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Kitai - Wikipedia

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href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_it.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=it" class=""><span>Fai una donazione</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&amp;returnto=Kitai" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l&#039;accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio" class=""><span>registrati</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&amp;returnto=Kitai" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l&#039;accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>entra</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right 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> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagine per utenti anonimi <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Benvenuto" aria-label="Ulteriori informazioni sulla contribuzione"><span>ulteriori informazioni</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieiContributi" title="Un elenco delle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>contributi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieDiscussioni" title="Discussioni sulle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>discussioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indice" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Storia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Storia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Storia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Storia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prima_del_388_:_le_origini" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prima_del_388_:_le_origini"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Prima del 388 : le origini</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prima_del_388_:_le_origini-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-388-907_:_Kitai_predinastico_(tribù_indipendente,_ma_sempre_vassalla)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#388-907_:_Kitai_predinastico_(tribù_indipendente,_ma_sempre_vassalla)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>388-907 : Kitai predinastico (tribù indipendente, ma sempre vassalla)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-388-907_:_Kitai_predinastico_(tribù_indipendente,_ma_sempre_vassalla)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-907-1125_:_Dinastia_Liao,_l&#039;era_d&#039;oro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#907-1125_:_Dinastia_Liao,_l&#039;era_d&#039;oro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>907-1125 : Dinastia Liao, l'era d'oro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-907-1125_:_Dinastia_Liao,_l&#039;era_d&#039;oro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dopo_il_1125_:_La_migrazione_e_curiosità" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dopo_il_1125_:_La_migrazione_e_curiosità"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Dopo il 1125 : La migrazione e curiosità</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dopo_il_1125_:_La_migrazione_e_curiosità-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lingua_e_sistema_di_scrittura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lingua_e_sistema_di_scrittura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Lingua e sistema di scrittura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lingua_e_sistema_di_scrittura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Religione</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Letteratura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Letteratura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Letteratura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Letteratura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l&#039;indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l&#039;indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kitai</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un&#039;altra lingua. Disponibile in 58 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khitans" title="Khitans - aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Khitans" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="شعب الخيتان - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شعب الخيتان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%C3%A1n" title="Kitán - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Kitán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xitaylar" title="Xitaylar - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xitaylar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="خیتای‌لار - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="خیتای‌لار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кидандар - baschiro" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кидандар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschiro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Кідані - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кідані" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Кидани - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кидани" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khitan" title="Khitan - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Khitan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="خیتان - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خیتان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitani" title="Kitani - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kitani" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khitan" title="Khitan - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Khitan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitan" title="Kitan - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kitan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khitan_people" title="Khitan people - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Khitan people" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A4itanoj" title="Ĥitanoj - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĥitanoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%C3%A1n" title="Kitán - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kitán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khitan" title="Khitan - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Khitan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مردم خیتان - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مردم خیتان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitaanit" title="Kitaanit - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kitaanit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khitans" title="Khitans - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Khitans" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐌺𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽𐍃 - gotico" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌺𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khie-t%C3%A2n-ng%C3%ACn" title="Khie-tân-ngìn - hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Khie-tân-ngìn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="ख़ितानी लोग - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ख़ितानी लोग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitajok" title="Kitajok - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kitajok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Khitan" title="Orang Khitan - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Khitan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%91%E4%B8%B9" title="契丹 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="契丹" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="კიდანები - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კიდანები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Қидан патшалығы - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қидан патшалығы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B1%B0%EB%9E%80" title="거란 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="거란" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathaini" title="Cathaini - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cathaini" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidaniai" title="Kidaniai - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kidaniai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%BC" title="ഖിറ്റൻ വംശജർ - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഖിറ്റൻ വംശജർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Киданчууд - mongolo" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Киданчууд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="खितान - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="खितान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Khitan" title="Orang Khitan - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Orang Khitan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitan" title="Kitan - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kitan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khitanerne" title="Khitanerne - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Khitanerne" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitanowie" title="Kitanowie - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kitanowie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9" title="ختانی لوک - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ختانی لوک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quitais" title="Quitais - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Quitais" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Кидани - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кидани" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidan_(narod)" title="Kidan (narod) - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kidan (narod)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khitan_people" title="Khitan people - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Khitan people" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitani" title="Kitani - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kitani" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Кидани - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кидани" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khitaner" title="Khitaner - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Khitaner" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="கிதான் மக்கள் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிதான் மக்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мардуми Хитон - tagico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Мардуми Хитон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tagico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ชาวคีตัน - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาวคีตัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C4%B1taylar" title="Hıtaylar - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hıtaylar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Кидані - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кидані" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidonlar" title="Kidonlar - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kidonlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Khi%E1%BA%BFt_%C4%90an" title="Người Khiết Đan - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Khiết Đan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%91%E4%B8%B9%E4%BA%BA" title="契丹人 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="契丹人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%91%E4%B8%B9%E4%BA%BA" title="契丹人 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="契丹人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%91%E4%B8%B9" title="契丹 - cinese classico" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="契丹" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="cinese classico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%A8-tan-l%C3%A2ng" title="Khè-tan-lâng - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Khè-tan-lâng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%91%E4%B8%B9" title="契丹 