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<span>Terminology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Terminology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Terminology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pronunciation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronunciation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Pronunciation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronunciation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Usage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-File_format" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#File_format"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>File format</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-File_format-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palettes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palettes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Palettes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Palettes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Palettes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Palettes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-True_color" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#True_color"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>True color</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-True_color-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Example_GIF_file" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Example_GIF_file"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Example GIF file</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Example_GIF_file-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Example GIF file subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Example_GIF_file-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Image_coding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Image_coding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Image coding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Image_coding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Image_decoding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Image_decoding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Image decoding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Image_decoding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LZW_code_lengths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LZW_code_lengths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>LZW code lengths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LZW_code_lengths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uncompressed_GIF" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uncompressed_GIF"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Uncompressed GIF</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uncompressed_GIF-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compression_example" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compression_example"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Compression example</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compression_example-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interlacing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interlacing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Interlacing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interlacing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Animated_GIF" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Animated_GIF"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Animated GIF</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Animated_GIF-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metadata" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metadata"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Metadata</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metadata-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unisys_and_LZW_patent_enforcement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unisys_and_LZW_patent_enforcement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Unisys and LZW patent enforcement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unisys_and_LZW_patent_enforcement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alternatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Alternatives</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Alternatives-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Alternatives subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Alternatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-PNG" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PNG"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>PNG</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PNG-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Animation_formats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Animation_formats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Animation formats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Animation_formats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2.1</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">GIF</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 67 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">67 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A9" title="نسق الرسومات المتبادلة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نسق الرسومات المتبادلة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_Interchange_Format" title="Graphics Interchange Format – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Graphics Interchange Format" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_Interchange_Format" title="Graphics Interchange Format – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Graphics Interchange Format" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_Interchange_Format" title="Graphics Interchange Format – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Graphics Interchange Format" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_Interchange_Format" title="Graphics Interchange Format – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Graphics Interchange Format" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_Interchange_Format" title="Graphics Interchange Format – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Graphics Interchange Format" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_Interchange_Format" title="Graphics Interchange Format – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Graphics Interchange Format" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AB" title="जीआईएफ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जीआईएफ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format_Silih_Ganti_Grafis" title="Format Silih Ganti Grafis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Format Silih Ganti Grafis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_Interchange_Format" title="Graphics Interchange Format – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Graphics Interchange Format" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_Interchange_Format" title="Graphics Interchange Format – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Graphics Interchange Format" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/.gif" title=".gif – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title=".gif" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_Interchange_Format" title="Graphics Interchange Format – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Graphics Interchange Format" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D" title="ജിഫ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജിഫ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format_Saling_Tukar_Grafik" title="Format Saling Tukar Grafik – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Format Saling Tukar Grafik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_interchange_format" title="Graphics interchange format – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Graphics interchange format" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_Interchange_Format" title="Graphics Interchange Format – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Graphics Interchange Format" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_Interchange_Format" title="Graphics Interchange Format – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Graphics Interchange Format" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_Interchange_Format" title="Graphics Interchange Format – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Graphics Interchange Format" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A_%D8%A2%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%81" title="جي آء ايف – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جي آء ايف" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_Interchange_Format" title="Graphics Interchange Format – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Graphics Interchange Format" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%A6%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8E%D9%81" title="جی ئای ئێف – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جی ئای ئێف" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D" title="గిఫ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గిఫ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_Interchange_Format" title="Graphics Interchange Format – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Graphics Interchange Format" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%81" title="جف – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جف" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_Interchange_Format" title="Graphics Interchange Format – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Graphics Interchange Format" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_Interchange_Format" title="Graphics Interchange Format – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Graphics Interchange Format" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF" title="GIF – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="GIF" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2192#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/GIF_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="GIF (disambiguation)">GIF (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="padding-bottom:0.15em;">GIF</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rotating_earth_(large).gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Rotating_earth_%28large%29.gif/200px-Rotating_earth_%28large%29.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Rotating_earth_%28large%29.gif/300px-Rotating_earth_%28large%29.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Rotating_earth_%28large%29.gif 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">An <a href="#Animated_GIF">animated GIF</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_rotation" title="Earth's rotation">rotating globe</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Filename_extension" title="Filename extension">Filename extension</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><div class="monospaced"> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">.gif</code></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Media_type" title="Media type">Internet media type</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><div class="monospaced"> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">image/gif</code></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Type_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Type code">Type code</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">GIFf</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Type_Identifier" title="Uniform Type Identifier">Uniform Type Identifier (UTI)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">com.compuserve.gif</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/File_format#Magic_number" title="File format">Magic number</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><code>GIF87a</code>/<code>GIF89a</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Developed by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/CompuServe" title="CompuServe">CompuServe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">15 June 1987<span class="noprint">; 37 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1987-06-15</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-87aSpec_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87aSpec-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Latest release</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">89a<br />1989<span class="noprint">; 35 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1989</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-89aSpec_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89aSpec-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Type of format</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Lossless_data_compression" class="mw-redirect" title="Lossless data compression">lossless</a> <a href="/wiki/Raster_graphics" title="Raster graphics">bitmap</a> <a href="/wiki/Graphics_file_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphics file format">image format</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/Graphics/GIF/spec-gif89a.txt">www<wbr />.w3<wbr />.org<wbr />/Graphics<wbr />/GIF<wbr />/spec-gif89a<wbr />.txt</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Graphics Interchange Format</b> (<b>GIF</b>; <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">GHIF</span></i></a> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">JIF</span></i></a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033199720">.mw-parser-output div.crossreference{padding-left:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference">see <a href="#Pronunciation">§ Pronunciation</a></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Raster_graphics" title="Raster graphics">bitmap</a> <a href="/wiki/Image_file_formats" class="mw-redirect" title="Image file formats">image format</a> that was developed by a team at the online services provider <a href="/wiki/CompuServe" title="CompuServe">CompuServe</a> led by American computer scientist <a href="/wiki/Steve_Wilhite" title="Steve Wilhite">Steve Wilhite</a> and released on June 15, 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-87aSpec_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87aSpec-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The format can contain up to <a href="/wiki/8-bit_color" title="8-bit color">8 bits per pixel</a>, allowing a single image to reference its own <a href="/wiki/Palette_(computing)" title="Palette (computing)">palette</a> of up to 256 different colors chosen from the <a href="/wiki/24-bit_color" class="mw-redirect" title="24-bit color">24-bit</a> <a href="/wiki/RGB_color_model" title="RGB color model">RGB color space</a>. It can also represent multiple images in a file, which can be used for <a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">animations</a>, and allows a separate palette of up to 256 colors for each frame. These palette limitations make GIF less suitable for reproducing color photographs and other <a href="/wiki/Image_gradient" title="Image gradient">images with color gradients</a> but well-suited for simpler images such as graphics or logos with solid areas of color. </p><p>GIF images are compressed using the <a href="/wiki/Lempel%E2%80%93Ziv%E2%80%93Welch" title="Lempel–Ziv–Welch">Lempel–Ziv–Welch</a> (LZW) <a href="/wiki/Lossless_data_compression" class="mw-redirect" title="Lossless data compression">lossless data compression</a> technique to reduce the file size without degrading the visual quality. </p><p>While once in widespread usage on the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a> because of its wide implementation and portability between applications and operating systems, usage of the format has declined for space and quality reasons, often being replaced with video formats such as the <a href="/wiki/MP4_file_format" title="MP4 file format">MP4 file format</a>. These replacements, in turn, are sometimes termed "GIFs" despite having no relation to the original file format.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIF&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Unisys_and_LZW_patent_enforcement">§ Unisys and LZW patent enforcement</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Under-Construction-Bulldozer.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Under-Construction-Bulldozer.gif/220px-Under-Construction-Bulldozer.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Under-Construction-Bulldozer.gif/330px-Under-Construction-Bulldozer.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Under-Construction-Bulldozer.gif 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="49" /></a><figcaption>"Under construction" animated GIFs were a common feature of unfinished websites in the late 90s and early noughts.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eokxd.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Eokxd.gif" decoding="async" width="131" height="121" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="131" data-file-height="121" /></a><figcaption>Animated GIFs like this one were once a common decorative feature of personal websites in the late 90s and early noughts.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/CompuServe" title="CompuServe">CompuServe</a> introduced GIF on 15 June 1987 to provide a color image format for their file downloading areas. This replaced their earlier <a href="/wiki/Run-length_encoding" title="Run-length encoding">run-length encoding</a> format, which was black and white only. GIF became popular because it used <a href="/wiki/Lempel%E2%80%93Ziv%E2%80%93Welch" title="Lempel–Ziv–Welch">Lempel–Ziv–Welch</a> <a href="/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">data compression</a>. Since this was more efficient than the run-length encoding used by <a href="/wiki/PCX" title="PCX">PCX</a> and <a href="/wiki/MacPaint" title="MacPaint">MacPaint</a>, fairly large images could be downloaded reasonably quickly even with slow <a href="/wiki/Modem" title="Modem">modems</a>. </p><p>The original version of GIF was called 87a.<sup id="cite_ref-87aSpec_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87aSpec-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This version already supported multiple images in a stream. </p><p>In 1989, CompuServe released an enhanced version, called 89a,<sup id="cite_ref-89aSpec_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89aSpec-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This version added: </p> <ul><li>support for animation delays</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transparency_(graphic)" title="Transparency (graphic)">transparent</a> background colors</li> <li>storage of application-specific metadata</li> <li>allowing text labels as text (not embedding them in the graphical data). As there is little control over display fonts, however, this feature is rarely used.</li></ul> <p>The two versions can be distinguished by looking at the first six <a href="/wiki/Byte" title="Byte">bytes</a> of the file (the "<a href="/wiki/Magic_number_(programming)" title="Magic number (programming)">magic number</a>" or signature), which, when interpreted as <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a>, read "GIF87a" or "GIF89a", respectively. </p><p>CompuServe encouraged the adoption of GIF by providing downloadable conversion utilities for many computers. By December 1987, for example, an <a href="/wiki/Apple_IIGS" title="Apple IIGS">Apple IIGS</a> user could view pictures created on an <a href="/wiki/Atari_ST" title="Atari ST">Atari ST</a> or <a href="/wiki/Commodore_64" title="Commodore 64">Commodore 64</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-caa198712_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-caa198712-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GIF was one of the first two image formats commonly used on Web sites, the other being the black-and-white <a href="/wiki/XBM" class="mw-redirect" title="XBM">XBM</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 1995 <a href="/wiki/Netscape_(web_browser)#Release_history" title="Netscape (web browser)">Netscape Navigator</a> 2.0 added <a href="#Animated_GIF">the ability for animated GIFs to loop</a>. </p><p>While GIF was developed by <a href="/wiki/CompuServe" title="CompuServe">CompuServe</a>, it used the <a href="/wiki/Lempel%E2%80%93Ziv%E2%80%93Welch" title="Lempel–Ziv–Welch">Lempel–Ziv–Welch</a> (LZW) <a href="/wiki/Lossless_data_compression" class="mw-redirect" title="Lossless data compression">lossless data compression</a> algorithm patented by <a href="/wiki/Unisys" title="Unisys">Unisys</a> in 1985. Controversy over the licensing agreement between <a href="/wiki/Unisys" title="Unisys">Unisys</a> and <a href="/wiki/CompuServe" title="CompuServe">CompuServe</a> in 1994 spurred the development of the <a href="/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Network Graphics">Portable Network Graphics</a> (PNG) standard. In 2004, all patents relating to the proprietary compression used for GIF expired. </p><p>The feature of storing multiple images in one file, accompanied by control data, is used extensively on the Web to produce simple <a href="/wiki/Computer_animation" title="Computer animation">animations</a>. </p><p>The optional <a href="/wiki/Interlacing_(bitmaps)" title="Interlacing (bitmaps)">interlacing</a> feature, which stores image scan lines out of order in such a fashion that even a partially downloaded image was somewhat recognizable, also helped GIF's popularity,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a user could abort the download if it was not what was required. </p><p>In May 2015 <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> added support for GIF.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2018 Instagram also added GIF stickers to the story mode.