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class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Treffpunkt.svg/60px-Treffpunkt.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"512\" /\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\"\u003EOtvoren je \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedija:Zahtjev_za_komentare/Nazivi_%C4%8Dlanaka\" title=\"Wikipedija:Zahtjev za komentare/Nazivi članaka\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EZahtjev za komentare o nazivima članaka\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Mrežno mjesto"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Povijest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povijest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Povijest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Povijest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toridalni_dizajn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toridalni_dizajn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Toridalni dizajn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toridalni_dizajn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zagrijavanje_plazme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zagrijavanje_plazme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Zagrijavanje plazme</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Zagrijavanje_plazme-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Zagrijavanje plazme</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Zagrijavanje_plazme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ohmsko_zagrijavanje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ohmsko_zagrijavanje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Ohmsko zagrijavanje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ohmsko_zagrijavanje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Injektiranje_neutralnog_snopa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Injektiranje_neutralnog_snopa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Injektiranje neutralnog snopa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Injektiranje_neutralnog_snopa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Magnetska_kompresija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magnetska_kompresija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Magnetska kompresija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Magnetska_kompresija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radiofrekvencijsko_zagrijavanje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radiofrekvencijsko_zagrijavanje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Radiofrekvencijsko zagrijavanje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radiofrekvencijsko_zagrijavanje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hlađenje_tokamaka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hlađenje_tokamaka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Hlađenje tokamaka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hlađenje_tokamaka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksperimentalni_tokamaci" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksperimentalni_tokamaci"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Eksperimentalni tokamaci</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Eksperimentalni_tokamaci-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Eksperimentalni tokamaci</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Eksperimentalni_tokamaci-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Trenutno_u_upotrebi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trenutno_u_upotrebi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Trenutno u upotrebi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trenutno_u_upotrebi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Donedavno_u_upotrebi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Donedavno_u_upotrebi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Donedavno u upotrebi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Donedavno_u_upotrebi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Planirano" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Planirano"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Planirano</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Planirano-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Također_pogledajte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Također_pogledajte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Također pogledajte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Također_pogledajte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjske_poveznice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Vanjske poveznice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Sadržaj" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tokamak</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 55 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83" title="توكاماك – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توكاماك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9_(%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7)" title="توکاماک (فیزیک پلاسما) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="توکاماک (فیزیک پلاسما)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Токамак – baškirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Токамак" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Токамак – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Токамак" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak – bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%8C%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BA" title="Τόκαμακ – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τόκαμακ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamako" title="Tokamako – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tokamako" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%A9" title="توکامک – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توکامک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3camac" title="Tócamac – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tócamac" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95" title="टोकामाक – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="टोकामाक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%B8%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Տոկամակ – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տոկամակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%82%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AF%E5%9E%8B" title="トカマク型 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トカマク型" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ტოკამაკი – gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტოკამაკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Токамак – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Токамак" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EC%B9%B4%EB%A7%89" title="토카막 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="토카막" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Токамак – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Токамак" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamakas" title="Tokamakas – litavski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tokamakas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litavski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak – norveški nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak – okcitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Токамак – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Токамак" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak – sicilijski" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak – sinhaleški" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhaleški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="டோகாமாக் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டோகாமாக்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%84" title="โทคาแมค – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โทคาแมค" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Токамак – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Токамак" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tokamak" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%98%E5%8D%A1%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B" title="托卡马克 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="托卡马克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%93%E5%8D%A1%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B" title="拓卡馬克 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="拓卡馬克" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q188589#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Poveznice na druge jezike" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi poveznice</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tokamak" title="Pogledaj sadržaj [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Razgovor:Tokamak&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Razgovorna stranica (stranica ne postoji) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promijeni jezičnu varijantu" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">hrvatski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Pogledi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tokamak"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&action=history" title="Ranije izmjene na ovoj stranici [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pomagala" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pomagala</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pomagala</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Više mogućnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Radnje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tokamak"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&action=history"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Razno </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0to_vodi_ovamo/Tokamak" title="Popis svih stranica koje sadrže poveznice na ovu stranicu [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Što vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Povezane_promjene/Tokamak" rel="nofollow" title="Nedavne promjene na stranicama koje su povezane s navedenom stranicom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane promjene</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Upload" title="Postavi datoteke [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Postavi datoteku</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&oldid=6604262" title="Trajna poveznica na ovu verziju stranice"><span>Trajna poveznica</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&action=info" title="Više informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Podatci o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&page=Tokamak&id=6604262&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije o tome kako citirati ovu stranicu"><span>Citiraj