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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Primary_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Primary education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Secondary education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Secondary_education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Secondary education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Secondary_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Foundation_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foundation_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Foundation education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foundation_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grading_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grading_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Grading system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grading_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maturity_examinations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maturity_examinations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Maturity examinations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maturity_examinations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Financing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-formal_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-formal_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Non-formal education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Non-formal_education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Non-formal education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Non-formal_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Special_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Special education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vocational_training_and_life_long_learning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vocational_training_and_life_long_learning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vocational 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href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Education+in+Lithuania%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Education in Lithuania</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ccccff">Ministry of Education, Science and Sport</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Education_and_Science_of_the_Republic_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Education and Science of the Republic of Lithuania">Minister of Education, Science and Sport</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Radvil%C4%97_Mork%C5%ABnait%C4%97-Mikul%C4%97nien%C4%97" title="Radvilė Morkūnaitė-Mikulėnienė">Radvilė Morkūnaitė-Mikulėnienė</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ccccff">National education budget (2008)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">371 million €</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ccccff">General details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Primary languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">System type</th><td class="infobox-data">National</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ccccff">Literacy (2004)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total</th><td class="infobox-data">99.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Male</th><td class="infobox-data">99.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Female</th><td class="infobox-data">99.9%</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ccccff">Enrollment</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total</th><td class="infobox-data">748378</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Primary</th><td class="infobox-data">90552</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Secondary</th><td class="infobox-data">514622</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Post secondary</th><td class="infobox-data">143204</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="text-align: left;background:#e6e6ff;">2006 data<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The first documented school in Lithuania was established in 1387 at <a href="/wiki/Vilnius_Cathedral" title="Vilnius Cathedral">Vilnius Cathedral</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4T_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4T-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The school network was influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Lithuania" title="Christianization of Lithuania">Christianization of Lithuania</a>. Several types of schools were present in medieval Lithuania – cathedral schools, where pupils were prepared for <a href="/wiki/Priests" class="mw-redirect" title="Priests">priesthood</a>; parish schools, offering elementary education; and home schools dedicated to educating the children of the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_nobility" title="Lithuanian nobility">Lithuanian nobility</a>. Before <a href="/wiki/Vilnius_University" title="Vilnius University">Vilnius University</a> was established in 1579, Lithuanians seeking higher education attended universities in foreign cities, including <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-4T_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4T-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">Interbellum</a> a <a href="/wiki/National_university" title="National university">national university</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vytautas_Magnus_University" title="Vytautas Magnus University">Vytautas Magnus University</a> was founded in Kaunas. </p><p>Education is free of charge and compulsory from the age of 6 or 7 to 16 years (covering "primary" and "basic" education), as stated in the national <a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_on_Education&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law on Education (page does not exist)">Law on Education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ilab_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ilab-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1996, the gross primary enrollment rate was 98 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-ilab_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ilab-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Primary school attendance rates were unavailable for Lithuania as of 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-ilab_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ilab-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While enrollment rates indicate a level of commitment to education, they do not always reflect children's participation in school.<sup id="cite_ref-ilab_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ilab-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pre-tertiary education is organised in four main cycles: Pre-school education (until age 5 or 6), pre-primary education (1 year, between ages 5 to 7), primary education (4 years, between ages 6 to 11), basic education (6 years, between ages 10 to 17, ends on a "basic education certificate"), upper secondary education (two years, between ages 16 to 19).<sup id="cite_ref-IBE_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBE-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upper secondary education ends on the "matura" examination, opening gates to tertiary education.<sup id="cite_ref-IBE_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBE-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vocational and technical education starts at the fifth year of basic education (age 14-15).<sup id="cite_ref-unevoc_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unevoc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its structure is similar to comprehensive education: The program lasts two to three years before the "basic education certificate". Students can then pursue into vocational upper secondary education, that also leads, after two or three years, to a "matura" examination.<sup id="cite_ref-unevoc_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unevoc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in order to reach tertiary education (university or college), vocational students have to follow an extra "post-secondary" education program of 2 years. </p><p>Tertiary education can be divided into universities and colleges.<sup id="cite_ref-IBE_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBE-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Universities offer an academic education leading to international Bachelor-Master-PhD degrees (Lithuania has implemented the Bologna process in 2006).<sup id="cite_ref-IBE_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBE-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Colleges offer vocational Education. Since 2006, they can award professional bachelor's degrees.