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effects subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Side_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_frequency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_frequency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 By frequency </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_frequency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pharmacology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pharmacology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Pharmacology </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pharmacology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Pharmacology subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Pharmacology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pharmacodynamics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pharmacodynamics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Pharmacodynamics </div> </a> <ul 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data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianeptin" title="Tianeptin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tianeptin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianeptina" title="Tianeptina – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tianeptina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%BE%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="تیانپتین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تیانپتین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianeptine" title="Tianeptine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tianeptine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8B%B0%EC%95%84%EB%84%B5%ED%8B%B4" title="티아넵틴 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="티아넵틴" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianeptin" title="Tianeptin – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tianeptin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianeptina" title="Tianeptina – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tianeptina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianeptin" title="Tianeptin – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tianeptin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianeptine" title="Tianeptine – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tianeptine" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianeptyna" title="Tianeptyna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tianeptyna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianeptina" title="Tianeptina – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tianeptina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianeptin%C4%83" title="Tianeptină – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tianeptină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Тианептин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тианептин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianeptin" title="Tianeptin – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Tianeptin" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianeptin" title="Tianeptin – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tianeptin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianeptiini" title="Tianeptiini – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tianeptiini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianeptin" title="Tianeptin – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tianeptin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianeptin" title="Tianeptin – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tianeptin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Тіанептин – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тіанептин" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%99%BB%E5%A5%88%E6%99%AE%E6%B1%80" title="噻奈普汀 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="噻奈普汀" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q424260#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Atypical antidepressant</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Tiagabine" title="Tiagabine">Tiagabine</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tiapride" title="Tiapride">Tiapride</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:2px;"><caption class="infobox-title">Tianeptine</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><a href="/wiki/File:Tianeptine2DACS.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Tianeptine2DACS.svg/225px-Tianeptine2DACS.svg.png" decoding="async" width="225" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Tianeptine2DACS.svg/338px-Tianeptine2DACS.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Tianeptine2DACS.svg/450px-Tianeptine2DACS.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="631" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><a href="/wiki/File:Tianeptine_structure.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Tianeptine_structure.png/225px-Tianeptine_structure.png" decoding="async" width="225" height="370" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Tianeptine_structure.png/338px-Tianeptine_structure.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Tianeptine_structure.png/450px-Tianeptine_structure.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="889" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Clinical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_nomenclature#Trade_names" title="Drug nomenclature">Trade names</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Stablon, Coaxil, Tatinol</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">Tia;<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> ZaZa;<a href="#cite_note-Wagner_et_al_2023-2">[2]</a> S-1574;<a href="#cite_note-Elks2014-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-IndexNominum2000-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Drugs.com-5">[5]</a> JNJ-39823277; TPI-1062<a href="#cite_note-AdisInsight-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Health-System_Pharmacists" title="American Society of Health-System Pharmacists">AHFS</a>/<a href="/wiki/Drugs.com" title="Drugs.com">Drugs.com</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/international/tianeptine.html">International Drug Names</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Route_of_administration" title="Route of administration">Routes of administration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oral_administration" title="Oral administration">By mouth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_Therapeutic_Chemical_Classification_System" title="Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System">ATC code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATC_code_N06" title="ATC code N06">N06AX14</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=N06AX14">WHO</a>) </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Legal status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">Legal status</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><abbr class="country-name" title="Brazil">BR</abbr>: <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Controlled_Drugs_and_Substances_Act#Class_C1" title="Brazilian Controlled Drugs and Substances Act">Class C1</a> (Other controlled substances)<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></li> <li>In general: Rx-only <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a>: <a href="/wiki/Investigational_New_Drug" title="Investigational New Drug">Investigational New Drug</a> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">AU</a>: <a href="/wiki/Standard_for_the_Uniform_Scheduling_of_Medicines_and_Poisons#Schedule_4:_Prescription_only_medicine" title="Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons">S4</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Others: controlled in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">FR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">BH</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">SG</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Pharmacokinetics" title="Pharmacokinetics">Pharmacokinetic</a> data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Bioavailability" title="Bioavailability">Bioavailability</a></th><td class="infobox-data">99%<a href="#cite_note-pmid3180120-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tian2001-10">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Plasma_protein_binding" title="Plasma protein binding">Protein binding</a></th><td class="infobox-data">95%<a href="#cite_note-Tian2001-10">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_metabolism" title="Drug metabolism">Metabolism</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hepatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hepatic">Hepatic</a><a href="#cite_note-Tian2001-10">[10]</a> by β-oxidation<a href="#cite_note-pmid2597170-12">[12]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Biological_half-life" title="Biological half-life">Elimination half-life</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2.5–3 hours<a href="#cite_note-pmid3180120-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tian2001-10">[10]</a> 4–9 hours (<a href="/wiki/Elderly" class="mw-redirect" title="Elderly">elderly</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Tian2001-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-CarlhantLeGarrec1990-11">[11]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Excretion" title="Excretion">Excretion</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Urine" title="Urine">Urine</a>: 65%<a href="#cite_note-pmid3180120-9">[9]</a> <a href="/wiki/Feces" title="Feces">Feces</a>: 15%<a href="#cite_note-Tian2001-10">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_chemistry" title="IUPAC nomenclature of chemistry">IUPAC name</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; text-indent:-1.5em;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="font-size: 97%;">7-[(3-Chloro-6-methyl-5,5-dioxo-11H-benzo[c][2,1]benzothiazepin-11-yl)amino]heptanoic acid</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=72797-41-2">72797-41-2</a> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y 30123-17-2 (<a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">sodium</a>) 1224690-84-9 (<a href="/wiki/Sulfate" title="Sulfate">sulfate</a>) 2231739-19-6 (<a href="/wiki/Oxalic_acid" title="Oxalic acid">hemioxalate</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem#CID" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/68870">68870</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Guide_to_Pharmacology" title="Guide to Pharmacology">IUPHAR/BPS</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=7558">7558</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.62102.html">62102</a> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/0T493YFU8O">0T493YFU8O</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D02575">D02575</a> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:91749">CHEBI:91749</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/ChEMBL1289110">ChEMBL1289110</a> <img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" />N</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> (<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID7048295">DTXSID7048295</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424260#P3117" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ECHA_InfoCard" class="mw-redirect" title="ECHA InfoCard">ECHA InfoCard</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.069.844,">100.131.750 100.069.844, 100.131.750</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424260#P2566" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Chemical and physical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Formula</a></th><td class="infobox-data">C21H25ClN2O4S</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a></th><td class="infobox-data">436.95 g·mol−1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=Clc1cc2c%28cc1%29C%28c3c%28N%28C%29S2%28%3DO%29%3DO%29cccc3%29NCCCCCCC%28%3DO%29O">Interactive image</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Clc1cc2c(cc1)C(c3c(N(C)S2(=O)=O)cccc3)NCCCCCCC(=O)O</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/C21H24ClN2NaO4S/c1-24-18-9-6-5-8-16(18)21(23-13-7-3-2-4-10-20(25)26)17-12-11-15(22)14-19(17)29(24,27)28/h5-6,8-9,11-12,14,21,23H,2-4,7,10,13H2,1H3,(H,25,26) <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key:JICJBGPOMZQUBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style> <img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" />N<img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation">(what is this?)</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">  <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=455249171&page2=Tianeptine">(verify)</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Tianeptine, sold under the brand names Stablon, Tatinol, and Coaxil among others, is an <a href="/wiki/Atypical_antidepressant" title="Atypical antidepressant">atypical</a> <a href="/wiki/Tricyclic_antidepressant" title="Tricyclic antidepressant">tricyclic antidepressant</a> which is used mainly in the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder" title="Major depressive disorder">major depressive disorder</a>, although it may also be used to treat <a href="/wiki/Anxiety" title="Anxiety">anxiety</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Irritable_bowel_syndrome" title="Irritable bowel syndrome">irritable bowel syndrome</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Elks2014-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-IndexNominum2000-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Drugs.com-5">[5]</a> Tianeptine has antidepressant and <a href="/wiki/Anxiolytic" title="Anxiolytic">anxiolytic</a> effects<a href="#cite_note-pmid2902922-13">[13]</a> with a relative lack of <a href="/wiki/Sedation" title="Sedation">sedative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anticholinergic" title="Anticholinergic">anticholinergic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiovascular">cardiovascular</a> <a href="/wiki/Side_effect" title="Side effect">side effects</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Tian2001-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNS2008-14">[14]</a> It has been found to act as an atypical <a href="/wiki/Agonist" title="Agonist">agonist</a> of the <a href="/wiki/%CE%9C-opioid_receptor" title="Μ-opioid receptor">μ-opioid receptor</a> with clinically negligible effects on the <a href="/wiki/%CE%94-opioid_receptor" title="Δ-opioid receptor">δ-</a> and <a href="/wiki/%CE%9A-opioid_receptor" title="Κ-opioid receptor">κ-opioid receptors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid25026323-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid30070980-17">[17]</a> This may explain part of its antidepressant and anxiolytic effects; however, it is thought that tianeptine also modulates glutamate receptors, and this may also explain tianeptine's antidepressant/anxiolytic effects. Tianeptine was discovered and patented by the French Society of Medical Research in the 1960s. It was introduced for medical use in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> in 1983.<a href="#cite_note-PharmManuEnc2013-18">[18]</a> Currently, tianeptine is approved in France and manufactured and marketed by Laboratories <a href="/wiki/Servier" class="mw-redirect" title="Servier">Servier</a> SA; it is also marketed in a number of other European countries under the trade name Coaxil as well as in Asia (including <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>) and Latin America as Stablon and Tatinol but it is not available in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, or the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-akiki-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-MD-20">[20]</a> In the US, it is an unregulated drug sold under several names and some of these products have been found to be adulterated with other <a href="/wiki/Recreational_drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Recreational drugs">recreational drugs</a>. It is commonly known by the nickname 'gas station heroin'.<a href="#cite_note-:0-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-mmwr-22">[22]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_uses">Medical uses</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianeptine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Medical uses">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Depression_and_anxiety">Depression and anxiety</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianeptine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Depression and anxiety">edit</a>]</div> Tianeptine shows efficacy against serious depressive episodes (<a href="/wiki/Major_depression" class="mw-redirect" title="Major depression">major depression</a>), comparable to <a href="/wiki/Amitriptyline" title="Amitriptyline">amitriptyline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imipramine" title="Imipramine">imipramine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fluoxetine" title="Fluoxetine">fluoxetine</a>, but with significantly fewer side effects.<a href="#cite_note-akiki-19">[19]</a> It was shown to be more effective than <a href="/wiki/Maprotiline" title="Maprotiline">maprotiline</a> in a group of people with co-existing depression and anxiety.<a href="#cite_note-Tian2001-10">[10]</a> Tianeptine also displays significant <a href="/wiki/Anxiolytic" title="Anxiolytic">anxiolytic</a> properties and is useful in treating a spectrum of anxiety disorders including <a href="/wiki/Panic_disorder" title="Panic disorder">panic disorder</a>, as evidenced by a study in which those administered 35% <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">CO2</a> gas (<a href="/wiki/Carbogen" title="Carbogen">carbogen</a>) on <a href="/wiki/Paroxetine" title="Paroxetine">paroxetine</a> or tianeptine therapy showed equivalent panic-blocking effects.<a href="#cite_note-Schruers_and_Griez_2004-23">[23]</a> Like many antidepressants (including <a href="/wiki/Bupropion" title="Bupropion">bupropion</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors">selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Serotonin-norepinephrine_reuptake_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors">serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moclobemide" title="Moclobemide">moclobemide</a> and numerous others) it may also have a beneficial effect on cognition in people with <a href="/wiki/Pseudodementia" title="Pseudodementia">depression-induced cognitive dysfunction</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> A 2005 study in Egypt showed tianeptine to be effective in men with depression and <a href="/wiki/Erectile_dysfunction" title="Erectile dysfunction">erectile dysfunction</a>.<a href="#cite_note-erectile_dysfunction-25">[25]</a> Tianeptine has been found to be effective in depression, in people with <a href="/wiki/Parkinson%27s_disease" title="Parkinson's disease">Parkinson's disease</a>,<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> and with <a href="/wiki/Post-traumatic_stress_disorder" title="Post-traumatic stress disorder">post-traumatic stress disorder</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> for which it was as safe and effective as <a href="/wiki/Fluoxetine" title="Fluoxetine">fluoxetine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moclobemide" title="Moclobemide">moclobemide</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianeptine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Other uses">edit</a>]</div> A clinical trial comparing its efficacy and tolerability with <a href="/wiki/Amitriptyline" title="Amitriptyline">amitriptyline</a> in the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Irritable_bowel_syndrome" title="Irritable bowel syndrome">irritable bowel syndrome</a> showed that tianeptine was at least as effective as amitriptyline and produced fewer prominent adverse effects, such as dry mouth and constipation.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Tianeptine has been reported to be very effective for <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a>. In August 1998, Dr. Fuad Lechin and colleagues at the <a href="/wiki/Central_University_of_Venezuela" title="Central University of Venezuela">Central University of Venezuela</a> Institute of Experimental Medicine in <a href="/wiki/Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas</a> published the results of a 52-week <a href="/wiki/Randomized_controlled_trial" title="Randomized controlled trial">randomized controlled trial</a> of asthmatic children; the children in the groups who received tianeptine had a sharp decrease in clinical rating and increased lung function.<a href="#cite_note-By_2004-30">[30]</a> Two years earlier, they had found a close, positive association between free serotonin in <a href="/wiki/Blood_plasma" title="Blood plasma">plasma</a> and severity of asthma in symptomatic persons.<a href="#cite_note-By_2004-30">[30]</a> As tianeptine was the only agent known to both reduce free serotonin in plasma and enhance uptake in platelets, they decided to use it to see if reducing free serotonin levels in plasma would help.<a href="#cite_note-By_2004-30">[30]</a> By November 2004, there had been two double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trials and an under-25,000 person open-label study lasting over seven years, both showing effectiveness.<a href="#cite_note-By_2004-30">[30]</a> Tianeptine also has <a href="/wiki/Anticonvulsant" title="Anticonvulsant">anticonvulsant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Analgesic" title="Analgesic">analgesic</a> effects,<a href="#cite_note-pmid17826881-31">[31]</a> and a clinical trial in Spain that ended in January 2007 has shown that tianeptine is effective in treating pain due to <a href="/wiki/Fibromyalgia" title="Fibromyalgia">fibromyalgia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Tianeptine has been shown to have efficacy with minimal side effects in the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Attention-deficit_hyperactivity_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder">attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid15034228-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contraindications">Contraindications</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianeptine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Contraindications">edit</a>]</div> Known contraindications include the following:<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <ul><li>Hypersensitivity to tianeptine or any of the tablet's excipients.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Side_effects">Side effects</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianeptine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Side effects">edit</a>]</div> Compared to other <a href="/wiki/Tricyclic_antidepressant" title="Tricyclic antidepressant">tricyclic antidepressants</a>, it produces significantly fewer cardiovascular, <a href="/wiki/Anticholinergic" title="Anticholinergic">anticholinergic</a> (like dry mouth or constipation), <a href="/wiki/Sedative" title="Sedative">sedative</a> and appetite-stimulating effects.<a href="#cite_note-CNS2008-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-akiki-19">[19]</a> Unlike other tricyclic antidepressants, tianeptine does not affect heart function.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> μ-Opioid receptor agonists can sometimes induce <a href="/wiki/Euphoria" title="Euphoria">euphoria</a>, as does tianeptine, occasionally, at high doses, well above the normal therapeutic range (see <a href="#Recreational_use">§ Recreational use</a> below). Tianeptine can also cause severe withdrawal symptoms after prolonged use at high doses which should prompt extreme caution.