CURIUM, Crimson Sandstorm, TA456, Tortoise Shell, Yellow Liderc, Group G1012

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More details about tickets and our CFP can be found <a href='https://na.eventscloud.com/attackcon6'>here</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row flex-grow-1 flex-shrink-0">   <div class="sidebar nav sticky-top flex-column pr-0 pt-4 pb-3 pl-3" id="v-tab" role="tablist" aria-orientation="vertical"> <div class="resizer" id="resizer"></div>  <div id="sidebars"></div>  </div> <div class="tab-content col-xl-9 pt-4" id="v-tabContent"> <div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="v-attckmatrix" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="v-attckmatrix-tab"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/">Home</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/groups/">Groups</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item">CURIUM</li> </ol> <div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="v-" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="v--tab"></div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xl-12"> <div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid"> <div class="container-fluid"> <h1> CURIUM </h1> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8"> <div class="description-body"> <p><a href="/groups/G1012">CURIUM</a> is an Iranian threat group, first reported in September 2019 and active since at least July 2018, targeting IT service providers in the Middle East.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2019, September 18). Tortoiseshell Group Targets IT Providers in Saudi Arabia in Probable Supply Chain Attacks. Retrieved May 20, 2024."data-reference="Symantec Tortoiseshell 2019"><sup><a href="https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/tortoiseshell-apt-supply-chain" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span> <a href="/groups/G1012">CURIUM</a> has since invested in building relationships with potential targets via social media over a period of months to establish trust and confidence before sending malware. Security researchers note <a href="/groups/G1012">CURIUM</a> has demonstrated great patience and persistence by chatting with potential targets daily and sending benign files to help lower their security consciousness.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="MSTIC. (2021, November 16). Evolving trends in Iranian threat actor activity – MSTIC presentation at CyberWarCon 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2023."data-reference="Microsoft Iranian Threat Actor Trends November 2021"><sup><a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2021/11/16/evolving-trends-in-iranian-threat-actor-activity-mstic-presentation-at-cyberwarcon-2021" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"> <div id="card-id" class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">ID: </span>G1012 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="" data-test-ignore="true" data-original-title="Names that have overlapping reference to a group entry and may refer to the same or similar group in threat intelligence reporting">ⓘ</span> </div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Associated Groups</span>: Crimson Sandstorm, TA456, Tortoise Shell, Yellow Liderc </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Contributors</span>: Denise Tan; Wirapong Petshagun </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Version</span>: 3.0 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Created: </span>13 January 2023 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Last Modified: </span>02 October 2024 </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-center pt-2 version-button live"> <div class="live"> <a data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Permalink to this version of G1012" href="/versions/v16/groups/G1012/" data-test-ignore="true">Version Permalink</a> </div> <div class="permalink"> <a data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Go to the live version of G1012" href="/versions/v16/groups/G1012/" data-test-ignore="true">Live Version</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id ="aliasDescription">Associated Group Descriptions</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table table-bordered table-alternate mt-2"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">Name</th> <th scope="col">Description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> Crimson Sandstorm </td> <td> <p><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-3') id="scite-ref-3-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Microsoft . (2023, July 12). How Microsoft names threat actors. Retrieved November 17, 2023."data-reference="Microsoft Threat Actor Naming July 2023"><sup><a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/intelligence/microsoft-threat-actor-naming?view=o365-worldwide" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="2" aria-describedby="qtip-2">[3]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> TA456 </td> <td> <p><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-3') id="scite-ref-3-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Microsoft . (2023, July 12). How Microsoft names threat actors. Retrieved November 17, 2023."data-reference="Microsoft Threat Actor Naming July 2023"><sup><a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/intelligence/microsoft-threat-actor-naming?view=o365-worldwide" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="2" aria-describedby="qtip-2">[3]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-4') id="scite-ref-4-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Miller, J. et. al. (2021, July 28). I Knew You Were Trouble: TA456 Targets Defense Contractor with Alluring Social Media Persona. Retrieved March 11, 2024."data-reference="Proofpoint