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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Апошнія зьмены</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96"><span>Новыя старонкі</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Месца, каб пра ўсё даведацца"><span>Дапамога</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Вікіпэдыя" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-be_x_old.svg" style="width: 7.5em; 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Увайсьці</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Болей парамэтраў" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Асабістыя прылады" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Асабістыя прылады</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Карыстацкае мэню" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_be-x-old.wikipedia.org&uselang=be-tarask"><span>Ахвяраваньні</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%8C_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA&returnto=%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Мы прапануем вам стварыць уліковы запіс і ўвайсьці, але гэта не абавязкова"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Стварыць уліковы запіс</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%83_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%83&returnto=%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Вас запрашаюць увайсьці, хаця гэта і неабавязкова. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Увайсьці</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Старонкі для неаўтарызаваных рэдактараў <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0:%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" aria-label="Даведайцеся пра рэдагаваньне болей"><span>даведацца болей</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%91%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Сьпіс рэдагаваньняў, зробленых з гэтага IP-адрасу [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Унёсак</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Старонка гутарак пра рэдагаваньні, зробленыя з гэтага IP-адрасу [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Гутаркі</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Зьмест" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Зьмест</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">перанесьці ў бакавую панэль</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Пачатак</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Папярэджаньне_залежнасьці" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Папярэджаньне_залежнасьці"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Папярэджаньне залежнасьці</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Папярэджаньне_залежнасьці-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Чыньнікі_залежнасьці" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Чыньнікі_залежнасьці"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Чыньнікі залежнасьці</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Чыньнікі_залежнасьці-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Кіданьне" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Кіданьне"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Кіданьне</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Кіданьне-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Наступствы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Наступствы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Наступствы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Наступствы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Гісторыя" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Гісторыя"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Гісторыя</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Гісторыя-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Беларусь" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Беларусь"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Беларусь</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Беларусь-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Глядзіце_таксама" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Глядзіце_таксама"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Глядзіце таксама</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Глядзіце_таксама-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Крыніцы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Крыніцы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Крыніцы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Крыніцы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Вонкавыя_спасылкі" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Вонкавыя_спасылкі"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Вонкавыя спасылкі</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Вонкавыя_спасылкі-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Зьмест" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Схаваць/паказаць зьмест" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Схаваць/паказаць зьмест</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Тытунепаленьне</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Перайсьці да артыкула на іншай мове. Выбраць з: 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 моваў</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%BA" title="تدخين التبغ — арабская" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تدخين التبغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCt%C3%BCn%C3%A7%C9%99km%C9%99" title="Tütünçəkmə — азэрбайджанская" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tütünçəkmə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азэрбайджанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="তামাকের ধূমপান — бэнгальская" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তামাকের ধূমপান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бэнгальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Тытунекурэнне — беларуская" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тытунекурэнне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларуская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Тютюнопушене — баўгарская" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тютюнопушене" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="баўгарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobaksrygning" title="Tobaksrygning — дацкая" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tobaksrygning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabakrauchen" title="Tabakrauchen — нямецкая" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tabakrauchen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="нямецкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%80%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Κάπνισμα — грэцкая" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κάπνισμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грэцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco_smoking" title="Tobacco smoking — ангельская" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tobacco smoking" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ангельская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fumar_tabaco" title="Fumar tabaco — гішпанская" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fumar tabaco" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="гішпанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabakfumado" title="Tabakfumado — эспэранта" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tabakfumado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эспэранта" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AF%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="استعمال دخانیات — пэрсыдзкая" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استعمال دخانیات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="пэрсыдзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caitheamh_tobac" title="Caitheamh tobac — ірляндзкая" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Caitheamh tobac" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ірляндзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A7%E0%AB%82%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8" title="ધૂમ્રપાન — гуджарацкая" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ધૂમ્રપાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="гуджарацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shan_taba" title="Shan taba — хауская" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Shan taba" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="хауская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तम्बाकू धूम्रपान — гіндзі" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तम्बाकू धूम्रपान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="гіндзі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pu%C5%A1enje" title="Pušenje — харвацкая" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pušenje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="харвацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengisapan_tembakau" title="Pengisapan tembakau — інданэзійская" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pengisapan tembakau" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="інданэзійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3baksreykingar" title="Tóbaksreykingar — ісьляндзкая" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tóbaksreykingar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ісьляндзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%81_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86(%E0%B2%A7%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8)" title="ತಂಬಾಕು ಸೇವನೆ(ಧೂಮಪಾನ) — канадзкая" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ತಂಬಾಕು ಸೇವನೆ(ಧೂಮಪಾನ)" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="канадзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83" title="Темекі шегу — казаская" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Темекі шегу" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казаская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fimen" title="Fimen — Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Fimen" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%ABkymas" title="Rūkymas — летувіская" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rūkymas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="летувіская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouke" title="Rouke — лімбурская" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Rouke" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лімбурская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doh%C3%A1nyz%C3%A1s" title="Dohányzás — вугорская" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dohányzás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="вугорская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF" title="പുകവലി — малаяламская" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പുകവലി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаяламская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roken_(tabak)" title="Roken (tabak) — нідэрляндзкая" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Roken (tabak)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нідэрляндзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%AB%E7%85%99" title="喫煙 — японская" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="喫煙" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobakksr%C3%B8yking" title="Tobakksrøyking — нарвэская (букмал)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tobakksrøyking" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="нарвэская (букмал)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palenie_tytoniu" title="Palenie tytoniu — польская" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Palenie tytoniu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabagismo" title="Tabagismo — партугальская" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tabagismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="партугальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitay" title="Pitay — кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pitay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Табакокурение — расейская" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Табакокурение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="расейская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco_smoking" title="Tobacco