<sup id="cite_ref-unevoc_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unevoc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The school year in Lithuania usually starts on the first of September, including in tertiary education.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Primary_education">Primary education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Lithuania&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Primary education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the Law on Education, children who have reached seven years of age must go to the 1st form. If parents wish so and if the child is sufficiently mature to study under the primary education programme, they can start attending school from six years of age. The duration of the primary education programme is four years. Compulsory primary education can be obtained in kindergartens / schools, in primary schools and, which is less common, in basic or secondary schools. </p><p>Parents and children can also choose non-traditional education schools or individual classes/groups in municipal schools. Montessori, Waldorf, Suzuki pedagogical systems can be chosen in Lithuania. </p><p>Achievements and progress of 1–4 form pupils is not assessed with marks. Assessment is based on the idiographic principle, i.e. individual child's progress made with regard to their personality is assessed and a criteria-referenced assessment is applied. Pupils are provided with assessment information orally or in form of a short description of their particular achievements. In the end of the trimester, semester or academic year, a summarised assessment is carried out by indicating the educational level achieved (satisfactory, basic, higher). </p><p>Children who attend schools for national minorities start learning Lithuanian (state language) from the 1st form. Most primary school pupils start learning the first foreign language (English) in the 2nd form (some start in 1st form, depending on the school). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Secondary_education">Secondary education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Lithuania&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Secondary education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation_education">Foundation education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Lithuania&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Foundation education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Upon completion of primary education, pupils start studying under the 6-year basic education programme. The foundation education programme is implemented by foundation (similar to pre-A-level schools in the UK), secondary and vocational schools and gymnasiums. </p><p>The compulsory foundation education programme consists of two parts: part I – a 4-year programme implemented in the 5-8th forms and part II – a 2-year programme implemented in the 9-10th forms (forms 1-2 in gymnasiums). Pupils can start learning the second foreign language in the 5th form and in the 6th form the second foreign language is compulsory. Most students choose to learn English, with its popularity underlined by the fact that in 2011 it was estimated that 80% of 15-19 year olds in 2011 can speak English. In addition, Russian has declined in popularity, in favour of English.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pupils who study under the foundation education programme are to be encouraged to be engaged in various social activities, e.g. volunteering, organising events, raising funds for charity. </p><p>In form 10 (form 2 in gymnasiums), pupils are able to choose subject modules and study optional subjects following their bent and abilities. </p><p>Foreign pupils who can't speak Lithuanian but wish to study in Lithuanian schools have the option to study for one extra year, during which they have integration activities and language lessons. </p><p>English is the prime foreign language however in 2022 around 70% of students chose Russian as a second foreign language in preference to French or German.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Lithuania, education is compulsory for children under 16. Compulsory education is usually provided up to the 10th form. Upon completion of the 10th form pupils can choose to undergo an Assessment of Foundation Education test (AFE; PUPP in Lithuanian). During these examinations, 2 to 3 subject skills are assessed: Lithuanian language, Mathematics and native language if it is not Lithuanian (e.g. Polish, Russian). After passing the exams, pupils can choose to study in a secondary school that focuses on academics, or undergo vocational training. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grading_system">Grading system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Lithuania&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Grading system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The usual grading system at the secondary school level is a ten-point scale. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Result</th> <th>Grade</th> <th>Short description in Lithuanian</th> <th>Short description in English </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="7">Pass</td> <td>10</td> <td>Puikiai</td> <td>Excellent </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td>Labai gerai</td> <td>Very good </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>Gerai</td> <td>Good </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>Pakankamai gerai</td> <td>Good enough </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>Patenkinamai</td> <td>Satisfactory </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>Pakankamai patenkinamai</td> <td>Satisfactory enough </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>Silpnai</td> <td>Weak </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">Fail</td> <td>3</td> <td>Blogai</td> <td>Bad </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>Labai blogai</td> <td>Very bad </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>Nieko neatsakė, neatliko užduoties</td> <td>Nothing answered, task was not completed </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Secondary education is not compulsory and is usually provided for two years (forms 11 and 12 in secondary schools and forms 3 and 4 in gymnasiums). Pupils study according to individual education plans. The programme can include modules of the vocational training programme. Secondary education is provided in secondary schools, gymnasiums, and vocational schools. </p><p>Pupils can also choose education which mostly corresponds to their values, world outlook, religious beliefs, and philosophical views. Such education is provided in non-traditional education schools. Non-traditional education schools may operate according to their own programmes, but the total number of subjects and the total number of hours allocated for each subject in forms 1-12 can differ from the numbers specified in the state general education plans by not more than 25 percent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maturity_examinations">Maturity examinations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Lithuania&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Maturity examinations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In spring, upon completion of the secondary education programme, school-leavers take maturity examinations. Matura examinations may be of two types, i.e. school-level or national-level. To be awarded a Maturity Certificate, two maturity examinations must be passed: a compulsory exam in Lithuanian and one more optional exam. School-leavers who wish to enter higher education schools and receive state funding (except for studies of Arts), must pass at least 3 maturity examinations. In total, 6 maturity exams may be taken. </p><p>State examinations are conducted centrally — pupils of the graduation forms are registered in the database of the National Examination Centre; examinations are taken in municipal examinations centres; examination papers are encoded and sent to the National Examination Centre where they are assessed by hired experts. </p><p>Having completed the secondary education programme and passed maturity examinations, school-leavers obtain secondary education. </p><p>Secondary and higher education obtained in other countries is assessed by the Lithuanian Centre for Quality Assessment in Higher Education. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Financing">Financing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Lithuania&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Financing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Education of pupils in general education schools is financed through a state budget target grant under the principle of the pupil's voucher. Every year, the state allocates, by taking into account the number of pupils, a special target grant to municipalities. The pupil's voucher is allocated both for public and private schools. When moving to another school, a pupil takes his voucher with him. The pupil's voucher includes money for teachers‘ salaries, improvement of teachers‘ skills, textbooks, instructional aids, special psychological aid, cognitive activities of pupils, professional guidance, modules of professional artistic education programmes, administration, execution, assessment of maturity examinations, etc. </p><p>Utility expenses of private schools are covered by their stakeholders. Funds for schools of traditional religious communities are allocated by the state under the Agreement between the Republic of Lithuania and the Holy See. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Non-formal_education">Non-formal education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Lithuania&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Non-formal education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After classes, pupils can choose various leisure activities provided in schools free of charge or attend separate sports, music, fine arts, art, aviation, and choreography schools, and children's clubs. The latter activities are partially paid; professional artists, sportsmen, and teachers work with children. </p><p>In schools, pupils can be excused from attending weekly classes in Arts and Physical Training, if they have graduated from schools of art or study Fine Arts, Choreography, or Music in schools of art or non-formal education establishments specializing in sports. The long-term artistic education programme completed in children's music, art, and sports schools or any other school can be recognised as a vocational education module. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Special_education">Special education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Lithuania&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Special education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Special education is provided in pre-school education establishments and general education schools of all types. If needed, general education programmes can be adapted taking into account pupil's special education needs. Free assistance of special pedagogues, speech therapists, psychologists, and other specialists can be provided to pupils in schools as well as to parents and teachers in other institutions. A child's need for special education is determined by a municipal pedagogical psychological unit or by a school special education commission. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vocational_training_and_life_long_learning">Vocational training and life long learning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Lithuania&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Vocational training and life long learning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vocational_training">Vocational training</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Lithuania&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Vocational training"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The vocational education system covers initial and continuing vocational education and training </p><p><b>Initial Vocational Education and Training (IVET)</b> can start at the age 14 (fifth year of basic education).<sup id="cite_ref-unevoc_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unevoc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The duration of the first programmes can be either two or three years depending on the level of the audience. The duration of studies for students who have already obtained secondary education<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness"><span title="This information is too vague. (June 2014)">vague</span></a></i>]</sup> is 1 to 1.5 years. It grants a certificate of basic education. The student can then pursue into vocational upper secondary education, that also lasts 2 or 3 years and ends on a "matura" examination.<sup id="cite_ref-unevoc_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unevoc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In order to join tertiary education (university or college), vocational students have to follow an extra "post-secondary education" program (1 or 2 years).<sup id="cite_ref-unevoc_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unevoc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The training programme consists of two parts. The first part is common to all schools in the country and defines fields of professional activities, competencies, teaching goals, and assessment provisions. The second part is optional and covers teaching methods, subject programmes, teaching aids, etc. The programme must include the subjects or modules of Entrepreneurship, Civil Protection, Ecology, Information Technologies, and Foreign Language for Specific Purposes. 60-70 percent of the total time allocated to vocational subjects should be devoted to practical training. Usually, practical training is conducted at the school or in a company. Training can also be performed under exchange programmes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="The whole paragraph needs citations (June 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Initial vocational training is financed through the state budget. Vocational training providers receive financing by applying the methodology of the pupil's voucher, i.e. calculation of teaching funds per pupil. The same principle is applied when allocating utility funds. Most of vocational school pupils receive grants. Continuing education is usually conducted through the funds of companies, institutions, the Employment Fund, other funds, or personal funds of pupils.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Requirements for vocational training programmes are set out by the General Requirements and Standards for Vocational Training of the Ministry of Education and Science. Vocational training programmes are developed by vocational training providers in cooperation with employers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="The whole paragraph needs citations (June 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><b>Continuing Vocational Education and Training (CVET)</b> targets learners older than 18. It consists of programmes, usually short (a year or less), mainly dedicated to practical training (60 to 80% of the programme).<sup id="cite_ref-unevoc_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unevoc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They can lead to a vocational qualification, to an additional vocational qualification, or to a competence to perform jobs or functions regulated by law.<sup id="cite_ref-unevoc_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unevoc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adult_education">Adult education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Lithuania&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Adult education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Once students have reached 18 years of age, they are offered a variety of opportunities for further education. It is possible to continue one's education in general education schools and centres for adults, by taking various courses or just using the Internet, reading books, or being interested in special literature. </p><p>Adults can obtain primary, basic or secondary education in adult schools, education centres, and general education schools with forms established for adults. General education of adults is organised by approx. 60 institutions in all municipalities of the country, which number about 12 thousand adults. These schools also provide non-formal adult education services. </p><p>The scope and subjects of study programmes for adults are adapted according to the needs. Adults who study under general education and non-formal education programmes can choose a flexible learning form that is most suitable for them — modular education, independent education, extramural education, or distance education. These forms allow adults choosing suitable time for their studies and a study programme, as well as planning their learning process on their own. </p><p>The modular learning method creates opportunities to study single subjects and complete the selected education programme within acceptable time frames as well as study for the purposes of self-education. Extramural students arrive to the adult school only for consultations and to take credit tests. Part of consultations under the correspondence and individual programmes (and all consultations for disabled people) can be provided distantly, by communicating with teachers with the help of information communication technologies — Internet sites, e-mail, or Internet Telephony Programs. </p><p>Adults study not only in order to obtain formal education, but also for self-expression, improvement of their skills, or communication with other people. On non-formal adult education courses and seminars adults tend mostly like to study foreign languages, Basics of Law and Business, Psychology, Computer Literacy as well as Arts, Literature, and Philosophy. Improvement of competencies in citizenship, traffic safety, and career management is also important. Non-formal adult education is organised by approx. 