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Amrouche</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Badia Amrouche"> <meta name="keywords" content="Badia Amrouche"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Badia Amrouche"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 7</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Badia Amrouche</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Contribution to the Analytical Study of the Stability of a DC-DC Converter (Boost) Used for MPPT Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Amarouayache">Mohamed Amarouayache</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Badia%20Amrouche"> Badia Amrouche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gharbi%20Akila"> Gharbi Akila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boukadoume%20Mohamed"> Boukadoume Mohamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work is devoted to the modeling of DC-DC converter (boost) used for MPPT applications to set conditions of stability. For this, we establish a linear mathematical model of the DC-DC converter with an average small signal model. This model has allowed us to apply conventional linear methods of automation. A mathematical relationship between the duty cycle and the voltage of the panel has been set up. With this relationship we specify the conditions of the stability in closed-loop depending on the system parameters (the elements of storage capacity and inductance, PWM control). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MPPT" title="MPPT">MPPT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PWM" title=" PWM"> PWM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criterion%20of%20Routh" title=" criterion of Routh"> criterion of Routh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=average%20small%20signal%20model" title=" average small signal model "> average small signal model </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2045/contribution-to-the-analytical-study-of-the-stability-of-a-dc-dc-converter-boost-used-for-mppt-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2045.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Measurement and Evaluation Patterns Practiced by Physical Education Teachers in North Badia in Jordan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aman%20Kasawneh">Aman Kasawneh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wasfi%20Khazalah"> Wasfi Khazalah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abedalbasit%20Abedalhafiz"> Abedalbasit Abedalhafiz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aimed to identify the patterns of measurement and evaluation practiced by physical education in the schools of North Badia in Jordan, as well as identifying the statistical differences according to gender, educational qualification, and the experience. The sample consisted of 118 physical education teachers 58 males and 60 females chosen randomly from the schools of North Badia in Jordan. The completed a questionnaire developed by the researchers after verifying its validity and reliability. The results indicated a clear weakness in the practice of measurement and evaluation patterns by physical education teachers. Also no significant differences were found between male and female teachers, however, significant differences were found between bachelor degree holders and their counter parts and between teachers with less than eight years of experience. The researchers recommended the necessity of preparing the P.E teachers regarding the patterns of measurement and evaluation within the sport field as one of the essentials for improving and developing physical education at schools. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation" title="evaluation">evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=measurement" title=" measurement"> measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation" title=" evaluation"> evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20education%20teacher" title=" physical education teacher"> physical education teacher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jordanian" title=" Jordanian"> Jordanian</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26124/measurement-and-evaluation-patterns-practiced-by-physical-education-teachers-in-north-badia-in-jordan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26124.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">460</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Non-Linear Finite Element Analysis of Bonded Single Lap Joint in Composite Material</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Benhamena">A. Benhamena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Aminallah"> L. Aminallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Aid"> A. Aid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Benguediab"> M. Benguediab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Amrouche"> A. Amrouche</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The goal of this work is to analyze the severity of interfacial stress distribution in the single lap adhesive joint under tensile loading. The three-dimensional and non-linear finite element method based on the computation of the peel and shear stresses was used to analyze the fracture behaviour of single lap adhesive joint. The effect of the loading magnitude and the overlap length on the distribution of peel and shear stresses was highlighted. A good correlation was found between the FEM simulations and the analytical results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum%202024-T3%20alloy" title="aluminum 2024-T3 alloy">aluminum 2024-T3 alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single-lap%20adhesive%20joints" title=" single-lap adhesive joints"> single-lap adhesive joints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Interface%20stress%20distributions" title=" Interface stress distributions"> Interface stress distributions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material%20nonlinear%20analysis" title=" material nonlinear analysis"> material nonlinear analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adhesive" title=" adhesive"> adhesive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20moment" title=" bending moment"> bending moment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method"> finite element method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16813/non-linear-finite-element-analysis-of-bonded-single-lap-joint-in-composite-material" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16813.