-sean-decatur.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2022. Retrieved December 7, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Natural+History+Museum+Names+College+Leader+as+New+Chief&rft.date=2022-12-06&rft.aulast=Pogrebin&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F12%2F06%2Farts%2Fdesign%2Fnatural-history-museum-sean-decatur.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-focus-4"><a href="#cite_ref-focus_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov">"NPS Focus"</a>. National Register of Historic Places. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080725123211/http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2008. Retrieved November 18, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places&rft.atitle=NPS+Focus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnrhp.focus.nps.gov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-American_Museum_of_Natural_History-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-American_Museum_of_Natural_History_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-American_Museum_of_Natural_History_5-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.charitynavigator.org/ein/136162659">"American Museum of Natural History"</a>. Charity Navigator. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220204224313/https://www.charitynavigator.org/ein/136162659">Archived</a> from the original on February 4, 2022. Retrieved March 25, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Charity+Navigator&rft.atitle=American+Museum+of+Natural+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.charitynavigator.org%2Fein%2F136162659&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AMNH_Dioramas-6"><a href="#cite_ref-AMNH_Dioramas_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191029112620/https://www.amnh.org/shelf-life/discoveries-in-dioramas">"Dioramas at the Museum: Millions of Specimens in Context"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnh.org/shelf-life/discoveries-in-dioramas">the original</a> on October 29, 2019. 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Retrieved September 20, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Museum+of+Natural+History.%3A+Meeting+of+the+Trustees--the+Sunday+Question+Still+Open&rft.date=1881-05-10&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1881%2F05%2F10%2Farchives%2Fmuseum-of-natural-history-meeting-of-the-trusteesthe-sunday.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-p572968872-35"><a href="#cite_ref-p572968872_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"An Aid to Science: the Museum of Natural History the Grounds Surrounding the Structure--plans for Making the Institute a Centre of Investigation and Original Research--additions to the Collection--a Course of Lectures What the Museum Contains the Museum as a Center of Investigation Means for Popular Instruction a New Department". New-York Tribune. August 1, 1881. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1941-0646">1941-0646</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/572968872">572968872</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New-York+Tribune&rft.atitle=An+Aid+to+Science%3A+the+Museum+of+Natural+History+the+Grounds+Surrounding+the+Structure--plans+for+Making+the+Institute+a+Centre+of+Investigation+and+Original+Research--additions+to+the+Collection--a+Course+of+Lectures+What+the+Museum+Contains+the+Museum+as+a+Center+of+Investigation+Means+for+Popular+Instruction+a+New+Department&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1881-08-01&rft.issn=1941-0646&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-1882-08-11-36"><a href="#cite_ref-nyt-1882-08-11_36-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1882/08/11/archives/the-museum-of-natural-history-evident-necessity-for-more.html">"The Museum of Natural History; Evident Necessity for More Room--beautifying the Surroundings"</a>. The New York Times. August 11, 1882. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved September 20, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Museum+of+Natural+History%3B+Evident+Necessity+for+More+Room--beautifying+the+Surroundings.&rft.date=1882-08-11&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1882%2F08%2F11%2Farchives%2Fthe-museum-of-natural-history-evident-necessity-for-more.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-p573029686-37"><a href="#cite_ref-p573029686_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Home News: Prominent Arrivals". 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Retrieved September 20, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Lecture+Course+for+Teachers.%3B+the+Necessity+for+More+Room+in+the+Museum+of+Natural+History.&rft.date=1882-09-30&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1882%2F09%2F30%2Farchives%2Fa-lecture-course-for-teachers-the-necessity-for-more-room-in-the.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-p94295081-40"><a href="#cite_ref-p94295081_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Museum of Natural History.: the Trustees Discussing the Question of Keeping It Open Sundays". The New York Times. May 12, 1885. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/94295081">94295081</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Museum+of+Natural+History.%3A+the+Trustees+Discussing+the+Question+of+Keeping+It+Open+Sundays.&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1885-05-12&rft.issn=0362-4331&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-1886-04-02-41"><a href="#cite_ref-nyt-1886-04-02_41-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1886/04/02/archives/the-sunday-museum-bill-passed-by-the-assembly-after-full-debate-the.html">"The Sunday Museum Bill: Passed by the Assembly After Full Debate. 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The New York Times. January 17, 1886. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved September 20, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Open+Museums+on+Sunday%3B+the+Movement+Being+Pushed+Vigorously+by+Workingmen.&rft.date=1886-01-17&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1886%2F01%2F17%2Farchives%2Fopen-museums-on-sunday-the-movement-being-pushed-vigorously-by.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-1886-12-29-44"><a href="#cite_ref-nyt-1886-12-29_44-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1886/12/29/archives/the-trustees-perplexed-they-would-like-to-have-that-extra-sum-but.html">"The Trustees Perplexed; They Would Like to Have That Extra Sum. 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Retrieved September 21, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Park+Improvements.%3B+Plans+Whose+Execution+Will+Cost+a+Million+Dollars.&rft.date=1887-02-19&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1887%2F02%2F19%2Farchives%2Fpark-improvements-plans-whose-execution-will-cost-a-million-dollars.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-1888-03-29-50"><a href="#cite_ref-nyt-1888-03-29_50-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1888/03/29/archives/the-new-museum-building-a-site-selectedmr-fuller-talks-about-the.html">"The New Museum Building.: a Site Selected--Mr. Fuller Talks About the Driveway"</a>. The New York Times. March 29, 1888. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved September 21, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+New+Museum+Building.%3A+a+Site+Selected--Mr.+Fuller+Talks+About+the+Driveway.&rft.date=1888-03-29&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1888%2F03%2F29%2Farchives%2Fthe-new-museum-building-a-site-selectedmr-fuller-talks-about-the.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-p573349669-51"><a href="#cite_ref-p573349669_51-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Natural History Museum Plans: the Park Board Approves the Action of the Trustees in Choosing the Southern Site". New-York Tribune. 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September 5, 1888. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved September 21, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Enlarging+the+Museum.%3B+Many+Stored+Specimens+Awaiting+the+New+Building%27s+Completion.&rft.date=1888-09-05&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1888%2F09%2F05%2Farchives%2Fenlarging-the-museum-many-stored-specimens-awaiting-the-new.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-p573563984-55"><a href="#cite_ref-p573563984_55-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"The Repairs to Be Finished Soon: Improving and Enlarging the Museum of Natural History". The New York Times. September 25, 1890. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/573563984">573563984</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Repairs+to+Be+Finished+Soon%3A+Improving+and+Enlarging+the+Museum+of+Natural+History&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1890-09-25&rft.issn=0362-4331&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-American_Museum_of_Natural_History_1890_p._22-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-American_Museum_of_Natural_History_1890_p._22_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-American_Museum_of_Natural_History_1890_p._22_56-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Museum_of_Natural_History1890" class="citation book cs1">American Museum of Natural History (1890). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=52BDAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA22">Annual Report ... American Museum of Natural History</a>. American Museum of Natural History. p. 14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+...+American+Museum+of+Natural+History&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=American+Museum+of+Natural+History.&rft.date=1890&rft.au=American+Museum+of+Natural+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D52BDAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-p573719244-57"><a href="#cite_ref-p573719244_57-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Natural History Museum: Officers Propose to Open, It Sunday the New Addition Nearly Completed--what It Will Contain". New-York Tribune. February 14, 1892. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1941-0646">1941-0646</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/573719244">573719244</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New-York+Tribune&rft.atitle=Natural+History+Museum%3A+Officers+Propose+to+Open%2C+It+Sunday+the+New+Addition+Nearly+Completed--what+It+Will+Contain&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1892-02-14&rft.issn=1941-0646&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-p573700422-58"><a href="#cite_ref-p573700422_58-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Wore of the Board of Estimate: Entrance Fete to the Natural History Museum to Be Abolished". 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July 29, 1892. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1941-0646">1941-0646</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/573700422">573700422</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New-York+Tribune&rft.atitle=Wore+of+the+Board+of+Estimate%3A+Entrance+Fete+to+the+Natural+History+Museum+to+Be+Abolished&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1892-07-29&rft.issn=1941-0646&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-1892-07-26-59"><a href="#cite_ref-nyt-1892-07-26_59-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1892/07/26/archives/to-be-free-every-day-the-museum-of-natural-history-will-abolish-pay.html">"To Be Free Every Day.; the Museum of Natural History Will Abolish Pay Days"</a>. The New York Times. July 26, 1892. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved September 20, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=To+Be+Free+Every+Day.%3B+the+Museum+of+Natural+History+Will+Abolish+Pay+Days.&rft.date=1892-07-26&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1892%2F07%2F26%2Farchives%2Fto-be-free-every-day-the-museum-of-natural-history-will-abolish-pay.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-p1016048750-60"><a href="#cite_ref-p1016048750_60-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"A Great Success: First Sunday Opening of the Natural History Museum". The New York Times. August 8, 1892. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1016048750">1016048750</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Great+Success%3A+First+Sunday+Opening+of+the+Natural+History+Museum&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1892-08-08&rft.issn=0362-4331&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-p573738176-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p573738176_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-p573738176_61-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"The Museum of Natural History: Formal Opening of the New Wing--a Fine Building With Perfect Fittings". 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Retrieved September 20, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+and+About+the+City%3B+Museum+of+Natural+History.+Formal+Opening+of+the+New+Wing+--+Thousands+of+Visitors&rft.date=1892-11-03&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1892%2F11%2F03%2Farchives%2Fin-and-about-the-city-museum-of-natural-history-formal-opening-of.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-p573844372-63"><a href="#cite_ref-p573844372_63-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Are the Park Board's Plans Bad: Protesting Against the Adopted Design of the Wing of the Natural History Museum President Dana and the Museum". New-York Tribune. January 20, 1893. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1941-0646">1941-0646</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/573844372">573844372</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New-York+Tribune&rft.atitle=Are+the+Park+Board%27s+Plans+Bad%3A+Protesting+Against+the+Adopted+Design+of+the+Wing+of+the+Natural+History+Museum+President+Dana+and+the+Museum&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1893-01-20&rft.issn=1941-0646&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-1893-01-20-64"><a href="#cite_ref-nyt-1893-01-20_64-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1893/01/20/archives/in-spite-of-opposition-natural-history-museum-to-be-built-on-mr.html">"In Spite of Opposition.; Natural History Museum to Be Built on Mr. Cady's Plans"</a>. The New York Times. January 20, 1893. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved September 20, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+Spite+of+Opposition.%3B+Natural+History+Museum+to+Be+Built+on+Mr.+Cady%27s+Plans.&rft.date=1893-01-20&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1893%2F01%2F20%2Farchives%2Fin-spite-of-opposition-natural-history-museum-to-be-built-on-mr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-1893-05-05-65"><a href="#cite_ref-nyt-1893-05-05_65-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1893/05/05/archives/no-lecture-hall-to-be-built-but-the-natural-history-museum-will-be.html">"No Lecture Hall to Be Built; But the Natural History Museum Will Be Enlarged -- Money for the Health Board"</a>. The New York Times. May 5, 1893. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved September 20, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=No+Lecture+Hall+to+Be+Built%3B+But+the+Natural+History+Museum+Will+Be+Enlarged+--+Money+for+the+Health+Board.&rft.date=1893-05-05&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1893%2F05%2F05%2Farchives%2Fno-lecture-hall-to-be-built-but-the-natural-history-museum-will-be.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-p573798149-66"><a href="#cite_ref-p573798149_66-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Busy Day for the Park Board: Many Subjects Considered--the Natural History Museum Wing". New-York Tribune. May 11, 1893. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1941-0646">1941-0646</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/573798149">573798149</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New-York+Tribune&rft.atitle=Busy+Day+for+the+Park+Board%3A+Many+Subjects+Considered--the+Natural+History+Museum+Wing&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1893-05-11&rft.issn=1941-0646&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-p573927961-67"><a href="#cite_ref-p573927961_67-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"To Furnish the Museum of Natural History: Contracts Awarded to John P. 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June 28, 1894. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1941-0646">1941-0646</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/573927961">573927961</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New-York+Tribune&rft.atitle=To+Furnish+the+Museum+of+Natural+History%3A+Contracts+Awarded+to+John+P.+Smith+for+%24184%2C750--trouble+Over+the+Work+on+the+Art+Museum&rft.pages=11&rft.date=1894-06-28&rft.issn=1941-0646&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-p574009754-68"><a href="#cite_ref-p574009754_68-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"More Room Needed for Specimens: Two Bills Before the Legislature in Aid of the American Museum of Natural History". 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February 14, 1895. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1941-0646">1941-0646</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/574009754">574009754</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New-York+Tribune&rft.atitle=More+Room+Needed+for+Specimens%3A+Two+Bills+Before+the+Legislature+in+Aid+of+the+American+Museum+of+Natural+History&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1895-02-14&rft.issn=1941-0646&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-1895-02-14-69"><a href="#cite_ref-nyt-1895-02-14_69-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1895/02/14/archives/the-free-pass-question-a-bill-to-compel-railroads-to-extend.html">"The Free Pass Question; A Bill to Compel Railroads to Extend Courtesies"</a>. The New York Times. February 14, 1895. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved September 21, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Free+Pass+Question%3B+A+Bill+to+Compel+Railroads+to+Extend+Courtesies.&rft.date=1895-02-14&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1895%2F02%2F14%2Farchives%2Fthe-free-pass-question-a-bill-to-compel-railroads-to-extend.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-p574077149-70"><a href="#cite_ref-p574077149_70-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Filling the East Wing: Busy Times at the American Museum of Natural History". New-York Tribune. August 24, 1895. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1941-0646">1941-0646</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/574077149">574077149</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New-York+Tribune&rft.atitle=Filling+the+East+Wing%3A+Busy+Times+at+the+American+Museum+of+Natural+History&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1895-08-24&rft.issn=1941-0646&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-p574123861-71"><a href="#cite_ref-p574123861_71-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"A Great Variety of Woods: Samples of American Trees in the Museum of N". 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December 8, 1895. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1941-0646">1941-0646</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/574123861">574123861</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New-York+Tribune&rft.atitle=A+Great+Variety+of+Woods%3A+Samples+of+American+Trees+in+the+Museum+of+N&rft.pages=31&rft.date=1895-12-08&rft.issn=1941-0646&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-p574189462-72"><a href="#cite_ref-p574189462_72-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Growing as the City Grows: the Natural History Museum's Good Year Increase in Its Endowment Fund and Its Collections--Morris K. 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May 3, 1896. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1941-0646">1941-0646</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/574189462">574189462</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New-York+Tribune&rft.atitle=Growing+as+the+City+Grows%3A+the+Natural+History+Museum%27s+Good+Year+Increase+in+Its+Endowment+Fund+and+Its+Collections--Morris+K.+Jesup%27s+Report&rft.pages=24&rft.date=1896-05-03&rft.issn=1941-0646&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-p1016137716-73"><a href="#cite_ref-p1016137716_73-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"A New Hall of Mammals: Specimens Added to the Museum of Natural History". 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The New York Times. August 24, 1897. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved September 21, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Meeting+of+the+Park+Board%3B+Bids+Opened+for+the+New+Wing+of+the+Natural+History+Museum.&rft.date=1897-08-24&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1897%2F08%2F24%2Farchives%2Fmeeting-of-the-park-board-bids-opened-for-the-new-wing-of-the.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-p574459388-78"><a href="#cite_ref-p574459388_78-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"The Natural History Museum Wing". 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February 7, 1924. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220603223436/https://www.nytimes.com/1924/02/07/archives/roosevelt-board-at-odds-over-site-memorial-commission-divided.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2022. Retrieved May 31, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Roosevelt+Board+at+Odds+Over+Site%3B+Memorial+Commission%2C+Divided+Between+Albany+and+New+York%2C+Leaves+Question+to+Legislature.&rft.date=1924-02-07&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1924%2F02%2F07%2Farchives%2Froosevelt-board-at-odds-over-site-memorial-commission-divided.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1924/03/25/archives/city-offers-a-site-for-roosevelt-hall-votes-to-give-land-in-square.html">"City Offers a Site for Roosevelt Hall; Votes to Give Land in Square Occupied by Museum of Natural History"</a>. The New York Times. March 25, 1924. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220603223419/https://www.nytimes.com/1924/03/25/archives/city-offers-a-site-for-roosevelt-hall-votes-to-give-land-in-square.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2022. Retrieved May 31, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=City+Offers+a+Site+for+Roosevelt+Hall%3B+Votes+to+Give+Land+in+Square+Occupied+by+Museum+of+Natural+History.&rft.date=1924-03-25&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1924%2F03%2F25%2Farchives%2Fcity-offers-a-site-for-roosevelt-hall-votes-to-give-land-in-square.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1925/06/04/archives/jr-pope-to-design-roosevelt-tribute-trustees-select-new-york.html">"J.R. Pope to Design Roosevelt Tribute; Trustees Select New York Architect in Contest for State Memorial"</a>. The New York Times. June 4, 1925. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220603223415/https://www.nytimes.com/1925/06/04/archives/jr-pope-to-design-roosevelt-tribute-trustees-select-new-york.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2022. Retrieved May 31, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=J.R.+Pope+to+Design+Roosevelt+Tribute%3B+Trustees+Select+New+York+Architect+in+Contest+for+State+Memorial&rft.date=1925-06-04&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1925%2F06%2F04%2Farchives%2Fjr-pope-to-design-roosevelt-tribute-trustees-select-new-york.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-p1113191892-98"><a href="#cite_ref-p1113191892_98-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Pope to Build Museum Memorial to Roosevelt: Architect Chosen From Eight Who Submitted Plans". New York Herald Tribune. June 4, 1925. p. 15. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1113191892">1113191892</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Herald+Tribune&rft.atitle=Pope+to+Build+Museum+Memorial+to+Roosevelt%3A+Architect+Chosen+From+Eight+Who+Submitted+Plans&rft.pages=15&rft.date=1925-06-04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-1936-01-19-99">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt-1936-01-19_99-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt-1936-01-19_99-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt-1936-01-19_99-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt-1936-01-19_99-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt-1936-01-19_99-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt-1936-01-19_99-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt-1936-01-19_99-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt-1936-01-19_99-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt-1936-01-19_99-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt-1936-01-19_99-9">j</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1936/01/19/archives/president-honors-cousin-here-today-dedication-of-memorial-hall-to.html">"President Honors Cousin Here Today; Dedication of Memorial Hall to Theodore Roosevelt to Draw Many Members of Family"</a>. The New York Times. January 19, 1936. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180316092648/https://www.nytimes.com/1936/01/19/archives/president-honors-cousin-here-today-dedication-of-memorial-hall-to.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 16, 2018. Retrieved May 31, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=President+Honors+Cousin+Here+Today%3B+Dedication+of+Memorial+Hall+to+Theodore+Roosevelt+to+Draw+Many+Members+of+Family&rft.date=1936-01-19&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1936%2F01%2F19%2Farchives%2Fpresident-honors-cousin-here-today-dedication-of-memorial-hall-to.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1930/05/03/archives/plans-are-approved-for-roosevelt-shrine-memorial-group-says-3500000.html">"Plans Are Approved for Roosevelt Shrine; Memorial Group Says $3,500,000 Building at West 79th St. Will Be Ready in 1932"</a>. The New York Times. May 3, 1930. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220603223431/https://www.nytimes.com/1930/05/03/archives/plans-are-approved-for-roosevelt-shrine-memorial-group-says-3500000.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2022. Retrieved May 31, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Plans+Are+Approved+for+Roosevelt+Shrine%3B+Memorial+Group+Says+%243%2C500%2C000+Building+at+West+79th+St.+Will+Be+Ready+in+1932.&rft.date=1930-05-03&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1930%2F05%2F03%2Farchives%2Fplans-are-approved-for-roosevelt-shrine-memorial-group-says-3500000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1930/12/07/archives/bids-on-memorial-to-roosevelt-let-contract-of-1969380-for-general.html">"Bids on Memorial to Roosevelt Let; Contract of $1,969,380 for General Work Awarded on $3,500,000 Building"</a>. The New York Times. December 7, 1930. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220603223432/https://www.nytimes.com/1930/12/07/archives/bids-on-memorial-to-roosevelt-let-contract-of-1969380-for-general.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2022. Retrieved May 31, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Bids+on+Memorial+to+Roosevelt+Let%3B+Contract+of+%241%2C969%2C380+for+General+Work+Awarded+on+%243%2C500%2C000+Building&rft.date=1930-12-07&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1930%2F12%2F07%2Farchives%2Fbids-on-memorial-to-roosevelt-let-contract-of-1969380-for-general.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1936/01/20/archives/president-extols-tr-as-defender-of-social-justice-at-dedication-of.html">"President Extols 'T.R.' as Defender of Social Justice; At Dedication of Memorial, He Finds Lesson in His Cousin's Progressive Policies"</a>. The New York Times. January 20, 1936. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220603223433/https://www.nytimes.com/1936/01/20/archives/president-extols-tr-as-defender-of-social-justice-at-dedication-of.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2022. Retrieved May 31, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=President+Extols+%27T.R.%27+as+Defender+of+Social+Justice%3B+At+Dedication+of+Memorial%2C+He+Finds+Lesson+in+His+Cousin%27s+Progressive+Policies&rft.date=1936-01-20&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1936%2F01%2F20%2Farchives%2Fpresident-extols-tr-as-defender-of-social-justice-at-dedication-of.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-p1222212379-103"><a href="#cite_ref-p1222212379_103-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"'Square Deal' Tribute Paid By Roosevelt: President Dedicates New Wing at History Museum Hern as a Memorial to Theodore Roosevelt Says Predecessor Fought for Justice Lehman and LaGuardia Also Speak; Ceremonies Are Witnessed by 1,500". New York Herald Tribune. January 20, 1936. p. 1. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1222212379">1222212379</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Herald+Tribune&rft.atitle=%27Square+Deal%27+Tribute+Paid+By+Roosevelt%3A+President+Dedicates+New+Wing+at+History+Museum+Hern+as+a+Memorial+to+Theodore+Roosevelt+Says+Predecessor+Fought+for+Justice+Lehman+and+LaGuardia+Also+Speak%3B+Ceremonies+Are+Witnessed+by+1%2C500&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1936-01-20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-1994-06-19-104"><a href="#cite_ref-nyt-1994-06-19_104-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGray1994" class="citation news cs1">Gray, Christopher (June 19, 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/19/realestate/streetscapes-american-museum-natural-history-vaux-masterpiece-eroded-now-ignored.html">"Streetscapes/The American Museum of Natural History; A Vaux Masterpiece Eroded and, Now, Ignored"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved August 2, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Streetscapes%2FThe+American+Museum+of+Natural+History%3B+A+Vaux+Masterpiece+Eroded+and%2C+Now%2C+Ignored&rft.date=1994-06-19&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1994%2F06%2F19%2Frealestate%2Fstreetscapes-american-museum-natural-history-vaux-masterpiece-eroded-now-ignored.