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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Permissive waste</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Permissive_waste-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ameliorative_waste" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ameliorative_waste"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ameliorative waste</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ameliorative_waste-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ameliorative waste subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ameliorative_waste-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Example" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Example"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Example</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Example-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exceptions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exceptions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Exceptions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exceptions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equitable_waste" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equitable_waste"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Equitable waste</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Equitable_waste-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Remedies_for_waste" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Remedies_for_waste"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Remedies for waste</span> </div> </a> <ul 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For similar terms with different meanings, see <a href="/wiki/Waste_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Waste (disambiguation)">Waste (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Waste_(law)" title="Special:EditPage/Waste (law)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Waste%22+law">"Waste" law</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Waste%22+law+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Waste%22+law&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Waste%22+law+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Waste%22+law">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Waste%22+law&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1202158006">.mw-parser-output .law-sidebar .sidebar-heading{background:#aaddff;color:#000}.mw-parser-output .law-sidebar .sidebar-above{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .law-sidebar .sidebar-below{padding:0.4em;border-top:1px #aaa solid;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist law-sidebar"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Property_law" title="Property law">Property law</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Property_Law_-_Gavel_and_Block_and_House_Keys.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Property_Law_-_Gavel_and_Block_and_House_Keys.jpg/150px-Property_Law_-_Gavel_and_Block_and_House_Keys.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Property_Law_-_Gavel_and_Block_and_House_Keys.jpg/225px-Property_Law_-_Gavel_and_Block_and_House_Keys.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Property_Law_-_Gavel_and_Block_and_House_Keys.jpg/300px-Property_Law_-_Gavel_and_Block_and_House_Keys.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2666" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> Part of the <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a> series</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Types</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personal_property" title="Personal property">Personal property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_property" title="Community property">Community property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_property" title="Real property">Real property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unowned_property" title="Unowned property">Unowned property</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Acquisition</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gift_(law)" title="Gift (law)">Gift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adverse_possession" title="Adverse possession">Adverse possession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deed" title="Deed">Deed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_conquest" title="Right of conquest">Conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_doctrine" title="Discovery doctrine">Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_(property_law)" title="Accession (property law)">Accession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost,_mislaid,_and_abandoned_property" title="Lost, mislaid, and abandoned property">Lost, mislaid, and abandoned property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasure_trove" title="Treasure trove">Treasure trove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailment" title="Bailment">Bailment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/License" title="License">License</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alienation_(property_law)" title="Alienation (property law)">Alienation</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Estate_in_land" title="Estate in land">Estates in land</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allodial_title" title="Allodial title">Allodial title</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fee_simple" title="Fee simple">Fee simple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fee_tail" title="Fee tail">Fee tail</a></li> <li><br /><a href="/wiki/Life_estate" title="Life estate">Life estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defeasible_estate" title="Defeasible estate">Defeasible estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_interest" title="Future interest">Future interest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Remainder_(law)" title="Remainder (law)">remainder</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_estate" title="Concurrent estate">Concurrent estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leasehold_estate" title="Leasehold estate">Leasehold estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condominium_(living_space)" class="mw-redirect" title="Condominium (living space)">Condominiums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate" title="Real estate">Real estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_tenure" title="Land tenure">Land tenure</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Conveyancing" title="Conveyancing">Conveyancing</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bona_fide_purchaser" title="Bona fide purchaser"><i>Bona fide</i> purchaser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrens_title" title="Torrens title">Torrens title</a></li> <li><br /><a href="/wiki/Strata_title" title="Strata title">Strata title</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deeds_registration" title="Deeds registration">Deeds registration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estoppel_by_deed" title="Estoppel by deed">Estoppel by deed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quitclaim" title="Quitclaim">Quitclaim deed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage_law" title="Mortgage law">Mortgage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equitable_conversion" title="Equitable conversion">Equitable conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiet_title" title="Quiet title">Action to quiet title</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escheat" title="Escheat">Escheat</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Future_interest" title="Future interest">Future