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="契丹" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q218332#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kitai" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussione:Kitai" rel="discussion" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione linguistica" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">italiano</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visite"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kitai"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;action=history" title="Versioni precedenti di questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Strumenti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kitai"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Kitai" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Kitai" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PagineSpeciali" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine speciali [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagine speciali</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;oldid=140308664" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Cita&amp;page=Kitai&amp;id=140308664&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informazioni su come citare questa pagina"><span>Cita questa voce</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKitai"><span>Ottieni URL breve</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKitai"><span>Scarica codice QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampa/esporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Libro&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Kitai"><span>Crea un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Kitai&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Scarica come PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;printable=yes" title="Versione stampabile di questa pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versione stampabile</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In altri progetti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Khitan_people" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q218332" title="Collegamento all&#039;elemento connesso dell&#039;archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l&#039;enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MongolHuntersSong.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/MongolHuntersSong.jpg/220px-MongolHuntersSong.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/MongolHuntersSong.jpg/330px-MongolHuntersSong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/MongolHuntersSong.jpg/440px-MongolHuntersSong.jpg 2x" data-file-width="844" data-file-height="669" /></a><figcaption>I Kitai usano le <a href="/wiki/Falconeria" title="Falconeria">aquile per cacciare</a>, dipinto durante la dinastia cinese <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Song" title="Dinastia Song">Song</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kitai</b> (<a href="/wiki/Lingua_cinese" title="Lingua cinese">cinese</a>: <span dir="ltr" lang="zh-tw">契丹</span><span style="font:bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration:none; padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="/wiki/Caratteri_cinesi_tradizionali" title="Caratteri cinesi tradizionali">T</a></sup></span>,&#32;<i>Qìdān</i><span style="font:bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration:none; padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">P</a></sup></span>, in&#160;<a href="/wiki/Lingua_persiana" title="Lingua persiana">persiano</a> <span dir="rtl" lang="fa" class="farsi">ختن</span>&#8206;), o <b>Kathai</b>, o <b>Khitan</b>, o <b>Qidan</b> o <b>Ch'i-tan</b>, fu una popolazione <a href="/wiki/Mongoli" title="Mongoli">mongola</a>, originaria della <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> interna, che si trasferì in <a href="/wiki/Manciuria" title="Manciuria">Manciuria</a>, nell'odierna <a href="/wiki/Cina" title="Cina">Cina</a>, nel <a href="/wiki/IV_secolo" title="IV secolo">IV secolo</a>. Dominarono una vasta area della <a href="/wiki/Cina" title="Cina">Cina</a> settentrionale e fondarono nel <a href="/wiki/X_secolo" title="X secolo">X secolo</a> la <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Liao" title="Dinastia Liao">Dinastia Liao</a>, ma hanno lasciato poche costruzioni i cui resti siano giunti fino ai giorni nostri.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dopo la caduta di Liao nel 1125, molti Kitai si diressero a ovest e fondarono lo stato di <a href="/wiki/Kara_Khitay" title="Kara Khitay">Kara Khitay</a>, che fu definitivamente distrutto dall'<a href="/wiki/Impero_mongolo" title="Impero mongolo">Impero mongolo</a> nel 1218. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologia">Etimologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Etimologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Etimologia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Catai" title="Catai">Catai</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Non c'è consenso sull'etimologia del nome Kitai. Esistono tre teorie differenti. Feng Jiasheng sostiene che derivi dai nomi dei capitribù Yuwen.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Zhao Zhenji crede che il termine origini da <a href="/wiki/Xianbei" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a> e significhi "un posto dove Xianbei risiedette".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Lo studioso giapponese Otagi Matuo considera "Xidan" come nome originario di Kitai, che significa "persone simili agli <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kumo_Xi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kumo Xi (la pagina non esiste)">Kumo Xi</a>" o "persone che abitano con gli Xi".