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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" class="h-100"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <script>var _mtm = window._mtm = window._mtm || [];_mtm.push({"mtm.startTime": (new Date().getTime()), "event": "mtm.Start"});var d = document, g = d.createElement("script"), s = d.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];g.type = "text/javascript";g.async = true;g.src="https://matomo.epo.org/js/container_SPKJjzc5.js";s.parentNode.insertBefore(g, s);</script> <meta name="description" content="Research project grants 2020 The following four research projects were awarded funding in 2020. The impact of research grants on publications and patents across disciplines Using a unique dataset of grant applications to the Research Council of Norway across all academic fields, the project will track patented innovation linked to the research grants, and derive implications on how the design of research funding can be improved to increase its impact on innovation." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.epo.org/en/learning/learning-resources-profile/universities-research-centres-and-technology-transfer-centres/academic-research-programme/completed-research-projects" /> <meta name="content_type_machine" content="page" class="elastic" /> <meta name="content_type" content="Basic page" class="elastic" /> <meta name="keywords_content" content="Academic Research Programme" class="elastic" /> <meta name="language" content="en" class="elastic" /> <meta name="body" content="<h2 id="research-project-grants-2020">Research project grants 2020</h2> <p>The following four research projects were awarded funding in 2020.</p> <dl class="ckeditor-accordion"> <dt>The impact of research grants on publications and patents across disciplines</dt> <dd> <p>Using a unique dataset of grant applications to the Research Council of Norway across all academic fields, the project will track patented innovation linked to the research grants, and derive implications on how the design of research funding can be improved to increase its impact on innovation.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Lead applicant</th> <th>University</th> <th>Thematic area</th> <th>Download the research report</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Marco Ottaviani</td> <td>Bocconi University, IT</td> <td>Role of IP in investment activities; Patents and the IP bundle; Advanced use of PATSTAT, patent searching, and analytics</td> <td><a class="icon-link_document" href="https://link.epo.org/elearning/ARP2020_Ottaviani_en.pdf">The impact of research grants on publications and patents across disciplines</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </dd> <dt>Enabling distributed manufacturing through the patent system</dt> <dd> <p>Project stopped</p> </dd> <dt>Government-sponsored research and technical standards: Evidence from standard-essential patents</dt> <dd> <p>Using a novel dataset linking declared-SEPs to different sources of government contribution, this project will assess the importance of government-sponsored research for SEPs and its impact on the development of technical standards.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Lead applicant</th> <th>University</th> <th>Thematic area</th> <th>Download the research report</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Emilio Raiteri</td> <td>Eindhoven University, NL</td> <td>Role of IP in technology transfer, commercialisation, and/or investment activities</td> <td><a class="icon-link_document" href="https://link.epo.org/elearning/ARP2020_Raiteri_en.pdf">Government-sponsored research and technical standards: Evidence from standard-essential patents</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </dd> <dt>Linking patents to scientific publications through in-text reference mining</dt> <dd> <p>The project will create a public database linking patents to scientific publications, using a high-performing text mining method to extract patent in-text references. As a result, it will make it possible for researchers to analyse the impact of scientific research on industry innovation.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Lead applicant</th> <th>University</th> <th>Thematic area</th> <th>Download the research report</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Jian Wang</td> <td>Leiden University, NL</td> <td>Advanced use of PATSTAT, patent searching, and analytics (e.g. classification, potential of IP linked open data</td> <td><a class="icon-link_document" href="https://link.epo.org/elearning/ARP2020_Wang_en.pdf">Linking patents to scientific publications through in-text reference mining</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="research-project-grants-2019">Research project grants 2019</h2> <p>The following four research projects were awarded funding in 2019.</p> <dl class="ckeditor-accordion"> <dt>Patents as a source of finance to mitigate financing constraints</dt> <dd> <p>The purpose of this project is to collect data on patents that were used as collateral in loan negotiations in four countries (Sweden, the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg) where it is mandatory to report to the local patent authority if intellectual property rights have been pledged. In addition, it is proposed to conduct an economic analysis of pledged patents in order to shed some light on 1. how frequently are patents used as collateral, 2. which patents are used as collateral, 3. which type of firms pledge patents, 4. whether we can use pledged patents to estimate their value through firms’ debt levels, and 5. whether patent–pledging is effective in mitigating financing constraints of corresponding firms significantly.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Lead applicant</th> <th>University</th> <th>Thematic area</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Dirk Czarnitzki</td> <td>KU Leuven, BE</td> <td>The role of patents in technology transfer, commercialisation, and/or investment decisions</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Podcast</th> <th>Download the research report</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><a class="icon-link_external" href="https://spotifyanchor-web.app.link/e/oAwO0fncvtb" target="_blank">Listen to the podcast</a></td> <td><a class="icon-link_document" href="https://documents.epo.org/projects/babylon/eponet.nsf/0/C1DA39F16C29E8F3C125887E004CF8A7/$File/ARP2019_Czarnitzki_en.pdf" target="_blank" title="2019 research projects final papers">Patents as a source of finance to mitigate financing constraints</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </dd> <dt>From patents to trademarks: towards a concordance map</dt> <dd> <p>The aim of this project is to link patent to trademark data by mapping patent classes (IPC codes) to trademark classes (Nice codes and the keywords in the detailed goods and services descriptors). The main scientific objective of this project is threefold: 1. to develop a concordance map between patent and trademark classes, 2. to validate it extensively using complementary data sources and alternative techniques, and 3. to illustrate its use for cleantech patents. By focusing on classification systems, we aim at capturing the qualities of technological and market specialisation patterns. In this respect, the envisioned concordance map would allow to tackle three types of research questions.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Lead applicant</th> <th>University</th> <th>Thematic area</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Carolina Castaldi</td> <td>Utrecht University, NL</td> <td>Advanced use of PATSTAT, patent searching, and analytics (e.g. classification, potential of IP linked open data</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2>&nbsp;</h2> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Podcast</th> <th>Download the research report</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><a class="icon-link_external" href="https://spotifyanchor-web.app.link/e/SHvt2eG55sb" target="_blank">Listen to the podcast</a></td> <td><a class="icon-link_document" href="https://documents.epo.org/projects/babylon/eponet.nsf/0/C1DA39F16C29E8F3C125887E004CF8A7/$File/ARP2019_Castaldi_en.pdf" target="_blank" title="2019 research projects final papers">From patents to trademarks: towards a concordance map</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </dd> <dt>Understanding the business value of SMEs' patent portfolio: an artificial intelligence-based approach</dt> <dd> <p>The project’s primary goal is to assess and forecast the commercial value of SMEs’ patents measuring the proximity between their portfolio and their business model. With the use of artificial intelligence methodologies, the project aims to: 1. identify the closeness of firms’ business model developments from their technological footprint (patents) 2. predict the success likelihood of a specific business model applied to a given patent and 3. suggest alternative business models more in line with the patent portfolio characteristics. The project relies on original and relatively rare data regarding company business models disclosed directly by SMEs extracted from funding applications, submitted during the period 2014 to 2019, to the Horizon 2020 SME Instrument (SMEi) programme.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Lead applicant</th> <th>University</th> <th>Thematic area</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Alberto Di Minin</td> <td>Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, IT</td> <td>The role of patents in technology transfer, commercialisation, and/or investment decisions</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Podcast</th> <th>Download the research report</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><a class="icon-link_external" href="https://spotifyanchor-web.app.link/e/deRaHiMFQtb" target="_blank">Listen to the podcast</a></td> <td><a class="icon-link_document" href="https://documents.epo.org/projects/babylon/eponet.nsf/0/C1DA39F16C29E8F3C125887E004CF8A7/$File/ARP2019_Di_Minin_en.pdf" target="_blank" title="2019 research projects final papers">Understanding the business value of SMEs' patent portfolio: an artificial intelligence-based approach</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </dd> <dt>The role of the interplay between science and invention networks in knowledge cohesion: evidence from European regions</dt> <dd> <p>The project aims to analyse international collaborations in science and inventive activity and investigate how the landscape of knowledge production in Europe has changed over the past 25 years. The aim is to analyse to what extent collaborations in science and collaborations in patents are related at regional level. These collaborations can be set up by researchers, universities and firms, and governments fund such collaborative initiatives (e.g., EU’s Framework Programmes). Thus, both academics and policymakers will benefit from knowing the impact of collaborations in research and patents. The project has four research questions: 1. do patent and research networks in Europe have similar dynamics?, 2. do patents have any impact on the formation and evolution of research networks?, 3. do the innovation performances of regions affect the formation and evolution of research networks?, and 4. do the innovation performances of regions affect the formation and evolution of patent networks?</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Lead applicant</th> <th>University</th> <th>Thematic area</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Semih Akçomak</td> <td>Middle East Technical University, TR</td> <td>Measuring the impact of patents on innovation</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Podcast</th> <th>Download the research report</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><a class="icon-link_external" href="https://spotifyanchor-web.app.link/e/zBd76sSnYub" target="_blank">Listen to the podcast</a></td> <td><a class="icon-link_document" href="https://documents.epo.org/projects/babylon/eponet.nsf/0/C1DA39F16C29E8F3C125887E004CF8A7/$File/ARP2019_Akcomak_en.pdf" target="_blank" title="2019 research projects final papers">The role of the interplay between science and invention networks in knowledge cohesion: evidence from European regions</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="research-project-grants-2018">Research project grants 2018</h2> <p>The following five research projects were awarded funding in 2018:</p> <dl class="ckeditor-accordion"> <dt>Approximating the standard-essentiality of patents – a semantics-based analysis</dt> <dd> <p>The development of interoperability standards such as WiFi or 5G in information and communication technologies typically requires massive investments in R&D. It therefore generates large portfolios of related patents, part of which are standard-essential patents (SEPs) that are by definition infringed whenever the respective standard is implemented. This research project develops a novel method based on semantic data analysis to detect such standard essential patents. It provides valuable insights into the patent landscape around major ICT standard while enhancing transparency for the licensing of SEPs.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Lead applicant</th> <th>University</th> <th>Thematic area</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Dietmar Harhoff</td> <td>Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition, DE</td> <td>Advanced use of PATSTAT, patent searching, and analytics (e.g. classification, potential of IP linked open data)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Podcast</th> <th>Download the research report</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <figure> <figcaption><a class="icon-link_external" href="https://anchor.fm/european-patent-office/episodes/Research-into-Patents-Drilling-deeper-on-the-standard-essentiality-of-SPEs-eqfqom">Listen to the podcast</a></figcaption> </figure> </td> <td><a class="icon-link_document" href="https://documents.epo.org/projects/babylon/eponet.nsf/0/FD9B4950FFA72013C125867D0059FFAD/$File/ARP2018_Harhoff_en.pdf" target="_blank">Approximating the standard-essentiality of patents – a semantics-based analysis</a>&nbsp;</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p> </dd> <dt>IP Linked Open Data: building bridges (IP LodB)</dt> <dd> <p>The project capitalises on Linked Open Data to build bridges between patent data and information on scientific knowledge, scientists and organisations. As main outputs the IP LodB project produced an intellectual property rights linked open data (LOD) map (IP LodB Map), tested the linkability of the EPO’s patent LOD database with Springer Nature, and constructed a new IPLOD database/dataset that has been made available for use by the research community.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Lead applicant</th> <th>University</th> <th>Thematic area</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Dolores Modic</td> <td>Nord University, NO</td> <td>Advanced use of PATSTAT, patent searching, and analytics (e.g. classification, potential of IP linked open data)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Podcast</th> <th>Download the research report</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <figure> <figcaption><a class="icon-link_external" href="https://anchor.fm/european-patent-office/episodes/Research-into-Patents-Building-bridges-with-IP-Linked-Open-Data-eras13">Listen to the podcast&nbsp;</a></figcaption> </figure> </td> <td><a class="icon-link_document" href="https://documents.epo.org/projects/babylon/eponet.nsf/0/FD9B4950FFA72013C125867D0059FFAD/$File/ARP2018_Modic_en.pdf" target="_blank">IP Linked Open Data: building bridges (IP LodB)</a>&nbsp;</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </dd> <dt>Mapping green trajectories in the universal network of patent citations</dt> <dd> <p>Building upon the evolutionary concept of technological trajectories and computational tools to identify such trajectories, the project maps the entire contents of EPO patent citations in the PatStat database. The findings focus in particular on green technologies. They show that progress in such technologies is strongly intertwined with developments in non-green technologies and shall be understood as such by policy makers.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Lead applicant</th> <th>University</th> <th>Thematic area</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Z. Önder Nomaler</td> <td>Maastricht Economic Research Institute on innovation and Technology – MERIT, NL</td> <td>Patents and climate change mitigation technologies</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Podcast</th> <th>Download the research report</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <figure> <figcaption><a class="icon-link_external" href="https://anchor.fm/european-patent-office/episodes/Research-into-Patents-Following-trajectories-of-green-technology-patents-eras6k">Listen to the podcast</a></figcaption> </figure> </td> <td><a class="icon-link_document" href="https://documents.epo.org/projects/babylon/eponet.nsf/0/FD9B4950FFA72013C125867D0059FFAD/$File/ARP2018_Nomaler_en.pdf" target="_blank">Mapping green trajectories in the universal network of patent citations</a>&nbsp;</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p> </dd> <dt>Traditional industries and the Fourth Industrial Revolution: new trends in the creation and protection of innovation in the global automotive industry</dt> <dd> <p>This project investigates how the emergence of 4IR-related technologies is modifying the positions of incumbents and new entrants in the automotive industry. For this purpose, it maps and analyses the evolution of the industry’s knowledge base by reconstructing the portfolio of patent families of the top 25 automotive manufacturers and the top 100 automotive suppliers over a 25-year period of analysis (1990-2014). 4IR technologies show a substantial patenting growth in the sector, especially after 2010. The 4IR knowledge base also differs from other established automotive technologies along several dimensions, including the way actors organise their 4IR knowledge sourcing and the patent filing strategies used to protect 4IR inventions.