use</a> control</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Restraint_on_alienation" title="Restraint on alienation">Restraint on alienation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_against_perpetuities" title="Rule against perpetuities">Rule against perpetuities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_in_Shelley%27s_Case" title="Rule in Shelley's Case">Rule in <i>Shelley's Case</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctrine_of_worthier_title" title="Doctrine of worthier title">Doctrine of worthier title</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Nonpossessory_interest_in_land" title="Nonpossessory interest in land">Nonpossessory interest</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lien" title="Lien">Lien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easement" title="Easement">Easement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profit_(real_property)" title="Profit (real property)">Profit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usufruct" title="Usufruct">Usufruct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_(law)" title="Covenant (law)">Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equitable_servitude" title="Equitable servitude">Equitable servitude</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Related topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fixture_(property_law)" title="Fixture (property law)">Fixtures</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_(law)" title="Partition (law)">Partition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Practicing_without_a_license" title="Practicing without a license">Practicing without a license</a></li> <li><br /><a href="/wiki/Property_rights_(economics)" title="Property rights (economics)">Property rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_rights" title="Mineral rights">Mineral rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_right" title="Water right">Water rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prior-appropriation_water_rights" title="Prior-appropriation water rights">prior appropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riparian_water_rights" title="Riparian water rights">riparian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_and_subjacent_support" title="Lateral and subjacent support">Lateral and subjacent support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assignment_(law)" title="Assignment (law)">Assignment</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nemo_dat_quod_non_habet" title="Nemo dat quod non habet">Nemo dat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quicquid_plantatur_solo,_solo_cedit" title="Quicquid plantatur solo, solo cedit">Quicquid plantatur</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_property_laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Conflict of property laws">Conflict of property laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackacre" title="Blackacre">Blackacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_deposit" title="Security deposit">Security deposit</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Other <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a> areas</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contract" title="Contract">Contract law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tort" title="Tort">Tort law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_(law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Will (law)">Wills</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trust_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Trust law">trusts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Administration_(probate_law)" title="Administration (probate law)">estates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_law" title="Criminal law">Criminal law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evidence_(law)" title="Evidence (law)">Evidence</a></li></ul> <hr /> <i>Higher category:</i> <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">Law</a> and <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">Common law</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Property_law" title="Template:Property law"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Property_law" title="Template talk:Property law"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Property_law" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Property law"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Waste</b> is a term used in <a href="/wiki/Property_law" title="Property law">property law</a> to describe a <a href="/wiki/Cause_of_action" title="Cause of action">cause of action</a> that can be brought in <a href="/wiki/Court" title="Court">court</a> to address a change in condition of <a href="/wiki/Real_property" title="Real property">real property</a> brought about by a current <a href="/wiki/Leasehold_estate" title="Leasehold estate">tenant</a> that damages or destroys the value of that property. A <a href="/wiki/Lawsuit" title="Lawsuit">lawsuit</a> for waste can be brought against a <a href="/wiki/Life_tenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Life tenant">life tenant</a> or lessee of a <a href="/wiki/Leasehold_estate" title="Leasehold estate">leasehold estate</a>, either by a current landlord or by the owner of a vested <a href="/wiki/Future_interest" title="Future interest">future interest</a>. The holder of an <a href="/wiki/Executory_interest" class="mw-redirect" title="Executory interest">executory interest</a>, however, has no standing to enforce an action for waste, since his future interest is not <a href="/wiki/Vesting" title="Vesting">vested</a>. There are several different kinds of waste under the law. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voluntary_waste">Voluntary waste</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waste_(law)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Voluntary waste"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Voluntary waste, (sometimes called <i>affirmative waste</i>) is any change made to the estate that intentionally or negligently causes harm to the estate or depletes its resources, unless this depletion is a continuation of a pre-existing use. Some jurisdictions follow what is called the <a href="/wiki/Open_mines_doctrine" title="Open mines doctrine">open mines doctrine</a>, which permits continued excavation from any mine on the property that is already open, but prohibits the opening of new mines. However, the majority of jurisdictions now follow a doctrine that allows <i>any</i> activity necessary to continue the exploitation of a particular resource, if the land has already been used for that purpose. </p> <dl><dd>Example: If there is a <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> mine on the land, the current tenant can continue the mining operation to the point of extracting all available copper. If there were no such mine there originally, and the lease did not anticipate the mine, excavating property would constitute waste.