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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-By_region_and_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>South Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Americas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Americas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Americas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Americas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latin_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latin_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Latin America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latin_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bangladesh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bangladesh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Bangladesh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bangladesh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hong_Kong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hong_Kong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3</span> <span>Hong Kong</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hong_Kong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.4</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indonesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indonesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.5</span> <span>Indonesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indonesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.6</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.7</span> <span>South Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malaysia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malaysia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.8</span> <span>Malaysia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malaysia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.9</span> <span>Philippines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sri_Lanka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sri_Lanka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.10</span> <span>Sri Lanka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sri_Lanka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Denmark" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denmark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>Denmark</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denmark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-England" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#England"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span>England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-England-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.3</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.4</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.5</span> <span>Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.6</span> <span>Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.7</span> <span>The Netherlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.8</span> <span>Romania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.9</span> <span>Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.10</span> <span>Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sweden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sweden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.11</span> <span>Sweden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sweden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scotland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scotland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.12</span> <span>Scotland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scotland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oceania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oceania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Oceania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oceania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.2</span> <span>New Zealand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">State school</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="مدارس حكومية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مدارس حكومية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pampublikong_eskwelahan" title="Pampublikong eskwelahan – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pampublikong eskwelahan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ysgol_y_wladwriaeth" title="Ysgol y wladwriaeth – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ysgol y wladwriaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schule_in_%C3%B6ffentlicher_Tr%C3%A4gerschaft" title="Schule in öffentlicher Trägerschaft – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schule in öffentlicher Trägerschaft" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riigikool" title="Riigikool – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Riigikool" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%83%CF%87%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF" title="Δημόσιο σχολείο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δημόσιο σχολείο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escuela_estatal" title="Escuela estatal – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Escuela estatal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Ctata_lernejo" title="Ŝtata lernejo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝtata lernejo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EA%B3%B5%EB%A6%BD%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90" title="국공립학교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="국공립학교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="सार्वजनिक विद्यालय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सार्वजनिक विद्यालय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekolah_negeri_(pemerintah)" title="Sekolah negeri (pemerintah) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sekolah negeri (pemerintah)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="പൊതുവിദ്യാലയം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പൊതുവിദ്യാലയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekolah_kerajaan" title="Sekolah kerajaan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sekolah kerajaan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overheidsschool" title="Overheidsschool – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Overheidsschool" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E7%AB%8B%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1" title="公立学校 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="公立学校" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offentlig_skole" title="Offentlig skole – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Offentlig skole" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szko%C5%82a_publiczna" title="Szkoła publiczna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Szkoła publiczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Государственная школа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Государственная школа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shkolla_publike" title="Shkolla publike – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shkolla publike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_school" title="State school – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="State school" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javna_%C5%A1ola" title="Javna šola – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Javna šola" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="قوتابخانەی گشتی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="قوتابخانەی گشتی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF" title="அரசுப் பள்ளி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அரசுப் பள்ளி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devlet_okulu" title="Devlet okulu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Devlet okulu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Державна школа – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Державна школа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%81" title="سرکاری مدرسہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سرکاری مدرسہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B4ng_l%E1%BA%ADp" title="Công lập – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Công lập" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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</nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of school funded in whole or in part by general taxation</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For US state-funded universities, see <a href="/wiki/State_university_system" title="State university system">State university system</a>. For Texas residential institutions, see <a href="/wiki/Texas_state_supported_living_centers" title="Texas state supported living centers">Texas state supported living centers</a>. For correctional facilities for juveniles, see <a href="/wiki/Youth_detention_center" title="Youth detention center">Youth detention center</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reading_High_School_(PA).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Reading_High_School_%28PA%29.jpg/270px-Reading_High_School_%28PA%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Reading_High_School_%28PA%29.jpg/405px-Reading_High_School_%28PA%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Reading_High_School_%28PA%29.jpg/540px-Reading_High_School_%28PA%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>With 5,498 students as of the 2021–22 school year, <a href="/wiki/Reading_Senior_High_School" title="Reading Senior High School">Reading Senior High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Reading,_Pennsylvania" title="Reading, Pennsylvania">Reading, Pennsylvania</a>, is the largest state school in <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> and one of the largest state schools in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>state school</b>, <b>public school</b>, or <b>government school</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Primary_school" title="Primary school">primary</a> or <a href="/wiki/Secondary_school" title="Secondary school">secondary school</a> that educates all students without charge. They are funded in whole or in part by <a href="/wiki/Tax" title="Tax">taxation</a> and operated by the <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a> of the state. State-funded schools are global with each country showcasing distinct structures and curricula. Government-funded education spans from primary to secondary levels, covering ages 4 to 18. Alternatives to this system include <a href="/wiki/Homeschooling" title="Homeschooling">homeschooling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Private_school" title="Private school">private schools</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charter_school" title="Charter school">charter schools</a>, and other educational options. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="By_region_and_country">By region and country</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: By region and country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_education_articles_by_country" title="List of education articles by country">List of education articles by country</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa">Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: South Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_South_Africa" title="Education in South Africa">Education in South Africa</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, a state school or government school refers to a school that is state-controlled. These are officially called public schools according to the South African Schools Act of 1996, but it is a term that is not used colloquially. The Act recognised two categories of schools: public and independent. <a href="/wiki/Independent_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent school">Independent schools</a> include all private schools and schools that are privately governed. Independent schools with low tuition fees are state-aided and receive a subsidy on a sliding-scale. Traditional private schools that charge high fees receive no state subsidy. State schools are all state-owned, including section 21 schools, formerly referred to as "model C" or semi-private schools, that have a governing body and a degree of budget autonomy, as these are still fully owned and accountable to the state. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Americas">Americas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Americas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Canada">Canada</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Canada" title="Education in Canada">Education in Canada</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Scona_Exterior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Old_Scona_Exterior.jpg/220px-Old_Scona_Exterior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Old_Scona_Exterior.jpg/330px-Old_Scona_Exterior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Old_Scona_Exterior.jpg/440px-Old_Scona_Exterior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Old_Scona_Academic_High_School" title="Old Scona Academic High School">Old Scona High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Edmonton" title="Edmonton">Edmonton</a>, Alberta</figcaption></figure> <p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Canada" title="Constitution of Canada">Canadian constitution</a>, public-school education in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> is a provincial responsibility and, as such, there are many variations among the provinces. Junior kindergarten or equivalent exists as an official program in <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> while kindergarten or equivalent is available in every province, but provincial funding and the level of hours provided varies widely. Starting at grade one, at about age six, there is universal Crown-funded access up to grade twelve, or the equivalent. Schools are generally divided into elementary schools (kindergarten to Grade 8) and high schools (Grades 9 to 12). </p><p>However, in many areas, <a href="/wiki/Middle_school#Canada" title="Middle school">middle schools</a> are also provided and in some schools, particularly in rural areas, the elementary and middle levels can be combined into one school. In 2003, Grade 13, also known as the Ontario Academic Credit or "OAC" year, was eliminated in Ontario; it had previously been required only for students who intended to go on to university. Children are required to attend school until the age of sixteen in most provinces, while students in Ontario and <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a> must attend schools until the age of 18. </p><p>Some Canadian provinces offer segregated-by-religious-choice, but nonetheless Crown-funded and Crown-regulated, religiously based education. In Ontario, for example, Roman Catholic schools are known as "Catholic Schools" or "Separate Schools", not "Public Schools", although these are, by definition, no less "public" than their secular counterparts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Latin_America">Latin America</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Latin America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Latin_America" title="Education in Latin America">Education in Latin America</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Colegio_Nacional_Bragado.