700 public and private institutions. Adult learning also takes place in the workplace and is organised by the employers taking into account their business demands. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Improvement_of_teachers'_skills"><span id="Improvement_of_teachers.27_skills"></span>Improvement of teachers' skills</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Lithuania&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Improvement of teachers' skills"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During an academic year, teachers shall allocate five days for improvement of their skills. Every municipality has a teacher education centre, in which teachers can improve their qualification. These services are also provided by various private institutions. </p><p>There is a system implemented for the appraisal of teachers. The Regulations of the Appraisal of Teachers specify four teacher qualification categories: teacher, senior teacher, teacher-supervisor, and teacher-expert. Teachers or specialists in assisting the student can undergo appraisal at their own choice and in accordance with the procedure established in the Regulations, and pursue acquisition of any qualification category in one or several subjects (education fields, vocational training programmes). </p><p>Since 2010, students who enter pedagogical studies shall take a motivation test. The motivation test allows selecting the mostly motivated students. Future pedagogues with the best achievements receive an incentive – an additional target grant. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pre-school_and_pre-primary_education">Pre-school and pre-primary education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Lithuania&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Pre-school and pre-primary education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Pre-school education</b> under the pre-school education programme is provided to children from 1 to 6 years old. Institutional pre-school education is not compulsory and is provided upon parents' request. This kind of education can be compulsory in individual cases (to children from social risk families, etc.). Pre-school education is provided by public and private nurseries-kindergartens, kindergartens, and kindergartens-schools. </p><p><b>Pre-primary education</b> is provided for one year. Education is provided to 6-year-old (in exceptional cases – five-year-old) children and is intended to better prepare children for school entry. Education is free, universally available, but is not compulsory. Parents have the right to decide whether their six-year-old child should be educated under the pre-primary education programme or not. </p><p>Pre-primary education groups are established in kindergartens or schools. In remote villages, municipalities can establish such groups in community multi-functional centres or children can be brought by school buses free of charge to the nearest school, where such group has been established. The following flexible pre-primary group models are offered to municipalities: groups working a few days per week, at weekends, or during school holidays, groups of a camp type, etc. </p><p>Children attending pre-primary groups learn new skills which will be useful in school: to interact with age-mates and stranger adults and orient themselves in a new environment. The following competencies are mostly developed through games: social, health protection, world recognition, and artistic. </p><p>If a child is educated at home, their parents are informed about pre-primary education novelties and consulted on important child's education issues. Upon parents' request, children can be provided with special pedagogic and psychological assistance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structural_funding_problems_in_Lithuanian_education_system">Structural funding problems in Lithuanian education system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Lithuania&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Structural funding problems in Lithuanian education system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Regional disparities (high investments in largest cities, and lack of investments in other areas) is an issue in funding state institutions, including education. This creates difficulties on coordination on funding in different regions. <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission's</a> Audit flagged up the major problems regarding weak coordination at national, regional and local levels. Same audit noted the lack of a system for the recognition of non-formal and informal learning, insufficient information on learning opportunities and unclear funding priorities.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>School attendance rates are above EU average and school leave is less common than EU average. However, PISA report from 2010 found that Lithuanian results in math, science and reading were below OECD average.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PISA report from 2015 reconfirmed these findings.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Salaries are a major issue and a point of frequent debate. In 2017 Lithuanian teacher salaries were the lowest in EU, equalling about half of the Lithuanian construction worker salary.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Lithuanian employment data from 2017, average pre-tax salary of Lithuanian teachers is 404 euros.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 15% of the total teacher pool earn above 760 euros per month, pre-tax.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lithuanian teacher salaries are the lowest in the entire EU.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Low teacher salaries was the primary reason behind national teacher strikes in 2014,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2015<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A strike was planned in 2017, but it did not materialise.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, a protest was arranged at the end of 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-lrt.lt_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lrt.lt-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lithuanian universities are also notorious locally for low wages. In 2017, university researchers earned below 600 € a month.<sup id="cite_ref-lrt.lt_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lrt.lt-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The monthly salary of a professor is between 1150 and 1990 €, and for associate professors between 890 and 1320 €.<sup id="cite_ref-delfi.lt_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-delfi.lt-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lecturers earn between 553 and 1040 a month and assistants get 345-762 € per month.<sup id="cite_ref-delfi.lt_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-delfi.lt-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of Lithuanian professors supplement their income by having a second job, often as a taxi driver.<sup id="cite_ref-tv3.lt_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tv3.lt-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are reported cases of university professors with four part-time jobs.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other reported cases concern professors who emigrate because they cannot support themselves on their Lithuanian salary.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lithuanian higher education salaries are among EU's lowest and 90% of Lithuanian university staff are unhappy with their income and 70% consider going to strike.<sup id="cite_ref-tv3.lt_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tv3.lt-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Emigration among higher education professionals is rampant, but this is normal and to be expected according to <a href="/wiki/Viktoras_Pranckietis" title="Viktoras Pranckietis">Viktoras Pranckietis</a>, speaker of the house at <a href="/wiki/Seimas" title="Seimas">the Lithuanian parliament</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to parliamentarian <a href="/wiki/Mantas_Adom%C4%97nas" title="Mantas Adomėnas">Mantas Adomėnas</a>, problem with low salaries is well known, but education is not a politically prioritised matter in Lithuania.<sup id="cite_ref-lrt.lt_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lrt.lt-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Low salaries is one of the primary reasons why some areas in Lithuania are experiencing a massive shortage of qualified teachers.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Lithuanian parliament intends to reorganise the higher education system by reducing the number of universities in Lithuania.