CINXE.COM
Sign in | The Guardian
<!DOCTYPE html> <!-- Request ID: b0f62e47 --> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset='utf-8' /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#052962" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://static.guim.co.uk/images/favicon-32x32.ico"> <title>Sign in | The Guardian</title> <script src="https://assets.guim.co.uk/polyfill.io/v3/polyfill.min.js?features=es2015%2Ces2016%2Ces2017%2Ces2018%2Ces2019%2Ces2020%2Ces2021%2Ces2022%2Cfetch%2CglobalThis%2CURLSearchParams" defer></script> <script type="module" src="/static/runtime.b2b720c1751ece50fde8.js" defer></script> <script type="module" src="/static/vendors.68ee164c52d90feb4a60.js" defer></script> <script type="module" src="/static/main.86e8387b3f2a0f5575d9.js" defer></script> <script nomodule src="/static/runtime.legacy.0029dc49de8ed6033d41.js" defer></script> <script nomodule src="/static/vendors.legacy.7b594779c0d6a69c596b.js" defer></script> <script nomodule src="/static/main.legacy.9974dd33990ad0bcb8fe.js" defer></script> <script id="routingConfig" type="application/json">{"clientState":{"csrf":{"token":"1OUhx4gf-kX2aJiINBls6aEhhsHEnWeuUOJw"},"globalMessage":{},"pageData":{"geolocation":"ROW","returnUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Ftheguardian.com","hasStateHandle":false,"passcodeUsed":false},"abTesting":{"mvtId":0,"forcedTestVariants":{},"participations":{}},"clientHosts":{"idapiBaseUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fidapi.theguardian.com","oauthBaseUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Foauth.theguardian.com"},"recaptchaConfig":{"recaptchaSiteKey":"6LdWnfoUAAAAAKAE3PTWGLw8m_lV4PFqm2pft3DQ"},"queryParams":{"returnUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Ftheguardian.com","componentEventParams":"componentType=identityauthentication&componentId=signin_to_comment"},"sentryConfig":{"build":"10222","stage":"PROD","dsn":"https:\u002F\u002Ffa6dbd97a7af4ea892d811250bb14b03@o14302.ingest.sentry.io\u002F6138895"},"shortRequestId":"b0f62e47"},"location":"\u002Fsignin"}</script> <style> *, *:before, *:after { box-sizing: border-box; } html { -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; /* always show the vertical scroll bar to stop the page * jumping about when navigating between pages where * one has content shorter than the viewport */ overflow-y: scroll; } html, body { text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; font-feature-settings: 'kern'; font-kerning: normal; /* Safari 7+, Firefox 24+, Chrome 33(?)+, Opera 21 */ font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; } body { background-color: #FFFFFF; color: #121212; } em { font-style: italic; } </style> </head> <body style="margin:0"> <div id="app"><style data-emotion="css-global 1isb0g9">@font-face{font-family:GT Guardian Titlepiece;font-weight:700;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-titlepiece/noalts-not-hinted/GTGuardianTitlepiece-Bold.woff2) format('woff2'),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-titlepiece/noalts-not-hinted/GTGuardianTitlepiece-Bold.woff) format('woff'),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-titlepiece/noalts-not-hinted/GTGuardianTitlepiece-Bold.ttf) format('ttf');font-display:swap;}@font-face{font-family:GH Guardian Headline;font-weight:700;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.woff2) format('woff2'),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.woff) format('woff'),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.ttf) format('ttf');font-display:swap;}@font-face{font-family:GH Guardian Headline;font-weight:500;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.woff2) format('woff2'),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.woff) format('woff'),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.ttf) format('ttf');font-display:swap;}@font-face{font-family:GH