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<!doctype html> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">  <title>eCM - eCells & Materials Journal - Instructions to authors - True Open Access</title>  <meta NAME="keywords" CONTENT="journal, journals, ecmjournal, cells, cell, materials, material, ecm, eur, euro, matter, mat, european, open free, access, Graub眉nden, Schweiz, Literature, Courses, Cases, Craniomaxillofacial, Spine, Veterinary, education, fractures, progenitors, stem cell, regenerative medicine, musculoskeletal development, connective tissues, progenitor cell, progenitors, orthopedic, trauma, spine, dental, AOTrauma, stromal, stem cells, msc, mscs, not for protfit, donat"> <meta NAME="description" CONTENT="European Cells & Materials Journal - Open and Free Access - The Official Research Journal of AOCMF, AOTrauma, European Orthopaedic Research Society (EORS), Swiss Society for Biomaterials (SSB) and Tissue & Cell Engineering Society (TCES)"> <meta NAME="robots" CONTENT="index,follow"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <script language="JavaScript" src="scripts/scripts.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <link href="css/multiColumnTemplate.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">    </head> <body> <div class="container"> <header> <div class="primary_header"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="300"><a href="index.html"><img src="images-design/ecm-journal-logo-2016.jpg" alt="eCM (Eur Cell Mater / e Cells & Materials)" width="250" height="52" title="eCM (Eur Cell Mater / e Cells & Materials)"/></a></td> <td align="left" valign="middle" class="logotext">eCM Open Access Scientific Journal</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="primary_header2">  ISSN:1473-2262         NLM:100973416 (<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/100973416" target="_blank">link</a>)         DOI:10.22203/eCM</div> <nav class="secondary_header" id="menu"> <ul> <li><a href="/index.html">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/archive.html">Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/scope.php">Scope</a></li> <li><a href="/instructions_to_authors.html">Submit Paper</a></li> <li><a href="/search_ecm_abstract.html">Paper search</a></li> </ul> </nav> </header> <section> <article class="left_article"> <h3>Instructions to authors on submission and formatting </h3>  <h3><a href="https://fmp.forummmpub.com/access/login">Submit</a> </h3> The manuscript tracking system of eCM has been fully upgraded since August 16, 2024. We recommend authors to submit papers via the link: <a href="https://fmp.forummmpub.com/access/login">https://fmp.forummmpub.com/access/login</a>.  <h3><a href="#_Toc508810666">General</a> <a href="#_Toc508810667">Manuscript submission and review process</a> <a href="#_Toc508810999">Editorial Independence</a> <a href="#_Toc508810668">Conflict of Interest</a> <a href="#_Toc508810673">Plagiarism check</a> <a href="#_Toc508810996">Appeals and Complaints</a> <a href="#_Toc508810997">Allegations of Research Misconduct</a> <a href="#_Toc508810998">Erratum, Editorial Expressions of Concern, Corrections and Retractions</a> <a href="#_Toc508810669">eCM Manuscript style</a> <a href="#_Toc508810670">Style specifications</a> <a href="#_Toc508810671">Publication</a> <a href="#_Toc508810995">Copyright</a> <a href="#_Toc508810672">Graphical abstract</a> </h3> <h3><a name="_Toc508810666">General</a></h3> eCM is an exclusively online journal, publishing original research and review within its <a href="http://www.ecmjournal.org/scope.php">scope</a>. Manuscripts are submitted at <a href="https://fmp.forummmpub.com/access/login" target="_blank">https://fmp.forummmpub.com/access/login</a>. Forum Multimedia Publishing has adjusted the policy, eCM is now free of submission fees. Upon acceptance, and before publication, the payment of an Article Processing Charge (APC) of USD2500 will be requested. The journal will not support any kind of refunds once you pay the Article Processing Charges. The APC covers part of the costs of eCM staffing, web hosting, long-term archiving and general publishing costs, with the remainder of the costs being covered by donations and sponsorship. Authors from Low and Middle income countries may be eligible for discounts on a case-by-case basis. For waivers or discounts, please contact the Editorial Office of journals before submitting. eCM offers Gold <a href=" https://www.ecmjournal.org/open_access.html">Open Access</a> to its papers, where articles are immediately available for others to read, download and share. Payment Details To Pay by Credit Card You can click this <a href="https://payment.forummmpub.com/">button</a> and follow the instructions to pay with credit card. To pay in US Dollars Account holder: FORUM MULTIMEDIA PUBLISHING, LLC Routing number: 026073150 SWIFT/BIC: CMFGUS33 Account number: 822000675150 Wise's address: 30 W. 26th Street, Sixth Floor, New York NY 10010, United States Account type: Checking