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There has been concerns of low education quality at some entities. In 2006, Mathematics and IT department at <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0iauliai_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Šiauliai University">Šiauliai University</a> marketed programs in <a href="/wiki/Esotericism" class="mw-redirect" title="Esotericism">esotericism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2012, Šiauliai university continued to offer courses in <a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">astrology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palmistry" title="Palmistry">palmistry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, Šiauliai University successfully silenced student protest regarding low education quality.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plans to reduce number of educational institutions have been criticised by university rectors and university associations<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but are moving forward.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On a national level, there are concerns regarding inefficient use of funds, lack of international collaboration and low funding for research and innovation.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, none of Lithuanian higher education organisations were involved in EU's largest research projects – <a href="/wiki/Graphene_Flagship" title="Graphene Flagship">Graphene Flagship</a>, <a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_Brain_Project" title="Human Brain Project">Human Brain Project</a> or others. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Lithuania&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><b><small><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/48px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/64px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Lithuania" title="Portal:Lithuania">Lithuania portal</a></small></b></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Lithuania&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKryptis" class="citation web cs1">Kryptis, Dizaino. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smm.lt/svietimo_bukle/docs/statistika/Statistikos_dep_LT_apskritys_2006.pdf">"Švietimo ir mokslo ministerija"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Smm.lt</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smm.lt&rft.atitle=%C5%A0vietimo+ir+mokslo+ministerija&rft.aulast=Kryptis&rft.aufirst=Dizaino&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smm.lt%2Fsvietimo_bukle%2Fdocs%2Fstatistika%2FStatistikos_dep_LT_apskritys_2006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Lithuania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4T-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-4T_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-4T_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJūratė_KiaupienėPetrauskas2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J%C5%ABrat%C4%97_Kiaupien%C4%97" title="Jūratė Kiaupienė">Jūratė Kiaupienė</a>; Petrauskas, Rimvydas (2009). <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lithuania_(book)" title="History of Lithuania (book)">Lietuvos istorija. Vol. IV</a></i>. Vilnius: Baltos lankos. pp. 145–147. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9955-23-239-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-9955-23-239-1"><bdi>978-9955-23-239-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lietuvos+istorija.+Vol.+IV&rft.place=Vilnius&rft.pages=145-147&rft.pub=Baltos+lankos&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-9955-23-239-1&rft.au=J%C5%ABrat%C4%97+Kiaupien%C4%97&rft.au=Petrauskas%2C+Rimvydas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Lithuania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ilab-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ilab_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ilab_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ilab_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ilab_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2001/lithuania.htm">"Lithuania"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080827233126/http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/TDA2001/lithuania.htm">Archived</a> 2008-08-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor (2001)</i>. <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_International_Labor_Affairs" title="Bureau of International Labor Affairs">Bureau of International Labor Affairs</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Labor" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Labor">U.S. Department of Labor</a> (2002). <i>This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IBE-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IBE_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IBE_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IBE_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IBE_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Publications/WDE/2010/pdf-versions/Lithuania.pdf">"World Data on Education: Lithuania"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. UNESCO-IBE. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bendraukime.lrytas.lt/man-rupi/2017/08/11/news/pedagogai-perspeja-liudnos-premjero-pranasystes-rudeni-gali-issipildyti-2196559/">the original</a> on 4 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=15min.lt&rft.atitle=Mokytoj%C5%B3+streikas%3A+svarbiausi+faktai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.15min.lt%2Fnaujiena%2Faktualu%2Fsvietimas%2Fmokytoju-streikas-svarbiausi-faktai-233-591297&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Lithuania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.15min.lt/naujiena/aktualu/svietimas/mokytoju-streikas-tesiasi-110-ugdymo-istaigu-233-590739">"Mokytojų streikas tęsiasi 110 ugdymo įstaigų"</a>. <i>15min.lt</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ve.lt&rft.atitle=Mokytojai+v%C4%97l+grasina+streiku&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ve.lt%2Fnaujienos%2Fvisuomene%2Fsvietimas%2Fmokytojai-vel-grasina-streiku-1583300%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Lithuania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lrt.lt-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lrt.lt_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lrt.lt_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lrt.lt_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lrt.lt/naujienos/lietuvoje/2/196318/neteke-kantrybes-destytojai-surenge-protesto-akcija">"Netekę kantrybės dėstytojai surengė protesto akciją - LRT"</a>. <i>Lrt.lt</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lrt.lt&rft.atitle=Netek%C4%99+kantryb%C4%97s+d%C4%97stytojai+sureng%C4%97+protesto+akcij%C4%85+-+LRT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrt.lt%2Fnaujienos%2Flietuvoje%2F2%2F196318%2Fneteke-kantrybes-destytojai-surenge-protesto-akcija&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Lithuania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-delfi.lt-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-delfi.lt_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-delfi.lt_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delfi.lt/projektai/archive/kiek-is-tiesu-uzdirba-lietuvos-destytojai-ir-moksliniai-darbuotojai.d?id=74299128">"Kiek iš tiesų uždirba Lietuvos dėstytojai ir moksliniai darbuotojai"</a>. <i>Delfi.lt</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Delfi.lt&rft.atitle=Kiek+i%C5%A1+ties%C5%B3+u%C5%BEdirba+Lietuvos+d%C4%97stytojai+ir+moksliniai+darbuotojai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.delfi.lt%2Fprojektai%2Farchive%2Fkiek-is-tiesu-uzdirba-lietuvos-destytojai-ir-moksliniai-darbuotojai.d%3Fid%3D74299128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Lithuania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tv3.lt-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tv3.lt_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tv3.lt_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tv3.lt/naujiena/934883/lietuvos-destytojai-bei-mokslininkai-atvirai-prabilo-kaip-prisiduria-prie-algos">"Lietuvos dėstytojai bei mokslininkai atvirai prabilo, kaip prisiduria prie algos"</a>. <i>Tv3.lt</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tv3.lt&rft.atitle=Lietuvos+d%C4%97stytojai+bei+mokslininkai+atvirai+prabilo%2C+kaip+prisiduria+prie+algos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tv3.lt%2Fnaujiena%2F934883%2Flietuvos-destytojai-bei-mokslininkai-atvirai-prabilo-kaip-prisiduria-prie-algos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Lithuania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180104073537/https://lietuvosdiena.lrytas.lt/aktualijos/2017/11/16/news/absurdas-destytojas-dar-turi-primoketi-kad-dirba-3528911/">"Dėstytojas pasakė, kiek uždirba: turi net keturis