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>La parola "Kitai" sopravvive nella traduzione moderna <a href="/wiki/Lingua_bulgara" title="Lingua bulgara">bulgara</a> e <a href="/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa">russa</a> della parola <a href="/wiki/Cina" title="Cina">Cina</a> (Китай, <i>Kitay</i>), come anche in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_slovena" title="Lingua slovena">sloveno</a> (<i>Kitajska</i>) e nelle forme arcaiche indicanti la <a href="/wiki/Cina" title="Cina">Cina</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglese" title="Lingua inglese">lingua inglese</a> (<i>Cathay</i>), <a href="/wiki/Lingua_italiana" title="Lingua italiana">Italiana</a> (<i>Catai</i>), <a href="/wiki/Lingua_portoghese" title="Lingua portoghese">portoghese</a> (<i>Catai</i>), e <a href="/wiki/Lingua_spagnola" title="Lingua spagnola">spagnola</a> (<i>Catay</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prima_del_388_:_le_origini">Prima del 388&#160;: le origini</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Prima del 388 : le origini" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Prima del 388 : le origini"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Esistono diverse storie circa la l'origine del popolo Kitai.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Secondo le documentazioni Kitai (<i>Tavola Memoriale di Yelu Yuzhi</i> e di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liaoshi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Liaoshi (la pagina non esiste)">Liaoshi</a>), il loro primo antenato fu Qishou Khagan, un discendente di Tanshihuai Khan dello stato <a href="/wiki/Xianbei" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a>. Qishou Khagan fu un uomo divinità che cavalcando un cavallo bianco lungo il fiume Laoha incontrò Kedun, una fanciulla divina che guidava un carro trainato da un bue grigio che discendeva il fiume <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xar_Moron&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Xar Moron (la pagina non esiste)">Xar Moron</a>. All'intersezione dei due fiumi, ai piedi della montagna sacra Muye, si incontrarono e si unirono, dando alla luce otto figli, gli antenati delle otto antiche tribù dei Kitai. Un tempio con i ritratti degli antenati dei Kitai fu costruito sul monte Muye, la loro più sacra montagna.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Questa storia è molto simile a quella delle origini di <a href="/wiki/Gengis_Khan" title="Gengis Khan">Gengis Khan</a>, che parla di un "Lupo blu nato in paradiso" e "Splendida femmina" che attraversano un mare (<i>Tengis</i>) e si unirono alle sorgenti del fiume <a href="/wiki/Onon" title="Onon">Onon</a>, ai piedi del monte <a href="/wiki/Burkhan_Khaldun" class="mw-redirect" title="Burkhan Khaldun">Burkhan Khaldun</a>, che diventò poi la montagna sacra dei mongoli del clan <a href="/wiki/Borjigin" title="Borjigin">Borjigin</a>. il <i>Qidan Guozhi</i> (Documentazione dello Stato Kitai, completato nel 1247) documenta la prefazione di una leggenda Kitai:: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139517313">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione{margin-bottom:.5em;font-size:95%;padding-left:2.4em;padding-right:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-doppia{display:flex;gap:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-doppia>div{width:0;flex:1 1 0}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-footer{padding:0 1.2em 0 0;margin:0}</style><div class="itwiki-template-citazione"> <div class="itwiki-template-citazione-singola"> <p>«C'era una capotribù chiamato Naihe. Questo capotribù non era altro che un teschio nascosto sotto una tappeto in una tenda di feltro rotonda ((<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yurta))&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yurta)) (la pagina non esiste)">Yurta))</a>, così da essere invisibile. Solo quando qualcosa di grave accadde nel suo stato, un cavallo bianco e un bue grigio furono sacrificati per lui, e assunse sembianze umane, ed uscì ad affrontare la questione. Dopo aver risolto la questione, tornò nella tenda, e diventò di nuovo un teschio. Scomparve, e i suoi connazionali lo cercarono molto. Poi ci fu un altro capo chiamato Waihe che visse anche lui in una tenda rotonda di feltro. Indossava una testa di cinghiale e vestiva di pelle di cinghiale. Quando ci fu un problema lui lo risolse, poi si ritirò si nascose di nuovo. Più tardi successe che sua moglie rubò la sua pelle di cinghiale; lui la lasciò e nessuno seppe dove si diresse. Poi ci fu un altro capo chiamato Zhouli Hunhe. Egli recuperò venti pecore disperse. Ogni giorno ne mangiava diciannove e ne lasciava solo una, ma il giorno successivo ne trovava ancora venti. Questi tre capotribù furono molto conosciuti per le lor abilità nel guidare il loro stato.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>» </p> </div></div> <p>Originari del popolo <a href="/wiki/Xianbei" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a>, fecero parte della tribù <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kumo_Xi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kumo Xi (la pagina non esiste)">Kumo Xi</a> fino al <a href="/wiki/388" title="388">388</a>, quando i gruppi tribali Kumo Xi-Kitai furono duramente sconfitti dai <a href="/wiki/Wei_del_nord" title="Wei del nord">Wei del nord</a>, arrivati da poco nel territorio, permettendo così ai Kitai di riesumare le loro vecchie tribù e la loro identità.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="388-907_:_Kitai_predinastico_(tribù_indipendente,_ma_sempre_vassalla)"><span id="388-907_:_Kitai_predinastico_.28trib.C3.B9_indipendente.2C_ma_sempre_vassalla.29"></span>388-907&#160;: Kitai predinastico (tribù indipendente, ma sempre vassalla)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifica la sezione 388-907 : Kitai predinastico (tribù indipendente, ma sempre vassalla)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: 388-907 : Kitai predinastico (tribù indipendente, ma sempre vassalla)"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dal <a href="/wiki/V_secolo" title="V secolo">V</a> al <a href="/wiki/VII_secolo" title="VII secolo">VII secolo</a>, subirono la dominazione dei popoli della steppa provenienti dall'occidente (prima i <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrk" title="Göktürk">Göktürk</a>, poi dagli <a