To Pay in Euros Account holder: FORUM MULTIMEDIA PUBLISHING, LLC SWIFT/BIC: TRWIBEB1XXX IBAN: BE45 9676 6712 0189 The European Cells & Materials will provide discounts or waivers for authors from low-income and middle-income countries who do not have funding to pay APC, based on <a href="https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups">World Bank</a> and <a href="https://www.research4life.org/access/eligibility/">Research4Life</a> criteria. Author fees or waiver status should not influence editorial decision-making. For waivers or discounts, please contact the Editorial Office of the journals before submission. The official language of eCM Journal is UK English. US English is acceptable. Should authors wish their paper to be published in US English, the following instruction must be included below the main title: “Please publish in US English”; otherwise, at the time of publication, the paper will be edited in UK English. If English is not your native language, we strongly recommend you acquiring assistance from a professional scientific editing service (best if they are experienced, native English-speaking academics) to edit the manuscript before it is submitted, since manuscripts with a poor standard of English will be unsubmitted and returned to the authors prior to being sent for review. eCM publishes two types of manuscripts: <ul> <li>Research paper: presents new unpublished findings (of general or specialist interest). </li> <li>Review paper: including an extended literature review and a complete bibliography. It can also emphasise authors' new unpublished findings and, in an extended discussion, place the topic in its proper perspective. It can also be a complete bibliography of an author's own work, discussed in relation to the work of others. </li> </ul> Responsibilities in the Submission and Peer-Review Process: authors, reviewers and the journal bear responsibility in the review process. Read the <a href="https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-responsibilities/responsibilities-in-the-submission-and-peer-peview-process.html" target="_blank">guidelines of the ICMJE</a>. <h3><a name="_Toc508810667">Manuscript submission and review process</a></h3> Papers should be submitted in <a href="/files/Microsoft Wordtemplate-eCM.docx">Microsoft Word</a>. Please ensure that your manuscript is formatted using the eCM <a href="/files/Microsoft Wordtemplate-eCM.docx">Microsoft Word template</a> format. There are no practical limitations concerning figures, monochrome or colour are equally acceptable. Short videos, when bringing exceptional improvement to the paper, may also be included as appendices to the paper – please consult the Editorial Office in such cases. Full details of the required manuscript standards for submission are described under eCM manuscript style. A letter of submission (signed by all authors) is required when submitting your manuscript. In its absence, the paper will be unsubmitted. Download <a href="/files/eCM_LOSubmission.doc">eCM_Letter of Submission</a> template. Reviewing and processing Each abstract is checked for <a href="http://www.ecmjournal.org/scope.php">scope</a> by the Editor-in-Chief, who decides whether the manuscript will be assigned to a Scientific Editor (SE) or returned. The SE decides whether the paper warrants rejection or, if acceptable, he/she selects several reviewers and the manuscript enters the double-blind review process. SEs reserve the right to directly return work, which they deem incremental, not hypothesis-driven but observational, sufficiently covered in literature, or technical notes. If this happens before sending out to review, no detailed comments will be sent to the authors. Resubmissions When resubmitting a revised manuscript, please respond fully to all the reviewers' comments, with a point-by-point rebuttal in a separate document. You should also list and comment on any changes made to the original manuscript. To expedite processing of the revised manuscript, be as specific as possible in your response to the reviewer(s). The revised manuscript should be prepared with changes noted by either using the track changes mode in MS Word or by highlighting changes in bold and red. The onus is on the author(s) to make the changes as obvious as possible and easy for the reviewer(s) to recognise. IMPORTANT: Your original files remain available when the revised manuscript is uploaded. Please delete all redundant files before completing the resubmission. <h3><a name="_Toc508810999">Editorial Independence</a> </h3> Editorial independence dictates that the decision to accept or reject a manuscript is based solely on the scientific merit of the article, without consideration of any other relationships, such as pressure from the publisher to the journal editor. This means that the Editor is independent in their decision-making and will not be influenced by any external body or organization. To ensure impartiality in decision-making and to avoid any potential conflict