darbus"</a>. <i>Lietuvosdiena.lrytas.lt</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lietuvosdiena.lrytas.lt/aktualijos/2017/11/16/news/absurdas-destytojas-dar-turi-primoketi-kad-dirba-3528911/">the original</a> on 4 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lietuvosdiena.lrytas.lt&rft.atitle=D%C4%97stytojas+pasak%C4%97%2C+kiek+u%C5%BEdirba%3A+turi+net+keturis+darbus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flietuvosdiena.lrytas.lt%2Faktualijos%2F2017%2F11%2F16%2Fnews%2Fabsurdas-destytojas-dar-turi-primoketi-kad-dirba-3528911%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Lithuania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180104073510/https://gyvbudas.lrytas.lt/likimai/2016/05/22/news/is-darbo-atleista-penkiasdesimtmete-isvykusi-i-londona-atjaunejo-877472/">"Iš darbo atleista penkiasdešimtmetė išvykusi į Londoną atjaunėjo"</a>. <i>Gyvbudas.lrytas.lt</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gyvbudas.lrytas.lt/likimai/2016/05/22/news/is-darbo-atleista-penkiasdesimtmete-isvykusi-i-londona-atjaunejo-877472/">the original</a> on 4 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gyvbudas.lrytas.lt&rft.atitle=I%C5%A1+darbo+atleista+penkiasde%C5%A1imtmet%C4%97+i%C5%A1vykusi+%C4%AF+London%C4%85+atjaun%C4%97jo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgyvbudas.lrytas.lt%2Flikimai%2F2016%2F05%2F22%2Fnews%2Fis-darbo-atleista-penkiasdesimtmete-isvykusi-i-londona-atjaunejo-877472%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Lithuania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrunalas" class="citation web cs1">Brunalas, Benas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/education/pranckietis-nesureiksmina-destytoju-emigracijos-kaip-vaziavo-destyti-kitur-taip-ir-toliau-vaziuos.d?id=76629331">"Pranckietis nesureikšmina dėstytojų emigracijos: kaip važiavo dėstyti kitur, taip ir toliau važiuos"</a>. <i>Delfi.lt</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Delfi.lt&rft.atitle=Pranckietis+nesureik%C5%A1mina+d%C4%97stytoj%C5%B3+emigracijos%3A+kaip+va%C5%BEiavo+d%C4%97styti+kitur%2C+taip+ir+toliau+va%C5%BEiuos&rft.aulast=Brunalas&rft.aufirst=Benas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.delfi.lt%2Fnews%2Fdaily%2Feducation%2Fpranckietis-nesureiksmina-destytoju-emigracijos-kaip-vaziavo-destyti-kitur-taip-ir-toliau-vaziuos.d%3Fid%3D76629331&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Lithuania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tv3.lt/naujiena/922290/sumaistis-mokyklose-masiskai-truksta-mokytoju">"Sumaištis mokyklose – masiškai trūksta mokytojų"</a>. <i>Tv3.lt</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tv3.lt&rft.atitle=Sumai%C5%A1tis+mokyklose+%E2%80%93+masi%C5%A1kai+tr%C5%ABksta+mokytoj%C5%B3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tv3.lt%2Fnaujiena%2F922290%2Fsumaistis-mokyklose-masiskai-truksta-mokytoju&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Lithuania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/education/perspeja-siu-specialistu-lietuvoje-jau-ieskoma-masiskai.d?id=75466741">"Perspėja: šių specialistų Lietuvoje jau ieškoma masiškai"</a>. <i>Delfi.lt</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Delfi.lt&rft.atitle=Persp%C4%97ja%3A+%C5%A1i%C5%B3+specialist%C5%B3+Lietuvoje+jau+ie%C5%A1koma+masi%C5%A1kai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.delfi.lt%2Fnews%2Fdaily%2Feducation%2Fperspeja-siu-specialistu-lietuvoje-jau-ieskoma-masiskai.d%3Fid%3D75466741&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Lithuania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/education/klaipedoje-ir-siauliuose-nerimas-del-vietos-universitetu-likimo.d?id=73436936">"Klaipėdoje ir Šiauliuose – nerimas dėl vietos universitetų likimo"</a>. <i>Delfi.lt</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Delfi.lt&rft.atitle=Klaip%C4%97doje+ir+%C5%A0iauliuose+%E2%80%93+nerimas+d%C4%97l+vietos+universitet%C5%B3+likimo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.delfi.lt%2Fnews%2Fdaily%2Feducation%2Fklaipedoje-ir-siauliuose-nerimas-del-vietos-universitetu-likimo.d%3Fid%3D73436936&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Lithuania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171127125954/https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/education/lietuvoje-rengiami-burimo-bakalaurai-ir-magistrai.d?id=10316904">"Lietuvoje rengiami būrimo "bakalaurai" ir "magistrai" - DELFI"</a>. <i>Delfi.lt</i>. 27 November 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/education/lietuvoje-rengiami-burimo-bakalaurai-ir-magistrai.d?id=10316904">the original</a> on 27 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skrastas.lt/?data=2006-08-10&rub=1065924812&id=1155047210">the original</a> on 2017-11-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ve.lt/naujienos/jaunimas/jaunimo-ekspresas/studentai-atsiskaito-uz-delnu-linijas-727484/">the original</a> on 2017-11-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Studentai+atsiskaito+u%C5%BE+deln%C5%B3+linijas&rft.date=2017-11-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ve.lt%2Fnaujienos%2Fjaunimas%2Fjaunimo-ekspresas%2Fstudentai-atsiskaito-uz-delnu-linijas-727484%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Lithuania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171127130709/https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/education/siauliu-universitete-bureju-kursas.d?id=58422124">"Šiaulių universitete – būrėjų kursas - DELFI"</a>. 27 November 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/education/siauliu-universitete-bureju-kursas.d?id=58422124">the original</a> on 27 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Delfi.lt&rft.atitle=%C5%A0iauli%C5%B3+universitete+slopintas+mai%C5%A1tas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.delfi.lt%2Fnews%2Fdaily%2Feducation%2Fsiauliu-universitete-slopintas-maistas.d%3Fid%3D43828763&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Lithuania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180104192311/https://www.lzinios.lt/lzinios/lietuva/universitetu-optimizacijai-truksta-aiskios-vyriausybes-vizijos/239332">"Universitetų optimizacijai trūksta aiškios Vyriausybės vizijos"</a>. <i>Delfi.lt</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lzinios.lt/lzinios/lietuva/universitetu-optimizacijai-truksta-aiskios-vyriausybes-vizijos/239332">the original</a> on 4 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Delfi.lt&rft.atitle=Universitet%C5%B3+optimizacijai+tr%C5%ABksta+ai%C5%A1kios+Vyriausyb%C4%97s+vizijos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lzinios.lt%2Flzinios%2Flietuva%2Funiversitetu-optimizacijai-truksta-aiskios-vyriausybes-vizijos%2F239332&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Lithuania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diena.lt/naujienos/lietuva/salies-pulsas/aukstuju-mokyklu-reforma-finiso-tiesiojoje-o-kas-po-818066">"Aukštųjų mokyklų reforma – finišo tiesiojoje: o kas po to?"</a>. <i>Diena.lt</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Diena.lt&rft.atitle=Auk%C5%A1t%C5%B3j%C5%B3+mokykl%C5%B3+reforma+%E2%80%93+fini%C5%A1o+tiesiojoje%3A+o+kas+po+to%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diena.lt%2Fnaujienos%2Flietuva%2Fsalies-pulsas%2Faukstuju-mokyklu-reforma-finiso-tiesiojoje-o-kas-po-818066&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Lithuania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerseckas" class="citation web cs1">Verseckas, Darius. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vz.lt/informacines-technologijos-telekomunikacijos/2017/06/22/10-issukiu-lietuvos-studiju-mokslo-ir-inovaciju-sistemai">"Aukštojo mokslo apžvalga: trūksta tyrėjų ir efektyvaus lėšų panaudojimo"</a>. <i>Vz.lt</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vz.lt&rft.atitle=Auk%C5%A1tojo+mokslo+ap%C5%BEvalga%3A+tr%C5%ABksta+tyr%C4%97j%C5%B3+ir+efektyvaus+l%C4%97%C5%A1%C5%B3+panaudojimo&rft.aulast=Verseckas&rft.aufirst=Darius&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vz.lt%2Finformacines-technologijos-telekomunikacijos%2F2017%2F06%2F22%2F10-issukiu-lietuvos-studiju-mokslo-ir-inovaciju-sistemai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Lithuania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Lithuania&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smm.lt/web/en/">Ministry of Education and Science, Lithuania</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skvc.lt/en/?id=0">Center for Quality assessment in Higher Education, Lithuania</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Publications/WDE/2010/pdf-versions/Lithuania.pdf">World Data on Education: Lithuania, UNESCO-IBE(2010)</a> - Overview of the education system</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/go.php?q=World+TVET+Database&ct=LTU">Vocational Education in Lithuania, UNESCO-UNEVOC(2014)</a> - Overview of the vocational education system</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Education_in_Europe" title="Template:Education in Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Education_in_Europe" title="Template