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preventable</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: vaccine preventable"> <meta name="keywords" content="vaccine preventable"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="vaccine preventable"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 303</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: vaccine preventable</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">303</span> Analysis of Post-vaccination Immunity in Children with Severe Chronic Diseases Receiving Immunosuppressive Therapy by Specific IgG Antibodies Definition Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marina%20G.%20Galitskaya">Marina G. Galitskaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Svetlana%20G.%20Makarova"> Svetlana G. Makarova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrey%20P.%20Fisenko."> Andrey P. Fisenko.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Children on medication-induced immunosuppression are at high risk of developing severe course infectious diseases. Therefore, preventive vaccination is especially important for these children. However, due to the immunosuppressive effects of treatment for the underlying disease, the effectiveness of vaccination may decrease below the protective level. In a multidisciplinary children's medical center, post-vaccination immunity was studied in 79 children aged 4-17 years. The children were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (38 children) with kidney pathology (Nephrotic Syndrome) and Group 2 (41 children) with inflammatory bowel diseases (Ulcerative Colitis, Crohn's Disease). Both groups of children were vaccinated according to the national vaccination calendar and received immunosuppressive therapy (prednisolone, methotrexate, cyclosporine, and other drugs) for at least 1 year. Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, specific IgG antibodies to vaccine-preventable infections were determined: measles, rubella, mumps, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and hepatitis B. The study showed the percentage of children with positive IgG values for vaccine-preventable infections. The highest percentage of children had protective antibody levels to measles (84.2% in children with nephrotic syndrome and 92.6% in those with inflammatory bowel disease) and rubella (71% and 80.4%, respectively). The lowest percentage of children with protective antibodies was for hepatitis B (5.2% and 29.2% respectively). Antibodies to mumps, diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus were found not in all children (from 39,4% to 82,9%). The remaining percentage of children did not have detectable IgG antibodies to vaccine-preventable infections. Not all children, despite the previous vaccination, preserved antibodies to vaccine-controlled infections and remained unprotected by specific IgG antibodies. The issue of a booster vaccine dose should be considered in children without contraindications to vaccination. Children receiving long-term immunosuppressive therapy require an individual vaccination approach, including a specific definition of the performed vaccination. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunosuppressive%20therapy" title="immunosuppressive therapy">immunosuppressive therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflammatory%20bowel%20diseases" title=" inflammatory bowel diseases"> inflammatory bowel diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nephrotic%20syndrome" title=" nephrotic syndrome"> nephrotic syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-vaccination%20immunity" title=" post-vaccination immunity"> post-vaccination immunity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20antibodies" title=" specific antibodies"> specific antibodies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccine-preventable%20infections." title=" vaccine-preventable infections."> vaccine-preventable infections.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186797/analysis-of-post-vaccination-immunity-in-children-with-severe-chronic-diseases-receiving-immunosuppressive-therapy-by-specific-igg-antibodies-definition-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186797.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">33</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">302</span> Reforms in China's Vaccine Administration: Vulnerabilities, Legislative Progresses and the Systemic View of Vaccine Administration Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lin%20Tang">Lin Tang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoxia%20Guo"> Xiaoxia Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lingling%20Zhang"> Lingling Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recent vaccine scandals overshadowed China’s accomplishment of public health, triggering discussions on the causes of vaccine incidents. Through legal interpretation of selected vaccine incidents and analysis of systemic vulnerabilities in vaccine circulation and lot release, a panoramic review of legislative progresses in the vaccine administration sheds the light on this debate. In essence, it is the combination of the lagging legal system and the absence of information technology infrastructure in the process of vaccine administration reform that has led to the recurrence of vaccine incidents. These findings have significant implications for further improvement of vaccine administration and China’s participation in global healthcare. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legislation" title="legislation">legislation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lot%20release" title=" lot release"> lot release</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20health" title=" public health"> public health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reform" title=" reform"> reform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccine%20administration" title=" vaccine administration"> vaccine administration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccine%20circulation" title=" vaccine circulation"> vaccine circulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143772/reforms-in-chinas-vaccine-administration-vulnerabilities-legislative-progresses-and-the-systemic-view-of-vaccine-administration-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">301</span> Comparing the Uptake of Seasonal Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccines among Older Adults in Australia and Hong Kong between 2016 and 2018</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lynne%20Briggs">Lynne Briggs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patricia%20Fronek"> Patricia Fronek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Judy%20Siu."> Judy Siu.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This qualitative study aimed to gain a better understanding of the perceptions and barriers to receiving seasonal influenza and pneumococcal vaccines among Australian and Hong Kong adults aged ≥ 65 years. The findings showed that vaccine uptake for the two diseases was lower in Hong Kong than in Australia. Common and divergent issues identified included the impact of different health systems, the promotion of vaccination by health professionals, beliefs about hospitals and clinics, traditional and alternative medicines, perceptions of risk, and personal responsibility. Objective of the research: The objective of this comparison study was to gain a better understanding of the perceptions and barriers to receiving seasonal influenza and pneumococcal vaccines among Australian and Hong Kong adults aged ≥ 65 years. Methodology: This qualitative study used semi structured face to face interviews for data collection in both countries. Thematic analysis of the data allowed for a comparison of the main themes identified across the two countries. Main Contribution of the Research: Differences in vaccine uptake between Australian and Hong Kong was attributable to differing health systems, including access, prevention, socioeconomic status, and cultural attitudes. Understanding the needs of older people would enhance vaccine uptake for these two preventable diseases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=influenza%20vaccine%20uptake" title="influenza vaccine uptake">influenza vaccine uptake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pneumonia%20vaccine%20uptake" title=" pneumonia vaccine uptake"> pneumonia vaccine uptake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccination%20of%20the%20elderly" title=" vaccination of the elderly"> vaccination of the elderly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hesitancy%20vaccine" title=" hesitancy vaccine"> hesitancy vaccine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152146/comparing-the-uptake-of-seasonal-influenza-and-pneumococcal-vaccines-among-older-adults-in-australia-and-hong-kong-between-2016-and-2018" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152146.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">300</span> An Assessment of Adverse Events Following Immunization Reporting Pattern of Selected Vaccines in VigiAccess</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Yamoah">Peter Yamoah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frasia%20Oosthuizen"> Frasia Oosthuizen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Reporting of Adverse Events Following Immunization continues to be a challenge. Pharmacovigilance centers throughout the world are mandated by the WHO to submit AEFI reports from various countries to a large pool of adverse drug reaction electronic database called Vigibase. Despite the relevant information of AEFI in Vigibase, it is unavailable to the general public. However, the WHO has an alternative website called VigiAccess which is an open access website serving as a repository of reported adverse drug reactions and AEFIs. The aim of the study was to ascertain the reporting pattern of a number of commonly used vaccines in VigiAccess. Methods: VigiAccess was thoroughly searched on the 5th of February 2018 for AEFI reports of measles vaccine, oral polio vaccine (OPV), yellow fever vaccine, pneumococcal vaccine, rotavirus vaccine, meningococcal vaccine, tetanus vaccine and tuberculosis (BCG) vaccine. These were reports from all pharmacovigilance centers in the world from the time they joined the WHO drug monitoring program. Results: After a thorough search in VigiAccess, there were 9,062 measles vaccine AEFIs, 185,829 OPV AEFIs, 24,577 yellow fever vaccine AEFIs, 317,208 pneumococcal vaccine AEFIs, 73,513 rotavirus vaccine AEFIs, 145,447 meningococcal vaccine AEFIs, 22,781 tetanus vaccine AEFIs and 35,556 BCG vaccine AEFIs. Conclusion: The study revealed that out of the eight vaccines studied, pneumococcal vaccines are associated with the highest number of AEFIs whilst measles vaccines were associated with the least AEFIs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccines" title="vaccines">vaccines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adverse%20reactions" title=" adverse reactions"> adverse reactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VigiAccess" title=" VigiAccess"> VigiAccess</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adverse%20event%20reporting" title=" adverse event reporting"> adverse event reporting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97423/an-assessment-of-adverse-events-following-immunization-reporting-pattern-of-selected-vaccines-in-vigiaccess" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97423.