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Lead applicant</th> <th>University</th> <th>Thematic area</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Alessandra Perri</td> <td>Ca’ Foscari University, IT</td> <td>Patents, Artificial Intelligence and the Fourth Industrial Revolution</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Podcast</th> <th>Download the research report</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <figure> <figcaption><a class="icon-link_external" href="https://anchor.fm/european-patent-office/episodes/Research-into-Patents-Automotive-patents-reveal-4IR-impact-eqfqud">Listen to the podcast</a></figcaption> </figure> </td> <td><a class="icon-link_document" href="https://documents.epo.org/projects/babylon/eponet.nsf/0/FD9B4950FFA72013C125867D0059FFAD/$File/ARP2018_Perri_en.pdf" target="_blank">Traditional industries and the Fourth Industrial Revolution: new trends in the creation and protection of innovation in the global automotive industry</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p> </dd> <dt>University research funding, patenting and technological impact</dt> <dd> <p>This project studies the interplay between universities and firms located in the same European regions. A first line of research analyses the evolution of the technological trajectories of universities and co-localised firms. By linking evolution patterns to the overall innovation performance of the regions, it provides useful insights for smart specialisation policies in European regions. A second line of research analyses the impact of 3 697 scientific research grants awarded by the European Research Council (ERC) on the subsequent patents induced by the grant programs, thereby documenting the ability of the scheme to generate market-relevant inventions.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Lead applicant</th> <th>University</th> <th>Thematic area</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Giuseppe Scellato</td> <td>Polytechnic University of Turin, IT</td> <td>Use of patents by SMEs and universities in Europe</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Podcast</th> <th>Download the research report</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <figure> <figcaption><a class="icon-link_external" href="https://anchor.fm/european-patent-office/episodes/Research-into-Patents-FP7---more-patents-than-meet-the-eye-eqfqs0">Listen to the podcast</a></figcaption> </figure> </td> <td> <p><a class="icon-link_document" href="https://documents.epo.org/projects/babylon/eponet.nsf/0/FD9B4950FFA72013C125867D0059FFAD/$File/ARP2018_Scellato_en.pdf" target="_blank">University research funding, patenting and technological impact</a>&nbsp;</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="research-project-grants-2017">Research project grants 2017</h2> <p>The following six research projects were awarded funding in 2017:</p> <dl class="ckeditor-accordion"> <dt>Innovation and technological content of imports</dt> <dd> <p>Innovation in one nation benefits others as it diffuses. While there is strong evidence linking the adoption of foreign innovations to international trade, there is as yet no evidence on how trade generates links to foreign innovations which promote new local innovations. To bridge this knowledge gap we used a proprietary dataset linking trade in products to technology classes, providing a state-of-the-art measure of the innovation content of trade. Furthermore, we examined how this knowledge content and thus the encouragement of new innovations are impacted by intellectual property rights driven trade policies such as the WTO's TRIPS agreement.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Lead applicant</th> <th>University</th> <th>Thematic area</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Igor Bagayev</td> <td>University College Dublin, IE</td> <td>Patents, trade and foreign direct investment</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p><a class="icon-link_document" href="https://documents.epo.org/projects/babylon/eponet.nsf/0/A69432F980D71284C12584F5003DE05C/$File/ARP_report_Bagayev_en.pdf">Innovation and technological content of imports</a>&nbsp;</p> </dd> <dt>Financing innovation in Europe</dt> <dd> <p>This research project establishes a link between financial constraints and corporate innovation in 15 European countries by analysing the impact of exogenous shocks on firms’ lending channels for their innovative activities. In order to infer causal relationships, the process of European financial integration in the early 2000s has been exploited as a quasi-natural experimental setup. The analysis used direct, quality-related measures of innovation based on patent information to assess the impact of financial constraints on innovative efficiency.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Lead applicant</th> <th>University</th> <th>Thematic area</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>David Heller</td> <td>Goethe University Frankfurt, DE</td> <td>SMEs</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p><a class="icon-link_document" href="https://documents.epo.org/projects/babylon/eponet.nsf/0/A69432F980D71284C12584F5003DE05C/$File/ARP_report_Heller_en.pdf">Financing innovation in Europe</a></p> </dd> <dt>Innovation in climate change mitigation technologies and environmental regulation</dt> <dd> <p>The scientific evidence for human induced climate change and environmental degradation is unequivocal. Accelerating the development of climate change mitigation technologies (CCMTs) is a key challenge to temper the costs associated with climate change and air pollution. This project investigated the impact of environmental policies on innovation activities in general, and CCMTs in particular. The methodology used original data at the regional level on environmental measures implemented to decrease air pollution in the European Union and data on patents relating to CCMT (and non-CCMT). A quasi diff-in-diff setting and an instrumental variable approach have been used to identify the influence of a stricter environmental policy on different patterns of innovation activity.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Lead applicant</th> <th>University</th> <th>Thematic area</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Julie Lochard</td> <td>Paris-Est Créteil University, FR</td> <td>Climate change mitigation technologies</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p><a class="icon-link_document" href="https://documents.epo.org/projects/babylon/eponet.nsf/0/A69432F980D71284C12584F5003DE05C/$File/ARP_report_Lochard_en.pdf">Innovation in climate change mitigation technologies and environmental regulation</a>&nbsp;</p> </dd> <dt>CAPPA – Career paths of patent attorneys</dt> <dd> <p>Patent attorneys have played an important role within the patent system for decades, but their role in sharing knowledge e.g. as they change jobs and interact with others has not previously been investigated in any detail. A comprehensive and current dataset about the activities and mobility of the patent attorneys has been missing. Based on preliminary work in the IP industry the project enabled the creation of a dataset of the career paths of all patent attorneys who have served as representatives before the EPO in the last ten years. This dataset, the EPAC, will be regularly updated and published as open data. It can be applied to identified career patterns of patent attorneys having a positive effect on the individual and firm success.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Lead applicant</th> <th>University</th> <th>Thematic area</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Lutz Maicher</td> <td>Friedrich Schiller University Jena, DE</td> <td>Patent services and intermediaries</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p><a class="icon-link_document" href="https://documents.epo.org/projects/babylon/eponet.nsf/0/A69432F980D71284C12584F5003DE05C/$File/ARP_report_Maicher_en.pdf">CAPPA – Career paths of patent attorneys</a></p> </dd> <dt>Insights from product-patent correspondence</dt> <dd> <p>This project has used data science tools to build a database that tracks innovations into the marketplace. Specifically, new software has been developed to harvest data on products from the web, which could be directly traced to identifiable European patents. These data can be employed to advance our understanding of patent valuation and the patent prosecution process.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Lead applicant</th> <th>University</th> <th>Thematic area</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Gaétan de Rassenfosse</td> <td>Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH</td> <td>Advanced use of PATSTAT</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p><a class="icon-link_document" href="https://documents.epo.org/projects/babylon/eponet.nsf/0/A69432F980D71284C12584F5003DE05C/$File/ARP_report_De_Rassenfosse_en.pdf">Insights from product-patent correspondence</a>&nbsp;</p> </dd> <dt>Knowledge spillovers from product and process inventions and their impact on firm performance</dt> <dd> <p>This research project aims at the large-scale categorisation of ‘technological fields’ to distinguish between process inventions and product inventions. Text searching methods have been applied to validate the resulting classifications, which will be made publicly available. The patent records have been coded to enable the identification and analysis of technological life-cycles following the introduction of product and process inventions. A second, analytical part of the project characterises different forms of spillovers related to products and processes and analyses their impacts on: i) innovation performance; ii) research or productivity; and iii) entry/exit in technological fields.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Lead applicant</th> <th>University</th> <th>Thematic area</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Martin Wörter</td> <td>ETH Zurich, CH</td> <td>Advanced use of PATSTAT</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p><a class="icon-link_document" href="https://documents.epo.org/projects/babylon/eponet.nsf/0/A69432F980D71284C12584F5003DE05C/$File/ARP_report_Woerter_en.pdf">Knowledge spillovers from product and process inventions and their impact on firm performance</a>&nbsp;</p> </dd> </dl> <div class="ckeditor-template ckeditor-template-media-text ckeditor-template-media-text-2-col"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6"> <div class="ratio 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class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Fees" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Fees </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/applying/fees" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/applying/fees" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/323470">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="European fees (EPC)" data-url="/en/applying/fees/fees" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu European fees (EPC)" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> European fees (EPC) </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" 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<ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Reduction in fees" data-url="/en/applying/fees/international-fees/reduction-in-fees" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/applying/fees/international-fees/reduction-in-fees" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447046">Reduction in fees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Fees for international applications" data-url="/en/applying/fees/international-fees/important-fees" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/applying/fees/international-fees/important-fees" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447049">Fees for international applications</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Decisions and notices" data-url="/en/applying/fees/international-fees/decisions-and-notices" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/applying/fees/international-fees/decisions-and-notices" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447043">Decisions and notices</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/applying/fees/international-fees" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/applying/fees/international-fees" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/407326">Overview</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Unitary Patent fees (UP)" data-url="/en/applying/fees/unitary-patent-fees" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Unitary Patent fees (UP)" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Unitary Patent fees (UP) </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/applying/fees/unitary-patent-fees" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/applying/fees/unitary-patent-fees" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/571075">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Decisions and notices" data-url="/en/applying/fees/unitary-patent-fees/decisions" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/applying/fees/unitary-patent-fees/decisions" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/571078">Decisions and notices</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Fee payment and refunds" data-url="/en/applying/fees/payment" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Fee payment and refunds" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Fee payment and refunds </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/applying/fees/payment" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/applying/fees/payment" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/407329">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Payment methods" data-url="/en/applying/fees/payment/methods" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/applying/fees/payment/methods" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/413782">Payment methods</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Getting started" data-url="/en/applying/fees/payment/getting-started" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/applying/fees/payment/getting-started" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/413785">Getting started</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="FAQs and other documentation" data-url="/en/applying/fees/payment/FAQs-and-other-documentation" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/applying/fees/payment/FAQs-and-other-documentation" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/415672">FAQs and other documentation</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Technical information for batch payments" data-url="/en/applying/fees/payment/technical-information-xml-and-csv-file-formats-batch-payments" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/applying/fees/payment/technical-information-xml-and-csv-file-formats-batch-payments" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447013">Technical information for batch payments</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Decisions and notices" data-url="/en/applying/fees/payment/decisions-and-notices" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/applying/fees/payment/decisions-and-notices" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/516805">Decisions and notices</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Release notes" data-url="/en/applying/fees/payment/release-notes" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/applying/fees/payment/release-notes" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447010">Release notes</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Warning" data-url="/en/applying/fees/warning" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/applying/fees/warning" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447055">Warning</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Forms" data-url="/en/applying/forms" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Forms" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Forms </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/applying/forms" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/applying/forms" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/541567">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Request for examination" data-url="/en/applying/forms/examination" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/applying/forms/examination" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/541570">Request for examination</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Find a professional representative" data-url="/en/applying/representatives" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/applying/representatives" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/54318">Find a professional representative</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Law & practice" data-url="" data-elastic-exclude> <span class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false" data-toggle="dropdown" title="Expand menu Law & practice" data-elastic-exclude="">Law & practice</span> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> <a class="navigation-bar-close-menu"> </a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/law-practice" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/law-practice" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/465547">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Legal texts" data-url="/en/legal" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Legal texts" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Legal texts </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/legal" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/legal" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/285094">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="European Patent Convention" data-url="/en/legal/epc" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu European Patent Convention" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> European Patent Convention </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/legal/epc" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/legal/epc" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/285103">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Archive" data-url="/en/legal/epc/archive" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Archive" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Archive </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/legal/epc/archive" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/legal/epc/archive" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447058">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Documentation on the EPC revision 2000" data-url="/en/legal/epc/archive/documentation-epc-revision-2000" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Documentation on the EPC revision 2000" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Documentation on the EPC revision 2000 </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/legal/epc/archive/documentation-epc-revision-2000" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/legal/epc/archive/documentation-epc-revision-2000" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" title="Overview" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447061">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Diplomatic Conference for the revision of the EPC" data-url="/en/legal/epc/archive/documentation-epc-revision-2000/diplomatic-conference-revision-epc" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/legal/epc/archive/documentation-epc-revision-2000/diplomatic-conference-revision-epc" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447064">Diplomatic Conference for the revision of the EPC</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Travaux préparatoires" data-url="/en/legal/epc/archive/documentation-epc-revision-2000/travaux-preparatoires" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/legal/epc/archive/documentation-epc-revision-2000/travaux-preparatoires" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447067">Travaux préparatoires</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="New text" data-url="/en/legal/epc/archive/documentation-epc-revision-2000/new-text" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/legal/epc/archive/documentation-epc-revision-2000/new-text" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447070">New text</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Transitional provisions" data-url="/en/legal/epc/archive/documentation-epc-revision-2000/transitional-provisions" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/legal/epc/archive/documentation-epc-revision-2000/transitional-provisions" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447073">Transitional provisions</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Implementing regulations to the EPC 2000" data-url="/en/legal/epc/archive/documentation-epc-revision-2000/implementing-regulations" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/legal/epc/archive/documentation-epc-revision-2000/implementing-regulations" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447076">Implementing regulations to the EPC 2000</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Rules relating to Fees" data-url="/en/legal/epc/archive/documentation-epc-revision-2000/rules-relating-fees" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/legal/epc/archive/documentation-epc-revision-2000/rules-relating-fees" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447079">Rules relating to Fees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Ratifications and accessions" data-url="/en/legal/epc/archive/documentation-epc-revision-2000/ratifications" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/legal/epc/archive/documentation-epc-revision-2000/ratifications" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447082">Ratifications and accessions</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Travaux Préparatoires EPC 1973" data-url="/en/legal/epc/archive/travaux" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/legal/epc/archive/travaux" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/513016">Travaux Préparatoires EPC 1973</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Official Journal" data-url="/en/legal/official-journal" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/legal/official-journal" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/285106">Official Journal</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Guidelines" data-url="/en/legal/guidelines" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Guidelines" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Guidelines </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/legal/guidelines" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/legal/guidelines" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/492211">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="EPC Guidelines" data-url="/en/legal/guidelines-epc" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/legal/guidelines-epc" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/285109">EPC Guidelines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="PCT-EPO Guidelines" data-url="/en/legal/guidelines-pct" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/legal/guidelines-pct" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/285112">PCT-EPO Guidelines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Unitary Patent Guidelines" data-url="/en/legal/guidelines-up" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/legal/guidelines-up" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1314950">Unitary Patent Guidelines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Guidelines revision cycle" data-url="/en/legal/guidelines-revision-cycle" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/legal/guidelines-revision-cycle" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447091">Guidelines revision cycle</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Consultation results" data-url="/en/legal/guidelines/consultation-results" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/legal/guidelines/consultation-results" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/910492">Consultation results</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Summary of user responses" data-url="/en/legal/guidelines/responses" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/legal/guidelines/responses" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/503536">Summary of user responses</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Archive" data-url="/en/legal/guidelines/archive" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/legal/guidelines/archive" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/499768">Archive</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Extension / validation system" data-url="/en/legal/extension-validation-system" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/legal/extension-validation-system" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447094">Extension / validation system</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="London Agreement" data-url="/en/legal/london-agreement" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/legal/london-agreement" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447097">London Agreement</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="National law relating to the EPC" data-url="/en/legal/national-law" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu National law relating to the EPC" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> National law relating to the EPC </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/legal/national-law" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/legal/national-law" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/285115">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Archive" data-url="/en/legal/national-law/archive" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/legal/national-law/archive" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447100">Archive</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Unitary Patent system" data-url="/en/legal/up-upc" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Unitary Patent system" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Unitary Patent system </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Travaux préparatoires to UP and UPC" data-url="/en/legal/up-upc/travaux-preparatoires-and-upc" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/legal/up-upc/travaux-preparatoires-and-upc" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1156160">Travaux préparatoires to UP and UPC</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="National measures relating to the Unitary Patent " data-url="/en/legal/national-measures-up" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/legal/national-measures-up" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/285118">National measures relating to the Unitary Patent </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Court practices" data-url="/en/law-practice/court-practices" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Court practices" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Court practices </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/law-practice/court-practices" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/law-practice/court-practices" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447103">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="European Patent Judges' Symposium" data-url="/en/law-practice/court-practices/european-patent-judges-symposium" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/law-practice/court-practices/european-patent-judges-symposium" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447106">European Patent Judges' Symposium</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="User consultations" data-url="/en/law-practice/consultation" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu User consultations" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> User consultations </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/law-practice/consultation" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/law-practice/consultation" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/285097">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Ongoing consultations" data-url="/en/law-practice/consultation/ongoing" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/law-practice/consultation/ongoing" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/465550">Ongoing consultations</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Completed consultations" data-url="/en/law-practice/consultation/completed-consultations" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/law-practice/consultation/completed-consultations" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447181">Completed consultations</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Substantive patent law harmonisation" data-url="/en/law-practice/harmonisation" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Substantive patent law harmonisation" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Substantive patent law harmonisation </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/law-practice/harmonisation" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/law-practice/harmonisation" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/285100">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="The Tegernsee process" data-url="/en/law-practice/harmonisation/tegernsee-process" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/law-practice/harmonisation/tegernsee-process" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447184">The Tegernsee process</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Group B+" data-url="/en/law-practice/harmonisation/group-b-plus" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/law-practice/harmonisation/group-b-plus" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447187">Group B+</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Convergence of practice" data-url="/en/law-practice/convergence-of-practice" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/law-practice/convergence-of-practice" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447190">Convergence of practice</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Options for professional representatives" data-url="/en/law-practice/options-professional-representatives" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/law-practice/options-professional-representatives" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/365026">Options for professional representatives</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="News & events" data-url="" data-elastic-exclude> <span class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false" data-toggle="dropdown" title="Expand menu News & events" data-elastic-exclude="">News & events</span> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> <a class="navigation-bar-close-menu"> </a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/news-events" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/285085">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="News" data-url="/en/news-events/news" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/news" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/105393">News</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Events" data-url="/en/news-events/events" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/events" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/285028">Events</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="European Inventor Award" data-url="/en/news-events/european-inventor-award" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu European Inventor Award" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> European Inventor Award </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/news-events/european-inventor-award" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/european-inventor-award" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/323683">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="The meaning of tomorrow" data-url="/en/news-events/european-inventor-award/meaning-tomorrow" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/european-inventor-award/meaning-tomorrow" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1142564">The meaning of tomorrow</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="About the award" data-url="/en/news-events/european-inventor-award/about-award" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/european-inventor-award/about-award" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/365005">About the award</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Categories and prizes" data-url="/en/news-events/european-inventor-award/categories-and-prizes" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/european-inventor-award/categories-and-prizes" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/323287">Categories and prizes</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Meet the finalists" data-url="/en/news-events/european-inventor-award/meet-the-finalists" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/european-inventor-award/meet-the-finalists" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/323461">Meet the finalists</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Nominations" data-url="/en/news-events/european-inventor-award/nominations" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/european-inventor-award/nominations" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/323317">Nominations</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="European Inventor Network" data-url="/en/news-events/european-inventor-award/european-inventor-network" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu European Inventor Network" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> European Inventor Network </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="2024 activities" data-url="/en/news-events/european-inventor-award/european-inventor-network/2024-activities" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/european-inventor-award/european-inventor-network/2024-activities" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/836491">2024 activities</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="2025 activities" data-url="/en/news-events/european-inventor-award/european-inventor-network/2025-activities" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/european-inventor-award/european-inventor-network/2025-activities" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1165320">2025 activities</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Rules and criteria" data-url="/en/news-events/european-inventor-award/european-inventor-network/rules-criteria" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/european-inventor-award/european-inventor-network/rules-criteria" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1277009">Rules and criteria</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="FAQ" data-url="/en/news-events/european-inventor-award/european-inventor-network/faq" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/european-inventor-award/european-inventor-network/faq" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1277010">FAQ</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="The 2024 event" data-url="/en/news-events/european-inventor-award/2024-event" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/european-inventor-award/2024-event" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1050691">The 2024 event</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Young Inventors Prize" data-url="/en/news-events/young-inventors-prize" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Young Inventors Prize" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Young Inventors Prize </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="About the prize" data-url="/en/news-events/young-inventors-prize/about-prize" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/young-inventors-prize/about-prize" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1156810">About the prize</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Nominations" data-url="/en/news-events/young-inventors-prize/nominations" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/young-inventors-prize/nominations" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1157454">Nominations</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="The jury" data-url="/en/news-events/young-inventors-prize/jury" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/young-inventors-prize/jury" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1284855">The jury</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Press centre" data-url="/en/news-events/press-centre" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Press centre" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Press centre </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/news-events/press-centre" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/press-centre" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/104359">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Patent Index and statistics" data-url="/en/news-events/press-centre/patent-index-and-statistics" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/press-centre/patent-index-and-statistics" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/323686">Patent Index and statistics</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Search in