Guardian Headline;font-weight:500;font-style:italic;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.woff2) format('woff2'),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.woff) format('woff'),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.ttf) format('ttf');font-display:swap;}@font-face{font-family:GH Guardian Headline;font-weight:300;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff2) format('woff2'),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff) format('woff'),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.ttf) format('ttf');font-display:swap;}@font-face{font-family:GH Guardian Headline;font-weight:300;font-style:italic;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff2) format('woff2'),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff) format('woff'),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.ttf) format('ttf');font-display:swap;}@font-face{font-family:GuardianTextEgyptian;font-weight:700;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-Bold.woff2) format('woff2'),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-Bold.woff) format('woff'),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-Bold.ttf) format('ttf');font-display:swap;}@font-face{font-family:GuardianTextEgyptian;font-weight:700;font-style:italic;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-BoldItalic.woff2) format('woff2'),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-BoldItalic.woff) format('woff'),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-BoldItalic.ttf) format('ttf');font-display:swap;}@font-face{font-family:GuardianTextEgyptian;font-weight:400;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-Regular.woff2) format('woff2'),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-Regular.woff) format('woff'),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-Regular.ttf) format('ttf');font-display:swap;}@font-face{font-family:GuardianTextEgyptian;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-RegularItalic.woff2) format('woff2'),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-RegularItalic.woff) format('woff'),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-RegularItalic.ttf) format('ttf');font-display:swap;}@font-face{font-family:GuardianTextSans;font-weight:700;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-Bold.woff2) format('woff2'),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-Bold.woff) format('woff'),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-Bold.ttf) format('ttf');font-display:swap;}@font-face{font-family:GuardianTextSans;font-weight:400;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-Regular.woff2) format('woff2'),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-Regular.woff) format('woff'),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-Regular.ttf) format('ttf');font-display:swap;}@font-face{font-family:GuardianTextSans;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-RegularItalic.woff2) format('woff2'),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-RegularItalic.woff) format('woff'),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-RegularItalic.ttf) format('ttf');font-display:swap;}html{height:100%;box-sizing:border-box;}body{height:100%;color:#121212;}#app{min-height:100%;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}*,*:before,*:after{box-sizing:inherit;}.grecaptcha-badge{visibility:hidden;}</style><style data-emotion="css-global 