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_frequency">By frequency</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianeptine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: By frequency">edit</a>]</div> Sources:<a href="#cite_note-Tian2001-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNS2008-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <dl><dt>Common (>1% frequency)</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li>Headache (up to 18%)</li> <li>Dizziness (up to 10%)</li> <li>Insomnia/nightmares (up to 20%)</li> <li>Drowsiness (up to 10%)</li> <li>Dry mouth (up to 20%)</li> <li>Constipation (up to 15%)</li> <li>Nausea</li> <li>Abdominal pain</li> <li>Weight gain (~3%)</li> <li>Agitation</li> <li>Anxiety/irritability</li></ul> </div> <dl><dt>Uncommon (0.1–1% frequency)</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bitter_taste" class="mw-redirect" title="Bitter taste">Bitter taste</a></li> <li>Flatulence</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastralgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastralgia">Gastralgia</a></li> <li>Blurred vision</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myalgia" title="Myalgia">Muscle aches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premature_ventricular_contractions" class="mw-redirect" title="Premature ventricular contractions">Premature ventricular contractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micturition" class="mw-redirect" title="Micturition">Micturition</a> disturbances</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palpitations" title="Palpitations">Palpitations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthostatic_hypotension" title="Orthostatic hypotension">Orthostatic hypotension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_flushes" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot flushes">Hot flushes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tremor" title="Tremor">Tremor</a></li></ul> </div> <dl><dt>Rare (<0.1% frequency)</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hepatitis" title="Hepatitis">Hepatitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypomania" title="Hypomania">Hypomania</a><a href="#cite_note-mania-40">[40]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphoria" title="Euphoria">Euphoria</a></li> <li>ECG changes</li> <li>Pruritus/allergic-type skin reactions</li> <li>Protracted <a href="/wiki/Myalgia" title="Myalgia">muscle aches</a></li> <li>General fatigue</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pharmacology">Pharmacology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianeptine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Pharmacology">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pharmacodynamics">Pharmacodynamics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianeptine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Pharmacodynamics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Pharmacology_of_antidepressants" title="Pharmacology of antidepressants">Pharmacology of antidepressants</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tricyclic_antidepressant#Binding_profiles" title="Tricyclic antidepressant">Tricyclic antidepressant § Binding profiles</a></div> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:small;"> <caption>Tianeptine<a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Site</th> <th>Ki (nM)</th> <th>Species</th> <th>Ref </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C-Opioid_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Μ-Opioid receptor"><abbr title="μ-Opioid receptor">MOR</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip μ-Opioid receptor</td> <td>383–768 (Ki) 194 (<a href="/wiki/Half-maximal_effective_concentration" class="mw-redirect" title="Half-maximal effective concentration"><abbr title="Half-maximal effective concentration">EC50</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Half-maximal effective concentration)</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-pmid25026323-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> <a href="#cite_note-pmid25026323-15">[15]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%94-Opioid_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Δ-Opioid receptor"><abbr title="δ-Opioid receptor">DOR</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip δ-Opioid receptor</td> <td>>10,000 (Ki) 37,400 (<abbr title="Half-maximal effective concentration">EC50</abbr>)</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-pmid25026323-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> <a href="#cite_note-pmid25026323-15">[15]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%9A-Opioid_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Κ-Opioid receptor"><abbr title="κ-Opioid receptor">KOR</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip κ-Opioid receptor</td> <td>>10,000 (Ki) 100,000 (<abbr title="Half-maximal effective concentration">EC50</abbr>)</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-pmid25026323-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> <a href="#cite_note-pmid25026323-15">[15]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Serotonin_transporter" title="Serotonin transporter"><abbr title="Serotonin transporter">SERT</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Serotonin transporter</td> <td>>10,000</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Norepinephrine_transporter" title="Norepinephrine transporter"><abbr title="Norepinephrine transporter">NET</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Norepinephrine transporter</td> <td>>10,000</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dopamine_transporter" title="Dopamine transporter"><abbr title="Dopamine transporter">DAT</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Dopamine transporter</td> <td>>10,000</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/5-HT1A_receptor" title="5-HT1A receptor">5-HT1A</a></td> <td>>10,000</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/5-HT1B_receptor" title="5-HT1B receptor">5-HT1B</a></td> <td>>10,000</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/5-HT1D_receptor" title="5-HT1D receptor">5-HT1D</a></td> <td>>10,000</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/5-HT1E_receptor" title="5-HT1E receptor">5-HT1E</a></td> <td>>10,000</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/5-HT2A_receptor" title="5-HT2A receptor">5-HT2A</a></td> <td>>10,000</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/5-HT2B_receptor" title="5-HT2B receptor">5-HT2B</a></td> <td>>10,000</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/5-HT2C_receptor" title="5-HT2C receptor">5-HT2C</a></td> <td>>10,000</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/5-HT3_receptor" title="5-HT3 receptor">5-HT3</a></td> <td>>10,000</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/5-HT5A_receptor" title="5-HT5A receptor">5-HT5A</a></td> <td>>10,000</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/5-HT6_receptor" title="5-HT6 receptor">5-HT6</a></td> <td>>10,000</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/5-HT7_receptor" title="5-HT7 receptor">5-HT7</a></td> <td>>10,000</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alpha-1A_adrenergic_receptor" title="Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor">α1A</a></td> <td>>10,000</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alpha-1B_adrenergic_receptor" title="Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor">α1B</a></td> <td>>10,000</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alpha-2A_adrenergic_receptor" title="Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor">α2A</a></td> <td>>10,000</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alpha-2B_adrenergic_receptor" title="Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor">α2B</a></td> <td>>10,000</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alpha-2C_adrenergic_receptor" title="Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor">α2C</a></td> <td>>10,000</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Beta-1_adrenergic_receptor" title="Beta-1 adrenergic receptor">β1</a></td> <td>>10,000</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Beta-2_adrenergic_receptor" title="Beta-2 adrenergic receptor">β2</a></td> <td>>10,000</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/D1_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="D1 receptor">D1</a></td> <td>>10,000</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/D2_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="D2 receptor">D2</a></td> <td>>10,000</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/D3_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="D3 receptor">D3</a></td> <td>>10,000</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/D4_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="D4 receptor">D4</a></td> <td>>10,000</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/D5_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="D5 receptor">D5</a></td> <td>>10,000</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Histamine_H1_receptor" title="Histamine H1 receptor">H1</a></td> <td>>10,000</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Histamine_H2_receptor" title="Histamine H2 receptor">H2</a></td> <td>>10,000</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Histamine_H3_receptor" title="Histamine H3 receptor">H3</a></td> <td>>10,000</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Histamine_H4_receptor" title="Histamine H4 receptor">H4</a></td> <td>>10,000</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor" title="Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor"><abbr title="Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor">mACh</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor</td> <td>>10,000</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sigma-1_receptor" title="Sigma-1 receptor">σ1</a></td> <td>>10,000</td> <td>Guinea pig</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sigma-2_receptor" title="Sigma-2 receptor">σ2</a></td> <td>>10,000</td> <td>Rat</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Imidazoline_I1_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Imidazoline I1 receptor">I1</a></td> <td>>10,000</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Adenosine_A1_receptor" title="Adenosine A1 receptor">A1</a></td> <td>>10,000 (<abbr title="Half-maximal effective concentration">EC50</abbr>)</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-pmid25026323-15">[15]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Voltage-dependent_calcium_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Voltage-dependent calcium channel"><abbr title="Voltage-dependent calcium channel">VDCC</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Voltage-dependent calcium channel</td> <td>>10,000</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PDSP-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="4" style="width: 1px;">Values are Ki (nM), unless otherwise noted. The smaller the value, the more strongly the drug interacts with the site. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Atypical_μ-opioid_receptor_agonist">Atypical μ-opioid receptor agonist</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianeptine&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Atypical μ-opioid receptor agonist">edit</a>]</div> In 2014, tianeptine was found to be a <a href="/wiki/%CE%9C-opioid_receptor" title="Μ-opioid receptor">μ-opioid receptor</a> (MOR) <a href="/wiki/Full_agonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Full agonist">full agonist</a> using human proteins.<a href="#cite_note-pmid25026323-15">[15]</a> It was also found to act as a full agonist of the <a href="/wiki/%CE%94-opioid_receptor" title="Δ-opioid receptor">δ-opioid receptor</a> (DOR), although with approximately 200-fold lower potency.<a href="#cite_note-pmid25026323-15">[15]</a> The same researchers subsequently found that the MOR is required for the acute and chronic antidepressant-like behavioral effects of tianeptine in mice and that its primary <a href="/wiki/Metabolite" title="Metabolite">metabolite</a> had similar activity as a MOR agonist but with a much longer <a href="/wiki/Elimination_half-life" class="mw-redirect" title="Elimination half-life">elimination half-life</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid28303899-42">[42]</a> Moreover, in mice, although tianeptine produced other <a href="/wiki/Opioid" title="Opioid">opioid</a>-like behavioral effects such as <a href="/wiki/Analgesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Analgesia">analgesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reward_system" title="Reward system">reward</a>, it did not result in <a href="/wiki/Drug_tolerance" title="Drug tolerance">tolerance</a> or <a href="/wiki/Drug_withdrawal" title="Drug withdrawal">withdrawal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid28303899-42">[42]</a> The authors suggested that tianeptine may be acting as a <a href="/wiki/Biased_agonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Biased agonist">biased agonist</a> of the MOR and that this may be responsible for its atypical profile as a MOR agonist.<a href="#cite_note-pmid28303899-42">[42]</a> However, there are reports that suggest that withdrawal effects resembling those of other typical opioid drugs (including but not limited to depression, insomnia, and cold/flu-like symptoms) do manifest following prolonged use at dosages far beyond the medical range.<a href="#cite_note-pmid29494783-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid29799284-44">[44]</a> In addition to its therapeutic effects, activation of the MOR is likely to also be responsible for the <a href="/wiki/Abuse_potential" class="mw-redirect" title="Abuse potential">abuse potential</a> of tianeptine at high doses that are well above the normal therapeutic range and efficacy threshold. In rats, when co-administered with morphine, tianeptine prevents morphine-induced <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_depression" class="mw-redirect" title="Respiratory depression">respiratory depression</a> without impairing analgesia.<a href="#cite_note-pmid26068549-45">[45]</a> In humans, however, tianeptine was found to increase respiratory depression when administered in conjunction with the potent opioid <a href="/wiki/Remifentanil" title="Remifentanil">remifentanil</a>.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Glutamatergic,_neurotrophic,_and_neuroplastic_modulation">Glutamatergic, neurotrophic, and neuroplastic modulation</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianeptine&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Glutamatergic, neurotrophic, and neuroplastic modulation">edit</a>]</div> Research suggests that tianeptine produces its antidepressant effects through indirect alteration and inhibition of <a href="/wiki/Glutamate_(neurotransmitter)" title="Glutamate (neurotransmitter)">glutamate</a> receptor activity (i.e., <a href="/wiki/AMPA_receptor" title="AMPA receptor">AMPA receptors</a> and <a href="/wiki/NMDA_receptor" title="NMDA receptor">NMDA receptors</a>) and release of <a href="/wiki/Brain-derived_neurotrophic_factor" title="Brain-derived neurotrophic factor"><abbr title="brain-derived neurotrophic factor">BDNF</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip brain-derived neurotrophic factor, in turn affecting <a href="/wiki/Neural_plasticity" class="mw-redirect" title="Neural plasticity">neural plasticity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mp09-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid15550348-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid15753957-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid18221189-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNS2008-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-akiki-19">[19]</a> Some researchers hypothesize that tianeptine has a protective effect against stress induced <a href="/wiki/Neuroplasticity" title="Neuroplasticity">neuronal remodeling</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mp09-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNS2008-14">[14]</a> There is also action on the <a href="/wiki/NMDA_receptor" title="NMDA receptor">NMDA</a> and <a href="/wiki/AMPA_receptor" title="AMPA receptor">AMPA receptors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mp09-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNS2008-14">[14]</a> In animal models, tianeptine inhibits the pathological stress-induced changes in glutamatergic neurotransmission in the amygdala and hippocampus. It may also facilitate signal transduction at the CA3 commissural associational synapse by altering the phosphorylation state of glutamate receptors. With the discovery of the rapid and novel antidepressant effects of drugs such as <a href="/wiki/Ketamine" title="Ketamine">ketamine</a>, many believe the efficacy of antidepressants is related to promotion of <a href="/wiki/Synaptic_plasticity" title="Synaptic plasticity">synaptic plasticity</a>. This may be achieved by regulating the excitatory amino acid systems that are responsible for changes in the strength of synaptic connections as well as enhancing <a href="/wiki/BDNF" class="mw-redirect" title="BDNF">BDNF</a> expression, although these findings are based largely on <a href="/wiki/Preclinical" class="mw-redirect" title="Preclinical">preclinical</a> studies.<a href="#cite_note-akiki-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Serotonin_reuptake_enhancer">Serotonin reuptake enhancer</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianeptine&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Serotonin reuptake enhancer">edit</a>]</div> Tianeptine is no longer labelled a selective serotonin reuptake enhancer (SSRE) antidepressant.<a href="#cite_note-mp09-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid15550348-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid15753957-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid18221189-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNS2008-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-akiki-19">[19]</a> Tianeptine had been found to bind to the same <a href="/wiki/Allosteric_site" class="mw-redirect" title="Allosteric site">allosteric site</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Serotonin_transporter" title="Serotonin transporter">serotonin transporter</a> (SERT) as conventional TCAs.<a href="#cite_note-BaileyAlmatroudi2018-51">[51]</a> However, whereas conventional TCAs <a href="/wiki/Reuptake_inhibitor" title="Reuptake inhibitor">inhibit</a> <a href="/wiki/Serotonin" title="Serotonin">serotonin</a> <a href="/wiki/Reuptake" title="Reuptake">reuptake</a> by the SERT, tianeptine appeared to enhance it.<a href="#cite_note-BaileyAlmatroudi2018-51">[51]</a> This seems to be because of the unique C3 <a href="/wiki/Amine" title="Amine">amino</a> <a href="/wiki/Heptanoic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Heptanoic acid">heptanoic acid</a> <a href="/wiki/Side_chain" title="Side chain">side chain</a> of tianeptine, which, in contrast to other TCAs, is thought to lock the SERT in a <a href="/wiki/Protein_conformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protein conformation">conformation</a> that increases <a href="/wiki/Affinity_(pharmacology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Affinity (pharmacology)">affinity</a> for and reuptake (<a href="/wiki/Michaelis%E2%80%93Menten_kinetics" title="Michaelis–Menten kinetics">Vmax</a>) of serotonin.<a href="#cite_note-BaileyAlmatroudi2018-51">[51]</a> As such, tianeptine was thought to act a <a href="/wiki/Positive_allosteric_modulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Positive allosteric modulator">positive allosteric modulator</a> of the SERT, or as a "<a href="/wiki/Serotonin_reuptake_enhancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Serotonin reuptake enhancer">serotonin reuptake enhancer</a>".<a href="#cite_note-BaileyAlmatroudi2018-51">[51]</a> Although tianeptine was originally found to have no effect in vitro on monoamine reuptake, release, or receptor binding, upon acute and repeated administration, tianeptine decreased the extracellular levels of serotonin in rat brain without a decrease in serotonin release, leading to a theory of tianeptine enhancing serotonin reuptake.<a href="#cite_note-pmid3437921-52">[52]</a> The (−)-<a href="/wiki/Enantiomer" title="Enantiomer">enantiomer</a> is more active in this sense than the (+)-enantiomer.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> However, more recent studies found that long-term administration of tianeptine does not elicit any marked alterations (neither increases nor decreases) in extracellular levels of serotonin in rats.<a href="#cite_note-mp09-47">[47]</a> However, coadministration of tianeptine and the <a href="/wiki/Selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitor" title="Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor">selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor</a> <a href="/wiki/Fluoxetine" title="Fluoxetine">fluoxetine</a> inhibited the effect of tianeptine on <a href="/wiki/Long-term_potentiation" title="Long-term potentiation">long-term potentiation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hippocampus_anatomy" title="Hippocampus anatomy">hippocampal CA1 area</a>. This is considered an argument for the opposite effects of tianeptine and fluoxetine on serotonin uptake,<a href="#cite_note-CNS2008-14">[14]</a> although it has been shown that fluoxetine can be partially substituted for tianeptine in animal studies.<a href="#cite_note-pmid16292591-54">[54]</a> In any case, the collective research suggests that direct modulation of the serotonin system is unlikely to be the <a href="/wiki/Mechanism_of_action" title="Mechanism of action">mechanism of action</a> underlying the antidepressant effects of tianeptine.<a href="#cite_note-BaileyAlmatroudi2018-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_actions">Other actions</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianeptine&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other actions">edit</a>]</div> Tianeptine modestly enhances the <a href="/wiki/Mesolimbic" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesolimbic">mesolimbic</a> release of <a href="/wiki/Dopamine" title="Dopamine">dopamine</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> and potentiates <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">CNS</a> <a href="/wiki/Dopamine_D2_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Dopamine D2 receptor">D2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dopamine_D3_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Dopamine D3 receptor">D3 receptors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid11981225-56">[56]</a> Tianeptine has no affinity for the <a href="/wiki/Dopamine_transporter" title="Dopamine transporter">dopamine transporter</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Dopamine_receptor" title="Dopamine receptor">dopamine receptors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mp09-47">[47]</a> <a href="/wiki/CREB" title="CREB">CREB</a>-TF (CREB, cAMP response element-binding protein)<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-57">[57]</a> is a cellular <a href="/wiki/Transcription_factor" title="Transcription factor">transcription factor</a>. It binds to certain <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> sequences called cAMP response elements (CRE), thereby increasing or decreasing the <a href="/wiki/Transcription_(genetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcription (genetics)">transcription</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">genes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Purves-58">[58]</a> CREB has a well-documented role in <a href="/wiki/Neuroplasticity" title="Neuroplasticity">neuronal plasticity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Long-term_memory" title="Long-term memory">long-term memory</a> formation in the brain. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript, also known as <a href="/wiki/Cocaine_and_amphetamine_regulated_transcript" title="Cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript">CART</a>, is a <a href="/wiki/Neuropeptide" title="Neuropeptide">neuropeptide</a> <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> that in humans is encoded by the CARTPT <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">gene</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid8647455-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid9590691-60">[60]</a> CART appears to have roles in reward, feeding, stress,<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> and it has the functional properties of an endogenous <a href="/wiki/Psychostimulant" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychostimulant">psychostimulant</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid12147208-62">[62]</a> Taking into account that CART production is upregulated by CREB,<a href="#cite_note-pmid19046951-63">[63]</a> it could be hypothesized that due to tianeptine's central role in BDNF and neuronal plasticity, this CREB may be the transcription cascade through which this drug enhances mesolimbic release of dopamine. Research indicates possible <a href="/wiki/Anticonvulsant" title="Anticonvulsant">anticonvulsant</a> (anti-seizure) and <a href="/wiki/Analgesic" title="Analgesic">analgesic</a> (painkilling) activity of tianeptine via downstream modulation of <a href="/wiki/Adenosine" title="Adenosine">adenosine</a> <a href="/wiki/Adenosine_A1_receptor" title="Adenosine A1 receptor">A1 receptors</a> (as the effects could be experimentally blocked by <a href="/wiki/Receptor_antagonist" title="Receptor antagonist">antagonists</a> of this receptor).<a href="#cite_note-pmid17826881-31">[31]</a> Tianpetine is also weak <a href="/wiki/Histone_deacetylase" title="Histone deacetylase">histone deacetylase</a> inhibitor and analogs with increased potency and selectivity are developed.<a href="#cite_note-Zhao_2018-64">[64]</a> Tianeptine has been shown to be a high-efficacy agonist of <a href="/wiki/Peroxisome_proliferator-activated_receptor_delta" title="Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta">PPAR-delta</a>, a nuclear receptor. <a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pharmacokinetics">Pharmacokinetics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianeptine&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Pharmacokinetics">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Bioavailability" title="Bioavailability">bioavailability</a> of tianeptine is approximately 99%.<a href="#cite_note-pmid3180120-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tian2001-10">[10]</a> Its <a href="/wiki/Plasma_protein_binding" title="Plasma protein binding">plasma protein binding</a> is about 95%.<a href="#cite_note-Tian2001-10">[10]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism">metabolism</a> of tianeptine is <a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">hepatic</a>, via <a href="/wiki/%CE%92-oxidation" class="mw-redirect" title="Β-oxidation">β-oxidation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Tian2001-10">[10]</a> CYP enzymes are not involved, which limits the potential for drug-drug interactions.<a href="#cite_note-Tian2001-10">[10]</a> Maximal concentration is reached in about an hour and the <a href="/wiki/Elimination_half-life" class="mw-redirect" title="Elimination half-life">elimination half-life</a> is 2.5 to 3 hours.<a href="#cite_note-pmid3180120-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tian2001-10">[10]</a> The elimination half-life has been found to be increased to 4 to 9 hours in the <a href="/wiki/Elderly" class="mw-redirect" title="Elderly">elderly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CarlhantLeGarrec1990-11">[11]</a> Tianeptine is usually packaged as a sodium salt but can also be found as tianeptine sulfate, a slower-releasing formulation patented by <a href="/wiki/Janssen_Pharmaceuticals" title="Janssen Pharmaceuticals">Janssen</a> in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> In 2022 Tonix Pharmaceuticals received permission from the US FDA to conduct phase II clinical trials on tianeptine hemioxalate extended-release tablets designed for once-daily use.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> The project was discontinued in late 2023 because of disappointing results in <a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">clinical trials</a>. Tianeptine has two <a href="/wiki/Active_metabolite" title="Active metabolite">active metabolites</a>, MC5 (a <a href="/wiki/Pentanoic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentanoic acid">pentanoic acid</a> derivative of the parent compound) and MC3 (a <a href="/wiki/Propionic_acid" title="Propionic acid">propionic acid</a> derivative).<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tian2001-10">[10]</a> MC5 has a longer elimination half-life<a href="#cite_note-pmid28303899-42">[42]</a> of approximately 7.6 hours, and takes about a week to reach steady-state concentration under daily-dosing. MC5 is a mu-opioid agonist but not delta-opioid agonist, with <a href="/wiki/EC50" title="EC50">EC50</a> at the mu-opioid receptor of 0.545 μM (vs 0.194 μM for tianeptine).