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AMNH_3A-105">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AMNH_3A_105-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AMNH_3A_105-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AMNH_3A_105-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnh.org/research/paleontology/collections/fossil-mammals/building-3a-project">"Building 3A Project"</a>. American Museum of Natural History. November 2, 2012. Retrieved June 13, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Museum+of+Natural+History&rft.atitle=Building+3A+Project&rft.date=2012-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnh.org%2Fresearch%2Fpaleontology%2Fcollections%2Ffossil-mammals%2Fbuilding-3a-project&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-1975-04-092-106">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt-1975-04-092_106-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt-1975-04-092_106-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSullivan1975" class="citation news cs1">Sullivan, Walter (April 9, 1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1975/04/09/archives/natural-history-museum-builds-a-wing-for-600-tons-of-fossils.html">"Natural History Museum Builds A Wing for 600 Tons of Fossils"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved August 2, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Natural+History+Museum+Builds+A+Wing+for+600+Tons+of+Fossils&rft.date=1975-04-09&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1975%2F04%2F09%2Farchives%2Fnatural-history-museum-builds-a-wing-for-600-tons-of-fossils.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Collins_1991-107">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Collins_1991_107-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Collins_1991_107-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins1991" class="citation web cs1">Collins, Glenn (December 1, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/01/arts/clearing-a-new-path-for-t-rex-and-company.html">"Clearing a New Path for T. Rex and Company"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210829041946/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/01/arts/clearing-a-new-path-for-t-rex-and-company.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 29, 2021. Retrieved May 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Clearing+a+New+Path+for+T.+Rex+and+Company&rft.date=1991-12-01&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F12%2F01%2Farts%2Fclearing-a-new-path-for-t-rex-and-company.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2013" class="citation web cs1">Walker, Lawrence (December 26, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://purehistory.org/american-museum-of-natural-history/">"American Museum of Natural History | PureHistory"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220603223421/https://purehistory.org/american-museum-of-natural-history/">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2022. 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Retrieved June 11, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AMNH&rft.atitle=Hall+of+North+American+Forests&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnh.org%2Fexhibitions%2Fpermanent-exhibitions%2Fbiodiversity-and-environmental-halls%2Fhall-of-north-american-forests&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-n132437169-201"><a href="#cite_ref-n132437169_201-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-new-museum-hall-to-open/132437169/">"New Museum Hall to Open"</a>. Daily News. May 13, 1951. p. 248. 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The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved September 26, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Albert+E.+Parr%2C+Museum+Director+and+Oceanographer%2C+Dies+at+90&rft.date=1991-07-20&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Fowler&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F07%2F20%2Fobituaries%2Falbert-e-parr-museum-director-and-oceanographer-dies-at-90.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithjam.com/mad-men-design-a-museum-exhibit/">"Mad men design a museum exhibit"</a>. Joseph Smith. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200225091209/http://www.smithjam.com/mad-men-design-a-museum-exhibit/">Archived</a> from the original on February 25, 2020. Retrieved June 11, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Joseph+Smith&rft.atitle=Mad+men+design+a+museum+exhibit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithjam.com%2Fmad-men-design-a-museum-exhibit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AMNH_Hall_of_Ocean_Life-205"><a href="#cite_ref-AMNH_Hall_of_Ocean_Life_205-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/ocean-life">"Hall of Ocean Life"</a>. American Museum of Natural History. August 1, 2018. 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Retrieved July 15, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arthur+Ross+Hall+of+Meteorites&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnh.org%2Fexhibitions%2Fpermanent-exhibitions%2Fearth-and-planetary-sciences-halls%2Farthur-ross-hall-of-meteorites&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dukes-255"><a href="#cite_ref-Dukes_255-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDukes2021" class="citation news cs1">Dukes, Tanya (May 23, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/23/fashion/jewelry-gems-american-museum-of-natural-history.html">"Some Famous Gems Get a New Setting"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210709234613/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/23/fashion/jewelry-gems-american-museum-of-natural-history.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 9, 2021. 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Toronto: <a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151018213057/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/dinosaurs-that-flocked-together/article4116680/">Archived</a> from the original on October 18, 2015. Retrieved July 15, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Dinosaurs+that+flocked+together&rft.date=2005-04-12&rft.aulast=Considine&rft.aufirst=J.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Farts%2Fdinosaurs-that-flocked-together%2Farticle4116680%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrowne1990" class="citation news cs1">Browne, Malcolm W. 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Retrieved June 17, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Dinosaur+Displays+Closing+for+Renovation&rft.date=1990-11-29&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Browne&rft.aufirst=Malcolm+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1990%2F11%2F29%2Farts%2Fdinosaur-displays-closing-for-renovation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilford1994" class="citation news cs1">Wilford, John Noble (May 13, 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1994/05/13/arts/a-brand-new-hall-for-some-very-old-mammals.html">"A Brand-New Hall for Some Very Old Mammals"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. 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The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 13, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Mesozoic+Encore%3B+The+Dinosaurs+Reappear+In+Top+Form&rft.date=1995-06-02&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Wilford&rft.aufirst=John+Noble&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1995%2F06%2F02%2Farts%2Fmesozoic-encore-the-dinosaurs-reappear-in-top-form.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090312055038/http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/fossilhalls/vertebrate/specimens/trex.php">"Fossil Halls"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/fossilhalls/vertebrate/specimens/mammuthus.php">the original</a> on February 25, 2009. Retrieved March 18, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fossil+Halls&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnh.org%2Fexhibitions%2Fpermanent%2Ffossilhalls%2Fvertebrate%2Fspecimens%2Fmammuthus.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> Osborn, H. F. (1898). Models of extinct vertebrates. Science, New Series, 7(192): 841-845. </li> <li id="cite_note-Tschopp-277">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tschopp_277-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tschopp_277-1">b</a> Tschopp, E., Mateus, O., & Benson, R. B. (2015). A specimen-level phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Diplodocidae (Dinosauria, Sauropoda). 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Retrieved March 18, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fossil+Halls&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnh.org%2Fexhibitions%2Fpermanent%2Ffossilhalls%2Fvertebrate%2Fspecimens%2Fapatosaurus.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090204083040/http://amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/fossilhalls/vertebrate/specimens/brontops.php">"Fossil Halls"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/fossilhalls/vertebrate/specimens/brontops.php">the original</a> on February 4, 2009. Retrieved March 18, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fossil+Halls&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnh.org%2Fexhibitions%2Fpermanent%2Ffossilhalls%2Fvertebrate%2Fspecimens%2Fbrontops.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170630033958/http://www.amnh.org/join-support/naming-opportunities/name-a-fossil/hall-of-ornithischian-dinosaurs">"Hall of Ornithischian Dinosaurs"</a>. AMNH. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amnh.org/join-support/naming-opportunities/name-a-fossil/hall-of-ornithischian-dinosaurs">the original</a> on June 30, 2017. Retrieved September 6, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AMNH&rft.atitle=Hall+of+Ornithischian+Dinosaurs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnh.org%2Fjoin-support%2Fnaming-opportunities%2Fname-a-fossil%2Fhall-of-ornithischian-dinosaurs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-American_Museum_of_Natural_History_2014_p001-281"><a href="#cite_ref-American_Museum_of_Natural_History_2014_p001_281-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnh.org/research/science-news/2007/iridescent-ammonite-goes-on-display-at-the-museum">"Iridescent Ammonite Goes On Display At The Museum"</a>. American Museum of Natural History (Press release). February 20, 2014. Retrieved September 26, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iridescent+Ammonite+Goes+On+Display+At+The+Museum&rft.date=2014-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnh.org%2Fresearch%2Fscience-news%2F2007%2Firidescent-ammonite-goes-on-display-at-the-museum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a> Osborn, H. F., & Granger, W. (1904). Manus, sacrum, and caudals of Sauropoda. Bulletin of the AMNH; v. 20, article 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent-exhibitions/fossil-halls/hall-of-saurischian-dinosaurs/allosaurus">"Allosaurus"</a>. AMNH. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160911100247/http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent-exhibitions/fossil-halls/hall-of-saurischian-dinosaurs/allosaurus">Archived</a> from the original on September 11, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AMNH&rft.atitle=Allosaurus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnh.org%2Fexhibitions%2Fpermanent-exhibitions%2Ffossil-halls%2Fhall-of-saurischian-dinosaurs%2Fallosaurus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> Osborn, H. F. (1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6EAbAAAAYAAJ&dq=bone+cabin+quarry&pg=PA197">Fore and hind limbs of Sauropoda from the Bone Cabin Quarry</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220407000139/https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=6EAbAAAAYAAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA197&dq=bone+cabin+quarry&ots=A608b7x7g6&sig=Q4tZ4UlIBVmVZPkJgzWxxCBIOIY">Archived</a> April 7, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Vol. 3). </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amnh.org/explore/news-blogs/on-exhibit-posts/andrewsarchus-superb-skull-of-a-gigantic-beast">"Andrewsarchus, "Superb Skull of a Gigantic Beast""</a>. 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The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171117175518/http://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/07/nyregion/handling-fragile-story-man-with-care-museum-natural-history-library-moves-its.html?pagewanted=all">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2017. Retrieved February 5, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Handling+the+%28Fragile%29+Story+of+Man+With+Care%3B+Museum+of+Natural+History+Library+Moves+Its+Million-Item+Collection+to+a+New+Home&rft.date=1992-11-07&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1992%2F11%2F07%2Fnyregion%2Fhandling-fragile-story-man-with-care-museum-natural-history-library-moves-its.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-309"><a href="#cite_ref-309">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amnh.org/our-research/research-library/special-collections/collections/institutional-archives-manuscripts-and-personal-papers">"Institutional Archives, Manuscripts, and Personal Papers"</a>. Amnh.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140513031751/http://www.amnh.org/our-research/research-library/special-collections/collections/institutional-archives-manuscripts-and-personal-papers">Archived</a> from the original on May 13, 2014. Retrieved May 12, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Institutional+Archives%2C+Manuscripts%2C+and+Personal+Papers&rft.pub=Amnh.