1btfxkp-#052962-#DCDCDC-#052962-#DCDCDC">:root{--color-background:#FFFFFF;--color-logo:#052962;--color-heading:#052962;--color-text:#121212;--color-strong-text:#052962;--color-info-box-background:#EDEDED;--color-info-box-text:#121212;--color-link:#0077B6;--color-button-primary-border:#052962;--color-button-primary-text:#FFFFFF;--color-button-primary-background:#052962;--color-button-primary-background-hover:#234b8a;--color-button-secondary-border:#052962;--color-button-secondary-text:#052962;--color-button-secondary-background:#FFFFFF;--color-button-secondary-background-hover:#EDEDED;--color-divider:#bcbcbc;--color-input-border:#707070;--color-input-background:#FFFFFF;--color-input-text:#052962;--color-input-label:#052962;--color-input-error:#C70000;--color-input-success:#22874D;--color-input-highlight:#F6F6F6;--color-toggle-inactive-background:#707070;--color-toggle-inactive-switch:#FFFFFF;--color-toggle-active-background:#22874D;--color-toggle-active-switch:#FFFFFF;--color-toggle-text:#121212;--color-alert-info:#707070;--color-alert-error:#C70000;--color-alert-success:#22874D;}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){:root{--color-background:#000000;--color-logo:#DCDCDC;--color-heading:#DCDCDC;--color-text:#DCDCDC;--color-strong-text:#DCDCDC;--color-info-box-background:#333333;--color-info-box-text:#DCDCDC;--color-link:#DCDCDC;--color-button-primary-border:#FFFFFF;--color-button-primary-text:#052962;--color-button-primary-background:#FFFFFF;--color-button-primary-background-hover:#DCDCDC;--color-button-secondary-border:#999999;--color-button-secondary-text:#FFFFFF;--color-button-secondary-background:#000000;--color-button-secondary-background-hover:#333333;--color-divider:#545454;--color-input-border:#999999;--color-input-background:#000000;--color-input-text:#DCDCDC;--color-input-label:#DCDCDC;--color-input-error:#FF9081;--color-input-success:#58D08B;--color-input-highlight:#121212;--color-toggle-inactive-background:#999999;--color-toggle-inactive-switch:#000000;--color-toggle-active-background:#58D08B;--color-toggle-active-switch:#000000;--color-toggle-text:#DCDCDC;--color-alert-info:#999999;--color-alert-error:#FF9081;--color-alert-success:#58D08B;}}html.light-theme{--color-background:#FFFFFF;--color-logo:#052962;--color-heading:#052962;--color-text:#121212;--color-strong-text:#052962;--color-info-box-background:#EDEDED;--color-info-box-text:#121212;--color-link:#0077B6;--color-button-primary-border:#052962;--color-button-primary-text:#FFFFFF;--color-button-primary-background:#052962;--color-button-primary-background-hover:#234b8a;--color-button-secondary-border:#052962;--color-button-secondary-text:#052962;--color-button-secondary-background:#FFFFFF;--color-button-secondary-background-hover:#EDEDED;--color-divider:#bcbcbc;--color-input-border:#707070;--color-input-background:#FFFFFF;--color-input-text:#052962;--color-input-label:#052962;--color-input-error:#C70000;--color-input-success:#22874D;--color-input-highlight:#F6F6F6;--color-toggle-inactive-background:#707070;--color-toggle-inactive-switch:#FFFFFF;--color-toggle-active-background:#22874D;--color-toggle-active-switch:#FFFFFF;--color-toggle-text:#121212;--color-alert-info:#707070;--color-alert-error:#C70000;--color-alert-success:#22874D;}html.dark-theme{--color-background:#000000;--color-logo:#DCDCDC;--color-heading:#DCDCDC;--color-text:#DCDCDC;--color-strong-text:#DCDCDC;--color-info-box-background:#333333;--color-info-box-text:#DCDCDC;--color-link:#DCDCDC;--color-button-primary-border:#FFFFFF;--color-button-primary-text:#052962;--color-button-primary-background:#FFFFFF;--color-button-primary-background-hover:#DCDCDC;--color-button-secondary-border:#999999;--color-button-secondary-text:#FFFFFF;--color-button-secondary-background:#000000;--color-button-secondary-background-hover:#333333;--color-divider:#545454;--color-input-border:#999999;--color-input-background:#000000;--color-input-text:#DCDCDC;--color-input-label:#DCDCDC;--color-input-error:#FF9081;--color-input-success:#58D08B;--color-input-highlight:#121212;--color-toggle-inactive-background:#999999;--color-toggle-inactive-switch:#000000;--color-toggle-active-background:#58D08B;--color-toggle-active-switch:#000000;--color-toggle-text:#DCDCDC;--color-alert-info:#999999;--color-alert-error:#FF9081;--color-alert-success:#58D08B;}body{background:var(--color-background);}</style><style