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016 the Internet Archive released a searchable library of GIFs from their <a href="/wiki/GeoCities" title="GeoCities">Geocities</a> archive.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIF&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a <a href="/wiki/Noun" title="Noun">noun</a>, the word <i>GIF</i> is found in the newer editions of many dictionaries. In 2012, the American wing of the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a> recognized <i>GIF</i> as a <a href="/wiki/Verb" title="Verb">verb</a> as well, meaning "to create a GIF file", as in "GIFing was the perfect medium for sharing scenes from the <a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Summer Olympics">Summer Olympics</a>". The press's lexicographers voted it their <a href="/wiki/Word_of_the_year" title="Word of the year">word of the year</a>, saying that GIFs have evolved into "a tool with serious applications including research and journalism".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIF&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pronunciation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pronunciation_of_GIF" title="Pronunciation of GIF">Pronunciation of GIF</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:White_House_Tumblr_launch_image.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/White_House_Tumblr_launch_image.jpg/220px-White_House_Tumblr_launch_image.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/White_House_Tumblr_launch_image.jpg/330px-White_House_Tumblr_launch_image.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/White_House_Tumblr_launch_image.jpg/440px-White_House_Tumblr_launch_image.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>A humorous infographic announcing the 2013 launch of a <a href="/wiki/Tumblr" title="Tumblr">Tumblr</a> account for the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">White House</a> suggests pronouncing <i>GIF</i> with a hard <i>g</i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The pronunciation of the first letter of <i>GIF</i> has been disputed since the 1990s. The most common pronunciations in English are <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/49\/Pronunciation_of_jif.ogg\/Pronunciation_of_jif.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Pronunciation of jif.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/Pronunciation_of_jif.ogg/Pronunciation_of_jif.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Pronunciation_of_jif.ogg" title="File:Pronunciation of jif.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> (with a <a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">soft <i>g</i></a> as in <i>gin</i>) and <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/6c\/Pronunciation_of_gif.ogg\/Pronunciation_of_gif.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Pronunciation of gif.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/Pronunciation_of_gif.ogg/Pronunciation_of_gif.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Pronunciation_of_gif.ogg" title="File:Pronunciation of gif.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> (with a <a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">hard <i>g</i></a> as in <i>gift</i>), differing in the <a href="/wiki/Phoneme" title="Phoneme">phoneme</a> represented by the letter <i>G</i>. The creators of the format pronounced the acronym <i>GIF</i> as <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span></span>/</a></span></span>, with a <a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">soft <i>g</i></a>, with Wilhite stating that he intended for the pronunciation to deliberately echo the American <a href="/wiki/Peanut_butter" title="Peanut butter">peanut butter</a> brand <a href="/wiki/Jif_(peanut_butter)" title="Jif (peanut butter)">Jif</a>, and CompuServe employees would often quip "choosy developers choose GIF", a spoof of Jif's television commercials.<sup id="cite_ref-olsen_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-olsen-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the word is widely pronounced as <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span></span>/</a></span></span>, with a <a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced velar stop">hard <i>g</i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-BBC20130522_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC20130522-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and polls have generally shown that this hard <i>g</i> pronunciation is more prevalent.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary.com" title="Dictionary.com">Dictionary.com</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> cites both pronunciations, indicating <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span></span>/</a></span></span> as the primary pronunciation, while <i>Cambridge Dictionary of American English</i><sup id="cite_ref-cambridgedict_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cambridgedict-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> offers only the hard-<i>g</i> pronunciation. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster%27s_Collegiate_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary">Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Oxford Dictionaries cite both pronunciations, but place the hard <i>g</i> first: <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span></span>/</a></span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-oxforddict_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxforddict-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/New_Oxford_American_Dictionary" title="New Oxford American Dictionary">New Oxford American Dictionary</a></i> gave only <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span></span>/</a></span></span> in its second edition<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but updated it to <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span></span>/</a></span></span> in the third edition.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The disagreement over the pronunciation has led to heated Internet debate. On the occasion of receiving a lifetime achievement award at the <a href="/wiki/2013_Webby_Awards" title="2013 Webby Awards">2013 Webby Awards</a> ceremony, Wilhite publicly rejected the hard-<i>g</i> pronunciation;<sup id="cite_ref-BBC20130522_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC20130522-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LAT20131204_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAT20131204-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his speech led to more than 17,000 posts on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> and dozens of news articles.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a><sup id="cite_ref-BBC20130522_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC20130522-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the TV program <i><a href="/wiki/Jeopardy!" title="Jeopardy!">Jeopardy!</a></i> also entered the debate in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-LAT20131204_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAT20131204-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2020, <a href="/wiki/The_J.M._Smucker_Company" title="The J.M. Smucker Company">The J.M. Smucker Company</a>, the owners of the Jif brand, partnered with the animated image database and search engine <a href="/wiki/Giphy" title="Giphy">Giphy</a> to release a limited-edition "Jif vs. GIF" (<a href="/wiki/Hashtag" title="Hashtag">hashtagged</a> as #JIFvsGIF) jar of peanut butter that had a label humorously declaring the soft-<i>g</i> pronunciation to refer exclusively to the peanut butter, and <i>GIF</i> to be exclusively pronounced with the hard-<i>g</i> pronunciation.<sup id="cite_ref-Jif_CNN_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jif_CNN-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIF&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>GIFs are suitable for sharp-edged line art with a limited number of colors, such as logos. This takes advantage of the format's lossless compression, which favors flat areas of uniform color with well defined edges.<sup id="cite_ref-karunya2012_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-karunya2012-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They can also be used to store low-color <a href="/wiki/Sprite_(computer_graphics)" title="Sprite (computer graphics)">sprite</a> data for games.<sup id="cite_ref-proandroid11_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proandroid11-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GIFs can be used for small animations and low-resolution video clips, or as reactions in online messaging used to convey emotion and feelings instead of using words. They are popular on social media platforms such as <a href="/wiki/Tumblr" title="Tumblr">Tumblr</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> and <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="File_format">File format</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIF&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: File format"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Conceptually, a GIF file describes a fixed-sized graphical area (the "logical screen") populated with zero or more "images". Many GIF files have a single image that fills the entire logical screen. Others divide the logical screen into separate sub-images. The images may also function as animation frames in an animated GIF file, but again these need not fill the entire logical screen. </p><p>GIF files start with a fixed-length header ("GIF87a" or "GIF89a") giving the version, followed by a fixed-length Logical Screen Descriptor giving the pixel dimensions and other characteristics of the logical screen. The screen descriptor may also specify the presence and size of a Global Color Table (GCT), which follows next if present. </p><p>Thereafter, the file is divided into segments of the following types, each introduced by a 1-byte sentinel: </p> <ul><li>An image (introduced by 0x2C, an ASCII comma <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">','</code>)</li> <li>An extension block (introduced by 0x21, an ASCII exclamation point <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">'!'</code>)</li> <li>The trailer (a single byte of value 0x3B, an ASCII semicolon <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">';'</code>), which should be the last byte of the file.</li></ul> <p>An image starts with a fixed-length Image Descriptor, which may specify the presence and size of a Local Color Table (which follows next if present). The image data follows: one byte giving the bit width of the unencoded symbols (which must be at least 2 bits wide, even for bi-color images), followed by a series of sub-blocks containing the LZW-encoded data. </p><p>Extension blocks (blocks that "extend" the 87a definition via a mechanism already defined in the 87a spec) consist of the sentinel, an additional byte specifying the type of extension, and a series of sub-blocks with the extension data. Extension blocks that modify an image (like the Graphic Control Extension that specifies the optional animation delay time and optional transparent background color) must immediately precede the segment with the image they refer to. </p><p>Each sub-block begins with a byte giving the number of subsequent data bytes in the sub-block (1 to 255). The series of sub-blocks is terminated by an empty sub-block (a 0 byte). </p><p>This structure allows the file to be parsed even if not all parts are understood. A GIF marked 87a may contain extension blocks; the intent is that a decoder can read and display the file without the features covered in extensions it does not understand. </p><p>The full detail of the file format is covered in the GIF specification.<sup id="cite_ref-89aSpec_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89aSpec-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Palettes">Palettes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIF&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Palettes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunflower_as_gif_websafe.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Sunflower_as_gif_websafe.gif/220px-Sunflower_as_gif_websafe.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Sunflower_as_gif_websafe.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="297" /></a><figcaption>An example of a GIF image saved with a <a href="/wiki/Web-safe_colors" class="mw-redirect" title="Web-safe colors">web-safe palette</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dither" title="Dither">dithered</a> using the <a href="/wiki/Floyd%E2%80%93Steinberg_dithering" title="Floyd–Steinberg dithering">Floyd–Steinberg</a> method; as a consequence of the relatively few colors allowed in such an image, the image's <a href="/wiki/Contrast_(vision)" title="Contrast (vision)">contrast</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colorfulness" title="Colorfulness">colorfulness</a> are noticeably poor.</figcaption></figure> <p>GIF is palette-based: the colors used in an image (a frame) in the file have their <a href="/wiki/RGB" class="mw-redirect" title="RGB">RGB</a> values defined in a <a href="/wiki/Palette_(computing)" title="Palette (computing)">palette table</a> that can hold up to 256 entries, and the data for the image refer to the colors by their indices (0–255) in the palette table. The color definitions in the palette can be drawn from a color space of millions of shades (2<sup>24</sup> shades, 8 bits for each primary), but the maximum number of colors a frame can use is 256. This limitation was reasonable when GIF was developed because hardware that could display more than 256 colors simultaneously was rare. Simple graphics, line drawings, cartoons, and grey-scale photographs typically need fewer than 256 colors. </p><p>Each frame can designate one index as a "transparent background color": any pixel assigned this index takes on the color of the pixel in the same position from the background, which may have been determined by a previous frame of animation. </p><p>Many techniques, collectively called <a href="/wiki/Dither" title="Dither">dithering</a>, have been developed to approximate a wider range of colors with a small color palette by using pixels of two or more colors to approximate in-between colors. These techniques sacrifice spatial resolution to approximate deeper color resolution. While not part of the GIF specification, dithering can be used in images subsequently encoded as GIF images. This is often not an ideal solution for GIF images, both because the loss of spatial resolution typically makes an image look fuzzy on the screen, and because the dithering patterns often interfere with the compressibility of the image data, working against GIF's main purpose. </p><p>In the early days of graphical web browsers<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (March 2015)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup>, graphics cards with 8-bit buffers (allowing only 256 colors) were common and it was fairly common to make GIF images using the <a href="/wiki/Web-safe_colors" class="mw-redirect" title="Web-safe colors">websafe palette</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (March 2015)">according to whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> This ensured predictable display, but severely limited the choice of colors. When 24-bit color became the norm, palettes could instead be populated with the optimum colors for individual images. </p><p>A small color table may suffice for small images, and keeping the color table small allows the file to be downloaded faster. Both the 87a and 89a specifications allow color tables of 2<sup><i>n</i></sup> colors for any <i>n</i> from 1 through 8. Most graphics applications will read and display GIF images with any of these table sizes; but some do not support all sizes when <i>creating</i> images. Tables of 2, 16, and 256 colors are widely supported. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="True_color">True color</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIF&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: True color"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although GIF is almost never used for <a href="/wiki/Color_depth#True_color_(24-bit)" title="Color depth">true color</a> images, it is possible to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-aminet_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aminet-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-philhoward_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-philhoward-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A GIF image can include multiple image blocks, each of which can have its own 256-color palette, and the blocks can be tiled to create a complete image. Alternatively, the GIF89a specification introduced the idea of a "transparent" color where each image block can include its own palette of 255 visible colors plus one transparent color. A complete image can be created by layering image blocks with the visible portion of each layer showing through the transparent portions of the layers above. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SmallFullColourGIF.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/SmallFullColourGIF.gif" decoding="async" width="210" height="210" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a><figcaption>An animated GIF illustrating a technique for displaying more than the typical limit of 256 colors</figcaption></figure> <p>To render a full-color image as a GIF, the original image must be broken down into smaller regions having no more than 255 or 256 different colors. Each of these regions is then stored as a separate image block with its own local palette and when the image blocks are displayed together (either by tiling or by layering partially transparent image blocks), the complete, full-color image appears. For example, breaking an image into tiles of 16 by 16 pixels (256 pixels in total) ensures that no tile has more than the local palette limit of 256 colors, although larger tiles may be used and similar colors merged resulting in some loss of color information.<sup id="cite_ref-aminet_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aminet-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since each image block can have its own local color table, a GIF file having many image blocks can be very large, limiting the usefulness of full-color GIFs.<sup id="cite_ref-philhoward_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-philhoward-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, not all GIF rendering programs handle tiled or layered images correctly. Many rendering programs interpret tiles or layers as animation frames and display them in sequence as an animation<sup id="cite_ref-aminet_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aminet-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with most web browsers automatically displaying the frames with a delay time of 0.1 seconds or more.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (March 2015)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Example_GIF_file">Example GIF file</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIF&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Example GIF file"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Paint" title="Microsoft Paint">Microsoft Paint</a> saves a small black-and-white image as the following GIF file (illustrated enlarged).<br />Paint does not make optimal use of GIF; due to the unnecessarily large color table (storing a full 256 colors instead of the used 2) and symbol width, this GIF file is not an efficient representation of the 15-pixel image.<br />Although the Graphic Control Extension block declares color index 16 (hexadecimal 10) to be transparent, that index is not used in the image. The only color indexes appearing in the image data are decimal 40 and 255, which the Global Color Table maps to black and white, respectively. </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GifSample.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/GifSample.gif" decoding="async" width="32" height="52" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="52" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><span style="font-size:85%;">Sample image (enlarged), actual size 3 pixels wide by 5 high</span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The hex numbers in the following tables are in <a href="/wiki/Endianness" title="Endianness">little-endian</a> byte order, as the format specification prescribes. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Table of example GIF image values </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Byte # (hex)</th> <th>Hexadecimal</th> <th>Text or value</th> <th colspan="2">Meaning </th></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>47 49 46 38 39 61</td> <td>GIF89a</td> <td colspan="2">Header </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Logical Screen Descriptor </th></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>03 00</td> <td>3</td> <td colspan="2">Logical screen width </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>05 00</td> <td>5</td> <td colspan="2">Logical screen height </td></tr> <tr> <td>A</td> <td>F7</td> <td></td> <td colspan="2">GCT follows for 256 colors with resolution 3<span class="nowrap"> × </span>8 bits/primary, the lowest 3 bits represent the bit depth minus 1, the highest true bit means that the GCT is present </td></tr> <tr> <td>B</td> <td>00</td> <td>0</td> <td colspan="2">Background color: index #0; #000000 black </td></tr> <tr> <td>C</td> <td>00</td> <td>0</td> <td colspan="2">Default pixel aspect ratio, 0:0 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Global Color Table </th></tr> <tr> <td>D</td> <td>00 00 00</td> <td> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>R (red)</th> <th>G (green)</th> <th>B (blue) </th></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Global Color Table, color #0: #000000, black</td> <td rowspan="4" width="220px"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GIFPAL.