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Colegio_Nacional_Bragado.jpg/220px-Colegio_Nacional_Bragado.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Colegio_Nacional_Bragado.jpg/330px-Colegio_Nacional_Bragado.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Colegio_Nacional_Bragado.jpg/440px-Colegio_Nacional_Bragado.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>A secondary school in <a href="/wiki/Bragado" title="Bragado">Bragado</a>, Argentina</figcaption></figure> <p>In some countries, such as <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, the term public schools (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">escuelas públicas</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">escolas públicas</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>) is used for educational institutions owned by the federal, state, or city governments which do not charge tuition. Such schools exist in all levels of education, from the very beginning through post-secondary studies. Mexico has nine years of free and compulsory primary and secondary education. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> has 11 years of compulsory education, from pre-kindergarten to 9th grade, with children first entering at four or five years old and parents are required by law to give financial support to their children until they are 25 years old if they are studying. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Argentina" title="Education in Argentina">Education in Argentina</a> is a responsibility shared by the national government, the provinces and federal district and private institutions, though basic guidelines have historically been set by the Ministry of Education. Closely associated in <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> with President <a href="/wiki/Domingo_Sarmiento" class="mw-redirect" title="Domingo Sarmiento">Domingo Sarmiento</a>'s assertion that "the sovereign should be educated." The word "sovereign" refers to the people. Education has been extended nearly universally and its maintenance remains central to political and cultural debate. Even though education at all levels, including universities, has always been free, there are a large number of private schools and universities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States<span class="anchor" id="United_States"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_States" title="Education in the United States">Education in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stone_plaque_marking_the_site_of_the_first_public_school_in_America.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Stone_plaque_marking_the_site_of_the_first_public_school_in_America.JPG/220px-Stone_plaque_marking_the_site_of_the_first_public_school_in_America.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Stone_plaque_marking_the_site_of_the_first_public_school_in_America.JPG/330px-Stone_plaque_marking_the_site_of_the_first_public_school_in_America.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Stone_plaque_marking_the_site_of_the_first_public_school_in_America.JPG/440px-Stone_plaque_marking_the_site_of_the_first_public_school_in_America.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Stone plaque marking the site of the first public school in the United States, located in <a href="/wiki/Dedham,_Massachusetts" title="Dedham, Massachusetts">Dedham, Massachusetts</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Allen_High_School,_Allentown_PA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/William_Allen_High_School%2C_Allentown_PA.jpg/220px-William_Allen_High_School%2C_Allentown_PA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/William_Allen_High_School%2C_Allentown_PA.jpg/330px-William_Allen_High_School%2C_Allentown_PA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/William_Allen_High_School%2C_Allentown_PA.jpg/440px-William_Allen_High_School%2C_Allentown_PA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_Allen_High_School" title="William Allen High School">William Allen High School</a>, a large state school in <a href="/wiki/Allentown,_Pennsylvania" title="Allentown, Pennsylvania">Allentown, Pennsylvania</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seattle_-_Seward_School_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Seattle_-_Seward_School_01.jpg/220px-Seattle_-_Seward_School_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Seattle_-_Seward_School_01.jpg/330px-Seattle_-_Seward_School_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Seattle_-_Seward_School_01.jpg/440px-Seattle_-_Seward_School_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Seward School in <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the term "state school" is colloquial for <a href="/wiki/State_university_system" title="State university system">state university</a>, a college, and a university in a state university system. It is also used by state governments in the names of <a href="/wiki/Juvenile_prison" class="mw-redirect" title="Juvenile prison">juvenile prisons</a>, and facilities for disabled people. Instead, the term "public school" is used for elementary, middle, and high schools funded or run by a governmental entity. Private school generally refers to primary, secondary and tertiary educational institutions that are not government-owned. </p><p>Elementary, middle, and high schools that are operated by a religious organization are commonly called <a href="/wiki/Parochial_school" title="Parochial school">parochial schools</a>, though, in practice, the term is generally used to refer only to schools operated by the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States" title="Catholic Church in the United States">Catholic Church</a> or mainline denominations; the term "Christian school" is generally used to refer to schools operated by Evangelical, Pentecostal, Charismatic, or fundamentalist <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> churches. </p><p>The role of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">U.S. federal government</a> in education is limited and indirect. Direct control of education is a power reserved to the states under the <a href="/wiki/Tenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution</a> because the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">U.S. Constitution</a> does not explicitly or implicitly give the federal government authority to regulate education. However, any public or private school that accepts educational funding from the federal government, including participation in collegiate federal financial aid programs such as <a href="/wiki/Pell_Grant" title="Pell Grant">Pell Grants</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stafford_Loan" title="Stafford Loan">Stafford Loans</a> by accepting the funds or participating in a particular federal program, is subject to federal jurisdiction as a result of that participation. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Education" title="United States Department of Education">U.S. Department of Education</a>, based in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, supervises the role of the federal government in education. Direct regulation of public, private, and parochial schools is done by state and territorial governments; schools in Washington, D.C., are regulated by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Government of the District of Columbia">Government of the District of Columbia</a>. Regulation of public schools is typically accomplished through a <a href="/wiki/State_education_agency" title="State education agency">state education agency</a> and a state department of education. There is usually a <a href="/wiki/Superintendent_(education)" title="Superintendent (education)">state superintendent of schools</a>, who is appointed or elected to co-ordinate the state department of education, the state board of education, and the state legislature. Statewide education policies are disseminated to <a href="/wiki/School_district" title="School district">school districts</a> or their equivalents. They are associated with counties, or with groups of counties, but their boundaries are not necessarily coterminous with county boundaries. The intermediate school districts encompass many local school districts. Local school districts operate with their own local boards, which oversee operations of the individual schools within their jurisdiction. </p><p>In most states, the county or regional intermediate school districts merely implement state education policy and provide the channels through which a local district communicates with a state board of education, state superintendent, and department of education. They do not establish county or regional policies of their own. </p><p>Local school districts are administered by local <a href="/wiki/Board_of_education" title="Board of education">school boards</a>, which operate public <a href="/wiki/Elementary_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Elementary school">elementary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Secondary_school" title="Secondary school">high schools</a> within their boundaries. Public schools are often funded by local taxpayers, and most school boards are elected. However, some states have adopted new funding models that are not dependent upon the local economy. </p><p>Public schools are provided mainly by local governments. Curricula, funding, teaching, and other policies are set through locally elected school boards by jurisdiction over school districts. The school districts are <a href="/wiki/Special_district_(United_States)" title="Special district (United States)">special-purpose districts</a> authorised by provisions of state law. Generally, state governments set minimum standards relating to almost all activities of elementary and high schools, as well as funding and authorisation to enact local school taxes to support the schools, primarily through real property taxes. The federal government funds aid to states and school districts that meet minimum federal standards. School accreditation decisions are made by voluntary regional associations. The first free public school in America was the <a href="/wiki/Syms-Eaton_Academy" title="Syms-Eaton Academy">Syms-Eaton Academy</a> (1634) in <a href="/wiki/Hampton,_Virginia" title="Hampton, Virginia">Hampton, Virginia</a>, and the first tax-supported public school in America was in <a href="/wiki/Dedham,_Massachusetts" title="Dedham, Massachusetts">Dedham, Massachusetts</a>, founded by <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Wheelock" title="Ralph Wheelock">Rev. Ralph Wheelock</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States, 88% of students attend public schools, compared with 9% who attend <a href="/wiki/Parochial_school" title="Parochial school">parochial schools</a>, 1% who attend private <a href="/wiki/Independent_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent school">independent schools</a>, and 2% who are <a href="/wiki/Homeschooling_in_the_United_States" title="Homeschooling in the United States">homeschooled</a>. </p><p>Public school is normally split up into three stages: <a href="/wiki/Elementary_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Elementary school">elementary school</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kindergarten" title="Kindergarten">kindergarten</a> to 5th or 6th grade), <a href="/wiki/Middle_school" title="Middle school">middle</a> ("intermediate" or junior high school) from 5th, 6th, or 7th grade to 8th or 9th grade, and <a href="/wiki/Secondary_school" title="Secondary school">high school</a> (9th or 10th to 12th grade). The middle school format is increasingly common in which the elementary school contains kindergarten or 1st grade to 5th or 6th grade and the middle School contains 6th or 7th and 8th grade. In addition, some elementary schools are splitting into two levels, sometimes in separate buildings: elementary school (usually K–2) and intermediate (3–5). Some middle schools are different. </p><p>The K–8 format is also an emerging popular concept in which students may attend only two schools for all of their K–12 education. Many <a href="/wiki/Charter_school" title="Charter school">charter schools</a> feature the K-8 format in which all elementary grades are housed in one section of the school, and the traditional junior high school students are housed in another section of the school. Some very small school districts, primarily in rural areas, still maintain a K–12 system in which all students are housed in a single school. A few 7–12 schools also exist. </p><p>In the United States, institutions of <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a> that are operated and subsidised by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">states</a> are also referred to as "public". However, unlike public high schools, <a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">public universities</a> usually charge tuition, but fees are usually much lower than those charged by <a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">private universities</a>, particularly for students who meet in-state residency criteria. <a href="/wiki/Community_college" title="Community college">Community colleges</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_college_system" class="mw-redirect" title="State college system">state colleges</a>, and state universities are examples of public institutions of higher education. In particular, many state universities are regarded as among the best institutions of higher education in the US but usually are surpassed in ranking by certain private universities and colleges, such as those of the <a href="/wiki/Ivy_League" title="Ivy League">Ivy League</a>, which are often very expensive and extremely selective in the students they accept. In several states, the administrations of public universities are elected via the general electoral ballot. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia">Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bangladesh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Bangladesh" title="Education in Bangladesh">Education in Bangladesh</a></div> <p>Public or Government-funded schools are found throughout <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>. They are referred to as 'Government High School'. These schools mostly teach students from Year 1 to 10, with examination for students in year 10. All public schools follow the National Board Curriculum. Many children, especially girls, drop out of school after completing the 5th Year in remote areas. In larger cities such as <a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chittagong" title="Chittagong">Chittagong</a>, however, this is fairly uncommon. Many good public schools conduct an entrance exam, although most public schools in the villages and small towns usually do not. Public schools are often the only option for parents and children in rural areas, but there are large numbers of private schools in Dhaka and Chittagong. Many Bangladeshi private schools teach their students in English and follow curricula from overseas, but in public schools lessons are taught in <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="China">China</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_China" title="Education in China">Education in China</a></div> <p>In China, state schools are funded and administered by the education sector within the government. Although some, especially high schools, have started to charge a fair portion of parents of students an additional tuition fee, due to the increased places offered by the schools in recent years. Top state schools are often very selective, however. Students who miss their entrance requirement may still gain places if they meet a relatively lower requirement and their parents are willing to pay for the additional fees. Some parents appreciate the idea as they may send their children to good schools even though they may not be academically qualified, while others believe that it is not fair for someone who has a background of poverty.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The public spending on schools in China has been uneven due to insufficient investment in education.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This condition is in favor of urban schools and it is promoted by past policies such as the mandate for rural public schools to have a higher student-to-teacher ratio.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The inequality of resources is exacerbated by the way public schools in urban areas enjoy more support since local governments have more developed economies. Aside from the disparity between urban and rural public schools, there was also the dichotomized system adopted since 1978, which divided schools into two groups: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_China#Key_schools" title="Education in China">key schools</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh-Latn">zhongdianxiao</i></span>) and non-key schools (<span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh-Latn">putongxiao</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Key schools receive more funding due to the goal of developing first-class education in a limited number of schools in a short period of time.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The key school system was canceled by the 2006 amendment to the Compulsory Education Law, along with the introduction of reforms that address education inequality.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hong_Kong">Hong Kong</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Hong Kong"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Hong_Kong#School_types" title="Education in Hong Kong">Education in Hong Kong § School types</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> the term <i>government schools</i> is used for free schools funded by the government. There are also subsidised schools, which are the majority in Hong Kong and many of which are run by religious organisations, <a href="/wiki/Direct_Subsidy_Scheme" title="Direct Subsidy Scheme">Direct Subsidy Scheme</a> schools, private schools and international schools in Hong Kong. Some schools are international schools, which are not subsidised by the government. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="India">India</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_India" title="Education in India">Education in India</a></div> <p>During British rule, a number of state higher education establishments were set up (such as Universities in <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>), but little was done by the British in terms of primary and secondary schooling. Other indigenous forms of education are being revived in various ways across India. According to current estimates, 80% of all Indian schools are government schools<sup id="cite_ref-manabadi_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manabadi-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making the government the major provider of education. However, because of the poor quality of public education, 27% of Indian children are privately educated. According to some research, private schools often provide superior educational results at a fraction of the unit cost of government schools.<sup id="cite_ref-creaking_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-creaking-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The teacher to student ratio is usually much lower in private schools than in the government ones, creating more competitive students. Education in India is provided by the <a href="/wiki/Public_sector" title="Public sector">public sector</a> as well as the private sector, with control and funding coming from three levels: federal, state, and local. The Nalanda University was the oldest university-system of education in the world. Western education became ingrained into Indian society with the establishment of the British Raj. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Indonesia">Indonesia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Indonesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Indonesia" title="Education in Indonesia">Education in Indonesia</a></div> <p>Education in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> is overseen by two government ministries: the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_and_Culture_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Education and Culture (Indonesia)">Ministry of Education and Culture</a> for all education matters up to the tertiary education, and the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Religious_Affairs_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia)">Ministry of Religious Affairs</a> for Islamic school matters up to the tertiary education. Education may be obtained from state schools, <a href="/wiki/Private_school" title="Private school">private schools</a>, or through <a href="/wiki/Homeschooling" title="Homeschooling">homeschooling</a>. There is a 12-year <a href="/wiki/Compulsory_education" title="Compulsory education">compulsory education</a> program from the government. The Indonesian educational system is divided into three stages: </p> <ul><li>primary education (<span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">pendidikan dasar</i></span>);</li> <li>secondary education (<span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">pendidikan menengah</i></span>);</li> <li>tertiary education (<span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">perguruan tinggi</i></span>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Japan">Japan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Japan" title="Education in Japan">Education in Japan</a></div> <p>Most students attend public schools through the lower secondary level, but private education is popular at the upper secondary and university levels. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_Korea">South Korea</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: South Korea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_South_Korea" title="Education in South Korea">Education in South Korea</a></div> <p>The first public education system on record was put in place during the Koryo Dynasty. The national school system was put in place under Hak-Je (<a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">학제</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">學制</span></span>; <abbr title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> Education Policy) enacted by King Seong Jong, which was modelled after the public education systems of the Song and Tang Dynasties in China. Hak-Je involved operating national universities, called <a href="/wiki/Gukjagam" title="Gukjagam">Gukjagam</a> in the capital and called HyangAk in other regions. In King SeongJong Year 6, 987 A.D., a pair of a medical doctor and a scholarly doctor were appointed to administer academic systems and curriculums at Hyang-Ak: scholarly education included subjects of geography, history, math, law, and others. In King SeongJong Year 11, 992 A.D., the first known national public schools called Ju-Hak (<a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">주학</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">州學</span></span>) were opened in each Ju and Gun, states and counties, to improve nationwide academic performances. </p><p>After the ceasefire agreement for the civil war was declared, north and south states of Korea established their own education system. In <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>, education in public schools (1–12) is compulsory with the exception of kindergarten. All aspects of public education are the responsibility of the Ministry of Education, which executes administration of schools, allocation of funding, certification of teachers and schools, and curriculum development with standardised textbooks across the country. In 2000, South Korea spent 4.2% of its GDP in education. As of the 2007 United Nations Education Index, South Korea was ranked eighth in the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Malaysia">Malaysia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Malaysia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Smjkchiomin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Smjkchiomin.jpg/220px-Smjkchiomin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Smjkchiomin.jpg/330px-Smjkchiomin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Smjkchiomin.jpg/440px-Smjkchiomin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="440" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chio_Min_Secondary_School" title="Chio Min Secondary School">Chio Min Secondary School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kulim" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulim">Kulim</a>, Malaysia</figcaption></figure> <p>Education in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> is overseen by two government ministries: the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(Malaysia)" title="Ministry of Education (Malaysia)">Ministry of Education</a> for matters up to the secondary level, and the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Higher_Education_(Malaysia)" title="Ministry of Higher Education (Malaysia)">Ministry of Higher Education</a> for tertiary education. Although education is the responsibility of the federal government, each <a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">state</a> has an Education Department to help co-ordinate educational matters in their respective states. The main legislation governing education is the Education Act of 1996. Education may be obtained from government-sponsored schools, <a href="/wiki/Private_school" title="Private school">private schools</a>, or through <a href="/wiki/Homeschooling" title="Homeschooling">homeschooling</a>. By law, <a href="/wiki/Primary_education" title="Primary education">primary education</a> is <a href="/wiki/Compulsory_education" title="Compulsory education">compulsory</a>. As in other Asian countries such as Singapore and China, <a href="/wiki/Standardised_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Standardised test">standardised tests</a> are a common feature. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Philippines">Philippines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Philippines" title="Education in the Philippines">Education in the Philippines</a></div> <p>Philippines has had a <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Philippines_during_Spanish_rule" title="Education in the Philippines during Spanish rule">public education</a> system since 1863 and is the oldest in Asia. It was created during the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Philippines">Spanish colonization</a> of the islands and mandated the establishment of a school for boys and a school for girls in every municipality. The modern public schools in the Philippines are run by the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Education_(Philippines)" title="Department of Education (Philippines)">Department of Education</a>. Some public schools collect miscellaneous school fees to fund school extra-curricular activities or to improve school equipment and services. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sri_Lanka">Sri Lanka</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sri Lanka"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Education in Sri Lanka">Education in Sri Lanka</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_College_Colombo_main_building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Royal_College_Colombo_main_building.jpg/220px-Royal_College_Colombo_main_building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Royal_College_Colombo_main_building.jpg/330px-Royal_College_Colombo_main_building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Royal_College_Colombo_main_building.jpg/440px-Royal_College_Colombo_main_building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Royal_College,_Colombo" title="Royal College, Colombo">Royal College, Colombo</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Most of the schools in <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> are maintained by the government as a part of the free education. With the establishment of the provincial council system in the 1980s the central government handed control of most schools to local governments. However the old schools which had been around since the colonial times were retained by the central government, thus creating three types of government schools: National Schools, Provincial Schools, and Piriven. </p><p>National Schools come under the direct control of the Ministry of Education therefore have direct funding from the ministry. Provincial Schools consists of the vast majority of schools in Sri Lanka which are funded and controlled by the local governments. Piriven are monastic college (similar to a seminary) for the education of Buddhist priests. These have been the centres of secondary and higher education in ancient times for lay people as well. Today these are funded and maintained by the Ministry of Education. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Denmark">Denmark</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Denmark"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Denmark" title="Education in Denmark">Education in Denmark</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Danish</a> school system is supported today by tax-based <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">governmental</a> and <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Denmark" title="Municipalities of Denmark">municipal</a> funding from <a href="/wiki/Danish_pre-school_education" title="Danish pre-school education">day care</a> through primary and <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education_in_Denmark" title="Secondary education in Denmark">secondary education</a> to <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Denmark#Post-secondary_education" title="Education in Denmark">higher education</a> and there are no <a href="/wiki/Tuition_payments" title="Tuition payments">tuition fees</a> for regular students in public schools and <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities and colleges in Denmark">universities</a>. The Danish public <a href="/wiki/Primary_school" title="Primary school">primary schools</a>, covering the entire period of compulsory education, are called <i><a href="/wiki/Danish_Folkeskole_Education" title="Danish Folkeskole Education">folkeskoler</a></i> (literally 'people's schools' or 'public schools'). The <span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">folkeskole</i></span> consists of a pre-school class (mandatory since 2009), the 9-year obligatory course and a voluntary 11th year. It thus caters for pupils aged 6 to 17. It is also possible for parents to send their children to various kinds of <a href="/wiki/Private_school" title="Private school">private schools</a>. These schools also receive government funding, although they are not public. In addition to this funding, these schools may charge a fee from the parents. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="England">England</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_England" title="Education in England">Education in England</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hockley_Heath_Academy_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4314258.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Hockley_Heath_Academy_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4314258.jpg/220px-Hockley_Heath_Academy_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4314258.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Hockley_Heath_Academy_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4314258.jpg/330px-Hockley_Heath_Academy_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4314258.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Hockley_Heath_Academy_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4314258.jpg/440px-Hockley_Heath_Academy_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4314258.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="851" /></a><figcaption>Hockley Heath Academy in <a href="/wiki/Hockley_Heath" title="Hockley Heath">Hockley Heath</a>, a mixed primary school with academy status</figcaption></figure> <p>England has a strong state-funded school system. There are a number of categories of English state-funded schools including <a href="/wiki/Academy_(English_school)" title="Academy (English school)">academy schools</a>, <a href="/wiki/Community_school_(England_and_Wales)" title="Community school (England and Wales)">community schools</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faith_school" title="Faith school">faith schools</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foundation_school" title="Foundation school">foundation schools</a>, <a href="/wiki/Free_schools_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Free schools in England">free schools</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grammar_school" title="Grammar school">grammar schools</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maths_school" title="Maths school">maths schools</a>, studio schools, <a href="/wiki/University_technical_college" title="University technical college">university technical colleges</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_state_boarding_schools_in_England" title="List of state boarding schools in England">state boarding schools</a> and <a href="/wiki/City_Technology_College" title="City Technology College">City Technology Colleges</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>About one third of English state-funded schools are <a href="/wiki/Faith_school" title="Faith school">faith schools</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Education_Co_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Education_Co-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i.e. affiliated with religious groups, most often from the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> (approximately 2/3 of faith schools), or the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> (around 3/10). There are also schools affiliated to other Christian churches; in 2011, there were 42 Jewish, 12 Muslim, 3 Sikh and 1 Hindu faith schools.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCDec2011_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCDec2011-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These <a href="/wiki/Faith_school" title="Faith school">faith schools</a> include sub-categories such as faith-<a href="/wiki/Academy_(English_school)" title="Academy (English school)">academy schools</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voluntary_aided_school" title="Voluntary aided school">voluntary aided schools</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Voluntary_controlled_school" title="Voluntary controlled school">voluntary controlled schools</a>: most voluntary controlled schools are faith schools. </p><p> All of these are funded through national and local taxation. All state-funded schools in England are required to follow the <a href="/wiki/National_Curriculum_for_England" title="National Curriculum for England">National Curriculum</a>, which is made up of twelve subjects.<sup id="cite_ref-teachernet_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teachernet-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Every state school must offer a curriculum which is balanced and broadly based and which promotes the spiritual, moral, cultural, mental and physical development of pupils at the school and of society, and prepares pupils at the school for the opportunities, responsibilities and experiences of later life.<sup id="cite_ref-key_stages_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-key_stages-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chulmleigh_College.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Chulmleigh_College.jpg/220px-Chulmleigh_College.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Chulmleigh_College.jpg/330px-Chulmleigh_College.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Chulmleigh_College.jpg/440px-Chulmleigh_College.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="598" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chulmleigh_College" title="Chulmleigh College">Chulmleigh College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chulmleigh" title="Chulmleigh">Chulmleigh</a>, a mixed coeducational secondary state school with academy status</figcaption></figure> <p>For each of the statutory curriculum subjects, the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Education" title="Secretary of State for Education">Secretary of State for Education</a> is required to set out a Programme of Study which outlines the content and matters which must be taught in those subjects at the relevant Key Stages.<sup id="cite_ref-EAct2002_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EAct2002-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Teachers should set high expectations for every pupil. They should plan stretching work for pupils whose attainment is significantly above the expected standard. Teachers should use appropriate assessment to set targets which are deliberately ambitious.<sup id="cite_ref-key_stages_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-key_stages-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A high number of state-funded secondary schools are <a href="/wiki/Specialist_school" title="Specialist school">specialist schools</a>, receiving extra funding to develop one or more subjects in which the school specialises, such as <a href="/wiki/Cirencester_Deer_Park_School" title="Cirencester Deer Park School">Cirencester Deer Park School</a> which currently has 5 specialisms. State schools may request payment from parents for <a href="/wiki/Extracurricular_activity" title="Extracurricular activity">extracurricular activities</a> such as swimming lessons and field trips, provided these charges are voluntary. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CHHS_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/CHHS_2018.jpg/220px-CHHS_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/CHHS_2018.jpg/330px-CHHS_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/CHHS_2018.jpg/440px-CHHS_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cheadle_Hulme_High_School" title="Cheadle Hulme High School">Cheadle Hulme High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cheadle_Hulme" title="Cheadle Hulme">Cheadle Hulme</a>, an 11–18 mixed coeducational secondary school with academy status</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_school_(England_and_Wales)" title="Comprehensive school (England and Wales)">Comprehensive schools</a> typically describe <a href="/wiki/Secondary_school" title="Secondary school">secondary schools</a> for pupils aged approximately 11–18, that do not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude, in contrast to a <a href="/wiki/Selective_school" title="Selective school">selective school</a> system where admission is restricted on the basis of selection criteria, usually academic performance. The term is commonly used in relation to England and Wales, where comprehensive schools were introduced as state schools on an experimental basis in the 1940s and became more widespread from 1965. About 90% of English secondary school pupils attend a comprehensive state school. Comprehensive schools provide an <a href="/wiki/National_Curriculum_for_England" title="National Curriculum for England">entitlement curriculum</a> to all children, without selection whether due to financial considerations or attainment. A consequence of that is a wider ranging curriculum, including practical subjects such as <a href="/wiki/Design_and_Technology" title="Design and Technology">design and technology</a> and vocational learning. </p><p> Technical education in state schools are introduced during the secondary school years and goes on into further education (FE) and higher education (HE). Further education incorporates vocational oriented education as well as a combination of general secondary education. Students can also go on to a <a href="/wiki/Further_Education_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Further Education College">further education college</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sixth_form" title="Sixth form">sixth form college</a> to prepare themselves for a wide range of apprenticeships and study. Major provider of vocational qualifications include the <a href="/wiki/Business_and_Technology_Education_Council" title="Business and Technology Education Council">Business and Technology Education Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/City_and_Guilds_of_London_Institute" title="City and Guilds of London Institute">City and Guilds of London Institute</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edexcel" title="Edexcel">Edexcel</a>. <a href="/wiki/Higher_National_Certificate" title="Higher National Certificate">Higher National Certificates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Higher_National_Diploma" title="Higher National Diploma">Higher National Diplomas</a> typically require 1 and 2 years of full-time study and credit from either HNE or Diplomas can be transferred toward an undergraduate degree. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bishop-vesey-7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bishop-vesey-7.jpg/220px-Bishop-vesey-7.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bishop-vesey-7.jpg/330px-Bishop-vesey-7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bishop-vesey-7.jpg/440px-Bishop-vesey-7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Vesey%27s_Grammar_School" title="Bishop Vesey's Grammar School">Bishop Vesey's Grammar School</a> is a selective <a href="/wiki/Grammar_school" title="Grammar school">grammar school</a> with <a href="/wiki/Academy_(English_school)" title="Academy (English school)">academy status</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sutton_Coldfield" title="Sutton Coldfield">Sutton Coldfield</a>. Founded in 1527, it is one of the oldest schools in Britain.</figcaption></figure><p>Along with the HNC and HND, students who are interested in other vocational qualifications may pursue a <a href="/wiki/Foundation_degree" title="Foundation degree">foundation degree</a>, which is a qualification that trains students to be highly skilled technicians. The <a href="/wiki/National_Apprenticeship_Service" title="National Apprenticeship Service">National Apprenticeship Service</a> also offers vocational education where people at ages of 16 and older enter <a href="/wiki/Apprenticeship" title="Apprenticeship">apprenticeships</a> in order to learn a <a href="/wiki/Tradesman" class="mw-redirect" title="Tradesman">skilled trade</a>. There are over 60 different certifications can be obtained through an apprenticeship, which typically lasts from to 3 years. Trades apprentices receive paid wages during training and spend one day at school and the rest in the workplace to hone their skills. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Grammar_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammar schools">Grammar schools</a> may be run by the <a href="/wiki/Local_government" title="Local government">local authority</a>, a foundation body or an academy trust. They select their pupils based on academic ability.<sup id="cite_ref-Types_of_school_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Types_of_school-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original purpose of <a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">medieval</a> grammar schools was the teaching of Latin. Over time the <a href="/wiki/Curriculum" title="Curriculum">curriculum</a> was broadened, first to include <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a>, and later English and other European languages, natural sciences, mathematics, history, geography, art and other subjects. In some localities children can enter a <a href="/wiki/Grammar_school" title="Grammar school">grammar school</a> if they pass the <a href="/wiki/Eleven_plus_exam" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleven plus exam">eleven plus exam</a>; there are also a number of isolated fully selective grammar schools and a few dozen <a href="/wiki/Partially_selective_school_(England)" title="Partially selective school (England)">partially selective schools</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The oldest state school in England is <a href="/wiki/Beverley_Grammar_School" title="Beverley Grammar School">Beverley Grammar School</a>, which was founded in 700 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="France">France</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education_in_France" title="Secondary education in France">Secondary education in France</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Montpellier_PetitBard_Ecole.