href="/wiki/Uiguri" title="Uiguri">Uiguri</a>, durante l'<a href="/wiki/VII_secolo" title="VII secolo">VII</a> e il <a href="/wiki/IX_secolo" title="IX secolo">IX secolo</a>) e dai cinesi dal sud delle <a href="/wiki/Dinastie_del_Nord_e_del_Sud" title="Dinastie del Nord e del Sud">dinastie del nord</a> o <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Tang" title="Dinastia Tang">Tang</a>, rispettivamente durante il V e il VI secolo, e dal VII al X secolo. Sotto questa tripla dominazione e oppressione, crebbe la voglia di potere e indipendenza dei Kitai. La crescita fu lenta, comparata ad altri casi. Lenta perché fu frequentemente frenata dalle potenze vicine, che usavano i soldati Kitai in caso di necessità, ma pronti a frenare le ambizioni Kitai, rischiando di creare una quarta potenza indipendente nella regione. La ribellione Li-Shun del 696-697 è molto istruttiva riguardo al modello "2 adulti e 1 ragazzo": i Kitai furono incoraggiati dai <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrk" title="Göktürk">Turchi</a> a correre il rischio di rivoltarsi contro i <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Tang" title="Dinastia Tang">Tang</a>, i quali poi li attaccarono alle spalle, forti dell'appoggio del rinato Impero Turco.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="907-1125_:_Dinastia_Liao,_l'era_d'oro"><span id="907-1125_:_Dinastia_Liao.2C_l.27era_d.27oro"></span>907-1125&#160;: Dinastia Liao, l'era d'oro</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifica la sezione 907-1125 : Dinastia Liao, l&#039;era d&#039;oro" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: 907-1125 : Dinastia Liao, l&#039;era d&#039;oro"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:10_songmapxknine9.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/10_songmapxknine9.PNG/220px-10_songmapxknine9.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/10_songmapxknine9.PNG/330px-10_songmapxknine9.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/10_songmapxknine9.PNG 2x" data-file-width="380" data-file-height="249" /></a><figcaption>Ubicazione nella Cina dei <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Liao" title="Dinastia Liao">Liao</a>, dei <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Song" title="Dinastia Song">Song</a>, e degli <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Xia_occidentale" title="Dinastia Xia occidentale">Dinastia Xia occidentale</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sfruttando l'emigrazione degli <a href="/wiki/Uiguri" title="Uiguri">Uiguri</a> verso ovest, e la caduta della <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Tang" title="Dinastia Tang">Dinastia Tang</a> all'inizio del X secolo, i Kitai si fondarono la <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Liao" title="Dinastia Liao">Dinastia Liao</a> nel 907. La <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Liao" title="Dinastia Liao">Dinastia Liao</a> si dimostrò una potenza rilevante a nord della pianura cinese, espandendosi continuamente verso sud e verso ovest, guadagnando così il controllo sui vecchi territori degli <a href="/wiki/Uiguri" title="Uiguri">Uiguri</a>. Alla fine caddero sotto il dominio della <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_J%C4%ABn" title="Dinastia Jīn">Dinastia Jīn</a> della popolo <a href="/wiki/Manci%C3%B9" title="Manciù">Jurchen</a> (o Manciù) nel 1125. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dopo_il_1125_:_La_migrazione_e_curiosità"><span id="Dopo_il_1125_:_La_migrazione_e_curiosit.C3.A0"></span>Dopo il 1125&#160;: La migrazione e curiosità</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Dopo il 1125 : La migrazione e curiosità" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Dopo il 1125 : La migrazione e curiosità"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dopo la caduta della <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Liao" title="Dinastia Liao">Dinastia Liao</a>, un considerevole numero di esponenti della nobiltà dei Kitai fuggì verso le <a href="/wiki/Xiyu" title="Xiyu">Regioni Occidentali</a>, fondando il breve <a href="/wiki/Khanato" title="Khanato">Khanato</a> <a href="/wiki/Kara_Khitay" title="Kara Khitay">Kara Khitay</a> o Dinastia Liao occidentale, e dopo la sua caduta, una piccola parte della popolazione fondò con <a href="/w/index.php?title=Buraq_Hajib&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Buraq Hajib (la pagina non esiste)">Buraq Hajib</a> una dinastia locale nella provincia meridionale del <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kirman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kirman (la pagina non esiste)">Kirman</a> in <a href="/wiki/Persia" title="Persia">Persia</a>. Questa colonia di Kitai fu velocemente assorbita dalle locali popolazioni turche e iraniane, vennero così islamizzate e non lasciarono così nessuna influenza. Anche a causa della ancora non completa decifrazione della <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Kitai&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingua Kitai (la pagina non esiste)">lingua Kitai</a>, rimane difficoltoso creare una storia dettagliata dei loro movimenti. </p><p>Non ci sono prove chiare che esista un gruppo etnico discendente dei Kitai nella moderna Cina nord-orientale, ma alcuni recenti studi e ricerche sulla genealogia della famiglia hanno motivato l'ipotesi che il gruppo etnico Daur della Mongolia Interna sia un possibile discendente degli antichi Kitai;<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> e alcuni clan degli <a href="/wiki/Han" title="Han">Han</a> dello <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a> come gli Ahn, i Mang, i Jiang, più un'altra dozzina di clan si autoidentificano come discendenti di Yelu e sono chiamati popolo Ben dagli altri gruppi etnici dello Yunnan che pure si considerano discendenti dei Kitai.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Inoltre, il clan Liu, conosciuto nella zona col nome di Yelu Zhuang si considerano anche loro discendenti dal clan di Yelu dei Kitai. Durante il periodo della <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Liao" title="Dinastia Liao">Dinastia Liao</a>, l'etnia Kitai fu divisa in due grandi gruppi, Yelu e Xiao; Yelu fu in seguito sinizzato. Il linguaggio Daur è classificato come Mongolo.