CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="yue" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>作業系統 - 維基百科，自由嘅百科全書</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zh_yuewikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat": "yue","wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"5a429d5c-cf56-4f7b-811f-338bac90f519","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"作業系統","wgTitle":"作業系統","wgCurRevisionId":2176993,"wgRevisionId":2176993,"wgArticleId":34811,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["有英文嘅文章","電算楔類","作業系統"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"yue","wgPageContentLanguage":"yue","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"作業系統","wgRelevantArticleId":34811,"wgTempUserName":null,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{ "pageLanguageCode":"yue","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"yue"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":4000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q9135","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.charinsert-styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready", "user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.HanTS-conv","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.internalLinkHelper-altcolor","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns", "ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=yue&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=yue&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=yue&modules=ext.gadget.charinsert-styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=yue&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Operating_system_architecture.svg/1200px-Operating_system_architecture.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="736"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Operating_system_architecture.svg/800px-Operating_system_architecture.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="491"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Operating_system_architecture.svg/640px-Operating_system_architecture.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="393"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="作業系統 - 維基百科，自由嘅百科全書"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh-yue.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="編輯" href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="維基百科 (yue)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh-yue"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="維基百科嘅Atom Feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-作業系統 rootpage-作業系統 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳去內容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站點"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主目錄" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主目錄</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主目錄</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">收埋</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 導覽 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E7%89%88" title="睇頭版[z]" accesskey="z"><span>頭版</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%9B%AE%E9%8C%84"><span>目錄</span></a></li><li id="n-featuredcontent" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%AD%A3%E5%98%A2"><span>正嘢</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%99%82%E4%BA%BA%E6%99%82%E4%BA%8B" title="提供而家發生嘅事嘅背景資料"><span>時人時事</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%98%AF%E4%BD%86%E4%B8%80%E7%89%88" title="是但載入一版[x]" accesskey="x"><span>是但一版</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%97%9C%E6%96%BC"><span>關於維基百科</span></a></li><li id="n-聯絡處" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%81%AF%E7%B5%A1%E6%88%91%E5%93%8B"><span>聯絡處</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 交流 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-說明書" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents"><span>說明書</span></a></li><li id="n-城市論壇" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%AB%96%E5%A3%87"><span>城市論壇</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E5%8D%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%A0%82" title="關於呢個計劃，你可以做乜，應該要點做"><span>社區大堂</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9" title="列出呢個 wiki 中嘅最近修改[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近修改</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E7%89%88" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="維基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh_yue.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.625em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh_yue.svg" width="120" height="16" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搵維基百科[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>查嘢</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搵維基百科" aria-label="搵維基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搵維基百科[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搵嘢</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="個人架生"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="閱讀設定"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="閱讀設定" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">閱讀設定</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_zh-yue.wikipedia.org&uselang=yue" class=""><span>捐畀維基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E9%96%8B%E6%88%B6&returnto=%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="建議你開返個戶口簽到，不過唔做都無所謂。" class=""><span>開戶口</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%B0%BD%E5%88%B0&returnto=%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="唔係是必要簽到，但建議你噉做。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>簽到</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="多啲選項" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="個人架生" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">個人架生</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用戶選單" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_zh-yue.wikipedia.org&uselang=yue"><span>捐畀維基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E9%96%8B%E6%88%B6&returnto=%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="建議你開返個戶口簽到，不過唔做都無所謂。"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>開戶口</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%B0%BD%E5%88%B0&returnto=%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="唔係是必要簽到，但建議你噉做。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>簽到</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站點"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目錄" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目錄</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">收埋</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">文頭</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-概念" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#概念"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>概念</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-概念-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目錄" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="開/收內容一覽" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">開/收內容一覽</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">作業系統</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="去睇另一種語文嘅文章。有151種語言版本。" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-151" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">151種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS" title="OS – 亞齊文" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="OS" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="亞齊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedryfstelsel_(inligtingstegnologie)" title="Bedryfstelsel (inligtingstegnologie) – 南非荷蘭文" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bedryfstelsel (inligtingstegnologie)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betriebssystem" title="Betriebssystem – 德文（瑞士）" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Betriebssystem" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="德文（瑞士）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%B2%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B0%E1%88%9D_%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%B0%E1%88%AA" title="የሲስተም አሰሪ – 阿姆哈拉文" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የሲስተም አሰሪ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_operativo" title="Sistema operativo – 阿拉貢文" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sistema operativo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉貢文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weorcendebyrdness" title="Weorcendebyrdness – 古英文" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Weorcendebyrdness" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%84" title="نظام تشغيل – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظام تشغيل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%84" title="نظام تشغيل – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نظام تشغيل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_operativu" title="Sistema operativu – 阿斯圖里亞文" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sistema operativu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯圖里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fm%C9%99liyyat_sistemi" title="Əməliyyat sistemi – 亞塞拜然文" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əməliyyat sistemi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="亞塞拜然文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C" title="ایشلدیم سیستمی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایشلدیم سیستمی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Операцион система – 巴什客爾文" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Операцион система" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什客爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uoperac%C4%97n%C4%97_s%C4%97stema" title="Uoperacėnė sėstema – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Uoperacėnė sėstema" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Аперацыйная сістэма – 白俄羅斯文" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аперацыйная сістэма" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄羅斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Апэрацыйная сыстэма – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Апэрацыйная сыстэма" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Операционна система – 保加利亞文" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Операционна система" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AE" title="ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE" title="অপারেটিং সিস্টেম – 孟加拉文" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অপারেটিং সিস্টেম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reizhiad_korvoi%C3%B1" title="Reizhiad korvoiñ – 布列塔尼文" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Reizhiad korvoiñ" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operativni_sistem" title="Operativni sistem – 波士尼亞文" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Operativni sistem" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波士尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8D" title="Үйлэдэлэй системэ – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Үйлэдэлэй системэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_operatiu" title="Sistema operatiu – 加泰羅尼亞文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sistema operatiu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰羅尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C5%8F%CC%A4-c%C3%A1uk_hi%C3%AA-t%C5%ABng" title="Chŏ̤-cáuk hiê-tūng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Chŏ̤-cáuk hiê-tūng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Операционни система – 車臣文" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Операционни система" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="車臣文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AE%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="سیستمی بەکارخەری – 索拉尼庫爾德文" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سیستمی بەکارخەری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="索拉尼庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_syst%C3%A9m" title="Operační systém – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Operační systém" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92peracjow%C3%B4_systema" title="Òperacjowô systema – 卡舒布文" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Òperacjowô systema" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="卡舒布文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Операци системи – 楚瓦什文" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Операци системи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_weithredu" title="System weithredu – 威爾斯文" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="System weithredu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威爾斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styresystem" title="Styresystem – 丹麥文" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Styresystem" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麥文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betriebssystem" title="Betriebssystem – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Betriebssystem" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemo_operatif" title="Sistemo operatif – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Sistemo operatif" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%83%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Λειτουργικό σύστημα – 希臘文" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λειτουργικό σύστημα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistamma_operat%C3%AEv" title="Sistamma operatîv – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Sistamma operatîv" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Operating system" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operaciumo" title="Operaciumo – 世界文" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Operaciumo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_operativo" title="Sistema operativo – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sistema operativo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operatsioonis%C3%BCsteem" title="Operatsioonisüsteem – 愛沙尼亞文" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Operatsioonisüsteem" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="愛沙尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_eragile" title="Sistema eragile – 巴斯克文" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sistema eragile" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84" title="سیستم‌عامل – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیستم‌عامل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4ytt%C3%B6j%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4" title="Käyttöjärjestelmä – 芬蘭文" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Käyttöjärjestelmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Op%C3%B5rats%27oonis%C3%BCstem" title="Opõrats'oonisüstem – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Opõrats'oonisüstem" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_d%27exploitation" title="Système d'exploitation – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Système d'exploitation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedriifs%C3%BCsteem" title="Bedriifsüsteem – 北弗里西亞文" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Bedriifsüsteem" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisteme_operat%C3%AEf" title="Sisteme operatîf – 弗留利文" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Sisteme operatîf" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3ras_oibri%C3%BAch%C3%A1in" title="Córas oibriúcháin – 愛爾蘭文" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Córas oibriúcháin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="愛爾蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_operativo" title="Sistema operativo – 加里西亞文" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sistema operativo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apopyvusu_oku%27%C3%A9va" title="Apopyvusu oku'éva – 瓜拉尼文" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Apopyvusu oku'éva" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chok-ngia%CC%8Dp_h%C3%AC-th%C3%BAng" title="Chok-ngia̍p hì-thúng – 客家話" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chok-ngia̍p hì-thúng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家話" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%94" title="מערכת הפעלה – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מערכת