of interest, authors serving on the Journal's editorial board will not be involved in any editorial processing of manuscripts (including review, editing, and final decisions). The editors will also not be involved in decision-making for manuscripts written by family members or colleagues, or related to products or services in which the editors have an interest or other perceived conflicts of interest. Any such submissions are subject to all the regular procedures of the journal, and peer review is independent of the editors involved and their research teams. For example, articles from the Editor-in-Chief will be assigned to an Associate Editor-in-Chief or, in the absence of an Associate Editor-in-Chief, to an Editorial Board with relevant expertise (who does not have any conflicts of interest with the Editor-in-Chief). After receiving review comments from external reviewers, the manuscript will be returned to the Associate Editor-in-Chief or a member of the Editorial Board (with whom the Editor-in-Chief does not have any conflicts of interest) for a final decision. Additionally, if the manuscript is accepted, we will also ask the authors to indicate in a footnote the appropriate conflict of interest (e.g., relationship to the journal, whether sponsorship is included, etc.). Here is an example: XXX is a member of the Editorial Board of the journal, and XXX declares no conflict of interest by not participating in the peer review process. Author XXX is responsible for all content of the manuscript. <h3><a name="_Toc508810668">Conflict of Interest</a> </h3> A <a href="https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-responsibilities/author-responsibilities--conflicts-of-interest.html">Conflict of Interest</a> is anything that interferes with, or could reasonably be perceived as interfering with, the study design and conduct, full and objective presentation, peer review, editorial decision-making or publication of research or non-research articles submitted to eCM journal. Conflict of Interest can be financial or non-financial, professional or personal. They can arise in relationship to an organisation or another person. Who must declare a Conflict of Interest? Authors At the time of submission, authors must state what competing interests are relevant to the submitted research. Use <a href="/files/eCM_LOSubmission.doc">eCM_Letter of Submission</a> template to state any potential Conflict of Interest, including, but not limited to, support from any commercial sources, description of funder’s role in the study design, professional affiliations, advisory positions, board memberships, patent holdings, etc.. Peer Reviewers Reviewers must declare autonomously their own Conflict of Interest and, if necessary, disqualify themselves from involvement in the assessment of the manuscript. Reviewers must not use knowledge of the work they are reviewing before its publication to further their own interests. Editors Editors who make final decisions about manuscripts should recuse themselves from editorial decisions if they have a Conflict of Interest or relationships that pose potential conflicts related to articles under consideration. Editorial staff must not use information gained through working with manuscripts for private gain. <h3><a name="_Toc508810673">Plagiarism check</a></h3> Each accepted manuscript will be run through a powerful plagiarism detection system software (<a href="http://www.ithenticate.com/" target="_blank">http://www.ithenticate.com/</a>) before production and publication. iThenticate is used worldwide by scholarly publishers and research institutions to ensure the originality of written work before publication. iThenticate helps editors, authors and researchers prevent misconduct by comparing manuscripts against its database of over 60 billion web pages and 155 million content items, including 49 million works from 800 scholarly publisher participants of <a href="https://www.crossref.org/services/similarity-check/" target="_blank">Crossref Similarity Check</a> powered by iThenticate software. Authors will be contacted in case the percentage of possible plagiarism (including self-plagiarism) in relevant sections is considered to be too large. <h3><a name="_Toc508810996">Appeals and Complaints</a></h3> Where an author believes that an editor has made an error in declining a paper, he or she may submit an appeal to the <a href="https://www.ecmjournal.org/contact.html">editorial office</a>. <h3><a name="_Toc508810997">Allegations of Research Misconduct</a></h3> eCM adheres to the recommendations of <a href="https://publicationethics.org/misconduct">COPE</a> and <a href="https://wame.org/recommendations-on-publication-ethics-policies-for-medical-journals#Responding%20to%20Allegations">WAME</a> and follows their guidelines on misconduct. The process for handling <a href="https://forummmpub.com/index.php/index/Policies/Publication_Ethics">misconduct</a> in eCM is as follows: If an article published in the journal is suspected of containing