smoking — спрошчаная ангельская" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tobacco smoking" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="спрошчаная ангельская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%BD_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%8A" title="سگريٽ نوشي — сіндгская" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سگريٽ نوشي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="сіндгская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faj%C4%8Denie" title="Fajčenie — славацкая" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fajčenie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="славацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kajenje_tobaka" title="Kajenje tobaka — славенская" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kajenje tobaka" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="славенская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Пушење дувана — сэрбская" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пушење дувана" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сэрбская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pu%C5%A1enje" title="Pušenje — сэрбскахарвацкая" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pušenje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сэрбскахарвацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupakointi" title="Tupakointi — фінская" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tupakointi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobaksr%C3%B6kning" title="Tobaksrökning — швэдзкая" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tobaksrökning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="швэдзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="புகையிலை பிடித்தல் — тамільская" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புகையிலை பிடித்தல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамільская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%99%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83" title="Тәмәке тарту — татарская" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тәмәке тарту" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Тютюнопаління — украінская" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тютюнопаління" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BAt_thu%E1%BB%91c_l%C3%A1" title="Hút thuốc lá — віетнамская" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hút thuốc lá" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="віетнамская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%83%E7%83%9F" title="吃烟 — ву" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="吃烟" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ву" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="абраны артыкул"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9F" title="רייכערן — ідыш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רייכערן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ідыш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%ABr%C4%97n%C4%97ms" title="Kūrėnėms — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kūrėnėms" 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vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5"><span>Чытаць</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5&veaction=edit" title="Рэдагаваць гэтую старонку [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Рэдагаваць</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5&action=edit" title="Рэдагаваць крынічны тэкст гэтай старонкі [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5&action=history"><span>Паказаць 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbe-tarask.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A2%25D1%258B%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D1%258C%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5"><span>Спампаваць QR-код</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Друк/экспарт </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5"><span>Стварыць кнігу</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5&action=show-download-screen"><span>Загрузіць як PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5&printable=yes" title="Вэрсія гэтай старонкі для друку [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Вэрсія для друку</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> У іншых праектах </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tobacco_smoking" hreflang="en"><span>Вікісховішча</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Выгляд</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">перанесьці ў бакавую панэль</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Зьвесткі зь Вікіпэдыі — вольнай энцыкляпэдыі</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="be-tarask" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Taos_County,_New_Mexico._Jim_Barns,_surveyor_with_New_Mexico_Re-Assessment_Survey._-_NARA_-_521974.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Taos_County%2C_New_Mexico._Jim_Barns%2C_surveyor_with_New_Mexico_Re-Assessment_Survey._-_NARA_-_521974.jpg/200px-Taos_County%2C_New_Mexico._Jim_Barns%2C_surveyor_with_New_Mexico_Re-Assessment_Survey._-_NARA_-_521974.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Taos_County%2C_New_Mexico._Jim_Barns%2C_surveyor_with_New_Mexico_Re-Assessment_Survey._-_NARA_-_521974.jpg/300px-Taos_County%2C_New_Mexico._Jim_Barns%2C_surveyor_with_New_Mexico_Re-Assessment_Survey._-_NARA_-_521974.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Taos_County%2C_New_Mexico._Jim_Barns%2C_surveyor_with_New_Mexico_Re-Assessment_Survey._-_NARA_-_521974.jpg/400px-Taos_County%2C_New_Mexico._Jim_Barns%2C_surveyor_with_New_Mexico_Re-Assessment_Survey._-_NARA_-_521974.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2420" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Мужчына з цыгарэтай за працай.