הפעלה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="प्रचालन तन्त्र – 北印度文" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रचालन तन्त्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="北印度文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Operating system" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operacijski_sustav" title="Operacijski sustav – 克羅埃西亞文" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Operacijski sustav" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BA%C4%9B%C5%82owy_system" title="Dźěłowy system – 上索布文" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Dźěłowy system" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oper%C3%A1ci%C3%B3s_rendszer" title="Operációs rendszer – 匈牙利文" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Operációs rendszer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%BA%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Օպերացիոն համակարգ – 亞美尼亞文" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օպերացիոն համակարգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亞美尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systema_de_operation" title="Systema de operation – 國際文" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Systema de operation" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="國際文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_operasi" title="Sistem operasi – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sistem operasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operativ_systema" title="Operativ systema – 國際文（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Operativ systema" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="國際文（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_ti_panangpaandar" title="Sistema ti panangpaandar – 伊洛闊文" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Sistema ti panangpaandar" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛闊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funcionanta_sistemo" title="Funcionanta sistemo – 伊多文" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Funcionanta sistemo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%BDrikerfi" title="Stýrikerfi – 冰島文" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stýrikerfi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_operativo" title="Sistema operativo – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sistema operativo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%9A%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%A0" title="オペレーティングシステム – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オペレーティングシステム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_operasi_komputer" title="Sistem operasi komputer – 爪哇文" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sistem operasi komputer" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="ოპერაციული სისტემა – 喬治亞文" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოპერაციული სისტემა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="喬治亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operatsion_sistema" title="Operatsion sistema – 卡拉卡爾帕克文" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Operatsion sistema" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡爾帕克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anagraw_n_wammud" title="Anagraw n wammud – 卡比爾文" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Anagraw n wammud" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡比爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Операциялық жүйелер – 哈薩克文" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Операциялық жүйелер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈薩克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%A3_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%A8" title="ಕಾರ್ಯನಿರ್ವಹಣ ಸಾಧನ – 坎那達文" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಾರ್ಯನಿರ್ವಹಣ ಸಾಧನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="坎那達文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%B4%EC%98%81%EC%B2%B4%EC%A0%9C" title="운영체제 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="운영체제" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%90%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B3%D9%90%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%8E%D9%85" title="آپریٹِنگ سِسٹَم – 喀什米爾文" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="آپریٹِنگ سِسٹَم" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="喀什米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedriefsystem" title="Bedriefsystem – 科隆文" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Bedriefsystem" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="科隆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pergala_xebitandin%C3%AA" title="Pergala xebitandinê – 庫爾德文" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pergala xebitandinê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D3%A7%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Операционнӧй система – 科米文" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Операционнӧй система" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Операциялык тутум – 吉爾吉斯文" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Операциялык тутум" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="吉爾吉斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systema_internum" title="Systema internum – 拉丁文" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Systema internum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betribssystem" title="Betribssystem – 盧森堡文" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Betribssystem" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="盧森堡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_de_opera" title="Sistem de opera – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sistem de opera" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scistema_%C3%B2perativo" title="Scistema òperativo – 利古里亞文" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Scistema òperativo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_operativ" title="Sistema operativ – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Sistema operativ" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lit%C3%A1mbwisi-mokonzi" title="Litámbwisi-mokonzi – 林加拉文" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Litámbwisi-mokonzi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99" title="ລະບົບປະຕິບັດການ – 寮文" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ລະບົບປະຕິບັດການ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="寮文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operacin%C4%97_sistema" title="Operacinė sistema – 立陶宛文" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Operacinė sistema" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oper%C4%93t%C4%81jsist%C4%93ma" title="Operētājsistēma – 拉脫維亞文" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Operētājsistēma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脫維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpandrindra_milina" title="Mpandrindra milina – 馬拉加什文" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Mpandrindra milina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="馬拉加什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Операционло системе – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Операционло системе" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_operasi" title="Sistem operasi – 米南卡堡文" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Sistem operasi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南卡堡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Оперативен систем – 馬其頓文" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Оперативен систем" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="馬其頓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%82" title="ഓപ്പറേറ്റിങ്‌ സിസ്റ്റം – 馬來亞拉姆文" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഓപ്പറേറ്റിങ്‌ സിസ്റ്റം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="馬來亞拉姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Үйлдлийн систем – 蒙古文" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Үйлдлийн систем" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="संचालन प्रणाली – 馬拉地文" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="संचालन