CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9150d05c785bfce4',cH: 'rlowN3SWjzhIYK2f6pMveg9_j8LNC2_6_E4thsO9M5I-1740078806-1.2.1.1-bep9Dr333NQZvdKDCz7yjXKal5B2a1edhF_iB2kMqrSy5fvycaEfO_Gk6jtvKMeH',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=mixing%20layer&__cf_chl_tk=C4WhMJ_JAjG3rMb.5Vl43ZA7kXPdV_r6wQ9hq8Ie4XM-1740078806-1.0.1.1-fhYK7ylWGYnLTJKB9aihHQ01hbRf5BrxCH.1h6.Sp50",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740078806',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "unsupported-browser",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=mixing%20layer&__cf_chl_f_tk=C4WhMJ_JAjG3rMb.5Vl43ZA7kXPdV_r6wQ9hq8Ie4XM-1740078806-1.0.1.1-fhYK7ylWGYnLTJKB9aihHQ01hbRf5BrxCH.1h6.Sp50",md: "5gE0jwyWbT4tUy8xmQTG4iPI9bDYfrjOEmPu4PxCGNs-1740078806-1.2.1.1-MPusX2vwohlRjU.kK6EVXFqIRB1GwyIiENRVjD4bU__WVgnH2hC7hQQ3n_7FsxQICgoYZCqQSnuf9e.3EHk.5SzN.1gidVH3aZUvnYHz3h6xO0TrUpcITqHeONq55O1c6kdoEdmIZATShJ.IYMWEZSTdR5yPY3Fh7JXdE.DtLoMX1PCjzjz4WSrjSMr9Sl3SPxLIgwDVvWPTz4jcwLQM.2M0OuuNwtwCW38mLbU8OJnYoO9KqVrLa6o3PmmNpYjh4u9vK4W4RsyWsBx3Crclck0d0hHgKuC.RwhDfUmxHrdQydSSpJQaixybOk5XFam7hIwMr3gqilHnHfPxvUHCzi2AHIn.B1cOx7O8xIuwJYjTLeF.u57.SVQzLHCXpUU8SFRUg3e1f77iqbH.AsrFUjY.7bBZaa44hhJNv7Yguc8I4OBvd0jKonLt8DSdZYocK5v2M5Abk0mbbPDIqdj.0R3FkhnlslI.RIEsbB5WgdRJmhoO9VrRY2S7KwtlCMIQ8NSJHWq_fptWLuDOZrv43bErKO1COQfheirOMK2iCJuNNHIM00sCduX6IVoHH0TzAqG7RDayh5bE11Q6IfADbEa2hqICcozV6yyIpv0T5jb_xl10FYB_REVhECuIsymNxFlBGSIi92tdkDjbmJEOuMskH6EANJSTg1cs2tmxKcN4ojR0iPN_1vQA7bTaq3_yAeKmWibDu7mmDdH9IRacciXOjLX2IMWywjeIdPwkMxLvd9g7EL5Gl4k4fDHh_BNmiWfi.tT.9psNHvDEwsuYaiUMPF7v9PpjnLZPjn5CWD_uTwokl9bhmGq2eseEqdAax1yXG_ZyPC7M_HgGvaWK0njDCyHi94hUHYIMbU8hipDlkiESV46YtwvoqAijzId.Ue4JT.nr4NTFij4b3As1mDG91VxJm3YzIjXnM1_h.d4FO6qR2NdRQGnEOWRDwEn3OvBeZuh0GNPoAcxqfry_sAaaTEAIi.TEVtBmJ6NaaR_OM.ykk2XuTwtNBuGoZOsxTKOU7fWBaRiPJGjSl_Wqa4.wbIBdb48U.0Dvd0t5oMoSj4YN7vqEIQ3AS2.Zq8OLG1jGfvIeG1E5bGp_RKPCggdsmHjqVbflH18YiEH1tPO4p7JoAeHEa_jL3V8G6YSE7JGsmp3hrOcUNGxKJI12IDfeA4OkMHYmnRB66riaUDDt1Dv1b27Uc2UDGqD6a0WTGkYRxLcBGxMVK2WL0sehD92BgpqMk34p8fvPKGg0GfY5LPOyRDNQTsD7aXO_8IRovYwAr0P4sT0sVaE7ljM_7qGik8Cmfyf9bPEfhz718kWhmjae2Y1Nod8xe9_6m3jK9NaVxO2utiIDFEr8vRqhImjjbGLjixiQAhkwTW9pjzohcb52kI.OonGI945NJ67nUdcyfX2YwQHskWMlsLLK0.aJQa1v3DPAi8RhtPUFIamOcIKawcPJduCKneQk1wMKLAvOab8BpTQDREsjSD0aMxyjl6Bs4omV9ie0Ci3xWkwPo_RHp49H3ejBurvXMFa4hsRDyjsJ2RZ0LoggIZWkPX29IduFEIuNydMWr043e.k4mStrviH4_xRpCbu9d2Yi3FeHdhZDsRdMI0BbDnModkX0SZ1xGIgWAmNYxrBBc2FLhsnlcxFt.OrlP.wnian4dfRMk1OQg0p2ia4Zxoss9dWHS6o1tWl.wYWfFNA3B5usI4J8vvCmLm8e4vQ6fWfJn41qb8uxI6xbxndOwz5Mjo9yiMahpsvY0zW6uz5p1fIqVV0g6xUG0kouZkJXTflQDmX5eqMoF6pqa3iL9VvhUAgQd91ThfjLnWJhDyQsOXaVlhyxLMbwBgvWz3OpSeuOI32pZ7fwU.4bQ7abqDDD2rLug8Akv_tKOYu0QyxAZD7hGRIk54DsPHd3MjHsn5EWJgtS7leqp_SMRXekldB7RvF40A6aiwo3kUagxiB3Hj8",mdrd: "SXq.5bdJdeKphMmEsBgPxEd5PIGWO6DevBz.5fCTIlg-1740078806-1.2.1.1-lOje2Vo3Hqs.AtXYtYlHasFvSlz_J6ycXmJ5104Fys6R3fbu9FxToXFZUAuqz6CSI6teai6aE9x18tNEbzD_V8.c.g8w4eiOdfyCuXeYvASFuNDWSc4ljRBARQ79XHCwrzD81mc9CSi.bAKS64BNoaadDAV7ymExeAq1j9gvcikHNwEIpSDcUnG5k271innsThyFBjN6_cdBRoF6kM12FZexrVoZFfrzi1m0hl9IuJr9hbey_BrWfE3718lSC2iyXCGwybnyxfSOvUyRDu2_zyWRD31C5IVCmNehU0ydRNQLlh9VXI4azv4Wb1uVSJ7Q1cpaKwOHJncHLD3SoZZtDRnjD7439oMbEtJVluaXBCn4k4fBU20NoYnBOgPxElkEOizSh19g_oI6yu_CwD4xRhmXclNBGlGtdIMRiK5HzytPUSOZTNMIRm1Ts2GyZxe9xOaG0AE3zN1aa1A5Gb2SthTyIMEciS16qJatsIhRuk8A0lLdmbqc301I6_hKCHs0c8VVSelRI1gxn4wSiJxkeZ2R55pDJRTx9vrHdt76PHCPkslG390kj60H2kXY5oDcEdyM8UJda6WkOkDqnSWMyd17mnSayUHZ1SbbzEMnvoEpY13PBYAXgbYSzXjFK6tTbPTw7S7DYAOEH2LfXGRjxqoYbUqJSGZs9tZ2FsfBSEQ6oGDRM7kCsXHAjWdmL1iuWhiK2v2z8nr9jAdPSbjgzYfUiqEff4_b9BT3NBnGwQ7y90Qc4UhNFcrV.Coh3UaESO15Pj7oYZ8ZkO0wyqY6uoTlvHi2VFXJsJCbkBn5rsWe5avToAjdPdkN9e3yQPF2lsvzZCPeg8vylJm26Dx2PPR6IV0rFTrHNd4z3PN3cllSljJ1fZ7Oasid8Awtph6.ssPiaJoTqE3dRIh0A3n2abltR2151.ffQqblllldQj5jJbfMFkb1e2GzZslgKolhRVMHeBk9jVGDeSl.H456vFZGeJepIVNOREkvlHqYH2RKWfwzirk118oABh2sxo9nSxo.Dz9Hg9R5KuYLMN9Wkylu7mK9HrzOSWAk4IOhtNp.e8sj6Km7awR7i67oeuDybl2qcv03edR_H7XZfp.QLPKP7yey28gKPVeb8QLKLtCDvqrX.nUGuZ7OxMnuTK7N4BO2ORzJTShJGZLJGGo9OnlIziHkfwyd0MIM0V3vocESpw_kWNBe9G8OlXRPJJz9hX_kQvyEKWw8zrWr5xDnrzEXzKfheovtlaokr6TGU5AJtYo6.CDoYh68.M3ZhV928QRmlDUt3peEsfzOsszZbDWIiGvtE_U_9ASpvuwTKKwG54RobFcrvxB8nZg148MHPraccJ8EFb6w_cxnfvYj7d767MdcFYm8o9du6SCaLsYThMvA0LSxFNGD9euFjyrfqGnwpZE7FW5uFUZtzKQZqXB7xbPan8LruTjtTfFRRgJeuonwf25PYB8owu0IalMqy15PSTf8l9iebqXo5VEbCvXvfYeZpGXChL.888CBPm9HE5kGre3cL6UOrYcCo.OGPvG2en1RVyOv8eoa5ZBVxNbofVBpf1Et4bJ62xRwjmFE1.OoUhqZFenhwJT0O8btf1LzXCTkBSVETp9BRPIVi.zXYS80Emrt0CVwOT63JByz3pdTVwsvSHr08TOM7Jnbbg0XVtpX2JJTSRHSHumyeqoUdaSBckCRhxN2pdy6Rp_eZ2KcvJvhmVocF6hv5wsAE0ojLZy4ABFZ5DNC3Hg1RuBTJ2Lal2Svm4rOQ7nhNL60pC8_z1hT5ozUcr3a6jdDd7XmM0e0l9vwA72NxHxjpz_RuQLL.8_Tnl5nKYtffnTbQXr7JX3g5wDSwX_2WdbgZRMl_rza55LSGZMcCDKjTtGNeT2GIr16SanZueXLsdI4znb.DaxcVPlQ7azhqwY1mf3Kabu2aym6ugXAsd5F_kECiSAK0Lu0Wx3X2CTF_sMd7EftXZ17uvI6hzD6UXGP"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9150d05c785bfce4';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=mixing%20layer&__cf_chl_rt_tk=C4WhMJ_JAjG3rMb.5Vl43ZA7kXPdV_r6wQ9hq8Ie4XM-1740078806-1.0.1.1-fhYK7ylWGYnLTJKB9aihHQ01hbRf5BrxCH.1h6.Sp50" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>