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Sandwell Hall - Wikipedia
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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sandwell_Hall&params=52_31_14_N_1_57_53_W_type:landmark_region:GB"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°31′14″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°57′53″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.52056°N 1.96472°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.52056; -1.96472</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Former mansion house near West Bromwich, UK</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Sandwell Hall</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Midlands_UK_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sandwell Hall is located in West Midlands county"><img alt="Sandwell Hall is located in West Midlands county" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/West_Midlands_UK_location_map.svg/240px-West_Midlands_UK_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/West_Midlands_UK_location_map.svg/360px-West_Midlands_UK_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/West_Midlands_UK_location_map.svg/480px-West_Midlands_UK_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="974" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:45.554%;left:31.132%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Sandwell Hall"><img alt="Sandwell Hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in West Midlands</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label">Site of <a href="/wiki/Sandwell_Priory" title="Sandwell Priory">Sandwell Priory</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Sandwell_Valley" title="Sandwell Valley">Sandwell Valley</a>, West Midlands<br /><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">grid reference</a> <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sandwell_Hall&params=52.520475_N_1.964586_W_region:GB_scale:25000">SP 025 914</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sandwell_Hall&params=52_31_14_N_1_57_53_W_type:landmark_region:GB"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°31′14″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°57′53″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.52056°N 1.96472°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.52056; -1.96472</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Completed</th><td class="infobox-data">1711</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Demolished</th><td class="infobox-data">1928</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Legge,_1st_Earl_of_Dartmouth" title="William Legge, 1st Earl of Dartmouth">William Legge, 1st Earl of Dartmouth</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">Design and construction</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Architect(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">William Smith of Tettenhall</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sandwell Hall</b> was a <a href="/wiki/English_country_house" title="English country house">mansion house</a> in the county of <a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(county)" title="West Midlands (county)">West Midlands</a> (originally in <a href="/wiki/Staffordshire" title="Staffordshire">Staffordshire</a>), England, about 1 mile (1.6 km) east of <a href="/wiki/West_Bromwich" title="West Bromwich">West Bromwich</a>. The site is within <a href="/wiki/Sandwell_Valley_Country_Park" title="Sandwell Valley Country Park">Sandwell Valley Country Park</a>. It was built in 1711 for <a href="/wiki/William_Legge,_1st_Earl_of_Dartmouth" title="William Legge, 1st Earl of Dartmouth">William Legge, 1st Earl of Dartmouth</a>, and demolished in 1928. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandwell_Hall&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Whorwood_family">Whorwood family</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandwell_Hall&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Whorwood family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The estate of Sandwell, formerly the property of <a href="/wiki/Sandwell_Priory" title="Sandwell Priory">Sandwell Priory</a>, was owned from 1531, shortly after the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Monasteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissolution of the Monasteries">Dissolution of the Monasteries</a>, by Dame Lucy Clifford; in 1569 they were purchased from her grandson by Robert Whorwood.<sup id="cite_ref-bho_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bho-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Priory House, created out of the original priory, was known as Sandwell Hall by 1611 when it was occupied by William Whorwood. His son, Thomas Whorwood, was knighted by <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">King James</a> in 1624. He was censured in the <a href="/wiki/Star_Chamber" title="Star Chamber">Star Chamber</a> in 1634 for having his bailiff kill a man at <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Norton" class="mw-redirect" title="King's Norton">King's Norton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thomas Whorwood had married Ursula Brome, their son Brome Whorwood (1615-1684) married <a href="/wiki/Jane_Whorwood" title="Jane Whorwood">Jane Ryder</a> in 1634. She became a spy for <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Earls_of_Dartmouth">Earls of Dartmouth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandwell_Hall&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Earls of Dartmouth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1701 <a href="/wiki/William_Legge,_1st_Earl_of_Dartmouth" title="William Legge, 1st Earl of Dartmouth">William, Baron Dartmouth</a> (1st Earl of Dartmouth from 1711) purchased the estate of Sandwell from Thomas Brome Whorwood, a descendant of Robert Whorwood.<sup id="cite_ref-bho_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bho-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Earl of Dartmouth had the house rebuilt, by William Smith of <a href="/wiki/Tettenhall" title="Tettenhall">Tettenhall</a>, a leading master-builder of the area. Construction began in 1705, and the brick-built hall, designed by Smith, was completed about 1711. Fragments of the priory house remained as parts of the new building.<sup id="cite_ref-bho_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bho-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-priory_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-priory-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The house was the favourite residence of <a href="/wiki/William_Legge,_2nd_Earl_of_Dartmouth" title="William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth">William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth</a>, grandson of the 1st Earl whom he succeeded in 1750. In the mid 18th century a park was created, and ponds, thought to have been part of the priory, were modified. In the early 19th century a portico was added to the house, and the house was extended on the west side. From 1853 <a href="/wiki/William_Legge,_5th_Earl_of_Dartmouth" title="William Legge, 5th Earl of Dartmouth">William Legge, 5th Earl of Dartmouth</a> lived at <a href="/wiki/Patshull_Hall" title="Patshull Hall">Patshull Hall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Staffordshire" title="Staffordshire">Staffordshire</a>; it is supposed that his move away was due to the industrial development of West Bromwich. Sandwell Hall was let for a short period to the industrialist <a href="/wiki/George_Muntz" title="George Muntz">George Muntz</a>, then was unoccupied.<sup id="cite_ref-bho_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bho-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-priory_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-priory-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_history">Later history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandwell_Hall&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1857 it became the Sandwell Hall Training Home, established "to receive children, more especially the orphans of the respectable poor, and train them for domestic service". The Earl and Countess of Dartmouth were Presidents of the charity.