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</nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Grafémica</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artículo en otro idioma. Disponible en 10 idiomas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">10 idiomas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphemik" title="Graphemik (alemán)" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Graphemik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphemics" title="Graphemics (inglés)" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Graphemics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafeemika" title="Grafeemika (estonio)" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Grafeemika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph%C3%A9matique" title="Graphématique (francés)" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Graphématique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafematica" title="Grafematica (italiano)" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Grafematica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="გრაფემიკა (georgiano)" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გრაფემიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphematica" title="Graphematica (latín)" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Graphematica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="es" dir="ltr"><table style="" class="noprint plainlinks ambox ambox-content"> <tbody><tr> <td class="ambox-image" width="40"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Commons-emblem-question_book_orange.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Commons-emblem-question_book_orange.svg/40px-Commons-emblem-question_book_orange.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Commons-emblem-question_book_orange.svg/60px-Commons-emblem-question_book_orange.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Commons-emblem-question_book_orange.svg/80px-Commons-emblem-question_book_orange.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td> <td class="ambox-text"><div class="ambox-text-div"><strong>Este artículo o sección necesita <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VER" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:VER">referencias</a> que aparezcan en una <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FF" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FF">publicación acreditada</a>.</strong> <span class="hide-when-compact"><br /> <span style="font-size: smaller;"><i>Busca fuentes:</i> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Graf%C3%A9mica%22&num=50">«Grafémica»</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22Graf%C3%A9mica%22">noticias</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22Graf%C3%A9mica%22">libros</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Graf%C3%A9mica%22">académico</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://images.google.com/images?safe=off&as_rights=(cc_publicdomain%7ccc_attribute%7ccc_sharealike%7ccc_noncommercial%7ccc_nonderived)&q=%22Graf%C3%A9mica%22">imágenes</a></span></span></span></div><div class="hide-when-compact"><small><div>Este aviso fue puesto el 26 de julio de 2009.</div></small></div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>La <b>grafémica</b> es una disciplina de la <a href="/wiki/Escritura" title="Escritura">teoría de la escritura</a> que estudia el sistema gráfico de una <a href="/wiki/Idioma" title="Idioma">lengua</a> y sus reglas, además se encarga de la identificación e interacción de sus <a href="/wiki/Grafema" title="Grafema">grafemas</a>, sus relaciones formales y su correlación con la estructura <a href="/wiki/Fonolog%C3%ADa" title="Fonología">fonológica</a> que representa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="La_grafémica_y_su_objeto_de_estudio"><span id="La_graf.C3.A9mica_y_su_objeto_de_estudio"></span>La grafémica y su objeto de estudio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graf%C3%A9mica&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar sección: La grafémica y su objeto de estudio"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La grafémica se ocupa de los signos gráficos segmentales, suprasegmentales y adsegmentales. La grafémica, dentro de la <a href="/wiki/Grafonom%C3%ADa" title="Grafonomía">grafonomía</a>, se ocupa de los grafemas como unidades mínimas, que no admiten por tanto divisiones en unidades más básicas. Sería una disciplina análoga a la <a href="/wiki/Fonolog%C3%ADa" title="Fonología">fonología</a> en su estudio de los <a href="/wiki/Fonema" title="Fonema">fonemas</a>. </p><p>Se ocupa de tres sistemas gráficos fundamentales: el subsistema literal, el puntual y el acentual; es decir, <a href="/wiki/Letra" title="Letra">letras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Signo_de_puntuaci%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Signo de puntuación">signos de puntuación</a> y <a href="/wiki/Acento_gr%C3%A1fico" title="Acento gráfico">acentos</a>. </p><p>La grafémica se ha emparentado con la <a href="/wiki/Antropolog%C3%ADa_cultural" title="Antropología cultural">antropología cultural</a>, si bien desde posiciones lingüísticas se ve como plenamente dentro del fenómeno lingüísitico, por estar en relación directa entre el <a href="/wiki/Significado" title="Significado">significado</a> y su escritura. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grafémica_inmanente"><span id="Graf.C3.A9mica_inmanente"></span>Grafémica inmanente</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graf%C3%A9mica&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar sección: Grafémica inmanente"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La grafémica inmanente, en contraste con la grafémica trascendente, estudia los grafemas como unidades mínimas capaces de diferenciar un signo lingüístico gráfico de otro, independientemente del plano oral. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enlaces_externos">Enlaces externos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graf%C3%A9mica&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar sección: Enlaces externos"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.humanidades.uach.cl/documentos_linguisticos/docannexe.php?id=131">Samuel Rodríguez. 1978 . «La Grafémica». 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