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/GIFPAL.png/220px-GIFPAL.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/GIFPAL.png/330px-GIFPAL.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/GIFPAL.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="356" /></a><figcaption>Bytes D<sub>h</sub> to 30C<sub>h</sub> in the example define a palette of 256 colors. The indexes used in the sample image for black and white are 28<sub>h</sub> and FF<sub>h</sub>.</figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>80 00 00</td> <td> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>R (red)</th> <th>G (green)</th> <th>B (blue) </th></tr> <tr> <td>128</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Global Color Table, color #1: transparent bit, not used in image </td></tr> <tr> <td>...</td> <td>...</td> <td>...</td> <td>Global Color Table extends to 30A </td></tr> <tr> <td>30A</td> <td>FF FF FF</td> <td> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>R (red)</th> <th>G (green)</th> <th>B (blue) </th></tr> <tr> <td>255</td> <td>255</td> <td>255 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td>Global Color Table, color #255: #ffffff, white </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Graphic Control Extension </th></tr> <tr> <td>30D</td> <td>21</td> <td><code>'!'</code></td> <td colspan="2">An Extension Block (introduced by an ASCII exclamation point <code>'!'</code>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>30E</td> <td>F9</td> <td></td> <td colspan="2">A Graphic Control Extension </td></tr> <tr> <td>30F</td> <td>04</td> <td>4</td> <td colspan="2">Amount of GCE data, 4 bytes </td></tr> <tr> <td>310</td> <td>01</td> <td></td> <td colspan="2">Transparent background color; this is a bit field, the lowest bit signifies transparency </td></tr> <tr> <td>311</td> <td>00 00</td> <td></td> <td colspan="2">Delay for animation in hundredths of a second; <b>not used</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>313</td> <td>10</td> <td>16</td> <td colspan="2">Color number of transparent pixel in GCT </td></tr> <tr> <td>314</td> <td>00</td> <td></td> <td colspan="2">End of GCE block </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Image Descriptor </th></tr> <tr> <td>315</td> <td>2C</td> <td><code>','</code></td> <td colspan="2">An Image Descriptor (introduced by 0x2C, an ASCII comma <code>','</code>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>316</td> <td>00 00 00 00</td> <td>(0, 0)</td> <td colspan="2">North-west corner position of image in logical screen </td></tr> <tr> <td>31A</td> <td>03 00 05 00</td> <td>(3, 5)</td> <td colspan="2">Image width and height in pixels </td></tr> <tr> <td>31E</td> <td>00</td> <td>0</td> <td colspan="2">Local color table bit, 0 means none </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Image Data </th></tr> <tr> <td>31F</td> <td>08</td> <td>8</td> <td colspan="2">Start of image, LZW minimum code size </td></tr> <tr> <td>320</td> <td>0B</td> <td>11</td> <td colspan="2">Beginning of first data sub-block, specifying 11 bytes of encoded data to follow </td></tr> <tr> <td>321</td> <td>00 51 FC 1B 28 70 A0 C1 83 01 01</td> <td><image data></td> <td colspan="2">11 bytes of image data, see field 320 </td></tr> <tr> <td>32C</td> <td>00</td> <td>0</td> <td colspan="2">Ending data sub-block, specifying no following data bytes (and the end of the image) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Trailer </th></tr> <tr> <td>32D</td> <td>3B</td> <td><code>';'</code></td> <td colspan="2">File termination block indicator (an ASCII semi-colon <code>';'</code>) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Image_coding">Image coding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIF&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Image coding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The image pixel data, scanned horizontally from top left, are converted by <a href="/wiki/Lempel%E2%80%93Ziv%E2%80%93Welch" title="Lempel–Ziv–Welch">LZW encoding</a> to codes that are then mapped into bytes for storing in the file. The pixel codes typically don't match the 8-bit size of the bytes, so the codes are packed into bytes by a "little-Endian" scheme: the least significant bit of the first code is stored in the least significant bit of the first byte, higher order bits of the code into higher order bits of the byte, spilling over into the low order bits of the next byte as necessary. Each subsequent code is stored starting at the least significant bit not already used. </p><p>This byte stream is stored in the file as a series of "sub-blocks". Each sub-block has a maximum length 255 bytes and is prefixed with a byte indicating the number of data bytes in the sub-block. The series of sub-blocks is terminated by an empty sub-block (a single 0 byte, indicating a sub-block with 0 data bytes). </p><p>For the sample image above the reversible mapping between 9-bit codes and bytes is shown below. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"> <caption>Reversible mapping </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">9-bit code </th> <th colspan="2">Byte </th></tr> <tr> <th>Hexadecimal</th> <th>Binary</th> <th>Binary</th> <th>Hexadecimal </th></tr> <tr style="font-family:monospace;"> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">100</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">1 00000000</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">00000000</span></td> <td>00 </td></tr> <tr style="font-family:monospace;"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">028</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">00 0101000</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">0101000</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">1</span></td> <td>51 </td></tr> <tr style="font-family:monospace;"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue">0FF</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue">011 111111</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue">111111</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">00</span></td> <td>FC </td></tr> <tr style="font-family:monospace;"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">103</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">1000 00011</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">00011</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue">011</span></td> <td>1B </td></tr> <tr style="font-family:monospace;"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">102</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">10000 0010</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">0010</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">1000</span></td> <td>28 </td></tr> <tr style="font-family:monospace;"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue">103</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue">100000 011</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue">011</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">10000</span></td> <td>70 </td></tr> <tr style="font-family:monospace;"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">106</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">1000001 10</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">10</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue">100000</span></td> <td>A0 </td></tr> <tr style="font-family:monospace;"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">107</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">10000011 1</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">1</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">1000001</span></td> <td>C1 </td></tr> <tr style="font-family:monospace;"> <td></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">10000011</span></td> <td>83 </td></tr> <tr style="font-family:monospace;"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue">101</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue">1 00000001</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue">00000001</span></td> <td>01 </td></tr> <tr style="font-family:monospace;"> <td></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">0000000</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue">1</span></td> <td>01 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A slight compression is evident: pixel colors defined initially by 15 bytes are exactly represented by 12 code bytes including control codes. The encoding process that produces the 9-bit codes is shown below. A local string accumulates pixel color numbers from the palette, with no output action as long as the local string can be found in a code table. There is special treatment of the first two pixels that arrive before the table grows from its initial size by additions of strings. After each output code, the local string is initialized to the latest pixel color (that could not be included in the output code). </p> <pre> <b>Table 9-bit</b> <u><b>string --> code code Action</b></u> #0 | 000h Initialize root table of 9-bit codes palette |  : colors |  : #255 | 0FFh clr | 100h end | 101h | 100h Clear Pixel Local | color Palette string | BLACK #40 28 | 028h 1st pixel always to output WHITE #255 FF | String found in table 28 FF | 102h Always add 1st string to table FF | Initialize local string WHITE #255 FF FF | String not found in table | 0FFh - output code for previous string FF FF | 103h - add latest string to table FF | - initialize local string WHITE #255 FF FF | String found in table BLACK #40 FF FF 28 | String not found in table | 103h - output code for previous string FF FF 28 | 104h - add latest string to table 28 | - initialize local string WHITE #255 28 FF | String found in table WHITE #255 28 FF FF | String not found in table | 102h - output code for previous string 28 FF FF | 105h - add latest string to table FF | - initialize local string WHITE #255 FF FF | String found in table WHITE #255 FF FF FF | String not found in table | 103h - output code for previous string FF FF FF | 106h - add latest string to table FF | - initialize local string WHITE #255 FF FF | String found in table WHITE #255 FF FF FF | String found in table WHITE #255 FF FF FF FF | String not found in table | 106h - output code for previous string FF FF FF FF| 107h - add latest string to table FF | - initialize local string WHITE #255 FF FF | String found in table WHITE #255 FF FF FF | String found in table WHITE #255 FF FF FF FF | String found in table No more pixels 107h - output code for last string 101h End </pre> <p>For clarity the table is shown above as being built of strings of increasing length. That scheme can function but the table consumes an unpredictable amount of memory. Memory can be saved in practice by noting that each new string to be stored consists of a previously stored string augmented by one character. It is economical to store at each address only two words: an existing address and one character. </p><p>The LZW algorithm requires a search of the table for each pixel. A linear search through up to 4096 addresses would make the coding slow. In practice the codes can be stored in order of numerical value; this allows each search to be done by a SAR (Successive Approximation Register, as used in some <a href="/wiki/Successive_approximation_ADC" class="mw-redirect" title="Successive approximation ADC">ADCs</a>), with only 12 magnitude comparisons. For this efficiency an extra table is needed to convert between codes and actual memory addresses; the extra table upkeeping is needed only when a new code is stored which happens at much less than pixel rate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Image_decoding">Image decoding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIF&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Image decoding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Decoding begins by mapping the stored bytes back to 9-bit codes. These are decoded to recover the pixel colors as shown below. A table identical to the one used in the encoder is built by adding strings by this rule: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Is incoming code found in table? </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td>add string for local code followed by first byte of string for incoming code </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td>add string for local code followed by copy of its own first byte </td></tr></tbody></table> <pre> <b>shift</b> <b>9-bit ----> Local Table Pixel</b> <u><b>code code code --> string Palette color Action</b></u> 100h 000h | #0 Initialize root table of 9-bit codes  : | palette  : | colors 0FFh | #255 100h | clr 101h | end 028h | #40 <span style="background-color:BLACK; color:WHITE;">BLACK</span> Decode 1st pixel 0FFh 028h | Incoming code found in table | #255 <span style="background-color:WHITE; color:BLACK;">WHITE</span> - output string from table 102h | 28 FF - add to table 103h 0FFh | Incoming code not found in table 103h | FF FF - add to table | - output string from table | #255 <span style="background-color:WHITE; color:BLACK;">WHITE</span> | #255 <span style="background-color:WHITE; color:BLACK;">WHITE</span> 102h 103h | Incoming code found in table | - output string from table | #40 <span style="background-color:BLACK; color:WHITE;">BLACK</span> | #255 <span style="background-color:WHITE; color:BLACK;">WHITE</span> 104h | FF FF 28 - add to table 103h 102h | Incoming code found in table | - output string from table | #255 <span style="background-color:WHITE; color:BLACK;">WHITE</span> | #255 <span style="background-color:WHITE; color:BLACK;">WHITE</span> 105h | 28 FF FF - add to table 106h 103h | Incoming code not found in table 106h | FF FF FF - add to table | - output string from table | #255 <span style="background-color:WHITE; color:BLACK;">WHITE</span> | #255 <span style="background-color:WHITE; color:BLACK;">WHITE</span> | #255 <span style="background-color:WHITE; color:BLACK;">WHITE</span> 107h 106h | Incoming code not found in table 107h | FF FF FF FF - add to table | - output string from table | #255 <span style="background-color:WHITE; color:BLACK;">WHITE</span> | #255 <span style="background-color:WHITE; color:BLACK;">WHITE</span> | #255 <span style="background-color:WHITE; color:BLACK;">WHITE</span> | #255 <span style="background-color:WHITE; color:BLACK;">WHITE</span> 101h | End </pre> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="LZW_code_lengths">LZW code lengths</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIF&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: LZW code lengths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shorter code lengths can be used for palettes smaller than the 256 colors in the example. If the palette is only 64 colors (so color indexes are 6 bits wide), the symbols can range from 0 to 63, and the symbol width can be taken to be 6 bits, with codes starting at 7 bits. In fact, the symbol width need not match the palette size: as long as the values decoded are always less than the number of colors in the palette, the symbols can be any width from 2 to 8, and the palette size any power of 2 from 2 to 256. For example, if only the first four colors (values 0 to 3) of the palette are used, the symbols can be taken to be 2 bits wide with codes starting at 3 bits. </p><p>Conversely, the symbol width could be set at 8, even if only values 0 and 1 are used; these data would only require a two-color table. Although there would be no point in encoding the file that way, something similar typically happens for bi-color images: the minimum symbol width is 2, even if only values 0 and 1 are used. </p><p>The code table initially contains codes that are one bit longer than the symbol size in order to accommodate the two special codes <i>clr</i> and <i>end</i> and codes for strings that are added during the process. When the table is full the code length increases to give space for more strings, up to a maximum code 4095 = FFF(hex). As the decoder builds its table it tracks these increases in code length and it is able to unpack incoming bytes accordingly. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uncompressed_GIF">Uncompressed GIF</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIF&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Uncompressed GIF"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable floatright" width="145px"> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quilt_design_as_46x46_uncompressed_GIF.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Quilt_design_as_46x46_uncompressed_GIF.gif" decoding="async" width="46" height="46" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="46" data-file-height="46" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><span style="font-size:85%;">A 46×46 uncompressed GIF with 7-bit symbols (128 colors, 8-bit codes).<br />Click on the image for an explanation of the code.</span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The GIF encoding process can be modified to create a file without LZW compression that is still viewable as a GIF image. This technique was introduced originally as a way to avoid patent infringement. Uncompressed GIF can also be a useful intermediate format for a graphics programmer because individual pixels are accessible for reading or painting. An uncompressed GIF file can be converted to an ordinary GIF file simply by passing it through an image editor. </p><p>The modified encoding method ignores building the LZW table and emits only the root palette codes and the codes for CLEAR and STOP. This yields a simpler encoding (a 1-to-1 correspondence between code values and palette codes) but sacrifices all of the compression: each pixel in the image generates an output code indicating its color index. When processing an uncompressed GIF, a standard GIF decoder will not be prevented from writing strings to its dictionary table, but the code width must never increase since that triggers a different packing of bits to bytes. </p><p>If the symbol width is <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">n</span>, the codes of width <span class="texhtml"><i>n</i>+1</span> fall naturally into two blocks: the lower block of <span class="texhtml">2<sup><i>n</i></sup></span> codes for coding single symbols, and the upper block of <span class="texhtml">2<sup><i>n</i></sup></span> codes that will be used by the decoder for sequences of length greater than one. Of that upper block, the first two codes are already taken: <span class="texhtml">2<sup><i>n</i></sup></span> for CLEAR and <span class="texhtml">2<sup><i>n</i></sup> + 1</span> for STOP. The decoder must also be prevented from using the last code in the upper block, <span class="texhtml">2<sup><i>n</i>+1</sup> − 1</span>, because when the decoder fills that slot, it will increase the code width. Thus in the upper block there are <span class="texhtml">2<sup><i>n</i></sup> − 3</span> codes available to the decoder that won't trigger an increase in code width. Because the decoder is always one step behind in maintaining the table, it does not generate a table entry upon receiving the first code from the encoder, but will generate one for each succeeding code. Thus the encoder can generate <span class="texhtml">2<sup><i>n</i></sup> − 2</span> codes without triggering an increase in code width. Therefore, the encoder must emit extra CLEAR codes at intervals of <span class="texhtml">2<sup><i>n</i></sup> − 2</span> codes or less to make the decoder reset the coding dictionary. The GIF standard allows such extra CLEAR codes to be inserted in the image data at any time. The composite data stream is partitioned into sub-blocks that each carry from 1 to 255 bytes. </p><p>For the sample 3×5 image above, the following 9-bit codes represent "clear" (100) followed by image pixels in scan order and "stop" (101). </p> <pre>100 028 0FF 0FF 0FF 028 0FF 0FF 0FF 0FF 0FF 0FF 0FF 0FF 0FF 0FF 101 </pre> <p>After the above codes are mapped to bytes, the uncompressed file differs from the compressed file thus: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Byte # (hex)</th> <th>Hexadecimal</th> <th>Text or value</th> <th>Meaning </th></tr> <tr> <td>320</td> <td>14</td> <td>20</td> <td>20 bytes uncompressed image data follow </td></tr> <tr> <td>321</td> <td>00 51 FC FB F7 0F C5 BF 7F FF FE FD FB F7 EF DF BF 7F 01 01</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>335</td> <td>00</td> <td>0</td> <td>End of image data </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Compression_example">Compression example</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIF&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Compression example"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The trivial example of a large image of solid color demonstrates the variable-length LZW compression used in GIF files. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Sample compression of a GIF file </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="3">Code </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2">Pixels </th> <th scope="col">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col">No.<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>N<sub>i</sub> </th> <th scope="col">Value<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>N<sub>i</sub> + 256 </th> <th scope="col">Length<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>(bits) </th> <th scope="col">This code<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>N<sub>i</sub> </th> <th scope="col">Accumulated<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214402035">.mw-parser-output .sfrac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .sfrac.tion,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .tion{display:inline-block;vertical-align:-0.5em;font-size:85%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .num{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0.0em 0.1em;border-bottom:1px solid}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .den{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0.1em 0.1em}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">N<sub>i</sub>(N<sub>i</sub> + 1)</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">2</span></span>⁠</span> </th> <td>Relations using N<sub>i</sub> only apply to same-color pixels until coding table is full. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">0 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">100h </td> <td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="4">9 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Clear code table </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">1 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">FFh </td> <td style="text-align: center;">1 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">1 </td> <td>Top left pixel color chosen as the highest index of a 256-color palette </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">2 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">102h </td> <td style="text-align: center;">2 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">3 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">3<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>⋮<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>255 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">103h<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>⋮<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>1FFh </td> <td style="text-align: center;">3<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>⋮<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>255 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">6<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>⋮<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>32640 </td> <td>Last 9-bit code </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">256<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>⋮<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>767 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">200h<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>⋮<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>3FFh </td> <td style="text-align: center;">10 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">256<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>⋮<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>767 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">32896<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>⋮<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>294528 </td> <td>Last 10-bit code </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">768<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>⋮<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>1791 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">400h<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>⋮<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>7FFh </td> <td style="text-align: center;">11 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">768<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>⋮<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>1791 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">295296<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>⋮<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>1604736 </td> <td>Last 11-bit code </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">1792<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>⋮<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>3839 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">800h<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>⋮<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>FFFh </td> <td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="3">12 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">1792<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>⋮<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>3839 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">1606528<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>⋮<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>7370880 </td> <td>Code table full </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">⋮ </td> <td style="text-align: center;">FFFh </td> <td style="text-align: center;">3839 </td> <td colspan="2">The maximum code may repeat for more same-color pixels.<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>Overall data compression asymptotically approaches 3839 × <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">8</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">12</span></span>⁠</span> = <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠2559<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="tion"><span class="num">1</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">3</span></span>⁠</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">101h </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>End of image data </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The code values shown are packed into bytes which are then packed into blocks of up to 255 bytes. A block of image data begins with a byte that declares the number of bytes to follow. The last block of data for an image is marked by a zero block-length byte. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interlacing">Interlacing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIF&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Interlacing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Interlaced_GIF_demo.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Interlaced_GIF_demo.gif/170px-Interlaced_GIF_demo.gif" decoding="async" width="170" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Interlaced_GIF_demo.gif/255px-Interlaced_GIF_demo.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Interlaced_GIF_demo.gif/340px-Interlaced_GIF_demo.gif 2x" data-file-width="571" data-file-height="692" /></a><figcaption>Screen capture of an interlaced GIF loading in a web browser</figcaption></figure> <p>The GIF Specification allows each image within the logical screen of a GIF file to specify that it is interlaced; i.e., that the order of the raster lines in its data block is not sequential. This allows a partial display of the image that can be recognized before the full image is painted. </p><p>An interlaced image is divided from top to bottom into strips 8 pixels high, and the rows of the image are presented in the following order: </p> <ul><li>Pass 1: Line 0 (the top-most line) from each strip.</li> <li>Pass 2: Line 4 from each strip.</li> <li>Pass 3: Lines 2 and 6 from each strip.</li> <li>Pass 4: Lines 1, 3, 5, and 7 from each strip.</li></ul> <p>The pixels within each line are not interlaced, but presented consecutively from left to right. As with non-interlaced images, there is no break between the data for one line and the data for the next. The indicator that an image is interlaced is a bit set in the corresponding Image Descriptor block. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Animated_GIF">Animated GIF</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIF&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Animated GIF"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Newtons_cradle_animation_book_2.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Newtons_cradle_animation_book_2.gif/220px-Newtons_cradle_animation_book_2.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Newtons_cradle_animation_book_2.gif/330px-Newtons_cradle_animation_book_2.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Newtons_cradle_animation_book_2.gif/440px-Newtons_cradle_animation_book_2.gif 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>GIF can be used to display animation, as in this image of <a href="/wiki/Newton%27s_cradle" title="Newton's cradle">Newton's cradle</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Although GIF was not designed as an animation medium, its ability to store multiple images in one file naturally suggested using the format to store the <a href="/wiki/Film_frame" title="Film frame">frames</a> of an animation sequence. To facilitate <i>displaying</i> animations, the GIF89a spec added the Graphic Control Extension (GCE), which allows the images (frames) in the file to be painted with time delays, forming a <a href="/wiki/Video_clip" title="Video clip">video clip</a>. Each frame in an animation GIF is introduced by its own GCE specifying the time delay to wait after the frame is drawn. Global information at the start of the file applies by default to all frames. The data is stream-oriented, so the file offset of the start of each GCE depends on the length of preceding data. Within each frame the LZW-coded image data is arranged in sub-blocks of up to 255 bytes; the size of each sub-block is declared by the byte that precedes it. </p><p>By default, an animation displays the sequence of frames only once, stopping when the last frame is displayed. To enable an animation to loop, <a href="/wiki/Netscape" title="Netscape">Netscape</a> in the 1990s used the Application Extension block (intended to allow vendors to add application-specific information to the GIF file) to implement the Netscape Application Block (NAB).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This block, placed immediately before the sequence of animation frames, specifies the number of times the sequence of frames should be played (1 to 65535 times) or that it should repeat continuously (zero indicates loop forever). Support for these repeating animations first appeared in <a href="/wiki/Netscape_Navigator" title="Netscape Navigator">Netscape Navigator</a> version 2.0, and then spread to other browsers.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most browsers now recognize and support NAB, though it is not strictly part of the GIF89a specification. </p><p>The following example shows the structure of the animation file <i><a href="/wiki/File:Rotating_earth_(large).gif" title="File:Rotating earth (large).gif">Rotating earth (large).gif</a></i> shown (as a thumbnail) in the article's infobox. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Structure of GIF </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Byte # (hex)</th> <th>Hexadecimal</th> <th>Text or value</th> <th>Meaning </th></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>47 49 46 38 39 61</td> <td>GIF89a</td> <td>Logical Screen Descriptor </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>90 01</td> <td>400</td> <td>Width in pixels </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>90 01</td> <td>400</td> <td>Height in pixels </td></tr> <tr> <td>A</td> <td>F7</td> <td></td> <td>GCT follows for 256 colors with resolution 3<span class="nowrap"> × </span>8 bits/primary </td></tr> <tr> <td>B</td> <td>00</td> <td>0</td> <td>Background color: #000000, black </td></tr> <tr> <td>C</td> <td>00</td> <td>0</td> <td>Default pixel aspect ratio, 0:0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>D</td> <td>00</td> <td></td> <td>Global Color Table </td></tr> <tr> <td>⋮</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>30D </td> <td>21 </td> <td><code>'!'</code> </td> <td>An Extension Block (introduced by an ASCII exclamation point <code>'!'</code>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>30E</td> <td>FF</td> <td></td> <td>Application Extension </td></tr> <tr> <td>30F</td> <td>0B</td> <td>11</td> <td>Size of block including application name and verification bytes (always 11) </td></tr> <tr> <td>310</td> <td>4E 45 54 53 43 41 50 45 32 2E 30</td> <td>NETSCAPE2.0</td> <td>8-byte application name plus 3 verification bytes </td></tr> <tr> <td>31B</td> <td>03</td> <td>3</td> <td>Number of bytes in the following sub-block </td></tr> <tr> <td>31C</td> <td>01</td> <td>1</td> <td>Index of the current data sub-block <i>(always 1 for the NETSCAPE block)</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>31D</td> <td>FF FF</td> <td>65535</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsigned_number" class="mw-redirect" title="Unsigned number">Unsigned number</a> of repetitions </td></tr> <tr> <td>31F</td> <td>00</td> <td></td> <td>End of the sub-block chain for the Application Extension block </td></tr> <tr> <td>320 </td> <td>21 </td> <td><code>'!'</code> </td> <td>An Extension Block (introduced by an ASCII exclamation point <code>'!'</code>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>321</td> <td>F9</td> <td></td> <td>Graphic Control Extension for frame #1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>322</td> <td>04</td> <td>4</td> <td>Number of bytes (4) in the current sub-block </td></tr> <tr> <td>323</td> <td>04</td> <td><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span>000..... ...001.. ......0. .......0 </pre></div> <i>(broken into sections for easier reading)</i></td> <td>Reserved, 5 lower bits are <a href="/wiki/Bit_field" title="Bit field">bit field</a><br />Disposal method 1: do not dispose<br />No user input<br />Transparent color, 0 means not given </td></tr> <tr> <td>324</td> <td>09 00</td> <td>9</td> <td>Frame delay: 0.09 second delay before painting next frame </td></tr> <tr> <td>326</td> <td>FF</td> <td></td> <td>Transparent color index <i>(unused in this frame)</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>327</td> <td>00</td> <td></td> <td>End of sub-block chain for Graphic Control Extension block </td></tr> <tr> <td>328</td> <td>2C</td> <td><code>','</code></td> <td>An Image Descriptor (introduced by 0x2C, an ASCII comma <code>','</code>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>329</td> <td>00 00 00 00</td> <td>(0, 0)</td> <td>North-west corner position of image in logical screen: (0, 0) </td></tr> <tr> <td>32D</td> <td>90 01 90 01</td> <td>(400, 400)</td> <td>Frame width and height: 400<span class="nowrap"> × </span>400 pixels </td></tr> <tr> <td>331</td> <td>00</td> <td>0</td> <td>Local color table: 0 means none & no interlacing </td></tr> <tr> <td>332</td> <td>08</td> <td>8</td> <td>Minimum LZW code size for Image Data of frame #1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>333</td> <td>FF</td> <td>255</td> <td>Number of bytes of LZW image data in the following sub-block: 255 bytes </td></tr> <tr> <td>334</td> <td>...</td> <td><image data></td> <td>Image data, 255 bytes </td></tr> <tr> <td>433</td> <td>FF</td> <td>255</td> <td>Number of bytes of LZW image data in the following sub-block, 255 bytes </td></tr> <tr> <td>434</td> <td>...</td> <td><image data></td> <td>Image data, 255 bytes </td></tr> <tr> <td>⋮</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Repeat for next blocks </td></tr> <tr> <td>92C0</td> <td>00</td> <td></td> <td>End of sub-block chain for this frame </td></tr> <tr> <td>92C1 </td> <td>21 </td> <td><code>'!'</code> </td> <td>An Extension Block (introduced by an ASCII exclamation point <code>'!'</code>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>92C2</td> <td>F9</td> <td></td> <td>Graphic Control Extension for frame #2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>⋮</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Repeat for next frames </td></tr> <tr> <td>EDABD </td> <td>21 </td> <td><code>'!'</code> </td> <td>An Extension Block (introduced by an ASCII exclamation point <code>'!'</code>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>EDABE</td> <td>F9</td> <td></td> <td>Graphic Control Extension for frame #44 </td></tr> <tr> <td>⋮</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Image information and data for frame #44 </td></tr> <tr> <td>F48F5</td> <td>3B</td> <td></td> <td>Trailer: Last byte in the file, signaling EOF </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The animation delay for each frame is specified in the GCE in hundredths of a second. Some economy of data is possible where a frame need only rewrite a portion of the pixels of the display, because the Image Descriptor can define a smaller rectangle to be rescanned instead of the whole image. Browsers or other displays that do not support animated GIFs typically show only the first frame. </p><p>The size and color quality of animated GIF files can vary significantly depending on the application used to create them. Strategies for minimizing file size include using a common global color table for all frames (rather than a complete local color table for each frame) and minimizing the number of pixels covered in successive frames (so that only the pixels that change from one frame to the next are included in the latter frame). More advanced techniques involve modifying color sequences to better match the existing LZW dictionary, a form of <a href="/wiki/Lossy_compression" title="Lossy compression">lossy compression</a>. Simply packing a series of independent frame images into a composite animation tends to yield large file sizes. Tools are available to minimize the file size given an existing GIF. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Metadata">Metadata</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIF&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Metadata"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">Metadata</a> can be stored in GIF files as a comment block, a plain text block, or an application-specific application extension block. Several graphics editors use unofficial application extension blocks to include the data used to generate the image, so that it can be recovered for further editing. </p><p>All of these methods technically require the metadata to be broken into sub-blocks so that applications can navigate the metadata block without knowing its internal structure. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Extensible_Metadata_Platform" title="Extensible Metadata Platform">Extensible Metadata Platform</a> (XMP) metadata standard introduced an unofficial but now widespread "XMP Data" application extension block for including XMP data in GIF files.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the XMP data is encoded using <a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a> without NUL characters, there are no 0 bytes in the data. Rather than break the data into formal sub-blocks, the extension block terminates with a "magic trailer" that routes any application treating the data as sub-blocks to a final 0 byte that terminates the sub-block chain. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unisys_and_LZW_patent_enforcement">Unisys and LZW patent enforcement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIF&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Unisys and LZW patent enforcement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1977 and 1978, <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Ziv" title="Jacob Ziv">Jacob Ziv</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lempel" title="Abraham Lempel">Abraham Lempel</a> published a pair of papers on a new class of lossless data-compression algorithms, now collectively referred to as <a href="/wiki/LZ77_and_LZ78" title="LZ77 and LZ78">LZ77 and LZ78</a>. In 1983, <a href="/wiki/Terry_Welch" title="Terry Welch">Terry Welch</a> developed a fast variant of LZ78 which was named <a href="/wiki/Lempel%E2%80%93Ziv%E2%80%93Welch" title="Lempel–Ziv–Welch">Lempel–Ziv–Welch</a> (LZW).<sup id="cite_ref-PNG_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PNG-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KYZ_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KYZ-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Welch filed a patent application for the LZW method in June 1983. The resulting patent, US4558302,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> granted in December 1985, was assigned to <a href="/wiki/Sperry_Corporation" title="Sperry Corporation">Sperry Corporation</a> who subsequently merged with <a href="/wiki/Burroughs_Corporation" title="Burroughs Corporation">Burroughs Corporation</a> in 1986 and formed <a href="/wiki/Unisys" title="Unisys">Unisys</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PNG_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PNG-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further patents were obtained in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Japan and Canada. </p><p>In addition to the above patents, Welch's 1983 patent also includes citations to several other patents that influenced it, including: </p> <ul><li>two 1980 Japanese patents from <a href="/wiki/NEC" title="NEC">NEC</a>'s Jun Kanatsu,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US4021782">U.S. patent 4,021,782</a></span> (1974) from John S. Hoerning,</li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US4366551">U.S. patent 4,366,551</a></span> (1977) from Klaus E. Holtz, and</li> <li>a 1981 German patent from Karl Eckhart Heinz.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In June 1984, an article by Welch was published in the <a href="/wiki/IEEE" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE">IEEE</a> magazine which publicly described the LZW technique for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-cloanto_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cloanto-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> LZW became a popular data compression technique and, when the patent was granted, Unisys entered into licensing agreements with over a hundred companies.<sup id="cite_ref-PNG_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PNG-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LPF_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LPF-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The popularity of LZW led <a href="/wiki/CompuServe" title="CompuServe">CompuServe</a> to choose it as the compression technique for their version of GIF, developed in 1987. At the time, CompuServe was not aware of the patent.<sup id="cite_ref-PNG_42-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PNG-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unisys became aware that the version of GIF used the LZW compression technique and entered into licensing negotiations with CompuServe in January 1993. The subsequent agreement was announced on 24 December 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-KYZ_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KYZ-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unisys stated that they expected all major commercial on-line information services companies employing the LZW patent to license the technology from Unisys at a reasonable rate, but that they would not require licensing, or fees to be paid, for non-commercial, non-profit GIF-based applications, including those for use on the on-line services.