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">299</span> Topic Sentiments toward the COVID-19 Vaccine on Twitter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melissa%20Vang">Melissa Vang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raheyma%20Khan"> Raheyma Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haihua%20Chen"> Haihua Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has changed people's lives from all over the world. More people have turned to Twitter to engage online and discuss the COVID-19 vaccine. This study aims to present a text mining approach to identify people's attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine on Twitter. To achieve this purpose, we collected 54,268 COVID-19 vaccine tweets from September 01, 2020, to November 01, 2020, then the BERT model is used for the sentiment and topic analysis. The results show that people had more negative than positive attitudes about the vaccine, and countries with an increasing number of confirmed cases had a higher percentage of negative attitudes. Additionally, the topics discussed in positive and negative tweets are different. The tweet datasets can be helpful to information professionals to inform the public about vaccine-related informational resources. Our findings may have implications for understanding people's cognitions and feelings about the vaccine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BERT" title="BERT">BERT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19%20vaccine" title=" COVID-19 vaccine"> COVID-19 vaccine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sentiment%20analysis" title=" sentiment analysis"> sentiment analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topic%20modeling" title=" topic modeling"> topic modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138813/topic-sentiments-toward-the-covid-19-vaccine-on-twitter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138813.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">298</span> The Regulation of Vaccine-Related Intellectual Property Rights in Light of the Areas of Divergence between the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and Investment Treaties in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Australia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulrahman%20Fahim%20M.%20Alsulami">Abdulrahman Fahim M. Alsulami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current research seeks to explore the regulation of vaccine-related IP rights in light of the areas of divergence between the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement and investment treaties. The study is conducted in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic; therefore, it seems natural that a specific chapter is devoted to the examination of vaccine arrangements related to vaccine supplies. The chapter starts with the examination of a typical vaccine from the perspective of IP rights. It presents the distinctive features of vaccines as pharmaceutical products and investments, reviews the basics of their patent protection, reviews vaccines’ components, and discusses IPR protection of different components of vaccines. The subsection that focuses on vaccine development and licensing reviews vaccine development stages investigates differences between vaccine licensing in different countries and presents barriers to vaccine licensing. The third subsection, at the same time, introduces the existing arrangements related to COVID-19 vaccine supplies, including COVAX arrangements, international organizations’ assistance, and direct negotiations between governments and vaccine manufacturers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilateral%20investment%20treaties" title="bilateral investment treaties">bilateral investment treaties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19%20vaccine" title=" COVID-19 vaccine"> COVID-19 vaccine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IP%20rights" title=" IP rights"> IP rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TRIPs%20agreement" title=" TRIPs agreement"> TRIPs agreement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141167/the-regulation-of-vaccine-related-intellectual-property-rights-in-light-of-the-areas-of-divergence-between-the-agreement-on-trade-related-aspects-of-intellectual-property-rights-and-investment-treaties-in-the-kingdom-of-saudi-arabia-and-australia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141167.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">297</span> Factors Associated with Uptake of Influenza and Pertussis Vaccination in Pregnant Women</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassen%20Mohammed">Hassen Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michelle%20Clarke"> Michelle Clarke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helen%20Marshall"> Helen Marshall</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Maternal immunization is an effective strategy to protect pregnant women and their offspring from vaccine-preventable diseases. Despite the recommendation of maternal influenza and more recently pertussis immunization in Australia, uptake of these vaccines has been suboptimal. Monitoring the impact of the current funded vaccine programs for pregnant women is limited. The study aimed to assess the impact of the funded program and determine factors associated with vaccine uptake in pregnant women. This observational prospective study was undertaken between November 2014 and July 2016 at the Women’s and Children’s Hospital in South Australia (WCH). Demographic details and vaccination history from South Australian pregnant women who attended the WCH were reviewed. A standardized self-reported survey was conducted in antenatal care with a follow up telephone interview at 8-10 weeks post-delivery. A midwife delivered immunization program for pregnant women in antenatal clinic commenced in April 2015. Of the 180 pregnant women who completed the survey questionnaire, 75.5% and 80.5 % received maternal influenza and pertussis vaccines respectively. First-time mothers had twice the odds of having received influenza vaccine during pregnancy than multiparous women (OR 2.4; CI 1.14 - 4.94; p= 0.021). The proportion of women who received pertussis vaccine during pregnancy, following the introduction of the midwife delivered pertussis vaccination program (140/155, 90.3%) was significantly higher compared with women who received maternal pertussis vaccination prior to the introduction of the program (5/22, 23.7%, p < 0.001). The odds of women receiving maternal pertussis vaccine following the implementation of the midwife delivered program were 31 times higher than women who delivered babies prior to the program (OR 31.7, CI 10.24- 98.27; p < 0.001). High uptake of influenza and pertussis vaccines during pregnancy can be attained with health care provider recommendation and inclusion of maternal immunization as part of standard antenatal care. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=influenza" title="influenza">influenza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20immunization" title=" maternal immunization"> maternal immunization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pertussis" title=" pertussis"> pertussis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=provider%20recommendation" title=" provider recommendation"> provider recommendation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70822/factors-associated-with-uptake-of-influenza-and-pertussis-vaccination-in-pregnant-women" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70822.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">296</span> The Need for Including Hepatitis a Vaccine in Routine Childhood Immunization Programs in Europe as a Response to the Influx of Refugees from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Regions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ramia">S. Ramia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Melhem"> N. Melhem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Kreidieh"> K. Kreidieh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The world is facing an unprecedented displacement crisis. Recently, over 1.1 million asylum seekers have been granted protection status in the European Union (EU). The majority of these asylum seekers were from countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.This influx carries with it a potential introduction of infectious diseases that have been eliminated in the EU, which poses a challenge for EU health authorities. Compared to MENA region countries where Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) endemicity is high to intermediate, member states of the EU show very low (Western Europe) to low (Eastern Europe) levels of HAV endemicity. Because of this situation, there is an ongoing public health concern in high-income countries, like members of the EU, that many adults remain susceptible to HAV outbreaks. The overwhelming majority of the EU members’ states do not include HAV vaccine in their immunization calendars. Hence, this paper urgently calls for the implementation of new policies regarding HAV in EU members’ states. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20union" title="European union">European union</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatitis%20A" title=" hepatitis A"> hepatitis A</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MENA%20region%20refugees" title=" MENA region refugees"> MENA region refugees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccine%20preventable%20diseases" title=" vaccine preventable diseases"> vaccine preventable diseases</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61472/the-need-for-including-hepatitis-a-vaccine-in-routine-childhood-immunization-programs-in-europe-as-a-response-to-the-influx-of-refugees-from-the-middle-east-and-north-africa-mena-regions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61472.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">295</span> Effects of Corynebacterium cutis Lysate Administration on Hematology and Biochemistry Parameters with PPR Vaccine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Burak%20Dik">Burak Dik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oguzhan%20Avci"> Oguzhan Avci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irmak%20Dik"> Irmak Dik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emre%20Bahcivan"> Emre Bahcivan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of alone and combined administration of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) vaccine with Corynebacterium cutis lysate (CCL) on the hematology and biochemistry parameters levels in sheep. CCL and PPR vaccine changes cell and organ activity. In this study, 12 ewes were divided into equal groups; first group; PPR vaccine was applied only one time 1 mL subcutan of armpit on 6 sheep, and the second group; CCL (1 mL) and PPR vaccine (1 mL) combination were applied only one time subcutan of armpit on 6 sheep. Blood samples were collected before treatment (0. hour, control) and after treatment (1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days) from the sheep. Plasma and serum samples were evaluated for hematology and biochemistry parameters and there were statistically significant in sheep. In conclusion, combined usage of PPR vaccine with CCL may not influence cells and organs. Repeated CCL treatment with vaccine can create hepatotoxic, renal and bone marrow effects in sheep. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Corynebacterium%20cutis%20lysate" title="Corynebacterium cutis lysate">Corynebacterium cutis lysate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hematology" title=" hematology"> hematology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peste%20des%20petits%20ruminants" title=" peste des petits ruminants"> peste des petits ruminants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccine" title=" vaccine"> vaccine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50928/effects-of-corynebacterium-cutis-lysate-administration-on-hematology-and-biochemistry-parameters-with-ppr-vaccine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50928.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">294</span> The Impact of Political Polarization on the COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in the United States: A Qualitative Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peiran%20Ma">Peiran Ma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explored the role of political polarization in an individual's decision of receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. A total of 15 participants participated in individual interviews and focus group discussions about the relationships among domestic political polarization, vaccine hesitancy, and behavioral responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Political affiliation affected an individual’s decision on the COVID-19 vaccination, such that people who identified as Liberals and Democrats were more accepting of the vaccine. On the other hand, the level of influence declined over time (2020-2022) when the general conception of COVID-19 immunization shifted from political to personal. Results provided qualitative support to the previously identified positive relationship between divided political opinions and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and highlighted the decreasing trend in the power of political polarization in vaccination and the existence of other factors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccine%20hesitancy" title=" vaccine hesitancy"> vaccine hesitancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20polarization" title=" political polarization"> political polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partisanship" title=" partisanship"> partisanship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ideology" title=" ideology"> ideology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165405/the-impact-of-political-polarization-on-the-covid-19-vaccine-hesitancy-in-the-united-states-a-qualitative-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165405.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">293</span> Vaccine Development for Newcastle Disease Virus in Poultry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Asif%20Rasheed">Muhammad Asif Rasheed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian orthoavulavirus, is a causative agent of Newcastle disease named (NDV) and can cause even the epidemics when the disease is not treated. Previously several vaccines based on attenuated and inactivated viruses have been reported, which are rendered useless with the passage of time due to versatile changes in viral genome. Therefore, we aimed to develop an effective multi-epitope vaccine against the haemagglutinin neuraminidase (HN) protein of 26 NDV strains from Pakistan through a modern immunoinformatic approaches. As a result, a vaccine chimaera was constructed by combining T-cell and B-cell epitopes with the appropriate linkers and adjuvant. The designed vaccine was highly immunogenic, non-allergen, and antigenic; therefore, the potential 3D-structureof multi epitope vaccine was constructed, refined, and validated. A molecular docking study of a multiepitope vaccine candidate with the chicken Toll-like receptor-4 indicated successful binding. An In silico immunological simulation was used to evaluate the candidate vaccine's ability to elicit an effective immune response. According to the computational studies, the proposed multiepitope vaccine is physically stable and may induce immune responses, whichsuggested it a strong candidate against 26 Newcastle disease virus strains from Pakistan. A wet lab study is under process to confirm the results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epitopes" title="epitopes">epitopes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=newcastle%20disease%20virus" title=" newcastle disease virus"> newcastle disease virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paramyxovirus%20virus" title=" paramyxovirus virus"> paramyxovirus virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccine" title=" vaccine"> vaccine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150531/vaccine-development-for-newcastle-disease-virus-in-poultry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150531.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">292</span> The Impact of Pediatric Cares, Infections and Vaccines on Community and People’s Lives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nashed%20Atef%20Nashed%20Farag">Nashed Atef Nashed Farag</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Reporting adverse events following vaccination remains a challenge. WHO has mandated pharmacovigilance centers around the world to submit Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) reports from different countries to a large electronic database of adverse drug event data called Vigibase. Despite sufficient information about AEFIs on Vigibase, they are not available to the general public. However, the WHO has an alternative website called VigiAccess, an open-access website that serves as an archive for reported adverse reactions and AEFIs. The aim of the study was to establish a reporting model for a number of commonly used vaccines in the VigiAccess system. Methods: On February 5, 2018, VigiAccess comprehensively searched for ESSI reports on the measles vaccine, oral polio vaccine (OPV), yellow fever vaccine, pneumococcal vaccine, rotavirus vaccine, meningococcal vaccine, tetanus vaccine, and tuberculosis vaccine (BCG). These are reports from all pharmacovigilance centers around the world since they joined the WHO Drug Monitoring Program. Results: After an extensive search, VigiAccess found 9,062 AEFIs from the measles vaccine, 185,829 AEFIs from the OPV vaccine, 24,577 AEFIs from the yellow fever vaccine, 317,208 AEFIs from the pneumococcal vaccine, 73,513 AEFIs from the rotavirus vaccine, and 145,447 AEFIs from meningococcal cal vaccine, 22,781 EI FI vaccines against tetanus and 35,556 BCG vaccines against AEFI. Conclusion: The study found that among the eight vaccines examined, pneumococcal vaccines were associated with the highest number of AEFIs, while measles vaccines were associated with the fewest AEFIs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surgical%20approach" title="surgical approach">surgical approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anatomical%20approach" title=" anatomical approach"> anatomical approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decompression" title=" decompression"> decompression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axillary%20nerve" title=" axillary nerve"> axillary nerve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quadrangular%20space%20adverse%20events%20following%20immunization" title=" quadrangular space adverse events following immunization"> quadrangular space adverse events following immunization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cameroon" title=" cameroon"> cameroon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19%20vaccines" title=" COVID-19 vaccines"> COVID-19 vaccines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nOPV" title=" nOPV"> nOPV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ODK%20vaccines" title=" ODK vaccines"> ODK vaccines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adverse%20reactions" title=" adverse reactions"> adverse reactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VigiAccess" title=" VigiAccess"> VigiAccess</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adverse%20event%20reporting" title=" adverse event reporting"> adverse event reporting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184332/the-impact-of-pediatric-cares-infections-and-vaccines-on-community-and-peoples-lives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184332.