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnh.org%2Four-research%2Fresearch-library%2Fspecial-collections%2Fcollections%2Finstitutional-archives-manuscripts-and-personal-papers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><a href="#cite_ref-310">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amnh.org/our-research/research-library/special-collections/collections/art-and-memorabilia">Art and Memorabilia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170708022712/http://www.amnh.org/our-research/research-library/special-collections/collections/art-and-memorabilia">Archived</a> July 8, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>- AMNH.org </li> <li id="cite_note-311"><a href="#cite_ref-311">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amnh.org/our-research/research-library/special-collections/collections/moving-image-collection">Moving Image Collection</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171007052135/https://www.amnh.org/our-research/research-library/special-collections/collections/moving-image-collection/">Archived</a> October 7, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>- AMNH.org </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amnh.org/our-research/research-library/special-collections/collections/vertical-files">Vertical Files</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170726193205/http://www.amnh.org/our-research/research-library/special-collections/collections/vertical-files">Archived</a> July 26, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>- AMNH.org </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.amnh.org/scientific-publications">AMNH Scientific Publications</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130510170926/http://library.amnh.org/scientific-publications">Archived</a> May 10, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, American Museum of Natural History, Retrieved January 11, 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-314"><a href="#cite_ref-314">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAscarza2014" class="citation book cs1">Ascarza, William (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p_J2CQAAQBAJ&q=%22Southwestern+Research+Station%22+&pg=PT60">Chiricahua Mountains: History and Nature</a>. Arcadia Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781625847355" title="Special:BookSources/9781625847355"><bdi>9781625847355</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220603223438/https://books.google.com/books?id=p_J2CQAAQBAJ&q=%22Southwestern+Research+Station%22+&pg=PT60">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2022. Retrieved October 3, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chiricahua+Mountains%3A+History+and+Nature&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781625847355&rft.aulast=Ascarza&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp_J2CQAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522Southwestern%2BResearch%2BStation%2522%2B%26pg%3DPT60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-315"><a href="#cite_ref-315">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTyler2011" class="citation web cs1">Tyler, Aubin (December 25, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/travel/2011/12/25/the-southwestern-research-station-delights-scientists-and-guest-naturalists-alike/esQcMaCZOS2zHIDUlnlR8I/story.html">"In Arizona, a biodiversity hot spot goes beyond science"</a>. The Boston Globe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210303155253/https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/travel/2011/12/25/the-southwestern-research-station-delights-scientists-and-guest-naturalists-alike/esQcMaCZOS2zHIDUlnlR8I/story.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2021. 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Retrieved December 3, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Museum+of+Natural+History+Moveable+Museum+Program+%22Discovering+the+Universe%22+visits+P.S.+225&rft.pub=NYC+Department+of+Education&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fschools.nyc.gov%2FSchoolPortals%2F21%2FK225%2Fnewsandinfo%2FNews%2Famnhvisit.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x0NZzEQ3xno">"Moveable Museums Make Trip to D.C. (video)"</a>. AMNH Youtube Channel. October 27, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101130014831/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x0NZzEQ3xno">Archived</a> from the original on November 30, 2010. Retrieved December 3, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Moveable+Museums+Make+Trip+to+D.C.+%28video%29&rft.pub=AMNH+Youtube+Channel&rft.date=2010-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dx0NZzEQ3xno&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130419024731/http://www.nationallabday.org/resources/all?filter%5Bprovided_by%5D=American+Museum+of+Natural+History">"Moveable Museum"</a>. National Lab Day. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationallabday.org/resources/all?filter%5Bprovided_by%5D=American+Museum+of+Natural+History">the original</a> on April 19, 2013. 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Retrieved December 3, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=At+Staten+Island+School%2C+a+Moving+Way+to+Learn&rft.pub=SILive.com&rft.date=2010-10-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.silive.com%2Fnorthshore%2Findex.ssf%2F2008%2F10%2Fat_staten_island_school_a_movi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101115074714/http://www.ed.gov/oese-news/dinosaurs-moveable-museums-and-science">"Dinosaurs, Moveable Museums, and Science!"</a>. United States Department of Education. November 8, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ed.gov/oese-news/dinosaurs-moveable-museums-and-science">the original</a> on November 15, 2010. 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'Hall of Asian Peoples' is a hall of shame"</a>. ThePrint. Retrieved July 6, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ThePrint&rft.atitle=America%2C+your+Natural+History+museum+has+a+problem.+%27Hall+of+Asian+Peoples%27+is+a+hall+of+shame&rft.date=2024-06-29&rft.aulast=Satia&rft.aufirst=Priya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheprint.in%2Fopinion%2Famerica-your-natural-history-museum-has-a-problem-hall-of-asian-peoples-is-a-hall-of-shame%2F2152643%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-357"><a href="#cite_ref-357">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sarahlawrence.edu/faculty/abrams-samuel.html">"Samuel Abrams"</a>. www.sarahlawrence.edu. Retrieved July 6, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sarahlawrence.edu&rft.atitle=Samuel+Abrams&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sarahlawrence.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fabrams-samuel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-358"><a href="#cite_ref-358">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbrams2024" class="citation web cs1">Abrams, Samuel (June 11, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aei.org/society-and-culture/the-wrong-way-to-help-improve-a-museum/">"The Wrong Way to Help Improve a Museum"</a>. American Enterprise Institute. Retrieved July 6, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Enterprise+Institute&rft.atitle=The+Wrong+Way+to+Help+Improve+a+Museum&rft.date=2024-06-11&rft.aulast=Abrams&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aei.org%2Fsociety-and-culture%2Fthe-wrong-way-to-help-improve-a-museum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LA_Times_2017-12-14-359"><a href="#cite_ref-LA_Times_2017-12-14_359-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLytal2017" class="citation news cs1">Lytal, Cristy (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180122201522/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/la-en-mn-crafts-wonderstruck-20171214-story.html">"'Wonderstruck' strikes a powerful chord for production designer Mark Friedberg"</a>. The Los Angeles Times. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/la-en-mn-crafts-wonderstruck-20171214-story.html">the original</a> on January 22, 2018. Retrieved January 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=%27Wonderstruck%27+strikes+a+powerful+chord+for+production+designer+Mark+Friedberg&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Lytal&rft.aufirst=Cristy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fentertainment%2Fenvelope%2Fla-en-mn-crafts-wonderstruck-20171214-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-360"><a href="#cite_ref-360">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDominguezCullen,_Christopher2007" class="citation news cs1">Dominguez, Robert; Cullen, Christopher (January 4, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/night-history-hot-article-1.261604">"'Night' Makes History Hot"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Daily_News_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily News (New York)">Daily News</a>. New York. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130524101842/http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/night-history-hot-article-1.261604">Archived</a> from the original on May 24, 2013. Retrieved September 29, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+News&rft.atitle=%27Night%27+Makes+History+Hot&rft.date=2007-01-04&rft.aulast=Dominguez&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Cullen%2C+Christopher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Fentertainment%2Fnight-history-hot-article-1.261604&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=73" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandmarks_Preservation_Commission1975" class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0889.pdf">American Museum of Natural History, Memorial Hall, Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Building</a> (PDF) (Report). <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission" title="New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission">New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission</a>. July 22, 1975. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210519031012/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0889.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on May 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=American+Museum+of+Natural+History%2C+Memorial+Hall%2C+Theodore+Roosevelt+Memorial+Building&rft.pub=New+York+City+Landmarks+Preservation+Commission&rft.date=1975-07-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fs-media.nyc.gov%2Fagencies%2Flpc%2Flp%2F0889.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavey2019" class="citation book cs1">Davey, Colin (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pNszEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA22">The American Museum of Natural History and How It Got That Way: With a New Preface by the Author and a New Foreword by Neil deGrasse Tyson</a>. Fordham University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8232-8707-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8232-8707-9"><bdi>978-0-8232-8707-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Museum+of+Natural+History+and+How+It+Got+That+Way%3A+With+a+New+Preface+by+the+Author+and+a+New+Foreword+by+Neil+deGrasse+Tyson&rft.pub=Fordham+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-8232-8707-9&rft.aulast=Davey&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpNszEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacaulay-Lewis2021" class="citation book cs1">Macaulay-Lewis, Elizabeth (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GwyjzQEACAAJ">Antiquity in Gotham: The Ancient Architecture of New York City</a>. Fordham University Press. pp. 96–98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8232-9384-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8232-9384-1"><bdi>978-0-8232-9384-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1176326519">1176326519</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220520130053/https://books.google.com/books?id=GwyjzQEACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on May 20, 2022. Retrieved May 31, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antiquity+in+Gotham%3A+The+Ancient+Architecture+of+New+York+City&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E96-%3C%2Fspan%3E98&rft.pub=Fordham+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1176326519&rft.isbn=978-0-8232-9384-1&rft.aulast=Macaulay-Lewis&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGwyjzQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Museum_of_Natural_History1936" class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/6872/100116158.pdf">The New York State Theodore Roosevelt Memorial</a> (PDF) (Report). American Museum of Natural History. January 19, 1936. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220603223344/https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/6872/100116158.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on June 3, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+New+York+State+Theodore+Roosevelt+Memorial&rft.pub=American+Museum+of+Natural+History&rft.date=1936-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitallibrary.amnh.org%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F2246%2F6872%2F100116158.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsborn1911" class="citation book cs1">Osborn, Henry Fairfield (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T989AAAAMAAJ">The American Museum of Natural History: Its Origin, Its History, the Growth of Its Departments to December 31, 1909</a>. "Curators' ed., 600 copies.". Irving Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Museum+of+Natural+History%3A+Its+Origin%2C+Its+History%2C+the+Growth+of+Its+Departments+to+December+31%2C+1909&rft.series=%22Curators%27+ed.%2C+600+copies.%22&rft.pub=Irving+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Osborn&rft.aufirst=Henry+Fairfield&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT989AAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPreston1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Preston" title="Douglas Preston">Preston, Douglas</a> (1986). Dinosaurs in the Attic: An Excursion into the American Museum of Natural History. New York City: <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin's Press">St. Martin's Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-10456-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-10456-1"><bdi>0-312-10456-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dinosaurs+in+the+Attic%3A+An+Excursion+into+the+American+Museum+of+Natural+History&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-312-10456-1&rft.aulast=Preston&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSternMellinsFishman1999" class="citation book cs1">Stern, Robert A. M.; Mellins, Thomas; Fishman, David (1999). New York 1880: Architecture and Urbanism in the Gilded Age. Monacelli Press. pp. 182–189. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58093-027-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58093-027-7"><bdi>978-1-58093-027-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/40698653">40698653</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+York+1880%3A+Architecture+and+Urbanism+in+the+Gilded+Age&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E182-%3C%2Fspan%3E189&rft.pub=Monacelli+Press&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F40698653&rft.isbn=978-1-58093-027-7&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.+M.&rft.au=Mellins%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Fishman%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Museum+of+Natural+History" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Museum_of_Natural_History&action=edit&section=74" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:American_Museum_of_Natural_History" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:American Museum of Natural History">American Museum of Natural History</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amnh.org/">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060206130253/http://manhattan.about.com/od/artsandculture/a/nyhistorymuseum.htm">American Museum of Natural History</a> at About.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artsandculture.google.com/partner/american-museum-of-natural-history">American Museum of Natural History at Google Cultural Institute</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecityreview.com/uws/cpw/amerhist.html">Early history of the AMNH</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Upper_West_Side" title="Template talk:Upper West Side"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Upper_West_Side" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Upper West Side"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Upper_West_Side_(including_Lincoln_Square,_Manhattan_Valley,_Riverside_South)311" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Upper_West_Side" title="Upper West Side">Upper West Side</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Square,_Manhattan" title="Lincoln Square, Manhattan">Lincoln Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Valley" title="Manhattan Valley">Manhattan Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riverside_South,_Manhattan" title="Riverside South, Manhattan">Riverside South</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Buildings311" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Buildings</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">59th–72nd Sts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_Lincoln_Plaza" title="1 Lincoln Plaza">1 Lincoln Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Riverside_Park" title="One Riverside Park">1 Riverside Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_West_63rd_Street" title="5 West 63rd Street">5 West 63rd Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_Central_Park_West" title="15 Central Park West">15 Central Park West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27_West_67th_Street" title="27 West 67th Street">27 West 67th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50_West_66th_Street" title="50 West 66th Street">50 West 66th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/55_Central_Park_West" title="55 Central Park West">55 Central Park West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/101_Central_Park_West" title="101 Central Park West">101 Central Park West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/200_Amsterdam" title="200 Amsterdam">200 Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradford_Hotel_(New_York_City)" title="Bradford Hotel (New York City)">Bradford Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Brentmore" title="The Brentmore">The Brentmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Century_(apartment_building)" title="The Century (apartment building)">The Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank_Center" title="Deutsche Bank Center">Deutsche Bank Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dorilton" title="The Dorilton">The Dorilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Empire_Hotel_(New_York_City)" title="The Empire Hotel (New York City)">Empire Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battery_Armory" title="First Battery Armory">First Battery Armory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harperly_Hall" title="Harperly Hall">Harperly Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRT_Powerhouse" title="IRT Powerhouse">IRT Powerhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_des_Artistes" title="Hotel des Artistes">Hotel des Artistes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Towers" title="Lincoln Towers">Lincoln Towers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Majestic_(apartment_building)" title="The Majestic (apartment building)">The Majestic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_Tower_(New_York_City)" title="Millennium Tower (New York City)">Millennium Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Loggia" title="Park Loggia">Park Loggia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prasada" title="The Prasada">The Prasada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pythian_Temple_(New_York_City)" title="Pythian Temple (New York City)">Pythian Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sofia" title="The Sofia">The Sofia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_(New_York_City)" title="Trump International Hotel and Tower (New York City)">Trump International Hotel and Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterline_Square" title="Waterline Square">Waterline Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">72nd–86th Sts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/257_Central_Park_West" title="257 Central Park West">257 Central Park West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/520_West_End_Avenue" title="520 West End Avenue">520 West End Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ansonia" title="The Ansonia">The Ansonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Apthorp" title="The Apthorp">The Apthorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Bank_Building" title="Apple Bank Building">Apple Bank Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Astor" title="The Astor">The Astor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Beacon" title="Hotel Beacon">Hotel Beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Belleclaire" title="Hotel Belleclaire">Hotel Belleclaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beresford" title="The Beresford">The Beresford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretton_Hall_(Manhattan)" title="Bretton Hall (Manhattan)">Bretton Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dakota" title="The Dakota">The Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endicott_Hotel" title="Endicott Hotel">Endicott Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Greystone" title="The Greystone">The Greystone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kenilworth" title="The Kenilworth">The Kenilworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Langham_(apartment_building)" title="The Langham (apartment building)">The Langham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Level_Club" title="The Level Club">The Level Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olcott_Hotel" title="Olcott Hotel">Olcott Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_School_9_(historic_building)" title="Public School 9 (historic building)">Public School 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_House_(Manhattan)" title="Red House (Manhattan)">Red House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossleigh_Court" title="Rossleigh Court">Rossleigh Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_San_Remo" title="The San Remo">The San Remo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">86th–110th Sts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/161_West_93rd_Street" title="161 West 93rd Street">161 West 93rd Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/353_Central_Park_West" title="353 Central Park West">353 Central Park West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/360_Central_Park_West" title="360 Central Park West">360 Central Park West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/370_Riverside_Drive" title="370 Riverside Drive">370 Riverside Drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/601_West_End_Avenue" title="601 West End Avenue">601 West End Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ariel" title="The Ariel">The Ariel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_Residence_Nursing_Home" title="Association Residence Nursing Home">Association Residence Nursing Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astor_Court_Building" title="Astor Court Building">Astor Court Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Belnord" title="The Belnord">The Belnord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claremont_Riding_Academy" title="Claremont Riding Academy">Claremont Riding Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleburne_Building" title="Cleburne Building">Cleburne Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Square_(New_York_City)" title="Columbus Square (New York City)">Columbus Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cornwall" title="The Cornwall">The Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_El_Dorado" title="The El Dorado">The El Dorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass_Houses" title="Frederick Douglass Houses">Frederick Douglass Houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Marseilles" title="Hotel Marseilles">Hotel Marseilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Paris_(New_York_City)" title="Hotel Paris (New York City)">Hotel Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_L._Rice_Mansion" title="Isaac L. Rice Mansion">Isaac L. Rice Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Manhasset" title="The Manhasset">The Manhasset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Apartments" title="Master Apartments">Master Apartments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Cancer_Hospital" title="New York Cancer Hospital">New York Cancer Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Normandy" title="The Normandy">The Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomander_Walk" title="Pomander Walk">Pomander Walk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schinasi_Mansion" title="Schinasi Mansion">Schinasi Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Turin" title="The Turin">The Turin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apthorp_Farm" title="Apthorp Farm">Apthorp Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astor_Market" title="Astor Market">Astor Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Schwab_House" title="Charles M. Schwab House">Charles M. Schwab House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Arcade" title="Lincoln Arcade">Lincoln Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerindyck_House" title="Somerindyck House">Somerindyck House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Culture311" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Culture</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shops, restaurants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asiate" title="Asiate">Asiate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Grill" title="Atlantic Grill">Atlantic Grill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barney_Greengrass" title="Barney Greengrass">Barney Greengrass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essential_by_Christophe" title="Essential by Christophe">Essential by Christophe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Georges" title="Jean-Georges">Jean-Georges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucciola_(restaurant)" title="Lucciola (restaurant)">Lucciola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray%27s_Sturgeon_Shop" title="Murray's Sturgeon Shop">Murray's Sturgeon Shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salumeria_Rosi_Parmacotto" title="Salumeria Rosi Parmacotto">Salumeria Rosi Parmacotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabar%27s" title="Zabar's">Zabar's</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">American Museum of Natural History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Museum_of_Manhattan" title="Children's Museum of Manhattan">Children's Museum of Manhattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Biblical_Art_(New_York_City)" title="Museum of Biblical Art (New York City)">Museum of Biblical Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Historical" title="New York Historical">New York Historical</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theaters/performing arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Arclight Theatre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beacon_Theatre_(New_York_City)" title="Beacon Theatre (New York City)">Beacon Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stand_Up_NY" title="Stand Up NY">Stand Up NY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_Space" title="Symphony Space">Symphony Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triad_Theatre" title="Triad Theatre">Triad Theatre</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Lincoln_Center14" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lincoln Center</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Tully_Hall" title="Alice Tully Hall">Alice Tully Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Geffen_Hall" title="David Geffen Hall">David Geffen Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_H._Koch_Theater" title="David H. Koch Theater">David H. Koch Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_at_Lincoln_Center" title="Jazz at Lincoln Center">Rose Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_House_(Lincoln_Center)" title="Metropolitan Opera House (Lincoln Center)">Metropolitan Opera House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Beaumont_Theater" title="Vivian Beaumont Theater">Vivian Beaumont Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Reade_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Reade Theater">Walter Reade Theater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andanada" title="Andanada">Andanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_des_Artistes" title="Café des Artistes">Café des Artistes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Century_Theatre_(Central_Park_West)" title="Century Theatre (Central Park West)">Century Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dovetail_(restaurant)" title="Dovetail (restaurant)">Dovetail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighty_One" title="Eighty One">Eighty One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Theater_(New_York_City)" title="Metro Theater (New York City)">Metro Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikell%27s" title="Mikell's">Mikell's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Roerich_Museum" title="Nicholas Roerich Museum">Nicholas Roerich Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Photographer%27s_Gallery" title="A Photographer's Gallery">A Photographer's Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telepan" title="Telepan">Telepan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Green_spaces_and_recreation311" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Green spaces and recreation</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damrosch_Park" title="Damrosch Park">Damrosch Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_Park_(Manhattan)" title="Riverside Park (Manhattan)">Riverside Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Square" title="Sherman Square">Sherman Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septuagesimo_Uno" title="Septuagesimo Uno">Septuagesimo Uno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdi_Square" title="Verdi Square">Verdi Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Community_Garden" title="West Side Community Garden">West Side Community Garden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Education311" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Education</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary and secondary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Anderson_School_PS_334" title="The Anderson School PS 334">The Anderson School PS 334</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calhoun_School" title="Calhoun School">Calhoun School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_School_(New_York_City)" title="Collegiate School (New York City)">Collegiate School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Grammar_%26_Preparatory_School" title="Columbia Grammar & Preparatory School">Columbia Grammar & Preparatory School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_School" title="Dwight School">Dwight School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_A._Reynolds_West_Side_High_School" title="Edward A. Reynolds West Side High