<a href="#cite_note-pmid28303899-42">[42]</a> MC3 is a very weak mu-opioid agonist, with an EC50 of 16 μM.<a href="#cite_note-pmid28303899-42">[42]</a> Tianeptine is <a href="/wiki/Excretion" title="Excretion">excreted</a> 65% in the <a href="/wiki/Urine" title="Urine">urine</a> and 15% in <a href="/wiki/Feces" title="Feces">feces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid3180120-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tian2001-10">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chemistry">Chemistry</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianeptine&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Chemistry">edit</a>]</div> In terms of <a href="/wiki/Chemical_structure" title="Chemical structure">chemical structure</a>, it is similar to <a href="/wiki/Tricyclic_antidepressants" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricyclic antidepressants">tricyclic antidepressants</a> (TCAs), but it has significantly different pharmacology and important structural differences, so it is not usually grouped with them. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Analogues">Analogues</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianeptine&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Analogues">edit</a>]</div> Although several related compounds are disclosed in the original patent,<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> no activity data are provided and it was unclear whether these share tianeptine's unique pharmacological effects. More recent <a href="/wiki/Structure-activity_relationship" class="mw-redirect" title="Structure-activity relationship">structure-activity relationship</a> studies have since been conducted, providing some further insight on μ-opioid, δ-opioid, and <a href="/wiki/Pharmacokinetics" title="Pharmacokinetics">pharmacokinetic</a> activity.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid12595031-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid12608009-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid15344839-74">[74]</a> Derivatives where the aromatic chlorine substituent is replaced by bromine, iodine or methylthio, and/or the heptanoic acid tail is varied in length or replaced with other groups such as 3-methoxypropyl, show similar or increased opioid receptor activity relative to tianeptine itself.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amineptine" title="Amineptine">Amineptine</a>, the most closely related drug to have been widely studied, is a <a href="/wiki/Dopamine_reuptake_inhibitor" title="Dopamine reuptake inhibitor">dopamine reuptake inhibitor</a> with no significant effect on serotonin levels, nor opioid agonist activity. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianeptinaline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tianeptinaline (page does not exist)">Tianeptinaline</a>, analog of tianeptine, is a notable class I HDAC inhbitor.<a href="#cite_note-Zhao_2018-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianeptine&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> Tianeptine was introduced for medical use in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> under the brand name Stablon in 1983.<a href="#cite_note-PharmManuEnc2013-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianeptine&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Society and culture">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StablonBox.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/de/StablonBox.jpg/220px-StablonBox.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/de/StablonBox.jpg/330px-StablonBox.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/de/StablonBox.jpg/440px-StablonBox.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="696" /></a><figcaption>Stablon box and blister pack.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Approval_and_brand_names">Approval and brand names</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianeptine&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Approval and brand names">edit</a>]</div> Brand names include: <ul><li>Coaxil (<a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">BG</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">CR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">CZ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">EE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">HU</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">LT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">LV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">PL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">RO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">RU</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">SK</a> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">UA</a>)</li> <li>Salymbra (<a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">EE</a>)</li> <li>Stablon (<a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">AR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">AT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">BR</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">FR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">HK</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">IN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">ID</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">MY</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">MX</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">PK</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">PT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">SG</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">SK</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">TH</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">TT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">TR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">VE</a>)</li> <li>Tatinol (<a href="/wiki/China" title="China">CN</a>)</li> <li>Tianeurax (<a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">DE</a>)</li> <li>Tynept (<a href="/wiki/India" title="India">IN</a>)</li> <li>Zinosal (<a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">ES</a>)</li> <li>Tianesal (<a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">PL</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianeptine&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Development">edit</a>]</div> Under the code names JNJ-39823277 and TPI-1062, tianeptine was previously under development for the treatment of major depressive disorder in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AdisInsight-6">[6]</a> <a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_I" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase I</a> <a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">clinical trials</a> were completed in Belgium and the United States in May and June 2009, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-AdisInsight-6">[6]</a> For unclear reasons development of tianeptine was discontinued in both countries in January 2012.<a href="#cite_note-AdisInsight-6">[6]</a> In October 2023, Tonix Pharmaceuticals announced that it had discontinued its development of tianeptine as a monotherapy for <a href="/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder" title="Major depressive disorder">major depressive disorder</a> after disappointing phase-2 clinical trial results.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> An ongoing clinical trial, sponsored by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Psychiatric_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Psychiatric Institute">New York Psychiatric Institute</a>, is examining tianeptine's use in <a href="/wiki/Treatment-resistant_depression" title="Treatment-resistant depression">treatment-resistant depression</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> U.S. <a href="/wiki/National_Poison_Data_System" class="mw-redirect" title="National Poison Data System">National Poison Data System</a> data on tianeptine showed a nationwide increase in tianeptine exposure calls and calls related to abuse and misuse during 2014–2017.<a href="#cite_note-pmid30070980-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recreational_use">Recreational use</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianeptine&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Recreational use">edit</a>]</div> As a <a href="/wiki/%CE%9C-opioid" class="mw-redirect" title="Μ-opioid">μ-opioid</a> agonist, tianeptine in large doses has high abuse potential. In 2001, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>'s Ministry of Health restricted tianeptine prescribing to psychiatrists due to its recreational potential.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Between 1989 and 2004, in France 141 cases of recreational use were identified, correlating to an incidence of 1 to 3 cases per 1000 persons treated with tianeptine and 45 between 2006 and 2011. According to Servier, stopping of treatment with tianeptine is difficult, due to the possibility of <a href="/wiki/Drug_withdrawal" title="Drug withdrawal">withdrawal</a> symptoms in a person. The severity of the withdrawal is dependent on the daily dose, with high doses being extremely difficult to quit.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> An official <a href="/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration" title="Drug Enforcement Administration">DEA</a> statement<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> states that the withdrawal symptoms in humans typically result in: agitation, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, hypertension, diarrhea, tremor, and diaphoresis, similar to other opioid drugs. In 2007, according to <a href="/wiki/French_Health_Products_Safety_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="French Health Products Safety Agency">French Health Products Safety Agency</a>, tianeptine's manufacturer Servier agreed to modify the drug's label, following problems with dependency.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> Tianeptine has been intravenously injected by drug users in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mrp-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-dt-87">[87]</a> This method of administration reportedly causes an <a href="/wiki/Opioid" title="Opioid">opioid</a>-like effect and is sometimes used in an attempt to lessen <a href="/wiki/Opioid#Dependence" title="Opioid">opioid withdrawal symptoms</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mrp-86">[86]</a> Tianeptine tablets contain <a href="/wiki/Silicon_dioxide" title="Silicon dioxide">silica</a> and do not dissolve completely. Often the solution is not filtered well thus particles in the injected fluid block <a href="/wiki/Capillary" title="Capillary">capillaries</a>, leading to <a href="/wiki/Thrombosis" title="Thrombosis">thrombosis</a> and then severe <a href="/wiki/Necrosis" title="Necrosis">necrosis</a>. Thus, in Russia tianeptine (sold under the brand name "Coaxil") is a schedule III controlled substance in the same list as the majority of <a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepines" class="mw-redirect" title="Benzodiazepines">benzodiazepines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barbiturates" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbiturates">barbiturates</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto-88">[88]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC) has expressed concern that tianeptine may be an "emerging public health risk", citing an increase in exposure-related calls to poison control centers in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-pmid30070980-17">[17]</a> Sold retail as a <a href="/wiki/Dietary_supplement" title="Dietary supplement">dietary supplement</a> and touted as a mood-booster and an aid for concentration, it is colloquially known as "gas-station heroin".<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> In the US, it is an unregulated drug sold under several product names and has been found to be adulterated with synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) or other drugs.<a href="#cite_note-mmwr-22">[22]</a> A literature review conducted in 2018 found 25 articles involving 65 patients with tianeptine abuse or dependence.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-37">[37]</a> Limited data showed that a majority of patients were male and that age ranged from 19 to 67. Routes of intake included oral, intravenous, and insufflation entry. In the 15 cases of overdose, 8 combined ingestion with at least one other substance, of which 3 resulted in death. Six additional deaths are reported involving tianeptine (making it 9 in total). In this report, the amount of tianeptine used ranged from 50 mg/day to 10 g/day orally. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legality">Legality</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianeptine&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Legality">edit</a>]</div> In 2003, <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> classified tianeptine a controlled substance due to increasing reports of misuse and recreational use.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> In Russia, tianeptine (sold under the brand name "Coaxil") is a schedule III controlled substance in the same list as the majority of <a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepines" class="mw-redirect" title="Benzodiazepines">benzodiazepines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barbiturates" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbiturates">barbiturates</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto-88">[88]</a> On March 13, 2020, with a decree approved by the Minister of Health, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> became the first European country to outlaw tianeptine considering it a Class I controlled substance.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianeptine&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: United States">edit</a>]</div> In the US, tianeptine is not considered by the <a href="/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration" title="Drug Enforcement Administration">Drug Enforcement Administration</a> as a controlled substance or analogue thereof.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> However, its use in dietary supplements and food is unlawful.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA) has issued warnings, as recently as January 2024, about the dangers of recreational tianeptine use and the risks posed by adulterated dietary supplements containing undeclared tianeptine.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> On 6 April 2018 Michigan became the first US state to outlaw tianeptine sodium, classifying it as a <a href="/wiki/Controlled_Substances_Act#Schedule_II_controlled_substances" title="Controlled Substances Act">schedule II</a> <a href="/wiki/Controlled_substance" title="Controlled substance">controlled substance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> The scheduling of tianeptine sodium is effective 4 July 2018.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> On March 15, 2021, Alabama outlawed tianeptine, classifying it as a <a href="/wiki/Controlled_Substances_Act#Schedule_II_controlled_substances" title="Controlled Substances Act">schedule II</a> <a href="/wiki/Controlled_substance" title="Controlled substance">controlled substance</a>. On November 14th, 2021, Alabama outlawed tianepine, classifying it as a <a href="/wiki/Controlled_Substances_Act#Schedule_I_controlled_substances" title="Controlled Substances Act">schedule I</a> <a href="/wiki/Controlled_substance" title="Controlled substance">controlled substance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> It was previously a <a href="/wiki/Controlled_Substances_Act#Schedule_II_controlled_substances" title="Controlled Substances Act">schedule II</a> in Alabama from March 15th, 2021 until November 14th, 2021 when it was moved into schedule I.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> On July 1, 2022, Tennessee outlawed tianeptine and adds "any salt, sulfate, free acid, or other preparation of tianeptine, and any salt, sulfate, free acid, compound, derivative, precursor, or preparation thereof that is substantially chemically equivalent or identical with tianeptine", classifying it as a <a href="/wiki/Controlled_Substances_Act#Schedule_II_controlled_substances" title="Controlled Substances Act">schedule II</a> <a href="/wiki/Controlled_substance" title="Controlled substance">controlled substance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> On December 22, 2022, Ohio outlawed tianeptine, classifying it as a <a href="/wiki/Controlled_Substances_Act#Schedule_I_controlled_substances" title="Controlled Substances Act">schedule I</a> <a href="/wiki/Controlled_substance" title="Controlled substance">controlled substance</a> with Ohio Governor Mike DeWine referencing the widespread availability of the chemical there as "gas-station heroin".<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> On March 23, 2023, Kentucky outlawed tianeptine, classifying it as a <a href="/wiki/Controlled_Substances_Act#Schedule_I_controlled_substances" title="Controlled Substances Act">schedule I</a> substance by an order of the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Kentucky" title="Governor of Kentucky">Governor of Kentucky</a>.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> On September 20, 2023, Florida outlawed tianeptine, classifying it as a <a href="/wiki/Controlled_Substances_Act#Schedule_I_controlled_substances" title="Controlled Substances Act">schedule I</a> substance by an administrative edict issued by the <a href="/wiki/Florida_Attorney_General" title="Florida Attorney General">Florida Attorney General</a>.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-21">[21]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianeptine&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amineptine" title="Amineptine">Amineptine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_antidepressants" title="List of antidepressants">List of antidepressants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_investigational_anxiolytics" title="List of investigational anxiolytics">List of investigational anxiolytics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianeptine/naloxone" title="Tianeptine/naloxone">Tianeptine/naloxone</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianeptine&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://governor.ky.gov/attachments/20230323_902-KAR-55-015E.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 1 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Government+of+the+State+of+Kentucky&rft.atitle=Statement+of+Emergency&rft.aulast=Besher&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Friedlander%2C+EC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgovernor.ky.gov%2Fattachments%2F20230323_902-KAR-55-015E.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATianeptine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/tylerroush/2023/03/24/growing-danger-of-gas-station-heroin-kentucky-latest-state-to-ban-tianeptine-opioid-like-drug-sold-in-groceries/">"Growing Danger Of 'Gas Station Heroin': Kentucky Latest State To Ban Tianeptine—Opioid-Like Drug Sold In Groceries"</a>. 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Florida Department of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Florida+Department+of+State&rft.atitle=Adoption+package+for+Emergency+Rule+2ER23-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.myfloridalegal.com%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2023-09%2F2er23-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATianeptine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.myfloridalegal.com/newsrelease/video-attorney-general-moody-outlaws-gas-station-heroin-florida">"VIDEO: Attorney General Moody Outlaws Gas Station Heroin in Florida | My Florida Legal"</a>.</cite><span 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Antidepressants_(N06A)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Antidepressants" title="Template:Antidepressants"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Antidepressants" title="Template talk:Antidepressants"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Antidepressants" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Antidepressants"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Antidepressants_(N06A)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Antidepressant" title="Antidepressant">Antidepressants</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_N06#N06A" title="ATC code N06">N06A</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Specific_reuptake_inhibitors_and/or_receptor_modulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Specific <a href="/wiki/Reuptake_inhibitor" title="Reuptake inhibitor">reuptake inhibitors</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">receptor modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors"><abbr title="Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors">SSRIs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citalopram" title="Citalopram">Citalopram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escitalopram" title="Escitalopram">Escitalopram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluoxetine" title="Fluoxetine">Fluoxetine</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluvoxamine" title="Fluvoxamine">Fluvoxamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indalpine" title="Indalpine">Indalpine</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paroxetine" title="Paroxetine">Paroxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sertraline" title="Sertraline">Sertraline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimelidine" title="Zimelidine">Zimelidine</a>‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Serotonin%E2%80%93norepinephrine_reuptake_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors"><abbr title="Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors">SNRIs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desvenlafaxine" title="Desvenlafaxine">Desvenlafaxine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duloxetine" title="Duloxetine">Duloxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levomilnacipran" title="Levomilnacipran">Levomilnacipran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milnacipran" title="Milnacipran">Milnacipran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofenacin" title="Tofenacin">Tofenacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venlafaxine" title="Venlafaxine">Venlafaxine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Norepinephrine_reuptake_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors"><abbr title="Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors">NRIs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atomoxetine" title="Atomoxetine">Atomoxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reboxetine" title="Reboxetine">Reboxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viloxazine" title="Viloxazine">Viloxazine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Norepinephrine%E2%80%93dopamine_reuptake_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors"><abbr title="Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors">NDRIs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amineptine" title="Amineptine">Amineptine</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bupropion" title="Bupropion">Bupropion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomifensine" title="Nomifensine">Nomifensine</a>‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Noradrenergic_and_specific_serotonergic_antidepressants" class="mw-redirect" title="Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants"><abbr title="Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants">NaSSAs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mianserin" title="Mianserin">Mianserin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirtazapine" title="Mirtazapine">Mirtazapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setiptiline" title="Setiptiline">Setiptiline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Serotonin_antagonist_and_reuptake_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors"><abbr title="Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors">SARIs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Etoperidone" title="Etoperidone">Etoperidone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefazodone" title="Nefazodone">Nefazodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trazodone" title="Trazodone">Trazodone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Serotonin_modulator_and_stimulators" class="mw-redirect" title="Serotonin modulator and stimulators"><abbr title="Serotonin modulator and stimulators">SMS</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Serotonin modulator and stimulators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vilazodone" title="Vilazodone">Vilazodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortioxetine" title="Vortioxetine">Vortioxetine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agomelatine" title="Agomelatine">Agomelatine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amisulpride" title="Amisulpride">Amisulpride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dextromethorphan/bupropion" title="Dextromethorphan/bupropion">Dextromethorphan/bupropion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esketamine" title="Esketamine">Esketamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-Ethyltryptamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Ethyltryptamine">Etryptamine</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gepirone" title="Gepirone">Gepirone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indeloxazine" title="Indeloxazine">Indeloxazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flupentixol" title="Flupentixol">Flupentixol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketamine" title="Ketamine">Ketamine</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medifoxamine" title="Medifoxamine">Medifoxamine</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-Methyltryptamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Methyltryptamine">Metryptamine</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxaflozane" title="Oxaflozane">Oxaflozane</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pivagabine" title="Pivagabine">Pivagabine</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandospirone" title="Tandospirone">Tandospirone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teniloxazine" title="Teniloxazine">Teniloxazine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tianeptine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Tricyclic_and_tetracyclic_antidepressants" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tricyclic" title="Tricyclic">Tricyclic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tetracyclic_antidepressant" title="Tetracyclic