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<span>Function</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction_methods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction_methods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Construction methods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction_methods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_by_length" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_by_length"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>List by length</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_by_length-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Related Articles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_Articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="جسر كابولي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جسر كابولي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81" title="বহির্বাহু সেতু – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বহির্বাহু সেতু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pont_en_m%C3%A8nsula" title="Pont en mènsula – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pont en mènsula" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konzolov%C3%BD_most" title="Konzolový most – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Konzolový most" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantileverbro" title="Cantileverbro – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Cantileverbro" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auslegerbr%C3%BCcke" title="Auslegerbrücke – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Auslegerbrücke" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsoolsild" title="Konsoolsild – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Konsoolsild" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puente_en_m%C3%A9nsula" title="Puente en ménsula – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Puente en ménsula" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modilonponto" title="Modilonponto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Modilonponto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hegal-zubi" title="Hegal-zubi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hegal-zubi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84_%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="پل طره‌ای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پل طره‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pont_%C3%A0_poutres_en_porte-%C3%A0-faux" title="Pont à poutres en porte-à-faux – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pont à poutres en porte-à-faux" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte_a_sbalzo" title="Ponte a sbalzo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ponte a sbalzo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsolinis_tiltas" title="Konsolinis tiltas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Konsolinis tiltas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jambatan_julur" title="Jambatan julur – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jambatan julur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantileverbrug" title="Cantileverbrug – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cantileverbrug" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E6%A9%8B" title="ゲルバー橋 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ゲルバー橋" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritt_frambygg-bro" title="Fritt frambygg-bro – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fritt frambygg-bro" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritt_frambyggbru" title="Fritt frambyggbru – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fritt frambyggbru" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantilever_bridge" title="Cantilever bridge – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cantilever bridge" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konzolov%C3%BD_most" title="Konzolový most – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Konzolový most" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konzolni_most" title="Konzolni most – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Konzolni most" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsolbro" title="Konsolbro – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Konsolbro" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="สะพานยื่น – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สะพานยื่น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Bridge built using cantilevers</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cantilever_bridge&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Cantilever bridge</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pierre_Pflimlin_UC_AdjAndCrop.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Pierre Pflimlin Bridge is a balanced cantilever made of concrete, shown here under construction."><img alt="The Pierre Pflimlin Bridge is a balanced cantilever made of concrete, shown here under construction." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Pierre_Pflimlin_UC_AdjAndCrop.jpg/240px-Pierre_Pflimlin_UC_AdjAndCrop.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Pierre_Pflimlin_UC_AdjAndCrop.jpg/360px-Pierre_Pflimlin_UC_AdjAndCrop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Pierre_Pflimlin_UC_AdjAndCrop.jpg/480px-Pierre_Pflimlin_UC_AdjAndCrop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="889" data-file-height="400" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pflimlin_Bridge" title="Pierre Pflimlin Bridge">Pierre Pflimlin Bridge</a> is a balanced cantilever made of concrete, shown here under construction.