<sup id="cite_ref-LPF_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LPF-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following this announcement, there was widespread condemnation of CompuServe and Unisys, and many software developers threatened to stop using GIF. The <a href="/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Network Graphics">PNG format</a> (see below) was developed in 1995 as an intended replacement.<sup id="cite_ref-PNG_42-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PNG-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KYZ_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KYZ-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cloanto_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cloanto-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, obtaining support from the makers of Web browsers and other software for the PNG format proved difficult and it was not possible to replace GIF, although PNG has gradually increased in popularity.<sup id="cite_ref-PNG_42-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PNG-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, GIF variations without LZW compression were developed. For instance the libungif library, based on <a href="/wiki/Eric_S._Raymond" title="Eric S. Raymond">Eric S. Raymond</a>'s giflib, allows creation of GIFs that followed the data format but avoided the compression features, thus avoiding use of the Unisys LZW patent.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2001 <i><a href="/wiki/Dr._Dobb%27s_Journal" title="Dr. Dobb's Journal">Dr. Dobb's</a></i> article described a way to achieve LZW-compatible encoding without infringing on its patents.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 1999, Unisys changed the details of their licensing practice, announcing the option for owners of certain non-commercial and private websites to obtain licenses on payment of a one-time license fee of $5000 or $7500.<sup id="cite_ref-Unisys_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Unisys-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such licenses were not required for website owners or other GIF users who had used licensed software to generate GIFs. Nevertheless, Unisys was subjected to thousands of online attacks and abusive emails from users believing that they were going to be charged $5000 or sued for using GIFs on their websites.<sup id="cite_ref-slashdot_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-slashdot-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite giving free licenses to hundreds of non-profit organizations, schools and governments, Unisys was completely unable to generate any good publicity and continued to be condemned by individuals and organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/League_for_Programming_Freedom" title="League for Programming Freedom">League for Programming Freedom</a> who started the "Burn All GIFs" campaign in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-burn_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-burn-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The United States LZW patent expired on 20 June 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-Unisys2_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Unisys2-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The counterpart patents in the United Kingdom, France, Germany and Italy expired on 18 June 2004, the Japanese patents expired on 20 June 2004, and the Canadian patent expired on 7 July 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-Unisys2_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Unisys2-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, while Unisys has further patents and patent applications relating to improvements to the LZW technique,<sup id="cite_ref-Unisys2_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Unisys2-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> LZW itself (and consequently GIF) have been free to use since July 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alternatives">Alternatives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIF&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Alternatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PNG">PNG</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIF&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: PNG"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Network Graphics">Portable Network Graphics</a> (PNG) was designed as a replacement for GIF in order to avoid infringement of Unisys' patent on the LZW compression technique.<sup id="cite_ref-PNG_42-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PNG-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PNG offers better compression and more features than GIF,<sup id="cite_ref-png_fea_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-png_fea-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> animation being the only significant exception. PNG is more suitable than GIF in instances where true-color imaging and <a href="/wiki/Alpha_transparency" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha transparency">alpha transparency</a> are required. </p><p>Although support for PNG format came slowly, new <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browsers</a> support PNG. Older versions of <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a> do not support all features of PNG. Versions 6 and earlier do not support <a href="/wiki/Alpha_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha channel">alpha channel</a> transparency without using Microsoft-specific HTML extensions.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gamma_correction" title="Gamma correction">Gamma</a> correction of PNG images was not supported before version 8, and the display of these images in earlier versions may have the wrong tint.<sup id="cite_ref-new_ie7_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-new_ie7-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For identical 8-bit (or lower) image data, PNG files are typically smaller than the equivalent GIFs, due to the more efficient compression techniques used in PNG encoding.<sup id="cite_ref-png_opt_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-png_opt-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Complete support for GIF is complicated chiefly by the complex canvas structure it allows, though this is what enables the compact animation features. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Animation_formats">Animation formats</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIF&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Animation formats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Videos resolve many issues that GIFs present through common usage on the web. They include drastically smaller <a href="/wiki/File_size" title="File size">file sizes</a>, the ability to surpass the <a href="/wiki/8-bit_color" title="8-bit color">8-bit color</a> restriction, and better frame-handling and compression through <a href="/wiki/Inter_frame" title="Inter frame">inter-frame coding</a>. Virtually universal support for the GIF format in <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browsers</a> and a lack of official support for video in the <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> standard caused GIF to rise to prominence for the purpose of displaying short video-like files on the web. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiple-image_Network_Graphics" title="Multiple-image Network Graphics">MNG</a> ("Multiple-image Network Graphics") was originally developed as a PNG-based solution for animations. MNG reached version 1.0 in 2001, but few applications support it.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animated_Portable_Network_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Animated Portable Network Graphics">APNG</a> ("Animated Portable Network Graphics") was proposed by <a href="/wiki/Mozilla" title="Mozilla">Mozilla</a> in 2006. APNG is an extension to the PNG format as alternative to the MNG format. APNG is supported by most browsers as of 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> APNG provides the ability to animate PNG files, while retaining backwards compatibility in decoders that cannot understand the animation chunk (unlike MNG). Older decoders will simply render the first frame of the animation.</li></ul> <dl><dd>The PNG group officially rejected APNG as an official extension on 20 April 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dd>There have been several subsequent proposals for a simple animated graphics format based on PNG using several different approaches.<sup id="cite_ref-proposalcomparison_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proposalcomparison-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, APNG is still under development by Mozilla and is supported in <a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Firefox#Version_3.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozilla Firefox">Firefox 3.0</a><sup id="cite_ref-APNG_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APNG-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mozlabsapng_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mozlabsapng-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while MNG support was dropped.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> APNG is currently supported by all major web browsers including Chrome (since version 59.0), Opera, Firefox and Edge.</dd></dl> <ul><li>Embedded <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash">Adobe Flash</a> objects and <a href="/wiki/MPEG" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG">MPEG</a> files were used on some websites to display simple video, but required the use of an additional browser plugin.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebM" title="WebM">WebM</a> and <a href="/wiki/WebP" title="WebP">WebP</a> are in development and are supported by some web browsers.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Other options for web animation include serving individual frames using <a href="/wiki/AJAX" class="mw-redirect" title="AJAX">AJAX</a>, or animating <a href="/wiki/Scalable_vector_graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable vector graphics">SVG</a> ("Scalable vector graphics") images using <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> or <a href="/wiki/Synchronized_Multimedia_Integration_Language" title="Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language">SMIL</a> ("Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language").<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>With the introduction of widespread support of the <a href="/wiki/HTML_video" title="HTML video">HTML video</a> (<code><video></code>) tag in most web browsers, some websites use a looped version of the video tag generated by <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> functions. This gives the appearance of a GIF, but with the size and speed advantages of compressed video.</li></ul> <dl><dd>Notable examples are <a href="/wiki/Gfycat" title="Gfycat">Gfycat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Imgur" title="Imgur">Imgur</a> and their GIFV metaformat, which is really a video tag playing a looped <a href="/wiki/MP4" class="mw-redirect" title="MP4">MP4</a> or <a href="/wiki/WebM" title="WebM">WebM</a> compressed video.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Image_File_Format" title="High Efficiency Image File Format">HEIF</a> ("High Efficiency Image File Format") is an image file format, finalized in 2015, which uses a <a href="/wiki/Discrete_cosine_transform" title="Discrete cosine transform">discrete cosine transform</a> (DCT) <a href="/wiki/Lossy_compression" title="Lossy compression">lossy compression</a> algorithm based on the <a href="/wiki/HEVC" class="mw-redirect" title="HEVC">HEVC</a> video format, and related to the <a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a> image format. In contrast to JPEG, HEIF supports animation.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dd>Compared to the GIF format, which lacks DCT compression, HEIF allows significantly more efficient compression. HEIF stores more information and produces higher-quality animated images at a small fraction of an equivalent GIF's size.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VP9" title="VP9">VP9</a> only supports <a href="/wiki/Alpha_compositing" title="Alpha compositing">alpha compositing</a> with 4:2:0 <a href="/wiki/Chroma_subsampling" title="Chroma subsampling">chroma subsampling</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which may be unsuitable for GIFs that combine transparency with <a href="/wiki/Rasterisation" title="Rasterisation">rasterised</a> <a href="/wiki/Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics">vector graphics</a> with fine color details.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AV1" title="AV1">AV1</a> video codec or <a href="/wiki/AVIF" title="AVIF">AVIF</a> can also be used either as a video or a sequenced image.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Uses">Uses</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIF&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2014, <a href="/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a> added support for silent <a href="/wiki/WebM" title="WebM">WebM</a> videos that are under 3 MB in size and 2 min in length,<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in October 2014, <a href="/wiki/Imgur" title="Imgur">Imgur</a> started converting any GIF files uploaded to the site to <a href="/wiki/H.264" class="mw-redirect" title="H.264">H.264</a> video and giving the link to the HTML player the appearance of an actual file with a <code>.gifv</code> extension.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2016, <a href="/wiki/Telegram_(software)" title="Telegram (software)">Telegram</a> started re-encoding all GIFs to <a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">MPEG-4</a> videos that "require up to 95% less disk space for the same image quality."<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIF&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/28px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/42px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/56px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="407" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Internet" title="Portal:Internet">Internet portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Animation_disc.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Animation_disc.svg/30px-Animation_disc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Animation_disc.svg/45px-Animation_disc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Animation_disc.svg/60px-Animation_disc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="28" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Animation" title="Portal:Animation">Animation portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AVIF" title="AVIF">AVIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinemagraph" title="Cinemagraph">Cinemagraph</a>, a partially animated photograph often in GIF</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_beacon" title="Web beacon">Clear GIF</a>, a technique used to check content access</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_graphics_file_formats" title="Comparison of graphics file formats">Comparison of graphics file formats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIF_art" title="GIF art">GIF art</a>, a form of <a href="/wiki/Digital_art" title="Digital art">digital art</a> associated with GIF</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIFBuilder" title="GIFBuilder">GIFBuilder</a>, early <a href="/wiki/Animated_GIF" class="mw-redirect" title="Animated GIF">animated GIF</a> creation program</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plotutils" title="Plotutils">GNU plotutils</a> (supports pseudo-GIF, which uses <a href="/wiki/Run-length_encoding" title="Run-length encoding">run-length encoding</a> rather than LZW)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_GIF_Animator" title="Microsoft GIF Animator">Microsoft GIF Animator</a>, historic program to create simple animated GIFs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_patent" title="Software patent">Software patent</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIF&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-87aSpec-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-87aSpec_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-87aSpec_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-87aSpec_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output 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href="http://www.w3.org/Graphics/GIF/spec-gif87.txt">"Graphics Interchange Format, Version 87a"</a>. <a href="/wiki/W3C" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C">W3C</a>. 15 June 1987. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181222025600/http://www.w3.org/Graphics/GIF/spec-gif87.txt">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Books blog. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161201172504/https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2012/nov/14/gif-america-word-year-omnishambles">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Gif+is+America%27s+word+of+the+year%3F+Now+that%27s+what+I+call+an+omnishambles&rft.date=2013-04-27&rft.aulast=Flood&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2Fbooksblog%2F2012%2Fnov%2F14%2Fgif-america-word-year-omnishambles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-olsen-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-olsen_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlsen" class="citation web cs1">Olsen, Steve. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olsenhome.com/gif/">"The GIF Pronunciation Page"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090225075707/http://www.olsenhome.com/gif/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+GIF+Pronunciation+Page&rft.aulast=Olsen&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.olsenhome.com%2Fgif%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC20130522-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC20130522_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC20130522_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC20130522_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-22620473">"Gif's inventor says ignore dictionaries and say 'Jif'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 22 May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180627083454/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-22620473">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Gif%27s+inventor+says+ignore+dictionaries+and+say+%27Jif%27&rft.date=2013-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Ftechnology-22620473&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuck2014" class="citation news cs1">Buck, Stephanie (21 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mashable.com/archive/mispronounced-words-tech">"70 percent of people worldwide pronounce <i>GIF</i> with a hard <i>g</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Mashable" title="Mashable">Mashable</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211223162234/https://mashable.com/archive/mispronounced-words-tech">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=English+Today&rft.atitle=Obama%2C+SCUBA+or+gift%3F%3A+Authority+and+argumentation+in+online+discussion+on+the+pronunciation+of+GIF&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=45-50&rft.date=2019-05-22&rft.aulast=van+der+Meulen&rft.aufirst=Marten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fenglish-today%2Farticle%2Fobama-scuba-or-gift%2F0057DB6B7B1FAABBE3112342FE14E27D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/GIF">"GIF"</a>. <i>The American Heritage Abbreviations Dictionary, Third Edition</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Heritage+Abbreviations+Dictionary%2C+Third+Edition&rft.atitle=GIF&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.reference.com%2Fbrowse%2FGIF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cambridgedict-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cambridgedict_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/business-english/gif?q=gif">"GIF"</a>. <i>The Cambridge Dictionary of American English</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Dictionaries+Online&rft.atitle=GIF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fenglish%2FGIF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/gif">"gif noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes | Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary"</a>. <i>Oxford Learner's Dictionaries</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201124151618/https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/gif">Archived</a> from the original on 24 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Learner%27s+Dictionaries&rft.atitle=gif+noun+-+Definition%2C+pictures%2C+pronunciation+and+usage+notes+%7C+Oxford+Advanced+Learner%27s+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fenglish%2Fgif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210213163951/https://www.lexico.com/definition/gif">"GIF | Definition of GIF by Oxford Dictionary"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a></i>. 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Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199571123" title="Special:BookSources/9780199571123"><bdi>9780199571123</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/729551189">729551189</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220823125918/https://www.worldcat.org/title/729551189">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+English&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F729551189&rft.isbn=9780199571123&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F729551189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The New Oxford American Dictionary</i> (2nd ed.). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=An+Honor+for+the+Creator+of+the+GIF&rft.date=2013-05-21&rft.aulast=O%27Leary&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbits.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F05%2F21%2Fan-honor-for-the-creator-of-the-gif%2F%3Fsmid%3Dtw-nytimes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LAT20131204-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LAT20131204_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LAT20131204_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothberg2013" class="citation news cs1">Rothberg, Daniel (4 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/nation/shareitnow/la-sh-alex-trebek-gif-pronunciation-jeopardy-20131204,0,1162165.story#axzz2mYD3tX3M">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Jeopardy' wades into 'GIF' pronunciation battle"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131206004148/http://www.latimes.com/nation/shareitnow/la-sh-alex-trebek-gif-pronunciation-jeopardy-20131204,0,1162165.story#axzz2mYD3tX3M">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=%27Jeopardy%27+wades+into+%27GIF%27+pronunciation+battle&rft.date=2013-12-04&rft.aulast=Rothberg&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnation%2Fshareitnow%2Fla-sh-alex-trebek-gif-pronunciation-jeopardy-20131204%2C0%2C1162165.story%23axzz2mYD3tX3M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Leary2013" class="citation news cs1">O'Leary, Amy (23 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/05/23/battle-over-gif-pronunciation-erupts/?_r=0">"Battle Over 'GIF' Pronunciation Erupts"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131216170719/http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/05/23/battle-over-gif-pronunciation-erupts/?_r=0">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Battle+Over+%27GIF%27+Pronunciation+Erupts&rft.date=2013-05-23&rft.aulast=O%27Leary&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbits.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F05%2F23%2Fbattle-over-gif-pronunciation-erupts%2F%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jif_CNN-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jif_CNN_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValinsky2020" class="citation web cs1">Valinsky, Jordan (February 25, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/25/business/jif-gif-peanut-butter-trnd/index.html">"Jif settles the great debate with a GIF peanut butter jar"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200225173743/https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/25/business/jif-gif-peanut-butter-trnd/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 25, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170702070125/http://www.ieee.org/conferences_events/conferences/conferencedetails/index.htm?Conf_ID=19586">"2012 International Conference on Devices, Circuits and Systems (ICDCS)"</a>. <i>Devices, Circuits and Systems (ICDCS)</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ieee.org/conferences_events/conferences/conferencedetails/index.htm?Conf_ID=19586">International Conference on Devices, Circuits and Systems (ICDCS)</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pro+Android+Flash&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=350&rft.pub=Apress&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781430232315&rft.au=S.+Chin&rft.au=D.+Iverson&rft.au=O.+Campesato&rft.au=P.+Trani&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyuliana.lecturer.pens.ac.id%2FAndroid%2FBuku%2FPro-Android-Flash.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBakhshiShammaKennedySong2016" class="citation book cs1">Bakhshi, Saeideh; Shamma, David A.; Kennedy, Lyndon; Song, Yale; de Juan, Paloma; Kaye, Joseph "Jofish" (7 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858532">"Fast, Cheap, and Good: Why Animated GIFs Engage Us"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems</i>. pp. 575–586. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F2858036.2858532">10.1145/2858036.2858532</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781450333627" title="Special:BookSources/9781450333627"><bdi>9781450333627</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:7417853">7417853</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phil.ipal.org/tc.html">the original</a> on 22 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=True-Color+GIF+Example&rft.au=Philip+Howard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphil.ipal.org%2Ftc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nullsleep.tumblr.com/post/16524517190/animated-gif-minimum-frame-delay-browser-compatibility">"Nullsleep - Jeremiah Johnson - Animated GIF Minimum Frame Delay Browser Compatibility Study"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141010173918/http://nullsleep.tumblr.com/post/16524517190/animated-gif-minimum-frame-delay-browser-compatibility">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nullsleep+-+Jeremiah+Johnson+-+Animated+GIF+Minimum+Frame+Delay+Browser+Compatibility+Study&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnullsleep.tumblr.com%2Fpost%2F16524517190%2Fanimated-gif-minimum-frame-delay-browser-compatibility&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170201034945/http://blog.fenrir-inc.com/us/2012/02/theyre-different-how-to-match-the-animation-rate-of-gif-files-accross-browsers.html">"They're different! 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Developer%27s+Blog&rft.atitle=They%27re+different%21+How+to+match+the+animation+rate+of+gif+files+accross%26%2332%3B%26%2391%3Bsic%26%2393%3B+browsers&rft.date=2012-02-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.fenrir-inc.com%2Fus%2F2012%2F02%2Ftheyre-different-how-to-match-the-animation-rate-of-gif-files-accross-browsers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoyal_Frazier" class="citation web cs1">Royal Frazier. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19990418091037/http://www6.uniovi.es/gifanim/gifabout.htm">"All About GIF89a"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www6.uniovi.es/gifanim/gifabout.htm">the original</a> on 18 April 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=All+About+GIF89a&rft.au=Royal+Frazier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww6.uniovi.es%2Fgifanim%2Fgifabout.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott_Walter1996" class="citation book cs1">Scott Walter (1996). <i>Web Scripting Secret Weapons</i>. <a href="/wiki/Que_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Que Publishing">Que Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7897-0947-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7897-0947-3"><bdi>0-7897-0947-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Web+Scripting+Secret+Weapons&rft.pub=Que+Publishing&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-7897-0947-3&rft.au=Scott+Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wwwimages2.adobe.com/content/dam/acom/en/devnet/xmp/pdfs/XMP%20SDK%20Release%20cc-2016-08/XMPSpecificationPart3.pdf">"XMP Specification Part 3: Storage in Files"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Adobe. 2016. pp. 11–12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180225154501/https://wwwimages2.adobe.com/content/dam/acom/en/devnet/xmp/pdfs/XMP%20SDK%20Release%20cc-2016-08/XMPSpecificationPart3.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 25 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=XMP+Specification+Part+3%3A+Storage+in+Files&rft.pages=11-12&rft.pub=Adobe&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwwwimages2.adobe.com%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Facom%2Fen%2Fdevnet%2Fxmp%2Fpdfs%2FXMP%2520SDK%2520Release%2520cc-2016-08%2FXMPSpecificationPart3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PNG-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PNG_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PNG_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PNG_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PNG_42-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PNG_42-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PNG_42-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PNG_42-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreg_Roelofs" class="citation web cs1">Greg Roelofs. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/pnghist.html">"History of the Portable Network Graphics (PNG) Format"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120307042624/http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/pnghist.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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GIF patent dead at 20"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120210060008/http://www.kyzer.me.uk/essays/giflzw/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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class="mw-redirect" title="Sperry Corp.">Sperry Corp.</a></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=4558302&rft.cc=US&rft.title=&rft.inventor=Welch&rft.assignee=%5B%5BSperry+Corp.%5D%5D&rft.pubdate=1985-12-10"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation patent" id="CITEREFKanatsu1982"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=JPS5719857A">JP patent S5719857A</a>, Kanatsu, Jiyun, "Data compression storage device", published 1982-02-02,  assigned to <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Electric_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Nippon Electric Corporation">Nippon Electric Corp.</a></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=S5719857A&rft.cc=JP&rft.title=Data+compression+storage+device&rft.inventor=Kanatsu&rft.assignee=%5B%5BNippon+Electric+Corporation%7CNippon+Electric+Corp.%5D%5D&rft.appldate=1980-07-09&rft.pubdate=1982-02-02"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation patent" id="CITEREFKanatsuError:_Invalid_time.Category:Pages_with_parser_function_time_errors"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=JPS57101937A">JP patent S57101937A</a>, Kanatsu, Jiyun, "Data storage device", published 1986-20-24,  assigned to <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Electric_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Nippon Electric Corporation">Nippon 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=3118676&rft.cc=DE&rft.title=Verfahren+zur+Kompression+redundanter+Folgen+serieller+Datenelemente+%5BMethod+for+compressing+redundant+sequences+of+serial+data+elements%5D&rft.inventor=Eckhart&rft.appldate=1981-05-12&rft.pubdate=1982-12-02"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US4558302">U.S. patent 4,558,302</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cloanto-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cloanto_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cloanto_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+GIF+Controversy%3A+A+Software+Developer%27s+Perspective&rft.date=1995-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmike.pub%2F19950127-gif-lzw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LPF-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LPF_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LPF_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070207110047/http://lpf.ai.mit.edu/Patents/Gif/unisys.html">"Unisys Clarifies Policy Regarding Patent Use in On-Line Service Offerings"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefreelibrary.com/UNISYS+CLARIFIES+POLICY+REGARDING+PATENT+USE+IN+ON-LINE+SERVICE+...-a016000999">the original</a> on 7 February 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unisys+Clarifies+Policy+Regarding+Patent+Use+in+On-Line+Service+Offerings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefreelibrary.com%2FUNISYS%2BCLARIFIES%2BPOLICY%2BREGARDING%2BPATENT%2BUSE%2BIN%2BON-LINE%2BSERVICE%2B...-a016000999&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span> – archived by <a href="/wiki/League_for_Programming_Freedom" title="League for Programming Freedom">League for Programming Freedom</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Libungif">"Libungif"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150413095700/http://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Libungif">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Libungif&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdirectory.fsf.org%2Fwiki%2FLibungif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCargill2001" class="citation web cs1">Cargill, Tom (1 October 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drdobbs.com/architecture-and-design/replacing-a-dictionary-with-a-square-roo/184404817">"Replacing a Dictionary with a Square Root"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dr._Dobb%27s_Journal" title="Dr. Dobb's Journal">Dr. Dobb's Journal</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170628173622/http://www.drdobbs.com/architecture-and-design/replacing-a-dictionary-with-a-square-roo/184404817">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dr.+Dobb%27s+Journal&rft.atitle=Replacing+a+Dictionary+with+a+Square+Root&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.aulast=Cargill&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drdobbs.com%2Farchitecture-and-design%2Freplacing-a-dictionary-with-a-square-roo%2F184404817&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Unisys-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Unisys_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090608194513/http://www.unisys.com/about__unisys/lzw/lzw__license__english.htm">"LZW Software and Patent Information"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unisys.com/about__unisys/lzw/lzw__license__english.htm">the original</a> on 8 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LZW+Software+and+Patent+Information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unisys.com%2Fabout__unisys%2Flzw%2Flzw__license__english.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span> – clarification of 2 September 1999</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-slashdot-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-slashdot_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slashdot.org/story/99/08/31/0143246/unisys-not-suing-most-webmasters-for-using-gifs">Unisys Not Suing (most) Webmasters for Using GIFs</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170510024223/https://slashdot.org/story/99/08/31/0143246/unisys-not-suing-most-webmasters-for-using-gifs">Archived</a> 10 May 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – <a href="/wiki/Slashdot" title="Slashdot">Slashdot</a> investigation into the controversy</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19991013083423/http://burnallgifs.org/">"Burn All GIFs Day"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://burnallgifs.org/">the original</a> on 13 October 1999.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Burn+All+GIFs+Day&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fburnallgifs.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-burn-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-burn_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://burnallgifs.org/archives/">Burn All GIFs</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070203044403/http://burnallgifs.org/archives/">Archived</a> 3 February 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – A project of the League for Programming Freedom (latest version)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Unisys2-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Unisys2_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Unisys2_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Unisys2_57-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090602212118/http://www.unisys.com/about__unisys/lzw">"License Information on GIF and Other LZW-based Technologies"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unisys.com/about__unisys/lzw">the original</a> on 2 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=License+Information+on+GIF+and+Other+LZW-based+Technologies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unisys.com%2Fabout__unisys%2Flzw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/gif.html">"Why There Are No GIF Files on GNU Web Pages"</a>. Free Software Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120519232602/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/gif.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+There+Are+No+GIF+Files+on+GNU+Web+Pages&rft.pub=Free+Software+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gnu.org%2Fphilosophy%2Fgif.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-png_fea-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-png_fea_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.websiteoptimization.com/speed/tweak/png/">"PNG versus GIF Compression"</a>. 31 March 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090715080828/http://www.websiteoptimization.com/speed/tweak/png/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PNG+versus+GIF+Compression&rft.date=2007-03-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.websiteoptimization.com%2Fspeed%2Ftweak%2Fpng%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms532969(VS.85).aspx">"AlphaImageLoader Filter"</a>. Microsoft. 4 September 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141003214847/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms532969(VS.85).aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AlphaImageLoader+Filter&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft.date=2012-09-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmsdn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Flibrary%2Fms532969%28VS.85%29.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-new_ie7-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-new_ie7_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms649487%28VS.85%29.aspx">"What's New in Internet Explorer 7"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MSDN" class="mw-redirect" title="MSDN">MSDN</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090301140032/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms649487(VS.85).aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MSDN&rft.atitle=What%27s+New+in+Internet+Explorer+7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmsdn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Flibrary%2Fms649487%2528VS.85%2529.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-png_opt-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-png_opt_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scantips.com/basics9p.html">"PNG Image File Format"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090614110627/http://www.scantips.com/basics9p.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PNG+Image+File+Format&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scantips.com%2Fbasics9p.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://caniuse.com/#feat=apng">"Can I use... Support tables for HTML5, CSS3, etc"</a>. <i>caniuse.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180219074228/https://caniuse.com/#feat=apng">Archived</a> from the original on 19 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=caniuse.com&rft.atitle=Can+I+use...+Support+tables+for+HTML5%2C+CSS3%2C+etc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcaniuse.com%2F%23feat%3Dapng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/message.php?msg_id=131482">"VOTE FAILED: APNG 20070405a"</a>. <a href="/wiki/SourceForge" title="SourceForge">SourceForge</a> mailing list. 20 April 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130213103632/http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/message.php?msg_id=131482">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=VOTE+FAILED%3A+APNG+20070405a&rft.pub=SourceForge+mailing+list&rft.date=2007-04-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsourceforge.net%2Fmailarchive%2Fmessage.php%3Fmsg_id%3D131482&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-proposalcomparison-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-proposalcomparison_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090226103407/http://gjuyn.xs4all.nl/pnganim.html">"Discussion for a simple "animated" PNG format"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gjuyn.xs4all.nl/pnganim.html">the original</a> on 26 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Discussion+for+a+simple+%22animated%22+PNG+format&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgjuyn.xs4all.nl%2Fpnganim.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-APNG-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-APNG_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.mozilla.org/APNG_Specification">"APNG Specification"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100705233055/https://wiki.mozilla.org/APNG_Specification">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=APNG+Specification&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.mozilla.org%2FAPNG_Specification&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mozlabsapng-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mozlabsapng_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.mozilla.org/labs/2007/08/better-animations-in-firefox-3/">"Mozilla Labs » Blog Archive » Better animations in Firefox 3"</a>. 