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Тытунепале́ньне</b> (пале́ньне) — удыханьне <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Дым">дыма</a> цьмелых высушаных <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82" title="Ліст">лістоў</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Тытунь">тытуню</a>. </p><p>Зьніжае <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%86%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%91" title="Пачуцьцё">пачуцьцё</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Голад (старонка не існуе)">голаду</a> за кошт выкіду ў <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E" title="Кроў">кроў</a> нэўрамэдыятара <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Дафамін">дафаміна</a>, што выклікае <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Залежнасьць">залежнасьць</a>, мацнейшую за <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Алькагалізм">алькагалізм</a>. Самастойнае адмаўленьне ад паленьня складае менш за 5%. Тытунёвы <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Дым">дым</a>, у склад якога ўваходзіць <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Нікатын">нікатын</a>, пашкоджвае скуру <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Твар">твару</a> і рук, <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8B" title="Зубы">зуб’е</a> і <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Валасы">валасы</a>. Урэшце паленьне выклікае <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%85" title="Рак лёгкіх">рак лёгкіх</a> і верхніх дыхальных шляхоў<sup id="cite_ref-б_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-б-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Папярэджаньне_залежнасьці"><span id=".D0.9F.D0.B0.D0.BF.D1.8F.D1.80.D1.8D.D0.B4.D0.B6.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.8C.D0.BD.D0.B5_.D0.B7.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.B6.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.8C.D1.86.D1.96"></span>Папярэджаньне залежнасьці</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Папярэджаньне залежнасьці»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5&action=edit&section=1" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Папярэджаньне залежнасьці"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Заняткі <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Спорт">спортам</a> зьмяншаюць схільнасьць да паленьня праз спрыяньне выпрацоўцы <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Гармон">гармона</a> дафаміна за кошт цялеснай нагрузкі<sup id="cite_ref-б_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-б-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Пашырэньню тытунёвай залежнасьці замінаюць рэдкасьць месцаў продажу і дарагавізна для самастойнага набыцьця <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Падлетак">падлеткамі</a>. Скарачэньне месцаў продажу да адмысловых <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Крама">крамаў</a> без самаабслугоўваньня адначасна павышае выдаткі сродкаў і намаганьняў на набыцьцё тытунёвых вырабаў<sup id="cite_ref-з_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-з-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Чыньнікі_залежнасьці"><span id=".D0.A7.D1.8B.D0.BD.D1.8C.D0.BD.D1.96.D0.BA.D1.96_.D0.B7.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.B6.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.8C.D1.86.D1.96"></span>Чыньнікі залежнасьці</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Чыньнікі залежнасьці»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5&action=edit&section=2" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Чыньнікі залежнасьці"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Узьнікненьню тытунёвай залежнасьці спрыяюць <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8D%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Нэўроз">нэўроз</a> і раньняя паводле ўзросту першая спроба паленьня, што выклікае большую <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%9E%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Эўфарыя">эўфарыю</a><sup id="cite_ref-з_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-з-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Кіданьне"><span id=".D0.9A.D1.96.D0.B4.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.8C.D0.BD.D0.B5"></span>Кіданьне</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Кіданьне»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5&action=edit&section=3" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Кіданьне"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Пасьля тытунепаленьня патрабуецца 20 хвілінаў, каб нармалізаваць <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%86%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Крывяны ціск">крывяны ціск</a> і зменшыць <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Спазма">спазму</a> крывяносных судзінаў. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ногі (старонка не існуе)">Ногі</a> і рукі становяцца цяплейшымі. Празь дзьве гадзіны ўзьнікае вяласьць, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Прыгнечанасьць">прыгнечанасьць</a> і <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Трывога">трывога</a>, ад чаго цягне паліць дзеля наступнай дозы <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Нікатын">нікатыну</a>. Праз 8 гадзінаў узьнімаецца ўзровень тлену ў <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Чырвоныя крывяныя цельцы (старонка не існуе)">чырвоных крывяных цельцах</a>, але расьце вязкасьць крыві і пагроза ўтварэньня <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тромб (старонка не існуе)">тромба</a> ў крывяноснай судзіне. Праз 24 гадзіны пачынаецца моцны <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кашаль">кашаль</a>, бо зь <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%91%D0%B3%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Лёгкія">лёгкіх</a> выводзяцца ўтвораныя паленьнем рэчывы. Праз 48 гадзінаў <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Нэрвовая сыстэма">нэрвовая сыстэма</a> ўраўнаважваецца, што паляпшае мысьленьне. У кароткачасовых курцоў паляпшаецца адчуваньне <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Смак">смаку</a> на языку. Праз 72 гадзіны наступае <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ломка (старонка не існуе)">ломка</a> з хваляваньнем. Праз месяц пасьля кіданьня зьмяншаецца пагроза хваробы крывяносных судзінаў і <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Цукровы дыябэт">цукровага дыябэту</a>. З трэцяга па дзявяты месяц у лёгкіх утвараецца новы <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Эпітэль">эпітэль</a>. Пасьля году пагроза хваробы сэрца падае на 50%. Пасьля 10 гадоў без цыгарэтаў пагроза <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%85" title="Рак лёгкіх">раку лёгкіх</a> скарачаецца на палову параўнальна зь некурцамі. Праз 15 гадоў пагроза <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Інфаркт (старонка не існуе)">інфаркту</a> зраўноўваецца зь некурцамі<sup id="cite_ref-а_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-а-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Наступствы"><span id=".D0.9D.