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ancestor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Beam_bridge" title="Beam bridge">Beam bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Truss_bridge" title="Truss bridge">truss bridge</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Related</th><td class="infobox-data">None</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Descendant</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Swing_bridge" title="Swing bridge">Swing bridge</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Carries</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pedestrian" title="Pedestrian">Pedestrians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">automobiles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Truck" title="Truck">trucks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">light rail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heavy_rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Heavy rail">heavy rail</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Span range</th><td class="infobox-data">Medium</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Material</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">Iron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Structural_steel" title="Structural steel">structural steel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prestressed_concrete" title="Prestressed concrete">prestressed concrete</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Movable</th><td class="infobox-data">No</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Design effort</th><td class="infobox-data">Medium</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Falsework" title="Falsework">Falsework</a> required</th><td class="infobox-data">Very little to none</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>cantilever bridge</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Bridge" title="Bridge">bridge</a> built using structures that project horizontally into space, supported on only one end (called <a href="/wiki/Cantilever" title="Cantilever">cantilevers</a>). For small <a href="/wiki/Footbridges" class="mw-redirect" title="Footbridges">footbridges</a>, the cantilevers may be simple <a href="/wiki/Beam_(structure)" title="Beam (structure)">beams</a>; however, large cantilever bridges designed to handle road or rail traffic use <a href="/wiki/Truss" title="Truss">trusses</a> built from <a href="/wiki/Structural_steel" title="Structural steel">structural steel</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Box_girder" title="Box girder">box girders</a> built from <a href="/wiki/Prestressed_concrete" title="Prestressed concrete">prestressed concrete</a>. </p><p>The steel truss cantilever bridge was a major engineering breakthrough when first put into practice, as it can span distances of over 1,500 feet (450 m), and can be more easily constructed at difficult crossings by virtue of using little or no <a href="/wiki/Falsework" title="Falsework">falsework</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantilever_bridge&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tibetan_log_bridge.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Tibetan_log_bridge.JPG/220px-Tibetan_log_bridge.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Tibetan_log_bridge.JPG/330px-Tibetan_log_bridge.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Tibetan_log_bridge.JPG/440px-Tibetan_log_bridge.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The original style of cantilever bridge</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Civil_engineer" title="Civil engineer">Engineers</a> in the 19th century understood that a bridge that was continuous across multiple supports would distribute the loads among them. This would result in lower stresses in the girder or truss and meant that longer spans could be built.<sup id="cite_ref-dubois_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dubois-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 57, 190">: 57, 190 </span></sup> Several 19th-century engineers patented continuous bridges with <a href="/wiki/Hinge" title="Hinge">hinge</a> points mid-span.<sup id="cite_ref-bender_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bender-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 75, 79">: 75, 79 </span></sup> The use of a hinge in the multi-span system presented the advantages of a <a href="/wiki/Statically_determinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Statically determinate">statically determinate</a> system<sup id="cite_ref-delony_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-delony-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and of a bridge that could handle differential settlement of the foundations.<sup id="cite_ref-dubois_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dubois-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 190">: 190 </span></sup> Engineers could more easily calculate the forces and stresses with a hinge in the girder. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Gerber_(civil_engineer)" title="Heinrich Gerber (civil engineer)">Heinrich Gerber</a> was one of the engineers to obtain a patent for a hinged girder (1866) and is recognized as the first to build one. <sup id="cite_ref-bender_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bender-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 79">: 79 </span></sup> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassfurt_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hassfurt Bridge (page does not exist)">Hassfurt Bridge</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Main_(river)" title="Main (river)">Main</a> river in Germany with a central span of 124 feet (38 metres) was completed in 1867 and is recognized as the first modern cantilever bridge.<sup id="cite_ref-delony_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-delony-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: par. 2">: par. 2 </span></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cantilever_bridge_human_model.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Cantilever_bridge_human_model.jpg/250px-Cantilever_bridge_human_model.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Cantilever_bridge_human_model.jpg/375px-Cantilever_bridge_human_model.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Cantilever_bridge_human_model.jpg/500px-Cantilever_bridge_human_model.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2352" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>The structural principles of the suspended span cantilever bridge</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/High_Bridge_of_Kentucky" title="High Bridge of Kentucky">High Bridge of Kentucky</a> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=C._Shaler_Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C. Shaler Smith (page does not exist)">C. Shaler Smith</a> (1877), the <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Cantilever_Bridge" title="Niagara Cantilever Bridge">Niagara Cantilever Bridge</a> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Conrad_Schneider" title="Charles Conrad Schneider">Charles Conrad Schneider</a> (1883) and the <a href="/wiki/Poughkeepsie_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Poughkeepsie Bridge">Poughkeepsie Bridge</a> by John Francis O'Rourke and Pomeroy P. Dickinson (1889) were all important early uses of the cantilever design.