research misconduct, you can contact the <a href="https://www.ecmjournal.org/contact.html">editorial office</a> to share your concerns. The complainant must clearly specify the nature and details of the misconduct; for example, in cases of plagiarism, the plagiarized sections should be clearly identified, and reference should be made to the original and suspicious articles. During this period, the editorial office will contact the Editor-In-Chief and the journal editors for assessment. If the situation is confirmed to be true, the corresponding author of the suspicious article will be contacted for investigation (and relevant institutions may be contacted if necessary). The corresponding author will be asked to provide an explanation with factual statements and any available evidence. If no response is received within the specified time or if the explanation is unsatisfactory, the article may be permanently retracted or rejected. Before making a decision, it may be necessary to seek confirmation from experts from relevant institutions or other regulatory authorities. Your identity will not be disclosed by the journal throughout the investigation process. Once the investigation is completed, you will be informed of the outcome. The complaint case will then be considered closed. <h3><a name="_Toc508810998">Erratum, Editorial Expressions of Concern, Corrections and Retractions</a></h3> To uphold the <a href="https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/publishing-and-editorial-issues/scientific-misconduct-expressions-of-concern-and-retraction.html">integrity of academic publications</a>, eCM employs a rigorous process for identifying and rectifying significant inaccuracies, misleading statements, or distortions within published reports, adhering to <a href="https://publicationethics.org/guidance/Flowcharts">COPE</a> guidelines. Upon identification of such issues, corrections are promptly implemented with due attention. Following investigation, if valid concerns persist, eCM contacts the respective authors via their provided email addresses, and if necessary, may involve their institutions, affording them an opportunity to address the issue. While corrections to published articles impact their interpretation and conclusions, they do not necessarily render them invalid; the decision to issue corrections ahead of print or express concerns editorially lies within the editor's discretion. In cases where scientific integrity is severely compromised due to errors or misconduct, retraction of the published article may become necessary. Retraction notices will be indexed and linked back to the original article. Manuscripts under consideration may face rejection and be returned to the authors in such instances. <h3><a name="_Toc508810669">eCM Manuscript style</a></h3> <ul type="disc"> <li><a href="#_st01">General</a></li> <li><a href="#_st02">Title/Headline</a></li> <li><a href="#_st03">Authors and affiliations list</a></li> <li><a href="#_st04">Running Title</a></li> <li><a href="#_st05">Abstract</a></li> <li><a href="#_st06">Keywords</a></li> <li><a href="#_st07">Corresponding Author details</a></li> <li><a href="#_st08">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="#_st09">Materials and Methods</a></li> <li><a href="#_st10">Results</a></li> <li><a href="#_st11">Discussion</a></li> <li><a href="#_st12">Conclusions</a></li> <li><a href="#_st13">Availability of Data and Materials</a></li> <li><a href="#_st14">Author Contributions</a></li> <li><a href="#_st15">Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate</a></li> <li><a href="#_st16">Acknowledgements</a></li> <li><a href="#_st17">Funding</a></li> <li><a href="#_st18">Conflict of Interest</a></li> <li><a href="#_st19">Supplementary Materials</a></li> <li><a href="#_st20">References</a></li>  </ul>   <ul type="disc"> <li><a name="_st01"></a>General: please ensure that your manuscript is formatted using the eCM <a href="/files/Microsoft Wordtemplate-eCM.docx">Microsoft Word template</a>. </li> <li><a name="_st02"></a>Title: the title should contain no more than twenty words.</li> <li><a name="_st03"></a>Authors list: use first name initial, followed by a period and last name of all authors separated by commas. Do not add titles (e.g. Prof., Dr, PhD etc.). Different affiliations should be marked by superscript numbers (1, 2 etc.) immediately following the author's name. The corresponding author(s) should be designated by an asterisk (*). Note: only one author should be designated as the contact person when submitting your manuscript in ProPub. However, two corresponding/ senior authors can be defined in the manuscript <a href="/files/Microsoft Wordtemplate-eCM.docx">Microsoft Word</a> file.</li> <li>Affiliations list: each affiliation should include department, institution, city and country, preceded by the appropriate number in superscript (1, 2 etc.).</li> <li><a name="_st04"></a>Running Title: an informative running title, of up to 50 characters.