<sup id="cite_ref-training_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-training-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1860s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frances_Laetitia_Selwyn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frances Laetitia Selwyn (page does not exist)">Frances Laetitia Selwyn</a> was running an Anglican boarding school here and <a href="/wiki/A._M._Irvine" title="A. M. Irvine">A. M. Irvine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Florence_Gadesden" title="Florence Gadesden">Florence Gadesden</a> were notable pupils.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the time it closed in 1891 it had extended its range to governesses and even industrial jobs irrespective of gender.<sup id="cite_ref-bh_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bh-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Former_Gateway_to_Sandwell_Hall_(geograph_6092935).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Former_Gateway_to_Sandwell_Hall_%28geograph_6092935%29.jpg/170px-Former_Gateway_to_Sandwell_Hall_%28geograph_6092935%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Former_Gateway_to_Sandwell_Hall_%28geograph_6092935%29.jpg/255px-Former_Gateway_to_Sandwell_Hall_%28geograph_6092935%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Former_Gateway_to_Sandwell_Hall_%28geograph_6092935%29.jpg/340px-Former_Gateway_to_Sandwell_Hall_%28geograph_6092935%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The lodge of Sandwell Hall</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1898 it became a branch of <a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Hospital,_Winson_Green" title="All Saints' Hospital, Winson Green">Winson Green Asylum</a>, housing 150 inmates.<sup id="cite_ref-training_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-training-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1907 the Reverend <a href="/wiki/Harold_Burden" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold Burden">Harold Burden</a> and his wife Katherine opened the hall as an Industrial School for Mentally Defective Children, specified in 1908 to accommodate 200 boys. In 1913 the Burdens set up a trust to take over ownership of this and their other institutions. The school closed in 1921. The building, damaged by mining subsidence, was demolished in 1928.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Gatehouse" title="Gatehouse">lodge</a> of Sandwell Hall survives, within the roundabout of Junction 1 of the <a href="/wiki/M5_Motorway" class="mw-redirect" title="M5 Motorway">M5 Motorway</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">grid reference</a> <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sandwell_Hall&params=52.511578_N_1.974170_W_region:GB_scale:25000">SP 0185 9041</a></span>; it is a Grade II <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">listed building</a>. It is a <a href="/wiki/Pediment" title="Pediment">pedimented</a> gateway with <a href="/wiki/Doric_column" class="mw-redirect" title="Doric column">Doric columns</a>, thought to be built by William Smith; a curved flanking wall on its left also survives.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandwell_Hall&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bho-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bho_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bho_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bho_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bho_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/staffs/vol17/pp14-20">A P Baggs, G C Baugh and Johnston D A, "West Bromwich: Manors", in <i>A History of the County of Stafford: Volume 17, Offlow Hundred (Part), ed. M W Greenslade (London, 1976)</i>, pp. 14-20.</a> British History Online. Retrieved 4 September 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Nichols, <i>Progresses of James the First</i>, vol. 4 (London, 1828), p. 982.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1660-1690/member/whorwood-brome-1615-84">'Whorwood, Brome (1615-84)', <i>History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1660-1690</i>, ed. B.D. Henning, 1983</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-priory-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-priory_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-priory_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1017763" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1017763?section=official-list-entry">"Sandwell Priory, a Benedictine monastery (1017763)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Sandwell+Priory%2C+a+Benedictine+monastery+%281017763%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1017763%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASandwell+Hall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-training-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-training_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-training_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.childrenshomes.org.uk/WestBromwichSandwellTH/">"Sandwell Hall Training Home, West Bromwich, Staffordshire"</a> Children's Homes. Retrieved 4 September 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSondheimer2004" class="citation book cs1">Sondheimer, Janet (23 September 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-48569"><i>Gadesden [Gadsden], Florence Marie Armroid (1853–1934), headmistress</i></a>. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F48569">10.1093/ref:odnb/48569</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gadesden+%5BGadsden%5D%2C+Florence+Marie+Armroid+%281853%E2%80%931934%29%2C+headmistress&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004-09-23&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F48569&rft.aulast=Sondheimer&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F9780198614128.001.0001%2Fodnb-9780198614128-e-48569&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASandwell+Hall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bh-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bh_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/staffs/vol17/pp74-83">A History of the County of Stafford: Volume 17, Offlow Hundred (Part)</a>, british-history.ac.uk, Retrieved 13 March 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.childrenshomes.org.uk/WestBromwichSandwellMD/">"Sandwell Hall Special Industrial School for Mentally Defective Children"</a> Children's Homes. Retrieved 5 September 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1342673" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1342673?section=official-list-entry">"Arch lodge and flanking wall (Junction 1 M5 Motorway and A41) (1342673)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Arch+lodge+and+flanking+wall+%28Junction+1+M5+Motorway+and+A41%29+%281342673%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1342673%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASandwell+Hall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5dc468848‐kdlsq Cached time: 20241122224653 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.304 seconds Real time usage: 0.458 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2049/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 27913/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 5626/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 20111/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.191/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6064016/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 416.893 1 -total 38.85% 161.948 1 Template:Infobox_building 31.95% 133.200 1 Template:Infobox 29.31% 122.185 1 Template:Reflist 23.47% 97.833 2 Template:NHLE 17.63% 73.478 1 Template:Short_description 15.53% 64.737 1 Template:Location_map 11.21% 46.754 9 Template:Main_other 8.96% 37.360 2 Template:Pagetype 6.63% 27.641 1 Template:Convert --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:61705502-0!canonical and timestamp 20241122224653 and revision id 1258627803. 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