<sup id="cite_ref-delony_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-delony-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: par. 3, 5">: par. 3, 5 </span></sup> The Kentucky River Bridge spanned a gorge that was 275 feet (84 metres) deep and took full advantage of the fact that falsework, or temporary support, is not needed for the main span of a cantilever bridge.<sup id="cite_ref-delony_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-delony-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: par. 3">: par. 3 </span></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Forth_Bridge" title="Forth Bridge">Forth Bridge</a> is a notable example of an early cantilever bridge. This bridge held the record for longest span in the world for twenty-nine years until it was surpassed by the <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Bridge" title="Quebec Bridge">Quebec Bridge</a>. The engineers responsible for the bridge, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Baker_(engineer)" title="Benjamin Baker (engineer)">Sir Benjamin Baker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Fowler,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir John Fowler, 1st Baronet">Sir John Fowler</a>, demonstrated the structural principles of the suspended span cantilever by sitting in chairs and supporting their colleague, <a href="/wiki/Kaichi_Watanabe" title="Kaichi Watanabe">Kaichi Watanabe</a>, in between them, using just their arms and wooden poles. The suspended span, where Watanabe sits, is in the center. The wooden poles resist the compression of the lower <a href="/wiki/Chord_(truss_construction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chord (truss construction)">chord</a>, while the outstretched arms support the tension of the upper chord. The placement of the brick counterweights demonstrates the action of the outer foundations.<sup id="cite_ref-delony_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-delony-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: par. 6">: par. 6 </span></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantilever_bridge&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Cantilever Bridge.—A structure at least one portion of which acts as an anchorage for sustaining another portion which extends beyond the supporting pier.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/John_Alexander_Low_Waddell" title="John Alexander Low Waddell">John Alexander Low Waddell</a>, Bridge Engineering<sup id="cite_ref-waddell_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-waddell-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>A simple cantilever span is formed by two cantilever arms extending from opposite sides of an obstacle to be crossed, meeting at the center. In a common variant, the <b>suspended span</b>, the cantilever arms do not meet in the center; instead, they support a central <a href="/wiki/Truss_bridge" title="Truss bridge">truss bridge</a> which rests on the ends of the cantilever arms. The suspended span may be built off-site and lifted into place, or constructed in place using special travelling supports. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CooperRiverBridge.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/CooperRiverBridge.svg/500px-CooperRiverBridge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/CooperRiverBridge.svg/750px-CooperRiverBridge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/CooperRiverBridge.svg/1000px-CooperRiverBridge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2163" data-file-height="966" /></a><figcaption>A diagram of the parts of the <a href="/wiki/John_P._Grace_Memorial_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="John P. Grace Memorial Bridge">John P. Grace Memorial Bridge</a> </figcaption></figure> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <p>A common way to construct steel truss and prestressed concrete cantilever spans is to counterbalance each cantilever arm with another cantilever arm projecting the opposite direction, forming a <b>balanced cantilever</b>; when they attach to a solid foundation, the counterbalancing arms are called <b>anchor arms</b>. Thus, in a bridge built on two foundation piers, there are four cantilever arms: two which span the obstacle, and two anchor arms that extend away from the obstacle. Because of the need for more strength at the balanced cantilever's supports, the bridge superstructure often<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> takes the form of towers above the foundation piers. The <a href="/wiki/Commodore_Barry_Bridge" title="Commodore Barry Bridge">Commodore Barry Bridge</a> is an example of this type of cantilever bridge. </p><p>Steel truss cantilevers support loads by <a href="/wiki/Tension_(mechanics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tension (mechanics)">tension</a> of the upper members and <a href="/wiki/Compression_(physical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Compression (physical)">compression</a> of the lower ones. Commonly, the structure distributes the tension via the anchor arms to the outermost supports, while the compression is carried to the foundations beneath the central towers. Many truss cantilever bridges use pinned joints and are therefore <a href="/wiki/Statically_determinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Statically determinate">statically determinate</a> with no members carrying mixed loads. </p><p>Prestressed concrete balanced cantilever bridges are often built using <a href="/wiki/Segmental_bridge" title="Segmental bridge">segmental construction</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction_methods">Construction methods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantilever_bridge&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Construction methods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some steel arch bridges (such as the <a href="/wiki/Navajo_Bridge" title="Navajo Bridge">Navajo Bridge</a>) are built using pure cantilever spans from each side, with neither falsework below nor temporary supporting towers and cables above. These are then joined with a pin, usually after forcing the union point apart, and when jacks are removed and the bridge decking is added the bridge becomes a <a href="/wiki/Truss_arch_bridge" title="Truss arch bridge">truss arch bridge</a>. Such unsupported construction is only possible where appropriate rock is available to support the tension in the upper chord of the span during construction, usually limiting this method to the spanning of narrow canyons. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SFOBB-OldEastSpanDismantleCropped.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/SFOBB-OldEastSpanDismantleCropped.png/500px-SFOBB-OldEastSpanDismantleCropped.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/SFOBB-OldEastSpanDismantleCropped.png/750px-SFOBB-OldEastSpanDismantleCropped.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/SFOBB-OldEastSpanDismantleCropped.png/1000px-SFOBB-OldEastSpanDismantleCropped.png 2x" data-file-width="1385" data-file-height="589" /></a><figcaption>The old eastern span of the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco%E2%80%93Oakland_Bay_Bridge" title="San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge">San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge</a>, pictured in August 2014, is deconstructed in an order nearly reverse that of its construction. Similar temporary supports were used under each anchor arm during the bridge's construction.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_by_length">List by length</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantilever_bridge&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: List by length"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_longest_cantilever_bridges" class="mw-redirect" title="List of longest cantilever bridges">List of longest cantilever bridges</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_cantilever_bridges" title="List of cantilever bridges">List of cantilever bridges</a></div> <p>World's longest cantilever bridges (by longest span):<sup id="cite_ref-NSBA-longbridge_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NSBA-longbridge-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>No</th> <th>Bridge</th> <th>Location</th> <th>Country</th> <th>Date</th> <th>Length </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Bridge" title="Quebec Bridge">Quebec Bridge</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></td> <td>1919</td> <td>1,800 ft (549 m) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Forth_Bridge" title="Forth Bridge">Forth Bridge</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth">Firth of Forth</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></td> <td>1890</td> <td>1,710 ft (521 m) × 2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minato_Bridge" title="Minato Bridge">Minato Bridge</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td> <td>1973</td> <td>1,673 ft (510 m) </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Commodore_Barry_Bridge" title="Commodore Barry Bridge">Commodore Barry Bridge</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chester,_Pennsylvania" title="Chester, Pennsylvania">Chester, Pennsylvania</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td>1974</td> <td>1,644 ft (501 m) </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Crescent_City_Connection" title="Crescent City Connection">Crescent City Connection</a> (dual spans)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans,_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans, Louisiana">New Orleans, Louisiana</a></td> <td>United States</td> <td>1958 & 1988</td> <td>1,575 ft (480 m) </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Howrah_Bridge" title="Howrah Bridge">Howrah Bridge</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td>1943</td> <td>1,500 ft (457 m) </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gramercy_Bridge" title="Gramercy Bridge">Gramercy Bridge</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gramercy,_Louisiana" title="Gramercy, Louisiana">Gramercy, Louisiana</a></td> <td>United States</td> <td>1995</td> <td>1,460 ft (445 m) </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Gate_Bridge" title="Tokyo Gate Bridge">Tokyo Gate Bridge</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></td> <td>Japan</td> <td>2012</td> <td>1,443 ft (440 m) </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/J._C._Van_Horne_Bridge" title="J. C. Van Horne Bridge">J. C. Van Horne Bridge</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Campbellton,_New_Brunswick" title="Campbellton, New Brunswick">Campbellton, New Brunswick</a> & <a href="/wiki/Pointe-%C3%A0-la-Croix,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Pointe-à-la-Croix, Quebec">Pointe-à-la-Croix, Quebec</a></td> <td>Canada</td> <td>1961</td> <td>1,247 ft (380 m) </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Horace_Wilkinson_Bridge" title="Horace Wilkinson Bridge">Horace Wilkinson Bridge</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge,_Louisiana" title="Baton Rouge, Louisiana">Baton Rouge, Louisiana</a></td> <td>United States</td> <td>1968</td> <td>1,235 ft (376 m) </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tappan_Zee_Bridge_(1955%E2%80%932017)" title="Tappan Zee Bridge (1955–2017)">Tappan Zee Bridge</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Nyack,_New_York" title="South Nyack, New York">South Nyack, New York</a> & <a href="/wiki/Tarrytown,_New_York" title="Tarrytown, New York">Tarrytown, New York</a></td> <td>United States</td> <td>1955</td> <td>1,212 ft (369 m) </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark_Bridge_(Columbia_River)" title="Lewis and Clark Bridge (Columbia River)">Lewis and Clark Bridge</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Longview,_Washington" title="Longview, Washington">Longview, Washington</a> & <a href="/wiki/Rainier,_Oregon" title="Rainier, Oregon">Rainier, Oregon</a></td> <td>United States</td> <td>1930</td> <td>1,200 ft (366 m) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantilever_bridge&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 521.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 519.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quebec_bridge_pont_de_quebec.