</li> <li><a name="_st05"></a>Abstract: The abstract should be no more than 250 words long. It should contain the purpose of the work, the main methods used, as well as the main results and conclusions, but not in separate sections. Abbreviations may be used in the abstract, but they must be defined in parentheses the first time they are used, e.g. "...transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to...". References should not be included in the abstract. The clinical relevance of the work must also be mentioned within the abstract.</li> <li><a name="_st06"></a>Keywords: up to 10 keywords. Do not use abbreviations in the keywords.</li> <li><a name="_st07"></a>Corresponding author(s) details: full name, full mailing address, telephone number(optional), fax number (optional) and e-mail address.</li> <li><a name="_st08"></a>Introduction:  a clear and concise statement of the purpose of the paper and the relationship of this paper to what is already in the literature (along with relevant references).</li> <li><a name="_st09"></a>Materials and Methods Detail. All eCM reviewers are asked a simple question: ‘Is the Materials and Methods section described in sufficient detail to allow repetition of the work?’ This section must have complete information (even if already published) for all areas of the study so that others could duplicate the work. This section should carefully describe the materials and methods used, including sample size and statistical approaches. Sequence and source of unique constructs etc. should be made available. Sources. Provide the supplier/manufacturer’s name, city, country and product code (or URL; only if city, country and product code are not available) of all non-generic products used in the work. If the suppliers/manufacturers are international companies, with common website and local agents, the company name is sufficient. Collaboration. The role of any outside organisation in the collection of data, its analysis and interpretation must be described in this section. Animal studies. When animal studies are submitted, Animal Ethics Committee permissions must be mentioned. Authors must also submit a completed <a href="https://www.ecmjournal.org/files/Author%20Checklist%20-%20E10%20only.pdf" target="_blank">ARRIVE checklist</a> with their manuscript (the file must be submitted in the same section with the manuscript files, e.g. figures, tables and word file). The <a href="https://arriveguidelines.org/" target="_blank">ARRIVE</a> Essential 10 constitutes the minimum requirements for reporting animal research and include information allowing reviewers and readers to assess the reliability of the findings. Human material. When using human material, the ethics permission must be mentioned. If patient consent forms were used, these must be mentioned. The minimum number of human donors should be 3. Note: the use of pooled human donor cells should be avoided. When unavoidable, the use of fewer than 3 or pooled donors needs to be justified convincingly within the manuscript. </li> <li><a name="_st10"></a>Results: this section should succinctly state the results without lengthy discussion or interpretation of individual data. Conclusions should not be stated in the Results section. Tabular data should not repeat what is already shown in graphical format. eCM offers the possibility to host Omics data (e.g. genomic sequences) on the same web page as the manuscript.</li> <li><a name="_st11"></a>Discussion: should summarise, but not repeat, the Results; distinguish between logical explanations of the results and extrapolations or hypotheses drawn from the results; show how each result advances the overall conclusions of the study; relate the results to the literature (along with relevant references). The Discussion should highlight the potential clinical relevance of the work.</li> <li><a name="_st12"></a>Conclusions: authors should state the conclusions and potential implications of the findings.</li> <li><a name="_st13"></a>Availability of Data and Materials: authors are strongly encouraged to provide all <a href="https://forummmpub.com/index.php/index/Policies/Editorial_Policies/Data_Sharing_and_Data_Accessibility">data</a> underlying the conclusions of the manuscript in this section for original research articles, unless these data are already fully accessible to readers as part of the submitted article. Detailed information on accessing the data supporting the reported findings, including links to publicly archived datasets analyzed or generated during the research, should be provided. If the study does not contain any data, this statement may be omitted.</li> <li><a name="_st14"></a>Author Contributions: contributions of each author should be accurately listed in this section based on <a href="https://forummmpub.com/index.php/index/Policies/Editorial_Policies/Authorship">four criteria</a>.