TA456 Defense Contractor July 2021"><sup><a href="https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/i-knew-you-were-trouble-ta456-targets-defense-contractor-alluring-social-media" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="3" aria-describedby="qtip-3">[4]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Tortoise Shell </td> <td> <p><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-3') id="scite-ref-3-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Microsoft . (2023, July 12). How Microsoft names threat actors. Retrieved November 17, 2023."data-reference="Microsoft Threat Actor Naming July 2023"><sup><a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/intelligence/microsoft-threat-actor-naming?view=o365-worldwide" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="2" aria-describedby="qtip-2">[3]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Yellow Liderc </td> <td> <p><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="PwC Threat Intelligence. (2023, October 25). Yellow Liderc ships its scripts and delivers IMAPLoader malware. Retrieved August 14, 2024."data-reference="PWC Yellow Liderc 2023"><sup><a href="https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/cybersecurity/cyber-threat-intelligence/yellow-liderc-ships-its-scripts-delivers-imaploader-malware.html" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div>  <div class="dropdown h3 mt-3 float-right"> <button class="btn btn-navy dropdown-toggle" type="button" id="dropdownMenuButton" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <b>ATT&CK<sup>®</sup> Navigator Layers</b> </button> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dropdownMenuButton"> <h6 class="dropdown-header">Enterprise Layer</h6> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/groups/G1012/G1012-enterprise-layer.json" download target="_blank">download</a>  <a class="dropdown-item" href="#" id="view-layer-on-navigator-enterprise" target="_blank">view <img width="10" src="/theme/images/external-site-dark.jpeg"></a> <script src="/theme/scripts/settings.js"></script> <script> if (window.location.protocol == "https:") { //view on navigator only works when this site is hosted on HTTPS var layerURL = window.location.protocol + "//" + window.location.host + base_url + "groups/G1012/G1012-enterprise-layer.json"; document.getElementById("view-layer-on-navigator-enterprise").href = "https://mitre-attack.github.io/attack-navigator//#layerURL=" + encodeURIComponent(layerURL); } else { //hide button document.getElementById("view-layer-on-navigator-enterprise").classList.add("d-none"); } </script> </div> </div>  <h2 class="pt-3 mb-2" id="techniques">Techniques Used</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table techniques-used background table-bordered"> <thead> <tr> <th class="p-2" scope="col">Domain</th> <th class="p-2" colspan="2">ID</th> <th class="p-2" scope="col">Name</th> <th class="p-2" scope="col">Use</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1583">T1583</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1583/001">.001</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1583">Acquire Infrastructure</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1583/001">Domains</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G1012">CURIUM</a> created domains to facilitate strategic website compromise and credential capture activities.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="PwC Threat Intelligence. (2023, October 25). Yellow Liderc ships its scripts and delivers IMAPLoader malware. Retrieved August 14, 2024."data-reference="PWC Yellow Liderc 2023"><sup><a href="https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/cybersecurity/cyber-threat-intelligence/yellow-liderc-ships-its-scripts-delivers-imaploader-malware.html" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td></td> <td></td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1583/003">.003</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1583">Acquire Infrastructure</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1583/003">Virtual Private Server</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G1012">CURIUM</a> created virtual private server instances to facilitate use of malicious domains and other items.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="PwC Threat Intelligence. (2023, October 25). Yellow Liderc ships its scripts and delivers IMAPLoader malware. Retrieved August 14, 2024."data-reference="PWC Yellow Liderc 2023"><sup><a href="https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/cybersecurity/cyber-threat-intelligence/yellow-liderc-ships-its-scripts-delivers-imaploader-malware.html" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td></td> <td></td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1583/004">.004</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1583">Acquire Infrastructure</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1583/004">Server</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G1012">CURIUM</a> has created dedicated servers for command and control and exfiltration purposes.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="PwC Threat Intelligence. (2023, October 25). Yellow Liderc ships its scripts and delivers IMAPLoader malware. Retrieved August 14, 2024."data-reference="PWC Yellow Liderc 2023"><sup><a href="https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/cybersecurity/cyber-threat-intelligence/yellow-liderc-ships-its-scripts-delivers-imaploader-malware.html" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1059">T1059</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1059/001">.001</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1059">Command and Scripting Interpreter</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1059/001">PowerShell</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G1012">CURIUM</a> has leveraged PowerShell scripts for initial process execution and data gathering in victim environments.