CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="ti" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>ቱርኪ - ዊኪፐድያ፣ ናጻ ኢንሳይክሎፐድያ</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )tiwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy" ,"wgMonthNames":["","ጥሪ","ለካቲት","መጋቢት","ሚያዝያ","ግንቦት","ሰነ","ሓምለ","ነሓሰ","መስከረም","ጥቅምቲ","ሕዳር","ታሕሳስ"],"wgRequestId":"ac8a1e7e-5c1c-4b68-9096-03685a10898c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"ቱርኪ","wgTitle":"ቱርኪ","wgCurRevisionId":24750,"wgRevisionId":24750,"wgArticleId":4345,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages with script errors","ቱርኪ","ሃገራት ኤውሮጳ","መዋቕራት ሃገራት"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ti","wgPageContentLanguage":"ti","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"ቱርኪ","wgRelevantArticleId":4345,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true, "wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ti","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"ti"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"ScribuntoErrors":{"2903dcee":true},"ScribuntoErrors-2903dcee": "\u003Cp\u003ELua error in ሞድዩል:Lang at line 292: assign to undeclared variable 'e1'.\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBacktrace:\u003C/p\u003E\u003Col class=\"scribunto-trace\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E[C]\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"error\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Estrict.lua:21\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ti.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E1%88%9E%E1%8B%B5%E1%8B%A9%E1%88%8D:Lang\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l292\"\u003Eሞድዩል:Lang:292\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"get_ietf_parts\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ti.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E1%88%9E%E1%8B%B5%E1%8B%A9%E1%88%8D:Lang\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l1081\"\u003Eሞድዩል:Lang:1081\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E(tail call)\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Emw.lua:527\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E[C]\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ol\u003E" ,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q43","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.0"};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript": "ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.scribunto.errors","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ti&modules=ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&printable=1&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=ti&modules=startup&only=scripts&printable=1&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ti&modules=site.styles&only=styles&printable=1&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="noindex,follow,max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="ቱርኪ - ዊኪፐድያ፣ ናጻ ኢንሳይክሎፐድያ"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//ti.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="ኣመዓራርይ" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="ዊኪፔዲያ (ti)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ti.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ti"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="ዊኪፔዲያ Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%89%E1%8B%AD:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-ቱርኪ rootpage-ቱርኪ skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">ናብ ትሕዝቶ ኪድ</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ቀንዲ መምረጺ" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ቀንዲ መምረጺ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ቀንዲ መምረጺ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ናብ ጎድናዊ ሽራጥ ኣንቀሳቕስ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ሕባእ</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ዳህሳስ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%89%A0%E1%8C%88%E1%88%B2_%E1%8C%88%E1%8C%BD" title="ናብ መበገሲ ገጽ ኪድ [z]" accesskey="z"><span>መበገሲ ገጽ</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%8B%8A%E1%8A%AA%E1%8D%90%E1%8B%B5%E1%8B%AB:%E1%88%9B%E1%8B%95%E1%8C%BE_%E1%88%9B%E1%88%95%E1%89%A0%E1%88%A8_%E1%88%B0%E1%89%A5" title="ብዛዕባ እቲ ፕሮጀክት፣ እንታይ ክትገብር ከም እትኽእል፣ ሓበሬታ ኣበይ ከም እትረክብ"><span>ማዕጾ ማሕበረ ሰብ</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%8B%8A%E1%8A%AA%E1%8D%90%E1%8B%B5%E1%8B%AB:%E1%8A%A5%E1%8B%8B%E1%8A%93%E1%8B%8A_%E1%8D%8D%E1%8C%BB%E1%88%9C%E1%89%B3%E1%89%B5" title="Find background information on current events"><span>እዋናዊ ፍጻሜታት</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%89%E1%8B%AD:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes in the wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>ናይ ቀረባ ግዜ ለውጥታት</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%89%E1%8B%AD:Random" title="ሃውራዊ ገጽ ጸዓን [x]" accesskey="x"><span>ሃውራዊ ገጽ</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="The place to find out"><span>ሓገዝ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%89%A0%E1%8C%88%E1%88%B2_%E1%8C%88%E1%8C%BD" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="ዊኪፐድያ" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ti.svg" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="ናጻ ኢንሳይክሎፐድያ" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ti.svg" width="95" height="11" style="width: 5.9375em; height: 0.6875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%89%E1%8B%AD:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ኣብ ውሽጢ ዊኪፔዲያ ድለይ [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>ድለይ</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ኣብ ውሽጢ ዊኪፔዲያ ድለይ" aria-label="ኣብ ውሽጢ ዊኪፔዲያ ድለይ" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ኣብ ውሽጢ ዊኪፔዲያ ድለይ [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="ፍሉይ:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ድለይ</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="ግላዊ መሳርሒታት"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ti.wikipedia.org&uselang=ti" class=""><span>ወፈያታት</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%89%E1%8B%AD:CreateAccount&returnto=%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA&returntoquery=printable%3Dyes" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>መለለዪ መንነት ፍጠር</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%89%E1%8B%AD:UserLogin&returnto=%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA&returntoquery=printable%3Dyes" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>ብመንነት እተው</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ተወሳኺ ኣማራጽታት" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ግላዊ መሳርሒታት" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ግላዊ መሳርሒታት</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="መምረጺ ተጠቃሚ" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ti.wikipedia.org&uselang=ti"><span>ወፈያታት</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%89%E1%8B%AD:CreateAccount&returnto=%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA&returntoquery=printable%3Dyes" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>መለለዪ መንነት ፍጠር</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%89%E1%8B%AD:UserLogin&returnto=%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA&returntoquery=printable%3Dyes" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ብመንነት እተው</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%E1%88%93%E1%8C%88%E1%8B%9D:Introduction" aria-label="ብዛዕባ ኣርትዖት ዝያዳ ሓበሬታ ርኸብ"><span>ተወሳኺ ሓበሬታ</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%89%E1%8B%AD:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ኣበርክቶታት</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%89%E1%8B%AD:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ምይይጥ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003E⟵ እዚ ሕባእ\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"ti\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center; background: linear-gradient(to right, white, #f6f6f6, white);\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cbig\u003Eጽሑፋት ብምጽሓፍ ወይ ብምእራም ንዊኪፐድያ ብትግርኛ ክትሕግዝ ትኽእል ኢኻ/ኺ፣ ተሳተፍ/ፊ!\u003C/big\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="ትሕዝቶታት" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ትሕዝቶታት</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ናብ ጎድናዊ ሽራጥ ኣንቀሳቕስ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ሕባእ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">መጀመርታ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ቱርኪየ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ቱርኪየ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ቱርኪየ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ቱርኪየ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle ቱርኪየ subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ቱርኪየ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ስነ-ቓል_ስነ-ቓል" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ስነ-ቓል_ስነ-ቓል"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>ስነ-ቓል ስነ-ቓል</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ስነ-ቓል_ስነ-ቓል-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ታሪኽ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ታሪኽ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>ታሪኽ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ታሪኽ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ቅድመ_ታሪኽ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ቅድመ_ታሪኽ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>ቅድመ ታሪኽ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ቅድመ_ታሪኽ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ጥንታዊነት፡_ዘመነ_ሄለኒስትን_ዘመነ_ቢዛንታይንን።" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ጥንታዊነት፡_ዘመነ_ሄለኒስትን_ዘመነ_ቢዛንታይንን።"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>ጥንታዊነት፡ ዘመነ ሄለኒስትን ዘመነ ቢዛንታይንን።</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ጥንታዊነት፡_ዘመነ_ሄለኒስትን_ዘመነ_ቢዛንታይንን።-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ሰልጁክን_ግዝኣት_ኦቶማንን_ዝበሃሉ_ምዃኖም_ይፍለጥ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ሰልጁክን_ግዝኣት_ኦቶማንን_ዝበሃሉ_ምዃኖም_ይፍለጥ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>ሰልጁክን ግዝኣት ኦቶማንን ዝበሃሉ ምዃኖም ይፍለጥ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ሰልጁክን_ግዝኣት_ኦቶማንን_ዝበሃሉ_ምዃኖም_ይፍለጥ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ትሕዝቶታት" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ቱርኪ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 330 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-330" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">330 ቋንቋታት</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AC%D1%8B%D1%80%D2%9B%D3%99%D1%82%D3%99%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Ҭырқәтәыла – ኣብካዝኛ" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ҭырқәтәыла" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="ኣብካዝኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turuki" title="Turuki – ኣቸኒዝኛ" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Turuki" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="ኣቸኒዝኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B5" title="Тыркуе – ኣዲጊ" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Тыркуе" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="ኣዲጊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkye" title="Turkye – ኣፍሪካንስ" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Turkye" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="ኣፍሪካንስ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkei" title="Türkei – ስዊዘርላንዳዊ ጀርመን" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Türkei" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="ስዊዘርላንዳዊ ጀርመን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – ደቡባዊ ኣልታይ" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="ደቡባዊ ኣልታይ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AD" title="ቱርክ – ኣምሓርኛ" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቱርክ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="ኣምሓርኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Turquía – ኣራጎንኛ" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Turquía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="ኣራጎንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrcland" title="Tyrcland – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Tyrcland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – ኦቦሎ" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="ኦቦሎ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="तुर्की – ኣንጂካ" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="तुर्की" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ኣንጂካ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="تركيا – ዓረብ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تركيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ዓረብ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9B%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%A9%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܛܘܪܩܝܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܛܘܪܩܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="تركيا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تركيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="توركيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توركيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95" title="তুৰস্ক – ኣሳሜዝኛ" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="তুৰস্ক" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ኣሳሜዝኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Turquía – ኣስቱርያን" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Turquía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ኣስቱርያን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – ኣቲካመክ" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="ኣቲካመክ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Туркия – ኣቫር" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Туркия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="ኣቫር" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turka" title="Turka – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Turka" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="तुर्की – ኣዋዲ" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="तुर्की" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="ኣዋዲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya – ኣይማራ" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="ኣይማራ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiy%C9%99" title="Türkiyə – ኣዘርባጃንኛ" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Türkiyə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ኣዘርባጃንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87" title="تورکیه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تورکیه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D3%99" title="Төркиә – ባሽኪር" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Төркиә" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="ባሽኪር" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – ባሊንኛ" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="ባሊንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiakei" title="Tiakei – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Tiakei" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tork%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Torkėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Torkėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Турцыя – ቤላሩስኛ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Турцыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ቤላሩስኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%87%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Турэччына – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Турэччына" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Турция – ቡልጋርኛ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Турция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ቡልጋርኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="तुर्की – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="तुर्की" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teki" title="Teki – ቢስላማ" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Teki" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="ቢስላማ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="တူရကီခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="တူရကီခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – ባምባራ" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="ባምባራ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95" title="তুরস্ক – በንጋሊ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তুরস্ক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="በንጋሊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཏུར་ཀི། – ቲበታንኛ" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཏུར་ཀི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="ቲበታንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95" title="তুরস্ক – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="তুরস্ক" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – ብረቶንኛ" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ብረቶንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turska" title="Turska – ቦዝንኛ" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Turska" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ቦዝንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%88%E1%A8%98%E1%A8%91%E1%A8%80%E1%A8%97" title="ᨈᨘᨑᨀᨗ – ቡጊንኛ" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨈᨘᨑᨀᨗ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="ቡጊንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Түрэг Улас – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Түрэг Улас" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia – ካታላን" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Turquia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ካታላን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Turquía – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Turquía" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%AB-%C4%AB-g%C3%AC" title="Tū-ī-gì – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Tū-ī-gì" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%8C" title="Туркойчоь – ቸቸንይና" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Туркойчоь" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ቸቸንይና" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeya" title="Turkeya – ሰብዋኖ" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Turkeya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="ሰብዋኖ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – ቻሞሮ" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="ቻሞሮ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%AC%E1%8F%83" title="ᎬᏃ – ቸሮኪ" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎬᏃ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="ቸሮኪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – ሻያን" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="ሻያን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="تورکیا – ሶራኒ ኩርዲሽ" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تورکیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="ሶራኒ ኩርዲሽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia – ኮርስኛ" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Turchia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="ኮርስኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cr mw-list-item"><a href="https://cr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%91%90%E1%95%92%E1%91%AD" title="ᑐᕒᑭ – Cree" lang="cr" hreflang="cr" data-title="ᑐᕒᑭ" data-language-autonym="Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ" data-language-local-name="Cree" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turecko" title="Turecko – ቸክኛ" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Turecko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ቸክኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%ABreck%C3%B4" title="Tëreckô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Tëreckô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%B7%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Тѷрци – ቤተ-ክርስትያን ስላቭኛ" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Тѷрци" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="ቤተ-ክርስትያን ስላቭኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Турци – ቹቫሽኛ" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Турци" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ቹቫሽኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twrci" title="Twrci – ዌልስኛ" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Twrci" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ዌልስኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkiet" title="Tyrkiet – ዳኒሽ" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tyrkiet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ዳኒሽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkei" title="Türkei – ጀርመን" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Türkei" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ጀርመን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dga mw-list-item"><a href="https://dga.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – Dagaare" lang="dga" hreflang="dga" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Dagaare" data-language-local-name="Dagaare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagaare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%B1rkiya" title="Tırkiya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tırkiya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkojska" title="Turkojska – ታሕተዋይ ሶርብኛ" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Turkojska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="ታሕተዋይ ሶርብኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="टर्की – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="टर्की" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8C%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%AA%DE%86%DE%A9%DE%88%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%A7%DE%8C%DE%B0" title="ތުރުކީވިލާތް – ዲቨሂ" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ތުރުކީވިލާތް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="ዲቨሂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82" title="བྱའི་རིགས་ཅིག – ድዞንግካ" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="བྱའི་རིགས་ཅིག" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="ድዞንግካ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C9%94k%C9%94" title="Dɔkɔ – ኢው" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Dɔkɔ" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="ኢው" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Τουρκία – ግሪኽኛ" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τουρκία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ግሪኽኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turch%C3%AE" title="Turchî – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Turchî" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – እንግሊዝኛ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="እንግሊዝኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkio" title="Turkio – ኤስፐራንቶ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Turkio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ኤስፐራንቶ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Turquía – ስጳንኛ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Turquía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ስጳንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrgi" title="Türgi – ኤስቶንኛ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Türgi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ኤስቶንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – ባስክኛ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ባስክኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Turquia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87" title="ترکیه – ፋርስኛ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ترکیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ፋርስኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya – ፉላ" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="ፉላ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkki" title="Turkki – ፊንላንድኛ" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Turkki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ፊንላንድኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrg%C3%BC" title="Türgü – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Türgü" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – ፊጅያንኛ" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="ፊጅያንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkaland" title="Turkaland – ፋሮእይና" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Turkaland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="ፋሮእይና" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – ፎን" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="ፎን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquie" title="Turquie – ፈረንሳይኛ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Turquie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ፈረንሳይኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Turquia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkei" title="Türkei – ሰሜናዊ ፍሪስኛ" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Türkei" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ሰሜናዊ ፍሪስኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchie" title="Turchie – ፍርዩልኛ" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Turchie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="ፍርዩልኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkije" title="Turkije – ምዕራባዊ ፍሪስኛ" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Turkije" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="ምዕራባዊ ፍሪስኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Tuirc" title="An Tuirc – ኣየርላንድኛ" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Tuirc" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ኣየርላንድኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="土耳其" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirki" title="Tirki – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Tirki" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Tuirc" title="An Tuirc – ስኮትላንዳዊ ጋኤሊክኛ" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Tuirc" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="ስኮትላንዳዊ ጋኤሊክኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Turquía – ጋሊሽያን" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Turquía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ጋሊሽያን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8A%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%87" title="تۊرکيه – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="تۊرکيه" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turyk%C3%ADa" title="Turykía – ጓራኒ" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Turykía" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="ጓራኒ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="तुर्की – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="तुर्की" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – ጎሮንታሎ" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="ጎሮንታሎ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%85%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐍄𐍅𐍂𐌺𐌾𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍄𐍅𐍂𐌺𐌾𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ghanaian Pidgin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8" title="તુર્કસ્તાન – ጉጃራቲ" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="તુર્કસ્તાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="ጉጃራቲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gur mw-list-item"><a href="https://gur.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – Frafra" lang="gur" hreflang="gur" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Farefare" data-language-local-name="Frafra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Farefare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Turkee" title="Yn Turkee – ማንክስ" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Turkee" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="ማንክስ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiyya" title="Turkiyya – ሃውሳ" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Turkiyya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="ሃውሳ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%BA-ng%C3%AD-kh%C3%AC" title="Thú-ngí-khì – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thú-ngí-khì" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuleke" title="Kuleke – ሃዋይኛ" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kuleke" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="ሃዋይኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%94" title="טורקיה – እብራይስጢ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טורקיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="እብራይስጢ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="तुर्की – ሂንዲ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तुर्की" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ሂንዲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turska" title="Turska – ክሮኤሽያን" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Turska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ክሮኤሽያን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkowska" title="Turkowska – ላዕለዋይ ሶርብኛ" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Turkowska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="ላዕለዋይ ሶርብኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiki" title="Tiki – ክርዮል ሃይትኛ" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tiki" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="ክርዮል ሃይትኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6r%C3%B6korsz%C3%A1g" title="Törökország – ሃንጋርኛ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Törökország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ሃንጋርኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Թուրքիա – ኣርሜንኛ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թուրքիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ኣርሜንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Թուրքիա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Թուրքիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia – ኢንተርሊንጓ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Turchia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="ኢንተርሊንጓ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – ኢባን" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ኢባን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – ኢንዶነዥኛ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ኢንዶነዥኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Turcia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turk%C3%A9y" title="Turkéy – ኢግቦ" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Turkéy" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="ኢግቦ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-igl mw-list-item"><a href="https://igl.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – Igala" lang="igl" hreflang="igl" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Igala" data-language-local-name="Igala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkii" title="Turkii – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Turkii" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – ኢሎካኖ" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ኢሎካኖ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BA" title="Туркий мохк – ኢንጉሽኛ" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Туркий мохк" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ኢንጉሽኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – ኢዶ" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ኢዶ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkland" title="Tyrkland – ኣይስላንድኛ" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tyrkland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ኣይስላንድኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia – ጥልያን" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Turchia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ጥልያን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%91%91%E1%95%90%E1%91%AD" title="ᑑᕐᑭ – ኢናክቲቱት" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᑑᕐᑭ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="ኢናክቲቱት" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B3" title="トルコ – ጃፓንኛ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トルコ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ጃፓንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toerki" title="Toerki – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Toerki" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/turk" title="turk – ሎጅባን" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="turk" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ሎጅባን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – ጃቫንኛ" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ጃቫንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="თურქეთი – ጆርጅያንኛ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თურქეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ጆርጅያንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BArkiya" title="Túrkiya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Túrkiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tturk" title="Tturk – ካቢልኛ" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tturk" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="ካቢልኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Тыркуей – ካባርድኛ" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Тыркуей" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="ካባርድኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuurkii" title="Tuurkii – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tuurkii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turukya" title="Turukya – ታያፕ" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Turukya" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="ታያፕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tak%C4%A9" title="Takĩ – ኪኩዩ" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Takĩ" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="ኪኩዩ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Түркия – ካዛክ" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Түркия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="ካዛክ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8" title="តួកគី – ክመር" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="តួកគី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="ክመር" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF" title="ಟರ್ಕಿ – ካንናዳ" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಟರ್ಕಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="ካንናዳ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88" title="튀르키예 – ኮርይኛ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="튀르키예" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ኮርይኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Тюркия – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Тюркия" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Тюрк – ካራቻይ-ባልካርኛ" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Тюрк" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="ካራቻይ-ባልካርኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8F%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="تُرکی – ካሽሚሪ" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="تُرکی" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="ካሽሚሪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkei" title="Türkei – ኮልሽ" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Türkei" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="ኮልሽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirkiye" title="Tirkiye – ኩርዲሽ" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Tirkiye" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="ኩርዲሽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Турция – ኮሚ" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Турция" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="ኮሚ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – ኮርንኛ" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="ኮርንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Түркия – ኪርጊዝኛ" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Түркия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="ኪርጊዝኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia – ላቲን" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Turcia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ላቲን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – ላዲኖ" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ላዲኖ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierkei" title="Tierkei – ሉክሰምበርግኛ" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tierkei" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="ሉክሰምበርግኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Туркия – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Туркия" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Турция – ለዝግኛ" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Турция" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="ለዝግኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Turcia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buturuki" title="Buturuki – ጋንዳ" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Buturuki" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ጋንዳ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkije" title="Turkije – ሊምበርግኛ" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Turkije" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="ሊምበርግኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia – ሊጉርኛ" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Turchia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ሊጉርኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Turchia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrchia" title="Türchia – ሎምባርድኛ" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Türchia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="ሎምባርድኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turk%C3%AD" title="Turkí – ሊንጋላ" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Turkí" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="ሊንጋላ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B5" title="ປະເທດຕຸຣກີ – ላኦ" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດຕຸຣກີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="ላኦ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkija" title="Turkija – ሊትዌንኛ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Turkija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ሊትዌንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turceja" title="Turceja – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Turceja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcija" title="Turcija – ላትቭኛ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Turcija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ላትቭኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – ማዱሪዝኛ" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="ማዱሪዝኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="टर्की – ማይቲሊ" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="टर्की" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="ማይቲሊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Туркия – ሞክሻ" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Туркия" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="ሞክሻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torkia" title="Torkia – ማላጋሲ" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Torkia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="ማላጋሲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Турций – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Турций" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81kei" title="Tākei – ማኦሪ" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Tākei" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="ማኦሪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – ሚናንግካባው" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="ሚናንግካባው" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Турција – መቄዶንኛ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Турција" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="መቄዶንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF" title="തുർക്കി – ማላያላም" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തുർക്കി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="ማላያላም" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Турк – ሞንጎልኛ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Турк" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="ሞንጎልኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯇꯔꯀꯤ – ማኒፑሪ" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯇꯔꯀꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="ማኒፑሪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mos mw-list-item"><a href="https://mos.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – ሞሲ" lang="mos" hreflang="mos" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Moore" data-language-local-name="ሞሲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Moore</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तुर्कस्तान – ማራቲ" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तुर्कस्तान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="ማራቲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Турци – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Турци" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – ማላይኛ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ማላይኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkija" title="Turkija – ማልትኛ" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Turkija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="ማልትኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquie" title="Turquie – ሚራንዲዝኛ" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Turquie" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="ሚራንዲዝኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="တူရကီနိုင်ငံ – በርምኛ" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တူရကီနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="በርምኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Турция Мастор – ኤርዝያ" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Турция Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="ኤርዝያ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87" title="تورکیه – ማዛንደራኒ" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="تورکیه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="ማዛንደራኒ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia – ናፖሊታንኛ" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Turchia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="ናፖሊታንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6rkie" title="Törkie – ትሑት ጀርመን" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Törkie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="ትሑት ጀርመን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkije" title="Turkije – ትሑት ሳክሰን" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Turkije" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="ትሑት ሳክሰን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="टर्की – ኔፓሊ" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="टर्की" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="ኔፓሊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="टर्की – ነዋሪ" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="टर्की" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="ነዋሪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ng mw-list-item"><a href="https://ng.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – ኤንዶንጋ" lang="ng" hreflang="ng" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Oshiwambo" data-language-local-name="ኤንዶንጋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oshiwambo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – ንያስ" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="ንያስ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkije" title="Turkije – ዳች" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Turkije" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ዳች" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkia" title="Tyrkia – ኖርወያዊ ናይኖርስክ" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tyrkia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="ኖርወያዊ ናይኖርስክ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkia" title="Tyrkia – ኖርወያዊ ቦክማል" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tyrkia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ኖርወያዊ ቦክማል" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%93%DF%8A%DF%95%DF%8D%DF%AB_%DF%A3%DF%9D%DF%8A%DF%AC%DF%96%DF%8C%DF%AB" title="ߓߊߕߍ߫ ߣߝߊ߬ߖߌ߫ – ኤንኮ" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߓߊߕߍ߫ ߣߝߊ߬ߖߌ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="ኤንኮ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nr mw-list-item"><a href="https://nr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – ደቡብ ኤንደበለ" lang="nr" hreflang="nr" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="IsiNdebele seSewula" data-language-local-name="ደቡብ ኤንደበለ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiNdebele seSewula</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtchie" title="Turtchie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Turtchie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – ሰሜናዊ ሶቶ" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="ሰሜናዊ ሶቶ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bich%CA%BCah_%C5%81ich%C3%ADi%CA%BCii_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Bichʼah Łichíiʼii Bikéyah – ናቫሆ" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Bichʼah Łichíiʼii Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="ናቫሆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – ንያንጃ" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="ንያንጃ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia – ኦክሲታንኛ" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Turquia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ኦክሲታንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtsii" title="Turtsii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Turtsii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarkii" title="Tarkii – ኦሮሞ" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Tarkii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="ኦሮሞ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%80" title="ତୁର୍କୀ – ኦድያ" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ତୁର୍କୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="ኦድያ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Турк – ኦሰትኛ" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Турк" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ኦሰትኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80" title="ਤੁਰਕੀ – ፑንጃቢ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤੁਰਕੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="ፑንጃቢ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya – ፓንጋሲናን" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="ፓንጋሲናን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya – ፓምፓንጋ" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="ፓምፓንጋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – ፓፕያመንቶ" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="ፓፕያመንቶ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkie" title="Turkie – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Turkie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkie" title="Turkie – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Turkie" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkei" title="Türkei – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Türkei" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87" title="तुर्किये – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="तुर्किये" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkii" title="Turkii – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Turkii" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcja" title="Turcja – ፖሊሽ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Turcja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ፖሊሽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turch%C3%ACa" title="Turchìa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Turchìa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="ترکی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ترکی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Τουρκία – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Τουρκία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%87" title="تورکيه – ፓሽቶ" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تورکيه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="ፓሽቶ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia – ፖርቱጊዝኛ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Turquia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ፖርቱጊዝኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya – ቀችዋ" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ቀችዋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirchia" title="Tirchia – ሮማንሽ" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Tirchia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="ሮማንሽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turukiya" title="Turukiya – ኪሩንዲ" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Turukiya" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="ኪሩንዲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia – ሩማንኛ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Turcia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ሩማንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia – ኣሩማንኛ" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Turchia" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="ኣሩማንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchie" title="Turchie – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Turchie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Турция – ሩስኛ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Турция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ሩስኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Турція – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Турція" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turukiya" title="Turukiya – ኪንያርዋንዳ" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Turukiya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="ኪንያርዋንዳ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="तुर्की – ሳንስክሪት" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="तुर्की" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="ሳንስክሪት" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%B9%D1%8D" title="Түүркүйэ – ሳኻ" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Түүркүйэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="ሳኻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ – ሳንታሊ" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="ሳንታሊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – ሳርዲንኛ" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="ሳርዲንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turch%C3%ACa" title="Turchìa – ሲሲልኛ" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Turchìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="ሲሲልኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – ስኮትኛ" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="ስኮትኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%AA%D9%8A" title="ترڪي – ሲንድሂ" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ترڪي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="ሲንድሂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durka" title="Durka – ሰሜናዊ ሳሚ" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Durka" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="ሰሜናዊ ሳሚ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turuk%C3%AFi" title="Turukïi – ሳንጎ" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Turukïi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="ሳንጎ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turska" title="Turska – ሰርቦ-ክሮኤሽያን" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Turska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="ሰርቦ-ክሮኤሽያን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkya" title="Turkya – ታቸልሂት" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Turkya" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="ታቸልሂት" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%81%B5%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းတိူဝ်ႇၵီႇ – ሻን" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းတိူဝ်ႇၵီႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="ሻን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="තුර්කිය – ሲንሃላ" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="තුර්කිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="ሲንሃላ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turecko" title="Turecko – ስሎቫክኛ" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Turecko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ስሎቫክኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="ترکی – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ترکی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tur%C4%8Dija" title="Turčija – ስሎቬንኛ" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Turčija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ስሎቬንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take" title="Take – ሳሞእኛ" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Take" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="ሳሞእኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkki" title="Turkki – ሳሚ ኢናሪ" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Turkki" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="ሳሚ ኢናሪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turuki" title="Turuki – ሾና" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Turuki" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="ሾና" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiga" title="Turkiga – ሶማሊ" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Turkiga" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="ሶማሊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turqia" title="Turqia – ኣልባንኛ" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Turqia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="ኣልባንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Турска – ቃንቃ ሰርቢያ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Турска" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ቃንቃ ሰርቢያ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiyakondre" title="Turkiyakondre – ስራናን ቶንጎ" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Turkiyakondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="ስራናን ቶንጎ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IThekhi" title="IThekhi – ስዋዚ" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IThekhi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="ስዋዚ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – ደቡባዊ ሶቶ" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="ደቡባዊ ሶቶ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turk%C3%A4i" title="Turkäi – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Turkäi" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – ሱንዳንኛ" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="ሱንዳንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiet" title="Turkiet – ስዊድንኛ" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Turkiet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ስዊድንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uturuki" title="Uturuki – ስዋሂሊ" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uturuki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="ስዋሂሊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcyjo" title="Turcyjo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Turcyjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF" title="துருக்கி – ታሚል" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="துருக்கி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ታሚል" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF" title="ಟರ್ಕಿ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಟರ್ಕಿ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80" title="టర్కీ – ተሉጉ" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="టర్కీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="ተሉጉ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – ቲተም" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="ቲተም" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Туркия – ታጂክኛ" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Туркия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="ታጂክኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5" title="ประเทศตุรกี – ታይኛ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศตุรกี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ታይኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrki%C3%BDe" title="Türkiýe – ቱርክመንኛ" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Türkiýe" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="ቱርክመንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkij%C9%99" title="Tyrkijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Tyrkijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – ስዋና" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="ስዋና" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toake" title="Toake – ቶንጋንኛ" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Toake" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="ቶንጋንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teki" title="Teki – ቶክ ፒሲን" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Teki" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="ቶክ ፒሲን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – ቱርክኛ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ቱርክኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – ታሮኮ" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="ታሮኮ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – ሶንጋ" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="ሶንጋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Төркия – ታታር" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Төркия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="ታታር" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – ተምቡካ" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="ተምቡካ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – ትዊ" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="ትዊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turiti" title="Turiti – ታሂትኛ" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Turiti" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="ታሂትኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Турция – ቱቪንኛ" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Турция" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="ቱቪንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Турция – ዩድሙርት" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Турция" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="ዩድሙርት" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95_%D8%AC%DB%87%D9%85%DA%BE%DB%87%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A%D9%89%D8%AA%D9%89" title="تۈركىيە جۇمھۇرىيىتى – ኡይጉር" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تۈركىيە جۇمھۇرىيىتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ኡይጉር" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Туреччина – ዩክረይንኛ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Туреччина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ዩክረይንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%DB%81" title="ترکیہ – ኡርዱ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ترکیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ኡርዱ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya – ኡዝበክኛ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ኡዝበክኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – ቨንዳ" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="ቨንዳ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turch%C3%ACa" title="Turchìa – ቬንቲያንኛ" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Turchìa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="ቬንቲያንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkanma" title="Turkanma – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Turkanma" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%95_Nh%C4%A9_K%E1%BB%B3" title="Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ – ቬትናምኛ" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ቬትናምኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeye" title="Turkeye – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Turkeye" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrk%C3%A4n" title="Türkän – ቮላፑክ" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Türkän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="ቮላፑክ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourkeye" title="Tourkeye – ዋሎን" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tourkeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="ዋሎን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeya" title="Turkeya – ዋራይ" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Turkeya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="ዋራይ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirki" title="Tirki – ዎሎፍ" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Tirki" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="ዎሎፍ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其 – ቻይናዊ ዉ" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="土耳其" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ቻይናዊ ዉ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – ካልምይክ" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="ካልምይክ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITurkiya" title="ITurkiya – ኮሳ" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="ITurkiya" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="ኮሳ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="თურქეთი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="თურქეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99" title="טערקיי – ይሁድኛ" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טערקיי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ይሁድኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – ዮሩባ" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ዮሩባ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dujwjgiz" title="Dujwjgiz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Dujwjgiz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkije" title="Turkije – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Turkije" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%94%E2%B4%BD%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵜⵓⵔⴽⵢⴰ – ሞሮካዊ ምዱብ ታማዛይት" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵔⴽⵢⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="ሞሮካዊ ምዱብ ታማዛይት" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其 – ቻይንኛ" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="土耳其" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ቻይንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="土耳其" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%B3%CD%98-n%C3%AD-k%C3%AE" title="Thó͘-ní-kî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thó͘-ní-kî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其 – ካንቶንኛ" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="土耳其" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="ካንቶንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITheki" title="ITheki – ዙሉ" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="ITheki" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="ዙሉ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">መጋጠሚታት ኣመዓራርይ</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA" title="ገጽ ትሕዝቶ ርኣይ [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ጽሑፍ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%88%9D%E1%8B%AD%E1%8B%AD%E1%8C%A5:%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA" rel="discussion" title="Discussion about the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>ምይይጥ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ትግርኛ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="ትርኢታት"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA"><span>ኣንብብ</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA&veaction=edit" title="እዚ ገጽ ኣመዓራርይ [v]" accesskey="v"><span>ኣመዓራርይ</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>ኮድ ኣመዓራርይ</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>ታሪኽ ርኣይ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="መሳርሒታት" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">መሳርሒታት</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">መሳርሒታት</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ናብ ጎድናዊ ሽራጥ ኣንቀሳቕስ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ሕባእ</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="ተወሳኺ ኣማራጽታት" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ተግባራት </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA"><span>ኣንብብ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA&veaction=edit" title="እዚ ገጽ ኣመዓራርይ [v]" accesskey="v"><span>ኣመዓራርይ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>ኮድ ኣመዓራርይ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA&action=history"><span>ታሪኽ ርኣይ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ሓፈሻዊ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%89%E1%8B%AD:WhatLinksHere/%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA" title="A list of all wiki pages that link here [j]" accesskey="j"><span>ናብዚ ገጽ መጋጠሚታት</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%89%E1%8B%AD:RecentChangesLinked/%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>ተዛመድቲ ለውጥታት</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ti" title="ፋይላት ጸዓን/ስቐል [u]" accesskey="u"><span>ፋይል ጸዓን/ስቐል</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%89%E1%8B%AD:SpecialPages" title="ዝርዝር ኩሎም ፍሉይ ገጻት [q]" accesskey="q"><span>ፍሉያት ገጻት</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA&oldid=24750" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>ቀዋሚ መጋጠሚ</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA&action=info" title="ተወሳኺ ሓበሬታ ብዛዕባ እዚ ገጽ"><span>ሓበሬታ ገጽ</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%89%E1%8B%AD:CiteThisPage&page=%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA&id=24750&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>እዚ ገጽ ጥቐስ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%89%E1%8B%AD:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fti.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3D%25E1%2589%25B1%25E1%2588%25AD%25E1%258A%25AA%26printable%3Dyes"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%89%E1%8B%AD:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fti.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3D%25E1%2589%25B1%25E1%2588%25AD%25E1%258A%25AA%26printable%3Dyes"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ሕተም/ስደድ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%89%E1%8B%AD:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA"><span>መጽሓፍ ፍጠር</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%89%E1%8B%AD:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA&action=show-download-screen"><span>ከም PDF ኣውርድ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ኣብ ካልኦት ፕሮጀክታት </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" hreflang="en"><span>ዊኪሜድያ ኮመንዝ</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>ናይ ዊኪዳታ ውልቀ ነገር</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ናብ ጎድናዊ ሽራጥ ኣንቀሳቕስ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ሕባእ</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">ካብ ዊኪፐድያ፣ ናጻ ኢንሳይክሎፐድያ</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content">The printable version is no longer supported and may have rendering errors. Please update your browser bookmarks and please use the default browser print function instead.</div></div><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ti" dir="ltr"><div style="clear: both;"></div> <table style="width: 630px; margin:auto;" class="noprint plainlinks ambox ambox-content"> <tbody><tr> <td class="ambox-image" width="1"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Commons-emblem-issue.svg/40px-Commons-emblem-issue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Commons-emblem-issue.svg/60px-Commons-emblem-issue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Commons-emblem-issue.svg/80px-Commons-emblem-issue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></td> <td class="ambox-text"><div class="ambox-text-div"><span style="font-size:medium;"> <div style="padding-left:5px;"><b>ጀምር!</b> እዚ ሓጺር ጽሑፍ ብዛዕባ <a href="/wiki/%E1%88%83%E1%8C%88%E1%88%AD" title="ሃገር">ሃገር</a> <b>መሰረት</b> ወይ <b>መዋቕር</b> እዩ። <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA&action=edit">ሕጂ ከተስፍሖ ትኽእል ኢኻ/ኺ!</a> </span> </div> <small></small></span></div></td><td class="hide-when-compact ambox-imageright"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ti.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA&action=edit"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Globe_stub.svg/40px-Globe_stub.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Globe_stub.svg/60px-Globe_stub.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Globe_stub.svg/80px-Globe_stub.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="58" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>{{ሃገር ሓበሬታ </p><p><a class="external free" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye#/media/Dosya:Atat%C3%BCrk_%C5%9Fapkas%C4%B1yla_selam_verirken.jpg:~:text=https%3A//www.trthaber.com/dosyalar/images/46bf3ac4%2Dcd99%2D4303%2Da513%2D80cd46c4a465.jpg">https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye#/media/Dosya:Atat%C3%BCrk_%C5%9Fapkas%C4%B1yla_selam_verirken.jpg:~:text=https%3A//www.trthaber.com/dosyalar/images/46bf3ac4%2Dcd99%2D4303%2Da513%2D80cd46c4a465.jpg</a> </p><p>| ወግዓዊ_ሽም = <big>ሪፓብሊክ ቱርኪ</big> <br /><small style="line-height:130%"><i><strong class="error"><span class="scribunto-error mw-scribunto-error-2903dcee">Lua error in ሞድዩል:Lang at line 292: assign to undeclared variable 'e1'.