data-emotion="css y5wc96">.css-y5wc96{border-bottom:1px solid #707070;padding:1rem 1rem 0.5rem 1.25rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;justify-content:flex-end;}</style><header class="css-y5wc96"><style data-emotion="css 16gtarq">.css-16gtarq{height:2rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}.css-16gtarq svg{fill:var(--color-logo);height:100%;}@media (min-width: 980px){.css-16gtarq{height:5.5rem;}}</style><div class="css-16gtarq"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 -3 300 100" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M0 70.8c0-19.5 13-26.4 27.3-26.4 6.1 0 12 1 15.1 2.3l.3 13.6h-1.4L33 47.2c-1.5-.7-2.8-.9-5.4-.9-7.6 0-11.5 8.8-11.4 23.3.1 17.3 3.1 25.1 10.2 25.1 1.8 0 3.2-.2 4.2-.7V75.5l-4.7-2.7v-1.5h22.5V73l-4.6 2.5v18.3a50.1 50.1 0 0 1-17 2.9C10.5 96.7 0 89 0 70.8Z"></path><path d="m142.8 57.9 1.2.1v11h.3c1.6-8 5.2-11 9.5-11 .7 0 1.5 0 1.9.2v11.2c-.7-.2-2-.2-3.1-.2-3.4 0-6 .6-8.2 1.6v21.7l3.4 1.9v1.4h-19.5v-1.4l3.5-2V63l-4.1-1.2v-1l15-2.8Z"></path><path d="M110.2 74v-4.9c0-7.4-1.6-9.9-6.2-9.9l-1.6.2-8.2 11h-1.1V60.3c3.5-1.1 7.9-2.4 13.7-2.4 10 0 15.8 2.8 15.8 11.1v24l3.6 1v1c-1.4.8-4.2 1.6-7.3 1.6-5 0-7.3-1.6-8.4-4.3h-.4c-2 2.8-5 4.4-9.7 4.4-6 0-10-3.7-10-10S94.2 77 102 75.5l8.1-1.6Zm0 16.6V75.8l-2.5.2c-4 .3-5.3 2.8-5.3 8.3 0 6 2 7.6 4.7 7.6 1.5 0 2.4-.5 3.1-1.3Z"></path><path d="M47.5 61.7v-1.1l15-2.7 1.7.2v29.6c0 3.6 1.7 4.7 4.6 4.7 1.9 0 3.6-.7 4.9-2.3V63.5l-4.1-1.8v-1.1l15-2.7 1.6.1v34l4 1.7v1l-14.9 1.9-1.5-.1V92h-.4a16.8 16.8 0 0 1-11.3 4.7c-7.2 0-10.5-4.2-10.5-10.7V63.5l-4.1-1.8Z"></path><path d="M261.5 92.5V63l-4.2-1.4v-1.5l15-2.7h1.5V62h.5c3.2-2.9 8-4.7 12.8-4.7 6.5 0 9.4 3 9.4 10v25.1l3.5 2v1.4h-19.5v-1.4l3.5-2V68c0-3.8-1.7-5.3-4.8-5.3-2 0-3.6.5-5.1 1.6v28.3l3.4 1.9v1.4h-19.6v-1.4l3.6-2Z"></path><path d="m214 57.8 1.4.2v34.5l3.4 1.9v1.4h-19.5v-1.4l3.5-2v-29l-4.2-1.6v-1.2l15.5-2.8Zm1.5-9.3c0 3.7-3.1 6.4-6.7 6.4a6.4 6.4 0 0 1-6.6-6.4c0-3.6 2.9-6.4 6.6-6.4 3.6 0 6.7 2.8 6.7 6.4Z"></path><path d="M239.8 74v-4.9c0-7.4-1.7-9.9-6.2-9.9l-1.6.2-8.2 11h-1.1V60.3c3.5-1.1 7.9-2.4 13.7-2.4 10 0 15.8 2.8 15.8 11.1v24l3.6 1v1c-1.4.8-4.2 1.6-7.4 1.6-5 0-7.3-1.6-8.4-4.3h-.3c-2 2.8-5 4.4-9.7 4.4-6 0-10-3.7-10-10s3.8-9.6 11.7-11.1l8-1.6Zm0 16.6V75.8l-2.5.2c-4 .3-5.4 2.8-5.4 8.3 0 6 2 7.6 4.8 7.6 1.5 0 2.4-.5 3-1.3Z"></path><path d="M180.6 58.8V47.2l-4.1-1.4v-1l15.2-2.7 1.5.2V92l4.2 1.5v1.3l-15 2-1.2-.2v-4h-.4a13.4 13.4 0 0 1-10 4.1c-8.1 0-14.1-6.2-14.1-19 0-13.5 7-20 17.5-20 3 0 5.3.5 6.4 1.1Zm0 31.8V61c-1-.6-1.7-1.4-4.2-1.3-4 .2-6.6 6.3-6.6 17.2 0 9.8 1.9 15.3 7.3 15.1 1.5 0 2.7-.6 3.5-1.3Z"></path><path d="m68.1 51.6 5.2-2.7V8.5h-4L60 21.1h-1.1l.6-14h41.3l.6 14H100L90.8 8.5h-4v40.3l5.2 2.7V53H68.1v-1.3Z"></path><path d="M105.4 49.8V5l-4-1.6v-.8L115.9 0h1.5v21.2l.4-.4c3.2-2.8 7.8-4.5 12.4-4.5 6.3 0 9.1 3.5 9.1 10.2v23.3l3.4 1.8V53h-18.9v-1.4l3.4-1.8V26.4c0-3.7-1.6-5.1-4.6-5.1a8 8 0 0 0-5 1.6v27l3.3 1.8V53h-19v-1.3l3.5-2Z"></path><path d="M153.7 36c.4 7.4 3.7 13.1 11.6 13.1 3.8 0 6.5-1.7 9-3v1.4c-1.9 2.7-6.9 6.5-13.8 6.5-12.2 0-18.5-6.8-18.5-18.5 0-11.5 6.8-18.6 17.9-18.6 10.3 0 15.7 5.2 15.7 18.8v.3h-21.9Zm-.2-1.7 10.8-.6c0-9.2-1.6-15.3-4.8-15.3-3.3 0-6 7-6 16Z"></path></svg><style data-emotion="css 1p0hins">.css-1p0hins{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;border:0;clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);clip-path:inset(50%);}</style><span class="css-1p0hins">The