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Montpellier_PetitBard_Ecole.JPG/220px-Montpellier_PetitBard_Ecole.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Montpellier_PetitBard_Ecole.JPG/330px-Montpellier_PetitBard_Ecole.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Montpellier_PetitBard_Ecole.JPG/440px-Montpellier_PetitBard_Ecole.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Ecole Elementaire Joseph Delteil in <a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a>, France</figcaption></figure> <p>The French educational system is highly centralised, organised, and ramified. It is divided into three stages: </p> <ol><li>primary education (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">enseignement primaire</i></span>);</li> <li>secondary education (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">enseignement secondaire</i></span>);</li> <li>tertiary or college education (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">enseignement supérieur</i></span>)</li></ol> <p>Schooling in France is mandatory as of age three. Primary education takes place in <a href="/wiki/Kindergarten" title="Kindergarten">kindergarten</a> (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">école maternelle</i></span>) for children from 3 to 6 and (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">école élémentaire</i></span>) from 6 to 11. For public schools, both schools building and administrative staff are managed by the borough's (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">commune</i></span>) while professors are (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Education nationale</i></span>) civil servants. Some children even start earlier at age two in <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">pré-maternelle</i></span> or <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">garderie</i></span> class, which is essentially a <a href="/wiki/Day_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Day care">daycare</a> facility. </p><p>French secondary education is divided into two schools: </p> <ol><li>the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">collège</i></span> for the first four years directly following <a href="/wiki/Primary_school" title="Primary school">primary school</a>;</li> <li>the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">lycée</i></span> for the next three years.</li></ol> <p>The completion of secondary studies leads to the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">baccalauréat</i></span>. The <i><a href="/wiki/Baccalaur%C3%A9at" title="Baccalauréat">baccalauréat</a></i> (also known as <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">bac</i></span>) is the end-of-<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">lycée</i></span> diploma students sit for in order to enter <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">university</a>, a <i><a href="/wiki/Classe_pr%C3%A9paratoire_aux_grandes_%C3%A9coles" title="Classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles">Classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles</a></i>, or professional life. The term <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">baccalauréat</i></span> refers to the diploma and the examinations themselves. It is comparable to British <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Level_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Level (UK)">A-Levels</a>, American <a href="/wiki/SAT" title="SAT">SATs</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Leaving_Certificate" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Leaving Certificate">Irish Leaving Certificate</a> and German <a href="/wiki/Abitur" title="Abitur">Abitur</a>. </p><p>Most students sit for the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">baccalauréat général</i></span> which is divided into three streams of study, called <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">séries</i></span>. The <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">série scientifique</i></span> (S) is concerned with <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_science" title="Natural science">natural sciences</a>, the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">série économique et sociale</i></span> (ES) with <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_science" title="Social science">social sciences</a>, and the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">série littéraire</i></span> (L) focuses on <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> and <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">foreign languages</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>. </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Grandes_%C3%A9coles" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandes écoles">Grandes écoles</a></i> of France are higher education establishments outside the mainstream framework of the public <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">universities</a>. They are generally focused on a single subject area, such as <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a>, have a moderate size, and are often quite (sometimes extremely) selective in their admission of students. They are widely regarded as prestigious, and traditionally have produced most of France's scientists and <a href="/wiki/Corporate_title" title="Corporate title">executives</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Germany">Germany</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Germany" title="Education in Germany">Education in Germany</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Osterholzschule.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Osterholzschule.jpg/220px-Osterholzschule.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Osterholzschule.jpg/330px-Osterholzschule.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Osterholzschule.jpg/440px-Osterholzschule.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Osterholzschule, a state school in <a href="/wiki/Ludwigsburg" title="Ludwigsburg">Ludwigsburg</a>, Germany</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PIR_Goethe-Schule_(01)_2005-09.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/PIR_Goethe-Schule_%2801%29_2005-09.JPG/240px-PIR_Goethe-Schule_%2801%29_2005-09.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/PIR_Goethe-Schule_%2801%29_2005-09.JPG/360px-PIR_Goethe-Schule_%2801%29_2005-09.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/PIR_Goethe-Schule_%2801%29_2005-09.JPG/480px-PIR_Goethe-Schule_%2801%29_2005-09.JPG 2x" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="579" /></a><figcaption>A German school named after <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Johann Wolfgang von Goethe</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pirna" title="Pirna">Pirna</a>, Germany</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LLGEing1994.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/LLGEing1994.jpg/240px-LLGEing1994.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/LLGEing1994.jpg/360px-LLGEing1994.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/LLGEing1994.jpg/480px-LLGEing1994.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Landrat-Lucas in <a href="/wiki/Leverkusen" title="Leverkusen">Leverkusen</a>, one of the more modern German state schools</figcaption></figure> <p>Education in Germany is provided to a large extent by the government, with control coming from state level, <i>(<a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">Länder</a>)</i> and funding coming from two levels: federal and state. Curricula, funding, teaching, and other policies are set through the respective state's <a href="/wiki/Ministry_(government_department)" title="Ministry (government department)">ministry</a> of education. Decisions about the acknowledgment of private schools (the German equivalent to accreditation in the US) are also made by these ministries. However, public schools are automatically recognised, since these schools are supervised directly by the ministry of education bureaucracy. </p><p>Although the first kindergarten in the world was opened in 1840 by <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Fr%C3%B6bel" title="Friedrich Fröbel">Friedrich Wilhelm August Fröbel</a> in the German town of <a href="/wiki/Bad_Blankenburg" title="Bad Blankenburg">Bad Blankenburg</a>, and the term kindergarten is even a <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanword</a> from the <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German language</a>, they are not part of the German school system. Article 7 Paragraph 6 of the German constitution (the <i><a href="/wiki/Basic_Law_for_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany">Grundgesetz</a></i>) abolished pre-school as part of the German school system. However, virtually all German kindergartens are public. They are either directly run by municipal governments, or contracted out, most often, to the two largest <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> churches in Germany. These municipal kindergartens are financed by taxes and progressive income-based customer fees, but are not considered part of the public school system. </p><p>A German public school does not charge tuition fees. The first stage of the German public school system is the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grundschule</i></span> (primary school – 1st to 4th grade or, in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a>, 1st to 6th grade) After <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grundschule</i></span> (at 10 or 12 years of age), there are four secondary schooling options: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hauptschule" title="Hauptschule">Hauptschule</a></i> (the least academic, much like a modernised <i><a href="/wiki/Volksschule" title="Volksschule">Volksschule</a></i>) until 9th or, in Berlin and <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>, until 10th grade. The students attending those types of school may be awarded the <i><a href="/wiki/Hauptschulabschluss" title="Hauptschulabschluss">Hauptschulabschluss</a></i> (school-leaving certificate) or in some cases also the <i><a href="/wiki/Mittlere_Reife" title="Mittlere Reife">Mittlere Reife</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Realschule" class="mw-redirect" title="Realschule">Realschule</a></i> (formerly <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Mittelschule</i></span>) until 10th grade, usually awards the <i><a href="/wiki/Mittlere_Reife" title="Mittlere Reife">Mittlere Reife</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_(school)" title="Gymnasium (school)">Gymnasium</a></i> (high school) until 12th grade or 13th grade, with <a href="/wiki/Abitur" title="Abitur">Abitur</a> as exit exam, qualifying for admission to university.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_school" title="Comprehensive school">Gesamtschule</a></i> (comprehensive school) with all the options of the three "tracks" above.</li></ul> <p>A <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Gesamtschule</i></span> largely corresponds to an American high school. However, it offers the same school leaving certificates as the other three types of German secondary schools: the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Hauptschulabschluss</i></span> school leaving certificate of a <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Hauptschule</i></span> after 9th grade or in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a> after 10th grade, the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Realschulabschluss</i></span>, also called <a href="/wiki/Mittlere_Reife" title="Mittlere Reife">Mittlere Reife</a> (school-leaving certificate of a <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Realschule</i></span> after 10th grade, and <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Abitur</i></span>, also called <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Hochschulreife</i></span>, after 13th or seldom after 12th grade. Students who graduate from <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Hauptschule</i></span> or <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Realschule</i></span> continue their schooling at a vocational school until they have full job qualifications. </p><p>This type of German school, the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Berufsschule</i></span>, is generally an upper-secondary public vocational school, controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Germany">German federal government</a>. It is part of <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Dual_education_system" title="Dual education system">dual education system</a>. Students who graduate from a vocational school and students who graduate with good <a href="/wiki/Grading_in_education" title="Grading in education">GPA</a> from a <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Realschule</i></span> can continue their schooling at another type of German public secondary school, the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Fachoberschule</i></span>, a vocational high school. The school leaving exam of this type of school, the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Fachhochschulreife</i></span>, enables the graduate to start studying at a <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Fachhochschule" title="Fachhochschule">Fachhochschule</a></i></span> (polytechnic), and in <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a> also at a university within the state. The <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Abitur</i></span> from a <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Gesamtschule</i></span> or <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Gymnasium</i></span> enables the graduate to start studying at a polytechnic or at a university in all states of Germany. </p><p>A number of schools for mature students exists. Schools such as the <a href="/wiki/Abendrealschule" title="Abendrealschule">Abendrealschule</a> serve students that are headed for the <a href="/wiki/Mittlere_Reife" title="Mittlere Reife">Mittlere Reife</a>. Schools such as the <a href="/wiki/Aufbaugymnasium" title="Aufbaugymnasium">Aufbaugymnasium</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Abendgymnasium" title="Abendgymnasium">Abendgymnasium</a> prepare students for college and finish with the <a href="/wiki/Abitur" title="Abitur">Abitur</a>. These schools are usually free of charge. In Germany, most institutions of higher education are subsidised by German states and are therefore also referred to as <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">staatliche Hochschulen</i></span> (public universities) In most German states, admission to public universities is still cheap, about two hundred Euro per semester. In 2005, many states introduced additional fees of 500 Euro per semester to achieve a better teaching-quality. Additional fees for guest or graduate students are charged by many universities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ireland">Ireland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Education in the Republic of Ireland">Education in the Republic of Ireland</a></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a>, post-primary education comprises secondary, community and comprehensive schools, as well as community colleges (formerly vocational schools). Most secondary schools are publicly funded, and regulated by the state, but privately owned and managed. Community colleges are state-established and administered by Education and Training Boards (ETBs), while community and comprehensive schools are managed by Boards of Management of differing compositions.