</span></strong></i></small> | ምስሊ_ባንዴራ = Flag of Turkey.svg | ምስሊ_ኣርማ = Emblem of Turkey.svg | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር = <i>İstiklâl Marşı</i><br /> | ሃገራዊ_መዝሙር_ፋይል = IstiklalMarsi-2013 (version 2).oga | ምስሊ_ካርታ = Turkey (orthographic projection).svg | ርእሰ_ከተማ = <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%8A%A3%E1%8A%95%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ኣንካራ (ገጽ የለን)">ኣንካራ</a> | ወግዓዊ_ቋንቋ = <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%89%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%89%8B_%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AD%E1%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ቋንቋ ቱርክኛ (ገጽ የለን)">ቱርክኛ</a> | ዓይነት_መንግስቲ = <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%8D%95%E1%88%A8%E1%8B%9A%E1%8B%B0%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B3%E1%8B%8A%E1%89%B5_%E1%88%AA%E1%8D%93%E1%89%A5%E1%88%8A%E1%8A%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ፕረዚደንታዊት ሪፓብሊክ (ገጽ የለን)">ፕረዚደንታዊት ሪፓብሊክ</a> | ኣርእስቲ_መራሒ1 = <a href="/wiki/%E1%8D%95%E1%88%A8%E1%8B%9A%E1%8B%B0%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B5" title="ፕረዚደንት">ፕረዚደንት</a> | ሽም_መራሒ1 = <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%88%A8%E1%88%B2%E1%8D%95_%E1%8C%A0%E1%8B%AD%E1%89%A5_%E1%8A%A4%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%B6%E1%8C%8B%E1%8A%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ረሲፕ ጠይብ ኤርዶጋን (ገጽ የለን)">ረሲፕ ጠይብ ኤርዶጋን</a> | ዜግነት_ህዝቢ = ቱርካዊ/ -ት | ሰፊሕ_መሬት = 783,356 | ሰፊሕ_መሬት_ቦታ = 71 | ሰፊሕ_ማይ = 1,3 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ = 82,017,514 | ብዝሒ_ህዝቢ_ዓመት = 2020 | ባጤራ = <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AB%E1%8B%8A%E1%89%B5_%E1%88%8A%E1%88%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ቱርካዊት ሊራ (ገጽ የለን)">ቱርካዊት ሊራ</a> (₺) | ናይ_ግዜ_ዞባ = UTC +3 | ናይ_ኢንተርነት_ዓውዲ = .tr | ተለፎናዊ_ቅድመ_ጥብቆ = +90 }} </p><p><b>ቱርኪ</b> (ብ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%89%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%89%8B_%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AD%E1%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ቋንቋ ቱርክኛ (ገጽ የለን)">ቱርክኛ</a>፦ <i>Türkiye</i>) ወግዓዊ <b>ሪፓብሊክ ቱርኪ</b> (ብቱርክኛ፦ <i>Türkiye Cumhuriyeti</i>)፣ ኣብ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%88%9D%E1%8B%95%E1%88%AB%E1%89%A3%E1%8B%8A_%E1%8A%A4%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ምዕራባዊ ኤስያ (ገጽ የለን)">ምዕራባዊ ኤስያ</a>ን ደቡብ-ምብራቕ ኤውሮጳን ተዘርጊሓ እትርከብ ሃገር እያ። <a href="/wiki/%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%A5%E1%88%B0_%E1%8A%A8%E1%89%B0%E1%88%9B" title="ርእሰ ከተማ">ርእሰ ከተማ</a>ኣ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%8A%A3%E1%8A%95%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ኣንካራ (ገጽ የለን)">ኣንካራ</a> እያ። </p><p>ዘመናዊት ሪፓብሊክ ቱርኪየ,ኣብ 1923 ዓ.ም ብሃገራዊ ጅግናና ሙስጠፋ ከማል ኣታቱርክ ዝተመስረተት እያ። </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading1"><h1 id="ቱርኪየ"><span id=".E1.89.B1.E1.88.AD.E1.8A.AA.E1.8B.A8"></span>ቱርኪየ</h1></div> <ul><li>ዓንቀጽ</li> <li>ክትዕ</li></ul> <ul><li>እዚ</li> <li>ምንጪ ርአ</li> <li>ሕሉፍ ርአ</li></ul> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> <p>ዊኪፒዲያ፡ እቲ ነጻ ኢንሳይክሎፒዲያ </p><p>እዚ ጽሑፍ ብዛዕባ ሓንቲ ሃገር እዩ። ንኻልእ ኣጠቓቕማታት ፡ ቱርኪ (disambiguation) ርአ ። </p><p>ኮርዲኔት : 39°56′N, 32°50′E ( ካርታ ) </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">ሪፓብሊክ ቱርኪየ </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">ባንዴራ </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><b>ሃገራዊ መዝሙር</b> <p>ሰልፊ ናጽነት </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">ቱርኪየ ቦታ (ቀጠልያ) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">ካርታ ቱርኪየ </td></tr> <tr> <th>ርእሰ ከተማ </th> <td>ኣንካራ <p>39°56′K 32°50′D </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>ዝዓበየት ከተማ </th> <td>ኢስታንቡል 41°1′N 28°57′E </td></tr> <tr> <th>ወግዓዊ ቋንቋ(ታት) </th> <td>ቱርካዊ </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"> <hr /> </th></tr> <tr> <th>ዝዝረብ ቋንቋታት </th> <td> <ul><li>ቱርካዊ</li> <li>ኩርድ</li> <li>ዓረብኛ</li> <li>ዛዛኪ</li> <li>ካልእ</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th>ብሄረሰባት <p>(2016) </p> </th> <td> <ul><li>ቱርካውያን (70-75%)</li> <li>ኩርዳውያን (19%)</li> <li>ካልኦት (6-11%)</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th>ኣጋንንታዊ </th> <td>ቱርካዊ </td></tr> <tr> <th>መንግስቲ </th> <td>ቅዋማዊት ሪፓብሊክ ምስ ኣሃዳዊ ፕረዚደንታዊ ስርዓት </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>•  ፕረዝደንት </th> <td>ረሲፕ ጣይብ ኤርዶጋን </td></tr> <tr> <th>•  ምክትል ፕረዚደንት። </th> <td>ሴቭደት ይልማዝ </td></tr> <tr> <th>•  ፕረዚደንት ዓቢ ሃገራዊ ባይቶ ቱርኪ </th> <td>ኑማን ኩርቱልሙሽ </td></tr> <tr> <th>•  ፕረዚደንት ሕገ መንግስታዊ ቤት ፍርዲ </th> <td>ዙህቱ ኣርስላን </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th>ሓጋጊ ኣካል </th> <td>ዓቢ ሃገራዊ ባይቶ ቱርኪየ </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">ታሪኽ </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>•  ግዝኣት ኦቶማን </th> <td>እና. 1299 ዓ.ም.ፈ </td></tr> <tr> <th>•  ኲናት ናጽነት </th> <td>19 ግንቦት 1919 ዓ.ም </td></tr> <tr> <th>•  ምኽፋት ዓቢ ሃገራዊ ባይቶ ቱርኪ </th> <td>23 ሚያዝያ 1920 ዓ.ም </td></tr> <tr> <th>•  ውዕል ሎዛን። </th> <td>24 ሓምለ 1923 ዓ.ም </td></tr> <tr> <th>•  ኣዋጅ ሪፓብሊክ </th> <td>29 ጥቅምቲ 1923 ዓ.ም </td></tr> <tr> <th>•  ህሉው ቅዋም </th> <td>9 ሕዳር 1982 ዓ.ም </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">ስፍሓት </th></tr> <tr> <th>• ድምር </th> <td>783,562 ኪ.ሜ <sup>2</sup> ( 36 ) . </td></tr> <tr> <th>• ፀሊም </th> <td><sup>769,632</sup> ኪ.ሜ </td></tr> <tr> <th>• ንሶም እዮም </th> <td><sup>13,930</sup> ኪ.ሜ </td></tr> <tr> <th>• እዮም (%) </th> <td>2.03 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">በዝሒ ህዝቢ </th></tr> <tr> <th>• ቆጸራ ህዝቢ 2023 </th> <td>85,372,377  ( 18 .) </td></tr> <tr> <th>• ጽዓት </th> <td>111/ኪ.ሜ <sup>2</sup> ( 107 .) </td></tr> <tr> <th>GDP  ( ፒፒፒ ) . </th> <td>ናይ 2023 ግምት </td></tr> <tr> <th>• ድምር </th> <td>$3.613 ትሪልዮን  ( 11 .) </td></tr> <tr> <th>• ንሓደ ሰብ </th> <td>$41,887  ( 46 .) </td></tr> <tr> <th>GDP  (ስማዊ) 1.1. </th> <td>ናይ 2023 ግምት </td></tr> <tr> <th>• ድምር </th> <td>1.154 ትሪልዮን ዶላር  ( 17 .) </td></tr> <tr> <th>• ንሓደ ሰብ </th> <td>$13,383  ( 65 .) </td></tr> <tr> <th>ጂኒ  (2019) </th> <td>41.9 <p>ማእከላይ  ·  51. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>ኢገ  (2021) </th> <td>0.838 <p>ኣዝዩ ልዑል  ·  48. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>ገንዘብ </th> <td>ሊራ ቱርኪ ( TRY  ·  ₺ ) ። </td></tr> <tr> <th>ናይ ግዜ ፍልልይ </th> <td>UTC +3 ( TSİ ) </td></tr> <tr> <th>ቅርጺ ዕለት </th> <td>gg/aa/yyyy ( ዓ.ም ) . </td></tr> <tr> <th>ናይ ዋና ቮልቴጅ </th> <td>230V–50Hz ዝበጽሕ እዩ። </td></tr> <tr> <th>ዋሕዚ ትራፊክ </th> <td>ትኽክል </td></tr> <tr> <th>ናይ ቴሌፎን ኮድ </th> <td>+90 </td></tr> <tr> <th>ISO 3166 ኮድ እዩ። </th> <td>ቲ.ኣር </td></tr> <tr> <th>ናይ ኢንተርነት ዶመይን ስም </th> <td>.tr </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>ቱርኪ</b> ወይ ብወግዒ <b>ሪፓብሊክ ቱርኪ</b> ፡ መብዛሕትኡ ግዝኣታ ኣብ ኣናቶልያ ፡ እቲ ካልእ ክፋላ ድማ ኣብ ደቡባዊ ምብራቕ መቐጸልታ ሓውሲ ደሴት ባልካን ትራክስ ዝርከብ ስግረ - ኣህጉር ሃገር ’ ያ ። ብሰሜናዊ ምዕራብ ምስ ቡልጋርያ ፣ ብምዕራብ ምስ ግሪኽ፣ ብሰሜናዊ ምብራቕ ምስ ጆርጅያ ፣ ብምብራቕ ምስ ኣርመንያ ፣ ኢራንን ኣዘርባጃንን ፣ ብደቡባዊ ምብራቕ ድማ ምስ ዒራቕን ሶርያን ይዳወብ ። ብደቡብ ብደሴት ቆጵሮስን ባሕሪ ማእከላይ ባሕርን ፡ ብምዕራብ ባሕሪ ኤጅያን ፡ ብሰሜን ድማ ብጸሊም ባሕሪ ተኸቢባ ኣላ ። ባሕሪ ማርማራ ምስ ቦስፎረስን ዳርዳኔልስን ብሓባር ንኣናቶልያ ካብ ትራክስ ማለት ንኤስያ ካብ ኤውሮጳ ይፈልያ ። </p><p>ኣብ መሬት ቱርኪ ዝነበረ ናይ መጀመርታ ሰፈራታት ኣብ ዘመነ ፓሊዮሊቲክ ’ ዩ ጀሚሩ። ዝተፈላለዩ ጥንታውያን ስልጣነታት ኣናቶልያ ከም ኣብ ምብራቓዊ ትራክስ ዝነበሩ ትራክያውያን ፡ ሄታውያን ፡ ፍሪጅያውያን ፡ ሊድያውያንን ብሰንኪ ወራር ዶርያውያን ካብ ግሪኽ ዝሃደሙ ኣካያውያን ዝተመስረተ ስልጣነ ኣዮናውያንን ስዒቡ ፡ ዘመነ ሄለኒስታዊ ዘመነ ሄለኒስታዊ ዕብለላን ስዕረትን ናይ ’ ቲ ... ንጉስ መቄዶንያ ኣሌክሳንደር ዓቢ . ጸኒሑ ፡ ግዝኣት ሮማን ዘመነ ቢዛንታይንን ነይሩ፣ ኣብዚ እዋን እዚ ኣናቶልያ ክርስትያናዊት ኮይና . ምስቲ ኣብ 1071 ብሰልጁካውያን ቱርካውያን ኣንጻር ቢዛንታይን ዝተዓወተ ውግእ ማንዚከርት ፡ ኣብ ኣናቶልያ ዝነበረ ልዕልና ቢዛንታይን ብዓቢኡ ተበቲኹ፡ ኣናቶልያ ድማ በቶም ምስ ሰልጁካውያን ዝተኣሳሰሩ ጎይቶት ቱርኪ ኣብ ሓጺር ግዜ ተታሒዛ፡ ንጥፈታት እስልምናን ቱርኪ ምግባርን ድማ ተጀሚሩ መሬታት ኣናቶልያ። ኣብ ኮንያ ዝመደበሩ ኣናቶልያዊ ሰልጁክ ሱልጣንነት ኣብ ልዕሊ ካልኦት ኣብ ኣናቶልያ ዝነበሩ መንግስታት ቱርኪ ቀልጢፉ ዕብለላ ዝረኸበ ፡ ንኣናቶልያ ክሳብ እቲ ኣብ 1243 ኣንጻር ሞንጎላውያን ዝተሳዕረ ውግእ ኮሰዳግ ይገዝእ ነበረ። ድሕሪ ወራራት ሞንጎላውያን ኣብ ኣናቶልያ ዝደኸመት ሃገር ሰልጁክ ኣናቶልያ ፡ ኣብ ኣናቶልያ ብዝነበረ ሓደስቲ መንግስታት ቱርኪ ተተኪኣ። </p><p>ካብ መወዳእታ መበል 13 ክፍለ ዘመን ጀሚሩ ኣብ ምዕራባዊ ኣናቶልያ ካብ ዝነበራ ርእሰ መንግስታት ቱርኪ ኮይኖም ናብ ቅድሚት ዝመጹን ናጽነት ዝረኸቡን ኦቶማን ፡ ኣብ መበል 14 ክፍለ ዘመን ኣብ መሬታት ባልካን ብዝገበሩ ስዕረታት ዓቢ ሓይሊ ኮይኖም ኣብ ልዕሊ ካልኦት ርእሰ መንግስታት ቱርኪ ዓብላልነት መስሪቶም ኣብ ኣናቶልያ . ኦቶማንስ ፡ ካልኣይ ኣብ 1453። መሕመድ ንኢስታንቡል ስዒሩ ንሃጸይነት ቢዛንታይን መወዳእታ ምስ ገበረቶ ኢምፓየር ኰነት ። እቲ ሃጸያዊ ግዝኣት ኣብ መበል 16 ክፍለ ዘመን ብፍላይ ኣብ ግዜ ንግስነት ሱሌማን ቀዳማይ ዝለዓለ ጥርዙ በጺሑ ። II ኣብ 1683 ዓ . ከም ውጽኢት ናይቲ ድሕሪ ከበባ ቪየናን ን15 ዓመታት ዝቐጸለ ኲናት ቅዱስ ኪዳንን ዝረኸቦ ስዕረት፡ ሃጸያዊ ግዝኣት ኦቶማን ኣብ ልዕሊ ኤውሮጳ ዝነበሮ ልዕልና ኣብ መወዳእታ በጽሐ። </p><p>ኣብ መበል 19 ክፍለ ዘመን እቲ ሃጸያዊ ግዝኣት ናብ ታንዚማት ዝበሃል ከቢድ መስርሕ ዘመናዊ ምግባር ኣተወ ። ኣብ ታሪኽ ቱርኪ ናይ መጀመርታ ጽሑፋዊ ቅዋም ብምእዋጅን ኣብ 1876 ባይቶ ብምኽፋትን ዝጀመረ ቀዳማይ ቅዋማዊ ንግስነት ዘመን ክሳብ 1878 ዝጸንሐ ኮይኑ ፡ ብ1908 ግን ብኻልኣይ ቅዋማዊ ዘመን ተዛዚሙ ። ቅዋማዊ ንግስነት ተኣዊጁ እቲ ቅዋም መሊሱ ኣብ ግብሪ ወዓለ። ይኹን እምበር፡ እቲ ጽገናታት ነቲ ሃጸያዊ ግዝኣት ንኸይበታተን ኪዓግቶ ኣይከኣለን . እቲ ብ1914 ዝጀመረ ቀዳማይ ኲናት ዓለም ዝኣተወ ሃጸያዊ ግዝኣት፡ ብወገን ማእከላይ ሓይልታት ፡ ብሰንኪ እቲ ኲናት ተሳዒሩ፡ ብ30 ጥቅምቲ 1918 ኩሉ ሰራዊት ኢዱ ክህብ ዝብል ቅድመ ኩነት ተቐቢሉ፡ ብድሕሪኡ ድማ ብ... መሓዙት ሓይልታት . ከም ውጽኢት ናይቲ ብ16 መጋቢት 1920 ንኢስታንቡል ብምሓዛ ፡ ንገለ ኣባላት ባይቶ ብምእሳርን ምስጓጉን፡ ባይቶ ተዓጽዩ ፡ ዓቢ ሃገራዊ ባይቶ ቱርኪ ድማ ብ23 ሚያዝያ 1920 ኣብ ኣንካራ ብመሪሕነት ሙስጣፋ ከማል ፓሻ ተመስረተ ። ኲናት ናጽነት (1919-1922) ኣንጻር እቶም ኣብ ትሕቲ መሪሕነቱ ዝነበሩ ጎበጥቲ ሓይልታት ዕዉት ኮይኑ ንግስነት ኦቶማንን ግዝኣት ኦቶማንን ድማ ብዓቢ ሃገራዊ ባይቶ ቱርኪ ብ1 ሕዳር 1922 ሱልጣንነት ምስተሰረዘ ታሪኽ ኮይኑ ። ድሕሪ ምእዋጅ ሪፓብሊክ ብ29 ጥቅምቲ 1923 ፣ ምድምሳስ ካሊፋትን ስደት ስርወ መንግስቲ ኦቶማን ኣብ ወጻኢ ሃገራት ብ3 መጋቢት 1924ን ኣብ ምቛም ዘመናዊ ኣገዳሲ ቦታ ዝህልዎ ተኸታታሊ ሰውራታት ተኻይዱ ቱርኪ . </p><p>ቱርኪ ብፕረዚደንታዊ ስርዓት እትመሓደር ዲሞክራስያዊትን ዓለማውን ኣሃዳዊት ቅዋማዊት ሪፓብሊክ ’ ያ ። እቲ ወግዓዊ ቋንቋ ቱርኪ ኮይኑ፡ ቋንቋ መበቆል 85% ህዝቢ ’ ዩ ። ካብ 70-80% ናይታ ሃገር ብቱርካውያን ፡ ዝተረፈ ድማ ብመሰረት ውዕል ሎዛን ብሕጋዊ ኣፍልጦ ዘለዎም ሃገራት ( ቡልጋርያውያን ፡ ኣርመንያውያን ፡ ግሪኻውያን ፡ ኣሶራውያንን ኣይሁድን ) ፡ ከምኡ ’ ውን ብሕጊ ኣፍልጦ ዘይብሎም ኩርዳውያንን ካልኦት ህዝብታትን ( ኣልባንያውያን ፡ ቦዝንያውያን ፡ ሲርካስያውያን ጆርጅያውያን ፣ ላዝን ዛዛን ወዘተ ) ዝበዝሕ ህዝባ ሱኒ ኣስላም ’ ዩ ። ኣባል ማሕበረሰባት ቤት ምኽሪ ኤውሮጳ ፣ ኔቶ ፣ OECD ፣ OSCE ን G-20ን ዝኾነት ቱርኪ ኣብ 1963 ተሓባባሪት ኣባል ቁጠባዊ ማሕበረሰብ ኤውሮጳ ኮይና ፣ ኣብ 1995 ናብ ሕብረት ጉምሩክ ሕብረት ኤውሮጳ ተጸንቢራ ምስ ኤውሮጳዊት ምሉእ ኣባልነት ድርድር ጀሚራ ሕብረት ኣብ 2005 ዓ.ም. ብተወሳኺ እታ ሃገር ኣባል ከም ውድብ ሃገራት ቱርኪ ፣ ኣህጉራዊ ውድብ ባህሊ ቱርኪ ፣ ውድብ እስላማዊ ምትሕግጋዝን ውድብ ቁጠባዊ ምትሕግጋዝን ዝኣመሰላ ትካላት እያ ። ሎሚ ቱርኪ ሳላ ወተሃደራዊ ዓቕማን ዲፕሎማስያዊ ተበግሶታታን ከም ዞባዊት ሓይሊ ትቑጸር ፤ ኣብ መስቀላዊ መንገዲ ኣህጉራት ኤውሮጳን ኤስያን ስለ እትርከብ ኣገዳሲ ጂኦስትራተጂካዊ ሓይሊ ኣለዋ ። </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ስነ-ቓል_ስነ-ቓል"><span id=".E1.88.B5.E1.8A.90-.E1.89.93.E1.88.8D_.E1.88.B5.E1.8A.90-.E1.89.93.E1.88.8D"></span>ስነ-ቓል ስነ-ቓል</h2></div> <p>ቀንዲ ጽሑፍ ፡ ስም ቱርኪ </p><p>ስም ቱርኪ ካብቲ " ቱርኪ " ዝብል ናይ ብሄር መንነት ስም ዝመጸ እዩ።  እቲ መበቆላዊ መልክዕ ናይዛ ሎሚ እትብል ቃል ንመጀመርታ ግዜ ኣብ መበል 12 ክፍለ ዘመን ብኢጣልያውያን ንናይ ማእከላይ ዘመን ላቲን ከም <i>ቱርቺያ</i> ወይ <i>ቱርክሜንያ</i> ንናይ ሎሚ መሬት ቱርኪ ተጠቒሞም ዝተፈጥረት እያ ።  ብተወሳኺ ኣብ ማእከላይ ዘመን ዝነበሩ ጀርመናውያን ተጓዓዝቲ ነቲ ዞባ <i>ቱርከይ</i> ወይ <i>ተርከንላንድ</i> ኢሎም ይጽውዕዎ ነበሩ ፣ ፈረንሳውያን ድማ <i>ቱርኪ</i> ኢሎም ይጽውዕዎ ነበሩ ። </p><p>ናይ ግሪኽ መተሓባበሪ ናይዚ ቃል <i>ቱርክያ</i> ( ብግሪኽ :  Τουρκία )፣ ሃጸይ ቢዛንታይንን ምሁርን ሄንሪ ሳብዓይ እዩ። ኮንስታንቲኖስ ኣብታ <i>De Administrando Imperio</i> እትብል መጽሓፉ ዝተጠቕመላ ።  ግዝኣት ኦቶማን ሓሓሊፉ ብኻልኦት እዋናውያን ሃገራት <i>ቱርኪ</i> ወይ <i>ግዝኣት ቱርኪ</i> ተባሂሉ ይፍለጥ ነበረ ። </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ታሪኽ"><span id=".E1.89.B3.E1.88.AA.E1.8A.BD"></span>ታሪኽ</h2></div> <p>ቀንዲ ጽሑፍ ፡ ታሪኽ ቱርኪ </p><p>ከምኡውን ርአ፦ ታሪኽ ኣናቶልያን ታሪኽ ባልካንን ። </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ቅድመ_ታሪኽ"><span id=".E1.89.85.E1.8B.B5.E1.88.98_.E1.89.B3.E1.88.AA.E1.8A.BD"></span>ቅድመ ታሪኽ</h3></div> <p>ቀንዲ ጽሑፋት ፡ ቅድመ ታሪኽ ኣናቶልያን ቅድመ ታሪኽ ባልካንን </p><p>ከምኡውን ርአ፦ ዝርዝር ጥንታውያን መንግስታት ኣናቶልያን ትራክያንን ። </p><p>እቲ ዝጸንሐ ስነ-ጥንታዊ ርኽበት ኣብ ሓውሲ ደሴት ኣናቶልያ ፡ መብዛሕትኡ ናይ ሎሚ መሬት ቱርኪ ዝቖመ ፡ ኣብ ሩባ ገዲዝ ዝተረኽበ መሳርሒ እምኒ ኮይኑ ፡ ካብ 1.24 ክሳብ 1.17 ሚልዮን ዓመት ዝዕድሚኡ እዩ።  ኣብ ኣናቶልያ ብፍላይ ኣብ ደቡባውን ደቡባዊ ምብራቕን ክፋላት እታ ሃገር ናይ መጀመርታ ዝፍለጡ ሰፈራታት ካብ ዘመነ ኣረጊት እምኒ ዝጅምሩ እዮም ።  እቲ Göbeklitepe ዝበሃል ስነ-ጥንታዊ ቦታ ፡ ኣብ ከባቢ 9600 ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ከም ዝጅምር ዝግመት ኮይኑ ፡ ኣብ ዓለም እቲ ዝጸንሐ ዝፍለጥ ሰብ ዝሰርሖ ህንጻ እዩ።  ኣብ ማእከላይ ኣናቶልያ ዝርከብ ቻታልሆዩክ ፡ ካብ 7500 ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ወይ 5700 ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ዝጅምር ኮይኑ ዝሕሰብ ፡ ካብ ዘመነ ኒዮሊቲክን ዘመነ ነሓስን ኣብ ዓለም እቲ ዝዓበየን ዝበለጸን ዝተዓቀበ ሰፈራ እዩ ።  እቲ ኣብ መንጎ 8200ን 6000ን ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ከም ዝተሃንጸ ዝግመት ሰፈራ ቻዮኑ እውን ከም ኣብነት ናይዞም መዋቕራት ክቐርብ ይከኣል። ኣብ ቻናካለ ዝርከብ ኣብ ትሮይ ዝነበረ ሰፈራታት ኣብ ዘመነ ኒዮሊቲክ ዝጀመረ ኮይኑ ክሳብ ዘመነ ሓጺን ቀጺሉ። </p><p>ዝተፈላለዩ ኣህዛብ ብሉይ ኣናቶልያ ክሳብ መጀመርታ ዘመነ ኒዮሊቲክ ኣብቲ ዞባ ጸንሑ።  ብዙሓት ካብዞም ህዝብታት ቋንቋታት ኣናቶልያ ይዛረቡ ነበሩ፣ እዚኦም ድማ ከም ጨንፈር ስድራቤት ቋንቋታት ኢንዶ-ኣውሮጳውያን ይቑጸሩ ።  ገለ ተመራመርቲ ስነ-ፍልጠት ፡ ቋንቋታት ኢንዶ-ኣውሮጳ ካብ ቋንቋ ሄታውያንን ቋንቋ ሉዊያንን ከም ዝተዘርግሑ ይሕብሩ፡ እዚኦም እውን ጥንታውያን ቋንቋታት ኣናቶልያ እዮም።  ብተወሳኺ ፡ ኣብ ኣህጉር ኤውሮጳ ንእሽቶ ክፋል ቱርኪ ዝቖመት ምብራቓዊት ትራስ ፡ ቅድሚ 40 ሽሕ ዓመት ዝጅምር ናይ ሰፈራ ታሪኽ ዘለዋ ኮይና፡ ነበርቲ ናይቲ ዞባ ድማ ሕርሻ ጀሚሮም ናብ ዘመነ ኒዮሊቲክ ኣትዮም ቅድሚ ክርስቶስ 6000 ዓመት ኣትዮም። </p><p>ቀዳሞት ዝፍለጡ ነበርቲ ኣናቶልያ ሕብረተሰባት ሃቲን ሁርያን እዮም ። እዞም ክልተ ሕብረተሰባት፡ ህዝብታት ኢንዶ-ኣውሮጳ ዘይነበሩ፡ ኣብ ከባቢ 2300 ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ኣብ ማእከላይን ምብራቓውን ኣናቶልያ ይነብሩ ነይሮም። ሃቲን ሁርያውያንን ብሄታውያን ተተኪኦም ፡ እቶም ሓደ ካብ ህዝብታት ኢንዶ-ኣውሮጳውያን ዝኾኑ ሄታውያን ኣብ መንጎ 2000ን 1700ን ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ናብ ኣናቶልያ ምስ መጹ እዮም። ሄታውያን ኣብ መበል 13 ክፍለ ዘመን ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ኣብቲ ዞባ ናይ መጀመርታ ዓቢ መንግስቲ መስሪቶም። ኣሶራውያን እውን ካብ 1950 ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ክሳብ 612 ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ኣብ ደቡባዊ ምብራቓዊ መሬታት ናይ ሕጂ ቱርኪ ስዒሮም ሰፈሩ።  ኡራትያውያን ኣብ 9ይ ክፍለ ዘመን ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ኣብ ሰሜን ዝነበሩ ኣሶራውያን ሓያላት ተቐናቐንቲ ምዃኖም ብጽሑፋት ኣሶር ተረጋጊጹ ።  