Guardian</span></div></header><style data-emotion="css qg5f0b">.css-qg5f0b{padding:0.75rem 1rem 1rem 1rem;max-width:460px;width:100%;margin:0 auto;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;gap:1.25rem;}@media (min-width: 980px){.css-qg5f0b{padding:4rem 1rem 1rem 1rem;}}</style><main class="css-qg5f0b"><header><style data-emotion="css 1tfp4pj">.css-1tfp4pj{color:var(--color-heading);font-family:"GH Guardian Headline","Guardian Egyptian Web",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.75rem;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:3px;margin:0;}</style><h1 class="css-1tfp4pj">Sign in</h1></header><style data-emotion="css jckhu">.css-jckhu{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;color:var(--color-text);margin:0;}.css-jckhu strong{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;color:var(--color-strong-text);}.css-jckhu a{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;color:var(--color-link);}.css-jckhu a strong{color:var(--color-link);}</style><p class="css-jckhu">One account to access all Guardian products.</p><style data-emotion="css t9ru4u">.css-t9ru4u{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;gap:0.75rem;}</style><section class="css-t9ru4u"><style data-emotion="css gsjv6q">.css-gsjv6q{background-color:var(--color-info-box-background);color:var(--color-info-box-text);border-radius:4px;padding:0.5rem 0.75rem 1rem 0.75rem;}</style><div class="css-gsjv6q"><style data-emotion="css h996v6">.css-h996v6{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;margin:0 0 0.5rem 0;}.css-h996v6:last-of-type{margin:0;}.css-h996v6 a,.css-h996v6 button{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;}</style><div class="css-h996v6">By proceeding, you agree to our <style data-emotion="css 1ss633q">.css-1ss633q{position:relative;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;cursor:pointer;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-position:under;text-underline-offset:5%;display:inline;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;color:#0077B6;color:var(--color-link);}.css-1ss633q:focus{outline:0;}html:not(.src-focus-disabled) .css-1ss633q:focus{box-shadow:0 0 0 3px #0077B6;}.css-1ss633q:hover{text-decoration-thickness:var(--source-text-decoration-thickness, auto);}.css-1ss633q:hover{color:#0077B6;}.css-1ss633q:hover{color:var(--color-link);}</style><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/help/terms-of-service" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="css-1ss633q">terms and conditions</a>. For information about how we use your data, see our <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/help/privacy-policy" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="css-1ss633q">privacy policy</a>.</div></div><div class="css-t9ru4u"><style data-emotion="css 12yg2tb">.css-12yg2tb{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;box-sizing:border-box;border:none;background:transparent;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:.3s ease-in-out;transition:.3s ease-in-out;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:middle;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:44px;min-height:44px;padding:0 20px;border-radius:44px;padding-bottom:2px;background-color:transparent;color:#052962;border:1px solid #052962;-webkit-flex-direction:row-reverse;-ms-flex-direction:row-reverse;flex-direction:row-reverse;width:100%;margin:0 auto;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;background-color:var(--color-button-secondary-background);border-color:var(--color-button-secondary-border);color:var(--color-button-secondary-text);}.css-12yg2tb:disabled{cursor:not-allowed;}.css-12yg2tb:focus{outline:0;}html:not(.src-focus-disabled) .css-12yg2tb:focus{outline:5px solid #0077B6;outline-offset:3px;}.css-12yg2tb:hover{background-color:#E5E5E5;}.css-12yg2tb svg{-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;display:block;fill:currentColor;position:relative;width:30px;height:auto;}.css-12yg2tb .src-button-space{width:12px;}.css-12yg2tb svg{margin-left:-4px;}@media (min-width: 740px){.css-12yg2tb{max-width:100%;}}.css-12yg2tb:disabled{cursor:not-allowed;}.css-12yg2tb:hover{background-color:var(--color-button-secondary-background-hover);}</style><a href="/signin/google?componentEventParams=componentType%3Didentityauthentication%26componentId%3Dsignin_to_comment&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ftheguardian.com" data-cy="google-sign-in-button" data-link-name="google-social-button" class="css-12yg2tb">Continue with Google<div class="src-button-space"></div><svg viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.545 7.648c.395-.87.954-1.629 1.61-2.316 1.483-1.554 3.278-2.55 5.404-2.889 2.974-.475 5.637.226 7.938 2.208.145.125.18.198.023.353-.812.795-1.611 1.603-2.415 2.407-.083.082-.139.183-.285.048-2.026-1.856-5.332-1.834-7.485.167a6.2 6.2 0 0 0-1.608 2.455c-.05-.032-.103-.062-.15-.098z" fill="#D7282A"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12.143 21.691c-2.159-.002-4.18-.695-6.039-2.161a9 9 0 0 1-2.567-3.2l3.166-2.458c.29.737.651 1.435 1.188 2.027 1.363 1.506 3.053 2.156 5.079 1.945.94-.097 1.798-.416 2.599-.906l.073.067q.077.073.158.139l2.815 2.193a8.06 8.06 0 0 1-3.631 1.984 11.6 11.6 0 0 1-2.841.37" fill="#45AC43"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="m18.615 19.337-.541-.421-2.274-1.772a2 2 0 0 1-.158-.14l-.073-.066c.635-.485 1.165-1.058 1.514-1.787.139-.29.236-.594.328-.902.064-.212.044-.294-.218-.292-1.175.01-2.35.009-3.526.007h-1.16c-.33 0-.33 0-.33-.343v-.847c.001-.776.002-1.552-.005-2.328v-.014c0-.194.039-.268.261-.268h.003q4.32.01 8.642.002c.155 0 .253.012.28.2q.14.965.142 1.905v.04c-.003 1.816-.414 3.562-1.39 5.206-.403.68-.888 1.303-1.495 1.82" fill="#5D7FBE"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M6.703 13.872 3.537 16.33c-.515-.958-.813-1.987-.951-3.06a9.6 9.6 0 0 1 .811-5.349c.044-.094.099-.182.148-.273Q5.06 8.816 6.577 9.983c.047.036.1.066.15.098-.423 1.261-.402 2.525-.024 3.791" fill="#F4C300"></path></svg></a><a href="/signin/apple?componentEventParams=componentType%3Didentityauthentication%26componentId%3Dsignin_to_comment&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ftheguardian.com" data-cy="apple-sign-in-button" data-link-name="apple-social-button" class="css-12yg2tb">Continue with Apple<div class="src-button-space"></div><style data-emotion="css la29bb">.css-la29bb svg path{fill:var(--color-button-secondary-text)!important;}</style><div class="css-la29bb"><svg viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M12.379 5.615c.903 0 2.034-.61 2.708-1.424.61-.737 1.055-1.767 1.055-2.797 0-.14-.012-.28-.038-.394-1.004.038-2.212.674-2.937 1.526-.572.648-1.093 1.665-1.093 2.708 0 .153.025.305.038.356.063.013.165.025.267.025M9.2 21c1.234 0 1.78-.826 3.319-.826 1.564 0 1.907.8 3.28.8 1.348 0 2.25-1.245 3.102-2.466.954-1.399 1.348-2.772 1.374-2.835-.09-.026-2.67-1.081-2.67-4.044 0-2.568 2.034-3.725 2.148-3.814-1.347-1.933-3.395-1.983-3.954-1.983-1.513 0-2.746.915-3.522.915-.839 0-1.945-.865-3.255-.865C6.53 5.882 4 7.942 4 11.832c0 2.417.94 4.972 2.098 6.625C7.09 19.856 7.954 21 9.2 21" fill="black"></path></svg></div></a></div><style data-emotion="css pvx322">.css-pvx322{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;color:#707070;margin-bottom:-10px;width:100%;margin-top:36px;margin-top:0.5rem;margin-bottom:0;color:var(--color-divider);}.css-pvx322:before,.css-pvx322:after{content:'';-webkit-flex:1 1;-ms-flex:1 1;flex:1 1;border-bottom:1px solid #DCDCDC;margin:auto;}.css-pvx322:before{margin-left:30%;margin-right:10px;}.css-pvx322:after{margin-right:30%;margin-left:10px;}.css-pvx322:before,.css-pvx322:after{content:'';-webkit-flex:1 1;-ms-flex:1 1;flex:1 1;border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-divider);margin:8px;}</style><div class="css-pvx322">or continue with</div><style data-emotion="css 1pw6os9">.css-1pw6os9{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;gap:0.75rem;}.css-1pw6os9 a{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;}</style><form method="post" action="/signin?componentEventParams=componentType%3Didentityauthentication%26componentId%3Dsignin_to_comment&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ftheguardian.com" data-testid="main-form" class="css-1pw6os9"><style data-emotion="css wyp7vc">.css-wyp7vc{margin-top:-0.75rem;}</style><div id="recaptcha" class="g-recaptcha css-wyp7vc"></div><input type="hidden" name="_csrf" value="1OUhx4gf-kX2aJiINBls6aEhhsHEnWeuUOJw"/><input type="hidden" name="_csrfPageUrl"/><input type="hidden" name="ref"/><input type="hidden" name="refViewId"/><div><label for="P0-0" class="css-0"><style data-emotion="css 1daa38r">.css-1daa38r{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;color:var(--color-input-label);}</style><div class="css-1daa38r">Email </div></label><style data-emotion="css l9vrwo">.css-l9vrwo{width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:44px;color:var(--color-input-text);background-color:var(--color-input-background);border:1px solid var(--color-input-border);border-radius:4px;padding:0 8px;margin-top:4px;}.css-l9vrwo:focus{outline:0;}html:not(.src-focus-disabled) .css-l9vrwo:focus{box-shadow:0 0 0 3px #0077B6;}.css-l9vrwo:invalid{box-shadow:none;}.css-l9vrwo:invalid[value]:not([value='']){border:2px solid var(--color-input-error);border-radius:4px;color:var(--color-input-error);margin-top:0;}.css-l9vrwo:-webkit-autofill{background-color:transparent!important;box-shadow:0 0 0 50px white inset;}.css-l9vrwo:autofill{background-color:transparent!important;box-shadow:0 0 0 50px white inset;}</style><input type="email" id="P0-0" aria-required="true" aria-invalid="false" aria-describedby required name="email" autocomplete="email" class="css-l9vrwo"/></div><div><style data-emotion="css 1rcfr8l">.css-1rcfr8l{font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;color:var(--color-input-label);}</style><label for="password" class="css-1rcfr8l">Password</label><style data-emotion="css 1ymahik">.css-1ymahik{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;border:1px solid var(--color-input-border);padding:1px;border-radius:4px;margin-top:4px;}.css-1ymahik input{margin-top:0;}.css-1ymahik:has(:focus){border:2px solid var(--color-input-text);padding:0;}</style><div class="css-1ymahik"><label for="password" class="css-0"><div class="css-1daa38r"> </div></label><style data-emotion="css 1w99044">.css-1w99044{width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:44px;color:var(--color-input-text);background-color:var(--color-input-background);border:1px solid var(--color-input-border);border-radius:4px;padding:0 8px;margin-top:4px;border:none;}.css-1w99044:focus{outline:0;}html:not(.src-focus-disabled) .css-1w99044:focus{box-shadow:0 0 0 3px #0077B6;}.css-1w99044:invalid{box-shadow:none;}.css-1w99044:invalid[value]:not([value='']){border:2px solid var(--color-input-error);border-radius:4px;color:var(--color-input-error);margin-top:0;}.css-1w99044:-webkit-autofill{background-color:transparent!important;box-shadow:0 0 0 50px white inset;}.css-1w99044:autofill{background-color:transparent!important;box-shadow:0 0 0 50px white inset;}.css-1w99044::-ms-reveal{display:none;}</style><input type="password" id="password" aria-required="true" aria-invalid="false" aria-describedby required