प्रणाली" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="馬拉地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_pengendalian" title="Sistem pengendalian – 馬來文" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sistem pengendalian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="馬來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_ouperatibo" title="Sistema ouperatibo – 米蘭德斯文" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Sistema ouperatibo" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米蘭德斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%85%E1%80%94%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="ကွန်ပျူတာ စက်လည်ပတ်ရေး စနစ် – 緬甸文" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကွန်ပျူတာ စက်လည်ပတ်ရေး စနစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="緬甸文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedriefssystem" title="Bedriefssystem – 低地德文" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Bedriefssystem" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AE" title="अपरेटिङ सिस्टम – 尼瓦爾文" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अपरेटिङ सिस्टम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Besturingssysteem" title="Besturingssysteem – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Besturingssysteem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operativsystem" title="Operativsystem – 耐諾斯克挪威文" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Operativsystem" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="耐諾斯克挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="好文"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operativsystem" title="Operativsystem – 巴克摩挪威文" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Operativsystem" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="巴克摩挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sist%C3%A8ma_operatiu" title="Sistèma operatiu – 奧克西坦文" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sistèma operatiu" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奧克西坦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%99%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%97_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B7%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%AE" title="ଅପରେଟିଙ୍ଗ ସିଷ୍ଟମ – 歐利亞文" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଅପରେଟିଙ୍ଗ ସିଷ୍ଟମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="歐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%AE" title="ਆਪਰੇਟਿੰਗ ਸਿਸਟਮ – 旁遮普文" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਪਰੇਟਿੰਗ ਸਿਸਟਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betriebssystem" title="Betriebssystem – 普法爾茨德文" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Betriebssystem" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="普法爾茨德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_operacyjny" title="System operacyjny – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="System operacyjny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B3%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%85" title="اوپریٹنگ سسٹم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اوپریٹنگ سسٹم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_operativo" title="Sistema operativo – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sistema operativo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llamk%27achiy_llikacha" title="Llamk'achiy llikacha – 蓋楚瓦文" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Llamk'achiy llikacha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="蓋楚瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_de_operare" title="Sistem de operare – 羅馬尼亞文" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sistem de operare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Операционная система – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Операционная система" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Операчна сістема – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Операчна сістема" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%8B%D1%80_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Операциялыыр система – 雅庫特文" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Операциялыыр система" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="雅庫特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="正文"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_operativu" title="Sistema operativu – 撒丁文" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Sistema operativu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="撒丁文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operatin_seestem" title="Operatin seestem – 蘇格蘭文" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Operatin seestem" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="蘇格蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operatiivavuog%C3%A1dat" title="Operatiivavuogádat – 北方薩米文" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Operatiivavuogádat" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方薩米文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operativni_sistem" title="Operativni sistem – 塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Operativni sistem" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%81%A2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88_%E1%81%B6%E1%80%BD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%90%E1%82%83%E1%82%87" title="ပိူင်သၢင်ႈ ၶွမ်းပျူတႃႇ – 撣文" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ပိူင်သၢင်ႈ ၶွမ်းပျူတႃႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="撣文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%99%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92" title="පරිගණක මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධති – 僧伽羅文" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පරිගණක මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධති" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Operating system" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera%C4%8Dn%C3%BD_syst%C3%A9m" title="Operačný systém – 斯洛伐克文" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Operačný systém" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B3%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%85" title="آپریٹنگ سسٹم – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="آپریٹنگ سسٹم" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operacijski_sistem" title="Operacijski sistem – 斯洛維尼亞文" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Operacijski sistem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛維尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system – 索馬利文" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Operating system" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索馬利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemi_operativ" title="Sistemi operativ – 阿爾巴尼亞文" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sistemi operativ" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿爾巴尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Оперативни систем – 塞爾維亞文" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Оперативни систем" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistim_Operasi" title="Sistim Operasi – 巽他文" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sistim Operasi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operativsystem" title="Operativsystem – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Operativsystem" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mfumo_wa_uendeshaji" title="Mfumo wa uendeshaji – 史瓦希里文" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mfumo wa uendeshaji" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="史瓦希里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uoperacyjno_systyma" title="Uoperacyjno systyma – 西利西亞文" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Uoperacyjno systyma" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西利西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இயக்கு தளம் – 坦米爾文" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இயக்கு தளம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="坦米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D" title="ఆపరేటింగ్ సిస్టమ్ – 泰盧固文" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆపరేటింగ్ సిస్టమ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰盧固文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Системомил – 塔吉克文" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Системомил" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3" title="ระบบปฏิบัติการ – 泰文" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ระบบปฏิบัติการ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system – 塔加路族文" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Operating system" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="塔加路族文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0%C5%9Fletim_sistemi" title="İşletim sistemi – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İşletim sistemi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Операцион система – 韃靼文" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Операцион система" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="韃靼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%D8%B4%D8%BA%DB%87%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%90%D9%85%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89" title="مەشغۇلات سىستېمىسى – 維吾爾文" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مەشغۇلات سىستېمىسى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="維吾爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Операційна система – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Операційна система" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B3%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%85" title="آپریٹنگ سسٹم – 烏都文" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آپریٹنگ سسٹم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="烏都文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishlatuv_tizimi" title="Ishlatuv tizimi – 烏茲別克文" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ishlatuv tizimi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="烏茲別克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_oparadivo" title="Sistema oparadivo – 威尼斯文" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sistema oparadivo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_%C4%91i%E1%BB%81u_h%C3%A0nh" title="Hệ điều hành – 越南文" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hệ điều hành" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistinme_d%27_operance" title="Sistinme d' operance – 瓦隆文" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Sistinme d' operance" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_operatiba" title="Sistema operatiba – 瓦瑞文" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sistema operatiba" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nosteg_doxiin" title="Nosteg doxiin – 沃洛夫文" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Nosteg doxiin" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="沃洛夫文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="操作系统 – 吳語" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="操作系统" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吳語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="ოპერაციული სისტემა – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ოპერაციული სისტემა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%9F_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%9D" title="אפערירן סיסטעם – 意第緒文" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אפערירן סיסטעם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第緒文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_System" title="Operating System – 約魯巴文" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Operating System" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="約魯巴文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="操作系统 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="操作系统" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chok-gia%CC%8Dp_h%C4%93-th%C3%B3ng" title="Chok-gia̍p hē-thóng – 閩南語" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chok-gia̍p hē-thóng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="閩南語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9135#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="改跨語言拎" class="wbc-editpage">改拎</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="空間名"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="睇吓內容頁[c]" accesskey="c"><span>文章</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="關於內容頁嘅討論 (無呢版)[t]" accesskey="t"><span>討論</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="改語言變體" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">粵語</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="外觀"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&action=history" title="呢一頁之前嘅修訂[h]" accesskey="h"><span>睇返紀錄</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="架撐" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">架撐</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">架撐</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">收埋</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="多啲選項" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 動作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&action=history"><span>睇返紀錄</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 基本 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%82%8A%E5%BA%A6%E9%8F%88%E5%8E%BB%E5%91%A2%E7%89%88/%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="列出所有連接過嚟呢度嘅頁面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>有乜連過嚟</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%A4%96%E9%8F%88%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9/%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" rel="nofollow" title="由呢版連出去嘅版嘅最近修改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>連結頁嘅更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E8%BC%89" title="上載檔案[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上載檔案</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%B0%88%E9%96%80%E7%89%88" title="所有專門版一覽[q]" accesskey="q"><span>專門版</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&oldid=2176993" title="呢版呢個修訂嘅永久網址"><span>固定連結</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&action=info" title="多啲同呢版有拏褦嘅資料"><span>此版明細</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8&page=%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&id=2176993&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="點樣引用呢頁嘅資訊"><span>引用呢篇文</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E4%25BD%259C%25E6%25A5%25AD%25E7%25B3%25BB%25E7%25B5%25B1"><span>攞短網址</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E4%25BD%259C%25E6%25A5%25AD%25E7%25B3%25BB%25E7%25B5%25B1"><span>下載QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/匯出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&action=show-download-screen"><span>下載PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="呢一版印得嘅版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>印得嘅版本</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 第啲維基項目 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Operating_systems" hreflang="en"><span>維基同享</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9135" title="連到接住資料儲存庫嘅項目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>維基數據項</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="閱讀設定"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">閱讀設定</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">收埋</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="yue" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Operating_system_architecture.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Operating_system_architecture.svg/300px-Operating_system_architecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Operating_system_architecture.svg/450px-Operating_system_architecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Operating_system_architecture.svg/600px-Operating_system_architecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>作業系統架構圖</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ubuntu_9.04_Jaunty_Jackalope.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ubuntu_9.04_Jaunty_Jackalope.png/300px-Ubuntu_9.04_Jaunty_Jackalope.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ubuntu_9.04_Jaunty_Jackalope.png/450px-Ubuntu_9.04_Jaunty_Jackalope.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ubuntu_9.04_Jaunty_Jackalope.png/600px-Ubuntu_9.04_Jaunty_Jackalope.