press centre" data-url="/en/news-events/press-centre/search-press-centre" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/press-centre/search-press-centre" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/104360">Search in press centre</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Background information" data-url="/en/news-events/press-centre/background" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Background information" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Background information </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/news-events/press-centre/background" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/press-centre/background" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/285298">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="European Patent Office" data-url="/en/news-events/press-centre/fact-sheet/446602" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/press-centre/fact-sheet/446602" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/446602">European Patent Office</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Q&A on patents related to coronavirus" data-url="/en/news-events/press-centre/fact-sheet/446605" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/press-centre/fact-sheet/446605" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/446605">Q&A on patents related to coronavirus</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Q&A on plant patents" data-url="/en/news-events/press-centre/fact-sheet/447625" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/press-centre/fact-sheet/447625" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447625">Q&A on plant patents</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Copyright" data-url="/en/news-events/press-centre/copyright" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/press-centre/copyright" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/323710">Copyright</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Press contacts" data-url="/en/news-events/press-centre/contact" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/press-centre/contact" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/391396">Press contacts</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Call back form" data-url="/en/call-back-form" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/call-back-form" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/17674">Call back form</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Email alert service" data-url="/en/email-alert-service" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/email-alert-service" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/431548">Email alert service</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="In focus" data-url="/en/news-events/in-focus" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu In focus" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> In focus </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/news-events/in-focus" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/in-focus" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/323071">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Water-related technologies" data-url="/en/news-events/in-focus/water" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/in-focus/water" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1185224">Water-related technologies</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="CodeFest" data-url="/en/news-events/in-focus/codefest" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu CodeFest" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> CodeFest </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="CodeFest Spring 2025 on classifying patent data for sustainable development" data-url="/en/codefest-spring-2025-classifying-patent-data-sustainable-development" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/codefest-spring-2025-classifying-patent-data-sustainable-development" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1329357">CodeFest Spring 2025 on classifying patent data for sustainable development</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/news-events/in-focus/codefest" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/in-focus/codefest" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1162034">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="CodeFest 2024 on generative AI" data-url="/en/news-events/in-focus/codefest/codefest-2024-generative-ai" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/in-focus/codefest/codefest-2024-generative-ai" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1162035">CodeFest 2024 on generative AI</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="CodeFest 2023 on Green Plastics" data-url="/en/news-events/in-focus/codefest/codefest-green-plastics" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/in-focus/codefest/codefest-green-plastics" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447208">CodeFest 2023 on Green Plastics</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Green tech in focus" data-url="/en/news-events/in-focus/green-tech" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Green tech in focus" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Green tech in focus </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/news-events/in-focus/green-tech" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/in-focus/green-tech" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/323074">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="About green tech" data-url="/en/news-events/in-focus/green-tech/about-green-tech" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/in-focus/green-tech/about-green-tech" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447196">About green tech</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Renewable energies" data-url="/en/news-events/in-focus/green-tech/renewable-energies" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/in-focus/green-tech/renewable-energies" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447199">Renewable energies</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Energy transition technologies" data-url="/en/news-events/in-focus/green-tech/energy-transition-technologies" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/in-focus/green-tech/energy-transition-technologies" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447202">Energy transition technologies</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Building a greener future" data-url="/en/news-events/in-focus/green-tech/building-a-greener-future" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/in-focus/green-tech/building-a-greener-future" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447205">Building a greener future</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Research institutes" data-url="/en/news-events/in-focus/research" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/in-focus/research" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447223">Research institutes</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Women inventors" data-url="/en/news-events/in-focus/women-inventors" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/in-focus/women-inventors" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447226">Women inventors</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Lifestyle" data-url="/en/news-events/in-focus/lifestyle" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/news-events/in-focus/lifestyle" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447247">Lifestyle</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Space and satellites" data-url="/en/news-events/in-focus/space" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Space and satellites" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Space and satellites </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> 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href="/en/learning/learning-resources-profile/business-and-ip-managers/best-search-matters/challenges-and-specific-topics" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1209370">Challenges and specific topics</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Support for high-growth technology businesses" data-url="/en/learning/learning-resources-profile/business-and-ip-managers/support-high-growth-technology-businesses" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Support for high-growth technology businesses" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Support for high-growth technology businesses </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" 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</li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="EQE and EPAC Candidates" data-url="/en/learning/learning-resources-profile/eqe-epac-candidates" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu EQE and EPAC Candidates" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> EQE and EPAC Candidates </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/learning/learning-resources-profile/eqe-epac-candidates" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/learning/learning-resources-profile/eqe-epac-candidates" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/564673">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Paper F brain-teasers" 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in Europe</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="The jurisdiction of European courts in patent disputes" data-url="/en/learning/learning-resources-profile/judges-lawyers-and-prosecutors/jurisdiction-european-courts-patent-disputes" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/learning/learning-resources-profile/judges-lawyers-and-prosecutors/jurisdiction-european-courts-patent-disputes" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1212896">The jurisdiction of European courts in patent disputes</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="National offices and IP authorities" data-url="/en/learning/learning-resources-profile/national-offices-and-ip-authorities" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu National offices and IP authorities" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> National offices and IP authorities </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul 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data-url="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/member-states-video-statements/monaco" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/member-states-video-statements/monaco" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/894958">Monaco</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Montenegro" data-url="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/member-states-video-statements/montenegro" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/member-states-video-statements/montenegro" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/894961">Montenegro</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Netherlands" data-url="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/member-states-video-statements/netherlands" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/member-states-video-statements/netherlands" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/894970">Netherlands</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="North Macedonia" data-url="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/member-states-video-statements/north-macedonia" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/member-states-video-statements/north-macedonia" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/894964">North Macedonia</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Norway" data-url="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/member-states-video-statements/norway" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/member-states-video-statements/norway" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/898867">Norway</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Poland" data-url="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/member-states-video-statements/poland" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/member-states-video-statements/poland" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/898870">Poland</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Portugal" data-url="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/member-states-video-statements/portugal" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/member-states-video-statements/portugal" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/767260">Portugal</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Romania" data-url="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/member-states-video-statements/romania" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/member-states-video-statements/romania" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/898873">Romania</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="San Marino" data-url="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/member-states-video-statements/san-marino" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/member-states-video-statements/san-marino" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/904675">San Marino</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Serbia" data-url="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/member-states-video-statements/serbia" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/member-states-video-statements/serbia" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/902755">Serbia</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Slovakia" data-url="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/member-states-video-statements/slovakia" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/member-states-video-statements/slovakia" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/902764">Slovakia</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Slovenia" data-url="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/member-states-video-statements/slovenia" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/member-states-video-statements/slovenia" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/902761">Slovenia</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Spain" data-url="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/member-states-video-statements/spain" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/member-states-video-statements/spain" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/892957">Spain</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Sweden" data-url="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/member-states-video-statements/sweden" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/member-states-video-statements/sweden" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/902758">Sweden</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Switzerland" data-url="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/member-states-video-statements/switzerland" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/member-states-video-statements/switzerland" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/892939">Switzerland</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Türkiye" data-url="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/member-states-video-statements/turkiye" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/member-states-video-statements/turkiye" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/904678">Türkiye</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="United Kingdom" data-url="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/member-states-video-statements/united-kingdom" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/member-states-video-statements/united-kingdom" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/892966">United Kingdom</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="50 Leading Tech Voices" data-url="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/50-leading-tech-voices" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/50-leading-tech-voices" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/753721">50 Leading Tech Voices</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Athens Marathon" data-url="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/athens-marathon" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/athens-marathon" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/945247">Athens Marathon</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Kids’ collaborative art competition" data-url="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/kids-collaborative-art-competition" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/50-epc-anniversary/kids-collaborative-art-competition" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447319">Kids’ collaborative art competition</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Legal foundations and member states" data-url="/en/about-us/foundation" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Legal foundations and member states" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Legal foundations and member states </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/about-us/foundation" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/foundation" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/323260">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Legal foundations" data-url="/en/about-us/foundation/legal-foundations" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/foundation/legal-foundations" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447322">Legal foundations</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Member states" data-url="/en/about-us/foundation/member-states" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Member states" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Member states </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/about-us/foundation/member-states" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/foundation/member-states" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447325">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Member states by date of accession" data-url="/en/about-us/foundation/member-states/date" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/foundation/member-states/date" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447328">Member states by date of accession</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Extension states" data-url="/en/about-us/foundation/extension-states" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/foundation/extension-states" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447331">Extension