name="password" autocomplete="current-password" class="css-1w99044"/><style data-emotion="css qwx4qd">.css-qwx4qd{border:none;border-radius:0 4px 4px 0;background-color:transparent;cursor:pointer;height:44px;-webkit-align-self:flex-end;-ms-flex-item-align:flex-end;align-self:flex-end;padding-top:4px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.css-qwx4qd:focus{outline:0;}html:not(.src-focus-disabled) .css-qwx4qd:focus{box-shadow:0 0 0 3px #0077B6;}</style><button type="button" title="show or hide password text" data-cy="password-input-eye-button" aria-label="Show password" class="css-qwx4qd"><style data-emotion="css 15hq8j8">.css-15hq8j8 svg{width:30px;height:30px;fill:var(--color-input-border);}.css-15hq8j8 svg rect{fill:var(--color-input-border);}</style><div class="css-15hq8j8"><svg viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12 4.9c4.875 0 11 6.475 11 6.475v1.175s-6.125 6.475-11 6.475S1 12.55 1 12.55v-1.175S7.125 4.9 12 4.9m0 11.775c2.6 0 4.725-2.1 4.725-4.7A4.72 4.72 0 0 0 12 7.25c-2.6 0-4.725 2.1-4.725 4.725 0 2.6 2.125 4.7 4.725 4.7m0-6.275c0 .85.7 1.575 1.575 1.575h.775c0 1.3-1.05 2.35-2.35 2.35s-2.35-1.05-2.35-2.35A2.353 2.353 0 0 1 12 9.6z"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><a href="/reset-password?componentEventParams=componentType%3Didentityauthentication%26componentId%3Dsignin_to_comment&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ftheguardian.com" class="css-1ss633q">Reset password</a><div class="css-gsjv6q"><div class="css-h996v6">This service is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google <a href="https://policies.google.com/privacy" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="css-1ss633q">privacy policy</a> and <a href="https://policies.google.com/terms" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="css-1ss633q">terms of service</a> apply.</div></div><style data-emotion="css 1aiqjx3">.css-1aiqjx3{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;box-sizing:border-box;border:none;background:transparent;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:.3s ease-in-out;transition:.3s ease-in-out;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:middle;font-family:GuardianTextSans,"Guardian Text Sans Web","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;--source-text-decoration-thickness:2px;height:44px;min-height:44px;padding:0 20px;border-radius:44px;padding-bottom:2px;background-color:#052962;color:#FFFFFF;width:100%;margin:0 auto;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;background-color:var(--color-button-primary-background);border-color:var(--color-button-primary-border);color:var(--color-button-primary-text);}.css-1aiqjx3:disabled{cursor:not-allowed;}.css-1aiqjx3:focus{outline:0;}html:not(.src-focus-disabled) .css-1aiqjx3:focus{outline:5px solid #0077B6;outline-offset:3px;}.css-1aiqjx3:hover{background-color:#234B8A;}@media (min-width: 740px){.css-1aiqjx3{max-width:100%;}}.css-1aiqjx3:disabled{cursor:not-allowed;}.css-1aiqjx3:hover{background-color:var(--color-button-primary-background-hover);}</style><button type="submit" aria-live="polite" data-cy="main-form-submit-button" aria-disabled="false" class="css-1aiqjx3">Sign in</button></form><style data-emotion="css 4jynf7">.css-4jynf7{height:1px;border:0;margin-bottom:4px;background-color:#DCDCDC;margin-left:-10px;width:calc(100% + 20px);margin-top:48px;width:100%;margin:0.5rem 0 -0.25rem 0;background-color:var(--color-divider);}</style><hr class="css-4jynf7"/><p class="css-jckhu">Not signed in before? <a href="/register?componentEventParams=componentType%3Didentityauthentication%26componentId%3Dsignin_to_comment&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ftheguardian.com" class="css-1ss633q">Create a free account</a></p></section></main></div> </body> </html>