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.82.D1.83.D0.BF.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B2.D1.8B"></span>Наступствы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Наступствы»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5&action=edit&section=4" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Наступствы"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Тытунепаленьне выклікае адпаведны від раку ў залежнасьці ад спосабу спажываньня. Калі разжоўваюць, гэта вядзе да <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Рак глоткі (старонка не існуе)">раку рота</a>. Калі паляць цыгару — да <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Рак вуснаў (старонка не існуе)">раку вуснаў</a>. Калі ж паляць трубку або кальян — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%85" title="Рак лёгкіх">рак лёгкіх</a> і страўніка<sup id="cite_ref-а_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-а-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Гісторыя"><span id=".D0.93.D1.96.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.8B.D1.8F"></span>Гісторыя</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Гісторыя»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5&action=edit&section=5" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Гісторыя"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>10 тыс. гадоў да Нараджэньня Хрыстова ўжываньне тытуню пачалося з жаваньня і паленьня ў <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Амэрыка">Амэрыцы</a>. Спачатку яго ўжывалі як <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Лекі">лекі</a>, а таксама падчас рэлігійных <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Абрад">абрадаў</a><sup id="cite_ref-а_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-а-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>У 1492 годзе <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BC%D0%B1" title="Хрыстафор Калюмб">Хрыстафор Калюмб</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%91_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Адкрыцьцё Амэрыкі">адкрыў Амэрыку</a>, у выніку чаго <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Манаполія">манаполія</a> на продаж тытуню ў якасьці лекаў у Эўропе стала належаць <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Гішпанія">Гішпаніі</a>. У 1500 годзе тытунь пачалі прадаваць у Індыі, дзе стварылі <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кальян (старонка не існуе)">кальян</a> на загад князя, якому не падабалася тытунепаленьне з трубкі. Такі спосаб пашырыўся і на Іран. У 1606 годзе ангельскі кароль <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D0%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Якаў І (старонка не існуе)">Якаў І</a> накіраваў сваіх падданых у <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Паўночная Амэрыка">Паўночную Амэрыку</a>, дзе тыя заснавалі калёнію <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Вірджынія (калёнія) (старонка не існуе)">Вірджынія</a>. У 1611 годзе ангелец <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Джон Рольф (старонка не існуе)">Джон Рольф</a> паехаў зь Вірджыніі на поўдзень да гішпанскіх уладаньняў, адкуль прывёз назад тытунь, які пачаў вырошчваць. У 1619 годзе для вырошчваньня тытуню ў Вірджыніі пачалі выкарыстоўваць <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Рабства">рабоў</a> з <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Афрыка">Афрыкі</a> і <a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Ірляндыя">Ірляндыі</a> празь нястачу вольных пасяленцаў. За 1641—1652 гады ў такім рабстве загінула 500 тыс. <a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Ірляндцы">ірляндцаў</a>, яшчэ 300 тыс. прадалі ў няволю. У выніку <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%86%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Насельніцтва Ірляндыі (старонка не існуе)">насельніцтва Ірляндыі</a> скарацілася з 1,5 мільёна да 600 тыс. чалавек, бо астатніх прадалі ў рабства. Ангельцы пашырылі <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Гандаль">гандаль</a> тытунем да <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Асманская імпэрыя">Асманскай імпэрыі</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Іран">Ірану</a> і Кітаю, дзе <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Рэкляма">рэклямавалі</a> яго як <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Абязбольвальнік (старонка не існуе)">абязбольвальнік</a> і <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Супакаяльнік (старонка не існуе)">супакаяльнік</a><sup id="cite_ref-а_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-а-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>У 1826 годзе навукоўцы выявілі, што <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Нікатын">нікатын</a> ёсьць <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Атрута">атрутай</a>. Тым часам, пераважала тытунепаленьне ў трубках, бо <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Цыгарэты">цыгарэты</a> былі параўнальна дарагімі. У 1881 годзе амэрыканец <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B7_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Джэймз Бонсак (старонка не існуе)">Джэймз Бонсак</a> стварыў машыну для прамысловага скручваньня цыгарэтаў, таму яны сталі даступнымі. Падчас <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Першая сусьветная вайна">Першай</a> і <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Другая сусьветная вайна">Другай</a> сусьветных войнаў пашырэньню тытунепаленьня спрыяла закупка войскам