13 August 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307093938/https://blog.mozilla.org/labs/2007/08/better-animations-in-firefox-3/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mozilla+Labs+%C2%BB+Blog+Archive+%C2%BB+Better+animations+in+Firefox+3&rft.date=2007-08-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.mozilla.org%2Flabs%2F2007%2F08%2Fbetter-animations-in-firefox-3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=195280">"195280 – Removal of MNG/JNG support"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225102000/https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=195280">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=195280+%E2%80%93+Removal+of+MNG%2FJNG+support&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbugzilla.mozilla.org%2Fshow_bug.cgi%3Fid%3D195280&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=18574">"18574 – (mng) restore support for MNG animation format and JNG image format"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210317013748/https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=18574">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=18574+%E2%80%93+%28mng%29+restore+support+for+MNG+animation+format+and+JNG+image+format&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbugzilla.mozilla.org%2Fshow_bug.cgi%3Fid%3D18574&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.chromium.org/2013/11/chrome-32-beta-animated-webp-images-and.html">"Chromium Blog: Chrome 32 Beta: Animated WebP images and faster Chrome for Android touch input"</a>. Blog.chromium.org. 21 November 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180717235844/https://blog.chromium.org/2013/11/chrome-32-beta-animated-webp-images-and.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Meet+the+technology+that+could+make+GIFs+obsolete&rft.aulast=Dewey&rft.aufirst=Caitlin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fblogs%2Fstyle-blog%2Fwp%2F2014%2F04%2F08%2Fmeet-the-technology-that-could-make-gifs-obsolete%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.4chan.org/post/81896300203/webm-support-on-4chan">"WebM support on 4chan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan Blog</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140406171238/http://blog.4chan.org/post/81896300203/webm-support-on-4chan">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WebM+support+on+4chan&rft.pub=4chan+Blog&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.4chan.org%2Fpost%2F81896300203%2Fwebm-support-on-4chan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.imgur.com/2014/10/09/introducing-gifv/">"Introducing GIFV"</a>. Imgur. 9 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200505012906/https://blog.imgur.com/2014/10/09/introducing-gifv/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Imgur+Revamps+GIFs+for+Faster+Speeds+and+Higher+Quality+with+GIFV&rft.pub=Lifehacker&rft.date=2014-10-09&rft.aulast=Allan&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flifehacker.com%2Fimgur-revamps-gifs-for-faster-speeds-and-higher-quality-1644494212&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://telegram.org/blog/gif-revolution">"GIF Revolution"</a>. <i>Official Telegram Blog</i>. 4 January 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160110202119/https://telegram.org/blog/gif-revolution">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+Telegram+Blog&rft.atitle=GIF+Revolution&rft.date=2016-01-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftelegram.org%2Fblog%2Fgif-revolution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIF&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:GIF_file_format" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:GIF file format">GIF file format</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://giflib.sourceforge.net/">The GIFLIB project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/Graphics/GIF/spec-gif89a.txt">spec-gif89a.txt</a> GIF 89a specification on <a href="/wiki/W3.org" class="mw-redirect" title="W3.org">w3.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304075538/http://qalle.net/gif89a.php">GIF 89a specification reformatted into HTML</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eecis.udel.edu/~amer/CISC651/lzw.and.gif.explained.html">LZW and GIF explained</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/video/2207348428/">Animated GIFs</a>: a six-minute documentary produced by <a href="/wiki/Off_Book_(web_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Off Book (web series)">Off Book (web series)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Graphics_file_formats" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Graphics_file_formats" title="Template:Graphics file formats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Graphics_file_formats" title="Template talk:Graphics file formats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Graphics_file_formats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Graphics file formats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Graphics_file_formats" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Image_file_format" title="Image file format">Graphics file formats</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Raster_graphics" title="Raster graphics">Raster</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ANI_(file_format)" title="ANI (file format)"> ANI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANIM" title="ANIM">ANIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APNG" title="APNG">APNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ART_image_file_format" title="ART image file format"> ART</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVIF" title="AVIF">AVIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMP_file_format" title="BMP file format"> BMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Better_Portable_Graphics" title="Better Portable Graphics"> BPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSAVE" title="BSAVE"> BSAVE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CALS_Raster_file_format" title="CALS Raster file format"> CAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cineon" title="Cineon"> CIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartesian_Perceptual_Compression" title="Cartesian Perceptual Compression"> CPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CPT_(file_format)" title="CPT (file format)"> CPT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DirectDraw_Surface" title="DirectDraw Surface"> DDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Picture_Exchange" title="Digital Picture Exchange"> DPX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECW_(file_format)" title="ECW (file format)"> ECW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenEXR" title="OpenEXR"> EXR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FITS" title="FITS">FITS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FLIC_(file_format)" title="FLIC (file format)"> FLIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Lossless_Image_Format" title="Free Lossless Image Format"> FLIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FlashPix" title="FlashPix"> FPX</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">GIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDRi_(data_format)" class="mw-redirect" title="HDRi (data format)"> HDRi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding#Main_Still_Picture" title="High Efficiency Video Coding"> HEVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICER_(file_format)" title="ICER (file format)">ICER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Icon_Image_format" title="Apple Icon Image format"> ICNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICO_(file_format)" title="ICO (file format)"> ICO / CUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_Cytometry_Standard" title="Image Cytometry Standard"> ICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ILBM" title="ILBM">ILBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG" title="JBIG">JBIG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG2" title="JBIG2">JBIG2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_Network_Graphics" title="JPEG Network Graphics"> JNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lossless_JPEG#JPEG-LS" title="Lossless JPEG"> JPEG-LS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">JPEG 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XL" title="JPEG XL">JPEG XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XR" title="JPEG XR">JPEG XR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XS" title="JPEG XS">JPEG XS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XT" title="JPEG XT">JPEG XT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JPEG-HDR" class="mw-redirect" title="JPEG-HDR">JPEG-HDR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krita" title="Krita"> KRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple-image_Network_Graphics" title="Multiple-image Network Graphics"> MNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magick_Image_File_Format" title="Magick Image File Format"> MIFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nearly_raw_raster_data" class="mw-redirect" title="Nearly raw raster data"> NRRD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenRaster" title="OpenRaster"> ORA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netpbm#PAM_graphics_format" title="Netpbm"> PAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netpbm" title="Netpbm"> PBM / PGM / PPM / PNM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCX" title="PCX">PCX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Graphics_File" title="Progressive Graphics File"> PGF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICtor_PIC_image_format" title="PICtor PIC image format"> PICtor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PNG" title="PNG">PNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Photoshop#PSD" title="Adobe Photoshop"> PSD / PSB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PaintShop_Pro" title="PaintShop Pro"> PSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QOI_(image_format)" title="QOI (image format)"> QOI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_VR" title="QuickTime VR"> QTVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Raster" title="Sun Raster"> RAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RGBE_image_format" title="RGBE image format"> RGBE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Logluv_TIFF" title="Logluv TIFF">Logluv TIFF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Graphics_Image" title="Silicon Graphics Image"> SGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truevision_TGA" title="Truevision TGA"> TGA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_Image_File_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag Image File Format"> TIFF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TIFF/EP" title="TIFF/EP">TIFF/EP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_Image_File_Format#TIFF/IT" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag Image File Format"> TIFF/IT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulead_PhotoImpact" title="Ulead PhotoImpact"> UFO / UFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol_Bitmap_Format" title="Wireless Application Protocol Bitmap Format"> WBMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebP" title="WebP">WebP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_BitMap" title="X BitMap"> XBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XCF_(file_format)" title="XCF (file format)"> XCF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_PixMap" title="X PixMap"> XPM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xwd" title="Xwd"> XWD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Raw_image_format" title="Raw image format">Raw</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camera_Image_File_Format" title="Camera Image File Format"> CIFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Negative" title="Digital Negative"> DNG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics">Vector</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Illustrator_Artwork" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Illustrator Artwork"> AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CorelDRAW#CDR_file_format" title="CorelDRAW"> CDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Graphics_Metafile" title="Computer Graphics Metafile"> CGM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoCAD_DXF" title="AutoCAD DXF"> DXF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Metafile" class="mw-redirect" title="Enhanced Metafile"> EMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMF%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="EMF+">EMF+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerber_format" title="Gerber format"> Gerber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiku_Vector_Icon_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Haiku Vector Icon Format"> HVIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGES" title="IGES">IGES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precision_Graphics_Markup_Language" title="Precision Graphics Markup Language"> PGML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable Vector Graphics"> SVG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector_Markup_Language" title="Vector Markup Language"> VML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Metafile" title="Windows Metafile"> WMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xar_(graphics)" title="Xar (graphics)"> Xar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Image_file_format#Compound_formats" title="Image file format">Compound</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computable_Document_Format" title="Computable Document Format"> CDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DjVu" title="DjVu">DjVu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encapsulated_PostScript" title="Encapsulated PostScript"> EPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MODCA" title="MODCA">MODCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICT" title="PICT">PICT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostScript" title="PostScript"> PS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SWF" title="SWF">SWF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Application_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Application Markup Language"> XAML</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">Metadata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exif" title="Exif">Exchangeable image file format (Exif)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Press_Telecommunications_Council#Photo_metadata" title="International Press Telecommunications Council">International Press Telecommunications Council § Photo metadata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Metadata_Platform" title="Extensible Metadata Platform">Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Metadata">GIF § Metadata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steganography" title="Steganography">Steganography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Graphics_file_formats" title="Category:Graphics file formats">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_na_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Non-article page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Symbol_na_class.svg/16px-Symbol_na_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Symbol_na_class.svg/23px-Symbol_na_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Symbol_na_class.svg/31px-Symbol_na_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_graphics_file_formats" title="Comparison of graphics file formats">Comparison</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Multimedia_compression_and_container_formats" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Compression_formats" title="Template:Compression formats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Compression_formats" title="Template talk:Compression formats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Compression_formats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Compression formats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Multimedia_compression_and_container_formats" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Multimedia" title="Multimedia">Multimedia</a> <a href="/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">compression</a> and <a href="/wiki/Container_format_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Container format (computing)">container</a> formats</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Video_coding_format" title="Video coding format">Video<br />compression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a>, <br /><a href="/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group" title="Moving Picture Experts Group">MPEG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DV_(video_format)" title="DV (video format)">DV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG" title="Motion JPEG">MJPEG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG_2000" title="Motion JPEG 2000">Motion JPEG 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1" title="MPEG-1">MPEG-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">MPEG-2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H.262/MPEG-2_Part_2" title="H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2">Part 2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">MPEG-4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_2" title="MPEG-4 Part 2">Part 2 / ASP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.264/MPEG-4_AVC" class="mw-redirect" title="H.264/MPEG-4 AVC">Part 10 / AVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_IVC" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-4 IVC">Part 33 / IVC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H" title="MPEG-H">MPEG-H</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">Part 2 / HEVC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MPEG-I (page does not exist)">MPEG-I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">Part 3 / VVC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-5" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-5">MPEG-5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Essential_Video_Coding" title="Essential Video Coding">Part 1 / EVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCEVC" title="LCEVC">Part 2 / LCEVC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video_Coding_Experts_Group" title="Video Coding Experts Group">VCEG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H.120" title="H.120">H.120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.261" title="H.261">H.261</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.262/MPEG-2_Part_2" title="H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2">H.262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.263" title="H.263">H.263</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">H.264 / AVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">H.265 / HEVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">H.266 / VVC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Motion_Picture_and_Television_Engineers" title="Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers">SMPTE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VC-1" title="VC-1">VC-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirac_(video_compression_format)" title="Dirac (video compression format)">VC-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avid_DNxHD" title="Avid DNxHD">VC-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CineForm" title="CineForm">VC-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VC-6" title="VC-6">VC-6</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/On2_Technologies" title="On2 Technologies">TrueMotion</a> and AOMedia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/On2_Technologies#TrueMotion_S" title="On2 Technologies">TrueMotion S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP3" title="VP3">VP3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP6" title="VP6">VP6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP7" class="mw-redirect" title="VP7">VP7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP8" title="VP8">VP8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP9" title="VP9">VP9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AV1" title="AV1">AV1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Chinese Standard</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#First_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS1 P2/AVS+</a>(GB/T 20090.2/16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#Second_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS2 P2</a>(GB/T 33475.2,GY/T 299.1) <ul><li>HDR Vivid(GY/T 358)</li></ul></li> <li>AVS3 P2(GY/T 368)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Video" title="Apple Video">Apple Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bink_Video" title="Bink Video">Bink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinepak" title="Cinepak">Cinepak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daala" title="Daala">Daala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Video_Interactive" title="Digital Video Interactive">DVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FFV1" title="FFV1">FFV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huffyuv" title="Huffyuv">Huffyuv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indeo" title="Indeo">Indeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagarith" title="Lagarith">Lagarith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Video_1" title="Microsoft Video 1">Microsoft Video 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSU_Lossless_Video_Codec" title="MSU Lossless Video Codec">MSU Lossless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMS_Video" title="OMS Video">OMS Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixlet" title="Pixlet">Pixlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_ProRes" title="Apple ProRes">ProRes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ProRes_422" class="mw-redirect" title="ProRes 422">422</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProRes_4444" class="mw-redirect" title="ProRes 4444">4444</a></li></ul></li> <li>QuickTime <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_Animation" title="QuickTime Animation">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_Graphics" title="QuickTime Graphics">Graphics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealVideo" title="RealVideo">RealVideo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTVideo" title="RTVideo">RTVideo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SheerVideo" title="SheerVideo">SheerVideo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smacker_video" title="Smacker video">Smacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorenson_Media" title="Sorenson Media">Sorenson Video/Spark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theora" title="Theora">Theora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_(video_codec)" title="Thor (video codec)">Thor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ut_Video_Codec_Suite" title="Ut Video Codec Suite">Ut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Video" title="Windows Media Video">WMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RatDVD" title="RatDVD">XEB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YULS" title="YULS">YULS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Audio_coding_format" title="Audio coding format">Audio<br />compression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a>,<br /> <a href="/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group" title="Moving Picture Experts Group">MPEG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_II" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer II">MPEG-1 Layer II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_Multichannel" title="MPEG Multichannel">Multichannel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_I" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer I">MPEG-1 Layer I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MPEG-1 Layer III (MP3)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding">AAC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-Efficiency_Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding">HE-AAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AAC-LD" title="AAC-LD">AAC-LD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_Surround" title="MPEG Surround">MPEG Surround</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Lossless_Coding" title="Audio Lossless Coding">MPEG-4 ALS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_SLS" title="MPEG-4 SLS">MPEG-4 SLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Audio_CD#DST" title="Super Audio CD">MPEG-4 DST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonic_Vector_Excitation_Coding" title="Harmonic Vector Excitation Coding">MPEG-4 HVXC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Code-excited linear prediction">MPEG-4 CELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Speech_and_Audio_Coding" title="Unified Speech and Audio Coding">MPEG-D USAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H_3D_Audio" title="MPEG-H 3D Audio">MPEG-H 3D Audio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G.711" title="G.711">G.711</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-law_algorithm" title="A-law algorithm">A-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C-law_algorithm" title="Μ-law algorithm">µ-law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.718" title="G.718">G.718</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.719" title="G.719">G.719</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.722" title="G.722">G.722</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.722.1" title="G.722.1">G.722.