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">291</span> Rescaling Global Health and International Relations: Globalization of Health in a Low Security Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Argurio">F. Argurio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20G.%20Vaccaro"> F. G. Vaccaro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a global environment defined by ever-increasing health issues, in spite of the progress made by modern medicine, this paper seeks to readdress the question of global health in an international relations perspective. The research hypothesis is: the lower the security environment, the higher the spread of communicable diseases. This question will be channeled by re-scaling the connotation of 'global' and 'international' dimension through the theoretical lens of glocalization, a theory by Bauman that starts its analysis from simple systems to get to the most complex ones. Glocalization theory will be operationalized by analyzing health in an armed-conflict context. In this respect, the independent variable 'low security environment' translates into the cases of Syria and Yemen, which provide a clear example of the all-encompassing nature of conflict on national health and the effects on regional development. In fact, Syria and Yemen have been affected by poliomyelitis and cholera outbreaks respectively. The dependent variable will be constructed on said communicable diseases which belong to the families of sanitation-related and vaccine-preventable diseases. The research will be both qualitative and quantitative, based on primary (interviews) and secondary (WHO and other NGO’s reports) sources. The methodology is based on the assessment of the vaccine coverage and case-analysis in time and space using epidemiological data. Moreover, local health facilities’ functioning and efficiency will be studied. The article posits that the intervention and cooperation of international organizations with the local authorities becomes crucial to provide the local populations with their primary health needs. In Yemen, the majority of fatal cholera cases were in the regions controlled by the Houthi rebels, not officially accredited by the International Community. Similarly, the polio outbreak in Syria primarily affected the areas not controlled by the Syrian Arab Republic forces, recognized as the leading interlocutor by the WHO. The jeopardized possibilities to access these countries have been pivotal to the determining the problem in controlling sanitation-related and vaccine preventable diseases. This represents a potential threat to global health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20in%20conflict-affected%20areas" title="health in conflict-affected areas">health in conflict-affected areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholera" title=" cholera"> cholera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polio" title=" polio"> polio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yemen" title=" Yemen"> Yemen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syria" title=" Syria"> Syria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glocalization" title=" glocalization"> glocalization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90398/rescaling-global-health-and-international-relations-globalization-of-health-in-a-low-security-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90398.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">290</span> Activities for Increasing Childhood Vaccination Coverage of the Refugee and Migrant Population, Greece, European Program PHILOS, 2017</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Silvestros">C. Silvestros</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Mellou"> K. Mellou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Georgakopoulou"> T. Georgakopoulou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Koustenis"> A. Koustenis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Kokkinou"> E. Kokkinou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Botsi"> C. Botsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Terzidis"> A. Terzidis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> 'PHILOS – Emergency health response to refugee crisis' is a programme of the Greek Ministry of Health, implemented by the Hellenic Center for Disease Control and Prevention (HCDCP) funded by the Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (AMIF) of EU’s DG Migration and Home Affairs. One of the main objectives of the program is the immunization coverage of the target – population to assure the prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases. The program foresees vaccination needs assessment of children hosted at camps at the mainland and implementation of interventions to cover the vaccination gaps in co-operation with the Ministry of Health. The National Immunization Advisory Committee in Greece recommended that MMR (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella), PCV (Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) and HEXA (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b) vaccines should be performed in priority. Recording was completed at 24 camps (May - June 2017); 3381 children (0-18 years) were recorded. The median number of children hosted at each camp was 95 (range: 5-553). For 68% of the children, the WHO vaccination booklet was available. 44%, 48.5% and 61% of the children were vaccinated with at least one dose of PCV, HEXA, and MMR, respectively. The proportion of vaccinated children for the three vaccines mentioned above is significantly lower for the remaining doses; PCV (second dose 8%, third dose 1.3%), HEXA (second dose 13%, third dose 2.7%, forth dose 0.1%) and MMR (second dose 23%). None of the 37 (10 from Afghanistan, 3 from Bangladesh, 23 from Pakistan, 1 from Syria) recorded unaccompanied children did not have a WHO vaccination booklet and were considered unvaccinated. There is no differentiation in vaccination coverage among different ethnicities. Massive catch up vaccination was performed at 4 camps, and 671 vaccinations were performed (245 PCV, 307 HEXA, and 119 MMR). Similar interventions are planned for all camps of the country. Recording reveled gaps in vaccination coverage of the population, mainly because of the mobility of the population, the influx of refugees- which is still ongoing- and new births. Mass vaccination campaigns are considered vital in order to increase vaccination coverage, and continuous efforts are needed in order all children living at the camps to have full access to the National Childhood Immunization Program. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccine%20preventable" title="vaccine preventable">vaccine preventable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refugee%E2%80%93migrants%20camps" title=" refugee–migrants camps"> refugee–migrants camps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccination%20coverage" title=" vaccination coverage"> vaccination coverage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCV" title=" PCV"> PCV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MMR" title=" MMR"> MMR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HEXA" title=" HEXA"> HEXA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77245/activities-for-increasing-childhood-vaccination-coverage-of-the-refugee-and-migrant-population-greece-european-program-philos-2017" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">289</span> COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: The Role of Existential Concerns in Individual’s Decisions Regarding the Vaccine Uptake</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vittoria%20Franchina">Vittoria Franchina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Salerno"> Laura Salerno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rubinia%20Celeste%20Bonfanti"> Rubinia Celeste Bonfanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gianluca%20Lo%20Coco"> Gianluca Lo Coco</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines the relationships between existential concerns (ECs), basic psychological needs (BPNs), vaccine hesitancy (VH), and the mediating role of negative attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines. A cross-sectional survey was carried out on a sample of two-hundred eighty-seven adults (Mage = 36.04 (12.07); 59.9% females). Participants were recruited online through clickworker and filled in measures on existential concerns, basic psychological needs, attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines, and vaccine hesitancy for Pfizer-BioNTech and Astrazeneca vaccines separately. Structural equation modelling showed that existential concerns were related to Pfizer-BioNTech and Astrazeneca vaccine hesitancy both directly and indirectly through negative attitudes toward possible side effects of COVID-19 vaccines. The present study has identified several predictive factors relating to the intention to uptake vaccination to protect against COVID-19 in Italy. Specifically, these findings suggest a causal link between existential concerns, attitudes, and vaccine hesitancy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=existential%20concerns" title=" existential concerns"> existential concerns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pfizer-BioNTech%20and%20Astrazeneca%20vaccines" title=" Pfizer-BioNTech and Astrazeneca vaccines"> Pfizer-BioNTech and Astrazeneca vaccines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccine%20hesitancy" title=" vaccine hesitancy"> vaccine hesitancy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149591/covid-19-vaccine-hesitancy-the-role-of-existential-concerns-in-individuals-decisions-regarding-the-vaccine-uptake" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149591.