states</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Validation states" data-url="/en/about-us/foundation/validation-states" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/foundation/validation-states" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447334">Validation states</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Administrative Council and subsidiary bodies" data-url="/en/about-us/administrative-council" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Administrative Council and subsidiary bodies" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Administrative Council and subsidiary bodies </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/about-us/administrative-council" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/administrative-council" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/323263">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Communiqués" data-url="/en/about-us/administrative-council/communiques" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Communiqués" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Communiqués </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/about-us/administrative-council/communiques" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/administrative-council/communiques" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447337">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="2023" data-url="/en/about-us/administrative-council/communiques/2023" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/administrative-council/communiques/2023" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1166619">2023</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="2022" data-url="/en/about-us/administrative-council/communiques/2022" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/administrative-council/communiques/2022" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/518689">2022</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="2021" data-url="/en/about-us/administrative-council/communiques/2021" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/administrative-council/communiques/2021" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447340">2021</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="2020" data-url="/en/about-us/administrative-council/communiques/2020" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/administrative-council/communiques/2020" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447343">2020</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="2019" data-url="/en/about-us/administrative-council/communiques/2019" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/administrative-council/communiques/2019" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447346">2019</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="2018" data-url="/en/about-us/administrative-council/communiques/2018" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/administrative-council/communiques/2018" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447349">2018</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="2017" data-url="/en/about-us/administrative-council/communiques/2017" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/administrative-council/communiques/2017" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447352">2017</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="2016" data-url="/en/about-us/administrative-council/communiques/2016" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/administrative-council/communiques/2016" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447355">2016</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="2015" data-url="/en/about-us/administrative-council/communiques/2015" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/administrative-council/communiques/2015" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447358">2015</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="2014" data-url="/en/about-us/administrative-council/communiques/2014" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/administrative-council/communiques/2014" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447361">2014</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="2013" data-url="/en/about-us/administrative-council/communiques/2013" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/administrative-council/communiques/2013" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447364">2013</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Calendar" data-url="/en/about-us/administrative-council/calendar" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/administrative-council/calendar" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447367">Calendar</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Documents and publications" data-url="/en/about-us/administrative-council/documentation" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Documents and publications" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Documents and publications </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/about-us/administrative-council/documentation/documentation" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/administrative-council/documentation/documentation" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447373">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Select Committee documents" data-url="/en/about-us/administrative-council/documentation/documentation" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/administrative-council/documentation/documentation" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447373">Select Committee documents</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Administrative Council" data-url="/en/about-us/administrative-council/administrative-council" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Administrative Council" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Administrative Council </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/about-us/administrative-council/administrative-council" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/administrative-council/administrative-council" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/323266">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Composition" data-url="/en/about-us/administrative-council/administrative-council/composition" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/administrative-council/administrative-council/composition" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447379">Composition</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Representatives" data-url="/en/about-us/administrative-council/administrative-council/representatives" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/administrative-council/administrative-council/representatives" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447382">Representatives</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Rules of Procedure" data-url="/en/about-us/administrative-council/administrative-council/rules" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/administrative-council/administrative-council/rules" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447385">Rules of Procedure</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Board of Auditors" data-url="/en/about-us/administrative-council/administrative-council/auditors" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/administrative-council/administrative-council/auditors" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447388">Board of Auditors</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Secretariat" data-url="/en/about-us/administrative-council/administrative-council/secretariat" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/administrative-council/administrative-council/secretariat" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447391">Secretariat</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Council bodies" data-url="/en/about-us/administrative-council/administrative-council/bodies" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/administrative-council/administrative-council/bodies" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447394">Council bodies</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Principles & strategy" data-url="/en/about-us/office" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Principles & strategy" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Principles & strategy </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/about-us/office" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/office" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/323272">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Mission, vision, values & corporate policy" data-url="/en/about-us/office/mission" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/office/mission" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447397">Mission, vision, values & corporate policy</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Strategic Plan 2028" data-url="/en/about-us/office/strategic-plan-2028" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Strategic Plan 2028" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Strategic Plan 2028 </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Driver 1: People" data-url="/en/about-us/office/strategic-plan-2028/driver-1" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/office/strategic-plan-2028/driver-1" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1103019">Driver 1: People</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Driver 2: Technologies" data-url="/en/about-us/office/strategic-plan-2028/driver-2" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/office/strategic-plan-2028/driver-2" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1103678">Driver 2: Technologies</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Driver 3: High-quality, timely products and services" data-url="/en/about-us/office/strategic-plan-2028/driver-3" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/office/strategic-plan-2028/driver-3" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1105634">Driver 3: High-quality, timely products and services</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Driver 4: Partnerships" data-url="/en/about-us/office/strategic-plan-2028/driver-4" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/office/strategic-plan-2028/driver-4" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1105635">Driver 4: Partnerships</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Driver 5: Financial sustainability" data-url="/en/about-us/office/strategic-plan-2028/driver-5" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/office/strategic-plan-2028/driver-5" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1105636">Driver 5: Financial sustainability</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Towards a New Normal" data-url="/en/about-us/office/new-normal" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/office/new-normal" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447400">Towards a New Normal</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Data protection & privacy notice" data-url="/en/about-us/office/data-protection-and-privacy" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/office/data-protection-and-privacy" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447409">Data protection & privacy notice</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Leadership & management" data-url="/en/about-us/leadership-and-management" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Leadership & management" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Leadership & management </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/about-us/leadership-and-management" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/leadership-and-management" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/323275">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="About the President" data-url="/en/about-us/leadership-and-management/president" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/leadership-and-management/president" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447412">About the President</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Management Advisory Committee" data-url="/en/about-us/leadership-and-management/management-committee" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/leadership-and-management/management-committee" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/323473">Management Advisory Committee</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Sustainability at the EPO" data-url="/en/about-us/sustainability-at-the-epo" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Sustainability at the EPO" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Sustainability at the EPO </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/about-us/sustainability-at-the-epo" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/sustainability-at-the-epo" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1160717">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Environmental" data-url="/en/about-us/sustainability-at-the-epo/environmental" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Environmental" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Environmental </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/about-us/sustainability-at-the-epo/environmental" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/sustainability-at-the-epo/environmental" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1254051">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Inspiring environmental inventions" data-url="/en/about-us/sustainability-at-the-epo/environmental/inspiring-environmental-inventions" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/sustainability-at-the-epo/environmental/inspiring-environmental-inventions" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1162725">Inspiring environmental inventions</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Social" data-url="/en/about-us/sustainability-at-the-epo/social" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Social" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Social </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/about-us/sustainability-at-the-epo/social" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/sustainability-at-the-epo/social" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1162724">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Inspiring social inventions" data-url="/en/about-us/sustainability-at-the-epo/social/inspiring-social-inventions" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/sustainability-at-the-epo/social/inspiring-social-inventions" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1162726">Inspiring social inventions</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Governance and Financial sustainability" data-url="/en/about-us/sustainability-at-the-epo/governance" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/sustainability-at-the-epo/governance" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1162727">Governance and Financial sustainability</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Procurement" data-url="/en/about-us/tenders" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Procurement" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Procurement </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/about-us/tenders" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/tenders" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/494116">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Procurement forecast" data-url="/en/about-us/tenders/procurement-forecast" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/tenders/procurement-forecast" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/558646">Procurement forecast</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Doing business with the EPO" data-url="/en/about-us/tenders/doing-business-with-the-epo" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/tenders/doing-business-with-the-epo" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447487">Doing business with the EPO</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Procurement procedures" data-url="/en/about-us/tenders/procurement-procedures" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/tenders/procurement-procedures" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447490">Procurement procedures</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Dynamic Purchasing System (DPS) publications" data-url="/en/about-us/tenders/dynamic-purchasing-system-dps-publications" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/tenders/dynamic-purchasing-system-dps-publications" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1176440">Dynamic Purchasing System (DPS) publications</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Sustainable Procurement Policy" data-url="/en/about-us/tenders/sustainable-procurement-policy" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/tenders/sustainable-procurement-policy" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1040905">Sustainable Procurement Policy</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="About eTendering" data-url="/en/about-us/tenders/signatures" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/tenders/signatures" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447493">About eTendering</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Invoicing" data-url="/en/about-us/tenders/invoicing" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/tenders/invoicing" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447502">Invoicing</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Procurement portal" data-url="/en/about-us/tenders/procurement-portal" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Procurement portal" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Procurement portal </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/about-us/tenders/procurement-portal" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/tenders/procurement-portal" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447496">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="e-Signing contracts" data-url="/en/about-us/tenders/procurement-portal/e-signing-contracts" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/tenders/procurement-portal/e-signing-contracts" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447499">e-Signing contracts</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="General