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Multi-Rate_Wideband" title="Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband">G.722.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.723" title="G.723">G.723</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.723.1" title="G.723.1">G.723.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.726" title="G.726">G.726</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.728" title="G.728">G.728</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.729" title="G.729">G.729</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.729.1" title="G.729.1">G.729.1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opus_(audio_format)" title="Opus (audio format)">Opus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Low_Bitrate_Codec" title="Internet Low Bitrate Codec">iLBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speex" title="Speex">Speex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorbis" title="Vorbis">Vorbis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FLAC" title="FLAC">FLAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/3GPP" title="3GPP">3GPP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Multi-Rate_audio_codec" title="Adaptive Multi-Rate audio codec">AMR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Multi-Rate_Wideband" title="Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband">AMR-WB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Adaptive_Multi-Rate_%E2%80%93_Wideband" title="Extended Adaptive Multi-Rate – Wideband">AMR-WB+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Variable_Rate_Codec" title="Enhanced Variable Rate Codec">EVRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Variable_Rate_Codec_B" title="Enhanced Variable Rate Codec B">EVRC-B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Voice_Services" title="Enhanced Voice Services">EVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_Rate" title="Half Rate">GSM-HR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_Rate" title="Full Rate">GSM-FR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_full_rate" title="Enhanced full rate">GSM-EFR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/ETSI" class="mw-redirect" title="ETSI">ETSI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital">AC-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_AC-4" title="Dolby AC-4">AC-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DTS_(sound_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="DTS (sound system)">DTS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Bluetooth_Special_Interest_Group" title="Bluetooth Special Interest Group">Bluetooth SIG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SBC_(codec)" title="SBC (codec)">SBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LC3_(codec)" title="LC3 (codec)">LC3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Chinese Standard</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#First_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS1 P10</a>(GB/T 20090.10)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#Second_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS2 P3</a>(GB/T 33475.3) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Audio_Vivid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Audio Vivid (page does not exist)">Audio Vivid</a>(GY/T 363)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Resolution_Adaptation" title="Dynamic Resolution Adaptation">DRA</a>(GB/T 22726)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L2HC" title="L2HC">L2HC</a></li> <li>ExAC(SJ/T 11299.4)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algebraic_code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Algebraic code-excited linear prediction">ACELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Lossless_Audio_Codec" title="Apple Lossless Audio Codec">ALAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asao_(codec)" title="Asao (codec)">Asao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Transform_Acoustic_Coding" class="mw-redirect" title="Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding">ATRAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CELT" title="CELT">CELT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codec_2" title="Codec 2">Codec 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Speech_Audio_Codec" title="Internet Speech Audio Codec">iSAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyra_(codec)" title="Lyra (codec)">Lyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed-excitation_linear_prediction" title="Mixed-excitation linear prediction">MELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey%27s_Audio" title="Monkey's Audio">Monkey's Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MT9" title="MT9">MT9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musepack" title="Musepack">Musepack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OptimFROG" title="OptimFROG">OptimFROG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_Sound_Quality" title="Original Sound Quality">OSQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualcomm_code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Qualcomm code-excited linear prediction">QCELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relaxed_code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Relaxed code-excited linear prediction">RCELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealAudio" title="RealAudio">RealAudio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTAudio" title="RTAudio">RTAudio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avid_Audio#Sound_Designer_file_formats" title="Avid Audio">SD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorten_file_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Shorten file format">SHN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SILK" title="SILK">SILK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siren_(codec)" title="Siren (codec)">Siren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selectable_Mode_Vocoder" title="Selectable Mode Vocoder">SMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SVOPC" title="SVOPC">SVOPC</a></li> <li>TTA <ul><li>True Audio</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TwinVQ" title="TwinVQ">TwinVQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable-Rate_Multimode_Wideband" title="Variable-Rate Multimode Wideband">VMR-WB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector_sum_excited_linear_prediction" title="Vector sum excited linear prediction">VSELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WavPack" title="WavPack">WavPack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio" title="Windows Media Audio">WMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Quality_Authenticated" title="Master Quality Authenticated">MQA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AptX" title="AptX">aptX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AptX#aptX_HD" title="AptX">aptX HD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AptX#aptX_Low_Latency" title="AptX">aptX Low Latency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AptX#aptX_Adaptive" title="AptX">aptX Adaptive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LDAC_(codec)" title="LDAC (codec)">LDAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LHDC_(codec)" title="LHDC (codec)">LHDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LHDC_(codec)#LLAC" title="LHDC (codec)">LLAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Image_compression" title="Image compression">Image<br />compression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a>, <br /><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</a>, <a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joint_Photographic_Experts_Group" title="Joint Photographic Experts Group">JPEG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Group_4_compression" title="Group 4 compression">CCITT Group 4</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">GIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Image_File_Format#HEIC:_HEVC_in_HEIF" title="High Efficiency Image File Format">HEIC / HEIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding#Main_Still_Picture" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">HEVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG" title="JBIG">JBIG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG2" title="JBIG2">JBIG2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">JPEG 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG-LS" class="mw-redirect" title="JPEG-LS">JPEG-LS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XL" title="JPEG XL">JPEG XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XR" title="JPEG XR">JPEG XR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XS" title="JPEG XS">JPEG XS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XT" title="JPEG XT">JPEG XT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Network Graphics">PNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIFF" title="TIFF">TIFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIFF/EP" title="TIFF/EP">TIFF/EP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIFF/IT" class="mw-redirect" title="TIFF/IT">TIFF/IT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/APNG" title="APNG">APNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AV1" title="AV1">AV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVIF" title="AVIF">AVIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Better_Portable_Graphics" title="Better Portable Graphics">BPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DjVu" title="DjVu">DjVu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenEXR" title="OpenEXR">EXR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Lossless_Image_Format" title="Free Lossless Image Format">FLIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICER_(file_format)" title="ICER (file format)">ICER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple-image_Network_Graphics" title="Multiple-image Network Graphics">MNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Graphics_File" title="Progressive Graphics File">PGF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QOI_(image_format)" title="QOI (image format)">QOI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_VR" title="QuickTime VR">QTVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol_Bitmap_Format" title="Wireless Application Protocol Bitmap Format">WBMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebP" title="WebP">WebP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_container_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital container format">Containers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_elementary_stream" title="MPEG elementary stream">MPEG-ES</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Packetized_elementary_stream" title="Packetized elementary stream">MPEG-PES</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_program_stream" title="MPEG program stream">MPEG-PS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_transport_stream" title="MPEG transport stream">MPEG-TS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_base_media_file_format" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC base media file format">ISO/IEC base media file format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_14" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-4 Part 14">MPEG-4 Part 14</a> (MP4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG_2000" title="Motion JPEG 2000">Motion JPEG 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-21" title="MPEG-21">MPEG-21 Part 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_media_transport" title="MPEG media transport">MPEG media transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2#Systems" title="MPEG-2">H.222.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG_2000" title="Motion JPEG 2000">T.802</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Real-time_Transport_Protocol" title="Real-time Transport Protocol">RTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogg" title="Ogg">Ogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matroska" title="Matroska">Matroska</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Motion_Picture_and_Television_Engineers" title="Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers">SMPTE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Exchange_Format" title="General Exchange Format">GXF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Material_Exchange_Format" title="Material Exchange Format">MXF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3GP_and_3G2" title="3GP and 3G2">3GP and 3G2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMV_video_format" title="AMV video format">AMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Systems_Format" title="Advanced Systems Format">ASF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Interchange_File_Format" title="Audio Interchange File Format">AIFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Interleave" title="Audio Video Interleave">AVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Au_file_format" title="Au file format">AU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Better_Portable_Graphics" title="Better Portable Graphics">BPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bink_Video" title="Bink Video">Bink</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smacker_video" title="Smacker video">Smacker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMP_file_format" title="BMP file format">BMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DivX#DivX_Media_Format_(DMF)" title="DivX">DivX Media Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_VOB" title="Enhanced VOB">EVO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_Video" title="Flash Video">Flash Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Image_File_Format" title="High Efficiency Image File Format">HEIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interchange_File_Format" title="Interchange File Format">IFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.m2ts" title=".m2ts">M2TS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matroska" title="Matroska">Matroska</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WebM" title="WebM">WebM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_File_Format" title="QuickTime File Format">QuickTime File Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RatDVD" title="RatDVD">RatDVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealMedia" title="RealMedia">RealMedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Interchange_File_Format" title="Resource Interchange File Format">RIFF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WAV" title="WAV">WAV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOD_and_TOD" title="MOD and TOD">MOD and TOD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VOB" title="VOB">VOB, IFO and BUP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collaborations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NETVC" title="NETVC">NETVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_LA" title="MPEG LA">MPEG LA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Open_Media" title="Alliance for Open Media">Alliance for Open Media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">Methods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Entropy_encoding" class="mw-redirect" title="Entropy encoding">Entropy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arithmetic_coding" title="Arithmetic coding">Arithmetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huffman_coding" title="Huffman coding">Huffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modified_Huffman_coding" title="Modified Huffman coding">Modified</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_predictive_coding" title="Linear predictive coding">LPC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algebraic_code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Algebraic code-excited linear prediction">ACELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Code-excited linear prediction">CELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_spectral_pairs" title="Line spectral pairs">LSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warped_linear_predictive_coding" title="Warped linear predictive coding">WLPC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lossless_compression" title="Lossless compression">Lossless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lossy_compression" title="Lossy compression">Lossy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LZ77_and_LZ78" title="LZ77 and LZ78">LZ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DEFLATE" class="mw-redirect" title="DEFLATE">DEFLATE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lempel%E2%80%93Ziv%E2%80%93Welch" title="Lempel–Ziv–Welch">LZW</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulse-code_modulation" title="Pulse-code modulation">PCM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-law_algorithm" title="A-law algorithm">A-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C-law_algorithm" title="Μ-law algorithm">µ-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_differential_pulse-code_modulation" title="Adaptive differential pulse-code modulation">ADPCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Differential_pulse-code_modulation" title="Differential pulse-code modulation">DPCM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transform_coding" title="Transform coding">Transforms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrete_cosine_transform" title="Discrete cosine transform">DCT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_Fourier_transform" title="Fast Fourier transform">FFT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modified_discrete_cosine_transform" title="Modified discrete cosine transform">MDCT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wavelet" title="Wavelet">Wavelet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daubechies_wavelet" title="Daubechies wavelet">Daubechies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrete_wavelet_transform" title="Discrete wavelet transform">DWT</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_audio_coding_formats" title="Comparison of audio coding formats">Comparison of audio coding formats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_video_codecs" title="Comparison of video codecs">Comparison of video codecs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_codecs" title="List of codecs">List of codecs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See <a href="/wiki/Template:Compression_methods" title="Template:Compression methods">Compression methods</a> for techniques and <a href="/wiki/Template:Compression_software" title="Template:Compression software">Compression software</a> for codecs</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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