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lingua_e_sistema_di_scrittura">Lingua e sistema di scrittura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Lingua e sistema di scrittura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Lingua e sistema di scrittura"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La lingua kitai (conosciuta anche come Liao, Kitai [ISO 639-3] è una lingua ormai estinta, una volta parlata dal popolo Kitai. La lingua kitai è ritenuta geneticamente imparentata con il proto-mongolico. </p><p>Ci furono due sistemi di scrittura, conosciuti come <i>calligrafia grande</i> e <i>calligrafia minuta</i>. Erano testualmente indipendenti tra loro ed erano usati simultaneamente nei territori dell'<a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Liao" title="Dinastia Liao">Impero Liao</a>. Furono entrambi usati anche dopo la caduta dei Liao. Esempi di questa calligrafia appaiono per lo più negli <a href="/wiki/Epitaffio" title="Epitaffio">epitaffi</a> e sui monumenti. </p><p>Molti studiosi confermano che le calligrafie Kitai non sono del tutto decifrate, e che molte ricerche e scoperte sarebbero necessari per una completa comprensione di questo linguaggio.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sebbene esistano molti indizi sulle loro origini, che puntano in diverse direzioni, la lingua kitai è riconosciuta per lo più come una discendente del pre-proto-mongolico (e quindi imparentata con le <a href="/wiki/Lingue_mongoliche" title="Lingue mongoliche">lingue mongoliche</a>). Il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Memoriale_di_Yel%C3%BC_Yanning&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Memoriale di Yelü Yanning (la pagina non esiste)">Memoriale di Yelü Yanning</a> (risalente al 986) è una delle più antiche iscrizioni in calligrafia grande kitai. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economia">Economia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Economia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Economia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I Kitai, popolazione nomade, furono originariamente impegnati nell'<a href="/wiki/Allevamento" title="Allevamento">allevamento</a>, nella <a href="/wiki/Pesca_(attivit%C3%A0)" title="Pesca (attività)">pesca</a> e nella <a href="/wiki/Caccia" title="Caccia">caccia</a>. Il saccheggio dei villaggi e delle città cinesi a meridione, così come delle tribù confinati, era fonte di <a href="/wiki/Schiavo" class="mw-redirect" title="Schiavo">schiavi</a>, artigianato cinese, cibo, soprattutto in tempi di carestia. </p><p>Sotto l'influenza della vicina Cina e seguendo le necessità per un'amministrazione sedentaria, i Kitai cominciarono ad impegnarsi nell'agricoltura, nella coltivazione e nella costruzione delle città. Diversamente dai contadini cinesi e <a href="/wiki/Balhae" title="Balhae">Balhae</a>, che coltivavano <a href="/wiki/Grano" class="mw-redirect" title="Grano">grano</a> e <a href="/wiki/Panicum_miliaceum" title="Panicum miliaceum">miglio</a> a sorgo, gli agricoltori Kitai coltivavano soprattutto miglio a pannocchia. La classe dominante della Dinastia Liao ancora prendevano parte a campagne di caccia a fine estate, nella tradizione dei loro antenati. Dopo la caduta della dinastia Liao, i Kitai tornarono ad una vita maggiormente nomade.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religione">Religione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Religione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Religione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Fugong_Temple_Wooden_Pagoda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/The_Fugong_Temple_Wooden_Pagoda.jpg/150px-The_Fugong_Temple_Wooden_Pagoda.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/The_Fugong_Temple_Wooden_Pagoda.jpg/225px-The_Fugong_Temple_Wooden_Pagoda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/The_Fugong_Temple_Wooden_Pagoda.jpg/300px-The_Fugong_Temple_Wooden_Pagoda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1296" data-file-height="1985" /></a><figcaption>La <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagoda_del_Tempio_Fogong&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagoda del Tempio Fogong (la pagina non esiste)">Pagoda del Tempio Fogong</a>, costruita nel 1056.</figcaption></figure> <p>La religione originaria dei Kitai era la venerazione di numerosi fenomeni naturali, creduti divinità, su tutti il <a href="/wiki/Sole" title="Sole">Sole</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Così, l'Impero Liao guardava verso est, dove il sole sorge, anziché verso sud come facevano gli Imperatori cinesi. </p><p>Sebbene il fondatore dell'Impero, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abaoji&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Abaoji (la pagina non esiste)">Abaoji</a>, ordinasse la costruzione di templi <a href="/wiki/Buddismo" title="Buddismo">buddisti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confucianesimo" title="Confucianesimo">confuciani</a>, e <a href="/wiki/Taoismo" title="Taoismo">taoisti</a>, gli imperatori successivi abbracciarono totalmente il Buddismo. Un aumento notevole nella devozione al buddismo può essere ricondotta al regno dell'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shengzong_di_Liao&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Shengzong di Liao (la pagina non esiste)">imperatore Shengzong</a>. Nel giro di un secolo, gli uffici del governo locale nel 1078 confermano la presenza di circa 360.000 monaci e monache, pari a circa il dieci per cento della popolazione. Anche se appare un dato esagerato, è chiaro che il buddismo fu parte integrante della vita dell'Impero Liao. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Letteratura">Letteratura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Letteratura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Letteratura"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pochissimi resti di poesie e letteratura Kitai si sono conservati. Poiché la lingua Kitai non è completamente decifrabile, ci sono ancora molte difficoltà nella comprensione dei documenti in lingua Kitai. </p><p>Gran parte dei documenti Kitai venne scritta in lingua cinese, in particolare i documenti politici. Il libro cinese della storia ufficiale della dinastia Liao, <i>Shi Liao</i>, compilato durante la <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Yuan" title="Dinastia Yuan">Dinastia Yuan</a>, si basa su alcuni documenti autentici (shilu?) compilati durante il periodo Liao.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707013626/http://en.invest.china.cn/english/culture/67467.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">Kingdom of Khitans: Sudden Rise, Sudden Fall</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">en.invest.china.cn</span>, <i><a href="/wiki/China_Daily" title="China Daily">China Daily</a></i>, 19 giugno 2003. <small>URL consultato il 25 settembre 2011</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//en.invest.china.cn/english/culture/67467.htm">url originale</abbr> il 7 luglio 2011)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Xu Elina-Qian 2005, p.7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Xu Elina-Qian 2005, p.8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Xu Elina-Qian 2005, p.8–9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hanmong.or.kr/Notice/download.asp?Key=72">Status of Research and Research Direction of Khitan Studies</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Liaoshi 37. 445-446</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Franke, Herbert. "The forest peoples of Manchuria: Kitans and Jurchens".. In Sinor ed., 1990, pp. 405–406.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Xu Elina-Qian 2005, p.258</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Xu Elina-Qian 2005, p.241 and p.237</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Jinhui Li, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://china.org.cn/english/2001/Aug/16896.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">DNA Match Solves Ancient Mystery</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">china.org.cn</span>, 8 febbraio 2001.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200126182205/http://www.liketrip.cn/destination/custom_6554.html">契丹文化-破解契丹消失之迷</a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">liketrip.cn</span>. <small>URL consultato il 22 ottobre 2011</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//www.liketrip.cn/destination/custom_6554.html">url originale</abbr> il 26 gennaio 2020)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=dta">Ethnologue report for language code: dta</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> Peter T. Daniels e William Bright, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195079937"><span style="font-style:italic;">The World's Writing Systems</span></a>, New York, Oxford University Press, 1996, pp.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195079937/page/230">230</a>–234.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) György Kara, <span style="font-style:italic;">On the Khitan Writing Systems</span>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Mongolian Studies</span>, 10, 1987, pp.&#160;19–23.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Song/liao-econ.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Chinese History – Liao Dynasty – economy</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">chinaknowledge.de</span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinaknowledge&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinaknowledge (la pagina non esiste)">Chinaknowledge</a>. <small>URL consultato il 15 dicembre 2008</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Song/liao-religion.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Chinese History – Liao Dynasty – religion and customs</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">chinaknowledge.de</span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinaknowledge&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinaknowledge (la pagina non esiste)">Chinaknowledge</a>. <small>URL consultato il 14 dicembre 2008</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Song/liao-literature.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Chinese History – Liao Dynasty – literature, thought, philosophy, and the Khitan script</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">chinaknowledge.de</span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinaknowledge&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinaknowledge (la pagina non esiste)">Chinaknowledge</a>. <small>URL consultato il 15 dicembre 2008</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Kitai Predinastici</dt></dl> <ul><li>MATSUI, Hitoshi 松井等 (Japan). "Qidan boxing shi 契丹勃興史 (History of the rise of the Khitan)". Mamden chiri-rekishi kenkyu hokoku 1 (1915). Translated into Chinese by Liu, Fengzhu 劉鳳翥. In Minzu Shi Yiwen Ji 民族史譯文集 (A Collection of Translated Papers on Ethnic Histories) 10 (1981). Repr. in: Sun, Jinji et al. 1988 (vol. 1), pp.&#160;93–141</li> <li>Chen, Shu 陳述. Qidan Shi Lunzheng Gao 契丹史論證稿 (A Study on the History of the Khitan). Beijing: Zhongyang Yanjiu Yuan Shixue Yanjiu Suo 中央研究院史學研究所, 1948.</li> <li>Chen, Shu 陳述. Qidan Shehui Jingji Shi Gao 契丹史論證稿 (A Study on the Khitan's Social Economical History). Shanghai: Sanlian Chuban She 三聯出版社, 1963.</li> <li>Feng, Jiasheng 1933.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Dinastia Liao</dt></dl> <ul><li>Shu, Fen (舒焚), Liaoshi Gao 遼史稿 (An History of the Liao). Wuhan: Hubei Renmin Chuban She 湖北人民出版社, 1984</li> <li>WITTFOGEL, Karl &amp; FENG, Chia-sheng. History of Chinese Society: Liao (907-1125). Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1949.