<sup id="cite_ref-education.ie_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-education.ie-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Privately owned and managed secondary schools receive a direct grant from the state, and are subdivided into fee-paying and non fee-paying schools. The vast majority of these schools are operated by religious organisations, primarily the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Ireland" title="Church of Ireland">Church of Ireland</a>. The charging of fees is a decision of the individual school. The Irish constitution requires the state to "endeavour to supplement and give reasonable aid to private and corporate educational initiative, and, when the public good requires it, provide other educational facilities or institutions with due regard, however, for the rights of parents, especially in the matter of religious and moral formation."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In practice, most people are educated by Catholic institutions as there are few alternatives in much of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Non fee-paying secondary schools are usually considered to be public or state schools, while private school and fee-paying schools are considered synonymous. This is colloquial and not technically accurate. </p><p>All schools which are provided for by the state, including privately run and fee-paying secondary schools, teach the national curriculum. All students are expected to take the standardised Junior Certificate examination after three years.<sup id="cite_ref-education.ie_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-education.ie-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An optional non-academic Transition Year is provided by most but not all secondary schools immediately following the Junior Certificate.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Students subsequently take one of three leaving-certificate programmes: the traditional Leaving Certificate, the Leaving Certificate Vocational Programme (LCVP) or the Leaving Certificate Applied (LCA).<sup id="cite_ref-education.ie_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-education.ie-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vast majority of secondary school students take the traditional Leaving Certificate. Both the traditional Leaving Certificate and the Leaving Certificate Vocational Programme can lead to third-level education, with LCVP more focused on practical skills. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Italy">Italy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Italy" title="Education in Italy">Education in Italy</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, a state school system or education system has existed since 1859, two years before <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">Italian unification</a>). Italy has a long history of universities: founded in 1088, the University of Bologna is the oldest university in the world and 5 out of 10 of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_universities_in_continuous_operation" title="List of oldest universities in continuous operation">oldest universities</a> are currently based in Italy. </p><p>The Italian school system is divided into three grades: </p> <ol><li>Primary education (non-compulsory nursery school and elementary school)</li> <li>Secondary education (first grade (11–14) and second grade (14–19))</li> <li>Higher education (university (19+))</li></ol> <p>In Italy, there are three different types of schools and upper education: </p> <ul><li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Pubbliche</i></span> – public/state-owned school: completely free of charge for the entire compulsory school (until the age of 16). After that, for the last two years of high school, students have to pay a tax of €15.13/year.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Public university is free of charge for lower income students and increases based on income. Each university chooses the maximum amount of tuition based on the student's income.</li> <li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Paritarie</i></span> – privately owned school that has signed an agreement with the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_University_and_Research" title="Ministry of Education, University and Research">MIUR</a> and that are included in the (Italian) National Education System. The government provides a specific grant for each student. Students usually have to pay a high fee for each year at the school. <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Paritarie</i></span> schools are considered part of the educational system and students of those schools receive the same type of diploma and can access the same support (local school government) as the state-owned schools.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Non Paritarie</i></span> – privately owned school not included in the National Education System. They do not receive government funds and students have to pass the final exams in a public or <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">paritarie</i></span> school in order to get a diploma.</li></ul> <p>Differently from other countries, in the Italian educational system, public schools statistically give students a better preparation compared to <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">paritarie</i></span> and private schools.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Netherlands">The Netherlands</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: The Netherlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Netherlands" title="Education in the Netherlands">Education in the Netherlands</a></div> <p>Public, special (religious), and general-special (neutral) schools are government-financed, receiving equal financial support from the government if certain criteria are met. Although they are officially free of charge, these schools may ask for a parental contribution. Private schools rely on their own funds, but they are highly uncommon in the Netherlands. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Romania">Romania</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Romania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Romania" title="Education in Romania">Education in Romania</a></div> <p>All schools up to <a href="/wiki/High_school" class="mw-redirect" title="High school">high school</a> are publicly funded in Romania and regulated by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Education_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of National Education (Romania)">Ministry of National Education</a>. Higher education like universities may be state sponsored under certain conditions (family income and school performance). Although there are private schools in Romania, they are not a popular choice since the quality of education is on par with the public schools. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Russia">Russia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Russia" title="Education in Russia">Education in Russia</a></div> <p>Education in Russia is provided predominantly by the state and is regulated by the Ministry of Education and Science. Regional authorities regulate education within their jurisdictions within the prevailing framework of federal laws. Russia's expenditure on education has grown from 2.7% of the GDP in 2005 to 3.8% in 2013, but remains below the OECD average of 5.2%. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Spain">Spain</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Spain" title="Education in Spain">Education in Spain</a></div> <p>Primary Education (EP) and Compulsory Secondary Education (ESO) make up Spain's Basic Education. These two stages of education are compulsory and free of charge for everyone. Generally they comprise ten years of schooling, normally between the ages of 5 and 16. Once the compulsory stages have been passed, it is possible to opt for the Bachillerato (similar to the Baccalaureate or A-levels), aimed at gaining access to university-level education. Alternatively, it is possible to opt for Professional Training or Higher-level Training Cycles (FP). </p><p>Education in Spain is currently regulated by the Ley Orgánica de Educación (LOE) of 2006, as amended by the Ley Orgánica por la que se modifica la LOE de 2006 (LOMLOE) of 2020. Education is a universal right and a duty in Spain. Therefore, it is compulsory, free and guaranteed for 100% of the population up to the age of 16. From that stage, there are a number of options available, some of them partially government-funded. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sweden">Sweden</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Sweden"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Sweden" title="Education in Sweden">Education in Sweden</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, state schools are funded by tax money. This goes for both primary schools (Swedish: <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">grundskola</i></span>), and secondary school (Swedish: <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">gymnasium</i></span>) and universities. When studying at a university, however, students might have to pay for accommodation and literature. There are private schools as well which also receive funding from the government, but they may charge a fee from the parents. </p><p>Compulsory education starts at six years of age, starting in <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">förskola</i></span> (pre-school). The Swedish primary school is split into three parts; <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">lågstadiet</i></span> – 'the low stage', which covers grades 1 to 3. Students learn the basics of the three core subjects, called <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">kärnämnen</i></span> in Swedish: Swedish, English and mathematics. It also includes some natural science. <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">Mellanstadiet</i></span>, 'the middle stage', which covers grades 4 to 6, introduces the children to more detailed subjects. <a href="/wiki/Woodworking" title="Woodworking">Woodwork</a> and <a href="/wiki/Needlework" title="Needlework">needlework</a>, social and domestic science, and even a second, foreign language in grade 6, a <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">B-språk</i></span> (B-language). The languages available are usually <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> or <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> depending on the school. <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">Högstadiet</i></span>, 'the high stage', is the last stage of compulsory education, between grades 7 and 9. This is when studies get more in-depth and are taken to an international level. </p><p>Swedish children take national exams at grades 3, 6 and 9. Children at grade 3 take these exams in two of the three main subjects: <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>. In grade 6 the exams extend to the third main subject, English, and in grade 9 the exams also extend to one of the subjects in <a href="/wiki/Natural_science" title="Natural science">natural sciences</a>, and one of the four subjects in <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">samhällsorientering</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geography</a>, <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religious_studies" title="Religious studies">religious studies</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Civics" title="Civics">civics</a>). They first receive grades in grade 6. The grading system is letter-based, ranging from A–F, where F is the lowest grade and A is the highest. F means "not approved", while all other ratings above F mean "approved". There are only objectives for E, C and A; D means the person has met most but not all objectives for C, while B means the person has met most objectives for A. When applying to <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">gymnasium</i></span> (senior high schools) or universities, a <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">meritvärde</i></span> ('meritous point value') is calculated. E is worth 10 points, D 12.5 points, C 15 points, and so on. Children that are not approved in Swedish, English or mathematics will have to study at a special high school program called the introductory program. Once they are approved, they may apply to an ordinary high school program. Swedes study at high school for three years, between the ages of 16 and 18. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Scotland">Scotland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Scotland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Scotland" title="Education in Scotland">Education in Scotland</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Former_Mearns_St_School_-_geograph.org.uk_-_608264.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Former_Mearns_St_School_-_geograph.org.uk_-_608264.jpg/220px-Former_Mearns_St_School_-_geograph.org.uk_-_608264.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Former_Mearns_St_School_-_geograph.org.uk_-_608264.jpg/330px-Former_Mearns_St_School_-_geograph.org.uk_-_608264.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Former_Mearns_St_School_-_geograph.org.uk_-_608264.jpg/440px-Former_Mearns_St_School_-_geograph.org.uk_-_608264.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="521" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pediment" title="Pediment">Pediment</a> above entrance showing name of Mearns Street Public School in <a href="/wiki/Greenock" title="Greenock">Greenock</a>, Scotland</figcaption></figure> <p>In Scotland, a public school is "a state-controlled school run by the local burgh or county education authority, generally non-fee-paying and supported by contributions from local and national taxation".