ovu stranicu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Skra%C4%87iva%C4%8D_adresa&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTokamak"><span>Skraćeni URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTokamak"><span>Preuzmi QR kôd</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ispis/izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Zbirka&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Tokamak"><span>Stvori knjigu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=Tokamak&action=show-download-screen"><span>Preuzmi kao PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&printable=yes" title="Inačica za ispis ove stranice [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inačica za ispis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikimedijini projekti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tokamaks" hreflang="en"><span>Zajednički poslužitelj</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q188589" title="Poveznica na stavku na projektu Wikipodatci [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Stavka na Wikipodatcima</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/1987_CPA_5891.jpg/300px-1987_CPA_5891.jpg 2x" data-file-width="565" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption> 1987 marka USSR, obilježava istraživanje termonuklearne fuzije na tokamaku</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Tokamak</b> je stroj za proizvodnju <a href="/wiki/Torus" title="Torus">toroidalnog</a> magnetskog polja za razgraničenje <a href="/wiki/Plazma" class="mw-disambig" title="Plazma">plazme</a>. To je jedan od najviše istraživanih kandidata za proizvodnju kontrolirane <a href="/wiki/Nuklearna_elektrana" title="Nuklearna elektrana">termonuklearne</a> <a href="/wiki/Nuklearna_fuzija" title="Nuklearna fuzija">fuzijske energije</a>. U novije se <a href="/wiki/Vrijeme_(fizika)" title="Vrijeme (fizika)">vrijeme</a> uređaji ovakvog tipa nazivaju zajedničkim imenom <a href="/wiki/Fuzijski_reaktor" title="Fuzijski reaktor">fuzijski reaktori</a>. </p><p>Pojam <b>tokamak</b> je <a href="/wiki/Transliteracija" class="mw-redirect" title="Transliteracija">transliteracija</a> ruske riječi <b>токамак</b> koja je sama po sebi kratica od ruske riječi: "<b>то</b>роидальная <b>ка</b>мера в <b>ма</b>гнитных <b>к</b>атушках" – toroidalna komora s <a href="/wiki/Magnetizam" title="Magnetizam">magnetiziranim</a> <a href="/wiki/Zavojnica" class="mw-disambig" title="Zavojnica">zavojnicama</a> (vjerojatno <i>tochamac</i>). Alternativna, vjerojatno starija, skraćenica postoji, značenja toroidalna komora s aksijalnim magnetskim poljem (<i><b>to</b>roidal'naya <b>kam</b>era s polem <b>ak</b>sial'nym magnitnym</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Izumljen je 1950-ih od strane <a href="/wiki/Sovjetski_Savez" title="Sovjetski Savez">sovjetskih</a> fizičara <a href="/wiki/Igor_Jevgenjevi%C4%8D_Tamm" title="Igor Jevgenjevič Tamm">Igora Jevgenjeviča Tamma</a> i <a href="/wiki/Andrej_Saharov" title="Andrej Saharov">Andreja Saharova</a> (koji je bio inspiriran originalnom idejom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oleg_Lavrentjev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oleg Lavrentjev (stranica ne postoji)">Olega Lavrentjeva</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p><p>Tokamak se odlikuje <a href="/wiki/Azimut" title="Azimut">azimutnom</a> (rotacijskom) simetrijom i uporabom plazme koja prenosi električnu struju za generiranje <a href="/wiki/Spirala" title="Spirala">spiralne</a> komponente magnetskog polja potrebne za stabilnu ravnotežu. To se može usporediti s drugim fuzionim <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reaktor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reaktor (stranica ne postoji)">reaktorom</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stelarator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stelarator (stranica ne postoji)">stelarator</a>, koji ima diskretnu rotacionu simetriju i u kojoj se magnetska polja proizvode od strane vanjskih navoja u kojima se stvara zanemariva <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_struja" title="Električna struja">električna struja</a> koja teče kroz plazmu. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Povijest">Povijest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Povijest" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povijest"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Iako je istraživanje nuklearne fuzije započelo ubrzo nakon <a href="/wiki/Drugi_svjetski_rat" title="Drugi svjetski rat">Drugog svjetskog rata</a>, programi su prvobitno klasificirani. Tek su na konferenciji <a href="/wiki/Ujedinjeni_narodi" title="Ujedinjeni narodi">Ujedinjenih naroda</a> 1955. (International Conference on Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy u Ženevi) ti programi bili otkriveni i međunarodna znanstvena suradnja mogla je nastupiti. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Eksperiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Eksperiment">Eksperimentalna</a> <a href="/wiki/Istra%C5%BEivanja" title="Istraživanja">istraživanja</a> tokamaka započela je 1956. grupa sovjetskih <a href="/wiki/Znanost" title="Znanost">znanstvenika</a> na čelu s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lev_Arcimovi%C4%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lev Arcimovič (stranica ne postoji)">Levom Arcimovičem</a> na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kur%C4%8Datovljev_institut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurčatovljev institut (stranica ne postoji)">Kurčatovljevu institutu</a> u <a href="/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva">Moskvi</a>. Grupa tih znanstvenika je konstruirala prvi tokamak, najuspješnija verzija od njih je bio verzija <a href="/w/index.php?title=T-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T-3 (stranica ne postoji)">T-3</a>, a najveća je bila verzija <a href="/w/index.php?title=T-4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T-4 (stranica ne postoji)">T-4</a>. T-4 je bila testirana u 1968. u <a href="/wiki/Novosibirsk" title="Novosibirsk">Novosibirsku</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Godine 1968., na trećem <a href="/wiki/IAEA" class="mw-redirect" title="IAEA">IAEA</a> u Novosibirsku, ruski znanstvenici su objavili da su postigli temperature <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektrona</a> od preko 1000 eV u tokamaku. To je iznenadilo <a href="/wiki/Ujedinjeno_Kraljevstvo" title="Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo">britanske</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sjedinjene_Ameri%C4%8Dke_Dr%C5%BEave" title="Sjedinjene Američke Države">američke</a> znanstvenike koji su bili daleko od postizanja takvih preformansi. Oni su ostali sumnjičavi dok tek nekoliko godina kasnije nisu bili provedeni novi testovi, potvrđujući ispravno mjerenje temperature. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toridalni_dizajn">Toridalni dizajn</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Toridalni dizajn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Toridalni dizajn"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Tokamak_fields_lg.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Tokamak_fields_lg.png/200px-Tokamak_fields_lg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="366" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Tokamak_fields_lg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="246" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Tokamak; magnetsko polje i struja</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">Ioni</a> i elektroni u centru fuzijske plazme su na vrlo visokim temperaturama te imaju razmjerno velike <a href="/wiki/Brzina" title="Brzina">brzine</a>. U cilju održavanja procesa fuzije, <a href="/wiki/Elementarna_%C4%8Destica" title="Elementarna čestica">čestice</a> iz vruće plazme moraju biti zadržane u središnjem dijelu, ili će se plazma brzo ohladiti. Fuzijski reaktori iskorištavaju činjenicu da na nabijene čestice u magnetskom polju djeluje <a href="/wiki/Lorentzova_sila" title="Lorentzova sila">Lorentzova sila</a>. </p><p>Rano istraživani fuzijski reaktori bili su na varijanti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Z-pinch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Z-pinch (stranica ne postoji)">Z-pinch</a> te koriste električnu struju za generiranje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poloidalno_magnetsko_polje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poloidalno magnetsko polje (stranica ne postoji)">poloidalnog magnetskog polja</a> koje bi plazmu zadržalo uz linearnu <a href="/wiki/Os" title="Os">os</a> između dvije točke. Istraživači su otkrili da su plazme zatvorene u toroidalnom obliku (vidi sliku, gornji crtež), u kojima <a href="/wiki/Zemljino_magnetsko_polje" title="Zemljino magnetsko polje">magnetske silnice</a> teku paralelno u odnosu na toroidalnu os, sklone nestabilnosti. <a href="/wiki/Dizajn" title="Dizajn">Dizajni</a> tokamaka i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stelaratora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stelaratora (stranica ne postoji)">stelaratora</a> kombiniraju poloidalna polja (vidi sliku; crtež u sredini pokazuje poloidalno polje) s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toroidalnim_poljima&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toroidalnim poljima (stranica ne postoji)">toroidalnim poljima</a> za stabiliziranje plazme, čineći potpomognutu fuziju izvedivom. Paralelni protok čestica (ali ne i okomit) na <a href="/wiki/Magnetsko_polje" title="Magnetsko polje">magnetsko polje</a>, u toroidalno-poloidalnom magnetskom polju, uvija se u spiralni put duž toroidalne osi (vidi sliku; donji crtež). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zagrijavanje_plazme">Zagrijavanje plazme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Zagrijavanje plazme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Zagrijavanje plazme"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U operativnom fuzijskom reaktoru, dio energije koji se generira će služiti za održavanje temperature plazme dok se novi <a href="/wiki/Deuterij" title="Deuterij">deuterij</a> i <a href="/wiki/Tricij" title="Tricij">tricij</a> uvode. Međutim, kod pokretanja reaktora, bilo iz početka ili nakon privremenog isključivanja, plazma će se morati zagrijati na svoju radnu <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperaturu</a> veću od 10 keV (preko 100 milijuna <a href="/wiki/Celzijev_stupanj" class="mw-redirect" title="Celzijev stupanj">stupnjeva Celzija</a>). U postojećim tokamacima, ekspreminentom magnetske fuzije ne proizvodi se dovoljno energije potrebne za održavanje temperature plazme. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ohmsko_zagrijavanje">Ohmsko zagrijavanje</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Ohmsko zagrijavanje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Ohmsko zagrijavanje"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Budući da je plazma <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_vodi%C4%8D" title="Električni vodič">električni vodič</a>, moguće je zagrijati plazmu induciranjem struje u njoj, u stvari, <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetska_indukcija" title="Elektromagnetska indukcija">inducirana struja</a> koja zagrijava plazmu obično stvara poloidalno polje. Struja se inducira sporim povećanjem jakosti struje koja protječe kroz elektromagnetski <a href="/wiki/Transformator" title="Transformator">namot</a> povezan s plazmom: plazma se može promatrati kao sekundarni namot transformatora. To je inerentni ritmični proces, jer postoji ograničenje jakosti struje koja može proći kroz primarni namot. Tokamaci stoga moraju raditi u kratkim periodima ili se oslanjati na druge načine <a href="/wiki/Grijanje" title="Grijanje">grijanja</a> i provođenja struje. Grijanje uzrokovano induciranom strujom zove se ohmsko (ili otporno) grijanje, to je ista vrsta grijanja koja se javlja u električnoj žarulji ili električnom grijaču. Generirane <a href="/wiki/Toplina" title="Toplina">topline</a> ovise o otporu plazme i struje. No, kako i temperatura zagrijane plazmi raste, <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_otpor" title="Električni otpor">otpor</a> se smanjuje i ohmsko grijanje postaje sve manje učinkovito. Čini se da je maksimalna temperatura plazme ostvariva ohmskim grijanjem u tokamak oko 20-30 milijuna stupnjeva Celzija. Da bi se postigle još više temperature, moraju se koristiti metode dodatnog grijanja. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Injektiranje_neutralnog_snopa">Injektiranje neutralnog snopa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak: Injektiranje neutralnog snopa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Injektiranje neutralnog snopa"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Injektiranje" title="Injektiranje">Injektiranje</a> neutralnog snopa uključuje uvođenje atoma visoke energije (velikom brzinom) na ohmsko grijanu, magnetski zatočenu plazmu. <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">Atomi</a> su ionizirani dok prolaze kroz plazme te budu zarobljeni od strane magnetskog polja. Visoko energizirani ioni tada prenose dio svoje energije na čestice plazme neprestanim <a href="/wiki/Sudar" class="mw-disambig" title="Sudar">sudarima</a> s njima, povećavajući tako temperaturu plazme. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Magnetska_kompresija">Magnetska kompresija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak: Magnetska kompresija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Magnetska kompresija"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Plin" title="Plin">Plin</a> može biti zagrijan <a href="/wiki/Kompresija" class="mw-disambig" title="Kompresija">kompresijom</a>. Na isti način, temperatura plazme se povećava ako je brzo komprimirana pojačanjem magnetskog polja. U ovom sustavu tokamaka kompresija se postiže jednostavnim pomicanjem plazma u područje jakog magnetskog polja (tj., radijalno prema unutra). Budući da kompresija plazma zbližava <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ione</a>, proces ima dodatnu korist od olakšanog postizanja potrebne <a href="/wiki/Gusto%C4%87a" title="Gustoća">gustoće</a> za fuzijske reaktore. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radiofrekvencijsko_zagrijavanje">Radiofrekvencijsko zagrijavanje</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak: Radiofrekvencijsko zagrijavanje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Radiofrekvencijsko zagrijavanje"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Gyrotron_plateforme.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Gyrotron_plateforme.jpg/220px-Gyrotron_plateforme.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Gyrotron_plateforme.jpg/330px-Gyrotron_plateforme.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Gyrotron_plateforme.jpg/440px-Gyrotron_plateforme.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1712" data-file-height="1368" /></a><figcaption>Set hiperfrekvencijskih cijev (84 GHz i 118 GHz) za grijanje plazme električnim ciklotronskim valovima na TVC-u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak_%C3%A0_Configuration_Variable&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tokamak à Configuration Variable (stranica ne postoji)">Tokamak à Configuration Variable</a>. Courtesy of CRPP-EPFL, Association Suisse-Euratom.</figcaption></figure> <p>Visokofrekventne elektromagnetske valove generiraju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oscilatori&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oscilatori (stranica ne postoji)">oscilatori</a> izvan torusa. Ako <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetsko_zra%C4%8Denje" title="Elektromagnetsko zračenje">elektromagnetski valovi</a> imaju ispravne <a href="/wiki/Frekvencija" title="Frekvencija">frekvencije</a> (ili valnu duljinu) i polarizaciju, njihova <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energija</a> može biti prenesena na nabijene čestice u plazmi, koje se opet sudaraju s drugim česticama plazme, čime se povećava temperatura plazme. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hlađenje_tokamaka"><span id="Hla.C4.91enje_tokamaka"></span>Hlađenje tokamaka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odlomak: Hlađenje tokamaka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Hlađenje tokamaka"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tokamak sadrži reaktivnu plazmu koja se spiralno omotava oko reaktora. Budući da je potreban veliki broj <a href="/wiki/Kemijska_reakcija" title="Kemijska reakcija">reakcija</a> u sekundi da bi bila održana reakcija u tokamaku, <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutroni</a> visoke energije se oslobađaju brzo u većim količinama. Ti neutroni više nisu toridalnim magnetima zadržani u toku plazme te mogu nastaviti sve dok se ne zaustave na stijenci tokamaka. To je velika prednost tokamak reaktora jer su to neutroni vrlo visoke energije; oslobođeni neutroni pružaju jednostavan način odvađanja topline iz protoka plazme. Unutarnja stijenka tokamaka se mora <a href="/wiki/Hla%C4%91enje" title="Hlađenje">hladiti</a>, jer su ti neutroni na vrlo visokim temperaturama te bi mogli rastopiti stijenku reaktora. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kriogen_sustav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kriogen sustav (stranica ne postoji)">Kriogen sustav</a> se koristi za hlađenje magneta i unutarnje stijenke reaktora. Uglavnom se za hlađenje koriste tekući <a href="/wiki/Helij" title="Helij">helij</a> i tekući <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1ik" title="Dušik">dušik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Keramika" title="Keramika">Keramičke</a> ploče posebno dizajnirane kako bi mogle podnijeti visoke temperature, također su postavljene s unutarnje strane stijenke reaktora kako bi zaštitile <a href="/wiki/Magnet" title="Magnet">magnet</a> i reaktor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksperimentalni_tokamaci">Eksperimentalni tokamaci</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odlomak: Eksperimentalni tokamaci" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Eksperimentalni tokamaci"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trenutno_u_upotrebi">Trenutno u upotrebi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odlomak: Trenutno u upotrebi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&action=edit&section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Trenutno u upotrebi"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><small> (u kronološkom redu od početka operacije)</small> </p> <ul><li>T-10, u Kurčatovljevu institutu, Moskva, <a href="/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija">Rusija</a> (bivši <a href="/wiki/Sovjetski_savez" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovjetski savez">Sovjetski Savez</a>), 2 MW, u upotrebi od 1975.</li> <li>TEXTOR, u <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BClich" title="Jülich">Jülich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dka" title="Njemačka">Njemačka</a>, u upotrebi od 1978.</li> <li>Joint European Torus (JET), u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Culhamu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Culhamu (stranica ne postoji)">Culhamu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ujedinjeno_Kraljevstvo" title="Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo">Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo</a>; 16 MW, u upotrebi od 1983.</li> <li>JT-60, u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naka (stranica ne postoji)">Naka</a>, Ibaraki Prefecture, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>; u upotrebi od 1985.</li> <li>Stor-M, Sveučilište u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskatchewanu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saskatchewanu (stranica ne postoji)">Saskatchewanu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a>; upotrebi od 1987.: prvo predstavljanje izmjenične struje u tokamaku.</li> <li>Tore Supra, u HUP, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cadarache&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cadarache (stranica ne postoji)">Cadarache</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska">Francuska</a>, u upotrebi od 1988.</li> <li>Aditya, u Institut za istraživanje plazme (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_Plasma_Research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institute for Plasma Research (stranica ne postoji)">Institute for Plasma Research</a>, IPR) u <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" class="mw-redirect" title="Gujarat">Gujaratu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indija" title="Indija">Indija</a>, u upotrebi od 1989.</li> <li>DIII-D u <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>, <a href="/wiki/SAD" class="mw-redirect" title="SAD">SAD</a>; General Atomics; u upotrebi od kasnih 1980-ih</li> <li>COMPASS, u <a href="/wiki/Prag" title="Prag">Pragu</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1ka_Republika" class="mw-redirect" title="Češka Republika">Češka Republika</a>, u upotrebi od 2008., prethodno u upotrebi od 1989. – 1999. u Culhamu, Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo</li> <li>FTU, u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frascati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frascati (stranica ne postoji)">Frascati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italija" title="Italija">Italija</a>; u upotrebi od 1990.</li> <li>Tokamak ISTTOK, na IPFN - Instituto Superior Técnico, <a href="/wiki/Lisabon" title="Lisabon">Lisabon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>; u upotrebi od 1991.</li> <li>ASDEX Upgrade, u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Garchingu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garchingu (stranica ne postoji)">Garchingu</a>, Njemačka, u upotrebi od 1991.