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">288</span> Neutralizing Antibody Response against Inactivated FMDV Type O/IRN/2010 Vaccine by Electron Beam in BALB/C Mice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Motamedi%20Sedeh">F. Motamedi Sedeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sh.%20Chahardoli"> Sh. Chahardoli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Mahravani"> H. Mahravani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Harzandi"> N. Harzandi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sotoodeh"> M. Sotoodeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20K.%20Shafaei"> S. K. Shafaei </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the most economically important disease of livestock. The aim of the study is inactivation of FMD virus type O/IRN/2010 by electron beam without antigenic changes as electron radio vaccine. The BALB/C mice were divided into three groups, each group containing five mice. Three groups of mice were inoculated with conventional vaccine and electron beam irradiated vaccine FMDV type O/IRN/2010 subcutaneously three weeks interval, the final group as negative control. The sera were separated from the blood samples of mice 14 days after last vaccination and tested for the presence of antibodies against FMDV type O/IRN/2010 by serum neutralization test. The Serum Neutralization Test (SNT) was carried out and antibody titration was calculated according to the Kraber protocol. The results of the SNT in three groups of mice showed the titration of neutralizing antibody in the vaccinated mice groups; electron radio vaccine and conventional vaccine were significantly higher than negative control group (P<0.05). Therefore, the radio vaccine is a good candidate to immunize animals against FMDV type O/IRN/2010. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FMDV%20type%20O%2FIRN%2F2010" title="FMDV type O/IRN/2010">FMDV type O/IRN/2010</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutralizing%20antibody%20response" title=" neutralizing antibody response"> neutralizing antibody response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20beam" title=" electron beam"> electron beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radio%20vaccine" title=" radio vaccine"> radio vaccine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11949/neutralizing-antibody-response-against-inactivated-fmdv-type-oirn2010-vaccine-by-electron-beam-in-balbc-mice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11949.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">287</span> The Impact of Social Media Exposure on COVID- 19 Vaccine Hesitancy “A Comparative Study on the Public in Egypt and the United Arab Emirates”</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lamiaa%20Shehata">Lamiaa Shehata</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current (COVID-19) pandemic is one of the international crises, and a lot of efforts have been directed toward the improvement of efficient vaccines, however vaccine hesitancy is one of the universal menaces that make the fulfillment of society immunity very hard. The World Health Organization acknowledges vaccine hesitancy as the society’s maximum risk to people's health protection, especially in little and moderate-revenue nations. Social media is strong in observing audience behaviors and evaluating the circulation, which would supply useful data for strategy makers. It has a significant function in spreading facts during the pandemic, it could assist to boost protective manners. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of social media exposure on vaccine hesitancy. Data were collected using a survey in a form of a structured questionnaire conducted during December 2021- January 2022 using convenient sampling techniques (680) in Egypt and the United Arab Emirates. The results revealed that there was a significant relationship between the high exposure to social media and the refusal of the Covid19 vaccine also, the percentage of the refusal of the vaccine is higher in Egypt, however, UAE forced people to take the vaccine. Furthermore, public attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination vary from gender and region. In conclusion, policymakers must adjust their policies through the use of social media to immediate actions to vaccine-related news to support vaccination approval. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hesitancy" title=" hesitancy"> hesitancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccine" title=" vaccine"> vaccine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147964/the-impact-of-social-media-exposure-on-covid-19-vaccine-hesitancy-a-comparative-study-on-the-public-in-egypt-and-the-united-arab-emirates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147964.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">286</span> Barriers and Drivers Towards the Use of Childhood Vaccination Services by Undocumented Migrant Caregivers in Sabah, Malaysia: A Qualitative Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michal%20Christina%20Steven">Michal Christina Steven</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd.%20Yusof%20Hj%20Ibrahim"> Mohd. Yusof Hj Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haryati%20Abdul%20Karim"> Haryati Abdul Karim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prabakaran%20Dhanaraj"> Prabakaran Dhanaraj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kelly%20Alexius%20Mansin"> Kelly Alexius Mansin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> After 27 years, Malaysia reported polio cases in 2019 involving the children of the undocumented migrants living in Sabah. These undocumented migrants present a significant challenge in achieving the elimination of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD). Due to the recent polio outbreak among the undocumented migrant children in Sabah, an in-depth interview was conducted among the caregivers of undocumented migrant children to identify the barriers and drivers towards vaccinating their children. Financial barriers, legal citizenship status, language barrier, the COVID-19 pandemic, and physical barriers have been the barriers to access vaccination services by undocumented migrants. Five significant drivers for undocumented migrants to vaccinate their children are social influence, fear of disease, parental trust in healthcare providers, good support, and vaccine availability. Necessary action should be taken immediately to address the problems of vaccinating the children of undocumented migrants to prevent the re-emergence of VPD. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polio" title=" polio"> polio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabah" title=" Sabah"> Sabah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=undocumented%20migrants" title=" undocumented migrants"> undocumented migrants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137394/barriers-and-drivers-towards-the-use-of-childhood-vaccination-services-by-undocumented-migrant-caregivers-in-sabah-malaysia-a-qualitative-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137394.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">285</span> Immunoinformatic Design and Evaluation of an Epitope-Based Tetravalent Vaccine against Human Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliyu%20Maje%20Bello">Aliyu Maje Bello</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yaowaluck%20Maprang%20Roshorm"> Yaowaluck Maprang Roshorm</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a highly contagious viral infection affecting mostly infants and children. Although the Enterovirus A71 (EV71) is usually the major causative agent of HFMD, other enteroviruses such as coxsackievirus A16, A10, and A6 are also found in some of the recent outbreaks. The commercially available vaccines have demonstrated their effectiveness against only EV71 infection but no protection against other enteroviruses. To address the limitation of the monovalent EV71 vaccine, the present study thus designed a tetravalent vaccine against the four major enteroviruses causing HFMD and primarily evaluated the designed vaccine using an immunoinformatics approach. The immunogen was designed to contain the EV71 VP1 protein and multiple reported epitopes from all four distinct enteroviruses and thus designated a tetravalent vaccine. The 3D structure of the designed tetravalent vaccine was modeled, refined, and validated. Epitope screening showed the presence of B-cell, CTL, CD4 T cell, and IFN epitopes with vast application among the Asian population. Docking analysis confirmed the stable and strong binding interactions between the immunogen and immune receptor B-cell receptor (BCR). In silico cloning and immune simulation analyses guaranteed high efficiency and sufficient expression of the vaccine candidate in humans. Overall, the promising results obtained from the in-silico studies of the proposed tetravalent vaccine make it a potential candidate worth further experimental validation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enteroviruses" title="enteroviruses">enteroviruses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coxsackieviruses" title=" coxsackieviruses"> coxsackieviruses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hand%20foot%20and%20mouth%20disease" title=" hand foot and mouth disease"> hand foot and mouth disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunoinformatics" title=" immunoinformatics"> immunoinformatics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tetravalent%20vaccine" title=" tetravalent vaccine"> tetravalent vaccine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177875/immunoinformatic-design-and-evaluation-of-an-epitope-based-tetravalent-vaccine-against-human-hand-foot-and-mouth-disease" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177875.