</li> <li><a name="_st15"></a>Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate: this section should include the Institutional Review Board Statement, date of approval, and approval number for studies <a href="https://forummmpub.com/index.php/index/Policies/Editorial_Policies/Research_Ethics_Policies">involving humans or animals</a>.</li> <li><a name="_st16"></a>Acknowledgements: authors should acknowledge all support received for the work: funding, equipment, materials, technicians or anyone who has contributed but has not been listed as an author. Any conflict of interest should also be stated here.</li> <li><a name="_st17"></a>Funding: all <a href="https://forummmpub.com/index.php/index/Policies/Editorial_Policies/Funding">funding</a> sources should be listed in this section, ensuring accuracy and standard spelling of funding agency names. Grant numbers, if applicable, should also be included.</li> <li><a name="_st18"></a>Conflict of Interest: this section is mandatory for all papers. Authors should declare any <a href="https://forummmpub.com/index.php/index/Policies/Editorial_Policies/Conflict_of_Interest">conflicts of interest</a> using the provided wording. The text in this section should match the provided Declaration of Interests form in the publishing agreement. Authors should use the <a href="https://www.ecmjournal.org/files/eCM_LOSubmission.doc">eCM_Letter of Submission</a> template to state any potential Conflict of Interests.</li> <li><a name="_st19"></a>Supplementary Materials: authors may provide related supplemental data to be published online with the manuscript. This may include figures, tables, or appendices but excludes large datasets, which should be deposited in appropriate repositories. Results essential for supporting conclusions should be in the main body of the article, not in supplementary materials. Supplementary files will be available to referees during the peer-review process. Common, non-proprietary file formats are recommended.</li> <li><a name="_st20"></a>References <ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>The reference list should be sorted numerically. The reference list should be limited to only those citations essential to the presentation.</li> <li>Please verify the accuracy of all references and check that all references have been cited in the text.</li> <li>Please list all authors' names in the reference if the authors number fewer than six. For more than six authors, please list the first six authors' names, then use "et al.".</li> <li>Please list the standard journal title, do not omit abbreviate the page number.</li> <li>Use [number] for references in the text.</li> <li>The use of Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) is recommended, as they provide a permanent link to the referenced electronic article.</li> </ul> Sample reference citation (<a href="https://article.imrpress.com/file/endnote/EndNote%20style.ens">Download EndNote style</a>). (1) Journal: ①Less than 6 authors [1] Boyden EA. A critique of the international nomenclature on bronchopulmonary segments. Diseases of the Chest. 1953; 23: 266-269. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.23.3.266 ② More than 6 authors [2] Truong M, Dreier T, Wass閘ius J, Sundius L, Persson A, Lovric G, et al. Sub-micrometer morphology of human atherosclerotic plaque revealed by synchrotron radiation-based ?CT-A comparison with histology. PLoS One. 2022; 17: e0265598. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265598 (2) Book: [1] Su QY, Lu J, Huang XY, Yao JG, Wu XM, Huang BC, et al. CBX4 expression and AFBl-related liver cancer prognosis. In Lemamy GJ (ed.) Cancer Prognosis (pp. 51-67). Ist edn. InTech: London. 2018. (3) Patent: [1] Cho ST, inventor; Hospira, Inc., assignee. Microneedles for minimally invasive drug delivery. USA: United States patent US 6,980,855. 27 December 2005. (4) If there are non-English journals in the reference, please insert the journal language as the ending: [1] Zhou Y, Liu M, Liang WN. Progress on the epidemiological study of epilepsy. Zhong Hua Journal. 2007; 28: 92-94. (In Chinese) (5) Website: [1] Miech RA, Johnston LD, Patrick ME, O'Malley PM, Bachman JH, Schulenberg JE. Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975-2022: Secondary school students. 2022. Available at: <a href="https://monitoringthefuture.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/mtf2022.pdf">https://monitoringthefuture.