School">Edward A. Reynolds West Side High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiorello_H._LaGuardia_High_School" title="Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School">Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_School" title="Gateway School">Gateway School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovation_Diploma_Plus_High_School" title="Innovation Diploma Plus High School">Innovation Diploma Plus High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Day_School" title="Manhattan Day School">Manhattan Day School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PS_9_Sarah_Anderson_School" title="PS 9 Sarah Anderson School">PS 9 Sarah Anderson School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PS_166_(Manhattan)" title="PS 166 (Manhattan)">PS 166</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_School_at_Columbia_University" title="The School at Columbia University">The School at Columbia University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Schechter_School_of_Manhattan" title="Solomon Schechter School of Manhattan">Solomon Schechter School of Manhattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Gaynor_School" title="Stephen Gaynor School">Stephen Gaynor School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_Maestro" title="Studio Maestro">Studio Maestro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_School_(New_York_City)" title="Trinity School (New York City)">Trinity School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-secondary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bard_Graduate_Center" title="Bard Graduate Center">Bard Graduate Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fordham_University_School_of_Law" title="Fordham University School of Law">Fordham University School of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Macaulay_Honors_College" title="William E. Macaulay Honors College">William E. Macaulay Honors College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshivat_Hadar" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeshivat Hadar">Yeshivat Hadar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloomingdale_School_of_Music" title="Bloomingdale School of Music">Bloomingdale School of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaufman_Music_Center" title="Kaufman Music Center">Kaufman Music Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannes_School_of_Music" title="Mannes School of Music">Mannes School of Music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Religion311" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Religion</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Churches, chapels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advent_Lutheran_Church_(New_York_City)" title="Advent Lutheran Church (New York City)">Advent Lutheran Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Angels%27_Church" title="All Angels' Church">All Angels' Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annunciation_Greek_Orthodox_Church_(Manhattan)" title="Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church (Manhattan)">Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_United_Church_of_Christ" title="Broadway United Church of Christ">Broadway United Church of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_%26_Saint_Stephen%27s_Episcopal_Church" title="Christ & Saint Stephen's Episcopal Church">Christ & Saint Stephen's Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Paul_and_St._Andrew_(New_York_City)" title="Church of St. Paul and St. Andrew (New York City)">Church of St. Paul and St. Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Ascension,_Roman_Catholic_(Manhattan)" title="Church of the Ascension, Roman Catholic (Manhattan)">Church of the Ascension, Roman Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament_(Manhattan)" title="Church of the Blessed Sacrament (Manhattan)">Church of the Blessed Sacrament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Baptist_Church_in_the_City_of_New_York" title="First Baptist Church in the City of New York">First Baptist Church in the City of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Church_of_Christ,_Scientist_(New_York_City)" title="First Church of Christ, Scientist (New York City)">First Church of Christ, Scientist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Universalist_Society_in_the_City_of_New_York" title="Fourth Universalist Society in the City of New York">Fourth Universalist Society in the City of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Name_of_Jesus_Roman_Catholic_Church_(Manhattan)" title="Holy Name of Jesus Roman Catholic Church (Manhattan)">Holy Name of Jesus Roman Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Church_(Manhattan)" title="Holy Trinity Church (Manhattan)">Holy Trinity Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Lutheran_Church_(Manhattan)" title="Holy Trinity Lutheran Church (Manhattan)">Holy Trinity Lutheran Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_Memorial_Chapel" title="Riverside Memorial Chapel">Riverside Memorial Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutgers_Presbyterian_Church" title="Rutgers Presbyterian Church">Rutgers Presbyterian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Agnes_Chapel_(New_York_City)" title="St. Agnes Chapel (New York City)">St. Agnes Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Church_of_Christ,_Scientist_(Manhattan)" title="Second Church of Christ, Scientist (Manhattan)">Second Church of Christ, Scientist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Gregory_the_Great_Church_(Manhattan)" title="St. Gregory the Great Church (Manhattan)">St. Gregory the Great Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Ignatius_of_Antioch_Church_(New_York_City)" title="St. Ignatius of Antioch Church (New York City)">St. Ignatius of Antioch Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Episcopal_Church_(Manhattan)" title="St. Michael's Episcopal Church (Manhattan)">St. Michael's Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_Manhattan" title="Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church of Manhattan">Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church of Manhattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_End_Collegiate_Church" title="West End Collegiate Church">West End Collegiate Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West-Park_Presbyterian_Church" title="West-Park Presbyterian Church">West-Park Presbyterian Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Synagogues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansche_Chesed" title="Ansche Chesed">Ansche Chesed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%27nai_Jeshurun_(Manhattan)" title="B'nai Jeshurun (Manhattan)">B'nai Jeshurun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Habonim" title="Congregation Habonim">Congregation Habonim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Ohab_Zedek" title="Congregation Ohab Zedek">Congregation Ohab Zedek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Rodeph_Sholom_(Manhattan)" title="Congregation Rodeph Sholom (Manhattan)">Congregation Rodeph Sholom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Shaare_Zedek_(Manhattan)" title="Congregation Shaare Zedek (Manhattan)">Congregation Shaare Zedek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Shearith_Israel" title="Congregation Shearith Israel">Congregation Shearith Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Center_(Manhattan)" title="Jewish Center (Manhattan)">Jewish Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Square_Synagogue" title="Lincoln Square Synagogue">Lincoln Square Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramath_Orah" title="Ramath Orah">Ramath Orah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Wise_Free_Synagogue" title="Stephen Wise Free Synagogue">Stephen Wise Free Synagogue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Transportation311" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Transportation</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">Subway</a> stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/59th_Street%E2%80%93Columbus_Circle_station" title="59th Street–Columbus Circle station">59th Street–Columbus Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/66th_Street%E2%80%93Lincoln_Center_station" title="66th Street–Lincoln Center station">66th Street–Lincoln Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/72nd_Street_station_(IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line)" title="72nd Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)">72nd Street/Central Park West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/72nd_Street_station_(IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line)" title="72nd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)">72nd Street/Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/79th_Street_station_(IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line)" title="79th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)">79th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/81st_Street%E2%80%93Museum_of_Natural_History_station" title="81st Street–Museum of Natural History station">81st Street–Museum of Natural History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/86th_Street_station_(IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line)" title="86th Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)">86th Street/Central Park West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/86th_Street_station_(IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line)" title="86th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)">86th Street/Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/96th_Street_station_(IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line)" title="96th Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)">96th Street/Central Park West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/96th_Street_station_(IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line)" title="96th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)">96th Street/Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/103rd_Street_station_(IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line)" title="103rd Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)">103rd Street/Central Park West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/103rd_Street_station_(IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line)" title="103rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)">103rd Street/Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Parkway%E2%80%93110th_Street_station_(IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line)" title="Cathedral Parkway–110th Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)">Cathedral Parkway–110th Street/Central Park West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Parkway%E2%80%93110th_Street_station_(IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line)" title="Cathedral Parkway–110th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)">Cathedral Parkway–110th Street/Broadway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Streets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/66th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="66th Street (Manhattan)">66th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/72nd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="72nd Street (Manhattan)">72nd Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/74th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="74th Street (Manhattan)">74th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/79th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="79th Street (Manhattan)">79th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/85th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="85th Street (Manhattan)">85th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/89th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="89th Street (Manhattan)">89th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/95th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="95th Street (Manhattan)">95th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/96th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="96th Street (Manhattan)">96th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Tenth Avenue (Manhattan)">Amsterdam Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Eighth Avenue (Manhattan)">Central Park West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Ninth Avenue (Manhattan)">Columbus Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Circle" title="Columbus Circle">Columbus Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass_Circle" title="Frederick Douglass Circle">Frederick Douglass Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_Drive_(Manhattan)" title="Riverside Drive (Manhattan)">Riverside Drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Eleventh Avenue (Manhattan)">West End Avenue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Central_Railroad_69th_Street_Transfer_Bridge" title="New York Central Railroad 69th Street Transfer Bridge">New York Central Railroad 69th Street Transfer Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/79th_Street_Boat_Basin" title="79th Street Boat Basin">79th Street Boat Basin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related_topics311" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_West_Historic_District" title="Central Park West Historic District">Central Park West Historic District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattantown" title="Manhattantown">Manhattantown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Hill,_Manhattan" title="San Juan Hill, Manhattan">San Juan Hill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_7" title="Manhattan Community Board 7">Manhattan Community Board 7</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tourist_attractions_in_New_York_City260" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tourist_attractions_in_New_York_City" title="Template:Tourist attractions in New York City"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tourist_attractions_in_New_York_City" title="Template talk:Tourist attractions in New York City"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tourist_attractions_in_New_York_City" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tourist attractions in New York City"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tourist_attractions_in_New_York_City260" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_buildings,_sites,_and_monuments_in_New_York_City" title="List of buildings, sites, and monuments in New York City">Tourist attractions in New York City</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">More than 10 million annual visitors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Times_Square" title="Times Square">Times Square</a> (50 M)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a> (40 M)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Terminal" title="Grand Central Terminal">Grand Central Terminal</a> (21.6 M)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> (13.2 M)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Street_Seaport" title="South Street