<sup id="cite_ref-Scottish_National_Dictionary_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scottish_National_Dictionary-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a> was established in 1560, during the <a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a> period, as the official state religion in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>. In the following year, it set out to provide a school in every <a href="/wiki/Parish" title="Parish">parish</a> controlled by the local kirk-session, with education to be provided free to the poor, and the expectation that church pressure would ensure that all children took part. In the year of 1633 the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Scotland" title="Parliament of Scotland">Parliament of Scotland</a> introduced local taxation to fund this provision. Schooling was not free, but the tax support kept fees low, and the church and charity funded poorer students. This had considerable success, but by the late 18th century the physical extent of some parishes and population growth in others led to an increasing role for "adventure schools" funded from fees and for schools funded by religious charities, initially <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a>. </p><p>From the early 18th century, reference was made to "the publick school of the paroch".<sup id="cite_ref-Scottish_National_Dictionary_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scottish_National_Dictionary-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> State-administered universal education was introduced earlier in Scotland than in the rest of the United Kingdom, and the designation was incorporated into the name of many of these older publicly run institutions. In 1872, education for all children aged 5 to 13 was made compulsory with "public schools" (in the Scots meaning of schools for the general public) under local school boards. </p><p>An 1872 Act of Parliament declared that schools "under the management of the school board of a parish", and those "under the management of the school board of a burgh", were public schools within the meaning of the Act.<sup id="cite_ref-Scottish_National_Dictionary_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scottish_National_Dictionary-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1872_Act_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1872_Act-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The leaving age was raised to 14 in 1883, and the Leaving Certificate Examination was introduced in 1888 to set national standards for secondary education. School fees were ended in 1890. The <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Education_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Education Department">Scottish Education Department</a> ran the system centrally, with <a href="/wiki/Local_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Local authority">local authorities</a> running the schools with considerable autonomy. In 1999, following devolution from the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a> to the new <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Scottish Parliament</a>, central organisation of education was taken over by departments of the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Executive" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Executive">Scottish Executive</a>, with running the schools coming under <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Scotland" title="Subdivisions of Scotland">unitary authority districts.</a> </p><p>Children in Scottish state schools (or public schools) typically start <a href="/wiki/Primary_school" title="Primary school">primary school</a>, or attend a junior school, aged between four and a half and five and a half depending on when the child's birthday falls. Children born between March and August would start school at the age of five years and those born between September and February start school at age four-and-a-half. Pupils remain at primary school for seven years completing Primary One to Seven. </p><p>Then aged eleven or twelve, pupils start <a href="/wiki/Secondary_school" title="Secondary school">secondary school</a> for a compulsory period of four years, with a final two years thereafter being optional. Pupils take <a href="/wiki/Curriculum_for_Excellence" title="Curriculum for Excellence">National 4 & 5</a> examinations at the age of fifteen/sixteen, sometimes earlier, most often for up to eight subjects. These include compulsory exams in English, <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Foreign_language" title="Foreign language">foreign language</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a> subject and a social subject. It is now a requirement of the Scottish Government that all pupils have two hours of physical education a week. Each school may arrange these compulsory requirements in different combinations. The minimum school leaving age is generally sixteen, after completion of Standard Grade examinations. Pupils who continue their school education after the age of sixteen, may choose to study for <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Qualifications_Authority#National_Qualifications" title="Scottish Qualifications Authority">Access</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intermediate_1" title="Intermediate 1">Intermediate</a> or <a href="/wiki/Higher_(Scottish)" title="Higher (Scottish)">Higher Grade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Higher" title="Advanced Higher">Advanced Higher</a> exams. The <a href="/wiki/Curriculum_for_Excellence" title="Curriculum for Excellence">Curriculum for Excellence</a> was introduced to secondary schools in session 2012/2013. The assessment of pupils' attainment will change, with 'National' qualifications replacing most Standard Grade and Intermediate Grade qualifications.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Scotland_News_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Scotland_News-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oceania">Oceania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Oceania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Australia">Australia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Australia" title="Education in Australia">Education in Australia</a></div> <p>Government schools in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, also known as public or state schools, are free to attend for Australian citizens and permanent residents, whereas <a href="/wiki/Private_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Private schools">private schools</a> charge attendance fees.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They can be divided into two categories: open and <a href="/wiki/Selective_school" title="Selective school">selective schools</a>. The open schools accept all students from their government-defined catchment areas, whereas selective schools admit students based on some specific criteria, e.g. academic merit. As of 2022, Australia has one of the most privatised education systems in the world with more than 30 per cent of primary students and over 40 per cent of secondary students attending private schools, while the OECD average is around 18 per cent<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Regardless of whether a school is part of the government or private systems, they are required to adhere to the same curriculum frameworks of their state or territory. The curriculum framework however provides for some flexibility in the syllabus, so that subjects such as <a href="/wiki/Religious_education" title="Religious education">religious education</a> can be taught. Most school students wear uniforms.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name for a government-funded primary school varies by <a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">state and territory</a>. In <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, the name "public school" is used. In <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>, the name "<a href="/wiki/Queensland_state_schools" title="Queensland state schools">state school</a>" is used. In every other state and territory, the name "primary school" is used. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: New Zealand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_New_Zealand" title="Education in New Zealand">Education in New Zealand</a></div> <p>Both state and <a href="/wiki/State-integrated_school" title="State-integrated school">state-integrated schools</a> are government-funded. The latter are former private schools which are now "integrated" into the state system under the <i>Private Schools Conditional Integration Act 1975</i> "on a basis which will preserve and safeguard the special character of the education provided by them".<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to an <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> report, about 86% of all school-aged children attend state schools and 10% attend state integrated schools.<sup id="cite_ref-OECD_NZ_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OECD_NZ-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The government provides education as a right—it is freely available up to the end of the calendar year following a student's 19th birthday.<sup id="cite_ref-NZ_Education_Act_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZ_Education_Act-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Primary and secondary education is compulsory for students between the ages of 6 and 16, although in practice most children enrol at school on their 5th birthday. Most students start at age 5 and remain in school for the full 13 years.<sup id="cite_ref-OECD_NZ_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OECD_NZ-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While there is overlap in some schools, primary education ends at Year 8 and secondary education at Year 13. In some areas Years 7 and 8 are considered part of intermediate school—a separate school which acts as a bridge between primary and secondary education—leaving primary school to end at Year 6.<sup id="cite_ref-NZ_Education_Act_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZ_Education_Act-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Diploma_icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Diploma_icon.png/28px-Diploma_icon.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Diploma_icon.png/42px-Diploma_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Diploma_icon.png/56px-Diploma_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Education">Education portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_education#By_country" title="Compulsory education">Compulsory education § By country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_Index" title="Education Index">Education Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_education" title="Free education">Free education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">Public university</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Mr. Wheelock's Cure", by Christopher Gleason Clark, published in the July 1998 issue of "The New England Historical and Genealogical Register", July 1998, Volume 152</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDongLi2019" class="citation journal cs1">Dong, Hui; Li, Lulu (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2096531119840854">"School Choice in China: Past, Present, and Future"</a>. <i>ECNU Review of Education</i>. <b>2</b> (1): 95–103. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2096531119840854">10.1177/2096531119840854</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Financial+Review&rft.atitle=Inequalities+baked+into+Australia%27s+education+system&rft.aulast=Hare&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.afr.com%2Fwork-and-careers%2Feducation%2Finequalities-baked-into-australia-s-education-system-20221118-p5bzj8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+school" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130415213947/http://www.immi.gov.au/living-in-australia/settle-in-australia/everyday-life/education/whatforme.htm">"What schooling and training is there for my family and me?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Immigration_and_Citizenship" title="Department of Immigration and Citizenship">Department of Immigration and Citizenship</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.immi.gov.au/living-in-australia/settle-in-australia/everyday-life/education/whatforme.html">the original</a> on April 15, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+schooling+and+training+is+there+for+my+family+and+me%3F&rft.pub=Department+of+Immigration+and+Citizenship&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.immi.gov.au%2Fliving-in-australia%2Fsettle-in-australia%2Feveryday-life%2Feducation%2Fwhatforme.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+school" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1975/0129/latest/DLM437347.html">"Private Schools Conditional Integration Act 1975 No 129 (as at 19 May 2017), Public Act Contents"</a>. <i>www.legislation.govt.nz</i>. New Zealand Parliamentary Counsel Office<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.legislation.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Private+Schools+Conditional+Integration+Act+1975+No+129+%28as+at+19+May+2017%29%2C+Public+Act+Contents&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.govt.nz%2Fact%2Fpublic%2F1975%2F0129%2Flatest%2FDLM437347.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+school" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OECD_NZ-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OECD_NZ_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OECD_NZ_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oecd.org/edu/school/38740175.pdf">"Improving School Leadership: Country background report for New Zealand"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. OECD Directorate for Education. p. 9<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Improving+School+Leadership%3A+Country+background+report+for+New+Zealand&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=OECD+Directorate+for+Education&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Fedu%2Fschool%2F38740175.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+school" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NZ_Education_Act-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NZ_Education_Act_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NZ_Education_Act_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1989/0080/latest/DLM177440.html">"Education Act 1989 No 80 (as at 14 July 2017), Public Act 3 Right to free primary and secondary education"</a>. <i>www.legislation.govt.nz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.legislation.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Education+Act+1989+No+80+%28as+at+14+July+2017%29%2C+Public+Act+3+Right+to+free+primary+and+secondary+education&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.govt.nz%2Fact%2Fpublic%2F1989%2F0080%2Flatest%2FDLM177440.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+school" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_school&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Heller, Frank: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=1505">Lessons from Maine: Education Vouchers for Students since 1873</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cato_Institute" title="Cato Institute">Cato Institute</a>, Sep. 10, 2001.