цыгарэтаў у тытунёвых фабрыкаў для штодзённага атрыманьня <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Жаўнер">жаўнерамі</a>. У выніку вытворцы цыгарэтаў пашырылі збыт за кошт вэтэранаў, якія вярнуліся з вайны заядлымі курцамі. У 1930 годзе нямецкія хімікі выявілі, што тытунь выклікае <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%85" title="Рак лёгкіх">рак лёгкіх</a>. У выніку ўрад <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Нямецкая дзяржава">Нямецкай дзяржавы</a> перастаў выдаваць цыгарэты сваім вайскоўцам, а таксама забараніў паленьне ў закрытых памяшканьнях і месцах збору людзей<sup id="cite_ref-а_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-а-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>У 1971 годзе ў ЗША забаранілі рэкляму тытунепаленьня. Аднак найбольшыя вытворцы цыгарэтаў, у тым ліку «<a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81_%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BB" title="Філіп Морыс Інтэрнэшнл">Філіп Морыс Інтэрнэшнл</a>», захавалі свае продажы ў <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%91%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Разьвіцьцёвая краіна (старонка не існуе)">разьвіцьцёвых краінах</a>, на якія прыпадала 80% збыту. У гэтых краінах працягвалася ўкараненьне паводзінскага <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Стэрэатып (старонка не існуе)">стэрэатыпу</a>, што, калі <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хваляваньне (старонка не існуе)">хвалююцца</a>, то паляць. У выніку адпаведны стэрэатып замацаваўся на некалькі дзесяцігодзьдзяў. Сярод іншых, такі вобраз меў <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D1%85" title="Пастух">пастух</a> у рэкляме цыгарэтаў «<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мальбара (старонка не існуе)">Мальбара</a>», чыю ролю выконваў Эрык Лоўсан, што памёр ад хваробы лёгкіх. На жанчынаў узьдзейнічалі праз разьмяшчэньне ў кінафільмах сцэнаў, дзе заможныя паненкі ў <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Брыльянт (старонка не існуе)">брыльянтах</a> і прыгожым строі трымалі ў руках цыгарэту. Тым часам, насуперак <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Падман (старонка не існуе)">падманліваму</a> стэрэатыпу пры хваляваньні галаўному мозгу патрабуецца больш тлену, бо павышаецца выпрацоўка <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Гармон">гармону</a> стрэсу. Тытунепаленьне ж наадварот тармозіць мысьленьне і блякуе засваеньне <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Вітамін">вітамінаў</a>, патрэбных пры напрузе<sup id="cite_ref-а_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-а-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>На 2010 г. з больш як мільярда курцоў ва ўсім сьвеце 80% складалі <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мужчыны (старонка не існуе)">мужчыны</a><sup id="cite_ref-б_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-б-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. У ХХІ стагодзьдзі ў цыгарэты знутры пачалі дадаваць карычневую <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Папера">паперу</a>, каб істотна зьменшыць <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%82" title="Кошт">кошт</a> іх вытворчасьці. Найбольшыя абмежаваньні на тытунепаленьне існавалі ў <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бутан">Бутане</a>, дзе іх прадавалі толькі ў <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аптэка">аптэках</a> даўнім курцам. У 2022 годзе ад тытунепаленьня памерла звыш 8 млн чалавек у сьвеце, зь іх мільён быў пасіўнымі курцамі, якія не трымалі ў руках цыгарэты. Для параўнаньня гэткая сьмяротнасьць перавышае колькасьць ахвяраў за год Другой сусьветнай вайны. Пры гэтым <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Чысты прыбытак (старонка не існуе)">чысты прыбытак</a> вытворцаў тытунёвых вырабаў перавысіў 700 млрд даляраў<sup id="cite_ref-а_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-а-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Беларусь"><span id=".D0.91.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.83.D1.81.D1.8C"></span>Беларусь</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Беларусь»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5&action=edit&section=6" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Беларусь"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>На 2010 г. тытунь палілі звыш 40% жыхароў Беларусі. Краіна знаходзілася на 6-ым месцы ў сьвеце па дзелі курцоў у насельніцтве. Залежнасьць ахоплівала каля 60% мужчынаў і звыш 20% жанчынаў<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Штогод ад тытунепаленьня ў Беларусі памірае звыш 15 тыс. чалавек<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. На 2011 г. першая спроба тытунепаленьня ў Беларусі ў сярэднім прыпадала на ўзрост 12 гадоў<sup id="cite_ref-з_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-з-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. У 2014 годзе доля курцоў сярод дарослага <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%96" title="Насельніцтва Беларусі">насельніцтва Беларусі</a> скарацілася да 30,5 %<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>У Беларусі тытунепаленьне ва ўстановах адукацыі, аховы здароўя, культуры і спорту, у месцах гандлю, побытавога абслугоўваньня і грамадзкага харчаваньня, у памяшканьнях установаў дзяржаўнага кіраваньня, мясцовых выканаўчых і распарадчых установаў, на <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Вакзал (старонка не існуе)">вакзалах</a>, у <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Аэрапорт">аэрапортах</a>, падземных пераходах, на станцыях <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Мэтрапалітэн">мэтрапалітэна</a>, у грамадзкім транспарце, <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Вагон">вагонах</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Цягнік">цягнікоў</a>, на водных суднах і ў <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D1%82" title="Самалёт">самалётах</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> прадугледжвае спагнаньне да 4 <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Базавая велічыня">базавых велічыняў</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Глядзіце_таксама"><span id=".D0.93.D0.BB.D1.8F.D0.B4.D0.B7.D1.96.D1.86.D0.B5_.