Seaport">South Street Seaport</a> (12 M)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Center" title="Rockefeller Center">Rockefeller Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1 to 10 million annual visitors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Line" title="High Line">High Line</a> (7.6 M)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a> (6.3 M)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">American Museum of Natural History</a> (5.0 M)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_September_11_Memorial_%26_Museum" title="National September 11 Memorial & Museum">National September 11 Memorial & Museum</a> (5.0 M)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_State_Building" title="Empire State Building">Empire State Building</a> (3.5 M)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a> (2.8 M)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a> (2.4 M)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_World_Trade_Center" title="One World Trade Center">One World Trade Center</a> (2.3 M)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronx_Zoo" title="Bronx Zoo">Bronx Zoo</a> (1.8 M)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellis_Island" title="Ellis Island">Ellis Island</a> (1.7 M)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Note: Visitor numbers are estimates only. See also: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_New_York_City" title="Tourism in New York City">Tourism in New York City</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="U.S._National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_New_York642" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_New_York" title="Template:National Register of Historic Places in New York"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_New_York" title="Template talk:National Register of Historic Places in New York"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_New_York" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Register of Historic Places in New York"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="U.S._National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_New_York642" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">U.S. National Register of Historic Places</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contributing_property" title="Contributing property">Contributing property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keeper_of_the_Register" title="Keeper of the Register">Keeper of the Register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_districts_in_the_United_States" title="Historic districts in the United States">Historic district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="History of the National Register of Historic Places">History of the National Register of Historic Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_property_types" title="National Register of Historic Places property types">Property types</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg/50px-Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg/75px-Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg/100px-Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="720" /> <a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_USA_NY.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Map_of_USA_NY.svg/100px-Map_of_USA_NY.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Map_of_USA_NY.svg/151px-Map_of_USA_NY.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Map_of_USA_NY.svg/200px-Map_of_USA_NY.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="186" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Lists by county</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Albany_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Albany County, New York">Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Allegany_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Allegany County, New York">Allegany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_Bronx" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the Bronx">Bronx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Broome_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Broome County, New York">Broome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Cattaraugus_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Cattaraugus County, New York">Cattaraugus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Cayuga_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Cayuga County, New York">Cayuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Chautauqua_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Chautauqua County, New York">Chautauqua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Chemung_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Chemung County, New York">Chemung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Chenango_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Chenango County, New York">Chenango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Clinton_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Clinton County, New York">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Columbia_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Columbia County, New York">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Cortland_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Cortland County, New York">Cortland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Delaware_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Delaware County, New York">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Dutchess_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Dutchess County, New York">Dutchess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Erie_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Erie County, New York">Erie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Essex_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Essex County, New York">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Franklin_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Franklin County, New York">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Fulton_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Fulton County, New York">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Genesee_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Genesee County, New York">Genesee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Greene_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Greene County, New York">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Hamilton_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Hamilton County, New York">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Herkimer_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Herkimer County, New York">Herkimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Jefferson_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Jefferson County, New York">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Brooklyn" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Brooklyn">Kings (Brooklyn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Lewis_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Lewis County, New York">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Livingston_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Livingston County, New York">Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Madison_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Madison County, New York">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Monroe_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Monroe County, New York">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Montgomery_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Montgomery County, New York">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Nassau_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Nassau County, New York">Nassau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Manhattan" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan">New York (Manhattan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Niagara_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Niagara County, New York">Niagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Oneida_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Oneida County, New York">Oneida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Onondaga_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Onondaga County, New York">Onondaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Ontario_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Ontario County, New York">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Orange_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Orange County, New York">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Orleans_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Orleans County, New York">Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Oswego_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Oswego County, New York">Oswego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Otsego_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Otsego County, New York">Otsego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Putnam_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Putnam County, New York">Putnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Queens,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Queens, New York">Queens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Rensselaer_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Rensselaer County, New York">Rensselaer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Staten_Island" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Staten Island">Richmond (Staten Island)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Rockland_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Rockland County, New York">Rockland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Saratoga_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Saratoga County, New York">Saratoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Schenectady_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Schenectady County, New York">Schenectady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Schoharie_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Schoharie County, New York">Schoharie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Schuyler_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Schuyler County, New York">Schuyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Seneca_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Seneca County, New York">Seneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_St._Lawrence_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in St. Lawrence County, New York">St. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Steuben_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Steuben County, New York">Steuben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Suffolk_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Suffolk County, New York">Suffolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Sullivan_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Sullivan County, New York">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Tioga_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Tioga County, New York">Tioga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Tompkins_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Tompkins County, New York">Tompkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Ulster_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Ulster County, New York">Ulster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Warren_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Warren County, New York">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Washington_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington County, New York">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Wayne_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Wayne County, New York">Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Westchester_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Westchester County, New York">Westchester</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_northern_Westchester_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in northern Westchester County, New York">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_southern_Westchester_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in southern Westchester County, New York">Southern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Wyoming_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Wyoming County, New York">Wyoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Yates_County,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Yates County, New York">Yates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Lists by city</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Albany,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Albany, New York">Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Buffalo,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_New_Rochelle,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in New Rochelle, New York">New Rochelle</a></li> <li>New York City <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_Bronx" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the Bronx">Bronx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Brooklyn" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Queens,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Queens, New York">Queens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Staten_Island" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Staten Island">Staten Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Manhattan" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan">Manhattan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Manhattan_below_14th_Street" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan below 14th Street">Below 14th St.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Manhattan_from_14th_to_59th_Streets" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan from 14th to 59th Streets">14th–59th St.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Manhattan_from_59th_to_110th_Streets" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan from 59th to 110th Streets">59th–110th St.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Manhattan_above_110th_Street" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan above 110th Street">Above 110th St.