antidepressant">tetracyclic antidepressants</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tricyclic_antidepressants" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricyclic antidepressants"><abbr title="Tricyclic antidepressants">TCAs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Tricyclic antidepressants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amineptine" title="Amineptine">Amineptine</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amitriptyline" title="Amitriptyline">Amitriptyline</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amitriptylinoxide" title="Amitriptylinoxide">Amitriptylinoxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoxapine" title="Amoxapine">Amoxapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butriptyline" title="Butriptyline">Butriptyline</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clomipramine" title="Clomipramine">Clomipramine</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demexiptiline" title="Demexiptiline">Demexiptiline</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desipramine" title="Desipramine">Desipramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dibenzepin" title="Dibenzepin">Dibenzepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimetacrine" title="Dimetacrine">Dimetacrine</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dosulepin" title="Dosulepin">Dosulepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxepin" title="Doxepin">Doxepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imipramine" title="Imipramine">Imipramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imipraminoxide" title="Imipraminoxide">Imipraminoxide</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iprindole" title="Iprindole">Iprindole</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lofepramine" title="Lofepramine">Lofepramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melitracen" title="Melitracen">Melitracen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapramine" title="Metapramine">Metapramine</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitroxazepine" title="Nitroxazepine">Nitroxazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nortriptyline" title="Nortriptyline">Nortriptyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noxiptiline" title="Noxiptiline">Noxiptiline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opipramol" title="Opipramol">Opipramol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipofezine" title="Pipofezine">Pipofezine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propizepine" title="Propizepine">Propizepine</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protriptyline" title="Protriptyline">Protriptyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinupramine" title="Quinupramine">Quinupramine</a>‡</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tianeptine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimipramine" title="Trimipramine">Trimipramine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tetracyclic_antidepressants" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetracyclic antidepressants"><abbr title="Tetracyclic antidepressants">TeCAs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Tetracyclic antidepressants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maprotiline" title="Maprotiline">Maprotiline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianserin" title="Mianserin">Mianserin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirtazapine" title="Mirtazapine">Mirtazapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setiptiline" title="Setiptiline">Setiptiline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiazesim" title="Tiazesim">Tiazesim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Monoamine_oxidase_inhibitors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Monoamine_oxidase_inhibitor" title="Monoamine oxidase inhibitor">Monoamine oxidase inhibitors</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-selective</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Irreversible: <a href="/wiki/Benmoxin" title="Benmoxin">Benmoxin</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iproclozide" title="Iproclozide">Iproclozide</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iproniazid" title="Iproniazid">Iproniazid</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isocarboxazid" title="Isocarboxazid">Isocarboxazid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoniazid" title="Isoniazid">Isoniazid</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linezolid" title="Linezolid">Linezolid</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mebanazine" title="Mebanazine">Mebanazine</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nialamide" title="Nialamide">Nialamide</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octamoxin" title="Octamoxin">Octamoxin</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenelzine" title="Phenelzine">Phenelzine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pheniprazine" title="Pheniprazine">Pheniprazine</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenoxypropazine" title="Phenoxypropazine">Phenoxypropazine</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pivhydrazine" title="Pivhydrazine">Pivhydrazine</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safrazine" title="Safrazine">Safrazine</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tedizolid" title="Tedizolid">Tedizolid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tranylcypromine" title="Tranylcypromine">Tranylcypromine</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Reversible: <a href="/wiki/Caroxazone" title="Caroxazone">Caroxazone</a>‡</li></ul> <ul><li>Mixed: <a href="/wiki/Bifemelane" title="Bifemelane">Bifemelane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monoamine_oxidase_A" title="Monoamine oxidase A"><abbr title="Monoamine oxidase A">MAOA</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Monoamine oxidase A-selective</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Reversible: <a href="/wiki/Eprobemide" title="Eprobemide">Eprobemide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metralindole" title="Metralindole">Metralindole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minaprine" title="Minaprine">Minaprine</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moclobemide" title="Moclobemide">Moclobemide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirlindole" title="Pirlindole">Pirlindole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrindole" title="Tetrindole">Tetrindole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toloxatone" title="Toloxatone">Toloxatone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monoamine_oxidase_B" title="Monoamine oxidase B"><abbr title="Monoamine oxidase B">MAOB</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Monoamine oxidase B-selective</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Irreversible: <a href="/wiki/Selegiline" title="Selegiline">Selegiline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Adjunctive_therapies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Adjuvant_therapy" title="Adjuvant therapy">Adjunctive therapies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atypical_antipsychotic" title="Atypical antipsychotic">Atypical antipsychotics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aripiprazole" title="Aripiprazole">aripiprazole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brexpiprazole" title="Brexpiprazole">brexpiprazole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lurasidone" title="Lurasidone">lurasidone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olanzapine" title="Olanzapine">olanzapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quetiapine" title="Quetiapine">quetiapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Risperidone" title="Risperidone">risperidone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buspirone" title="Buspirone">Buspirone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithium_(medication)" title="Lithium (medication)">Lithium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lithium_carbonate" title="Lithium carbonate">lithium carbonate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithium_citrate" title="Lithium citrate">lithium citrate</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyroid_hormone" class="mw-redirect" title="Thyroid hormone">Thyroid hormones</a> (<a href="/wiki/Triiodothyronine" title="Triiodothyronine">triiodothyronine</a> (T3), <a href="/wiki/Levothyroxine" title="Levothyroxine">levothyroxine</a> (T4))</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Miscellaneous" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Miscellaneous</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ademetionine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ademetionine">Ademetionine (<abbr title="S-adenosyl-L-methionine">SAMe</abbr>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GABAA_receptor_positive_allosteric_modulator" title="GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator">GABAkine</a> <a href="/wiki/Neurosteroid" title="Neurosteroid">neurosteroids</a> (<a href="/wiki/Allopregnanolone" title="Allopregnanolone">brexanolone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zuranolone" title="Zuranolone">zuranolone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypericum_perforatum" title="Hypericum perforatum">Hypericum perforatum (St. John's Wort)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxitriptan" title="Oxitriptan">Oxitriptan (<abbr title="5-hydroxytryptophan">5-HTP</abbr>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubidium_chloride" title="Rubidium chloride">Rubidium chloride (RbCl)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tryptophan" title="Tryptophan">Tryptophan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>#<a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li>‡<a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li>§Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anxiolytics_(N05B)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anxiolytics" title="Template:Anxiolytics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anxiolytics" title="Template talk:Anxiolytics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anxiolytics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anxiolytics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anxiolytics_(N05B)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Anxiolytic" title="Anxiolytic">Anxiolytics</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_N05#N05B" title="ATC code N05">N05B</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/5-HT1A_receptor" title="5-HT1A receptor"><abbr title="5-HT1A receptor">5-HT1AR</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip 5-HT1A receptor <a href="/wiki/Agonist" title="Agonist">agonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buspirone" title="Buspirone">Buspirone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gepirone" title="Gepirone">Gepirone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandospirone" title="Tandospirone">Tandospirone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/GABAA_receptor" title="GABAA receptor"><abbr title="GABAA receptor">GABAAR</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip GABAA receptor <a href="/wiki/Positive_allosteric_modulators" class="mw-redirect" title="Positive allosteric modulators"><abbr title="positive allosteric modulators">PAMs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip positive allosteric modulators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine" title="Benzodiazepine">Benzodiazepines</a>: <a href="/wiki/Adinazolam" title="Adinazolam">Adinazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alprazolam" title="Alprazolam">Alprazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromazepam" title="Bromazepam">Bromazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camazepam" title="Camazepam">Camazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlordiazepoxide" title="Chlordiazepoxide">Chlordiazepoxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clobazam" title="Clobazam">Clobazam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clonazepam" title="Clonazepam">Clonazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clorazepate" title="Clorazepate">Clorazepate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotiazepam" title="Clotiazepam">Clotiazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloxazolam" title="Cloxazolam">Cloxazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diazepam" title="Diazepam">Diazepam</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethyl_loflazepate" title="Ethyl loflazepate">Ethyl loflazepate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etizolam" title="Etizolam">Etizolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fludiazepam" title="Fludiazepam">Fludiazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halazepam" title="Halazepam">Halazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketazolam" title="Ketazolam">Ketazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorazepam" title="Lorazepam">Lorazepam</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medazepam" title="Medazepam">Medazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordazepam" title="Nordazepam">Nordazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxazepam" title="Oxazepam">Oxazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinazepam" title="Pinazepam">Pinazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prazepam" title="Prazepam">Prazepam</a>; Others: <a href="/wiki/Alpidem" title="Alpidem">Alpidem</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbiturate" title="Barbiturate">Barbiturates</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Phenobarbital" title="Phenobarbital">phenobarbital</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbamate" title="Carbamate">Carbamates</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Meprobamate" title="Meprobamate">meprobamate</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carisoprodol" title="Carisoprodol">Carisoprodol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlormezanone" title="Chlormezanone">Chlormezanone</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">Ethanol (alcohol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etifoxine" title="Etifoxine">Etifoxine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Hypnotic" title="Hypnotic">Hypnotics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zopiclone" title="Zopiclone">Zopiclone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Gabapentinoid" title="Gabapentinoid">Gabapentinoids</a> (<a href="/wiki/Voltage-dependent_calcium_channel#.CE.B12.CE.B4_Subunit" class="mw-redirect" title="Voltage-dependent calcium channel"><abbr title="alpha2delta subunit">α2δ</abbr> <abbr title="voltage-dependent calcium channel">VDCC</abbr></a> <a href="/wiki/Channel_blocker" title="Channel blocker">blockers</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabapentin" title="Gabapentin">Gabapentin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabapentin_enacarbil" title="Gabapentin enacarbil">Gabapentin enacarbil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenibut" title="Phenibut">Phenibut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregabalin" title="Pregabalin">Pregabalin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Antidepressant" title="Antidepressant">Antidepressants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors"><abbr title="Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors">SSRIs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Escitalopram" title="Escitalopram">escitalopram</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serotonin-norepinephrine_reuptake_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors"><abbr title="Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors">SNRIs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Duloxetine" title="Duloxetine">duloxetine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serotonin_antagonist_and_reuptake_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors"><abbr title="Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors">SARIs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Trazodone" title="Trazodone">trazodone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricyclic_antidepressants" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricyclic antidepressants"><abbr title="Tricyclic antidepressants">TCAs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Clomipramine" title="Clomipramine">clomipramine</a>#)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetracyclic_antidepressants" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetracyclic antidepressants"><abbr title="Tetracyclic antidepressants">TeCAs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Mirtazapine" title="Mirtazapine">mirtazapine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monoamine_oxidase_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoamine oxidase inhibitors"><abbr title="Monoamine oxidase inhibitors">MAOIs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Phenelzine" title="Phenelzine">phenelzine</a>); Others: <a href="/wiki/Agomelatine" title="Agomelatine">Agomelatine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bupropion" title="Bupropion">Bupropion</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tianeptine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilazodone" title="Vilazodone">Vilazodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortioxetine" title="Vortioxetine">Vortioxetine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Antipsychotic" title="Antipsychotic">Antipsychotics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quetiapine" title="Quetiapine">Quetiapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flupentixol" title="Flupentixol">Flupentixol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sympatholytic" title="Sympatholytic">Sympatholytics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Antiadrenergic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiadrenergic">Antiadrenergics</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-1_blocker" title="Alpha-1 blocker">Alpha-1 blockers</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Prazosin" title="Prazosin">prazosin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-2_agonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-2 agonist">Alpha-2 agonists</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Clonidine" title="Clonidine">clonidine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dexmedetomidine" title="Dexmedetomidine">dexmedetomidine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guanfacine" title="Guanfacine">guanfacine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_blocker" title="Beta blocker">Beta blockers</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Propranolol" title="Propranolol">propranolol</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benzoctamine" title="Benzoctamine">Benzoctamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycloserine" title="Cycloserine">Cycloserine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabomotizole" title="Fabomotizole">Fabomotizole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxyzine" title="Hydroxyzine">Hydroxyzine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorpiprazole" title="Lorpiprazole">Lorpiprazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mebicar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mebicar">Mebicar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mepiprazole" title="Mepiprazole">Mepiprazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotine" title="Nicotine">Nicotine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opipramol" title="Opipramol">Opipramol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxaflozane" title="Oxaflozane">Oxaflozane</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenaglycodol" title="Phenaglycodol">Phenaglycodol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenibut" title="Phenibut">Phenibut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picamilon" title="Picamilon">Picamilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selank" title="Selank">Selank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiagabine" title="Tiagabine">Tiagabine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofisopam" title="Tofisopam">Tofisopam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Validolum" class="mw-redirect" title="Validolum">Validolum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>#<a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li>‡<a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li>§Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Opioid_receptor_modulators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Opioid_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Opioid receptor modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Opioid_receptor_modulators" title="Template talk:Opioid receptor modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Opioid_receptor_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Opioid receptor modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Opioid_receptor_modulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Opioid_receptor" title="Opioid receptor">Opioid receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C-opioid_receptor" title="Μ-opioid receptor">μ-opioid</a> (MOR)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Agonists(abridged;_full_list)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agonists (abridged; <a href="/wiki/List_of_opioids" title="List of opioids">full list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3-HO-PCP" title="3-HO-PCP">3-HO-PCP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7-Acetoxymitragynine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7-Acetoxymitragynine (page does not exist)">7-Acetoxymitragynine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7-Hydroxymitragynine" title="7-Hydroxymitragynine">7-Hydroxymitragynine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%A8-Akuammigine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ψ-Akuammigine (page does not exist)">ψ-Akuammigine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlornaltrexamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlornaltrexamine">α-Chlornaltrexamine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpha-Narcotine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alpha-Narcotine (page does not exist)">α-Narcotine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acetyldihydrocodeine" title="Acetyldihydrocodeine">Acetyldihydrocodeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acetylfentanyl" title="Acetylfentanyl">Acetylfentanyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acrylfentanyl" title="Acrylfentanyl">Acrylfentanyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrenorphin" title="Adrenorphin">Adrenorphin (metorphamide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AH-7921" title="AH-7921">AH-7921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akuammicine" title="Akuammicine">Akuammicine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akuammidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akuammidine (page does not exist)">Akuammidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfentanil" title="Alfentanil">Alfentanil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anileridine" title="Anileridine">Anileridine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apparicine" title="Apparicine">Apparicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta-Endorphin" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-Endorphin">β-Endorphin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bovine_adrenal_medullary_peptide-12P&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bovine adrenal medullary peptide-12P (page does not exist)">BAM-12P</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bovine_adrenal_medullary_peptide-18P&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bovine adrenal medullary peptide-18P (page does not exist)">BAM-18P</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bovine_adrenal_medullary_peptide-22P&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bovine adrenal medullary peptide-22P (page does not exist)">BAM-22P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzhydrocodone" title="Benzhydrocodone">Benzhydrocodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzylmorphine" title="Benzylmorphine">Benzylmorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezitramide" title="Bezitramide">Bezitramide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biphalin" title="Biphalin">Biphalin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BU08070&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BU08070 (page does not exist)">BU08070</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buprenorphine" title="Buprenorphine">Buprenorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butorphan" class="mw-redirect" title="Butorphan">Butorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butorphanol" title="Butorphanol">Butorphanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butyrfentanyl" title="Butyrfentanyl">Butyrfentanyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BW373U86" title="BW373U86">BW373U86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carfentanil" title="Carfentanil">Carfentanil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casokefamide" title="Casokefamide">Casokefamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebranopadol" title="Cebranopadol">Cebranopadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloroxymorphamine" title="Chloroxymorphamine">Chloroxymorphamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codeine" title="Codeine">Codeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DADLE" title="DADLE">DADLE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAMGO" title="DAMGO">DAMGO (DAGO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dermorphin" title="Dermorphin">Dermorphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmetramadol" title="Desmetramadol">Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desomorphine" title="Desomorphine">Desomorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dextromoramide" title="Dextromoramide">Dextromoramide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dextropropoxyphene" title="Dextropropoxyphene">Dextropropoxyphene (propoxyphene)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezocine" title="Dezocine">Dezocine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimenoxadol" title="Dimenoxadol">Dimenoxadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethylaminopivalophenone" title="Dimethylaminopivalophenone">Dimethylaminopivalophenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eluxadoline" title="Eluxadoline">Eluxadoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroin" title="Heroin">Diamorphine (heroin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydrocodeine" title="Dihydrocodeine">Dihydrocodeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydroetorphine" title="Dihydroetorphine">Dihydroetorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydromorphine" title="Dihydromorphine">Dihydromorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinalbuphine_sebacate" title="Dinalbuphine sebacate">Dinalbuphine sebacate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diphenoxylate" title="Diphenoxylate">Diphenoxylate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipipanone" title="Dipipanone">Dipipanone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynorphin_A" title="Dynorphin A">Dynorphin A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embutramide" title="Embutramide">Embutramide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endomorphin-1" title="Endomorphin-1">Endomorphin-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endomorphin-2" title="Endomorphin-2">Endomorphin-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eseroline" title="Eseroline">Eseroline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylmorphine" title="Ethylmorphine">Ethylmorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etorphine" title="Etorphine">Etorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fentanyl" title="Fentanyl">Fentanyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorophen" title="Fluorophen">Fluorophen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frakefamide" title="Frakefamide">Frakefamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furanylfentanyl" title="Furanylfentanyl">Furanylfentanyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemorphin-4" title="Hemorphin-4">Hemorphin-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herkinorin" title="Herkinorin">Herkinorin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hodgkinsine" title="Hodgkinsine">Hodgkinsine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrocodone" title="Hydrocodone">Hydrocodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydromorphinol" title="Hydromorphinol">Hydromorphinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydromorphone" title="Hydromorphone">Hydromorphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBNtxA" title="IBNtxA">IBNtxA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketamine" title="Ketamine">Ketamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketobemidone" title="Ketobemidone">Ketobemidone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitragyna_speciosa" title="Mitragyna speciosa">Kratom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laudanosine" title="Laudanosine">Laudanosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lefetamine" title="Lefetamine">Lefetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leu-enkephalin" title="Leu-enkephalin">Leu-enkephalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levacetylmethadol" title="Levacetylmethadol">Levacetylmethadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levomethorphan" title="Levomethorphan">Levomethorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levorphanol" title="Levorphanol">Levorphanol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lexanopadol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lexanopadol (page does not exist)">Lexanopadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loperamide" title="Loperamide">Loperamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loxicodegol" class="mw-redirect" title="Loxicodegol">Loxicodegol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LS-115509" title="LS-115509">LS-115509</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrine" title="Matrine">Matrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meptazinol" title="Meptazinol">Meptazinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Met-enkephalin" title="Met-enkephalin">Met-enkephalin (metenkefalin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methadone" title="Methadone">Methadone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metkefamide" title="Metkefamide">Metkefamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metopon" title="Metopon">Metopon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitragynine" title="Mitragynine">Mitragynine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitragynine_pseudoindoxyl" title="Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl">Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morphiceptin" title="Morphiceptin">Morphiceptin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morphine" title="Morphine">Morphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalbuphine" title="Nalbuphine">Nalbuphine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naloxone_benzoylhydrazone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naloxone benzoylhydrazone (page does not exist)">NalBzOH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalmexone" title="Nalmexone">Nalmexone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naltalimide" title="Naltalimide">Naltalimide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neopine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neopine (page does not exist)">Neopine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFEPP" title="NFEPP">NFEPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicocodeine" title="Nicocodeine">Nicocodeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicodicodine" title="Nicodicodine">Nicodicodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicomorphine" title="Nicomorphine">Nicomorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norketamine" title="Norketamine">Norketamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nufenoxole" title="Nufenoxole">Nufenoxole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octreotide" title="Octreotide">Octreotide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliceridine" title="Oliceridine">Oliceridine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxycodegol" title="Oxycodegol">Oxycodegol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxymorphone-3-methoxynaltrexonazine" title="Oxymorphone-3-methoxynaltrexonazine">OM-3-MNZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oripavine" title="Oripavine">Oripavine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxycodone" title="Oxycodone">Oxycodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxymorphazone" title="Oxymorphazone">Oxymorphazone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxymorphonazine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxymorphonazine (page does not exist)">Oxymorphonazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxymorphone" title="Oxymorphone">Oxymorphone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxymorphone_phenylhydrazone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxymorphone phenylhydrazone (page does not exist)">Oxymorphone phenylhydrazone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxymorphone_p-nitrophenylhydrazone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxymorphone p-nitrophenylhydrazone (page does not exist)">OxyPNPH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papaver_somniferum" title="Papaver somniferum">Papaver somniferum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Opium" title="Opium">opium</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentazocine" title="Pentazocine">Pentazocine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pericine" title="Pericine">Pericine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pethidine" title="Pethidine">Pethidine (meperidine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenazocine" title="Phenazocine">Phenazocine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phencyclidine" title="Phencyclidine">Phencyclidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piminodine" title="Piminodine">Piminodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piritramide" title="Piritramide">Piritramide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PL-017&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PL-017 (page does not exist)">PL-017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prodine" title="Prodine">Prodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propiram" title="Propiram">Propiram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PZM21" title="PZM21">PZM21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methorphan" title="Methorphan">Racemethorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racemorphan" title="Racemorphan">Racemorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remifentanil" title="Remifentanil">Remifentanil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsolinol" title="Salsolinol">Salsolinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SC-17599" title="SC-17599">SC-17599</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinomenine" title="Sinomenine">Sinomenine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufentanil" title="Sufentanil">Sufentanil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapentadol" title="Tapentadol">Tapentadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydropapaveroline" title="Tetrahydropapaveroline">Tetrahydropapaveroline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TH-030418" title="TH-030418">TH-030418</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thebaine" title="Thebaine">Thebaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thienorphine" title="Thienorphine">Thienorphine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tianeptine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilidine" title="Tilidine">Tilidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tramadol" title="Tramadol">Tramadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimebutine" title="Trimebutine">Trimebutine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRIMU_5" title="TRIMU 5">TRIMU 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRV734" title="TRV734">TRV734</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tubotaiwine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tubotaiwine (page does not exist)">Tubotaiwine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-47700" title="U-47700">U-47700</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valorphin" title="Valorphin">Valorphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viminol" title="Viminol">Viminol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xorphanol" title="Xorphanol">Xorphanol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Picenadol" title="Picenadol">(3S,4S)-Picenadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viminol" title="Viminol">2-(S)-N,N-(R)-Viminol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3CS-nalmefene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3CS-nalmefene (page does not exist)">3CS-nalmefene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Caffeoyl-1,5-quinide" title="4-Caffeoyl-1,5-quinide">4-Caffeoyl-1,5-quinide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4%E2%80%B2-Hydroxyflavanone" class="mw-redirect" title="4′-Hydroxyflavanone">4′-Hydroxyflavanone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4%27,7-Dihydroxyflavone" title="4',7-Dihydroxyflavone">4',7-Dihydroxyflavone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6%CE%B2-Naltrexol" title="6β-Naltrexol">6β-Naltrexol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6%CE%B2-Naltrexol-d4" title="6β-Naltrexol-d4">6β-Naltrexol-d4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18-Methoxycoronaridine" title="18-Methoxycoronaridine">18-MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-Gliadin" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Gliadin">α-Gliadin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlornaltrexamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlornaltrexamine">β-Chlornaltrexamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta-Funaltrexamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-Funaltrexamine">β-Funaltrexamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akuammine" title="Akuammine">Akuammine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvimopan" title="Alvimopan">Alvimopan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-251_(drug)" title="AM-251 (drug)">AM-251</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apigenin" title="Apigenin">Apigenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AT-076" title="AT-076">AT-076</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axelopran" title="Axelopran">Axelopran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bevenopran" title="Bevenopran">Bevenopran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catechin" title="Catechin">Catechin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epicatechin_gallate" title="Epicatechin gallate">Catechin gallate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clocinnamox" title="Clocinnamox">Clocinnamox</a></li> <li>CTAP</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CTOP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CTOP (page does not exist)">CTOP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyclofoxy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyclofoxy (page does not exist)">Cyclofoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprodime" title="Cyprodime">Cyprodime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diacetylnalorphine" title="Diacetylnalorphine">Diacetylnalorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diprenorphine" title="Diprenorphine">Diprenorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epicatechin_gallate" title="Epicatechin gallate">ECG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallocatechol" title="Gallocatechol">EGC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epicatechin" class="mw-redirect" title="Epicatechin">Epicatechin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eptazocine" title="Eptazocine">Eptazocine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemazocine" title="Gemazocine">Gemazocine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ginsenoside_R&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ginsenoside R (page does not exist)">Ginsenoside R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperoside" title="Hyperoside">Hyperoside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibogaine" title="Ibogaine">Ibogaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JDTic" title="JDTic">JDTic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levallorphan" title="Levallorphan">Levallorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobeline" title="Lobeline">Lobeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LY-255582" title="LY-255582">LY-255582</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LY-2196044" class="mw-redirect" title="LY-2196044">LY-2196044</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methocinnamox" title="Methocinnamox">Methocinnamox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylnaltrexone" title="Methylnaltrexone">Methylnaltrexone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methylsamidorphan_chloride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Methylsamidorphan chloride (page does not exist)">Methylsamidorphan chloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naldemedine" title="Naldemedine">Naldemedine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalmefene" title="Nalmefene">Nalmefene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalodeine" title="Nalodeine">Nalodeine (N-allylnorcodeine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalorphine" title="Nalorphine">Nalorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalorphine_dinicotinate" title="Nalorphine dinicotinate">Nalorphine dinicotinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naloxazone" title="Naloxazone">Naloxazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naloxegol" title="Naloxegol">Naloxegol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naloxol" title="Naloxol">Naloxol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naloxonazine" title="Naloxonazine">Naloxonazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naloxone" title="Naloxone">Naloxone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naltrexazone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naltrexazone (page does not exist)">Naltrexazone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naltrexonazine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naltrexonazine (page does not exist)">Naltrexonazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naltrexone" title="Naltrexone">Naltrexone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naltrindole" title="Naltrindole">Naltrindole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naringenin" title="Naringenin">Naringenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noribogaine" title="Noribogaine">Noribogaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxilorphan" title="Oxilorphan">Oxilorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawhuskin_A" title="Pawhuskin A">Pawhuskin A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimonabant" title="Rimonabant">Rimonabant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadazocine" title="Quadazocine">Quadazocine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samidorphan" title="Samidorphan">Samidorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxifolin" title="Taxifolin">Taxifolin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%94-opioid_receptor" title="Δ-opioid receptor">δ-opioid</a> (DOR)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3CS-nalmefene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3CS-nalmefene (page does not exist)">3CS-nalmefene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6%27-Guanidinonaltrindole" title="6'-Guanidinonaltrindole">6'-GNTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7-Spiroindanyloxymorphone" title="7-Spiroindanyloxymorphone">7-SIOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADL-5747" title="ADL-5747">ADL-5747 (PF-04856881)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADL-5859" title="ADL-5859">ADL-5859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alazocine" title="Alazocine">Alazocine (SKF-10047)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoxapine" title="Amoxapine">Amoxapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARM390" title="ARM390">AR-M100390 (ARM390)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AZD2327" class="mw-redirect" title="AZD2327">AZD2327</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta-Endorphin" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-Endorphin">β-Endorphin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bovine_adrenal_medullary_peptide-18P&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bovine adrenal medullary peptide-18P (page does not exist)">BAM-18P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biphalin" title="Biphalin">Biphalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BU-48" title="BU-48">BU-48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butorphan" class="mw-redirect" title="Butorphan">Butorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butorphanol" title="Butorphanol">Butorphanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BW373U86" title="BW373U86">BW373U86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casokefamide" title="Casokefamide">Casokefamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebranopadol" title="Cebranopadol">Cebranopadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codeine" title="Codeine">Codeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclazocine" title="Cyclazocine">Cyclazocine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DADLE" title="DADLE">DADLE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deltorphin" title="Deltorphin">Deltorphin A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deltorphin_I" title="Deltorphin I">Deltorphin I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deltorphin_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deltorphin II (page does not exist)">Deltorphin II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmethylclozapine" title="Desmethylclozapine">Desmethylclozapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmetramadol" title="Desmetramadol">Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezocine" title="Dezocine">Dezocine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroin" title="Heroin">Diamorphine (heroin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydroetorphine" title="Dihydroetorphine">Dihydroetorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydromorphine" title="Dihydromorphine">Dihydromorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DPDPE" title="DPDPE">DPDPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DPI-221" title="DPI-221">DPI-221</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DPI-3290" title="DPI-3290">DPI-3290</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=(D-Ser2,_Leu5,_Thr6)-Enkephalin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="(D-Ser2, Leu5, Thr6)-Enkephalin (page does not exist)">DSLET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylketazocine" title="Ethylketazocine">Ethylketazocine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etorphine" title="Etorphine">Etorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fentanyl" title="Fentanyl">Fentanyl</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fentanyl_isothiocyanate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fentanyl isothiocyanate (page does not exist)">FIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorophen" title="Fluorophen">Fluorophen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemorphin-4" title="Hemorphin-4">Hemorphin-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrocodone" title="Hydrocodone">Hydrocodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydromorphone" title="Hydromorphone">Hydromorphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibogaine" title="Ibogaine">Ibogaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isomethadone" title="Isomethadone">Isomethadone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JNJ-20788560" title="JNJ-20788560">JNJ-20788560</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KNT-127" title="KNT-127">KNT-127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitragyna_speciosa" title="Mitragyna speciosa">Kratom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laudanosine" title="Laudanosine">Laudanosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leu-enkephalin" title="Leu-enkephalin">Leu-enkephalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levomethorphan" title="Levomethorphan">Levomethorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levorphanol" title="Levorphanol">Levorphanol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lexanopadol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lexanopadol (page does not exist)">Lexanopadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lofentanil" title="Lofentanil">Lofentanil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Met-enkephalin" title="Met-enkephalin">Met-enkephalin (metenkefalin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metazocine" title="Metazocine">Metazocine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metkefamide" title="Metkefamide">Metkefamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitragynine" title="Mitragynine">Mitragynine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitragynine_pseudoindoxyl" title="Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl">Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morphine" title="Morphine">Morphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Phenethyl-14-ethoxymetopon" title="N-Phenethyl-14-ethoxymetopon">N-Phenethyl-14-ethoxymetopon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbuprenorphine" title="Norbuprenorphine">Norbuprenorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naloxone_benzoylhydrazone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naloxone benzoylhydrazone (page does not exist)">NalBzOH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oripavine" title="Oripavine">Oripavine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxycodone" title="Oxycodone">Oxycodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxymorphone" title="Oxymorphone">Oxymorphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pethidine" title="Pethidine">Pethidine (meperidine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proglumide" title="Proglumide">Proglumide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methorphan" title="Methorphan">Racemethorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racemorphan" title="Racemorphan">Racemorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RWJ-394674" title="RWJ-394674">RWJ-394674</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samidorphan" title="Samidorphan">Samidorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SB-235863&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SB-235863 (page does not exist)">SB-235863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNC-80" title="SNC-80">SNC-80</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SNC-162&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SNC-162 (page does not