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Quebec Bridge is of the general structure described above."><img alt="The Quebec Bridge is of the general structure described above." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Quebec_bridge_pont_de_quebec.jpg" decoding="async" width="520" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="139" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Bridge" title="Quebec Bridge">Quebec Bridge</a> is of the general structure described above.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 400.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 398.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:VejleFjordBridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Vejle Fjord Bridge is a concrete bridge built using the balanced cantilever method."><img alt="The Vejle Fjord Bridge is a concrete bridge built using the balanced cantilever method." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/VejleFjordBridge.jpg/598px-VejleFjordBridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="399" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/VejleFjordBridge.jpg/897px-VejleFjordBridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/VejleFjordBridge.jpg/1196px-VejleFjordBridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1992" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Vejle_Fjord_Bridge" title="Vejle Fjord Bridge">Vejle Fjord Bridge</a> is a concrete bridge built using the balanced cantilever method.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 143.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 141.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SFOakBrEastPartVEast.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Former eastern span of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge"><img alt="Former eastern span of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/SFOakBrEastPartVEast.jpg/212px-SFOakBrEastPartVEast.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/SFOakBrEastPartVEast.jpg/318px-SFOakBrEastPartVEast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/SFOakBrEastPartVEast.jpg/424px-SFOakBrEastPartVEast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="510" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Former eastern span of the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco%E2%80%93Oakland_Bay_Bridge" title="San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge">San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 842px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 840px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Howrah_Bridge,_Kolkata.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Howrah Bridge, Kolkata"><img alt="Howrah Bridge, Kolkata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Howrah_Bridge%2C_Kolkata.jpg/1260px-Howrah_Bridge%2C_Kolkata.jpg" decoding="async" width="840" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Howrah_Bridge%2C_Kolkata.jpg/1890px-Howrah_Bridge%2C_Kolkata.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Howrah_Bridge%2C_Kolkata.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Howrah_Bridge" title="Howrah Bridge">Howrah Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ForthBridgeEdinburgh.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Forth Bridge with its three double cantilevers."><img alt="The Forth Bridge with its three double cantilevers." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/ForthBridgeEdinburgh.jpg/271px-ForthBridgeEdinburgh.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/ForthBridgeEdinburgh.jpg/406px-ForthBridgeEdinburgh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/ForthBridgeEdinburgh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="538" data-file-height="358" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Forth_Bridge" title="Forth Bridge">Forth Bridge</a> with its three double cantilevers.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Span_Bluewater_Bridge_(Port_Huron_Mich).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Original 1938 span of the Blue Water Bridge"><img alt="Original 1938 span of the Blue Water Bridge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/North_Span_Bluewater_Bridge_%28Port_Huron_Mich%29.jpg/240px-North_Span_Bluewater_Bridge_%28Port_Huron_Mich%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/North_Span_Bluewater_Bridge_%28Port_Huron_Mich%29.jpg/360px-North_Span_Bluewater_Bridge_%28Port_Huron_Mich%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/North_Span_Bluewater_Bridge_%28Port_Huron_Mich%29.jpg/480px-North_Span_Bluewater_Bridge_%28Port_Huron_Mich%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Original 1938 span of the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Water_Bridge" title="Blue Water Bridge">Blue Water Bridge</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulaski_Skyway_full_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pulaski Skyway"><img alt="Pulaski Skyway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Pulaski_Skyway_full_view.jpg/225px-Pulaski_Skyway_full_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Pulaski_Skyway_full_view.jpg/338px-Pulaski_Skyway_full_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Pulaski_Skyway_full_view.jpg/450px-Pulaski_Skyway_full_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pulaski_Skyway" title="Pulaski Skyway">Pulaski Skyway</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vrengenbrua.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vrengen Bridge, a concrete bridge."><img alt="Vrengen Bridge, a concrete bridge." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Vrengenbrua.jpg/240px-Vrengenbrua.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Vrengenbrua.jpg/360px-Vrengenbrua.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Vrengenbrua.jpg/480px-Vrengenbrua.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrengen_bru" class="extiw" title="no:Vrengen bru">Vrengen Bridge</a>, a concrete bridge.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantilever_bridge&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-dubois-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dubois_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dubois_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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International Council on Monuments and Sites. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icomos.org/studies/bridges.htm">the original</a> on 2005-02-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-08-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Heritage+Sites&rft.atitle=Context+for+World+Heritage+Bridges&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=DeLony&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icomos.org%2Fstudies%2Fbridges.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACantilever+bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-waddell-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-waddell_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaddell1916" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Alexander_Low_Waddell" title="John Alexander Low Waddell">Waddell, J. A. L.</a> (1916). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bridgeengineeri01waddgoog"><i>Bridge Engineering - Volume 2</i></a>. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bridgeengineeri01waddgoog/page/n865">1917</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-08-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bridge+Engineering+-+Volume+2&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=1917&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1916&rft.aulast=Waddell&rft.aufirst=J.+A.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbridgeengineeri01waddgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACantilever+bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NSBA-longbridge-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NSBA-longbridge_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDurkee1999" class="citation book cs1">Durkee, Jackson (1999-05-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020601114245/http://www.aisc.org/Content/ContentGroups/Documents/NSBA5/20_NSBA_LongestSpans.PDF"><i>National Steel Bridge Alliance: World's Longest Bridge Spans</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aisc.org/Content/ContentGroups/Documents/NSBA5/20_NSBA_LongestSpans.PDF">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2002-06-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-11-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=National+Steel+Bridge+Alliance%3A+World%27s+Longest+Bridge+Spans&rft.pub=American+Institute+of+Steel+Construction%2C+Inc&rft.date=1999-05-24&rft.aulast=Durkee&rft.aufirst=Jackson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aisc.org%2FContent%2FContentGroups%2FDocuments%2FNSBA5%2F20_NSBA_LongestSpans.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACantilever+bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantilever_bridge&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cantilever_bridges" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cantilever bridges">Cantilever bridges</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/CantileverBridge/">"Cantilever Bridge"</a> by Sándor Kabai, <a href="/wiki/The_Wolfram_Demonstrations_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wolfram Demonstrations Project">The Wolfram Demonstrations Project</a>, 2007.</li> <li><i>Biggest of Finished Girders Go Traveling: six giants of 70 tons gave engineers a hard nut to crack</i>, <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science" title="Popular Science">Popular Science</a> monthly, February 1919, page 79, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7igDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA79">Scanned</a> by <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New Student's Reference Work/Bridge, Cantilever"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Bridge,_Cantilever">"Bridge, Cantilever" </a></span>. <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New Student's Reference Work"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work"><i>The New Student's Reference Work</i> </a></span>. 1914.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bridge%2C+Cantilever&rft.btitle=The+New+Student%27s+Reference+Work&rft.date=1914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACantilever+bridge" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_Articles">Related Articles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantilever_bridge&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Related Articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Line" title="Southwest Line">Southwest Line</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Bridge_footer" title="Template:Bridge footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bridge_footer" title="Template talk:Bridge footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bridge_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bridge footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bridge-related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bridge" title="Bridge">Bridge</a>-related articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structural types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arch_bridge" title="Arch bridge">Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beam_bridge" title="Beam bridge">Beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_girder_bridge" title="Box girder bridge">Box girder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge%E2%80%93tunnel" title="Bridge–tunnel">Bridge–tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burr_Truss" title="Burr Truss">Burr Truss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable-stayed_bridge" title="Cable-stayed bridge">Cable-stayed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canopy_bridge" title="Canopy bridge">Canopy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cantilever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantilever_spar_cable-stayed_bridge" title="Cantilever spar cable-stayed bridge">Cantilever spar cable-stayed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covered_bridge" title="Covered bridge">Covered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crib_bridge" title="Crib bridge">Crib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-beam_drawbridge" title="Double-beam drawbridge">Double-beam drawbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extradosed_bridge" title="Extradosed bridge">Extradosed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_bridge" title="Jet bridge">Jet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_bridge" title="Log