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/mtf2022.pdf</a> (Accessed: 29 September 2023). </ul>  <ul type="disc"> </ul> <h3><a name="_Toc508810670"></a><a name="#_st16"></a> <a name="#_st28"></a>Style specifications </h3> <ul> <li><a href="#_st17">Text</a></li> <li><a href="#_st18">Headings</a></li> <li><a href="#_st19">Equations</a></li> <li><a href="#_st20">Symbols and abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="#_st21">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="#_st22">Units</a></li> <li><a href="#_st23">Statistical tests</a></li> <li><a href="#_st24">Figures</a></li> <li><a href="#_st25">Figure legend</a>  </li> <li><a name="_st17"></a>Text: For the correct use of tenses please check <a href="https://wordvice.com/which-verb-tense-to-use-in-a-research-paper/">here</a>. Examples Present tense is used to talk about general background information, e.g. "Osteoinduction by CaP bone grafts is material-dependent", "The structure of the bovine disc is similar to the young healthy human IVD" and "Rod-shaped nanoparticles have high affinity for endothelial cells". Past tense is used to talk about actual results and procedures used, e.g. "A panel of 36 specific proteins was measured", "IVDs from the lumbar region were harvested" and "A staining diminution of around 60 % was observed". When referring to the content of a specific paper, past tense can be used, e.g. "Zhang et al. (2012) developed a composite HA-agarose material" and "Collins and Birkinshaw (2011) studied a series of HA scaffolds"; however, when referring directly to the publication e.g. “Zhang et.al. (2012) describe a composite…” the present tense is more appropriate. In order to avoid confusion, it is essential that a clear distinction is always made between what is published information (present/present perfect tense) and that which represents a description of the current work being reported (past tense). Present perfect tense is used when previous research is being discussed in general terms, e.g. "A number of groups have focused on". The accepted convention for scientific writing should be used, where the text is written in the third person, i.e. it should not contain phrases like "I/we described X", "I/we did X", "I/we performed X", etc.. In such instances, passive forms are to be used, such as "X was described", "X was performed" etc..</li> <li><a name="_st18"></a>Headings: do not number headings. Major headings should be typed in bold upper and lower case. Subheadings: should be typed in bold and place flush with the left margin of the text on a separate line. Sub-subheadings: print italic and place flush with the left margin of the text on a separate line.</li> <li><a name="_st19"></a>Equations: each equation must be centred on a separate line, consecutively numbered. Equation numbers, in parentheses, should be flush with the right margin. The equation should normally be prepared using 'Microsoft Equation Editor' and embedded in the MS Word file.</li> <li><a name="_st20"></a>Symbols and abbreviations: define each abbreviation in parentheses the first time it is used (even if it has already been defined in the Abstract). For more than 10 symbols include a separate table in the text defining symbols (with units, as applicable). For more than 10 abbreviations, include a list of abbreviations.</li> <li><a name="_st21"></a>Tables: Tables should be numbered and referred to sequentially in the text. Each table should have a short descriptive heading. Additional details, explanation of symbols, etc., should follow. All text contained in the table(s) should be in Palatino Linotype font. The style for the use of units must be consistent with that described below, under Units. <a name="_Hlk118212737">Tables can be embedded in the main manuscript <a href="/files/Microsoft Wordtemplate-eCM.docx">Microsoft Word</a> file for review but must be provided as individual separate files in <a href="/files/Microsoft Wordtemplate-eCM.docx">Microsoft Word</a> table format upon minor review or acceptance of the manuscript.</a></li> <li><a name="_st22"></a>Units: only standard International System of Units (SI) and accepted non-SI units should be used (for guidance see: <a href="http://www.bipm.org/en/measurement-units/" target="_blank">http://www.bipm.org/en/measurement-units/</a> and download their brochure).</li> <li><a name="_st23"></a>Statistical tests: these should be clearly defined and statistical significance should be shown in both figures and tables by superscripts. Statistical terms (e.g. t, P, p, n etc.) must always be italicised.</li> <li><a name="_st24"></a>Figures: eCM Journal does not accept supplementary data figures for publication – all figures must be included in the main figure sequence, i.e., extra figures, should have consecutive numbers following the figure numbers in the paper itself. The only exceptions are Omics data files and video files that are made available from the paper’s web page. In addition, all uncropped, original gel images (western, PCR, etc.) must be uploaded as supplementary figures for review purposes only. Number each figure (including line drawings) and refer to each figure in sequence in the text. Multiple illustrations within each figure must be designated (lower case bold, upper left side of the illustration) as a, b, c etc. and referred to as such in the figure legend. Such multiple illustration figures should be supplied already assembled as a single jpg/tif file that will fit onto a single A4 page at a minimum resolution of 400 dpi. Each figure must have a short descriptive heading and a comprehensive legend, all supplied as a list at the end of main text document. The style for the use of units must be consistent with that described above, under Units. All figures must be supplied in the form of jpg or tif files and named fig_1, fig_2. etc., as high resolution (at minimum 400 dpi). Figures can be embedded in the manuscript main MS Word file but must be provided as separate high-resolution images upon minor review or acceptance of the manuscript.