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">284</span> DNA Vaccine Study against Vaccinia Virus Using In vivo Electroporation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jai%20Myung%20Yang">Jai Myung Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Na%20Young%20Kim"> Na Young Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung%20Ho%20Shin"> Sung Ho Shin </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The adverse reactions of current live smallpox vaccines and potential use of smallpox as a bioterror weapon have heightened the development of new effective vaccine for this infectious disease. In the present study, DNA vaccine vector was produced which was optimized for expression of the vaccinia virus L1 antigen in the mouse model. A plasmid IgM-tL1R, which contains codon-optimized L1R gene, was constructed and fused with an IgM signal sequence under the regulation of a SV40 enhancer. The expression and secretion of recombinant L1 protein was confirmed in vitro 293 T cell. Mice were administered the DNA vaccine by electroporation and challenged with vaccinia virus. We observed that immunization with IgM-tL1R induced potent neutralizing antibody responses and provided complete protection against lethal vaccinia virus challenge. Isotyping studies reveal that immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) antibody predominated after the immunization, indicative of a T helper type 1 response. Our results suggest that an optimized DNA vaccine, IgM-tL1R, can be effective in stimulating anti-vaccinia virus immune response and provide protection against lethal orthopoxvirus challenge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%20vaccine" title="DNA vaccine">DNA vaccine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electroporation" title=" electroporation"> electroporation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L1R" title=" L1R"> L1R</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccinia%20virus" title=" vaccinia virus"> vaccinia virus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46318/dna-vaccine-study-against-vaccinia-virus-using-in-vivo-electroporation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46318.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">283</span> Characterization of the Immune Response of Inactivated RVF Vaccine: A Comparative Study in Sheep and Goats as Experimental Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Zaghawa">Ahmed Zaghawa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rift Valley Fever is an economically specific disease of the health and arboviral disease that affects many types of animals, causing significant economic losses in livestock, and it is transmitted to humans and has public health issues. The vaccine program is the backbone for the control of this disease. The goal of this study was to apply a new approach to evaluate the inactivated RVF vaccine developed in Egypt. In this study, the RVF vaccine was evaluated in young puppies and compared with sheep; the findings showed that young puppies were susceptible to infection with the inhibitory RVF virus and had a strong response of antibodies with two doses of the RVF vaccine within the two-week interval. The neutralization indices began to appear to the protective level on the 7th day at 1.35 and steadily elevated at 14,21 and 28 days to 1.35, 1.43, and 1.20, respectively, in comparison to the control group. While in sheep, the neutralization indices began to appear to the protective level on the 7th day at 1.10 and remain strongly at high titer at 14, 21, and 28 days with NI values 1.20, 1.50, and 1.50, respectively. The new approach for comparing the immune response in puppies and sheep via SNT indicated the high response in both species was evident as well as the neutralization indices values in young puppies at different periods after RVF vaccination reported the value of 1.08±0.03, 1.23±0.04, 1.30±0.03, and 1.45±0.02 after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days post-vaccination respectively. On the other side, a nearly similar immune response was noticed in sheep with NI values of 1.15±0.02, 1.27±0.02, 1.42±0.05, and 1.55±0.03 at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days post-vaccination, respectively. In conclusion, young puppies are similar to sheep in developing antibodies after vaccination with the RVF vaccine and can replace sheep for evaluating the efficacy of the RVF vaccine. Further studies are mandatory to assess more recent methods for evaluating inhibition of the RVF vaccine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immune%20response" title="immune response">immune response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=puppies" title=" puppies"> puppies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RVF" title=" RVF"> RVF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sheep" title=" sheep"> sheep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccine" title=" vaccine"> vaccine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136288/characterization-of-the-immune-response-of-inactivated-rvf-vaccine-a-comparative-study-in-sheep-and-goats-as-experimental-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136288.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">282</span> Religious Beliefs versus Child’s Rights: Anti-Vaccine Movement in Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ni%20Luh%20Bayu%20PurwaEka%20Payani">Ni Luh Bayu PurwaEka Payani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Destin%20Ristanti"> Destin Ristanti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Every child has the right to be healthy, and it is a parents’ obligation to fulfill their rights. In order to be healthy and prevented from the outbreak of infectious diseases, some vaccines are required. However, there are groups of people, who consider that vaccines consist of religiously forbidden ingredients. The government of Indonesia legally set the rule that all children must be vaccinated. However, merely based on religious beliefs and not supported by scientific evidence, these people ignore the vaccination. As a result, this anti-vaccine movement caused diphtheria outbreak in 2017. Categorized as a vulnerable group, child`s rights must be fulfilled in any forms. This paper tries to analyze the contradiction between religious beliefs and the fulfillment of child`s rights. Furthermore, it tries to identify the anti-vaccine movement as a form of human rights violation, especially regarding child's rights. This has been done by examining the event of the outbreak of diphtheria in 20 provinces of Indonesia. Furthermore, interview and literature reviews have been done to support the analysis. Through this process, it becomes clear that the anti-vaccine movements driven by religious beliefs did influence the outbreak of diphtheria. Hence, the anti-vaccine movements ignore the long-term effects not only on their own children’s health but also others. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-vaccine%20movement" title="anti-vaccine movement">anti-vaccine movement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20rights" title=" child rights"> child rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religious%20beliefs" title=" religious beliefs"> religious beliefs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=right%20to%20health" title=" right to health"> right to health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96255/religious-beliefs-versus-childs-rights-anti-vaccine-movement-in-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96255.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">281</span> Evaluation of Immune Responses of Gamma-Irradiated, Electron Beam Irradiated FMD Virus Type O/IRN/2007 Vaccines and DNA Vaccine- Based on the VP1 Gene by a Prime-Boost Strategy in a Mouse Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farahnaz%20Motamedi%20Sedeh">Farahnaz Motamedi Sedeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Homayoon%20Mahravani"> Homayoon Mahravani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parvin%20Shawrang"> Parvin Shawrang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Behgar"> Mehdi Behgar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most countries use inactivated binary ethylenimine (BEI) vaccines to control and prevent Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD). However, this vaccine induces a short-term humoral immune response in animals. This study investigated the cellular and humoral immune responses in homologous and prime-boost (PB) groups in the BALB/c mouse model. FMDV strain O/IRN/1/2007 was propagated in the BHK-21 cell line and inactivated by three methods, including a chemical with BEI to produce a conventional vaccine (CV), a gamma irradiation vaccine (GIV), and an electron irradiated vaccine (EIV). Three vaccines were formulated with the adjuvant aluminum hydroxide gel. In addition, a DNA vaccine was prepared by amplifying the virus VP1 gene pcDNA3.1 plasmid. In addition, the plasmid encoding the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene (GM-CSF) was used as a molecular adjuvant. Eleven groups of five mice each were selected, and the vaccines were administered as homologous and heterologous strategy prime-boost (PB) in three doses two weeks apart. After the evaluation of neutralizing antibodies, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-10, interferon-gamma (INF-γ), and MTT assays were compared in the different groups. The pcDNA3.1+VP1 cassette was prepared and confirmed as a DNA vaccine. The virus was inactivated by gamma rays and electron beams at 50 and 55 kGy as GIV and EIV, respectively. Splenic lymphocyte proliferation in the inactivated vaccinated homologous groups was significantly lower (P≤0.05) compared with the heterologous prime-boosts (PB1, PB2, PB3) and DNA + GM-CSF groups (P≤0.05). The highest SNT titer was observed in the inactivated vaccine groups. IFN-γ and IL-2 were higher in the vaccinated groups. It was found that although there was a protective humoral immune response in the groups with inactivated vaccine, there was adequate cellular immunity in the group with the DNA vaccine. However, the strongest cellular and humoral immunity was observed in the PB groups. The primary injection was accompanied by DNA vaccine + GM-CSF and boosted injection with GIV or CV. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20and%20mouth%20disease" title="foot and mouth disease">foot and mouth disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irradiated%20vaccine" title=" irradiated vaccine"> irradiated vaccine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immune%20responses" title=" immune responses"> immune responses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%20vaccine" title=" DNA vaccine"> DNA vaccine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prime%20boost%20strategy" title=" prime boost strategy"> prime boost strategy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193142/evaluation-of-immune-responses-of-gamma-irradiated-electron-beam-irradiated-fmd-virus-type-oirn2007-vaccines-and-dna-vaccine-based-on-the-vp1-gene-by-a-prime-boost-strategy-in-a-mouse-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193142.