conditions" data-url="/en/about-us/tenders/general-conditions" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/tenders/general-conditions" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447505">General conditions</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Archived tenders" data-url="/en/about-us/tenders/archived-tenders" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/tenders/archived-tenders" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/494122">Archived tenders</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Services & activities" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Services & activities" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Services & activities </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/services-and-activities" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/323305">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Our services & structure" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/services" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/services" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447415">Our services & structure</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Quality" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Quality" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Quality </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/717244">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Foundations" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/foundations" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Foundations" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Foundations </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/foundations" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/foundations" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/726715">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="European Patent Convention" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/foundations/epc" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/foundations/epc" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/744157">European Patent Convention</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Guidelines for examination" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/foundations/guidelines" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/foundations/guidelines" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/746053">Guidelines for examination</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Our staff" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/foundations/staff" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/foundations/staff" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/746056">Our staff</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Enabling quality" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/enabling-quality" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Enabling quality" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Enabling quality </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/enabling-quality" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/enabling-quality" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/742150">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Prior art" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/enabling-quality/prior-art" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/enabling-quality/prior-art" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/746095">Prior art</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Classification" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/enabling-quality/classification" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/enabling-quality/classification" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/746098">Classification</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Tools" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/enabling-quality/tools" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/enabling-quality/tools" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/746101">Tools</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Processes" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/enabling-quality/processes" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/enabling-quality/processes" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/746104">Processes</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Products & services" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/high-quality-products-services" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Products & services" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Products & services </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/high-quality-products-services" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/high-quality-products-services" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/742147">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Search" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/high-quality-products-services/search" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/high-quality-products-services/search" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/746059">Search</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Examination" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/high-quality-products-services/examination" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/high-quality-products-services/examination" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/746062">Examination</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Opposition" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/high-quality-products-services/opposition" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/high-quality-products-services/opposition" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/746065">Opposition</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Continuous improvement" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/high-quality-products-services/continual-improvement" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/high-quality-products-services/continual-improvement" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/850792">Continuous improvement</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Quality through networking" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/quality-through-networking" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Quality through networking" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Quality through networking </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/quality-through-networking" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/quality-through-networking" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/742153">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="User engagement" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/quality-through-networking/user-engagement" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/quality-through-networking/user-engagement" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/746107">User engagement</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Co-operation" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/quality-through-networking/cooperation" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/quality-through-networking/cooperation" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/746110">Co-operation</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="User satisfaction survey" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/quality-through-networking/surveys" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/quality-through-networking/surveys" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/746113">User satisfaction survey</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Stakeholder Quality Assurance Panels" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/quality-through-networking/sqap" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/quality-through-networking/sqap" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/746116">Stakeholder Quality Assurance Panels</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item" 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</li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Integrated management at the EPO" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/integrated-management-epo" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/quality/integrated-management-epo" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1175106">Integrated management at the EPO</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Consulting our users" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/consulting-our-users" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Consulting our users" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Consulting our users </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" 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data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447583">Detailed methodology</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Search services" data-url="/en/service-support/contact-us/surveys/search" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/service-support/contact-us/surveys/search" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447568">Search services</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Examination services, final actions and publication" data-url="/en/service-support/contact-us/surveys/examination" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/service-support/contact-us/surveys/examination" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447571">Examination services, final actions and publication</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Opposition services" data-url="/en/service-support/contact-us/surveys/opposition" data-elastic-exclude> <a 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data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/service-support/contact-us/surveys/filing" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/558658">Filing services</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Key Account Management (KAM)" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/consulting-our-users/surveys/key-account-management" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/consulting-our-users/surveys/key-account-management" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1285515">Key Account Management (KAM)</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Website" data-url="/en/service-support/contact-us/surveys/website" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/service-support/contact-us/surveys/website" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447598">Website</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Archive" 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data-elastic-exclude> European and international co-operation </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/international-european-cooperation" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/international-european-cooperation" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/323308">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="Co-operation with member states" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/international-european-cooperation/member-states" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Co-operation with member states" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Co-operation with member 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Bilateral co-operation with non-member states </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/international-european-cooperation/international-bilateral" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/international-european-cooperation/international-bilateral" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447451">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Validation system" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/international-european-cooperation/international-bilateral/validation-system" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/international-european-cooperation/international-bilateral/validation-system" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447454">Validation system</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Reinforced Partnership programme" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/international-european-cooperation/international-bilateral/reinforced-partnership-programme" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/international-european-cooperation/international-bilateral/reinforced-partnership-programme" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447457">Reinforced Partnership programme</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Multilateral international co-operation with IP offices and organisations" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/international-european-cooperation/international-multilateral" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/international-european-cooperation/international-multilateral" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/447460">Multilateral international co-operation with IP offices and organisations</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Co-operation with international organisations outside the IP system" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/international-european-cooperation/organisations" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/international-european-cooperation/organisations" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/446599">Co-operation with international organisations outside the IP system</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" data-title="European Patent Academy" data-url="/en/about-us/services-and-activities/academy" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu European Patent Academy" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> European 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data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1169507">Strategic key performance indicators</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Goal 1: Engaged and empowered" data-url="/en/about-us/transparency-portal/general/annual-review-2023/goal-1" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/transparency-portal/general/annual-review-2023/goal-1" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1160716">Goal 1: Engaged and empowered</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Goal 2: Digital transformation" data-url="/en/about-us/transparency-portal/general/annual-review-2023/goal-2" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/transparency-portal/general/annual-review-2023/goal-2" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1169884">Goal 2: Digital transformation</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Goal 3: Master quality" 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data-title="Foreword" data-url="/en/about-us/transparency-portal/general/annual-review-2022/foreword" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/transparency-portal/general/annual-review-2022/foreword" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/556717">Foreword</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Executive summary" data-url="/en/about-us/transparency-portal/general/annual-review-2022/executive-summary" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/transparency-portal/general/annual-review-2022/executive-summary" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/556720">Executive summary</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Goal 1: Engaged and empowered" data-url="/en/about-us/transparency-portal/general/annual-review-2022/goal-1" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/transparency-portal/general/annual-review-2022/goal-1" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/558649">Goal 1: Engaged and empowered</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Goal 2: Digital transformation" data-url="/en/about-us/transparency-portal/general/annual-review-2022/goal-2" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/transparency-portal/general/annual-review-2022/goal-2" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/558667">Goal 2: Digital transformation</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Goal 3: Master quality" data-url="/en/about-us/transparency-portal/general/annual-review-2022/goal-3" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/transparency-portal/general/annual-review-2022/goal-3" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/560548">Goal 3: Master quality</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Goal 4: Partner for positive impact" 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href="/en/about-us/statistics/patent-index-2023/statistics-and-indicators/european-patent-applications/top-10-technical-fields/transport" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1088758">Transport</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Pharmaceuticals" data-url="/en/about-us/statistics/patent-index-2023/statistics-and-indicators/european-patent-applications/top-10-technical-fields/pharmaceuticals" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/statistics/patent-index-2023/statistics-and-indicators/european-patent-applications/top-10-technical-fields/pharmaceuticals" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1088759">Pharmaceuticals</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Biotechnology" data-url="/en/about-us/statistics/patent-index-2023/statistics-and-indicators/european-patent-applications/top-10-technical-fields/biotechnology" data-elastic-exclude> <a 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data-title="Applicants" data-url="/en/about-us/statistics/patent-index-2023/statistics-and-indicators/applicants" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Applicants" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Applicants </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Top 50" data-url="/en/about-us/statistics/patent-index-2023/statistics-and-indicators/applicants/top-50" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/statistics/patent-index-2023/statistics-and-indicators/applicants/top-50" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1092636">Top 50</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Categories" data-url="/en/about-us/statistics/patent-index-2023/statistics-and-indicators/applicants/categories" 