exist)">SNC-162</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TAN-67" title="TAN-67">TAN-67 (SB-205,607)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TH-030418" title="TH-030418">TH-030418</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thebaine" title="Thebaine">Thebaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-8813" title="C-8813">Thiobromadol (C-8813)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonazocine" title="Tonazocine">Tonazocine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tramadol" title="Tramadol">Tramadol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TRV250&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TRV250 (page does not exist)">TRV250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xorphanol" title="Xorphanol">Xorphanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenazocine" title="Zenazocine">Zenazocine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4%27,7-Dihydroxyflavone" title="4',7-Dihydroxyflavone">4',7-Dihydroxyflavone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naltrindole-5%27-isothiocyanate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naltrindole-5'-isothiocyanate (page does not exist)">5'-NTII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6%CE%B2-Naltrexol" title="6β-Naltrexol">6β-Naltrexol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6%CE%B2-Naltrexol-d4" title="6β-Naltrexol-d4">6β-Naltrexol-d4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpha-Santolol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alpha-Santolol (page does not exist)">α-Santolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlornaltrexamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlornaltrexamine">β-Chlornaltrexamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apigenin" title="Apigenin">Apigenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AT-076" title="AT-076">AT-076</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axelopran" title="Axelopran">Axelopran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bevenopran" title="Bevenopran">Bevenopran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7-Benzylidenenaltrexone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7-Benzylidenenaltrexone (page does not exist)">BNTX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catechin" title="Catechin">Catechin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epicatechin_gallate" title="Epicatechin gallate">Catechin gallate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clocinnamox" title="Clocinnamox">Clocinnamox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diacetylnalorphine" title="Diacetylnalorphine">Diacetylnalorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diprenorphine" title="Diprenorphine">Diprenorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epicatechin_gallate" title="Epicatechin gallate">ECG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallocatechol" title="Gallocatechol">EGC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eluxadoline" title="Eluxadoline">Eluxadoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epicatechin" class="mw-redirect" title="Epicatechin">Epicatechin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ICI-154129&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ICI-154129 (page does not exist)">ICI-154129</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ICI-174864&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ICI-174864 (page does not exist)">ICI-174864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LY-255582" title="LY-255582">LY-255582</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LY-2196044" class="mw-redirect" title="LY-2196044">LY-2196044</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylnaltrexone" title="Methylnaltrexone">Methylnaltrexone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methylnaltrindole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Methylnaltrindole (page does not exist)">Methylnaltrindole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N-Benzylnaltrindole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N-Benzylnaltrindole (page does not exist)">N-Benzylnaltrindole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalmefene" title="Nalmefene">Nalmefene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalorphine" title="Nalorphine">Nalorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naltrexone" title="Naltrexone">Naltrexone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naltriben" title="Naltriben">Naltriben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naltrindole" title="Naltrindole">Naltrindole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naloxone" title="Naloxone">Naloxone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naringenin" title="Naringenin">Naringenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noribogaine" title="Noribogaine">Noribogaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawhuskin_A" title="Pawhuskin A">Pawhuskin A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadazocine" title="Quadazocine">Quadazocine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SDM25N&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SDM25N (page does not exist)">SDM25N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SoRI-9409" title="SoRI-9409">SoRI-9409</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxifolin" title="Taxifolin">Taxifolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thienorphine" title="Thienorphine">Thienorphine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9A-opioid_receptor" title="Κ-opioid receptor">κ-opioid</a> (KOR)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3CS-nalmefene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3CS-nalmefene (page does not exist)">3CS-nalmefene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6%27-Guanidinonaltrindole" title="6'-Guanidinonaltrindole">6'-GNTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8-Carboxamidocyclazocine" title="8-Carboxamidocyclazocine">8-CAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18-Methoxycoronaridine" title="18-Methoxycoronaridine">18-MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14-Methoxymetopon" title="14-Methoxymetopon">14-Methoxymetopon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlornaltrexamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlornaltrexamine">β-Chlornaltrexamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta-Funaltrexamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-Funaltrexamine">β-Funaltrexamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrenorphin" title="Adrenorphin">Adrenorphin (metorphamide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akuammicine" title="Akuammicine">Akuammicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alazocine" title="Alazocine">Alazocine (SKF-10047)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allomatrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Allomatrine">Allomatrine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apadoline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apadoline (page does not exist)">Apadoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asimadoline" title="Asimadoline">Asimadoline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bovine_adrenal_medullary_peptide-12P&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bovine adrenal medullary peptide-12P (page does not exist)">BAM-12P</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bovine_adrenal_medullary_peptide-18P&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bovine adrenal medullary peptide-18P (page does not exist)">BAM-18P</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bovine_adrenal_medullary_peptide-22P&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bovine adrenal medullary peptide-22P (page does not exist)">BAM-22P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_dynorphin" title="Big dynorphin">Big dynorphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremazocine" title="Bremazocine">Bremazocine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRL-52537" title="BRL-52537">BRL-52537</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butorphan" class="mw-redirect" title="Butorphan">Butorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butorphanol" title="Butorphanol">Butorphanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BW373U86" title="BW373U86">BW373U86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebranopadol" title="Cebranopadol">Cebranopadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciprefadol" title="Ciprefadol">Ciprefadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CR665" title="CR665">CR665</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclazocine" title="Cyclazocine">Cyclazocine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclorphan" title="Cyclorphan">Cyclorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprenorphine" title="Cyprenorphine">Cyprenorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmetramadol" title="Desmetramadol">Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroin" title="Heroin">Diamorphine (heroin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diacetylnalorphine" title="Diacetylnalorphine">Diacetylnalorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difelikefalin" title="Difelikefalin">Difelikefalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydroetorphine" title="Dihydroetorphine">Dihydroetorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydromorphine" title="Dihydromorphine">Dihydromorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinalbuphine_sebacate" title="Dinalbuphine sebacate">Dinalbuphine sebacate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diprenorphine" title="Diprenorphine">Diprenorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynorphin_A" title="Dynorphin A">Dynorphin A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynorphin_B" title="Dynorphin B">Dynorphin B (rimorphin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eluxadoline" title="Eluxadoline">Eluxadoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enadoline" title="Enadoline">Enadoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eptazocine" title="Eptazocine">Eptazocine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erinacine_E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erinacine E (page does not exist)">Erinacine E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylketazocine" title="Ethylketazocine">Ethylketazocine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etorphine" title="Etorphine">Etorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedotozine" title="Fedotozine">Fedotozine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fentanyl" title="Fentanyl">Fentanyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemazocine" title="Gemazocine">Gemazocine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GR-89696" title="GR-89696">GR-89696</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GR-103545&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GR-103545 (page does not exist)">GR-103545</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemorphin-4" title="Hemorphin-4">Hemorphin-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herkinorin" title="Herkinorin">Herkinorin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HS665" title="HS665">HS665</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydromorphone" title="Hydromorphone">Hydromorphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HZ-2" title="HZ-2">HZ-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibogaine" title="Ibogaine">Ibogaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICI-199,441" title="ICI-199,441">ICI-199,441</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICI-204,448" title="ICI-204,448">ICI-204,448</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketamine" title="Ketamine">Ketamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketazocine" title="Ketazocine">Ketazocine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laudanosine" title="Laudanosine">Laudanosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leumorphin" title="Leumorphin">Leumorphin (dynorphin B-29)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levallorphan" title="Levallorphan">Levallorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levomethorphan" title="Levomethorphan">Levomethorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levorphanol" title="Levorphanol">Levorphanol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lexanopadol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lexanopadol (page does not exist)">Lexanopadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lofentanil" title="Lofentanil">Lofentanil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LPK-26" title="LPK-26">LPK-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lufuradom" title="Lufuradom">Lufuradom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrine" title="Matrine">Matrine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MB-1C-OH&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MB-1C-OH (page does not exist)">MB-1C-OH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menthol" title="Menthol">Menthol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metazocine" title="Metazocine">Metazocine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metkefamide" title="Metkefamide">Metkefamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianserin" title="Mianserin">Mianserin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirtazapine" title="Mirtazapine">Mirtazapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morphine" title="Morphine">Morphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moxazocine" title="Moxazocine">Moxazocine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MR-2034&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MR-2034 (page does not exist)">MR-2034</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N-MPPP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N-MPPP (page does not exist)">N-MPPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalbuphine" title="Nalbuphine">Nalbuphine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naloxone_benzoylhydrazone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naloxone benzoylhydrazone (page does not exist)">NalBzOH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalfurafine" title="Nalfurafine">Nalfurafine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalmefene" title="Nalmefene">Nalmefene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalodeine" title="Nalodeine">Nalodeine (N-allylnorcodeine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalorphine" title="Nalorphine">Nalorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naltriben" title="Naltriben">Naltriben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niravoline" title="Niravoline">Niravoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbuprenorphine" title="Norbuprenorphine">Norbuprenorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbuprenorphine-3-glucuronide" title="Norbuprenorphine-3-glucuronide">Norbuprenorphine-3-glucuronide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noribogaine" title="Noribogaine">Noribogaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norketamine" title="Norketamine">Norketamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oripavine" title="Oripavine">Oripavine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxilorphan" title="Oxilorphan">Oxilorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxycodone" title="Oxycodone">Oxycodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentazocine" title="Pentazocine">Pentazocine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pethidine" title="Pethidine">Pethidine (meperidine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenazocine" title="Phenazocine">Phenazocine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxorphan" title="Proxorphan">Proxorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methorphan" title="Methorphan">Racemethorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racemorphan" title="Racemorphan">Racemorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RB-64" title="RB-64">RB-64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvinorin_A" title="Salvinorin A">Salvinorin A</a> (<a href="/wiki/Salvia_divinorum" title="Salvia divinorum">salvia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvinorin_B_ethoxymethyl_ether" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvinorin B ethoxymethyl ether">Salvinorin B ethoxymethyl ether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvinorin_B_methoxymethyl_ether" title="Salvinorin B methoxymethyl ether">Salvinorin B methoxymethyl ether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samidorphan" title="Samidorphan">Samidorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiradoline" title="Spiradoline">Spiradoline (U-62,066)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TH-030418" title="TH-030418">TH-030418</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thienorphine" title="Thienorphine">Thienorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifluadom" title="Tifluadom">Tifluadom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricyclic_antidepressant" title="Tricyclic antidepressant">Tricyclic antidepressants</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Amitriptyline" title="Amitriptyline">amitriptyline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Desipramine" title="Desipramine">desipramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imipramine" title="Imipramine">imipramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nortriptyline" title="Nortriptyline">nortriptyline</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-50488" title="U-50488">U-50488</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=U-54,494A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U-54,494A (page does not exist)">U-54,494A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-69,593" title="U-69,593">U-69,593</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xorphanol" title="Xorphanol">Xorphanol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4%E2%80%B2-Hydroxyflavanone" class="mw-redirect" title="4′-Hydroxyflavanone">4′-Hydroxyflavanone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4%27,7-Dihydroxyflavone" title="4',7-Dihydroxyflavone">4',7-Dihydroxyflavone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5%27-Guanidinonaltrindole" title="5'-Guanidinonaltrindole">5'-GNTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6%27-Guanidinonaltrindole" title="6'-Guanidinonaltrindole">6'-GNTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6%CE%B2-Naltrexol" title="6β-Naltrexol">6β-Naltrexol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6%CE%B2-Naltrexol-d4" title="6β-Naltrexol-d4">6β-Naltrexol-d4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlornaltrexamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlornaltrexamine">β-Chlornaltrexamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buprenorphine/samidorphan" title="Buprenorphine/samidorphan">Buprenorphine/samidorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amentoflavone" title="Amentoflavone">Amentoflavone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5%27-Acetamidinoethylnaltrindole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5'-Acetamidinoethylnaltrindole (page does not exist)">ANTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apigenin" title="Apigenin">Apigenin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arodyne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arodyne (page does not exist)">Arodyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AT-076" title="AT-076">AT-076</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aticaprant" title="Aticaprant">Aticaprant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axelopran" title="Axelopran">Axelopran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZ-MTAB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AZ-MTAB (page does not exist)">AZ-MTAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binaltorphimine" title="Binaltorphimine">Binaltorphimine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BU09059" title="BU09059">BU09059</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buprenorphine" title="Buprenorphine">Buprenorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catechin" title="Catechin">Catechin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epicatechin_gallate" title="Epicatechin gallate">Catechin gallate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CERC-501" class="mw-redirect" title="CERC-501">CERC-501 (LY-2456302)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clocinnamox" title="Clocinnamox">Clocinnamox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icalcaprant" title="Icalcaprant">CVL-354</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyclofoxy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyclofoxy (page does not exist)">Cyclofoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezocine" title="Dezocine">Dezocine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DIPPA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DIPPA (page does not exist)">DIPPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallocatechol" title="Gallocatechol">EGC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epicatechin_gallate" title="Epicatechin gallate">ECG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epicatechin" class="mw-redirect" title="Epicatechin">Epicatechin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperoside" title="Hyperoside">Hyperoside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JDTic" title="JDTic">JDTic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LY-255582" title="LY-255582">LY-255582</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LY-2196044" class="mw-redirect" title="LY-2196044">LY-2196044</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LY-2444296&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LY-2444296 (page does not exist)">LY-2444296</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LY-2459989" title="LY-2459989">LY-2459989</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LY-2795050&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LY-2795050 (page does not exist)">LY-2795050</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MeJDTic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MeJDTic (page does not exist)">MeJDTic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylnaltrexone" title="Methylnaltrexone">Methylnaltrexone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ML190&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ML190 (page does not exist)">ML190</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ML350&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ML350 (page does not exist)">ML350</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MR-2266&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MR-2266 (page does not exist)">MR-2266</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N-Fluoropropyl-JDTic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N-Fluoropropyl-JDTic (page does not exist)">N-Fluoropropyl-JDTic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naloxone" title="Naloxone">Naloxone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naltrexone" title="Naltrexone">Naltrexone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naltrindole" title="Naltrindole">Naltrindole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naringenin" title="Naringenin">Naringenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navacaprant" title="Navacaprant">Navacaprant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbinaltorphimine" title="Norbinaltorphimine">Norbinaltorphimine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noribogaine" title="Noribogaine">Noribogaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawhuskin_A" title="Pawhuskin A">Pawhuskin A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PF-4455242" class="mw-redirect" title="PF-4455242">PF-4455242</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RB-64" title="RB-64">RB-64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadazocine" title="Quadazocine">Quadazocine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxifolin" title="Taxifolin">Taxifolin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UPHIT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UPHIT (page does not exist)">UPHIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zyklophin" title="Zyklophin">Zyklophin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nociceptin_receptor" title="Nociceptin receptor">Nociceptin</a> (NOP)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=(Arg14,Lys15)Nociceptin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="(Arg14,Lys15)Nociceptin (page does not exist)">(Arg14,Lys15)Nociceptin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=((pF)Phe4)Nociceptin(1-13)NH2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="((pF)Phe4)Nociceptin(1-13)NH2 (page does not exist)">((pF)Phe4)Nociceptin(1-13)NH2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=(Phe1%CE%A8(CH2-NH)Gly2)Nociceptin(1-13)NH2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="(Phe1Ψ(CH2-NH)Gly2)Nociceptin(1-13)NH2 (page does not exist)">(Phe1Ψ(CH2-NH)Gly2)Nociceptin(1-13)NH2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ac-RYYRWK-NH2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ac-RYYRWK-NH2 (page does not exist)">Ac-RYYRWK-NH2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ac-RYYRIK-NH2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ac-RYYRIK-NH2 (page does not exist)">Ac-RYYRIK-NH2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BU08070&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BU08070 (page does not exist)">BU08070</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buprenorphine" title="Buprenorphine">Buprenorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebranopadol" title="Cebranopadol">Cebranopadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydroetorphine" title="Dihydroetorphine">Dihydroetorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etorphine" title="Etorphine">Etorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JNJ-19385899&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JNJ-19385899 (page does not