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a>，<a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>發行版</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Debian_7.3_(wheezy)_amd64_with_GNOME_3.4.2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Debian_7.3_%28wheezy%29_amd64_with_GNOME_3.4.2.png/300px-Debian_7.3_%28wheezy%29_amd64_with_GNOME_3.4.2.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Debian_7.3_%28wheezy%29_amd64_with_GNOME_3.4.2.png/450px-Debian_7.3_%28wheezy%29_amd64_with_GNOME_3.4.2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Debian_7.3_%28wheezy%29_amd64_with_GNOME_3.4.2.png/600px-Debian_7.3_%28wheezy%29_amd64_with_GNOME_3.4.2.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>screenshot of <a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a> 7.3 (wheezy) <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">amd64</a> with <a href="/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME">GNOME</a> 3.4.2</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Debian_7.3_(wheezy)_amd64_with_GNOME_3.4.2_with_theme_Clearlooks.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Debian_7.3_%28wheezy%29_amd64_with_GNOME_3.4.2_with_theme_Clearlooks.png/300px-Debian_7.3_%28wheezy%29_amd64_with_GNOME_3.4.2_with_theme_Clearlooks.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Debian_7.3_%28wheezy%29_amd64_with_GNOME_3.4.2_with_theme_Clearlooks.png/450px-Debian_7.3_%28wheezy%29_amd64_with_GNOME_3.4.2_with_theme_Clearlooks.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Debian_7.3_%28wheezy%29_amd64_with_GNOME_3.4.2_with_theme_Clearlooks.png/600px-Debian_7.3_%28wheezy%29_amd64_with_GNOME_3.4.2_with_theme_Clearlooks.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>screenshot of <a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a> 7.3 (wheezy) <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">amd64</a> with <a href="/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME">GNOME</a> 3.4.2 with theme <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clearlooks" class="extiw" title="en:Clearlooks">Clearlooks-Phenix</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LibreOffice_on_Debian_GNU_Linux.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/LibreOffice_on_Debian_GNU_Linux.png/300px-LibreOffice_on_Debian_GNU_Linux.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/LibreOffice_on_Debian_GNU_Linux.png/450px-LibreOffice_on_Debian_GNU_Linux.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/LibreOffice_on_Debian_GNU_Linux.png/600px-LibreOffice_on_Debian_GNU_Linux.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>開放源代碼嘅辦公軟件<a href="/wiki/LibreOffice" title="LibreOffice">LibreOffice</a> 3.5.4.2運行喺<a href="/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME">GNOME</a> 3.4.2桌面環境同埋<a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a> 7.3 (wheezy) <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">amd64</a>同埋<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clearlooks" class="extiw" title="en:Clearlooks">Clearlooks-Phenix</a>佈景主題上邊</figcaption></figure> <p><b>作業系統</b>（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B2%B5%E6%96%87%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="Wikipedia:粵文拼音">粵音</a>：zok3 jip6 hai6 tung2；<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87" title="英文">英文</a>：<span lang="en">operating system</span>，簡稱 <span lang="en" title="英文文字">OS</span>），喺大陸叫做<b>操作系統</b>，係一個管理<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6" title="電腦">電腦</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="硬件">硬件</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="軟件">軟件</a>資源嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F" title="電腦程式">電腦程式</a>，同時亦都係電腦系統嘅核心同基石。較出名嘅電腦作業系統有<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E8%BB%9F" title="微軟">微軟</a>嘅<a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%8B%E6%9E%9C%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="蘋果公司">蘋果</a>嘅<a href="/wiki/Mac_OS" title="Mac OS">Mac OS</a>同埋<a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="概念"><span id=".E6.A6.82.E5.BF.B5"></span>概念</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯小節: 概念"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">睇埋：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E6%9E%B6%E6%A7%8B" title="電腦架構">電腦架構</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E6%A0%B8" title="內核">內核</a>（kernel）：位於一個作業系統嘅「核心」嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F" title="電腦程式">電腦程式</a>，負責控制個系統嘅唔同部份；喺多數嘅作業系統嗰度，內核係<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%B7%E5%8B%95%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F" title="起動程式">部機著</a>嗰陣其中一個最先撈嘅程式，跟手會幫手做第啲開機要做嘅工作<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E4%BB%B6%E6%8A%BD%E8%B1%A1%E5%B1%A4" title="硬件抽象層">硬件抽象層</a>（hardware abstraction layer，HAL）：一浸硬件抽象層係個作業系統入面嘅一柞程式，會負責將啲<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A1%AC%E4%BB%B6" title="電腦硬件">硬件</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%BD%E8%B1%A1%E5%8C%96" title="抽象化">抽象化</a>噉表示出嚟，目的係俾作業系統有得同部電腦嘅硬件負動；硬件抽象層可以由內核嗰度接收指令<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E4%BB%8B%E9%9D%A2" title="應用程式介面">應用程式介面</a>（application programming interface，API）：一種俾兩個或者以上<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F" title="電腦程式">電腦程式</a>彼此之間通訊嘅軟件；例如喺一部<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%8B%E4%BA%BA%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6" title="個人電腦">個人電腦</a>上面行一隻<a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F" title="應用程式">應用程式</a>嘅話，隻程式就需要同部機嘅作業系統交流，而部機嗰啲應用程式介面就會幫手做呢樣工作<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DirectX" title="DirectX">DirectX</a>：係一系列用嚟教部電腦處理啲<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94" title="多媒體">多媒體</a>嘢嘅 API，對<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2" title="電子遊戲">電子遊戲</a>嚟講零舍重要；用<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="電子遊戲程式">電子遊戲程式</a>做例子，DirectX 會負責扮演部電腦（包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%8B%E4%BA%BA%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6" title="個人電腦">個人電腦</a>同好似 <a href="/wiki/Xbox" title="Xbox">Xbox</a> 噉嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E6%A9%9F" title="遊戲機">遊戲機</a>）同遊戲程式之間條橋樑，每隻版本嘅 DirectX 都會有一套特定嘅多媒體功能係佢支援嘅，並且指定咗話呢啲功能可以由電腦程式指揮部機啲硬件（假設呢啲硬件同嗰隻版本嘅 DirectX 相容）做。DirectX 令到<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="電子遊戲開發">電子遊戲開發</a>等嘅工作易搞咗好多－喺初頭嗰陣，電腦係會俾隻遊戲程式直接同硬件通訊嘅，但噉做搞到啲<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E8%80%85" title="遊戲開發者">遊戲開發者</a>焗住吓吓都要每款機都同佢寫一柞碼做呢種通訊，於是微軟就開發咗 DirectX 呢隻 API，遊戲開發者變成淨係需要諗「自己整嗰隻遊戲寫嚟同邊隻版本嘅 DirectX 相容」就得<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="檔案系統">檔案系統</a>（file system）：作業系統當中用嚟控制「數據點樣儲起同提取」嗰部份；檔案系統做嘅主要係將一部電腦入面啲數據斬件分好，而且每一件數據（一個<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88" title="電腦檔案">電腦檔案</a>；file）都同佢改返個名，等用家能夠輕鬆噉睇得出邊件數據打邊件；冇咗檔案系統嘅話，部電腦入面嗰啲數據只會係一大嚿雜亂無章嘅數據，冇方法俾用家知道邊一段係屬邊件數據，更加唔會做到正確噉儲起同提取數據<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯小節: 參考資料"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2020813">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Randal E. Bryant; David R. O’Hallaron (2016). <i>Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective</i> (Third ed.). Pearson. p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Schoeberl, M., Korsholm, S., Kalibera, T., & Ravn, A. P. (2011). A hardware abstraction layer in Java. <i>ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)</i>, 10(4), 1-40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Reddy, Marathi (2011). <i>API Design for C++</i>. Elsevier Science.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Luna, F. (2012). <i>Introduction to 3D game programming with DirectX 11</i>. Stylus Publishing, LLC.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Arpaci-Dusseau, Remzi H.; Arpaci-Dusseau, Andrea C. (2014), <i>File System Implementation</i>, Arpaci-Dusseau Books.