talk:Education in Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Education_in_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Education in Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Education_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Europe">Education in Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Albania" title="Education in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Armenia" title="Education in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Austria" title="Education in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Azerbaijan" title="Education in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Belarus" title="Education in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Belgium" title="Education in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Education in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Bulgaria" title="Education in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Croatia" title="Education in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Cyprus" title="Education in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Education in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Denmark" title="Education in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Estonia" title="Education in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Finland" title="Education in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_France" title="Education in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Education in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Germany" title="Education in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Greece" title="Education in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Hungary" title="Education in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Iceland" title="Education in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Education in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Italy" title="Education in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Kazakhstan" title="Education in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Latvia" title="Education in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Liechtenstein" title="Education in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Luxembourg" title="Education in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Malta" title="Education in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Moldova" title="Education in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Montenegro" title="Education in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Netherlands" title="Education in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_North_Macedonia" title="Education in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Norway" title="Education in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Poland" title="Education in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Portugal" title="Education in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Romania" title="Education in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Russia" title="Education in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_San_Marino" title="Education in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Serbia" title="Education in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Slovakia" title="Education in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Slovenia" title="Education in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Spain" title="Education in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Sweden" title="Education in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Switzerland" title="Education in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Turkey" title="Education in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Ukraine" title="Education in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Education in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Kosovo" title="Education in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Education in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_%C3%85land" title="Education in Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Education in the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Gibraltar" title="Education in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Guernsey" title="Education in Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Education in the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Jersey" title="Education in Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lithuania_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lithuania_topics" title="Template:Lithuania topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lithuania_topics" title="Template talk:Lithuania topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lithuania_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lithuania topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lithuania_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Lithuania-related_articles" title="Index of Lithuania-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lithuania" title="History of Lithuania">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balts" title="Balts">Balts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania_proper" title="Lithuania proper">Lithuania proper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania_Minor" title="Lithuania Minor">Lithuania Minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand Duchy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lithuania_(1219%E2%80%931295)" title="History of Lithuania (1219–1295)">1219–1295</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Duchy of Lithuania">Duchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lithuania" title="Kingdom of Lithuania">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Lithuania" title="Christianization of Lithuania">Christianization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Crusade" title="Lithuanian Crusade">Lithuanian Crusade</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Revival and<br />independence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_press_ban" title="Lithuanian press ban">Press ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Revival" title="Lithuanian National Revival">National Revival</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Seimas_of_Vilnius" title="Great Seimas of Vilnius">Great Seimas of Vilnius</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amber_Declaration" title="Amber Declaration">Amber Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Independence_of_Lithuania" title="Act of Independence of Lithuania">Act of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Wars_of_Independence" title="Lithuanian Wars of Independence">Wars of Independence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Lithuanian–Soviet War">Lithuanian–Soviet War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_War" title="Polish–Lithuanian War">Polish–Lithuanian War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Polish_coup_attempt_in_Lithuania" title="1919 Polish coup attempt in Lithuania">1919 Polish coup d'état attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_Lithuanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1926 Lithuanian coup d'état">1926 coup d'état</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">WWII and<br />occupations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Occupation of the Baltic states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_(1940)" title="Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)">by the Soviet Union (1940)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Lithuania_during_World_War_II" title="German occupation of Lithuania during World War II">by Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_(1944)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1944)">by the Soviet Union (1944)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Lithuania" title="The Holocaust in Lithuania">Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_Lithuania_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance in Lithuania during World War II">Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic">Second Soviet republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_war_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Guerrilla war in the Baltic states">Guerrilla war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_partisans" title="Lithuanian partisans">Lithuanian partisans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_states_under_Soviet_rule_(1944%E2%80%931991)" title="Baltic states under Soviet rule (1944–1991)">Baltic states under Soviet rule (1944–1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Diplomatic_Service" title="Lithuanian Diplomatic Service">Government-in-exile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Restoration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%85j%C5%ABdis" title="Sąjūdis">Reform