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">570</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Phytochemical Study and Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids Isolated from Prunus persica L. Leaves </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Fellah">K. Fellah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Benmehdi"> H. Benmehdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Amrouche"> A. Amrouche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Malainine"> H. Malainine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Memmou"> F. Memmou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Dalile"> H. Dalile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Siata"> W. Siata </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work aims to evaluate the antioxidant of flavonoids extracted from the leaves of Prunus persica L. A phytochemical screening allowed us to highlight the different phytochemicals present in the leaves of the studied plant. The selective extraction of flavonoids gave yields of 0.71, 1.5, and 4.8% for the fractions ethyl ether, ethyl acetate and n- butanol, respectively. The reading of the antioxidant activity of different extracts of flavonoids by HPLTC method revealed positive reaction (yellow spots) on the TLC plates sprayed with DPPH. Using the DPPH method, the fractions of flavonoids (bunanol, ethyl acetate and Diethyl ether) showed a potent scavenging activity with IC50 = 0.22; 0.27 and 0.76 mg / ml, respectively. Furthermore, our findings revealed the extracts under study exhibited higher reducing potential which depends upon extract concentration. These results obtained from this investigation confirm that the Prunus persica remains a major resource of bioactive molecules. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prunus%20persica%20L." title="Prunus persica L.">Prunus persica L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytochemical%20study" title=" phytochemical study"> phytochemical study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flavonoids" title=" flavonoids"> flavonoids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title=" antioxidant activity"> antioxidant activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TLC%20bioautographic" title=" TLC bioautographic"> TLC bioautographic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FRAP" title=" FRAP"> FRAP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DPPH" title=" DPPH"> DPPH</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13223/phytochemical-study-and-evaluation-of-the-antioxidant-activity-of-flavonoids-isolated-from-prunus-persica-l-leaves" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13223.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">483</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Antifungal Activity of Free Fatty Acids Methyl Esters Extracted from Citrullus colocynthis L., Linum usitatissimum L., Nigella sativa L. against Toxigenic Aspergillus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Malainine">H. Malainine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Amrouche"> A. Amrouche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Benmehdi"> H. Benmehdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the present work was aimed at evaluating antifungal effect of crude esters and their corresponding FAMEs isolated from Citrullus colocynthis L., Linum usitatissimum L. and Nigella sativa L. seeds against two toxigenic fungal strains namely Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus ochraceus. The results of the antifungal activity performed radial growth on solid medium (PDA; potatoes dextrose agar) showed that the crude esters and their corresponding FAMEs have exhibited against the two strains tested. Overall, FAMEs have provided an antifungal effect more efficient than that of crude esters. Inhibition of Aspergillus ochraceus has been labeled with percentages ranging from 13.33 to 26.61% by crude esters, While FAMEs inhibition was ranged between 27.33 to 41.13%. However, the inhibition observed against the Aspergillus flavus was varying from 14.68 to 18.59% by crude esters compared with the inhibition percentages ranging from 21.5 to 33.45% by the FAMEs. The antifungal potency of esters oils seeds of the studied plants may be an alternative for consideration by the authorities interested, due to serving the public health, in reducing the fungal enormous peril. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Citrullus%20colocynthis%20L." title="Citrullus colocynthis L.">Citrullus colocynthis L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Linum%20usitatissimum%20L." title=" Linum usitatissimum L."> Linum usitatissimum L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigella%20sativa%20L." title=" Nigella sativa L."> Nigella sativa L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FAMEs" title=" FAMEs"> FAMEs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifungal%20activity" title=" antifungal activity"> antifungal activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aspergillus%20flavus" title=" Aspergillus flavus"> Aspergillus flavus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aspergillus%20ochraceus" title=" Aspergillus ochraceus"> Aspergillus ochraceus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13961/antifungal-activity-of-free-fatty-acids-methyl-esters-extracted-from-citrullus-colocynthis-l-linum-usitatissimum-l-nigella-sativa-l-against-toxigenic-aspergillus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13961.