ድሕሪ 612 ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ዝኾነ ከቢድ ጽልዋ ከሕድሩ ዘይከኣሉ ኡራትያውያን ብ590 ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ካብ ኢራን ብዝመጹ ሜዳውያን ተደምሲሶም ። </p><p>ድሕሪ ምፍራስ ናይቲ ኣብ ልዕሊ ማእከላይ ኣናቶልያ ዓቢ ዓብላልነት ዝመስረተ ግዝኣት ሄታ ፡ ኣብ ከባቢ 1180 ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ፡ ፍሪጅያ ፡ ሓንቲ ካብ ህዝብታት ኢንዶ-ኣውሮጳውያን ዝኾነት ፍሪጅያውያን ዝተመስረተት ፡ ክሳብ መጥቃዕቲ ሲመርያውያን ኣብ 7ይ ኣብ ኣናቶልያ ልዕልና ረኺባ ክፍለ ዘመን ቅ.ል.ክ .  ድሕሪ ፍሪጅያ ፡ ሃገራት ሊድያ ፡ ካርያን ሊቅያን ስልጣን ረኺበን ኣብቲ ዞባ ድምጺ ረኺበን ።  ኣብ ዓውዲ ቁጠባ ኣብ ቅድሚት ዝመጹ ሊድያውያን ፡ ኣብ ምዕራባዊ ኣናቶልያ ህላወኦም ቀጺሎም ክሳብ ብ546 ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ብኣካሜኒድ ገዛኢ ቂሮስ ዓቢ ዝጠፍኡ ። </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ጥንታዊነት፡_ዘመነ_ሄለኒስትን_ዘመነ_ቢዛንታይንን።"><span id=".E1.8C.A5.E1.8A.95.E1.89.B3.E1.8B.8A.E1.8A.90.E1.89.B5.E1.8D.A1_.E1.8B.98.E1.88.98.E1.8A.90_.E1.88.84.E1.88.88.E1.8A.92.E1.88.B5.E1.89.B5.E1.8A.95_.E1.8B.98.E1.88.98.E1.8A.90_.E1.89.A2.E1.8B.9B.E1.8A.95.E1.89.B3.E1.8B.AD.E1.8A.95.E1.8A.95.E1.8D.A2"></span>ጥንታዊነት፡ ዘመነ ሄለኒስትን ዘመነ ቢዛንታይንን።</h3></div> <p>ሰፈራታት ኤዮልያን ፣ ኣዮንያንን ግሪኽን ብሰፊሑ ኣብ ገማግም ባሕሪ ኣናቶልያ ኣብ ከባቢ 1200 ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ጀሚሩ ። ብዙሓት ኣገደስቲ ከተማታት በዞም ሰፋሮ ዝተመስረታ ከም ሚሌጦስ ፡ ኤፌሶን ፡ ስሚርናን ቢዛንታይንን ዝኣመሰላ ። ኣብ መወዳእታ ከተማ መጋራ ብመግዛእቲ ግሪኽ ብ657 ቅ.ል.ክ. ከምኡ ውን ኣብዚ እዋን እዚ ኣብ 6ይ ክፍለ ዘመን ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ብስርወ መንግስቲ ኦሮንቲድ ኣርመንያ ኣብተን ሕጂ ዘለዋ ምብራቓዊ መሬታት ቱርኪ ሃገር ተመስረተት ። </p><p>ኣናቶልያ ኣብ 6ይን 5ይን ክፍለ ዘመን ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ኣብ ትሕቲ ግዝኣት ኣከመኒድ ኢምፓየር ፡ ናይ ፋርስ ሃገር ኣትያ ፡ እዚ ልኡላውነት እዚ ድማ ክሳብ ስዕረት ንጉስ መቄዶንያ ኣሌክሳንደር ዓቢ ኣብ 334 ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ቀጺሉ።  ኣሌክሳንደር ናብ ውሽጣዊ ክፋል ኣናቶልያ ገስገሰ፤ ኣብ ፍሪግያን ቀጶዶቅያን ኣብ መወዳእታ ድማ ኣብ ቂልቅያ በጽሐት ። ድሕሪኡ ፡ ኣብቲ ኣብ ከባቢ ኢስከንደሩን ( ኣንታክያ ) ዝተኻየደ ውግእ ኢሱስ ፡ ብድሕሪኡ ድማ ኣብቲ ኣብ ከባቢ ዒራቕ ዝተኻየደ ውግእ ጋውጋሜላ ፡ ገዛኢ ኣካመኒድ ሳልሳይ። ንዳርዮስ ኣዕነዎ ። ጸኒሑ ፋርስ ንጉስ ሳልሳይ። ንዳርዮስ ኣውዲቑ ንሃጸይነት ኣካመኒድ ምሉእ ብምሉእ ሰዓሮ ። ዓቢ ስዕረት ዘጋጠሞ ዳርዮስ ፡ ናብ ምብራቕ ኤፍራጥስ ተሰዲዱ ፡ በዚ ድማ ዕብለላ ፋርስ ኣብ ኣናቶልያ ኣብቂዑ። </p><p>ኣብ ግዜ ንግስነት ኣሌክሳንደር ዓቢ ፡ ምንቅስቓስ ባህላዊ ምትሕውዋስን ሄለኒዜሽንን ተጀሚሩ።  ድሕሪ ሃንደበታዊ ሞት ኣሌክሳንደር ኣብ ባቢሎን ብ323 ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ኣናቶልያ ተኸፋፊላ ንኣሽቱ ሄለኒስታዊ መንግስታት ተቐልቀላ። እዘን ኩለን መንግስታት ኣብ መፋርቕ 1ይ ክፍለ ዘመን ቅድሚ ልደተ ክርስቶስ ኣካል ሪፓብሊክ ሮማ ኮይነን እየን።  እቲ ብኣሌክሳንደር ዓቢ ምስ ስዕረታቱ ዝተበገሰ ምንቅስቓስ ሄለናይዜሽን ፡ ኣብ ግዜ ግዝኣት ሮማ ተቐላጢፉ። በዚ ምኽንያት እዚ ፡ ኣብ ዝሓለፉ ዘመናት ዝነበረ ቋንቋታትን ባህልታትን ኣናቶልያ ጠፊኡ ብቋንቋን ባህልን ግሪኽ ተተኪኡ። </p><p>ብ324 ሃጸይ ሮማ ቆስጠንጢኖስ ቀዳማይ ንርእሰ ከተማ ናይቲ ግዝኣት ናብ ቢዛንታይን ኣግዒዙ ስም እታ ከተማ ናብ ኖቫ ሮማ ቀየሮ ። ክልተ ደቂ ሃጸይ ቴዎዶስዮስ ቀዳማይ (379-395) ድሕሪ ሞት ኣቦኦም ብ395 ንሃጸይነት ሮማ ኣብ ክልተ ክፋላት ማለት ምብራቕን ምዕራብን መቒሎምዎ ። እታ ርእሰ ከተማኣ ሮማ ኮይና ዝጸንሐት ምዕራባዊት ግዝኣት ሮማ ብ476 ፈረሰት። እታ ብህዝቢ ቁስጥንጥንያ (ኢስታንቡል) ተባሂላ እትፍለጥ ከተማ ፡ ርእሰ ከተማ ምብራቓዊ ግዝኣት ሮማ ኰነት . እቲ ድሒሩ ብሃጸያዊ ግዝኣት ቢዛንታይን ዝፍለጥ ምብራቓዊ ግዝኣት ሮማ ፡ ንዓቢ ክፋል ናይ ሎሚ መሬት ቱርኪ ዓብሊሉ ክሳብ 1453 ቀጺሉ ነበረ፣ ቱርካውያን ኦቶማን ኢስታንቡል ምስ ሓዙ ። </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ሰልጁክን_ግዝኣት_ኦቶማንን_ዝበሃሉ_ምዃኖም_ይፍለጥ"><span id=".E1.88.B0.E1.88.8D.E1.8C.81.E1.8A.AD.E1.8A.95_.E1.8C.8D.E1.8B.9D.E1.8A.A3.E1.89.B5_.E1.8A.A6.E1.89.B6.E1.88.9B.E1.8A.95.E1.8A.95_.E1.8B.9D.E1.89.A0.E1.88.83.E1.88.89_.E1.88.9D.E1.8B.83.E1.8A.96.E1.88.9D_.E1.8B.AD.E1.8D.8D.E1.88.88.E1.8C.A5"></span>ሰልጁክን ግዝኣት ኦቶማንን ዝበሃሉ ምዃኖም ይፍለጥ</h3></div> <p>ኦጉዝ ቱርካውያን ኣስላም ምስ ዝኾኑ ናብ እስላማዊ ዓለም ቀሪቦም ሰፊሮም ኣብ 9ይ ክፍለ ዘመን ኣብ ሰሜን ባሕሪ ካስፒያንን ባሕሪ ኣራልን ክሰፍሩ ጀመሩ ።  ካብ መበል 10 ክፍለ ዘመን ጀሚሮም ሰልጁካውያን ካብታ ኣቦታቶም ዝነብሩላ ዓዶም ማእከላይ ኤስያ ናብ ምዕራብ ክስደዱ ጀመሩ ፣ ንዓዲ ፋርስ ኣብ ውሽጢ ዶባቶም ብምሕዋስ ዓባይ ሃገር ሰልጁክ መስሪቶም ። </p><p>ኣብ ካልኣይ መፋርቕ መበል 11 ክፍለ ዘመን ፡ ሰልጁካውያን ኣብ ምብራቓዊ ዞባታት ኣናቶልያ ክሰፍሩን ክዘምሩን ጀመሩ። ኣብ 1071 ኣብ ግዜ ንግስነት ሱልጣን ኣልፕ ኣርስላን ፣ ድሕሪ ውግእ ማንዚከርት ኣብ መንጎ ሰልጁካውያን ቱርካውያንን ግዝኣት ቢዛንታይንን ዓወት ሰልጁካውያን፣ ምንቅስቓስ ቱርኪ ምግባርን እስልምና ምግባርን ኣብ መሬት ኣናቶልያ ተጀሚሩ።  በዚ ምንቅስቓስ እዚ ቋንቋታት ቱርኪን እስልምናን ኣብ ኣናቶልያ ተኣታትዮምን ተዘርጊሖምን ። በዚ ድማ ኣብቲ ዞባ ልሙድ ዝነበረ ክርስትናን ግሪኽን ፡ በብቑሩብ ብእስልምናን ባህሊ ቱርኪን ተተኪኡ ። </p><p>ድሕሪ ምብትታን ዓቢ ግዝኣት ሰልጁክ ፡ እቲ ኣብ ኣናቶልያ ንኻልኦት መንግስታት ቱርኪ ዝዕብለል ዝነበረ ኣናቶልያ ሰልጁክ ሱልጣንነት ፡ ንኣናቶልያ ንነዊሕ እዋን ይገዝኣ ነበረ። ርእሰ ከተማኦም ኢዝኒክ ዝነበረት ኣናቶልያውያን ሰልጁካውያን፡ ኢዝኒክ ኣብ ቀዳማይ መስቀላዊ ውግእ ብቢዛንታይን ምስ ተታሕዘት ፡ ብ1097 ብሱልጣን ኪሊች ኣርስላን ቀዳማይ ርእሰ ከተማኦም ናብ ኮንያ ኣግዒዞም ፡ ካብታ ዕለት እቲኣ ጀሚሮም ድማ ኮንያ ርእሰ ከተማ መንግስቲ ሰልጁክ ኮይና። ኣብ ዘመነ ሱልጣን ኣላዒዲን ቀይኩባድ ቀዳማይ ወርቃዊ ዘመኖም ዘስተማቐሩ ሰልጁካውያን ድሕሪ ሞት ኣላዒዲን ቀዳማይ ናብ ናይ ደውታ እዋን ኣትዮም። </p><p>ሞንጎላውያን ንሞት ኣላዒዲን ቀይኩባድ ከም ዕድል ወሲዶም ናብ ምብራቓዊ ዶብ ሰልጁካውያን ብምጥቃዕ ናብ ኣናቶልያ ክኣትዉ ፈቲኖም። ከም ሓቂ ኣብ ውግእ ኮሰዳግ ኣብ መንጎ መንግስቲ ሰልጁክ ኣናቶልያን ሞንጎላውያንን ኣብ ትሕቲ ትእዛዝ ባይኩ ኖያን ብ1243 ምስ ተሳዕረ ፡ ኣናቶልያ ኣብ ትሕቲ መግዛእቲ ሞንጎላውያን ኣተወት፡ መንግስቲ ሰልጁክ ኣናቶልያ ድማ ተዳኺማ ብስነመንግስታት ቱርኪ ተተኪኣ።  ካብዞም ርእሰ-መንግስታት ፡ ኣብ ከባቢ ሶጉትን ቢለቺክን ዝተመስረተ ርእሰ-መንግስቲ ኦስማኖጉላሪ ፡ ኣብ መወዳእታ መበል 13 ክፍለ ዘመን ናጽነቱ ኣዊጁ ። </p><p>ብዑስማን ጋዚ ዝምራሕ ምምሕዳር ኦስማኖጉላሪ ኣብ ዝቐጸሉ ዓመታት በብቑሩብ እናዓበየ ኣብ ልዕሊ ኣናቶልያ ፡ ባልካን ፡ ሰሜን ኣፍሪቃን ሌቫንትን ዓብላልነት መስረተ ። ኣብ 1453 ዓ.ም.ፈ. ብመሪሕነት መሕመድ ርእሰ ከተማ ሃጸያዊ ግዝኣት ቢዛንታይን ዝኾነት ቁስጥንጥንያ ተሳዒራ እታ ግዝኣት ታሪኽ ኮይና።  ድሕሪ እዚ ፍጻመ እዚ ኦቶማን ሃጸያዊ ግዝኣት ኰኑ . </p><p>ብ1514 ፡ ቀዳማይ ሰሊም ኣብ ውግእ ካልዲራን ንገዛኢ ሳፋዊ ሻህ እስማዒል ስዒሩ ዶባት ናይቲ ግዝኣት ናብ ምብራቕ ኣስፊሑ። ብ1517 ንሌቫንት፣ ግብጽን ኣልጀርያን ሒዙ ነቲ ኣብ ግብጺ ዝነበረ ምሕደራ ሱልጣንነት ማምሉክ ኣጥፊኡ ፣ እስላማዊ ካሊፋት ናብ ግዝኣት ኦቶማን ከም ዝሓልፍ ኣረጋጊጹ ። ብድሕሪ ’ ዚ ኣብ መንጎ ግዝኣታት ኦቶማንን ፖርቱጋልን ኣብ ቀይሕ ባሕሪ ፡ ባሕሪ ዓረብን ወሽመጥ ፋርስን ዝተፈላለየ ናይ ሓይሊ ባሕሪ ውግኣት ተኻይዱ ኣብ ህንዳዊ ውቅያኖስ ልዕልና ንምርካብ ተኻይዱ ። ፖርቱጋላውያን ኣብ ልዕሊ ህንዲ ዝነበሮም ዕብለላ ብኦቶማን ከም ሓደጋ ተረዲኦምዎ። ምኽንያቱ ፡ ሳላ ኣብ መወዳእታ መበል 15 ክፍለ ዘመን ዝተራእየ ጂኦግራፊያዊ ርኽበታት ፡ ርኽበት ኬፕ ኦፍ ሰናይ ተስፋን ኣህጉር ኣመሪካን ፡ ኣብ መንጎ ምብራቕ ኤስያን ምዕራብ ኤውሮጳን ንግዲ ዝህቡ ዝነበሩ ኣረጊት መስመራት ንግዲ ፡ ኦቶማን ዝሓዝዎ፡ ናቶም ክስእኑ ገይርዎም ኣገዳስነትን ንቁጠባ ኦቶማን ብኣሉታ ዝጸለዎን ’ ዩ ። </p><p>ግዝኣት ኦቶማን ኣብ መበል 16ን 17ን ክፍለ ዘመን ብፍላይ ኣብ ግዜ ንግስነት ሱሌማን ቀዳማይ ኣብ ጥርዚ ታሪኹ በጺሑ። ኣብዚ እዋን እዚ እቲ መሬት ብሸነኽ ምዕራብ ናብ ቅዱስ ሃጸያዊ ግዝኣት ሮማ ገጹ ብምስፋሕ መላእ ባልካን፣ ማእከላይ ኤውሮጳን ደቡባዊ ክፋል ፖላንድን ተታሒዙ።  ሓይሊ ባሕሪ ኦቶማን ኣብ ባሕሪ ኣብ ዝተፈላለየ ውድድራት ብምእታው ዓወት ረኺቡ። ባርባሮስ ሃይረዲን ፓሻ ብ1538 ኣብ ውግእ ፕረቨዛ ንመስቀላውያን ምስ ሰዓረ ፡ እቲ ሃጸያዊ ግዝኣት ኣብ ማእከላይ ባሕሪ ዝነበሮ ምቁጽጻር እናወሰኸ ከደ። ኣብ. </p><p>ሃጸያዊ ግዝኣት ኦቶማን ኣብ ምዕራብ ኤውሮጳ ዝተፈጸመ ሓደስቲ ምዕባለታት ከም ህዳሴ ፣ ሳይንሳዊ ሰውራ ፣ ዘመነ ምብራህን ኢንዱስትርያዊ ሰውራን ናብ ሃገሩ ከምጽእ ብዘይምኽኣሉ ካብ ግዜ ድሕሪት ተሪፉ ።  ድሕሪ ምዝዛም ውግኣት ቅዱስ ኪዳንን ኣብ 1699 ዝተፈረመ ውዕል ካርሎዊትዝን ፡ ሃጸያዊ ግዝኣት ኦቶማን ቀስ ብቐስ ክጎድል ጀመረ ። ብዙሓት ጽገናታትን ኣብ መበል 19 ክፍለ ዘመን ዝተኣወጀ ኣዋጅ ታንዚማትን ነታ ሃገር ዘመናዊ ንምግባር ዝዓለመ እዩ ነይሩ፤ ግን ኣይተዓወተን። ብተወሳኺ ፡ እቲ ንመሬታዊ ምሉእነት እታ ሃገር ንምሕላው ዝማዕበለን ዝተፈላለየ ሃይማኖታውን ብሄራውን መበቆል ዘለዎም ሰባት ብሓባር ክነብሩ ዝብል ሓሳብ ዘጠቓለለ ምንቅስቓስ ኦቶማኒዝም ክዕወት ኣይከኣለን ፡ ምብትታን ክከላኸል ኣይከኣለን .  ኣብ 1854 ኣብ እዋን ኲናት ክሪሚያ ግዝኣት ኦቶማን ንመጀመርታ ግዜ ኣብ ናይ ወጻኢ ዕዳ ኣተወት ; እቲ ዕዳታት ግን ክኽፈል ኣይከኣለን። ኣብ ዝቐጸሉ 20 ዓመታት ኣብ ልዑል ደረጃ ብምብጻሕ ንቁጠባ ናብ ኣፍደገ ምኽሳር ብምድፋእ ንመንግስቲ ኦቶማን ኣብ ኣጸጋሚ ኩነታት ኣእትይዎ።  እዚ ስዒቡ ከም ምብራቓዊ ቅልውላው 1875-78ን ኲናት ሩስያን ቱርክን 1877-78ን ዝኣመሰሉ ሓደጋታት ኣጋጢሞም ። ከም ውጽኢቱ ድማ ቁጠባ ኦቶማን ዕዳታቱ ክኸፍል ብዘይምኽኣሉ ኣብ ዝዓነወሉ እዋን ፡ ዕዳታት ምእካብ ንምርግጋጽ ብኣለቃሕቲ ሃገራት ብ1881 ዓ.ም. በዚ ድማ ምቁጽጻር ኣታዊታት ግዝኣት ኦቶማን ናብ ኢድ እተን ኣለቃሕቲ ሃገራት ተሰጋጊሩ።  ኣብ መጀመርታ መበል 20 ክፍለ ዘመን ግዝኣት ኦቶማን ምስ ሓይልታት ኤውሮጳ ክነጻጸር እንከሎ ኢንዱስትርያዊትን ዘይማዕበለትን ሃገር ኮይና ።  እዚ ከምዚ ኢሉ እናሃለወ፡ ኦቶማናውያን ኣብ ደቡባዊ ምብራቕ ኤስያ ከይተረፈ ጽልዋኦም ዓቂቦም፡ ናብቲ ኣዝዩ ርሑቕ ዝነበረ ትሕትናኦም ዝኾነ ኣቸ ሱልጣንነት ሰራዊት ሰደዱ። </p><p>ዶባትን ወተሃደራዊ ሓይልን ደረጃ ሃብትን ግዝኣት ኦቶማን ቀስ ብቐስ እናነከየ ምስ ከደ ፡ ኣብ ባልካን ዝነብሩ ኣስላም ብሰንኪ ዘጋጠሞም ስደት ናብ ኣናቶልያ ክስደዱ ጀመሩ።  ብተመሳሳሊ ፡ ከም ውጽኢት ናይቲ ሩስያውያን ንመሬታት ካውካሲያ ምውሳድ ፡ ኣብኡ ዝነበሩ ኣስላም ናብ ኣናቶልያ ገጾም ኣቕነዑ።  ኣብተን ናይ መወዳእታ ዓመታት ናይቲ ግዝኣት ፡ ምስ ምምጻእ ሃገራውያን ናዕብታት፡ ኣብ መንጎ ኣህዛብ ዝተፈላለየ ብሄራዊ ወጥሪ ተፈጢሩ፤ እዚ ብሄራዊ ወጥሪ ’ ዚ ፡ ከም ሕቶ ኣርመንያ ዝኣመሰሉ ዝተፈላለዩ ጸገማት ፈጢሩ ።  ሱልጣን ዳግማዊ። እቲ ንልዕሊ ዓቐን ምልካዊ ምሕደራ ዳግማዊ ዓብደልሓሚድ ከም ግብረ መልሲ ዝማዕበለ ምንቅስቓስ መንእሰያት ቱርኪ ፡ ብሰውራ ኣብ 1908 እዩ ጀሚሩ። ቅዋማዊ ንግስነት ተኣዊጁ።  ድሕሪኡ ፡ ወግዓዊ ናጽነት ቡልጋርያ ብ5 ጥቅምቲ 1908 ን ብሓደ ወገን ብኦስትርያ-ሃንጋሪ ብ6 ጥቅምቲ 1908 ምሕዋሳን ፡ ነቲ ኣብታ ሃገር ዝነበረ ህውከት ኣዕበዮ። ነዚ ፍጻመታት እዚ ስዒቡ ኲናት ትሪፖሊ (1911-12) ከምኡውን ውግኣት ባልካን (1912-13) ፣ ህይወትን መሬትን ብዙሓት ሰባት ከም ዝጠፍኡ ኣስዒቡ ። እቲ ብ23 ጥሪ 1913 ኣብ እዋን ቀዳማይ ውግእ ባልካን ዝተኻየደ Sublime Porte Raid ንሰለስተ ፓሻታት ናብ ስልጣን ኣምጺኡ ስልጣን ክሕዙ ምኽንያት ኮይኑ ። </p><p>ግዝኣት ኦቶማን ኣብ ቀዳማይ ውግእ ዓለም ብወገን ማእከላይ ሓይልታት ኣትዩ ኣብቲ ኲናት ተሳዒሩ። ምስቲ ኣብ እዋን ኲናት ምስ ኣርመንያውያን ዝነበረ ዓሌታዊ ወጥሪ ምስ ተጋደደ ዝጸንሐ ሕጊ ምስጓግ ፡ ኣርመንያውያን ካብ ዞባ ምብራቓዊ ኣናቶልያ ናብ ሶርያ ብመንግስቲ ተሰዲዶም ። ኣብ እዋን ስደት ካብ 300,000 ክሳብ 1,500,000 ዝኾኑ ኣርመንያውያን ህይወቶም ከምዝሰኣኑ ዝተፈላለዩ ምንጭታት ይሕብሩ። እዚ ሞት ’ ዚ ብዝተፈላለዩ ምንጭታት ምጽናት ዓሌት ኣርመንያ ተባሂሉ ይግለጽ ’ ዩ ።  ወገን ቱርኪ እቶም ፍጻመታት ምጽናት ዓሌት ከምዘይኮኑን ኣርመንያውያን ጥራይ ከምዝተሰጋገሩን ገሊጹ።  ብዘይካ ኣርመንያውያን ፡ ግሪኻውያንን ኣሶራውያንን እውን እቲ ኲናት ኣብቲ ግዝኣት እናቐጸለ እንከሎ ተቐቲሎም ፡ እዞም ፍጻመታት እዚኣቶም ድማ ብገለ ምንጭታት ከም ምጽናት ዓሌት ተገሊጾም። </p><p>ድሕሪ እቲ ውግእ እቶም ምስቲ ሃጸያዊ ግዝኣት ዚተሓሓዙ ኣህዛብ ተፈላልዮም እተፈላለያ ሓደስቲ መንግስታት መስረቱ .  ብ30 ጥቅምቲ 1918 ግዝኣት ኦቶማን ምስ መሓዙት ሓይልታት ዕርቂ ሙድሮስ ፈረመ ።  እቲ ብ10 ነሓሰ 1920 ዝተኸተመ ውዕል ሰቭረስ ፡ ንመሬታት ኦቶማን ኣብ መንጎ ኪዳን ሓይልታት መቒሉ፡ ኣብ ግብሪ ክውዕል ግን ኣይከኣለን። </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">ካብ «<a dir="ltr" href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ቱርኪ&oldid=24750">https://ti.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ቱርኪ&oldid=24750</a>» ዝተረኽበ</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%89%E1%8B%AD:Categories" title="ፍሉይ:Categories">መደባት</a>፦ <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%8B%B0%E1%89%A5:Pages_with_script_errors" title="መደብ:Pages with script errors">Pages with script errors</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%88%98%E1%8B%B0%E1%89%A5:%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="መደብ:ቱርኪ (ገጽ የለን)">ቱርኪ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%8B%B0%E1%89%A5:%E1%88%83%E1%8C%88%E1%88%AB%E1%89%B5_%E1%8A%A4%E1%8B%8D%E1%88%AE%E1%8C%B3" title="መደብ:ሃገራት ኤውሮጳ">ሃገራት ኤውሮጳ</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%88%98%E1%8B%B0%E1%89%A5:%E1%88%98%E1%8B%8B%E1%89%95%E1%88%AB%E1%89%B5_%E1%88%83%E1%8C%88%E1%88%AB%E1%89%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="መደብ:መዋቕራት ሃገራት (ገጽ የለን)">መዋቕራት ሃገራት</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> እዚ ገጽ እዚ ንመወዳእታ ግዜ ብ31 መጋቢት 2024 ሰዓት 14:41 ተመዓራርዩ ነይሩ።</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">ጽሑፍ ኣብ ትሕቲ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">ፍቓድ ክርኤቲቭ ኮመንዝ ባህርይ ተመሳሳሊ ምክፋል 4.0 (Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License)</a> ይርከብ እዩ፤ ተወሰኽቲ ውዕላት ከተግብሩ ይኽእሉ እዮም። ነዚ መካን እዚ ብምጥቃም፣ ን<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">ውዕላት ኣጠቓቕማ</a>ናን ን<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">ሕጊ ስትረት</a>ናን ትሰማምዓሉ ኢኻ። <br />Wikipedia® ዝተመዝገበ ምልክት ንግድ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikimediafoundation.org/">መሰረት ዊኪሜድያ</a> እዩ፣ መኽሰብ ዘይድልብ ውድብ።</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">ሕጊ ስትረት</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%E1%8B%8A%E1%8A%AA%E1%8D%90%E1%8B%B5%E1%8B%AB">ብዛዕባ ዊኪፔዲያ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%E1%8B%8A%E1%8A%AA%E1%8D%90%E1%8B%B5%E1%8B%AB:General_disclaimer">ናይ ሓላፍነት ደረት</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">ኣማዕበልቲ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/ti.wikipedia.org">ስታቲስቲክስ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">መግለጺ ኩኪታት</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//ti.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA&printable=yes&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">ትርኢት ሞባይል</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-65496f48b4-lgrnw","wgBackendResponseTime":221,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.108","walltime":"0.142","ppvisitednodes":{"value":122,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":3236,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":954,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":7,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":0,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 116.674 1 -total"," 91.05% 106.234 1 ሞደል:Small"," 88.93% 103.760 1 ሞደል:Lang"," 8.82% 10.293 1 ሞደል:መዋቕር-ሃገር"," 3.53% 4.113 1 ሞደል:ጽሑፍ_መልእኽቲ"," 2.51% 2.928 1 ሞደል:Clear"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.065","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":10402529,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5dc468848-bl2bm","timestamp":"20241122230646","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u1271\u122d\u12aa","url":"https:\/\/ti.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q43","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q43","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2016-11-25T09:16:13Z","dateModified":"2024-03-31T14:41:55Z","headline":"\u12a3\u1265 \u12a4\u12cd\u122e\u1333\u1295 \u12a4\u1235\u12eb\u1295 \u12a5\u1275\u122d\u12a8\u1265 \u1203\u1308\u122d"}</script> </body> </html>