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Post-Dinastico / Qara Kitai</dt></dl> <ul><li>Biran, Michal. <i>The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History: Between China and the Islamic World</i>, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0521842263" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-84226-3</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Storico ufficiale delle dinastie</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wei_Shu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wei Shu (la pagina non esiste)">Wei Shu</a> 魏史 (Dynastic History of the Northern Wei Dynasty): Wei, Shou 魏收 et al. eds. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju 中华书局, 1973.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xin_Wudai_Shi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Xin Wudai Shi (la pagina non esiste)">Xin Wudai Shi</a> (XWDS) 新五代史 (New Dynastic History of the Five Dynasties): Ouyang, Xiu 歐陽修 et al. eds. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju 中华书局, 1974.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sui_Shu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sui Shu (la pagina non esiste)">Sui Shu</a> (SS) 隋書 (Dynastic History of the Sui Dynasty): Wei Zheng 魏徵 et al. eds. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju 中华书局, 1973.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiu_Tangshu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiu Tangshu (la pagina non esiste)">Jiu Tangshu</a> (JTS) 舊唐書 (Old Dynastic History of Tang Dynasty): Liu, Xu 劉昫 et al. eds. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju 中华书局, 1975.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xin_Tangshu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Xin Tangshu (la pagina non esiste)">Xin Tangshu</a> (XTS) 新唐書 (New Dynastic History of the Tang Dynasty): Ouyang, Xiu 歐陽修 et al. eds. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju 中华书局, 1975</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liao_Shi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Liao Shi (la pagina non esiste)">Liao Shi</a> (LS) 遼史 (Dynastic History of the Khitan Liao Dynasty): Tuotuo 脱脱 et al. eds. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju 中华书局, 1974</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Song_Shi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Song Shi (la pagina non esiste)">Song Shi</a> 宋史 (History of Song): Tuotuo 脫脫 et al. eds. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju 中华书局, 1974</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zizhi_Tongjian&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zizhi Tongjian (la pagina non esiste)">Zizhi Tongjian</a> (ZZTJ) 資治通鑒 (Comprehensive Mirror to Aid in Government): Sima, Guang 司馬光 ed. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju 中华书局, 1956</li></ul> <dl><dt>Altro</dt></dl> <ul><li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Mote, F.W., <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_China:_900-1800&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Imperial China: 900-1800 (la pagina non esiste)">Imperial China: 900-1800</a></span>, Harvard University Press, 1999, pp.&#160;31–71, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-674-01212-7" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-674-01212-7">0-674-01212-7</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> EBREY, Patricia Buckley, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cambridgeillustr00ebre_0"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Cambridge Illustrated History of China</span></a>, Cambridge University Press, 1996, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-521-66991-X" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-521-66991-X">0-521-66991-X</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> TWITCHETT, Denis, <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/The_Cambridge_History_of_China" title="The Cambridge History of China">The Cambridge History of China</a>: Alien Regimes and Border States, 907-1368</span>, Cambridge University Press, 1994, pp.&#160;816, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-521-24331-9" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-521-24331-9">0-521-24331-9</a>.</cite> (pp.&#160;43–153)</li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070222022150/http://www.republicanchina.org/Khitan.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Khitans</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">republicanchina.org</span>. <small>URL consultato il 2 maggio 2019</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//www.republicanchina.org/Khitan.html">url originale</abbr> il 22 febbraio 2007)</small>.</cite></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;q=khitans">Khitans</a> on scholar.google.com</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Liao" title="Dinastia Liao">Dinastia Liao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storia_della_Cina" title="Storia della Cina">Storia della Cina</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Khitan people"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Khitan_people?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Khitan_people?uselang=it">Kitai</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitai&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTreccani.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/kitai"><span style="font-style:italic;">Kitai</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell&#39;Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218332#P3365" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDizionario_di_storia" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/kitai_(Dizionario-di-Storia)/"><span style="font-style:italic;">kitai</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Dizionario di storia</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell&#39;Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>, 2010.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218332#P6404" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Khitan-people"><span style="font-style:italic;">Khitan</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218332#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; 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