exist)">JNJ-19385899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levomethorphan" title="Levomethorphan">Levomethorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levorphanol" title="Levorphanol">Levorphanol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lexanopadol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lexanopadol (page does not exist)">Lexanopadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MCOPPB" title="MCOPPB">MCOPPB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MT-7716" title="MT-7716">MT-7716</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NNC_63-0532" title="NNC 63-0532">NNC 63-0532</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nociceptin" title="Nociceptin">Nociceptin (orphanin FQ)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nociceptin_(1-11)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nociceptin (1-11) (page does not exist)">Nociceptin (1-11)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nociceptin_(1-13)NH2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nociceptin (1-13)NH2 (page does not exist)">Nociceptin (1-13)NH2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbuprenorphine" title="Norbuprenorphine">Norbuprenorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methorphan" title="Methorphan">Racemethorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racemorphan" title="Racemorphan">Racemorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ro64-6198" title="Ro64-6198">Ro64-6198</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ro65-6570" title="Ro65-6570">Ro65-6570</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCH-221510" title="SCH-221510">SCH-221510</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SCH-486757&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SCH-486757 (page does not exist)">SCH-486757</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SR-8993&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SR-8993 (page does not exist)">SR-8993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SR-16435" title="SR-16435">SR-16435</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunobinop" title="Sunobinop">Sunobinop (S-117957)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TH-030418" title="TH-030418">TH-030418</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=(Nphe1)Nociceptin(1-13)NH2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="(Nphe1)Nociceptin(1-13)NH2 (page does not exist)">(Nphe1)Nociceptin(1-13)NH2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AT-076" title="AT-076">AT-076</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BAN-ORL-24&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BAN-ORL-24 (page does not exist)">BAN-ORL-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BTRX-246040" title="BTRX-246040">BTRX-246040 (LY-2940094)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J-113,397" title="J-113,397">J-113,397</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JTC-801" title="JTC-801">JTC-801</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naloxone_benzoylhydrazone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naloxone benzoylhydrazone (page does not exist)">NalBzOH</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nociceptin_(1-7)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nociceptin (1-7) (page does not exist)">Nociceptin (1-7)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nocistatin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nocistatin (page does not exist)">Nocistatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SB-612,111" title="SB-612,111">SB-612,111</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SR-16430&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SR-16430 (page does not exist)">SR-16430</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thienorphine" title="Thienorphine">Thienorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trap-101&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trap-101 (page does not exist)">Trap-101</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UFP-101&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UFP-101 (page does not exist)">UFP-101</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enkephalinase_inhibitor" title="Enkephalinase inhibitor">Enkephalinase inhibitors</a>: <a href="/wiki/Amastatin" title="Amastatin">Amastatin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BL-2401&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BL-2401 (page does not exist)">BL-2401</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candoxatril" title="Candoxatril">Candoxatril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylalanine#D-,_L-_and_DL-phenylalanine" title="Phenylalanine">D -Phenylalanine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dexecadotril&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dexecadotril (page does not exist)">Dexecadotril (retorphan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecadotril" title="Ecadotril">Ecadotril (sinorphan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelatorphan" title="Kelatorphan">Kelatorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racecadotril" title="Racecadotril">Racecadotril (acetorphan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RB-101" title="RB-101">RB-101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RB-120" title="RB-120">RB-120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RB-3007" title="RB-3007">RB-3007</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opiorphan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opiorphan (page does not exist)">Opiorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selank" title="Selank">Selank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semax" title="Semax">Semax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinorphin" title="Spinorphin">Spinorphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiorphan" title="Thiorphan">Thiorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tynorphin" title="Tynorphin">Tynorphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubenimex" title="Ubenimex">Ubenimex (bestatin)</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Propeptides: <a href="/wiki/Lipotropin" title="Lipotropin">β-Lipotropin (proendorphin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prodynorphin" title="Prodynorphin">Prodynorphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proenkephalin" title="Proenkephalin">Proenkephalin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pronociceptin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pronociceptin (page does not exist)">Pronociceptin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proopiomelanocortin" title="Proopiomelanocortin">Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Others: <a href="/wiki/Kyotorphin" title="Kyotorphin">Kyotorphin</a> (met-enkephalin releaser/degradation stabilizer)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Xenobiotic-sensing_receptor_modulators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Xenobiotic-sensing_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Xenobiotic-sensing receptor modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Xenobiotic-sensing_receptor_modulators" title="Template talk:Xenobiotic-sensing receptor modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Xenobiotic-sensing_receptor_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Xenobiotic-sensing receptor modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Xenobiotic-sensing_receptor_modulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Xenobiotic-sensing_receptor" title="Xenobiotic-sensing receptor">Xenobiotic-sensing receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Constitutive_androstane_receptor" title="Constitutive androstane receptor"><abbr title="Constitutive androstane receptor">CAR</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Constitutive androstane receptor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Agonists: <a href="/w/index.php?title=6,7-Dimethylesculetin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6,7-Dimethylesculetin (page does not exist)">6,7-Dimethylesculetin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiodarone" title="Amiodarone">Amiodarone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemisinin" title="Artemisinin">Artemisinin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benfuracarb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benfuracarb (page does not exist)">Benfuracarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbamazepine" title="Carbamazepine">Carbamazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carvedilol" title="Carvedilol">Carvedilol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorpromazine" title="Chlorpromazine">Chlorpromazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysin" title="Chrysin">Chrysin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CITCO_(drug)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CITCO (drug) (page does not exist)">CITCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotrimazole" title="Clotrimazole">Clotrimazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclophosphamide" title="Cyclophosphamide">Cyclophosphamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypermethrin" title="Cypermethrin">Cypermethrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prasterone" title="Prasterone">prasterone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efavirenz" title="Efavirenz">Efavirenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellagic_acid" title="Ellagic acid">Ellagic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griseofulvin" title="Griseofulvin">Griseofulvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoxychlor" title="Methoxychlor">Methoxychlor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mifepristone" title="Mifepristone">Mifepristone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefazodone" title="Nefazodone">Nefazodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevirapine" title="Nevirapine">Nevirapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicardipine" title="Nicardipine">Nicardipine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octicizer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Octicizer (page does not exist)">Octicizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permethrin" title="Permethrin">Permethrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenobarbital" title="Phenobarbital">Phenobarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenytoin" title="Phenytoin">Phenytoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5%CE%B2-Dihydroprogesterone" title="5β-Dihydroprogesterone">Pregnanedione (5β-dihydroprogesterone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserpine" title="Reserpine">Reserpine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TCPOBOP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TCPOBOP (page does not exist)">TCPOBOP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telmisartan" title="Telmisartan">Telmisartan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolnaftate" title="Tolnaftate">Tolnaftate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troglitazone" title="Troglitazone">Troglitazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valproic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Valproic acid">Valproic acid</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Antagonists: <a href="/w/index.php?title=3,17%CE%B2-Estradiol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3,17β-Estradiol (page does not exist)">3,17β-Estradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5%CE%B1-Androstan-3%CE%B1-ol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5α-Androstan-3α-ol (page does not exist)">3α-Androstanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5%CE%B1-Androst-16-en-3%CE%B1-ol" class="mw-redirect" title="5α-Androst-16-en-3α-ol">3α-Androstenol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5%CE%B1-Androstan-3%CE%B2-ol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5α-Androstan-3β-ol (page does not exist)">3β-Androstanol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5%CE%B1-Androstan-17-ol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5α-Androstan-17-ol (page does not exist)">17-Androstanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allyl_isothiocyanate" title="Allyl isothiocyanate">AITC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethinylestradiol" title="Ethinylestradiol">Ethinylestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclizine" title="Meclizine">Meclizine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nigramide_J&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nigramide J (page does not exist)">Nigramide J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okadaic_acid" title="Okadaic acid">Okadaic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PK-11195" class="mw-redirect" title="PK-11195">PK-11195</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-07662&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-07662 (page does not exist)">S-07662</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T-0901317&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T-0901317 (page does not exist)">T-0901317</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Pregnane_X_receptor" title="Pregnane X receptor"><abbr title="Pregnane X receptor">PXR</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Pregnane X receptor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Agonists: <a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Hydroxypregnenolone" title="17α-Hydroxypregnenolone">17α-Hydroxypregnenolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Hydroxyprogesterone" title="17α-Hydroxyprogesterone">17α-Hydroxyprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%944-Androstenedione" class="mw-redirect" title="Δ4-Androstenedione">Δ4-Androstenedione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%945-Androstenediol" class="mw-redirect" title="Δ5-Androstenediol">Δ5-Androstenediol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%945-Androstenedione" class="mw-redirect" title="Δ5-Androstenedione">Δ5-Androstenedione</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AA-861&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AA-861 (page does not exist)">AA-861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allopregnanediol" title="Allopregnanediol">Allopregnanediol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5%CE%B1-Dihydroprogesterone" title="5α-Dihydroprogesterone">Allopregnanedione (5α-dihydroprogesterone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allopregnanolone" title="Allopregnanolone">Allopregnanolone (brexanolone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-Lipoic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Lipoic acid">Alpha-Lipoic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrisentan" title="Ambrisentan">Ambrisentan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMI-193" class="mw-redirect" title="AMI-193">AMI-193</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amlodipine_besylate" class="mw-redirect" title="Amlodipine besylate">Amlodipine besylate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimycotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimycotic">Antimycotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemisinin" title="Artemisinin">Artemisinin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurothioglucose" title="Aurothioglucose">Aurothioglucose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bile_acid" title="Bile acid">Bile acids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bithionol" title="Bithionol">Bithionol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosentan" title="Bosentan">Bosentan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bumecaine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bumecaine (page does not exist)">Bumecaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cafestol" title="Cafestol">Cafestol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephaloridine" title="Cephaloridine">Cephaloridine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephradine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cephradine">Cephradine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorpromazine" title="Chlorpromazine">Chlorpromazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciglitazone" title="Ciglitazone">Ciglitazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clindamycin" title="Clindamycin">Clindamycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clofenvinfos" class="mw-redirect" title="Clofenvinfos">Clofenvinfos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloroxine" title="Chloroxine">Chloroxine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotrimazole" title="Clotrimazole">Clotrimazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colforsin" class="mw-redirect" title="Colforsin">Colforsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corticosterone" title="Corticosterone">Corticosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclophosphamide" title="Cyclophosphamide">Cyclophosphamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyproterone_acetate" title="Cyproterone acetate">Cyproterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demecolcine" title="Demecolcine">Demecolcine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexamethasone" title="Dexamethasone">Dexamethasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prasterone" title="Prasterone">prasterone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone_sulfate" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate">DHEA-S</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prasterone_sulfate" title="Prasterone sulfate">prasterone sulfate</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dibunate_sodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dibunate sodium">Dibunate sodium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diclazuril" title="Diclazuril">Diclazuril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicloxacillin" title="Dicloxacillin">Dicloxacillin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimercaprol" title="Dimercaprol">Dimercaprol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinaline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinaline (page does not exist)">Dinaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docetaxel" title="Docetaxel">Docetaxel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docusate_calcium" class="mw-redirect" title="Docusate calcium">Docusate calcium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodecylbenzenesulfonic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid">Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dronabinol" title="Dronabinol">Dronabinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droxidopa" title="Droxidopa">Droxidopa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eburnamonine" class="mw-redirect" title="Eburnamonine">Eburnamonine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecopipam" title="Ecopipam">Ecopipam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzacamene" title="Enzacamene">Enzacamene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epothilone_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Epothilone B">Epothilone B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythromycin" title="Erythromycin">Erythromycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famprofazone" title="Famprofazone">Famprofazone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Febantel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Febantel (page does not exist)">Febantel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felodipine" title="Felodipine">Felodipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenbendazole" title="Fenbendazole">Fenbendazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fentanyl" title="Fentanyl">Fentanyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flucloxacillin" title="Flucloxacillin">Flucloxacillin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorometholone" title="Fluorometholone">Fluorometholone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griseofulvin" title="Griseofulvin">Griseofulvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guggulsterone" title="Guggulsterone">Guggulsterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haloprogin" title="Haloprogin">Haloprogin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetacillin_potassium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hetacillin potassium">Hetacillin potassium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperforin" title="Hyperforin">Hyperforin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypericum_perforatum" title="Hypericum perforatum">Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indinavir_sulfate" class="mw-redirect" title="Indinavir sulfate">Indinavir sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasalocid_sodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lasalocid sodium">Lasalocid sodium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levothyroxine" title="Levothyroxine">Levothyroxine</a></li> <li>Linolenic acid: <a href="/wiki/%CE%91-Linolenic_acid" title="Α-Linolenic acid">α-Linolenic acid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gamma-Linolenic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma-Linolenic acid">γ-linolenic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LOE-908&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LOE-908 (page does not exist)">LOE-908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loratadine" title="Loratadine">Loratadine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovastatin" title="Lovastatin">Lovastatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclizine" title="Meclizine">Meclizine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metacycline" title="Metacycline">Metacycline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylprednisolone" title="Methylprednisolone">Methylprednisolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metyrapone" title="Metyrapone">Metyrapone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mevastatin" title="Mevastatin">Mevastatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mifepristone" title="Mifepristone">Mifepristone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafcillin" title="Nafcillin">Nafcillin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicardipine" title="Nicardipine">Nicardipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotine" title="Nicotine">Nicotine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nifedipine" title="Nifedipine">Nifedipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilvadipine" title="Nilvadipine">Nilvadipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisoldipine" title="Nisoldipine">Nisoldipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norelgestromin" title="Norelgestromin">Norelgestromin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omeprazole" title="Omeprazole">Omeprazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlistat" title="Orlistat">Orlistat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxatomide" title="Oxatomide">Oxatomide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paclitaxel" title="Paclitaxel">Paclitaxel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenobarbital" title="Phenobarbital">Phenobarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piperine" title="Piperine">Piperine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plicamycin" title="Plicamycin">Plicamycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednisolone" title="Prednisolone">Prednisolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnanediol" title="Pregnanediol">Pregnanediol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5%CE%B2-Dihydroprogesterone" title="5β-Dihydroprogesterone">Pregnanedione (5β-dihydroprogesterone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnanolone" title="Pregnanolone">Pregnanolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone" title="Pregnenolone">Pregnenolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone_16%CE%B1-carbonitrile" title="Pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile">Pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proadifen" title="Proadifen">Proadifen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progesterone" title="Progesterone">Progesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quingestrone" title="Quingestrone">Quingestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserpine" title="Reserpine">Reserpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_triiodothyronine" title="Reverse triiodothyronine">Reverse triiodothyronine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifampicin" title="Rifampicin">Rifampicin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifaximin" title="Rifaximin">Rifaximin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimexolone" title="Rimexolone">Rimexolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riodipine" title="Riodipine">Riodipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritonavir" title="Ritonavir">Ritonavir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simvastatin" title="Simvastatin">Simvastatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirolimus" title="Sirolimus">Sirolimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">Spironolactone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiroxatrine" title="Spiroxatrine">Spiroxatrine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SR-12813&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SR-12813 (page does not exist)">SR-12813</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suberoylanilide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suberoylanilide (page does not exist)">Suberoylanilide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfisoxazole" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfisoxazole">Sulfisoxazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suramin" title="Suramin">Suramin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacrolimus" title="Tacrolimus">Tacrolimus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenylidone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tenylidone (page does not exist)">Tenylidone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terconazole" title="Terconazole">Terconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testosterone_isocaproate" title="Testosterone isocaproate">Testosterone isocaproate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetracycline" title="Tetracycline">Tetracycline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiamylal_sodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiamylal sodium">Thiamylal sodium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiothixene" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiothixene">Thiothixene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thonzonium_bromide" title="Thonzonium bromide">Thonzonium bromide</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tianeptine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troglitazone" title="Troglitazone">Troglitazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troleandomycin" title="Troleandomycin">Troleandomycin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropanyl_3,5-dimethulbenzoate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tropanyl 3,5-dimethulbenzoate (page does not exist)">Tropanyl 3,5-dimethulbenzoate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zafirlukast" title="Zafirlukast">Zafirlukast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeranol" title="Zeranol">Zeranol</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Antagonists: <a href="/wiki/Ketoconazole" title="Ketoconazole">Ketoconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesamin" title="Sesamin">Sesamin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tricyclics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tricyclics" title="Template:Tricyclics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tricyclics" title="Template talk:Tricyclics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tricyclics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tricyclics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tricyclics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tricyclic" title="Tricyclic">Tricyclics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_class" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical class">Classes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acridine" title="Acridine">Acridine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthracene" title="Anthracene">Anthracene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dibenzazepine" title="Dibenzazepine">Dibenzazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dibenzocycloheptene" title="Dibenzocycloheptene">Dibenzocycloheptene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dibenzodiazepine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dibenzodiazepine (page does not exist)">Dibenzodiazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dibenzothiazepine" title="Dibenzothiazepine">Dibenzothiazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dibenzothiepin" title="Dibenzothiepin">Dibenzothiepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dibenzoxazepine" class="mw-redirect" title="Dibenzoxazepine">Dibenzoxazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dibenzoxepin" title="Dibenzoxepin">Dibenzoxepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenothiazine" title="Phenothiazine">Phenothiazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyridazinobenzoxazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyridazinobenzoxazine">Pyridazinobenzoxazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyridinobenzodiazepine" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyridinobenzodiazepine">Pyridinobenzodiazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thioxanthene" title="Thioxanthene">Thioxanthene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antidepressant" title="Antidepressant">Antidepressants</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tricyclic_antidepressant" title="Tricyclic antidepressant">Tricyclic antidepressants</a> (TCAs))</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amoxapine" title="Amoxapine">Amoxapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amezepine" title="Amezepine">Amezepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amineptine" title="Amineptine">Amineptine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amitriptyline" title="Amitriptyline">Amitriptyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amitriptylinoxide" title="Amitriptylinoxide">Amitriptylinoxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoxapine" title="Amoxapine">Amoxapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aptazapine" title="Aptazapine">Aptazapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azepindole" title="Azepindole">Azepindole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batelapine" title="Batelapine">Batelapine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beloxepin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beloxepin (page does not exist)">Beloxepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butriptyline" title="Butriptyline">Butriptyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cianopramine" title="Cianopramine">Cianopramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciclazindol" title="Ciclazindol">Ciclazindol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cidoxepin" title="Cidoxepin">Cidoxepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clomipramine" title="Clomipramine">Clomipramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotriptyline" title="Cotriptyline">Cotriptyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanodothiepin" title="Cyanodothiepin">Cyanodothiepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demexiptiline" title="Demexiptiline">Demexiptiline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depramine" title="Depramine">Depramine (balipramine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desipramine" title="Desipramine">Desipramine (desmethylimipramine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmethylclomipramine" class="mw-redirect" title="Desmethylclomipramine">Desmethylclomipramine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desmethyltrimipramine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desmethyltrimipramine (page does not exist)">Desmethyltrimipramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dibenzepin" title="Dibenzepin">Dibenzepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimetacrine" title="Dimetacrine">Dimetacrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dosulepin" title="Dosulepin">Dosulepin (dothiepin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxepin" title="Doxepin">Doxepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enprazepine" title="Enprazepine">Enprazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fantridone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fantridone (page does not exist)">Fantridone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluotracen" title="Fluotracen">Fluotracen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepzidine" title="Hepzidine">Hepzidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homopipramol" title="Homopipramol">Homopipramol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imipramine" title="Imipramine">Imipramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imipraminoxide" title="Imipraminoxide">Imipraminoxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intriptyline" title="Intriptyline">Intriptyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iprindole" title="Iprindole">Iprindole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketipramine" title="Ketipramine">Ketipramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litracen" title="Litracen">Litracen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lofepramine" title="Lofepramine">Lofepramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Losindole" title="Losindole">Losindole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loxapine" title="Loxapine">Loxapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maprotiline" title="Maprotiline">Maprotiline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariptiline" title="Mariptiline">Mariptiline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazindol" title="Mazindol">Mazindol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melitracen" title="Melitracen">Melitracen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapramine" title="Metapramine">Metapramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezepine" title="Mezepine">Mezepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirtazapine" title="Mirtazapine">Mirtazapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monometacrine" title="Monometacrine">Monometacrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitroxazepine" title="Nitroxazepine">Nitroxazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norbutriptyline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norbutriptyline (page does not exist)">Norbutriptyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordoxepin" title="Nordoxepin">Nordoxepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northiaden" title="Northiaden">Northiaden (nordosulepin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nortriptyline" title="Nortriptyline">Nortriptyline (noramitriptyline)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noxiptiline" title="Noxiptiline">Noxiptiline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octriptyline" title="Octriptyline">Octriptyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opipramol" title="Opipramol">Opipramol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipofezine" title="Pipofezine">Pipofezine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirandamine" title="Pirandamine">Pirandamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propizepine" title="Propizepine">Propizepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protriptyline" title="Protriptyline">Protriptyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinupramine" title="Quinupramine">Quinupramine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spiroxepin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spiroxepin (page does not exist)">Spiroxepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandamine" title="Tandamine">Tandamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampramine" title="Tampramine">Tampramine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tianeptine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tienopramine" title="Tienopramine">Tienopramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimipramine" title="Trimipramine">Trimipramine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Histamine_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Histamine antagonist">Antihistamines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azatadine" title="Azatadine">Azatadine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisulepin" title="Bisulepin">Bisulepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cidoxepin" title="Cidoxepin">Cidoxepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clobenzepam" title="Clobenzepam">Clobenzepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyproheptadine" title="Cyproheptadine">Cyproheptadine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacemazine" title="Dacemazine">Dacemazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deptropine" title="Deptropine">Deptropine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desloratadine" title="Desloratadine">Desloratadine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epinastine" title="Epinastine">Epinastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etymemazine" title="Etymemazine">Etymemazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenethazine" title="Fenethazine">Fenethazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxyethylpromethazine" title="Hydroxyethylpromethazine">Hydroxyethylpromethazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isopromethazine" title="Isopromethazine">Isopromethazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isothipendyl" title="Isothipendyl">Isothipendyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketotifen" title="Ketotifen">Ketotifen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latrepirdine" title="Latrepirdine">Latrepirdine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loratadine" title="Loratadine">Loratadine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mebhydrolin" title="Mebhydrolin">Mebhydrolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mequitazine" title="Mequitazine">Mequitazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methdilazine" title="Methdilazine">Methdilazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olopatadine" title="Olopatadine">Olopatadine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxomemazine" title="Oxomemazine">Oxomemazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perlapine" title="Perlapine">Perlapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenindamine" title="Phenindamine">Phenindamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimethixene" title="Pimethixene">Pimethixene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirolate" title="Pirolate">Pirolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promethazine" title="Promethazine">Promethazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propiomazine" title="Propiomazine">Propiomazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupatadine" title="Rupatadine">Rupatadine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiazinamium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiazinamium">Thiazinamium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antipsychotic" title="Antipsychotic">Antipsychotics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetophenazine" title="Acetophenazine">Acetophenazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alimemazine" title="Alimemazine">Alimemazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoxapine" title="Amoxapine">Amoxapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asenapine" title="Asenapine">Asenapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butaclamol" title="Butaclamol">Butaclamol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butaperazine" title="Butaperazine">Butaperazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carfenazine" title="Carfenazine">Carfenazine (carphenazine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpipramine" title="Carpipramine">Carpipramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorpromazine" title="Chlorpromazine">Chlorpromazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorprothixene" title="Chlorprothixene">Chlorprothixene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciclindole" title="Ciclindole">Ciclindole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Citatepine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Citatepine (page does not exist)">Citatepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clocapramine" title="Clocapramine">Clocapramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clomacran" title="Clomacran">Clomacran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clorotepine" title="Clorotepine">Clorotepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotiapine" title="Clotiapine">Clotiapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clozapine" title="Clozapine">Clozapine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyanothepin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyanothepin (page does not exist)">Cyanothepin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doclothepin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doclothepin (page does not exist)">Doclothepin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Docloxythepin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Docloxythepin (page does not exist)">Docloxythepin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erizepine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erizepine (page does not exist)">Erizepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flucindole" title="Flucindole">Flucindole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flumezapine" title="Flumezapine">Flumezapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluotracen" title="Fluotracen">Fluotracen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flupentixol" title="Flupentixol">Flupentixol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluphenazine" title="Fluphenazine">Fluphenazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gevotroline" title="Gevotroline">Gevotroline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homopipramol" title="Homopipramol">Homopipramol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isofloxythepin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isofloxythepin (page does not exist)">Isofloxythepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levomepromazine" title="Levomepromazine">Levomepromazine/Methotrimeprazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loxapine" title="Loxapine">Loxapine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maroxepin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maroxepin (page does not exist)">Maroxepin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meperathiepin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meperathiepin (page does not exist)">Meperathiepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoridazine" title="Mesoridazine">Mesoridazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metiapine" title="Metiapine">Metiapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metitepine" title="Metitepine">Metitepine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metoxepin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metoxepin (page does not exist)">Metoxepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosapramine" title="Mosapramine">Mosapramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naranol" title="Naranol">Naranol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octomethothepin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Octomethothepin (page does not exist)">Octomethothepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olanzapine" title="Olanzapine">Olanzapine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxyclothepin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxyclothepin (page does not exist)">Oxyclothepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxyprothepin" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxyprothepin">Oxyprothepin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentiapine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pentiapine (page does not exist)">Pentiapine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peradithiepin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peradithiepin (page does not exist)">Peradithiepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perathiepin" title="Perathiepin">Perathiepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perazine" title="Perazine">Perazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perphenazine" title="Perphenazine">Perphenazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periciazine" title="Periciazine">Periciazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoxepin" title="Pinoxepin">Pinoxepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piperacetazine" title="Piperacetazine">Piperacetazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipotiazine" title="Pipotiazine">Pipotiazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piquindone" title="Piquindone">Piquindone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prochlorperazine" title="Prochlorperazine">Prochlorperazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promazine" title="Promazine">Promazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prothipendyl" title="Prothipendyl">Prothipendyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quetiapine" title="Quetiapine">Quetiapine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoxepin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Savoxepin (page does not exist)">Savoxepin/Cipazoxapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulforidazine" title="Sulforidazine">Sulforidazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenilapine" title="Tenilapine">Tenilapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiethylperazine" title="Thiethylperazine">Thiethylperazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiopropazate" title="Thiopropazate">Thiopropazate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thioridazine" title="Thioridazine">Thioridazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiothixene" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiothixene">Thiothixene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilozepine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tilozepine (page does not exist)">Tilozepine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Traboxopine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Traboxopine (page does not exist)">Traboxopine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trifluoperazine" title="Trifluoperazine">Trifluoperazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triflupromazine" title="Triflupromazine">Triflupromazine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trifluthepin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trifluthepin (page does not exist)">Trifluthepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zotepine" title="Zotepine">Zotepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuclopenthixol" title="Zuclopenthixol">Zuclopenthixol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anticonvulsant" title="Anticonvulsant">Anticonvulsants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbamazepine" title="Carbamazepine">Carbamazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dizocilpine" title="Dizocilpine">Dizocilpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eslicarbazepine" class="mw-redirect" title="Eslicarbazepine">Eslicarbazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eslicarbazepine_acetate" title="Eslicarbazepine acetate">Eslicarbazepine acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etazepine" title="Etazepine">Etazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licarbazepine" title="Licarbazepine">Licarbazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxcarbazepine" title="Oxcarbazepine">Oxcarbazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxitriptyline" title="Oxitriptyline">Oxitriptyline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anticholinergic" title="Anticholinergic">Anticholinergics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darenzepine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darenzepine (page does not exist)">Darenzepine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dipitramine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dipitramine (page does not exist)">Dipitramine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuvenzepine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuvenzepine (page does not exist)">Nuvenzepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirenzepine" title="Pirenzepine">Pirenzepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profenamine" title="Profenamine">Profenamine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rispenzepine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rispenzepine (page does not exist)">Rispenzepine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siltenzepine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siltenzepine (page does not exist)">Siltenzepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telenzepine" title="Telenzepine">Telenzepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripitramine" title="Tripitramine">Tripitramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropatepine" title="Tropatepine">Tropatepine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zolenzepine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zolenzepine (page does not exist)">Zolenzepine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adosopine" title="Adosopine">Adosopine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aminopromazine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aminopromazine (page does not exist)">Aminopromazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atiprosin" title="Atiprosin">Atiprosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzoctamine" title="Benzoctamine">Benzoctamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botiacrine" title="Botiacrine">Botiacrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carvedilol" title="Carvedilol">Carvedilol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclobenzaprine" title="Cyclobenzaprine">Cyclobenzaprine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damotepine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Damotepine (page does not exist)">Damotepine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elanzepine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elanzepine (page does not exist)">Elanzepine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluradoline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluradoline (page does not exist)">Fluradoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylene_blue" title="Methylene blue">Methylene blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monatepil" title="Monatepil">Monatepil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxetorone" title="Oxetorone">Oxetorone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipazethate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipazethate">Pipazethate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P7C3" title="P7C3">P7C3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinadoline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pinadoline (page does not exist)">Pinadoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitrazepin" title="Pitrazepin">Pitrazepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizotifen" title="Pizotifen">Pizotifen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serazapine" title="Serazapine">Serazapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipindole" title="Tipindole">Tipindole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tianeptine&oldid=1256147814">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tianeptine&oldid=1256147814</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Amines" title="Category:Amines">Amines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anxiolytics" title="Category:Anxiolytics">Anxiolytics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chloroarenes" title="Category:Chloroarenes">Chloroarenes</a></li><li><a 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