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Permissive_waste">Permissive waste</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waste_(law)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Permissive waste"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Permissive waste is failure to maintain the estate, either physically or financially. Rather than requiring some bad act on the part of the tenant, this requires the failure to maintain ordinary <a href="/wiki/Home_repair" title="Home repair">repairs</a>, pay <a href="/wiki/Property_tax" title="Property tax">taxes</a>, or pay <a href="/wiki/Interest" title="Interest">interest</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Mortgage_loan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortgage loan">mortgage</a> by the life tenant or the lessee of a leasehold estate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ameliorative_waste">Ameliorative waste</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waste_(law)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ameliorative waste"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ameliorative waste is an improvement to an estate that changes its character even if the change increases the land's value. Under <a href="/wiki/English_law#Common_law" title="English law">English common law</a>, when ameliorative waste occurs, the interested party can recover from the tenant the cost of restoring the land to its original condition. This is based on traditional <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a> jurisprudence presuming that the grantor intended the property to be kept in its original condition. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Example">Example</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waste_(law)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Example"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Person A has a present <a href="/wiki/Life_estate" title="Life estate">life estate</a> to three acres of land with a beautiful forest and his family's historic home. Person B is willed to inherit the estate after A dies. B loves studying ancestry and hopes to one day live in the historic building on his family's land. Instead, A decides that the land would be more valuable as a nightclub and draws up a business plan to transform the old estate into a new late night hotspot. B can sue A for ameliorative waste and get an injunction preventing the construction of the club. Even if the club is set to make money and the old family house is a valueless wreck in terrible condition, B still has a right to stop A from improving the property. </p><p>If A does in fact build the club, then B can sue for the cost of demolishing the new structure and returning the land to its original condition. </p><p>In the United States, damages for ameliorative waste are generally not given, especially if the improvement to the property is likely to last a long time. The policy behind this change in common law is to encourage improvements and economic development, even at the cost of historical change. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exceptions">Exceptions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waste_(law)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Exceptions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is an exception to this doctrine where a long-term tenant makes a change that increases the value of the property in a way that reflects a change in the nature and character of neighboring properties. If a tenant tears down a house and builds a factory on property in an area in which residences have generally been replaced with industry, the tenant will not be liable for waste. </p><p>In <i>Melms v. Pabst Brewing Co.</i>, 79 N.W. 738 (Wis. 1899), the Pabst Brewing Company's plant encroached on a residential home. The owner of the home wanted to convert the land to commercial use but held an estate limiting the land to residential purposes. The court held that the neighboring properties had sufficiently changed the nature of the area and allowed the estate holder to convert the land despite the existence of potential ameliorative waste. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Equitable_waste">Equitable waste</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waste_(law)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Equitable waste"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under <a href="/wiki/English_law" title="English law">English law</a> and <a href="/wiki/Australian_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian law">Australian law</a>, equitable waste is waste that a life tenant has a right to commit at common law but is restrained by a <a href="/wiki/Court_of_equity" title="Court of equity">court of equity</a>. This doctrine fits under the broader framework of equity, in which a legal right to do something is not so unrestrained that it is impossible to abuse that right. A life tenant who is granted an estate "without impeachment of waste" (may not be sued for waste) may not commit acts of flagrant destruction inconsistent with the fruitful use of the land. For example, a mansion may not be stripped of its glass, timber or pipes (<i>Vane v Lord barnard</i>), nor may trees of an ornamental value be cut down by the life tenant (<i>Turner v Wright</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Remedies_for_waste">Remedies for waste</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waste_(law)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Remedies for waste"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Where a <a href="/wiki/Court" title="Court">court</a> finds that a tenant is engaging in waste, there are a number of possible remedies which can be taken: </p> <ol><li>The court may award sufficient money damages to compensate the injured party for the loss resulting from the waste.</li> <li>The court may directly require the party responsible for the waste to restore the property to its original condition.</li> <li>The court may accelerate the passage of title in the land, divesting a tenant or life estate holder of the property and vesting it in the landlord or remainderman.</li></ol> <p><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a> has a particularly harsh remedy for voluntary waste. A person found to have committed voluntary waste without the written permission of the holder of the future interest is forced to pay <a href="/wiki/Treble_damages" title="Treble damages">treble damages</a> to the holder of the future interest, and the person's present interest (whether a life estate or a lease) is automatically terminated.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a> has two statutes that prescribe a harsh remedy for waste. There, a person found to have committed voluntary waste without the written permission of the holder of the future interest is forced to pay treble damages. In some cases, the plaintiff has been able to recover treble damages twice--once for voluntary waste and again for wantonly committed waste.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If the plaintiff can show that the defendant is currently engaged in voluntary or permissive waste of the land, the court may <a href="/wiki/Injunction" title="Injunction">enjoin</a> (or stop) the activity; however, courts are reluctant to enjoin ameliorative waste unless the property being destroyed has some unique historic value. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waste_(law)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estrepement" title="Estrepement">Estrepement</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waste_(law)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kentucky Revised Statutes Annotated § 381.350 (2006).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Missouri Revisited Statutes 537.420; 537.490 (for wantonly committed waste)</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Waste_(law)&oldid=1118036984">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Waste_(law)&oldid=1118036984</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Property_law" title="Category:Property law">Property law</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_August_2015" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from August 2015">Articles needing additional references from August 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 October 2022, at 21:32<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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