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صدر نشین - آزاد دائرۃ المعارف، ویکیپیڈیا
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li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist-wrap"> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ur-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6486126">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")left 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHellinger2001" class="citation book cs1">Marlis Hellinger، مدیر (2001)۔ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/genderacrosslang00hell"><i>Gender across languages: The Linguistic Representation of Women and Men (IMPACT: Studies in Language and Society)</i></a>۔ Amsterdam: Benjamins۔ ص <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/genderacrosslang00hell/page/n139">125</a>۔ <a href="https://ur-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="بین الاقوامی معیاری کتابی عدد">ISBN</a>:<a href="https://ur-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84/90-272-1841-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="خاص:کتابی وسائل/90-272-1841-2"><bdi>90-272-1841-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gender+across+languages%3A+The+Linguistic+Representation+of+Women+and+Men+%28IMPACT%3A+Studies+in+Language+and+Society%29&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=Benjamins&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=90-272-1841-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgenderacrosslang00hell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fur.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-dictionary2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ur-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-dictionary2_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6486126"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/chairperson">"Chairperson"</a>۔ Merriam-Webster۔ 2019-01-07 کو اصل سے <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107001040/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/chairperson">آرکائیو کیا گیا</a><span class="reference-accessdate">۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ <span class="nowrap">2014-01-10</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chairperson&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fchairperson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fur.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ur-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6486126"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.chambersharrap.co.uk/chambers/features/chref/chref.py/main?query%3DModerator%26title%3D21st">"moderator"</a>۔ <i><a href="https://ur-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Chambers_21st_Century_Dictionary&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Chambers 21st Century Dictionary (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Chambers 21st Century Dictionary</a> via Search Chambers</i>۔ Edinburgh: <a href="https://ur-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Chambers_Harrap&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Chambers Harrap (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Chambers Harrap</a>۔ 2019-01-07 کو اصل سے <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107001043/http://www.chambersharrap.co.uk/chambers/features/chref/chref.py/main?query%3DModerator%26title%3D21st">آرکائیو کیا گیا</a><span class="reference-accessdate">۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ <span class="nowrap">2018-08-20</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chambers+21st+Century+Dictionary+via+Search+Chambers&rft.atitle=moderator&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chambersharrap.co.uk%2Fchambers%2Ffeatures%2Fchref%2Fchref.py%2Fmain%3Fquery%3DModerator%26title%3D21st&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fur.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ur-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Although <i>convener</i> means someone who summons (convenes) a meeting, the convener may take the chair. The <i><a href="https://ur-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%B1%DA%88_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="اوکسفرڈ انگریزی لغت">اوکسفرڈ انگریزی لغت</a></i> (2nd edition, 1989) offers this citation: 1833 Act 3–4 Will. IV, c. 46 § 43 "The convener, who shall preside at such committee, shall be entitled to a casting vote." This meaning is most commonly found in assemblies with Scottish heritage.</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div><!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐b766959bd‐pxzfp Cached time: 20250216173803 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.116 seconds Real time usage: 0.138 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 316/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 6163/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 158/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 12471/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.070/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3310711/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 128.665 1 -total 96.58% 124.266 1 سانچہ:حوالہ_جات 71.60% 92.120 1 سانچہ:Cite_book 9.32% 11.989 2 سانچہ:Cite_web 1.78% 2.290 1 سانچہ:دیگر_نام 1.51% 1.949 1 سانچہ:Main_other --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key urwiki:pcache:792504:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20250216173803 and revision id 4438091. 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A6%25D9%258A%25D8%25B3_%25D9%2585%25D8%25AC%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A5%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A9" title="رئيس مجلس الإدارة – عربی" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رئيس مجلس الإدارة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عربی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A6%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3_%25D9%2587%25DB%258C%25D8%25A6%25D8%25AA_%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1%25D9%2587" title="رئیس هیئت مدیره – فارسی" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رئیس هیئت مدیره" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="فارسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chair_(officer)" title="Chair (officer) – انگریزی" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chair (officer)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="انگریزی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%259A%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A8" title="চেয়ারম্যান – بنگلہ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চেয়ারম্যান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="بنگلہ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%25C3%25BA-se%25CC%258Dk" title="Chú-se̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chú-se̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2588%25D1%258B%25D0%25BD%25D1%258F_(%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0)" title="Старшыня (пасада) – بیلاروسی" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Старшыня (пасада)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="بیلاروسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2585%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B7" title="अध्यक्ष – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अध्यक्ष" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D3%25B3%25C3%25A7%25C4%2595" title="Ертӳçĕ – چوواش" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ертӳçĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="چوواش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%25C5%2599edseda" title="Předseda – چیک" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Předseda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چیک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sachigaro" title="Sachigaro – شونا" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Sachigaro" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="شونا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadeirydd" title="Cadeirydd – ویلش" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cadeirydd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ویلش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formand" title="Formand – ڈینش" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Formand" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ڈینش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorsitzender" title="Vorsitzender – جرمن" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vorsitzender" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="جرمن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foarsitter" title="Foarsitter – مغربی فریسیئن" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Foarsitter" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="مغربی فریسیئن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25ED%259A%258C%25EC%259E%25A5" title="회장 – کوریائی" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="회장" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="کوریائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2585%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B7" title="अध्यक्ष – ہندی" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अध्यक्ष" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ہندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketua" title="Ketua – انڈونیثیائی" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ketua" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="انڈونیثیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forma%25C3%25B0ur" title="Formaður – آئس لینڈک" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Formaður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="آئس لینڈک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2599%25D7%2595%25D7%25A9%25D7%2591_%25D7%25A8%25D7%2590%25D7%25A9" title="יושב ראש – عبرانی" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יושב ראש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="عبرانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%2585%25E0%25B2%25A7%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25AF%25E0%25B2%2595%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25B7" title="ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷ – کنّاڈا" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="کنّاڈا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirmininkas" title="Pirmininkas – لیتھوینین" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pirmininkas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="لیتھوینین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%2585%25E0%25B4%25A6%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25A7%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B7%25E0%25B5%25BB" title="അദ്ധ്യക്ഷൻ – مالایالم" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അദ്ധ്യക്ഷൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="مالایالم" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengerusi" title="Pengerusi – مالے" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pengerusi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="مالے" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voorzitter" title="Voorzitter – ڈچ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Voorzitter" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ڈچ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2585%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B7" title="अध्यक्ष – نیپالی" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अध्यक्ष" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="نیپالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25BC%259A%25E9%2595%25B7" title="会長 – جاپانی" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="会長" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="جاپانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styreleder" title="Styreleder – نارویجین بوکمل" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Styreleder" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="نارویجین بوکمل" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styreleiar" title="Styreleiar – نارویجین نینورسک" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Styreleiar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="نارویجین نینورسک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25B8%25E0%25A8%25AD%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25AA%25E0%25A8%25A4%25E0%25A9%2580" title="ਸਭਾਪਤੀ – پنجابی" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਭਾਪਤੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="پنجابی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25D9%258F%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C_%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25DD%25A8" title="کُرسی واݨ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کُرسی واݨ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przewodnicz%25C4%2585cy" title="Przewodniczący – پولش" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Przewodniczący" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="پولش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C" title="Председатель – روسی" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Председатель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="روسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kryetari" title="Kryetari – البانی" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kryetari" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="البانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairperson" title="Chairperson – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chairperson" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predseda" title="Predseda – سلوواک" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Predseda" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="سلوواک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B3%25DB%2595%25D8%25B1%25DB%2586%25DA%25A9" title="سەرۆک – سینٹرل کردش" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەرۆک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="سینٹرل کردش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puheenjohtaja" title="Puheenjohtaja – فینیش" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Puheenjohtaja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="فینیش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordf%25C3%25B6rande" title="Ordförande – سویڈش" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ordförande" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="سویڈش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%259B%25E0%25B1%2588%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B1%258D%25E2%2580%258C%25E0%25B0%25AA%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25B8%25E0%25B0%25A8%25E0%25B1%258D" title="ఛైర్పర్సన్ – تیلگو" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఛైర్పర్సన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="تیلگو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581" title="Раис – تاجک" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Раис" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="تاجک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%25C5%259Fkan_(i%25C5%259F_d%25C3%25BCnyas%25C4%25B1)" title="Başkan (iş dünyası) – ترکی" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Başkan (iş dünyası)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ترکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0_(%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0)" title="Голова (посада) – یوکرینیائی" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Голова (посада)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="یوکرینیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2599%25D7%2595%25D7%25A9%25D7%2591_%25D7%25A8%25D7%2590%25D7%25A9" title="יושב ראש – یدش" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="יושב ראש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="یدش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25B8%25BB%25E5%25B8%25AD" title="主席 – کینٹونیز" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="主席" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="کینٹونیز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25B8%25BB%25E5%25B8%25AD" title="主席 – چینی" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="主席" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="چینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ur.svg" alt="ویکیپیڈیا" width="87" height="32" style="width: 5.4375em; height: 2em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">اس صفحہ 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