</li> <li>Alcator C-Mod, <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>, SAD; u upotrebi od 1992.</li> <li>Tokamak à configuration variable (TCV), na EPFL-u, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vicarska" title="Švicarska">Švicarska</a>; u upotrebi od 1992.</li> <li>TCABR, na Sveučilištu u São Paulo, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>; u upotrebi od 1994.</li> <li>HT-7, u <a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei">Hefei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kina" title="Kina">Kina</a>, u upotrebi od 1995.</li> <li>Mast, u Culhamu, United Kingdom; u upotrebi od 1999.</li> <li>NSTX u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Princetonu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Princetonu (stranica ne postoji)">Princetonu</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, u upotrebi od 1999.</li> <li>ISTOK (HT-7U), u Hefei, Kina, u upotrebi od 2006.</li> <li>KSTAR, u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daejon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daejon (stranica ne postoji)">Daejon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ju%C5%BEna_Koreja" title="Južna Koreja">Južna Koreja</a>, u upotrebi od 2008.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Donedavno_u_upotrebi">Donedavno u upotrebi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odlomak: Donedavno u upotrebi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&action=edit&section=11" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Donedavno u upotrebi"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LT-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LT-1 (stranica ne postoji)">LT-1</a>, grupa fizičara <a href="/w/index.php?title=Australskog_Nacionalnog_Sveu%C4%8Dili%C5%A1ta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Australskog Nacionalnog Sveučilišta (stranica ne postoji)">Australskog Nacionalnog Sveučilišta</a> napravila prvi tokamak izvan Rusije oko 1963.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T-3 (stranica ne postoji)">T-3</a>, u Kurčatovljevu institutu, Moskva, Rusija (bivši Sovjetski Savez);</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T-4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T-4 (stranica ne postoji)">T-4</a>, u Kurčatovljevu institutu, Moskva, Rusija (bivši Sovjetski Savez), u upotrebi od 1968.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teksas_Burna_Tokamak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teksas Burna Tokamak (stranica ne postoji)">Teksas Burna Tokamak</a>, Sveučilište u <a href="/wiki/Teksas" title="Teksas">Teksasu</a>, SAD; u upotrebi od 1971. – 1980.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcator_i_Alcator_C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alcator i Alcator C (stranica ne postoji)">Alcator i Alcator C</a>, MIT, SAD; u upotrebi od 1975. do 1982. i od 1982. do 1988.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TFTR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TFTR (stranica ne postoji)">TFTR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sveu%C4%8Dili%C5%A1te_Princeton" title="Sveučilište Princeton">Sveučilište Princeton</a>, SAD; u upotrebi od 1982. do 1997.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CASTOR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CASTOR (stranica ne postoji)">CASTOR</a>, u Pragu, Češka Republika, u upotrebi od 1983. do 2006.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T-15&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T-15 (stranica ne postoji)">T-15</a>, u Kurčatovljevu institutu, Moskva, Rusija (bivši Sovjetski Savez), 10 MW, u upotrebi od 1988. do 2005.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UCLA_Electric_Tokamak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UCLA Electric Tokamak (stranica ne postoji)">UCLA Electric Tokamak</a>, u <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angelesu</a>, SAD; u upotrebi od 1999. – 2005.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak_de_Varennes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tokamak de Varennes (stranica ne postoji)">Tokamak de Varennes</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Varennes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Varennes (stranica ne postoji)">Varennes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a>, u upotrebi od 1987. do 1999.; upravljao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydro-Qu%C3%A9bec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hydro-Québec (stranica ne postoji)">Hydro-Québec</a> i koristili istraživači iz <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_de_Recherche_%C3%A9lectricit%C3%A9_en_du_Qu%C3%A9bec_(IREQ)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institut de Recherche électricité en du Québec (IREQ) (stranica ne postoji)">Institut de Recherche électricité en du Québec (IREQ)</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_National_de_la_Recherche_Scientifique_(INRS)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) (stranica ne postoji)">Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=START&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="START (stranica ne postoji)">START</a> u Culhamu, Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo; u upotrebi od 1991. do 1998.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=COMPASS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="COMPASS (stranica ne postoji)">COMPASS</a> u Culham; u upotrebi sve do 2001.