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">268</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Vitamin D Status in Tunisian Obese Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Berriche">O. Berriche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ben%20Othmen"> R. Ben Othmen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Sfar"> H. Sfar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Abdesslam"> H. Abdesslam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Bou%20Meftah"> S. Bou Meftah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Bhouri"> S. Bhouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Mahjoub"> F. Mahjoub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Amrouche"> C. Amrouche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Jamoussi"> H. Jamoussi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Although current evidence emphasizes a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and an inverse association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) concentration and obesity, no studies have been conducted in Tunisian obese. The objectives of our study were to estimate the vitamin D deficiency in obese, identify risk factors for vitamin D deficiency, demonstrating a possible association between vitamin D levels and metabolic parameters. Methods: This was a descriptive study of 100 obese 18-65 year-old. Anthropometric measurements were determined. Fasting blood samples were assessed for the following essays : serum calcium, 25 OH vitamin D, inorganic phosphorus, fasting glucose, HDL, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride. Insulin resistance was evaluated by fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and HOMA-脽. Consumption of foods riche in vitamin D, sunscreen use, wearing protective clothes and exposed surface were assessed through applied questionnaires. Results: The deficit of vitamin D (< 30 ng/ml) among obese was 98,8%. Half of them had a rate < 10ng/ml. Environmental factors involved in vitamin D deficiency are : the veil (p = 0,001), wearing protective clothes (p = 0,04) and the exposed surface (p = 0,011) and dietary factors are represented by the daily caloric intake (p = 0,0001). The percent of fat mass was negatively related to vitamin D levels (p = 0,01) but not with BMI (p = 0,11) or waist circumference (p = 0,88). Similarly, lipid and glucose profile had no link with vitamin D. We found no relationship between Insulin resistance and vitamin D levels. Conclusion: At the end of our study, we have identified a very important vitamin D deficiency among obese. Dosage and systematic supplementation should be applied and for that physician awareness is needed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insulinresistance" title="insulinresistance">insulinresistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20factors" title=" risk factors"> risk factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obesity" title=" obesity"> obesity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitamin%20D" title=" vitamin D"> vitamin D</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26061/vitamin-d-status-in-tunisian-obese-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26061.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">654</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Analyzing Transit Network Design versus Urban Dispersion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hugo%20Badia">Hugo Badia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research answers which is the most suitable transit network structure to serve specific demand requirements in an increasing urban dispersion process. Two main approaches of network design are found in the literature. On the one hand, a traditional answer, widespread in our cities, that develops a high number of lines to connect most of origin-destination pairs by direct trips; an approach based on the idea that users averse to transfers. On the other hand, some authors advocate an alternative design characterized by simple networks where transfer is essential to complete most of trips. To answer which of them is the best option, we use a two-step methodology. First, by means of an analytical model, three basic network structures are compared: a radial scheme, starting point for the other two structures, a direct trip-based network, and a transfer-based one, which represent the two alternative transit network designs. The model optimizes the network configuration with regard to the total cost for each structure. For a scenario of dispersion, the best alternative is the structure with the minimum cost. This dispersion degree is defined in a simple way considering that only a central area attracts all trips. If this area is small, we have a high concentrated mobility pattern; if this area is too large, the city is highly decentralized. In this first step, we can determine the area of applicability for each structure in function to that urban dispersion degree. The analytical results show that a radial structure is suitable when the demand is so centralized, however, when this demand starts to scatter, new transit lines should be implemented to avoid transfers. If the urban dispersion advances, the introduction of more lines is no longer a good alternative, in this case, the best solution is a change of structure, from direct trips to a network based on transfers. The area of applicability of each network strategy is not constant, it depends on the characteristics of demand, city and transport technology. In the second step, we translate analytical results to a real case study by the relationship between the parameters of dispersion of the model and direct measures of dispersion in a real city. Two dimensions of the urban sprawl process are considered: concentration, defined by Gini coefficient, and centralization by area based centralization index. Once it is estimated the real dispersion degree, we are able to identify in which area of applicability the city is located. In summary, from a strategic point of view, we can obtain with this methodology which is the best network design approach for a city, comparing the theoretical results with the real dispersion degree. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20network%20design%20model" title="analytical network design model">analytical network design model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20structure" title=" network structure"> network structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20transport" title=" public transport"> public transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20dispersion" title=" urban dispersion"> urban dispersion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68930/analyzing-transit-network-design-versus-urban-dispersion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68930.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">230</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); 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