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">16</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">280</span> Influenza Vaccination Acceptance and Refusal Reasons among Tunisian Elderly</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghassen%20%20Kharroubi">Ghassen Kharroubi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ines%20%20Cherif"> Ines Cherif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leila%20%20Bouabid"> Leila Bouabid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adel%20%20Gharbi"> Adel Gharbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aicha%20%20Boukthir"> Aicha Boukthir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Margaret%20%20McCarron"> Margaret McCarron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nissaf%20%20Ben%20Alaya"> Nissaf Ben Alaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afif%20%20Ben%20Salah"> Afif Ben Salah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jihene%20%20Bettaieb"> Jihene Bettaieb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Influenza vaccination (IV) is recommended for elderly persons, especially those with underlying conditions. In countries where IV rates in the elderly remain unsatisfactory, exploring attitudes of older persons toward the flu vaccine could be useful to identify barriers and facilitators to IV. The aim of this study was to determine the reasons for IV acceptance or decline in the Tunisian elderly. A national cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019, among persons aged 60 years and over with chronic disease. Data were collected using a standard administered questionnaire. Of the 1191 older persons included, 19.4% received the influenza vaccine in the 2018-2019 flu season. The two main reasons that may lead to refusal of vaccination were concerns that the vaccine could cause side effects (71.5%) and a belief that the vaccine was ineffective (33.9%). The main reason that may lead to accepting vaccination was a doctor’s recommendation (41.1%). Doctors were by far the most trusted source for information regarding influenza vaccine (91.5%) followed by pharmacists (17.6%). Our results highlighted the important role that doctors could play in promoting IV among the Tunisian elderly. Physicians should correct misconceptions about adverse events and the efficiency of the vaccine. In fact, influenza vaccines are generally effective and safe among older persons. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitudes" title="attitudes">attitudes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=influenza%20vaccination" title=" influenza vaccination"> influenza vaccination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=older%20persons" title=" older persons"> older persons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisia" title=" Tunisia"> Tunisia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127939/influenza-vaccination-acceptance-and-refusal-reasons-among-tunisian-elderly" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127939.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">279</span> Parental Awareness and Willingness to Vaccinate Adolescent Daughters against Human Papilloma Virus for Cervical Cancer Prevention in Eastern Region of Kenya: Towards Affirmative Action</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jacinta%20Musyoka">Jacinta Musyoka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wesley%20Too"> Wesley Too</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Kenya and the second most common cancer among women, yet preventable following prevention strategies put in place, which includes vaccination with Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine (HPPV) among the young adolescent girls. Kenya has the highest burden of cervical cancer and the leading cause of death among women of reproductive age and is a known frequent type of cancer amongst women. This is expected to double by 2025 if the necessary steps are not taken, which include vaccinating girls between the ages of 9 and 14 and screening women. Parental decision is critical in ensuring that their daughters receive this vaccine. Hence this study sought to establish parental willingness and factors associate with the acceptability to vaccine adolescent daughters against the human papilloma virus for cervical cancer prevention in Machakos County, Eastern Region of Kenya. Method: Cross-sectional study design utilizing a mixed methods approach was used to collect data from Nguluni Health Centre in Machakos County; Matungulu sub-county, Kenya. This study targeted all parents of adolescent girls seeking health care services in the Matungulu sub-county area who were aged 18 years and above. A total of 220 parents with adolescent girls aged 10-14 years were enrolled into the study after informed consent were sought. All ethical considerations were observed. Quantitative data were analyzed using Multivariate regression analysis, and thematic analysis was used for qualitative data related to perceptions of parents on HPVV. Results, conclusions, and recommendations- ongoing. We expect to report findings and articulate contributions based on the study findings in due course before October 2022 <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescents" title="adolescents">adolescents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20papilloma%20virus" title=" human papilloma virus"> human papilloma virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kenya" title=" kenya"> kenya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parents" title=" parents"> parents</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153940/parental-awareness-and-willingness-to-vaccinate-adolescent-daughters-against-human-papilloma-virus-for-cervical-cancer-prevention-in-eastern-region-of-kenya-towards-affirmative-action" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153940.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">278</span> Evaluation of Antibody Titer Produced in Layer Chicken after Vaccination with an Experimental Ornitobacterium rhinotracheal Vaccine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Javad%20Mehrabanpour">Mohammad Javad Mehrabanpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Hosein%20Hosseini"> Mohammad Hosein Hosseini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Shirazi"> Ali Shirazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dorsa%20Mehrabanpour"> Dorsa Mehrabanpour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Respiratory infections are the most important diseases that affect poultry. Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale is a bacterium that causes respiratory infections including alveolar inflation and pneumonia in birds. The aim of this study was to evaluated antibody titer against Ornitobacterium rhinotracheal in layer chicken sera after vaccination with an experimental ORT vaccine that produced in Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute. Cultured bacteria were inactivated by formalin, and controlled tests were conducted on it. The obtained antigens were formulated using Montanide oil and were homogenized using homogenizer. Eighty SPF chickens were kept until the age of 14 days under existing standards for temperature, humidity, and light. At the age of 14 days, chickens were divided into 3 groups. The first group included 50 chickens injected with prepared ORT vaccine, the second group, as control group, included 15 chickens injected with sterile PBS to get stress of infection and the third group included 15 chickens with no injection performed to them. All 3 groups were kept in separate cages at same room. Blood samples were regularly taken from the chickens every week for serum separation and evaluation of antibody titer. During the fifth week post vaccination, booster vaccine was injected into the chickens of vaccinated group. The chickens were inspected every day in terms of mortality as well as any injection site reactions. Three weeks after the booster injection, blood samples were taken from all chickens of all groups, and sera were isolated. The sera of immunized (vaccinated) SPF chickens with ORT vaccine as well as that of SPF chickens in the control groups were reviewed according to the recommendations of ELISA kit manufacturer to examine the chicken’s humeral immune response to the studied vaccine. Potency, stability and sterility tests were also performed on the above mentioned vaccine. Results obtained indicate high antibody titer in sera of chickens vaccinated with experimental ORT vaccine as compared with the control groups that emphasize the ability of experimentally prepared ORT vaccine to stimulate humoral immune response of chicken. After the second injection, antibody titer increased and remained almost stable up to 9 weeks after the injection. ORT vaccine can cause potency in chickens and can protect them against disease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibody" title="antibody">antibody</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layer%20chicken" title=" layer chicken"> layer chicken</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ornithobactrium%20rhinotracitis" title=" Ornithobactrium rhinotracitis"> Ornithobactrium rhinotracitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccine" title=" vaccine"> vaccine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75131/evaluation-of-antibody-titer-produced-in-layer-chicken-after-vaccination-with-an-experimental-ornitobacterium-rhinotracheal-vaccine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75131.