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="電腦科學" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Template:電腦科學"><abbr title="去睇呢個模" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">睇</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:電腦科學 (無呢版)"><abbr title="傾呢個模" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">傾</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&action=edit"><abbr title="編輯呢個模" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">改</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="電腦科學" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="電腦科學">電腦科學</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="研究運算嘅科學工程領域">研究<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97" title="運算">運算</a>嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="科學">科學</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="工程">工程</a>領域</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">重要概念</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97" title="運算">運算</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/I/O" title="I/O">I/O</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6" title="電腦">電腦</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97%E9%82%8F%E8%BC%AF" title="運算邏輯">運算邏輯</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E8%AB%96" title="數論">數論</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E9%80%B2%E5%88%B6" title="二進制">二進制</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8%E9%82%8F%E8%BC%AF" title="數學邏輯">數學邏輯</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A2%E6%95%A3%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8" title="離散數學">離散數學</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E8%AB%96" title="圖論">圖論</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%BD%E8%B1%A1%E5%8C%96_(%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8)" title="抽象化 (電腦科學)">抽象化</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E8%A9%9E%E5%BD%99%E8%A1%A8" title="電腦科學詞彙表">電腦科學詞彙表</a></div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Binario_cropped.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Binario_cropped.png/150px-Binario_cropped.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Binario_cropped.png/225px-Binario_cropped.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Binario_cropped.png 2x" data-file-width="254" data-file-height="218" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="理論電腦科學">電腦理論</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="運算理論" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="運算理論">運算理論</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E6%A9%9F%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="自動機理論">自動機理論</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97%E5%BA%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="可運算度理論">可運算度理論</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97%E8%A4%87%E9%9B%9C%E5%BA%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="運算複雜度理論">運算複雜度理論</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E9%9D%88%E6%A9%9F" title="圖靈機">圖靈機</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97" title="量子運算">量子運算</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="資訊理論">資訊理論</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A" title="資訊">資訊</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%8A%E8%99%9F" title="訊號">訊號</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%86%B5" title="資訊熵">資訊熵</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%A8%E7%A2%BC%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="編碼理論">編碼理論</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B" title="資料類型">資料類型‎</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E6%93%9A%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B" title="數據結構">數據結構</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90" title="系統資源">系統資源</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95" title="演算法">演算法</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="演算法分析">分析</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95" title="形式化方法">形式化方法</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">電腦系統</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E6%9E%B6%E6%A7%8B" title="電腦架構">電腦架構</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%8F%E8%BC%AF%E9%96%80" title="邏輯門">邏輯門</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E9%9B%86%E6%9E%B6%E6%A7%8B" title="指令集架構">指令集架構</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E6%9E%B6%E6%A7%8B" title="微架構">微架構</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%83%E8%99%95%E7%90%86" title="多元處理">多元處理</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">作業系統</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A6%E8%A1%8C%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97" title="並行運算">並行</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%8C%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97" title="平行運算">平行</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%95%A3%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97" title="分散運算">分散</a>運算<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD" title="電腦性能">性能</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%B4%9A%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6" title="超級電腦">超級電腦</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">電腦通訊</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1" title="電腦網絡">電腦網絡</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1%E5%82%B3%E8%BC%B8%E5%8D%94%E8%AD%B0" title="網絡傳輸協議">網絡傳輸協議</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1%E6%8B%93%E6%A8%B8" title="網絡拓樸">網絡拓樸</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E6%93%9A%E5%82%B3%E8%BC%B8" title="數據傳輸">數據傳輸</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%AF%E7%B6%B2" title="互聯網">互聯網</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E9%A0%81%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="網頁設計">網頁設計</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%89" title="電腦保安">電腦保安</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%89" title="網絡保安">網絡保安</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E" title="漏洞">漏洞</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%90%8C%E6%9A%B4%E9%9C%B2" title="公共漏洞同暴露">公共漏洞同暴露</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1%E6%94%BB%E6%93%8A" title="網絡攻擊">網絡攻擊</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="電腦病毒">電腦病毒</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E7%A2%BC%E5%AD%B8" title="密碼學">密碼學</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E7%B7%A8%E5%AF%AB" title="電腦程式編寫">程式編寫</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="程式語言">程式語言</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="程式語言理論">程式語言理論</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E7%B4%9A%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="低級程式語言">低級</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%B4%9A%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="高級程式語言">高級</a>程式語言<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B" title="控制流程">控制流程</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E5%9F%B7%E8%A1%8C" title="程式執行">程式執行</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%A8%E8%AD%AF%E5%99%A8" title="編譯器">編譯器</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E7%B7%A8%E5%AF%AB%E7%AF%84%E5%BC%8F" title="程式編寫範式">程式編寫範式</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">電腦應用</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E7%A2%BC%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="數碼藝術">數碼藝術</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E5%9C%96%E5%83%8F" title="電腦圖像">電腦圖像</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E7%B6%AD%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E5%9C%96%E5%83%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="二維電腦圖像">2D</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%B6%AD%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E5%9C%96%E5%83%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="三維電腦圖像">3D</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E5%8B%95%E7%95%AB" title="電腦動畫">電腦動畫</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E5%8F%AF%E8%A6%96%E5%8C%96" title="資訊可視化">資訊可視化</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E6%93%AC%E5%AF%A6%E5%A2%83" title="虛擬實境">VR</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%93%B4%E5%BC%B5%E5%AF%A6%E5%A2%83" title="擴張實境">AR</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E5%9C%96%E5%83%8F%E5%AD%B8" title="電腦圖像學">電腦圖像學</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" title="電腦音樂">電腦音樂</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="軟件工程">軟件工程</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6" title="電腦軟件">電腦軟件</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC" title="軟件開發">軟件開發</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E9%9C%80%E6%B1%82" title="軟件需