CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91c6dc17a82d49d8',cH: 'pztJBTZ0F7dW1K4gq2AEKsKh3VRQUoEfN0fnQZTDGUc-1741316606-1.2.1.1-jtE.WCjuACaWbWR9GWIEuBPCBdGcuPGwf9QCMLrgPc1HtARipe.PlC4X0PqJUIxa',cUPMDTk: "\/11519\/ris?__cf_chl_tk=zQzUpVxg.E9eCYlSYGOsdNNcMH_NL1oM_kkKGtbBMk8-1741316606-1.0.1.1-tV75Rgv.Y8WljhVj9G4oW9wuSgVgkhRqEDKbFMPXdeo",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1741316606',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/11519\/ris?__cf_chl_f_tk=zQzUpVxg.E9eCYlSYGOsdNNcMH_NL1oM_kkKGtbBMk8-1741316606-1.0.1.1-tV75Rgv.Y8WljhVj9G4oW9wuSgVgkhRqEDKbFMPXdeo",md: "g.0DgKfnNyXOYU2IQ8p1wHadLiXvWjmShAybt7jSKqU-1741316606-1.2.1.1-gOj1HJL09Wj56cuvhOUsesDBxI97Pzd_2xUPLsbn6MBZBGTJgQ5PrxiLvepDr3VcuH4E1uwctWkc9W410mgUbGotg6pobJaaf5snUAMRXx3y6LHeMWMV1rmci1ye2v8M9PJs6J12udO5tm3Wiaz2jwJtFfA3MuyCGX5UArmOV4znewKt.gbXZVlHgZ33oU8cbdLlEhDDCK5wIYj5h.lu7l._d.nXhMjTiOi_UQHyptAfcFfX8KOKGxyFJL_5kwHFLkknCh8SjxZo5RdfCKTGh7cSYKEr1JCFbNbaZ5L8bBSDfO4EmmmUarXmvBOIHLyiVRTC1UBMQqGPFhavuYID2L_2ySUiHHoGG7CLg1js4Xri7DoL9BKXisvDLbRfHeF62AvdpOdP51tmnU2rYsTugsd49oGam_.nJUdoSioNV4EpZw5nlMh8wIQRPrcz2E13Yi8N2ynG0CTq2cewNOiDqJkvcRds3K85Nzp9Eox1fxWmKwkc2SE8kf3MGeskbVxgMHLVtFXRiSEJaVRngJnxKGoUSOMunLf33.EmSwGD1q3IQ4Mm1SIS1JgLFqTSBEWcCxmIqF1z6uW4E.WKdk.lcMZU5NCdpqkhHNjgLGX5Knv8ia3xc.et16imqS6DFkPuqkkV5gT8T.3L1TEnh_5zaZ3AZTBPHZBHN.FF1pIgQ4oJF0G.nLUrwsERZI84WkUB2m6YSRn5axkQBN9N8dAoRGToiY74U5cCgRGqIAR.WkEYtqvAS_iDmTE1C26KoeA5L4PAg8TQ.Kl.XOINybDj5yiC3soZaGmXk3e2HRUN_nm_q0qRETbH88P5vH1_h9dP3XZ71blUnf7mXHKU1wvsfzRBWYHk6552Q_9gWaL1shA2mbUmvoFElpgrNTQA_bhLjXBet9krryd2__CIdB8grucLRgiq8R08PkwP2CBHMV5Xp36MulgbzeJBspDxbfdnrNDjIYJwwvOwdz0dGANsE1sZbKPJxNpnkdsFWIEUaHD5xJIz0l7cD.YC5yr1ay53bgTUTzxPQy5UjijT5n4GpoERozlSzHKPA6Qnl2SDeU2bcHRFCZbM9KOhtxucZ169zB4JZ0_lzOT4HprsFNDLc8WLRk6lg8zebMKq3C3AtG2wkWhO3a_4vCzpEjJldyE5S5CIOfUVOw8w24Qgb5dF5TJizYcKba4wwYRxv6obt9BoICIOXpvQm0sjIEFeyt7EhDKhOnA4pRZbATT89TSIrg",mdrd: "yJQ2k02wfTOB9o8z.iq0RKWdr6Cvkx.ZZtrq1LyLBTs-1741316606-1.2.1.1-6D8RsZdHk3._CA.dXMc4wpL_v19WUgaiERMnGNHQGhMXlrNMIKhj2VXA6aD48wyfVsm1vp2c7P.u5HPOpsE7lEncQc4YG.kgGuadwMR.8.LYJF1kJ.YlWmxdcudNPRkBIslUeZc2i6E7GGlBu19r3mj76rfhH6gBpWwzbm.mAfGsa9rRGYq5t9_EDyASfOyStqSf_JCZDCFe.yjJBYozzIDFGcKT3oSQS9h3hxBIBqhPcDmL9BylpndDSMXb3FWMBesEKDDCn.g_QKlRnDCUunJKmjb1cd9az8fxEiuWfz4v9g__xRoFmSxWsyD50e8vW2y8CawhJ_WdVabR09f.0o6NwLV16NmxsKV_OwDcjQCY.CsjT7eQU2sUeJb0WwNjYWpnf_a8gyZEXN2hN0daU_3V0relnT1l6e9lsTNWoGSWMXaNffpjfdDZw8QNkPOaSmpKvbgX9naVq4PO0CxwjbZQT5FUIGwkbHpxu1LVF7GeLgnaytbzHswJvsUSr1PypcSD3k.u44X7b.d70dqcy3luT7LCkKoNxYx5KXUkrUr1rRE0GK9Kvm9PcSAFJdoBEPMVOML_q1qr4SXc3J3r7slCfWR2DwD2ZtehjyPyP.wU5vXOpWpVIIGnuQd9EzSH9BZhqQM_ovRqoteV_HcWiPLKMIMPjYDihkFvO76d7scNS0bDjuRo.FqSDnFbC1e5j8E1wNESc__DHZVUBCKeZ459m90jfzHN718vVZ7VYFZPXPDlRAjpbRQOtmmOw2iZHvJ8Mf6F9Ldg8UDS7MTRE8ZRAQDvbcbp5PzsZa.auIoMMSGimUiLyhmYJfSv3sC69e5N8ITSL8zqEGlGjzGEUbhsaiHQcd4XIKGT1Dy3L2pHbH2s66M6QvgprIW2FR6.mhg7775.cK.7n38sD1Di40uCXFtX_XMdvzj6KCRUSje6TqSwji.ZojKaHZkhqlB070uAmtUl.FcZtpid.c9t7MQE9V8JibtDqwSnCwhNbx2c_dfK43aH8B.PKMUTMQO9uUoD5wZZUxWCl0f7OJgbcRGDiXbc5N8gyDyGpyx5UBgUZAsgWIkhwJrnLyWXh9ZVx3p5mhj7UGFBrQezMQjg.aFBrI74eBQBrhlhLBR96g.JkVSnNpXtIKUyOe74RUPrfNSPhmLT7R3d7HejDgu_6rwvJp4iaGuEZShK9I4Tiuv_G5x_MKQlvqwxmuCuYvhVzSEfF.rrupWEpVNyRuU4cERa6Tu4BWn7Ti7hL1.Tsv9YsYwwLa5jyxDzLb_nM7OFd5rTvvCxXrQpS1bQyP4OSWLzk0W2Bxxu7q.zi_NpNB0kNlm3KYKudSHHcWDlobSBaj4UUqY9v1RbMHHO_SKRL86h.0pD4znTw34vpmbHTN5ExppjpEsKz9rOVndzzH2E051EY3avvDWUQuuglzqdxBb6Mvv050y6jaD3ID4KMPhgkMpBIIhooncTKkxvQiweWWJNSuk9arWIEyjv_Qre9s85IQ6Y3vdFwcMuWXo6oqYVbahQ.oG8BPAYH2t84FiC3ovqUG1aEbNjdqXa4GnYqCnvHAKROxJwaGa4yXmVbTvyIHS6TSn9BIInmqtNrRnyuyCRJviVcD0BZ4DKN2pBx9ttXB50rGqVWfseCkUO.CcUJ75caYeJC01cOLjPrZdpHTUSS42TwZ57Frta5Ozde2opy08LqYYTacSWaeBy4.H5co9XfczlwGk2LkipdO0TNWAlOB7LVW7s3IgOe.dWrr0.11S4EzQuQpzh7pUVMEeJDFRMlt0.iQTmofTrxqHOsbv0NjBB1Blnb5d1q_9X0EmSUUSVtdIpAoXUUz0VnE1rBv96fgZxoL42HLAaDiLcP2pWRpZngEoyeJ_.tZ.fvvj54Koq_OvegDVXEFoUVeRww0OPQ6HumTDzzkbIFCHH10qlYyj4YoTeybm7ZDCsF_lSM6GOCFzS7ISH4QcUSiKbK29AX5ZCaUxtdyeGRo7Eg9RvDCB4YL.xF7mxp68zZA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91c6dc17a82d49d8';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/11519\/ris?__cf_chl_rt_tk=zQzUpVxg.E9eCYlSYGOsdNNcMH_NL1oM_kkKGtbBMk8-1741316606-1.0.1.1-tV75Rgv.Y8WljhVj9G4oW9wuSgVgkhRqEDKbFMPXdeo" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>