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Manhattan_on_islands" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan on islands">Minor islands</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Niagara_Falls,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Niagara Falls, New York">Niagara Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Peekskill,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Peekskill, New York">Peekskill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Poughkeepsie,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Poughkeepsie, New York"> Poughkeepsie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Rhinebeck,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Rhinebeck, New York">Rhinebeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Rochester,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Rochester, New York">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Syracuse,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Syracuse, New York">Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Yonkers,_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Yonkers, New York">Yonkers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Other lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_and_tunnels_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_New_York" title="List of bridges and tunnels on the National Register of Historic Places in New York">Bridges and tunnels</a></li> <li>National Historic Landmarks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_New_York_City" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in New York City">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_New_York" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in New York">Outside New York City</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black; font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_New_York_(state)" title="Category:National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in New York">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="Portal:National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Museums_in_Manhattan374" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Museums_in_Manhattan" title="Template:Museums in Manhattan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Museums_in_Manhattan" title="Template talk:Museums in Manhattan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Museums_in_Manhattan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Museums in Manhattan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Museums_in_Manhattan374" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Museums in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financial District and Battery Park (Below Chambers St)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Clinton" title="Castle Clinton">Castle Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Institute" title="China Institute">China Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Hall_National_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Hall National Memorial">Federal Hall National Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraunces_Tavern" title="Fraunces Tavern">Fraunces Tavern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gustav_Heye_Center" title="George Gustav Heye Center">George Gustav Heye Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercer_Labs_Museum_of_Art_and_Technology" title="Mercer Labs Museum of Art and Technology">Mercer Labs Museum of Art and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mmuseumm" title="Mmuseumm">Mmuseumm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_American_Finance" title="Museum of American Finance">Museum of American Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Jewish_Heritage" title="Museum of Jewish Heritage">Museum of Jewish Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_September_11_Memorial_%26_Museum" title="National September 11 Memorial & Museum">National September 11 Memorial & Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Museum" title="New York City Police Museum">New York City Police Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyscraper_Museum" title="Skyscraper Museum">Skyscraper Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Street_Seaport" title="South Street Seaport">South Street Seaport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lower Manhattan (Chambers-14th Sts)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_American_Arts_Centre" title="Asian American Arts Centre">Asian American Arts Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drawing_Center" title="Drawing Center">Drawing Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldridge_Street_Synagogue" title="Eldridge Street Synagogue">Eldridge Street Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FusionArts_Museums" title="FusionArts Museums">FusionArts Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_des_Lumieres" title="Hall des Lumieres">Hall des Lumieres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Center_of_Photography" title="International Center of Photography">International Center of Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie-Lohman_Museum_of_Gay_and_Lesbian_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Leslie-Lohman Museum of Gay and Lesbian Art">Leslie-Lohman Museum of Gay and Lesbian Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_East_Side_Tenement_Museum" title="Lower East Side Tenement Museum">Lower East Side Tenement Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant%27s_House_Museum" title="Merchant's House Museum">Merchant's House Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Chinese_in_America" title="Museum of Chinese in America">Museum of Chinese in America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Museum" title="New Museum">New Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Fire_Museum" title="New York City Fire Museum">New York City Fire Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Theatre_Museum" title="The Theatre Museum">The Theatre Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Museum" title="Ukrainian Museum">Ukrainian Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Museum_of_American_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitney Museum of American Art">Whitney Museum of American Art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chelsea, Flatiron, Gramercy (14th-34th Sts)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Jewish_History" title="Center for Jewish History">Center for Jewish History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dia_Chelsea" title="Dia Chelsea">Dia Chelsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fotografiska_New_York" title="Fotografiska New York">Fotografiska New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Harvey" title="John J. Harvey">John J. Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Museum_at_FIT" class="mw-redirect" title="The Museum at FIT">The Museum at FIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Sex" title="Museum of Sex">Museum of Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Mathematics" title="National Museum of Mathematics">National Museum of Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Print_Center_New_York" title="Print Center New York">Print Center New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poster_House" title="Poster House">Poster House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubin_Museum_of_Art" title="Rubin Museum of Art">Rubin Museum of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shed_(arts_center)" title="The Shed (arts center)">The Shed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Birthplace_National_Historic_Site" title="Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site">Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_House" title="Tibet House">Tibet House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Midtown (34th-59th Sts)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Houdini_Museum_of_New_York" title="Houdini Museum of New York">Houdini Museum of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intrepid_Museum" title="Intrepid Museum">Intrepid Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Society_(Manhattan)" title="Japan Society (Manhattan)">Japan Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Mossman_Lock_Museum" title="John M. Mossman Lock Museum">John M. Mossman Lock Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_Tussauds_New_York" title="Madame Tussauds New York">Madame Tussauds New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Library_%26_Museum" title="Morgan Library & Museum">Morgan Library & Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Arts_and_Design" title="Museum of Arts and Design">Museum of Arts and Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Broadway" title="Museum of Broadway">Museum of Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library_Main_Branch" title="New York Public Library Main Branch">New York Public Library Main Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Transit_Museum" title="New York Transit Museum">New York Transit Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paley_Center_for_Media" title="Paley Center for Media">Paley Center for Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavia_House_%E2%80%93_The_Nordic_Center_in_America" title="Scandinavia House – The Nordic Center in America">Scandinavia House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Art_Collection" title="United Nations Art Collection">United Nations Art Collection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Upper West Side (59th-125th Sts west of 5th Av)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Folk_Art_Museum" title="American Folk Art Museum">American Folk Art Museum</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">American Museum of Natural History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Center_for_Earth_and_Space" title="Rose Center for Earth and Space">Rose Center for Earth and Space</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Museum" title="Rose Museum">Carnegie Hall (Rose Museum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Museum_of_Manhattan" title="Children's Museum of Manhattan">Children's Museum of Manhattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Historical" title="New York Historical">New York Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="New York Public Library for the Performing Arts">New York Public Library for the Performing Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Roerich_Museum" title="Nicholas Roerich Museum">Nicholas Roerich Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Upper East Side and East Harlem (59th-125th Sts on or near 5th Av)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Africa_Center" title="The Africa Center">The Africa Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Society" title="Asia Society">Asia Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooper_Hewitt,_Smithsonian_Design_Museum" title="Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum">Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Museo_del_Barrio" title="El Museo del Barrio">El Museo del Barrio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frick_Collection" title="Frick Collection">Frick Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frick_Madison" class="mw-redirect" title="Frick Madison">Frick Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gracie_Mansion" title="Gracie Mansion">Gracie Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grolier_Club" title="Grolier Club">Grolier Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_R._Guggenheim_Museum" title="Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum">Guggenheim Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Museum_(Manhattan)" title="Jewish Museum (Manhattan)">Jewish Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon_Hotel_Museum" title="Mount Vernon Hotel Museum">Mount Vernon Hotel Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Motherhood" title="Museum of Motherhood">Museum of Motherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_City_of_New_York" title="Museum of the City of New York">Museum of the City of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Design" title="National Academy of Design">National Academy Museum and School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_Galerie_New_York" title="Neue Galerie New York">Neue Galerie New York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Upper Manhattan (Above 125th St)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Letters" title="American Academy of Arts and Letters">American Academy of Arts and Letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cloisters" title="The Cloisters">The Cloisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyckman_House" title="Dyckman House">Dyckman House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Grange_National_Memorial" title="Hamilton Grange National Memorial">Hamilton Grange National Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_Society_of_America" title="Hispanic Society of America">Hispanic Society of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_X_and_Dr._Betty_Shabazz_Memorial_and_Educational_Center" title="Malcolm X and Dr. Betty Shabazz Memorial and Educational Center">Malcolm X and Dr. Betty Shabazz Memorial and Educational Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris%E2%80%93Jumel_Mansion" title="Morris–Jumel Mansion">Morris–Jumel Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Jazz_Museum_in_Harlem" title="National Jazz Museum in Harlem">National Jazz Museum in Harlem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Track_and_Field_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Track and Field Hall of Fame">National Track and Field Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_University_Museum" title="Yeshiva University Museum">Yeshiva University Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_Museum_in_Harlem" title="Studio Museum in Harlem">Studio Museum in Harlem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ellis_Island" title="Ellis Island">Ellis Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty_Museum" title="Statue of Liberty Museum">Statue of Liberty Museum</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Art_Museum" title="Chelsea Art Museum">Chelsea Art Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahesh_Museum_of_Art" title="Dahesh Museum of Art">Dahesh Museum of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbes_Galleries" title="Forbes Galleries">Forbes Galleries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girl_Scout_Museum_and_Archives" title="Girl Scout Museum and Archives">Girl Scout Museum and Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGB_Espionage_Museum" title="KGB Espionage Museum">KGB Espionage Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Met_Breuer" title="Met Breuer">Met Breuer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Biblical_Art_(New_York_City)" title="Museum of Biblical Art (New York City)">Museum of Biblical Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Comic_and_Cartoon_Art" title="Museum of Comic and Cartoon Art">Museum of Comic and Cartoon Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Primitive_Art" title="Museum of Primitive Art">Museum of Primitive Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame#New_York_City_Annex" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock&Roll Hall of Fame: NYC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue#Museum_Mile" title="Fifth Avenue">Museum Mile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217717#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2918" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217717#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2918" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control 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