求">軟件需求</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6%E9%A0%85%E7%9B%AE%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="軟件項目管理">軟件項目管理</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E8%A3%BD%E4%BD%9C" title="電子遊戲製作">電子遊戲製作</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%A9%9F%E4%BA%92%E5%8B%95" title="人機互動">HCI</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%A8%E5%AE%B6" title="用家">用家</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%98%93%E7%94%A8%E5%BA%A6" title="易用度">易用度</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%A8%E5%AE%B6%E4%BB%8B%E9%9D%A2" title="用家介面">用家介面</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%A8%E5%AE%B6%E4%BB%8B%E9%9D%A2%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="用家介面設計">設計</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E5%83%8F%E7%94%A8%E5%AE%B6%E4%BB%8B%E9%9D%A2" title="圖像用家介面">圖像</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%A1%8C%E4%BB%8B%E9%9D%A2" title="命令行介面">命令行</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%85%A6%E6%A9%9F%E4%BB%8B%E9%9D%A2" title="腦機介面">腦機</a>）</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">其他應用</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="資訊系統">資訊系統</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E6%93%9A%E5%BA%AB" title="數據庫">數據庫</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97" title="科學運算">科學運算</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E6%A8%A1%E6%93%AC" title="電腦模擬">電腦模擬</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97%E6%95%B8%E8%AB%96" title="運算數論">運算數論</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E4%BB%A3%E6%95%B8" title="電腦代數">電腦代數</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD" title="人工智能">AI</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="人工智能哲學">AI 哲學</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98%E8%A1%A8%E7%A4%BA" title="知識表示">知識表示</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83" title="自動計劃">自動計劃</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%A6%96%E8%A6%BA" title="電腦視覺">電腦視覺</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E8%99%95%E7%90%86" title="自然語言處理">NLP</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" title="機械學習">機械學習</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1" title="人工神經網絡">ANN</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A3%E7%9D%A3%E5%BC%8F%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" title="監督式學習">監督式學習</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%9B%A3%E7%9D%A3%E5%BC%8F%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" title="非監督式學習">非監督式學習</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" title="強化學習">強化學習</a>）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關領域</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="_工程學" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">　<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="工程學">工程學</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="電子工程">電子工程</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A8%8A" title="電訊">電訊</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="電腦工程">電腦工程</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="資訊科技">資訊科技</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E4%BA%BA%E5%AD%B8" title="機械人學">機械人學</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E9%9B%BB%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="機電工程">機電工程</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%8F%E8%BC%AF%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="邏輯學">邏輯學</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8" title="數學">數學</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E5%AD%B8" title="統計學">統計學</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%BC%88%E8%AB%96" title="博弈論">博弈論</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E7%9F%A5%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="認知科學">認知科學</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E6%8E%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="模控學">模控學</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="資訊科學">資訊科學</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="系統科學">系統科學</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Category:電腦科學">電腦科學類</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="notice metadata" id="stub" style="font-size: small;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Computer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Computer.svg/30px-Computer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Computer.svg/45px-Computer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Computer.svg/60px-Computer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> <b>作業系統</b>係<a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%9B%BB%E7%AE%97%E6%A5%94%E9%A1%9E" title="Category:電算楔類">電算</a><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A5%94%E4%BD%8D%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0" title="Wikipedia:楔位文章">楔位文</a>，你可以<span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&action=edit">編輯佢</a></span>充實內容。</div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">由「<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=作業系統&oldid=2176993">https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=作業系統&oldid=2176993</a>」收</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E" title="Special:分類">屬於2類</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%9B%BB%E7%AE%97%E6%A5%94%E9%A1%9E" title="Category:電算楔類">電算楔類</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="Category:作業系統">作業系統</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">屬於1隱類：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%9C%89%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E5%98%85%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0" title="Category:有英文嘅文章">有英文嘅文章</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 呢版上次改係2024年9月6號 (禮拜五) 12:16 嘅事。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">呢度嘅所有文字係根據<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 牌照 4.0</a>嘅條款發佈；可能會有附加嘅條款。利用呢個網站，你同意<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">利用條款</a>同埋<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">私隱政策</a>。Wikipedia® 係<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a> 嘅註冊商標，一個非牟利機構。</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">私隱政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%97%9C%E6%96%BC">關於維基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E5%85%8D%E8%B2%AC%E8%81%B2%E6%98%8E">免責聲明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行為準則</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">開發人員</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh-yue.wikipedia.org">統計</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie聲明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh-yue.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手提版</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-m5gcf","wgBackendResponseTime":174,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.300","walltime":"0.364","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2245,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":77482,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":5638,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":2988,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 287.257 1 -total"," 60.63% 174.165 1 Template:Lang-en"," 27.73% 79.654 6 Template:Navbox"," 18.37% 52.776 1 Template:電腦科學"," 11.72% 33.662 5 Template:Navbox_subgroup"," 8.70% 24.984 1 Template:Reflist"," 4.77% 13.706 1 Template:See_also"," 1.94% 5.562 1 Template:Lang"," 1.92% 5.512 1 Template:Jyutping"," 1.69% 4.851 78 Template:.w"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.157","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":16229120,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-849f99967d-sqdnt","timestamp":"20241124045251","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u4f5c\u696d\u7cfb\u7d71","url":"https:\/\/zh-yue.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q9135","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q9135","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2008-06-02T04:31:15Z","dateModified":"2024-09-06T12:16:05Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d8\/Operating_system_architecture.svg"}</script> </body> </html>