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BA.D1.81.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B0"></span>Глядзіце таксама</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Глядзіце таксама»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5&action=edit&section=7" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Глядзіце таксама"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Рональд Мотлі">Рональд Мотлі</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Крыніцы"><span id=".D0.9A.D1.80.D1.8B.D0.BD.D1.96.D1.86.D1.8B"></span>Крыніцы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Крыніцы»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5&action=edit&section=8" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Крыніцы"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="font-size:85%; list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-б-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-б_1-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-б_1-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-б_1-2"><sup><i><b>в</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Надзея Нікалаева.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.zviazda.by/ru/pril/article.php?id=58827">Цыгарэта адбірае ў жанчынаў 11 гадоў жыцьця</a> // <i>Краіна здароўя</i>. — 20 траўня 2010. — № <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.zviazda.by/ru/pril/?id=29&prilid=58822">18 (187)</a>. — С. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.zviazda.by/a2ttachments/58845/20may-5.indd.pdf">3</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-з-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-з_2-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-з_2-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-з_2-2"><sup><i><b>в</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Сьвятлана Барысенка.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.zviazda.by/ru/archive/article.php?id=89003">Тытунь ня будуць прадаваць на кожным кроку</a> // <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D1%8C%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Зьвязда">Зьвязда</a></i> : <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Газэта">газэта</a>. — 17 лістапада 2011. — № <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.zviazda.by/ru/archive/?idate=2011-11-17">219 (27083)</a>. — С. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.zviazda.by/a2ttachments/89033/17lis-7.indd.pdf">5</a>. — <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1990-763x">1990-763x</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-а-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-а_3-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-а_3-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-а_3-2"><sup><i><b>в</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-а_3-3"><sup><i><b>г</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-а_3-4"><sup><i><b>д</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-а_3-5"><sup><i><b>е</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-а_3-6"><sup><i><b>ё</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Алена Кравец.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zviazda.by/be/news/20230203/1675430496-hto-raspausyudziu-tytun-pa-usim-svece-i-chamu-yon-dagetul-prynosic">Брудныя бізнэс-гульні</a> // <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D1%8C%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Зьвязда">Зьвязда</a></i>. — 4 лютага 2023. — № <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zviazda.by/be/number/23-29903">23 (29903)</a>. — С. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zviazda.by/sites/default/files/4lut-7_optim_1.pdf">7</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style: normal;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://m.belsat.eu/be/wiadomosci/a,679">Беларусь – 6-я сярод краінаў з самаю моцнаю залежнасьцю ад тытуню</a> // <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Белсат">Белсат</a>, 2 сьнежня 2010 г. <small><span title="Дата апошняй праверкі спасылкі">Праверана 16 красавіка 2014 г.</span></small></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Сьвятлана Барысенка.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.zviazda.by/ru/archive/article.php?id=87039">Байкі пра алькагалізм</a> // <i>Зьвязда</i>. — 7 кастрычніка 2011. — № <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.zviazda.by/ru/archive/?idate=2011-10-07">192 (27055)</a>. — С. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.zviazda.by/a2ttachments/87041/7kas-7.indd.pdf">7</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Сьвятлана Барысенка.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zviazda.by/be/news/20140531/1401490127-nu-velmi-dymna">Ну вельмі дымна</a> // <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D1%8C%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Зьвязда">Зьвязда</a></i> : газэта. — 30 траўня 2014. — № <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zviazda.by/be/number/100-27710">100 (27710)</a>. — С. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zviazda.by/sites/default/files/pdf/2014/05/ZV_20140531_21.pdf">13</a>. — <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1990-763x">1990-763x</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style: normal;">А.Лукашэнка. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zakon.by/?guid=3871&p0=pd0200028">Дэкрэт прэзыдэнта Рэспублікі Беларусь ад 17 сьнежня 2002 г. № 28 (пункт 38)</a> <small class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="расейскай мовай">(рас.)</small> // <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%96_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="Нацыянальны цэнтар прававой інфармацыі Рэспублікі Беларусь">Нацыянальны цэнтар прававой інфармацыі Рэспублікі Беларусь</a>, 16 красавіка 2012 г. <small><span title="Дата апошняй праверкі спасылкі">Праверана 20 жніўня 2013 г.</span></small></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style: normal;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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