CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135519a1ea2d4a5',cH: '0Ks7UQePQ91rN3mSkqt77.Y5b0bQiUUCfQrE1pe3XAo-1739790498-1.2.1.1-gTI1CUv1F8QTfjOaY2kAG0YmDj9HYKEN0wwpy6dv4AXkQgzfaWtOPfdumoetPesr',cUPMDTk: "\/15320\/apa?__cf_chl_tk=8OjJR67aAMiVtsTU5OHxoQVkPyHqK1RVQ5XpZYKtYI0-1739790498-1.0.1.1-OLM9dLgz0nYOKTBEtqxNM8AkTXrMsKzzren6LOkScy0",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739790498',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/15320\/apa?__cf_chl_f_tk=8OjJR67aAMiVtsTU5OHxoQVkPyHqK1RVQ5XpZYKtYI0-1739790498-1.0.1.1-OLM9dLgz0nYOKTBEtqxNM8AkTXrMsKzzren6LOkScy0",md: "6Fk8R0MXvMsvPLaa2_ixRaAKrsoaVrO_WTIzsjTBNOE-1739790498-1.2.1.1-r_VzFa6neL.UqYiI11dkNqJJg2dS5Y1kGpjT81.zbFUAu4tYc..obimAVdDv7gwlmCl.qz8Yv2RAHOLg40UO5Nbdh1A.lMtmpRGfz9xyLXVaFS3GgfTyUQ5fk7nOirQtymRqpyOljjgPVE7c4sl_s4CpUpCvTdYxf_uf1ONP4tcNMbuwdcYnNWDd4XnbbwHoG8NKU.GybFJtXL8piqydrHAzprhHBsHIlBuNb7.2F2kdgEFsqPSGZiJ3Bm3XLrlJHCw0_TLi5epOr3vqVe2rePUI5hYDJzLIhyyd6KKJgInNFuH1gt9xtzkfo6xzkLD7pXbY.gZ.mBHb.pzfKN9NcD36zOaWPrUeuh8NbdU17CseHI3aKcvx4ka0NXacMGpIZ5xp6DgZKaNA6mqLbGNKIS_ad6702imjPY23EYpNr8kwKXAAuH7L2NjdAk8MbDuaAiC39InUkOxnbVdbQ4xqOG8vuCOU67RRsPwTeujXEfDJrE.O90Ko.l1jTUJcj4lR7qJ5IbpicysLyzGbdCd9NnTnUd7qcl7PFqugzRgHaHFINbjWo36_9CInGAwM32OOUapoDLH6OkZ_0w.hArWR1EE2zt8DSY9YOoYP_DMDny_ofd0YgksZ7D5HJIxmvq2VKi5TPnp_bnXYruZdxhiRcQaCrAAuZCtguCxs0vhZQxyRRq_WH2UEucmnFjvAvyuW8VNbfk3Dycmf97tmdQfutkfu9baXy03Om65SizY7iw2veeEWRAxr7_fac7BMFRgjsk4CvN1sh9Qyx7ypTMYFShLuo9BfSPvXiiqPq8BOxHi5givLTVa1WrDBQNod_d1AQ3o4H_K6EJ0_iadWOFQDOJzC5cAECCjw5pJtbF_o3mkxYVFaxhdDDwrQEH1NFjTeTBWlab7RUCRLQ4uwTPk3wHCBqe0_sdsMVrtskzNxtSNAdXX7nT8uOz6wGz9AbtFlzAGusPf6_jHK9ymjv3rQs3nacQ3uo2KyQtWtYOVwVuQotPOavg4eSubvNoeMXPMsxpLjHQTc7f7gj7p1ozuC.xuBhKRxl7gBlh0P1q1dRoSBZO1QTKk1QI9nVLVXw2iDobSEKw88gkG851JrJUN1Dd.jTeXO8u3nRU8wqfJh1cs39xEQvnt.UsKsR.zdf5D5427C5xxrYsG_NVsgtTyWXzREQET8dRciI8_Kd_FDXYZhOik08K2AnJSk7rnteEvU_M3lPtlpz4XzM6nEY9uqRrUcWlhtwyd2QQxwnhF7b6CQwbx4Cxy7uJus2FxEg40Vcabra96B7hLTmPQpjtuaNHTIJ0bcO6X83brTPh8JaF7YEFqH81i5yRaVyMi7hQURYv6oTfXCW3eS350cIaP7Z.y91llOSHgpwiJxsFHBeYBqiGNJW237efKsrODK0xL1yY__KbKSSRMdiyDshS9ZVZNVN7ihs5lXNm.Z_N1A1O_4jGYQi7sbBqBuP4amKi6aq1CyKMU0WWKRkeUEdxvHzIHSyMexGnOGUAvNl607awlsohtmmcvfWDweoh9Seucg6uERjtBgQEbQlMjdZvzrCQnyyDrjxVLi7PfLp0v.chsXcq39KbycAuZMRycPk38usnnC1DRANJ3S7VgqW6QM0hRdegXlJm1J1L0j3HrjcRSAnpPDe2E1By2vQ8EZxo1XbNIGKFdCbc5V5jjlOQapJhMm47H7qWMOEoYQV54plQUCODQsACmm_SLP6yXQSEdqJIQ1X9CaxO9bXp9vvaqgdfpmJHV7W.4IR_PoppzdDe9.JHinbz2bb620wBgiIRq.OMNmeZgH5DqvRxSOJyiKindbnXdPrESz8Lhaz4tvH8boxjA7DjTpR7FUgcsX7xHvpuHIVJvYE1351djZ7L4fP6AQLwrjdTHl4LuHvB53z9w",mdrd: "k05rBx30jgIoewtpw.exWyO4cin3GgPdvvN8uYsoJ14-1739790498-1.2.1.1-reFRb_SBNgZMzxlPUfdn3dBVYKnqdVVG8Sp07bA2A.Ar1WJGmvRo18HyrArs0xxSMoyKJd5OandpYwXbPUyNAEytKukHCJZpCzKYc0vZeaP49r6HfYWoADKzSmHcEcIBGx7Gf1zXoHRacqo389xtL_yo3W1RQqJtphKD3JopITGkII.2Anus0DtcWZUw29RFIq74ONr070NkUi2EZgFncYckEBO2xhc1VFZT8riDYJQEDQWqY03sZXrg00Z8nqq13XzZc.aDZY17ecxfsp0QRXRraaqPa8sDeAPBYUN1JnkpBi.HW2Tn7aOFwleGRHioARokDdgJy_c_Duk6TUx6VAWRMNskRHTsrqVNX.YFkbChnw858RrjX0Scl3GoNroZd75vpGy17uwYPFobw._c1CGTj9jXSlLOaqr3K.4IPi7OCbu3udI3qFXBG1258midM.XrY905MoB7qrUkTyTYw9ILwUH39HltJjb7Thp31bi7hicMwpDnmGikr8GGDofJMvqeC6NQTyI7vB8QktQBXSP_QfBg60.3pBhLZYxGO06B2i.FilIn_P5QzrOpm6O_tFJGclKRVsBFMy.3WcRdB72NPAUppEuv_MK2Ka1g9EEQQaMstzmlU6ToA6aVabO6Y7QnjOMfk2cNFp_Km_VpL4IdjzHgcHFeYEM3Gnu3FWfcOjV5WIoBdrDy4SGZqJoXem4p0mEeG4AASiO.tpNiBvm3ovBHbs7iAK041A0JdITG5hZvgVOzyKyGd7DpcxcBwqZhUCRFwmf6JVj3zUM1ZJz.KkTbYe204da13IuanVR7SYiBmBgBCduk3sumJ_PrW60wJknG0UDEyYkD3hHoun5ZLWQYxbER3w9hIBNMKnfjF6z3Zv03cK7fnzIAqWfM4IlB2r5WNXXlxVt5CbdB3DsPFb2GwrFAg7T.LyIcQMgXHxXE6cNOrceLEZEsoZwATSMHpML7Y6cGLJWVN7wZzfPuMSYuLC35CNOvmdhcPFsRu.TW6UPCVGxcmA0vJT7PWeXkKd7n_3OkrFCRgE3l2L49bhMQ_vIkwP1JQw5UyolYYfa7wUXAj.4HHYpPYFOPSeQ0vNkcKLcZHWz3cfmwM6mrcxYl7K36vRB7Mhl7gveRHwS9t2zI.ti18gl5.ucxc3zVPhuGQnn0tT0NSO6QZtaqtmRZopCBiit7Axuu2xbcqdWpJydDrZtz1GAHNBHRpByEqmzFjXpjANgjzuwN1hza9b_4L9s5XUYAUTq1_rQE0TjYJd9LJag3GPgOkqda2.Eh8fhdW8_dWB0.6qNcR5vRPjFNxbK_jbaGD_lCM0cAxx5cnZYvSxLFFPIM526N3t0Gn81uavRcrRTv_2jlPvZkYSGivhNNlEKUwOGlLBoRwDY.JNMKPjKYbz5WPQoYzVnRIfn6G6YIKqUikLtoTPxB63RZFzB4SD_p4rqnjAzzLZBZosiF9.WdNXJuaGHfbWrUUbgASZHxwMepO.u62knW8CETUszD2U35Vx6ZBq9pHjD8LxQHxl4kb3UhOD8ZyrpXxDqNhdRBF6NFJMyvoK9C1cNljr56M6hISTFJS6UY3CKLma5Cz12IUVVaKkvK9nxrPW7TUCfp53bXWtP9fM.dgPaKBWQfXMlsOpM_1VFoU7yNEeTH3_MlsJxi9g3M2uHZ2w2nkw2BcWPYl40pcHCCGcxsPCKrMEjhcvde8PCrraCkHQBKYmXYUSaM5R1LCivvlzetqiYcGPtRO3fca_6.vecBFUvN9rXPPKPVMXS9QZ_bNqbkyFqsFq4YIWVYh1IVjSaHavacNkA6p9lpclQAAK0ryAbE0oLL7mOn1wjwwVUIbOu8rKFVCFpIznTSoFNuANIKff23hF5UmEMTpgxe_rNpmxn37kAKG06IwQQVOQ73Y90nNkvDsye53dhFsZiLbKpeEgwloNtjnbOuAPxiwPm4RG0RKLAkHuIE..KtkTjVkw_cxrDeZIZGvy9MjcU_zxPcM1h4wkjYMuLokw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135519a1ea2d4a5';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/15320\/apa?__cf_chl_rt_tk=8OjJR67aAMiVtsTU5OHxoQVkPyHqK1RVQ5XpZYKtYI0-1739790498-1.0.1.1-OLM9dLgz0nYOKTBEtqxNM8AkTXrMsKzzren6LOkScy0" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>