bridge">Log</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_bridge" title="Moon bridge">Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moveable_bridge" title="Moveable bridge">Moveable</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bascule_bridge" title="Bascule bridge">Bascule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drawbridge" title="Drawbridge">Drawbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folding_bridge" title="Folding bridge">Folding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retractable_bridge" title="Retractable bridge">Retractable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Bridge" title="The Rolling Bridge">Rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_bascule_bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolling bascule bridge">Rolling bascule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submersible_bridge" title="Submersible bridge">Submersible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_bridge" title="Swing bridge">Swing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_bridge" title="Table bridge">Table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilt_bridge" title="Tilt bridge">Tilt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transporter_bridge" title="Transporter bridge">Transporter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical-lift_bridge" title="Vertical-lift bridge">Vertical-lift</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-way_bridge" title="Multi-way bridge">Multi-way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navigable_aqueduct" title="Navigable aqueduct">Navigable aqueduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pile_bridge" title="Pile bridge">Pile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontoon_bridge" title="Pontoon bridge">Pontoon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vlotbrug" title="Vlotbrug">Vlotbrug</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspension_bridge" title="Suspension bridge">Suspension</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Types_of_suspension_bridges" title="Types of suspension bridges">types</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_bridge" title="Timber bridge">Timber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Through_arch_bridge" title="Through arch bridge">Through arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trestle_bridge" title="Trestle bridge">Trestle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truss_bridge" title="Truss bridge">Truss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubular_bridge" title="Tubular bridge">Tubular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viaduct" title="Viaduct">Viaduct</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridge_types" title="List of bridge types">Visual index to various types</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Bridge_September_2021_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Brooklyn_Bridge_September_2021_002.jpg/100px-Brooklyn_Bridge_September_2021_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Brooklyn_Bridge_September_2021_002.jpg/150px-Brooklyn_Bridge_September_2021_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Brooklyn_Bridge_September_2021_002.jpg/200px-Brooklyn_Bridge_September_2021_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists of bridges by type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges" title="List of bridges">List of bridges</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bascule_bridges" title="List of bascule bridges">bascule bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cantilever_bridges" title="List of cantilever bridges">cantilever bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_stone_bridges_in_Germany" title="List of medieval stone bridges in Germany">medieval stone bridges in Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_multi-level_bridges" title="List of multi-level bridges">multi-level bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_road%E2%80%93rail_bridges" title="List of road–rail bridges">road–rail bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_toll_bridges" title="List of toll bridges">toll bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vertical-lift_bridges" title="List of vertical-lift bridges">vertical-lift bridges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridge%E2%80%93tunnels" title="List of bridge–tunnels">List of bridge–tunnels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lists_of_covered_bridges_in_North_America" title="List of lists of covered bridges in North America">List of lists of covered bridges in North America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists of bridges by size</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_longest_bridges" title="List of longest bridges">By length</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_longest_suspension_bridge_spans" title="List of longest suspension bridge spans">Suspension bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_longest_cable-stayed_bridge_spans" title="List of longest cable-stayed bridge spans">Cable-stayed bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_longest_cantilever_bridge_spans" title="List of longest cantilever bridge spans">Cantilever bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_longest_continuous_truss_bridge_spans" title="List of longest continuous truss bridge spans">Continuous truss bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_longest_arch_bridge_spans" title="List of longest arch bridge spans">Arch bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_longest_masonry_arch_bridge_spans" title="List of longest masonry arch bridge spans">Masonry arch bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_bridges" title="List of highest bridges">Highest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_bridges" title="List of tallest bridges">Tallest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Additional lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridge_failures" title="List of bridge failures">Bridge failures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_to_nowhere" title="Bridge to nowhere">Bridge to nowhere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bridges_in_art" title="Bridges in art">Bridges in art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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