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">277</span> Association of Major Histocompatibility Complex Alleles with Antibody Response to Newcastle Vaccine in Chicken</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atefeh%20Esmailnejad">Atefeh Esmailnejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gholam%20Reza%20Nikbakht%20Brujeni"> Gholam Reza Nikbakht Brujeni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is the best-characterized genetic region associated with susceptibility and/or resistance to a wide range of infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases and immune responses to vaccines. It has been demonstrated that there is an association between the MHC and resistance to Marek disease, Newcastle disease, Rous sarcoma tumor, Avian leucosis, Fowl cholera, Salmonellosis and Pasteurellosis in chicken. The present study evaluated the MHC polymorphism and its association with antibody response to Newcastle (ND) vaccine in Iranian native chickens. The MHC polymorphism was investigated using LEI0258 microsatellite locus by PCR-based fragment analysis. LEI0258 microsatellite marker is a genetic indicator for MHC, which is located on microchromosome 16 and strongly associated with serologically defined MHC haplotypes. Antibody titer against ND vaccine was measured by Haemaglutination Inhibition (HI) assay. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 21). Total of 13 LEI0258 microsatellite alleles were identified in 72 samples which indicated a high genetic diversity in the population. The association study revealed a significant influence of MHC alleles on immune responses to Newcastle vaccine. 311 and 313 bp alleles were significantly associated with elevated immune responses to Newcastle vaccine (p<0.05). These results would be applicable in designing and improving the populations under selective breeding. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chicken" title="chicken">chicken</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LEI0258" title=" LEI0258"> LEI0258</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MHC" title=" MHC"> MHC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Newcastle%20vaccine" title=" Newcastle vaccine"> Newcastle vaccine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67912/association-of-major-histocompatibility-complex-alleles-with-antibody-response-to-newcastle-vaccine-in-chicken" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67912.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">436</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">276</span> Safety and Efficacy of Recombinant Clostridium botulinum Types B Vaccine Candidate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mi-Hye%20Hwang">Mi-Hye Hwang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Min%20Son"> Young Min Son</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kichan%20Lee"> Kichan Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bang-Hun%20Hyun"> Bang-Hun Hyun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Byeong%20Yeal%20Jung">Byeong Yeal Jung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Botulism is a paralytic disease of human beings and animals caused by neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum. The neurotoxins are genetically distinguished into 8 types, A to H. Ingestion of performed toxin, usually types B, C, and D, have been shown to produce diseases in most cases of cattle botulism. Vaccination is the best measure to prevent cattle botulism. However, the commercially available toxoid-based vaccines are difficult and hazardous to produce. We produced recombinant protein using gene of heavy chain domain of botulinum toxin B of which binds to cellular receptor of neuron cells and used as immunogen. In this study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of botulism vaccine composed of recombinant types B. Safety test was done by National Regulation for Veterinary Biologicals. For efficacy test, female ICR mice (5 weeks old) were subcutaneously injected, intraperitoneally challenged, and examined the survival rates compared with vaccination and non-vaccination group. Mouse survival rate of recombinant types B vaccine was above 80%, while one of non-vaccination group was 0%. A vaccine composed of recombinant types B was safe and efficacious in mouse. Our results suggest that recombinant heavy chain receptor binding domain can be used as an effective vaccine candidate for type B botulism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=botulism" title="botulism">botulism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=livestock" title=" livestock"> livestock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccine" title=" vaccine"> vaccine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recombinant%20protein" title=" recombinant protein"> recombinant protein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxin" title=" toxin"> toxin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80612/safety-and-efficacy-of-recombinant-clostridium-botulinum-types-b-vaccine-candidate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80612.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">239</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">275</span> Biodegradable Poly D,L-Lactide-Co-Glycolic Acid Microparticle Vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila Infection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saekil%20Yun">Saekil Yun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sib%20Sankar%20Giri"> Sib Sankar Giri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin%20Woo%20Jun"> Jin Woo Jun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyoun%20Joong%20Kim"> Hyoun Joong Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang%20Guen%20Kim"> Sang Guen Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang%20Wha%20Kim"> Sang Wha Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung%20Woo%20Kang"> Jung Woo Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Se%20Jin%20Han"> Se Jin Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Se%20Chang%20Park"> Se Chang Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In aquaculture, vaccination is important to control and prevent diseases. In the study, we utilized poly D,L-lactide-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microparticles (MPs) for encapsulating formalin-killed Aeromonas hydrophila cells. To assess the innate and adaptive immune responses, carps and loaches were used for the experiments. Fish were divided into three groups (A, B, C). Total antigen of 0.1 ml vaccine was adjusted by 2 x 108 CFU and injected via intraperitoneal route. Group A was vaccinated with 0.1 ml of PLGA vaccine, group B was with 0.1 ml of FKC vaccine and group C was with 0.1 ml of sterile PBS. All three groups were challenged with A. hydrophila and challenge dose was lethal dose (LD50). Loaches and carp were then challenged with A. hydrophila at 12 and 20 weeks post vaccination (wpv), and 10 and 14 wpv, respectively, and relative survival rates were calculated. For both fish species, the curve of antibody titer over time was shallower in the PLGA group than the FKC group and the PLGA groups demonstrated higher survival rates at all time-points. In the groups of PLGA-MP, relative mRNA levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, lysozyme C and IgM were significantly upregulated than FKC treated groups. Biodegradable PLGA microparticle vaccine could induce longer immune responses than original FKC vaccines to protect from A. hydrophila infection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PLGA" title="PLGA">PLGA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microparticles" title=" microparticles"> microparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aeromonas%20hydrophila" title=" Aeromonas hydrophila"> Aeromonas hydrophila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccine" title=" vaccine"> vaccine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80486/biodegradable-poly-dl-lactide-co-glycolic-acid-microparticle-vaccine-against-aeromonas-hydrophila-infection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80486.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">274</span> Proteomic Analysis of Excretory Secretory Antigen (ESA) from Entamoeba histolytica HM1: IMSS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Othman">N. Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Ujang"> J. Ujang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20N.%20Ismail"> M. N. Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Noordin"> R. Noordin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20H.%20Lim"> B. H. Lim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Amoebiasis is caused by the Entamoeba histolytica and still endemic in many parts of the tropical region, worldwide. Currently, there is no available vaccine against amoebiasis. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop a vaccine. The excretory secretory antigen (ESA) of E. histolytica is a suitable biomarker for the vaccine candidate since it can modulate the host immune response. Hence, the objective of this study is to identify the proteome of the ESA towards finding suitable biomarker for the vaccine candidate. The non-gel based and gel-based proteomics analyses were performed to identify proteins. Two kinds of mass spectrometry with different ionization systems were utilized i.e. LC-MS/MS (ESI) and MALDI-TOF/TOF. Then, the functional proteins classification analysis was performed using PANTHER software. Combination of the LC -MS/MS for the non-gel based and MALDI-TOF/TOF for the gel-based approaches identified a total of 273 proteins from the ESA. Both systems identified 29 similar proteins whereby 239 and 5 more proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS and MALDI-TOF/TOF, respectively. Functional classification analysis showed the majority of proteins involved in the metabolic process (24%), primary metabolic process (19%) and protein metabolic process (10%). Thus, this study has revealed the proteome the E. histolytica ESA and the identified proteins merit further investigations as a vaccine candidate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20histolytica" title="E. histolytica">E. histolytica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ESA" title=" ESA"> ESA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proteomics" title=" proteomics"> proteomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomarker" title=" biomarker "> biomarker </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34707/proteomic-analysis-of-excretory-secretory-antigen-esa-from-entamoeba-histolytica-hm1-imss" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34707.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> 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