</li> <li>Thattai, Deeptha: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050404221603/http://www.servintfree.net:80/%7Eaidmn-ejournal/publications/2001-11/PublicEducationInTheUnitedStates.html">A History of Public Education in the United States</a>.</li> <li>Michael Pons, NEA: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060209182333/http://www.nea.org:80/vouchers/02voutrack.html">School Vouchers: The Emerging Track Record</a></li> <li>Steve Suitts, Southern Education Foundation. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://southernspaces.org/2008/crisis-new-majority-low-income-students-souths-public-schools">Crisis of a New Majority: Low-Income Students in the South's Public Schools</a>" <i>Southern Spaces</i>. April 16, 2008.</li> <li>Li Yi. 2005. The Structure and Evolution of Chinese Social Stratification. University Press of America. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7618-3331-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7618-3331-5">0-7618-3331-5</a></li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:State_school" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:State school">State school</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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school">College-preparatory school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_institute" title="Collegiate institute">Collegiate institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_school" title="Comprehensive school">Comprehensive school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_high_school" title="Comprehensive high school">Comprehensive high school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuation_high_school" title="Continuation high school">Continuation high school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grammar_school" title="Grammar school">Grammar school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyceum" title="Lyceum">Lyceum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maths_school" title="Maths school">Maths school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_seminary" title="Minor seminary">Minor seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_school" title="Secondary school">Secondary school</a> / High school</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_school" title="Selective school">Selective school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_(school)" title="Gymnasium (school)">Gymnasium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauptschule" title="Hauptschule">Hauptschule</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_form_college" title="Sixth form college">Sixth form college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_school" title="Studio school">Studio school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_technical_college" title="University technical college">University technical college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_school" title="Upper school">Upper school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education" title="Tertiary education">Tertiary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Professional_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional school">Professional school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical school">Technical school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocational_school" title="Vocational school">Vocational school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">Higher</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy" title="Academy">Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College" title="College">College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_college" title="Community college">Community college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">Graduate school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_technology" title="Institute of technology">Institute of technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_college" title="Junior college">Junior college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_arts_college" title="Liberal arts college">Liberal arts college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">Research university</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residential_college" title="Residential college">Residential college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminary" title="Seminary">Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University" title="University">University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_university" title="Collegiate university">Collegiate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_division_college" title="Upper division college">Upper division college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocational_university" title="Vocational university">Vocational university</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Combined</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-through_school" title="All-through school">All-through school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_school" title="Middle school">Middle school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-room_school" title="One-room school">One-room school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranch_school" title="Ranch school">Ranch school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By funding / eligibility</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_(English_school)" title="Academy (English school)">Academy <small>(England)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_school" title="Charter school">Charter school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_day_school" title="Community day school">Community day school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_school" title="Comprehensive school">Comprehensive school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For-profit_education" title="For-profit education">For-profit education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_education" title="Free education">Free education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_school_(England)" title="Free school (England)">Free school <small>(England)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute" title="Institute">Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_school" title="Private school">Private school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_schools_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Private schools in the United Kingdom">UK private school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preparatory_school_(United_Kingdom)" title="Preparatory school (United Kingdom)">preparatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_school_(United_Kingdom)" title="Public school (United Kingdom)">public</a></li></ul></li> <li>University <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">private</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_university" title="International university">international</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_school" title="Selective school">Selective school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separate_school" title="Separate school">Separate school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sink_school" title="Sink school">Sink school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specialist_schools_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Specialist schools in the United Kingdom">Specialist school <small>(United Kingdom)</small></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">State or public school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-integrated_school" title="State-integrated school">State-integrated school <small>(New Zealand)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By style / purpose</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_school" title="Alternative school">Alternative school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_education" title="Democratic education">Democratic education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchistic_free_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchistic free school">Anarchistic free school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudbury_school" title="Sudbury school">Sudbury school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_school" title="International school">International school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnet_school" title="Magnet school">Magnet school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_school" title="Music school">Music school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-sex_education" title="Single-sex education">Single-sex education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specialist_school" title="Specialist school">Specialist school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_school" title="Vocal school">Vocal school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_education" title="Progressive education">Progressive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_school_movement" title="Free school movement">Free school movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_high_school" title="Folk high school">Folk high school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_school" title="Laboratory school">Laboratory school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montessori_education" title="Montessori education">Montessori school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldorf_education" title="Waldorf education">Waldorf school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religious_school" title="Religious school">Religious</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_college" title="Bible college">Bible college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_school" title="Catholic school">Catholic school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_school" title="Christian school">Christian school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_seminary" title="Female seminary">Female seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurukula" title="Gurukula">Gurukula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parochial_school" title="Parochial school">Parochial school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">Madrasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">Yeshiva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boarding_school" title="Boarding school">Boarding school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_school" title="Day school">Day school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distance_education" title="Distance education">Distance education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeschooling" title="Homeschooling">Homeschooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_education" title="Prison education">Prison education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual school">Virtual school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By scope</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College-preparatory_school" title="College-preparatory school">College preparatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compensatory_education" title="Compensatory education">Compensatory education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_education" title="Compulsory education">Compulsory education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuing_education" title="Continuing education">Continuing education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Further_education" title="Further education">Further education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gifted_education" title="Gifted education">Gifted education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Inclusive education">Inclusive education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remedial_education" title="Remedial education">Remedial education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_education" title="Special education">Special education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_higher-learning_institutions" title="Ancient higher-learning institutions">Ancient higher-learning institutions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Platonic_Academy" title="Platonic Academy">Platonic Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyceum_(classical)" title="Lyceum (classical)">Lyceum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastic_school" title="Monastic school">Monastic school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_school" title="Cathedral school">Cathedral school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_university" title="Medieval university">Medieval university</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Schools imposed on<br /><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples" title="Indigenous peoples">indigenous peoples</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Indian_residential_school_system" title="Canadian Indian residential school system">in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_schools" title="Native schools">in New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Bantu_Education" title="Department of Bantu Education">in South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_boarding_schools" title="American Indian boarding schools">in the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Informal or illegal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hedge_school" title="Hedge school">in Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krifo_scholio" title="Krifo scholio">in Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakombenschule" title="Katakombenschule">in South Tyrol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K%E2%80%9312" title="K–12">K–12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_institution" title="Educational institution">Educational institution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/School.svg/16px-School.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/School.svg/24px-School.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/School.svg/32px-School.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Schools" title="Portal:Schools">Schools portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:School_types" title="Category:School types">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" 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class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080794#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080794#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1082942/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85108801">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00566632">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007548556505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10640980">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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