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class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/323392">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="1970s" data-url="/en/about-us/timeline/1970s" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/timeline/1970s" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/323098">1970s</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="1980s" data-url="/en/about-us/timeline/1980s" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/timeline/1980s" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/323122">1980s</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="1990s" data-url="/en/about-us/timeline/1990s" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/timeline/1990s" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/323185">1990s</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="2000s" 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collection </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Overview" data-url="/en/about-us/art" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/art" class="hide-in-sidebar nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/284977">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="The collection" data-url="/en/about-us/art/about" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/art/about" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/376330">The collection</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Let's talk about art" data-url="/en/about-us/art/lets-talk-about-art" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/art/lets-talk-about-art" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/285046">Let's talk about art</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Artists" data-url="/en/about-us/art/collection" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/art/collection" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/285031">Artists</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Media library" data-url="/en/about-us/art/art-film" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/art/art-film" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/285055">Media library</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="What's on" data-url="/en/about-us/art/whats-on" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/art/whats-on" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/285049">What's on</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Publications" data-url="/en/about-us/art/publications" data-elastic-exclude> <a 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data-url="/en/about-us/art/50-years-epc-exhibition/catalyst-lab-curated-ars-electronica" data-elastic-exclude> <span tabindex="0" class="nav-item dropdown nav-link" title="Expand menu Catalyst lab & Deep vision" aria-expanded='false' data-elastic-exclude> Catalyst lab & Deep vision </span> <a class="dropdown-icon"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <li> <a class="menu-back"> </a> <span class="go-back" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude> Go back </span> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Irene Sauter (DE)" data-url="/en/about-us/art/50-years-epc-exhibition/catalyst-lab-curated-ars-electronica/fragment-927" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/art/50-years-epc-exhibition/catalyst-lab-curated-ars-electronica/fragment-927" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1222041">Irene Sauter (DE)</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="AVPD (DK)" data-url="/en/about-us/art/50-years-epc-exhibition/catalyst-lab-curated-ars-electronica/transparency-blackyellowblack" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/art/50-years-epc-exhibition/catalyst-lab-curated-ars-electronica/transparency-blackyellowblack" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1222042">AVPD (DK)</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Jan Robert Leegte (NL)" data-url="/en/about-us/art/50-years-epc-exhibition/catalyst-lab-curated-ars-electronica/underwater-landscape-trenches-islands" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/art/50-years-epc-exhibition/catalyst-lab-curated-ars-electronica/underwater-landscape-trenches-islands" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1222043">Jan Robert Leegte (NL)</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Jānis Dzirnieks (LV) #1" data-url="/en/about-us/art/50-years-epc-exhibition/catalyst-lab-curated-ars-electronica/untitled-1" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/art/50-years-epc-exhibition/catalyst-lab-curated-ars-electronica/untitled-1" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1222044">Jānis Dzirnieks (LV) #1</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Jānis Dzirnieks (LV) #2" data-url="/en/about-us/art/50-years-epc-exhibition/catalyst-lab-curated-ars-electronica/untitled-2" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/art/50-years-epc-exhibition/catalyst-lab-curated-ars-electronica/untitled-2" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1222045">Jānis Dzirnieks (LV) #2</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Péter Szalay (HU)" data-url="/en/about-us/art/50-years-epc-exhibition/catalyst-lab-curated-ars-electronica/24-hours-sculpture" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/art/50-years-epc-exhibition/catalyst-lab-curated-ars-electronica/24-hours-sculpture" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1222046">Péter Szalay (HU)</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Thomas Feuerstein (AT)" data-url="/en/about-us/art/50-years-epc-exhibition/catalyst-lab-curated-ars-electronica/thesaurus" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/art/50-years-epc-exhibition/catalyst-lab-curated-ars-electronica/thesaurus" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1222047">Thomas Feuerstein (AT)</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Tom Burr (US)" data-url="/en/about-us/art/50-years-epc-exhibition/catalyst-lab-curated-ars-electronica/folding-screen" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/art/50-years-epc-exhibition/catalyst-lab-curated-ars-electronica/folding-screen" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1222048">Tom Burr (US)</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Wolfgang Tillmans (DE)" data-url="/en/about-us/art/50-years-epc-exhibition/catalyst-lab-curated-ars-electronica/paper-drop" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/art/50-years-epc-exhibition/catalyst-lab-curated-ars-electronica/paper-drop" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1222049">Wolfgang Tillmans (DE)</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="TerraPort" data-url="/en/about-us/art/50-years-epc-exhibition/catalyst-lab-curated-ars-electronica/terraport" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/art/50-years-epc-exhibition/catalyst-lab-curated-ars-electronica/terraport" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/795490">TerraPort</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Unfinished Sculpture - Captives #1" data-url="/en/about-us/art/50-years-epc-exhibition/catalyst-lab-curated-ars-electronica/unfinished-sculpture-captives-1" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/art/50-years-epc-exhibition/catalyst-lab-curated-ars-electronica/unfinished-sculpture-captives-1" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/795493">Unfinished Sculpture - Captives #1</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Deep vision – immersive exhibition" data-url="/en/about-us/art/50-years-epc-exhibition/catalyst-lab-curated-ars-electronica/black-box-deep-vision" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/art/50-years-epc-exhibition/catalyst-lab-curated-ars-electronica/black-box-deep-vision" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/795499">Deep vision – immersive exhibition</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Previous exhibitions" data-url="/en/about-us/art/50-years-epc-exhibition/catalyst-lab-curated-ars-electronica/previous-exhibitions" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/art/50-years-epc-exhibition/catalyst-lab-curated-ars-electronica/previous-exhibitions" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1217473">Previous exhibitions</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="The European Patent Journey" data-url="/en/about-us/art/50-years-epc-exhibition/european-patent-journey" data-elastic-exclude> <a href="/en/about-us/art/50-years-epc-exhibition/european-patent-journey" class="nav-item nav-link" tabindex="0" data-elastic-exclude="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/795502">The European Patent Journey</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" data-title="Sustaining life. 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lc-container-cols lc-inline_row-edit"> <div class="lc-inline_column_first-edit layoutcomponent-column col-sm-12 col-md-12 col-lg-12" style="z-index: 1"> <div data-region="first" class="layout-builder__region js-layout-builder-region lc-inline_column_first-content-edit"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-field-blocknodepagetitle"> <h1>Completed research projects</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="lc-section lc-section-296 layoutcomponents-one-column container lc-inline_section-edit" style="height: auto"> <div class="lc-inline_container-section-edit"> <div class="row lc-container-cols lc-inline_row-edit"> <div class="lc-inline_column_first-edit layoutcomponent-column col-sm-12 col-md-12 col-lg-12" style="z-index: 1"> <div data-region="first" class="layout-builder__region js-layout-builder-region lc-inline_column_first-content-edit"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-field-blocknodepagebody"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2 id="research-project-grants-2020">Research project grants 2020</h2> <p>The following four research projects were awarded funding in 2020.</p> <dl class="ckeditor-accordion"> <dt>The impact of research grants on publications and patents across disciplines</dt> <dd> <p>Using a unique dataset of grant applications to the Research Council of Norway across all academic fields, the project will track patented innovation linked to the research grants, and derive implications on how the design of research funding can be improved to increase its impact on innovation.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Lead applicant</th> <th>University</th> <th>Thematic area</th> <th>Download the research report</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Marco Ottaviani</td> <td>Bocconi University, IT</td> <td>Role of IP in investment activities; Patents and the IP bundle; Advanced use of PATSTAT, patent searching, and analytics</td> <td><a class="icon-link_document" href="https://link.epo.org/elearning/ARP2020_Ottaviani_en.pdf">The impact of research grants on publications and patents across disciplines</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </dd> <dt>Enabling distributed manufacturing through the patent system</dt> <dd> <p>Project stopped</p> </dd> <dt>Government-sponsored research and technical standards: Evidence from standard-essential patents</dt> <dd> <p>Using a novel dataset linking declared-SEPs to different sources of government contribution, this project will assess the importance of government-sponsored research for SEPs and its impact on the development of technical standards.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Lead applicant</th> <th>University</th> <th>Thematic area</th> <th>Download the research report</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Emilio Raiteri</td> <td>Eindhoven University, NL</td> <td>Role of IP in technology transfer, commercialisation, and/or investment activities</td> <td><a class="icon-link_document" href="https://link.epo.org/elearning/ARP2020_Raiteri_en.pdf">Government-sponsored research and technical standards: Evidence from standard-essential patents</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </dd> <dt>Linking patents to scientific publications through in-text reference mining</dt> <dd> <p>The project will create a public database linking patents to scientific publications, using a high-performing text mining method to extract patent in-text references. As a result, it will make it possible for researchers to analyse the impact of scientific research on industry innovation.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Lead applicant</th> <th>University</th> <th>Thematic area</th> <th>Download the research report</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Jian Wang</td> <td>Leiden University, NL</td> <td>Advanced use of PATSTAT, patent searching, and analytics (e.g. classification, potential of IP linked open data</td> <td><a class="icon-link_document" href="https://link.epo.org/elearning/ARP2020_Wang_en.pdf">Linking patents to scientific publications through in-text reference mining</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p> </p> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="research-project-grants-2019">Research project grants 2019</h2> <p>The following four research projects were awarded funding in 2019.</p> <dl class="ckeditor-accordion"> <dt>Patents as a source of finance to mitigate financing constraints</dt> <dd> <p>The purpose of this project is to collect data on patents that were used as collateral in loan negotiations in four countries (Sweden, the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg) where it is mandatory to report to the local patent authority if intellectual property rights have been pledged. In addition, it is proposed to conduct an economic analysis of pledged patents in order to shed some light on 1. how frequently are patents used as collateral, 2. which patents are used as collateral, 3. which type of firms pledge patents, 4. whether we can use pledged patents to estimate their value through firms’ debt levels, and 5. whether patent–pledging is effective in mitigating financing constraints of corresponding firms significantly.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Lead applicant</th> <th>University</th> <th>Thematic area</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Dirk Czarnitzki</td> <td>KU Leuven, BE</td> <td>The role of patents in technology transfer, commercialisation, and/or investment decisions</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p> </p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Podcast</th> <th>Download the research report</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><a class="icon-link_external" href="https://spotifyanchor-web.app.link/e/oAwO0fncvtb" target="_blank">Listen to the podcast</a></td> <td><a class="icon-link_document" href="https://documents.epo.org/projects/babylon/eponet.nsf/0/C1DA39F16C29E8F3C125887E004CF8A7/$File/ARP2019_Czarnitzki_en.pdf" target="_blank" title="2019 research projects final papers">Patents as a source of finance to mitigate financing constraints</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </dd> <dt>From patents to trademarks: towards a concordance map</dt> <dd> <p>The aim of this project is to link patent to trademark data by mapping patent classes (IPC codes) to trademark classes (Nice codes and the keywords in the detailed goods and services descriptors). The main scientific objective of this project is threefold: 1. to develop a concordance map between patent and trademark classes, 2. to validate it extensively using complementary data sources and alternative techniques, and 3. to illustrate its use for cleantech patents. By focusing on classification systems, we aim at capturing the qualities of technological and market specialisation patterns. In this respect, the envisioned concordance map would allow to tackle three types of research questions.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Lead applicant</th> <th>University</th> <th>Thematic area</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Carolina Castaldi</td> <td>Utrecht University, NL</td> <td>Advanced use of PATSTAT, patent searching, and analytics (e.g. classification, potential of IP linked open data</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2> </h2> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Podcast</th> <th>Download the research report</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><a class="icon-link_external" href="https://spotifyanchor-web.app.link/e/SHvt2eG55sb" target="_blank">Listen to the podcast</a></td> <td><a class="icon-link_document" href="https://documents.epo.org/projects/babylon/eponet.nsf/0/C1DA39F16C29E8F3C125887E004CF8A7/$File/ARP2019_Castaldi_en.pdf" target="_blank" title="2019 research projects final papers">From patents to trademarks: towards a concordance map</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </dd> <dt>Understanding the business value of SMEs' patent portfolio: an artificial intelligence-based approach</dt> <dd> <p>The project’s primary goal is to assess and forecast the commercial value of SMEs’ patents measuring the proximity between their portfolio and their business model. With the use of artificial intelligence methodologies, the project aims to: 1. identify the closeness of firms’ business model developments from their technological footprint (patents) 2. predict the success likelihood of a specific business model applied to a given patent and 3. suggest alternative business models more in line with the patent portfolio characteristics. The project relies on original and relatively rare data regarding company business models disclosed directly by SMEs extracted from funding applications, submitted during the period 2014 to 2019, to the Horizon 2020 SME Instrument (SMEi) programme.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Lead applicant</th> <th>University</th> <th>Thematic area</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Alberto Di Minin</td> <td>Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, IT</td> <td>The role of patents in technology transfer, commercialisation, and/or investment decisions</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p> </p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Podcast</th> <th>Download the research report</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><a class="icon-link_external" href="https://spotifyanchor-web.app.link/e/deRaHiMFQtb" target="_blank">Listen to the podcast</a></td> <td><a class="icon-link_document" href="https://documents.epo.org/projects/babylon/eponet.nsf/0/C1DA39F16C29E8F3C125887E004CF8A7/$File/ARP2019_Di_Minin_en.pdf" target="_blank" title="2019 research projects final papers">Understanding the business value of SMEs' patent portfolio: an artificial intelligence-based approach</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </dd> <dt>The role of the interplay between science and invention networks in knowledge cohesion: evidence from European regions</dt> <dd> <p>The project aims to analyse international collaborations in science and inventive activity and investigate how the landscape of knowledge production in Europe has changed over the past 25 years. The aim is to analyse to what extent collaborations in science and collaborations in patents are related at regional level. These collaborations can be set up by researchers, universities and firms, and governments fund such collaborative initiatives (e.g., EU’s Framework Programmes). Thus, both academics and policymakers will benefit from knowing the impact of collaborations in research and patents. The project has four research questions: 1. do patent and research networks in Europe have similar dynamics?, 2. do patents have any impact on the formation and evolution of research networks?, 3. do the innovation performances of regions affect the formation and evolution of research networks?, and 4. do the innovation performances of regions affect the formation and evolution of patent networks?