Movement (Sąjūdis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution#Lithuania" title="Singing Revolution">Singing Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Way" title="Baltic Way">Baltic Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_the_Re-Establishment_of_the_State_of_Lithuania" title="Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania">Act of Re-Establishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_economic_blockade_of_Lithuania" title="Soviet economic blockade of Lithuania">Soviet economic blockade of Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_Events_(Lithuania)" class="mw-redirect" title="January Events (Lithuania)">January Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Lithuanian_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2003 Lithuanian European Union membership referendum">2003 Lithuanian European Union membership referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2004 enlargement of the European Union">EU accession</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="528" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Lithuania" title="Geography of Lithuania">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Lithuania" title="List of cities in Lithuania">Cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">capital</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Lithuania#Climate" title="Geography of Lithuania">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Lithuania" title="List of extreme points of Lithuania">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Lithuania" title="Flora of Lithuania">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forests_in_Lithuania" title="Forests in Lithuania">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Lithuania" title="List of lakes of Lithuania">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_parks_of_Lithuania" title="List of regional parks of Lithuania">Regional parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Lithuania" title="List of rivers of Lithuania">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa%C5%82ki_Gap" title="Suwałki Gap">Suwałki Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_Lithuania" title="List of towns in Lithuania">Towns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Lithuania" title="Politics of Lithuania">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Lithuania" title="Administrative divisions of Lithuania">Administrative divisions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Lithuania" title="Counties of Lithuania">counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Lithuania" title="Municipalities of Lithuania">municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elderships_of_Lithuania" title="Elderships of Lithuania">elderships</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Lithuania" title="Constitution of Lithuania">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Lithuania" title="Constitutional Court of Lithuania">Constitutional Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Lithuania" title="Elections in Lithuania">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Lithuania" title="Foreign relations of Lithuania">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Lithuania" title="Government of Lithuania">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lithuania" title="Prime Minister of Lithuania">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Lithuania" title="Law of Lithuania">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Lithuania">Law enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Lithuania" title="Human rights in Lithuania">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Lithuania">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Lithuania" title="List of political parties in Lithuania">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Lithuania#Republic_of_Lithuania_(1918–1940)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Lithuania">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seimas" title="Seimas"><i>Seimas</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">parliament</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_Seimas" title="List of speakers of the Seimas">Speaker</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Lithuania">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Land_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Land Force">Land Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Naval_Force" title="Lithuanian Naval Force">Naval Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Air_Force" title="Lithuanian Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Special_Operations_Force" title="Lithuanian Special Operations Force">Special Operations Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Lithuania" title="Economy of Lithuania">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Lithuania" title="Agriculture in Lithuania">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Lithuania" title="List of banks in Lithuania">Banks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Lithuania" title="Bank of Lithuania">Central bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-Residency_of_Lithuania" title="E-Residency of Lithuania">e-Residency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Lithuania" title="Energy in Lithuania">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_euro_coins" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian euro coins">Euro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Lithuania" title="Telecommunications in Lithuania">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Lithuania" title="Transport in Lithuania">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Lithuania" title="List of airports in Lithuania">airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Railways" title="Lithuanian Railways">rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Lithuania#Lithuanian_road_system" title="Transport in Lithuania">roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Klaip%C4%97da" title="Port of Klaipėda">seaport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Lithuania" title="Tourism in Lithuania">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Lithuania" title="Category:Society of Lithuania">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Lithuania" title="Demographics of Lithuania">Demographics</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Lithuania" title="List of universities and colleges in Lithuania">universities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_Lithuania" title="Ethnic minorities in Lithuania">Ethnic minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of Lithuania">Ethnographic regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Lithuania" title="Health in Lithuania">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanians" title="Lithuanians">Lithuanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lithuania" title="Religion in Lithuania">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Lithuania" title="Culture of Lithuania">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_calendar" title="Lithuanian calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Lithuania" title="Cinema of Lithuania">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_cuisine" title="Lithuanian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lithuanian_culture" title="History of Lithuanian culture">Cultural history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_regions_of_Lithuania" title="Cultural regions of Lithuania">Cultural regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_design" title="Lithuanian design">Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnographic_Lithuania" title="Ethnographic Lithuania">Ethnographic Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_literature" title="Lithuanian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Lithuania" title="Music of Lithuania">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Registry_of_Cultural_Property_(Lithuania)" title="Registry of Cultural Property (Lithuania)">Monuments of Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_mythology" title="Lithuanian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Lithuania" title="Name of Lithuania">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Lithuania" title="Public holidays in Lithuania">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Lithuania" title="Sport in Lithuania">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Lithuania" title="National symbols of Lithuania">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tauti%C5%A1ka_giesm%C4%97" title="Tautiška giesmė">anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania" title="Coat of arms of Lithuania">coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Lithuania" title="Flag of Lithuania">flag</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a 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