</li> <li><a name="_st25"></a>Figure legend: each figure must have a separate legend. The legend should include: Fig. x. (in bold), a short descriptive heading (in bold), followed by the caption text. The text should provide a comprehensive description of the figure panel(s) and scale-line dimension(s), if it is not already included in the image. Use arrows or letters of sufficient size to point out features in figures.</li> </ul> <h3><a name="_Toc508810671">Publication</a></h3> Each paper has its own Web page with the paper title, DOI, authors and address listed. Abstract, graphical abstract and list of key words are also included. The final pdf version of the paper can be downloaded from this page. There is no paper-printed version of the journal. Authors may freely distribute the pdf file of their own paper, though we prefer that they refer any interested party to the paper on the open-access <a href="http://www.ecmjournal.org/">eCM Journal website</a>. Note: eCM advertises published papers through social media avenues (such as, but not limited to LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter etc.). <h3><a name="_Toc508810995">Copyright</a></h3> The copyright of each paper/manuscript remains with the author(s) (or author's employer). Authors must warrant that their work is original, has not been published by another journal and does not infringe any pre-existing copyright. When a manuscript is accepted for publication by eCM Journal, the authors must agree not to submit the same material to another journal in any language. An exception is allowed if the published material appears as a part of a review article or book chapter. In such cases, the original paper/manuscript in eCM Journal must be acknowledged. Since 2022, new papers have been published under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC BY license</a>. Older material is available under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">CC-BY-SA License</a>. The paper/manuscript may also be stored on academic Digital Repositories, kindly asking for a URL to the original article web page (not direct to the pdf) to be included. Figure reproduction from eCM Journal papers as a part of a review article or book chapter is allowed with kind acknowledgement of the source (<a href="http://www.ecmjournal.org/">www.ecmjournal.org</a>). For more information about the copyright, please visit the <a href="https://forummmpub.com/index.php/index/Info/Copyright_and_Permission">FMP copyright</a> part. <h3><a name="_Toc508810672">Graphical abstract</a></h3> The graphical abstract is one single-panel, horizontal (landscape orientation) rectangular image that is designed to give readers an immediate understanding of the take-home message of the paper. It will be requested only for accepted manuscripts. <UL> <LI> Technical requirements are as follows: <ul type="disc"> <li>Size: 858 × 229 pixels (X-Y axes) at 400 dpi.</li> <li>Font style: Arial</li> <li>Font size: 10-16</li> <li>Accepted file type: PNG, JPG</li> <li>Content: the abstract should summarise the findings of the manuscript</li> <li>Colours: Effective use of colour is encouraged for increasing the aesthetic quality of the graphical abstracts and directing the reader's attention to focal points of interest </li> </ul> </LI> Check <a href="/graphical abstract.html">eCM Graphical Abstracts Guidelines</a> for examples of and comprehensive instructions for graphical abstracts. Every six months, the best graphical abstract will be awarded with a free submission (valid for the following 24 months) to eCM Journal and used as cover of next eCM issue. </UL> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="100%" valign="top"> </td> </tr> </table>  </article> <aside class="right_article"> <ul> <a href="info.php"> <li>Info on eCM</li></a> <a href="editors.html"><li>Editors</li></a> <a href="official_societies.html"><li>Official Societies</li></a> <a href="Privacy.html"> <li>Privacy Policy</li></a> <a href="contact.html"> <li>Contact</li></a> </ul> <div class="googlesearch"> <script> (function() { var cx = '005753416099071425706:8n5j25f8dju'; var gcse = document.createElement('script'); gcse.type = 'text/javascript'; gcse.async = true; gcse.src = 'https://cse.google.com/cse.js?cx=' + cx; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(gcse, s); })(); </script> <gcse:search linkTarget="_parent"></gcse:search> </div> </aside> </section> <footer class="secondary_footer"> <div class="copyright"> ©Open Access / Author retains copyright (CC BY) / <a href="https://forummmpub.com/" target="new">Forum Multimedia Publishing LLC.</a>, Part of <a href="https://www.imrpress.com/" target="new">IMR Press</a>.</div> </footer> </div> </body> </html>