</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Lead applicant</th> <th>University</th> <th>Thematic area</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Semih Akçomak</td> <td>Middle East Technical University, TR</td> <td>Measuring the impact of patents on innovation</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p> </p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Podcast</th> <th>Download the research report</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><a class="icon-link_external" href="https://spotifyanchor-web.app.link/e/zBd76sSnYub" target="_blank">Listen to the podcast</a></td> <td><a class="icon-link_document" href="https://documents.epo.org/projects/babylon/eponet.nsf/0/C1DA39F16C29E8F3C125887E004CF8A7/$File/ARP2019_Akcomak_en.pdf" target="_blank" title="2019 research projects final papers">The role of the interplay between science and invention networks in knowledge cohesion: evidence from European regions</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="research-project-grants-2018">Research project grants 2018</h2> <p>The following five research projects were awarded funding in 2018:</p> <dl class="ckeditor-accordion"> <dt>Approximating the standard-essentiality of patents – a semantics-based analysis</dt> <dd> <p>The development of interoperability standards such as WiFi or 5G in information and communication technologies typically requires massive investments in R&D. It therefore generates large portfolios of related patents, part of which are standard-essential patents (SEPs) that are by definition infringed whenever the respective standard is implemented. This research project develops a novel method based on semantic data analysis to detect such standard essential patents. It provides valuable insights into the patent landscape around major ICT standard while enhancing transparency for the licensing of SEPs.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Lead applicant</th> <th>University</th> <th>Thematic area</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Dietmar Harhoff</td> <td>Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition, DE</td> <td>Advanced use of PATSTAT, patent searching, and analytics (e.g. classification, potential of IP linked open data)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p> </p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Podcast</th> <th>Download the research report</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <figure> <figcaption><a class="icon-link_external" href="https://anchor.fm/european-patent-office/episodes/Research-into-Patents-Drilling-deeper-on-the-standard-essentiality-of-SPEs-eqfqom">Listen to the podcast</a></figcaption> </figure> </td> <td><a class="icon-link_document" href="https://documents.epo.org/projects/babylon/eponet.nsf/0/FD9B4950FFA72013C125867D0059FFAD/$File/ARP2018_Harhoff_en.pdf" target="_blank">Approximating the standard-essentiality of patents – a semantics-based analysis</a> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p> </p> </dd> <dt>IP Linked Open Data: building bridges (IP LodB)</dt> <dd> <p>The project capitalises on Linked Open Data to build bridges between patent data and information on scientific knowledge, scientists and organisations. As main outputs the IP LodB project produced an intellectual property rights linked open data (LOD) map (IP LodB Map), tested the linkability of the EPO’s patent LOD database with Springer Nature, and constructed a new IPLOD database/dataset that has been made available for use by the research community.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Lead applicant</th> <th>University</th> <th>Thematic area</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Dolores Modic</td> <td>Nord University, NO</td> <td>Advanced use of PATSTAT, patent searching, and analytics (e.g. classification, potential of IP linked open data)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p> </p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Podcast</th> <th>Download the research report</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <figure> <figcaption><a class="icon-link_external" href="https://anchor.fm/european-patent-office/episodes/Research-into-Patents-Building-bridges-with-IP-Linked-Open-Data-eras13">Listen to the podcast </a></figcaption> </figure> </td> <td><a class="icon-link_document" href="https://documents.epo.org/projects/babylon/eponet.nsf/0/FD9B4950FFA72013C125867D0059FFAD/$File/ARP2018_Modic_en.pdf" target="_blank">IP Linked Open Data: building bridges (IP LodB)</a> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </dd> <dt>Mapping green trajectories in the universal network of patent citations</dt> <dd> <p>Building upon the evolutionary concept of technological trajectories and computational tools to identify such trajectories, the project maps the entire contents of EPO patent citations in the PatStat database. The findings focus in particular on green technologies. They show that progress in such technologies is strongly intertwined with developments in non-green technologies and shall be understood as such by policy makers.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Lead applicant</th> <th>University</th> <th>Thematic area</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Z. Önder Nomaler</td> <td>Maastricht Economic Research Institute on innovation and Technology – MERIT, NL</td> <td>Patents and climate change mitigation technologies</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p> </p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Podcast</th> <th>Download the research report</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <figure> <figcaption><a class="icon-link_external" href="https://anchor.fm/european-patent-office/episodes/Research-into-Patents-Following-trajectories-of-green-technology-patents-eras6k">Listen to the podcast</a></figcaption> </figure> </td> <td><a class="icon-link_document" href="https://documents.epo.org/projects/babylon/eponet.nsf/0/FD9B4950FFA72013C125867D0059FFAD/$File/ARP2018_Nomaler_en.pdf" target="_blank">Mapping green trajectories in the universal network of patent citations</a> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p> </p> </dd> <dt>Traditional industries and the Fourth Industrial Revolution: new trends in the creation and protection of innovation in the global automotive industry</dt> <dd> <p>This project investigates how the emergence of 4IR-related technologies is modifying the positions of incumbents and new entrants in the automotive industry. For this purpose, it maps and analyses the evolution of the industry’s knowledge base by reconstructing the portfolio of patent families of the top 25 automotive manufacturers and the top 100 automotive suppliers over a 25-year period of analysis (1990-2014). 4IR technologies show a substantial patenting growth in the sector, especially after 2010. The 4IR knowledge base also differs from other established automotive technologies along several dimensions, including the way actors organise their 4IR knowledge sourcing and the patent filing strategies used to protect 4IR inventions.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Lead applicant</th> <th>University</th> <th>Thematic area</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Alessandra Perri</td> <td>Ca’ Foscari University, IT</td> <td>Patents, Artificial Intelligence and the Fourth Industrial Revolution</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p> </p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Podcast</th> <th>Download the research report</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <figure> <figcaption><a class="icon-link_external" href="https://anchor.fm/european-patent-office/episodes/Research-into-Patents-Automotive-patents-reveal-4IR-impact-eqfqud">Listen to the podcast</a></figcaption> </figure> </td> <td><a class="icon-link_document" href="https://documents.epo.org/projects/babylon/eponet.nsf/0/FD9B4950FFA72013C125867D0059FFAD/$File/ARP2018_Perri_en.pdf" target="_blank">Traditional industries and the Fourth Industrial Revolution: new trends in the creation and protection of innovation in the global automotive industry</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p> </p> </dd> <dt>University research funding, patenting and technological impact</dt> <dd> <p>This project studies the interplay between universities and firms located in the same European regions. A first line of research analyses the evolution of the technological trajectories of universities and co-localised firms. By linking evolution patterns to the overall innovation performance of the regions, it provides useful insights for smart specialisation policies in European regions. A second line of research analyses the impact of 3 697 scientific research grants awarded by the European Research Council (ERC) on the subsequent patents induced by the grant programs, thereby documenting the ability of the scheme to generate market-relevant inventions.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Lead applicant</th> <th>University</th> <th>Thematic area</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Giuseppe Scellato</td> <td>Polytechnic University of Turin, IT</td> <td>Use of patents by SMEs and universities in Europe</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p> </p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Podcast</th> <th>Download the research report</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <figure> <figcaption><a class="icon-link_external" href="https://anchor.fm/european-patent-office/episodes/Research-into-Patents-FP7---more-patents-than-meet-the-eye-eqfqs0">Listen to the podcast</a></figcaption> </figure> </td> <td> <p><a class="icon-link_document" href="https://documents.epo.org/projects/babylon/eponet.nsf/0/FD9B4950FFA72013C125867D0059FFAD/$File/ARP2018_Scellato_en.pdf" target="_blank">University research funding, patenting and technological impact</a> </p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p> </p> </dd> </dl> <h2 id="research-project-grants-2017">Research project grants 2017</h2> <p>The following six research projects were awarded funding in 2017:</p> <dl class="ckeditor-accordion"> <dt>Innovation and technological content of imports</dt> <dd> <p>Innovation in one nation benefits others as it diffuses. While there is strong evidence linking the adoption of foreign innovations to international trade, there is as yet no evidence on how trade generates links to foreign innovations which promote new local innovations. To bridge this knowledge gap we used a proprietary dataset linking trade in products to technology classes, providing a state-of-the-art measure of the innovation content of trade. Furthermore, we examined how this knowledge content and thus the encouragement of new innovations are impacted by intellectual property rights driven trade policies such as the WTO's TRIPS agreement.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Lead applicant</th> <th>University</th> <th>Thematic area</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Igor Bagayev</td> <td>University College Dublin, IE</td> <td>Patents, trade and foreign direct investment</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p><a class="icon-link_document" href="https://documents.epo.org/projects/babylon/eponet.nsf/0/A69432F980D71284C12584F5003DE05C/$File/ARP_report_Bagayev_en.pdf">Innovation and technological content of imports</a> </p> </dd> <dt>Financing innovation in Europe</dt> <dd> <p>This research project establishes a link between financial constraints and corporate innovation in 15 European countries by analysing the impact of exogenous shocks on firms’ lending channels for their innovative activities. In order to infer causal relationships, the process of European financial integration in the early 2000s has been exploited as a quasi-natural experimental setup. The analysis used direct, quality-related measures of innovation based on patent information to assess the impact of financial constraints on innovative efficiency.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Lead applicant</th> <th>University</th> <th>Thematic area</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>David Heller</td> <td>Goethe University Frankfurt, DE</td> <td>SMEs</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p><a class="icon-link_document" href="https://documents.epo.org/projects/babylon/eponet.nsf/0/A69432F980D71284C12584F5003DE05C/$File/ARP_report_Heller_en.pdf">Financing innovation in Europe</a></p> </dd> <dt>Innovation in climate change mitigation technologies and environmental regulation</dt> <dd> <p>The scientific evidence for human induced climate change and environmental degradation is unequivocal. Accelerating the development of climate change mitigation technologies (CCMTs) is a key challenge to temper the costs associated with climate change and air pollution. This project investigated the impact of environmental policies on innovation activities in general, and CCMTs in particular. The methodology used original data at the regional level on environmental measures implemented to decrease air pollution in the European Union and data on patents relating to CCMT (and non-CCMT). A quasi diff-in-diff setting and an instrumental variable approach have been used to identify the influence of a stricter environmental policy on different patterns of innovation activity.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Lead applicant</th> <th>University</th> <th>Thematic area</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Julie Lochard</td> <td>Paris-Est Créteil University, FR</td> <td>Climate change mitigation technologies</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p><a class="icon-link_document" href="https://documents.epo.org/projects/babylon/eponet.nsf/0/A69432F980D71284C12584F5003DE05C/$File/ARP_report_Lochard_en.pdf">Innovation in climate change mitigation technologies and environmental regulation</a> </p> </dd> <dt>CAPPA – Career paths of patent attorneys</dt> <dd> <p>Patent attorneys have played an important role within the patent system for decades, but their role in sharing knowledge e.g. as they change jobs and interact with others has not previously been investigated in any detail. A comprehensive and current dataset about the activities and mobility of the patent attorneys has been missing. Based on preliminary work in the IP industry the project enabled the creation of a dataset of the career paths of all patent attorneys who have served as representatives before the EPO in the last ten years. This dataset, the EPAC, will be regularly updated and published as open data. It can be applied to identified career patterns of patent attorneys having a positive effect on the individual and firm success.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Lead applicant</th> <th>University</th> <th>Thematic area</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Lutz Maicher</td> <td>Friedrich Schiller University Jena, DE</td> <td>Patent services and intermediaries</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p><a class="icon-link_document" href="https://documents.epo.org/projects/babylon/eponet.nsf/0/A69432F980D71284C12584F5003DE05C/$File/ARP_report_Maicher_en.pdf">CAPPA – Career paths of patent attorneys</a></p> </dd> <dt>Insights from product-patent correspondence</dt> <dd> <p>This project has used data science tools to build a database that tracks innovations into the marketplace. Specifically, new software has been developed to harvest data on products from the web, which could be directly traced to identifiable European patents. These data can be employed to advance our understanding of patent valuation and the patent prosecution process.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Lead applicant</th> <th>University</th> <th>Thematic area</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Gaétan de Rassenfosse</td> <td>Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH</td> <td>Advanced use of PATSTAT</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p><a class="icon-link_document" href="https://documents.epo.org/projects/babylon/eponet.nsf/0/A69432F980D71284C12584F5003DE05C/$File/ARP_report_De_Rassenfosse_en.pdf">Insights from product-patent correspondence</a> </p> </dd> <dt>Knowledge spillovers from product and process inventions and their impact on firm performance</dt> <dd> <p>This research project aims at the large-scale categorisation of ‘technological fields’ to distinguish between process inventions and product inventions. Text searching methods have been applied to validate the resulting classifications, which will be made publicly available. The patent records have been coded to enable the identification and analysis of technological life-cycles following the introduction of product and process inventions. A second, analytical part of the project characterises different forms of spillovers related to products and processes and analyses their impacts on: i) innovation performance; ii) research or productivity; and iii) entry/exit in technological fields.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Lead applicant</th> <th>University</th> <th>Thematic area</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Martin Wörter</td> <td>ETH Zurich, CH</td> <td>Advanced use of PATSTAT</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p><a class="icon-link_document" href="https://documents.epo.org/projects/babylon/eponet.nsf/0/A69432F980D71284C12584F5003DE05C/$File/ARP_report_Woerter_en.pdf">Knowledge spillovers from product and process inventions and their impact on firm performance</a> </p> </dd> </dl> <div class="ckeditor-template ckeditor-template-media-text ckeditor-template-media-text-2-col"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6"> <div class="ratio portrait-image"> </div> <div 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