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Planirano">Planirano</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi odlomak: Planirano" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&action=edit&section=12" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Planirano"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITER" title="ITER">ITER</a>, u Cadaracheu, Francuska; 500 MW, prva plazma očekuje se 2018.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SST-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SST-1 (stranica ne postoji)">SST-1</a>, u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institutu_za_istra%C5%BEivanje_plazme_Gandhinagar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institutu za istraživanje plazme Gandhinagar (stranica ne postoji)">Institutu za istraživanje plazme Gandhinagar</a>, Indija; 1.000 sekundi rada; trenutno se sklapaju</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DEMO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DEMO (stranica ne postoji)">DEMO</a>, 2000 MW, kontinuirano u upotrebi, povezan na naponsku mrežu</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Također_pogledajte"><span id="Tako.C4.91er_pogledajte"></span>Također pogledajte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Uredi odlomak: Također pogledajte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&action=edit&section=13" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Također pogledajte"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Odjeljak o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plasma_scaling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plasma scaling (stranica ne postoji)">Dimensionless parameters in tokamaks</a> u članku o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plasma_scaling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plasma scaling (stranica ne postoji)">Plasma scaling</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edge-Localized_Mode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edge-Localized Mode (stranica ne postoji)">Edge-Localized Mode</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&action=edit&section=14" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tokamak">Merriam-Webster Online</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bondarenko B D "Role played by O A Lavrent'ev in the formulation of the problem and the initiation of research into controlled nuclear fusion in the USSR" Phys. Usp. 44 844 (2001) available <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ufn.ru/ufn01/ufn01_8/Russian/r018m.pdf">online</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Great_Soviet_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Soviet Encyclopedia">Great Soviet Encyclopedia</a>, 3rd edition, entry on "Токамак", available online <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://slovari.yandex.ru/art.xml?art=bse/00079/49400.htm">here</a>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160603015703/http://slovari.yandex.ru/art.xml?art=bse%2F00079%2F49400.htm">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a> od 3. lipnja 2016. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7012897">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"»""«"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120322002609/http://www.dae.gov.in/ni/nijan03/page6.htm">Tokamak Cryogenics reference</a>. Inačica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dae.gov.in/ni/nijan03/page6.htm">izvorne stranice</a> arhivirana 22. ožujka 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 14. listopada 2009.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tokamak+Cryogenics+reference&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dae.gov.in%2Fni%2Fnijan03%2Fpage6.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ATokamak" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-hidden-error error citation-comment">journal zahtijeva <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%87:CS1_gre%C5%A1ke#missing_periodical" title="Pomoć:CS1 greške">pomoć</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjske_poveznice">Vanjske poveznice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Uredi odlomak: Vanjske poveznice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&action=edit&section=15" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vanjske poveznice"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak">[1]</a> - članak o tokamaku na engleskog wikipediji</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Dobavljeno iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&oldid=6604262">https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tokamak&oldid=6604262</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorija</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Strojevi" title="Kategorija:Strojevi">Strojevi</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skrivena kategorija: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_gre%C5%A1ke:_nedostaje_periodika" title="Kategorija:CS1 greške: nedostaje periodika">CS1 greške: nedostaje periodika</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica posljednji je put uređivana 13. ožujka 2023. u 16:21.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencijom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.hr">Creative Commons: Imenuj autora/Dijeli pod istim uvjetima</a>; mogu se primjenjivati i dodatni uvjeti. 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