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2019, September 18). Tortoiseshell Group Targets IT Providers in Saudi Arabia in Probable Supply Chain Attacks. Retrieved May 20, 2024."data-reference="Symantec Tortoiseshell 2019"><sup><a href="https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/tortoiseshell-apt-supply-chain" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1584">T1584</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1584/006">.006</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1584">Compromise Infrastructure</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1584/006">Web Services</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G1012">CURIUM</a> has compromised legitimate websites to enable strategic website compromise attacks.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="PwC Threat Intelligence. (2023, October 25). Yellow Liderc ships its scripts and delivers IMAPLoader malware. Retrieved August 14, 2024."data-reference="PWC Yellow Liderc 2023"><sup><a href="https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/cybersecurity/cyber-threat-intelligence/yellow-liderc-ships-its-scripts-delivers-imaploader-malware.html" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/techniques/T1005">T1005</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1005">Data from Local System</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G1012">CURIUM</a> has exfiltrated data from a compromised machine.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="MSTIC. (2021, November 16). Evolving trends in Iranian threat actor activity – MSTIC presentation at CyberWarCon 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2023."data-reference="Microsoft Iranian Threat Actor Trends November 2021"><sup><a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2021/11/16/evolving-trends-in-iranian-threat-actor-activity-mstic-presentation-at-cyberwarcon-2021" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/techniques/T1189">T1189</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1189">Drive-by Compromise</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G1012">CURIUM</a> has used strategic website compromise to infect victims with malware such as <a href="/software/S1152">IMAPLoader</a>.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="PwC Threat Intelligence. (2023, October 25). Yellow Liderc ships its scripts and delivers IMAPLoader malware. Retrieved August 14, 2024."data-reference="PWC Yellow Liderc 2023"><sup><a href="https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/cybersecurity/cyber-threat-intelligence/yellow-liderc-ships-its-scripts-delivers-imaploader-malware.html" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1585">T1585</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1585/001">.001</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1585">Establish Accounts</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1585/001">Social Media Accounts</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G1012">CURIUM</a> has established a network of fictitious social media accounts, including on Facebook and LinkedIn, to establish relationships with victims, often posing as an attractive woman.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="MSTIC. (2021, November 16). Evolving trends in Iranian threat actor activity – MSTIC presentation at CyberWarCon 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2023."data-reference="Microsoft Iranian Threat Actor Trends November 2021"><sup><a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2021/11/16/evolving-trends-in-iranian-threat-actor-activity-mstic-presentation-at-cyberwarcon-2021" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td></td> <td></td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1585/002">.002</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1585">Establish Accounts</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1585/002">Email Accounts</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G1012">CURIUM</a> has created dedicated email accounts for use with tools such as <a href="/software/S1152">IMAPLoader</a>.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="PwC Threat Intelligence. (2023, October 25). Yellow Liderc ships its scripts and delivers IMAPLoader malware. Retrieved August 14, 2024."data-reference="PWC Yellow Liderc 2023"><sup><a href="https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/cybersecurity/cyber-threat-intelligence/yellow-liderc-ships-its-scripts-delivers-imaploader-malware.html" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1048">T1048</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1048/002">.002</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1048">Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1048/002">Exfiltration Over Asymmetric Encrypted Non-C2 Protocol</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G1012">CURIUM</a> has used SMTPS to exfiltrate collected data from victims.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="PwC Threat Intelligence. (2023, October 25). Yellow Liderc ships its scripts and delivers IMAPLoader malware. Retrieved August 14, 2024."data-reference="PWC Yellow Liderc 2023"><sup><a href="https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/cybersecurity/cyber-threat-intelligence/yellow-liderc-ships-its-scripts-delivers-imaploader-malware.html" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/techniques/T1041">T1041</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1041">Exfiltration Over C2 Channel</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G1012">CURIUM</a> has used IMAP and SMTPS for exfiltration via tools such as <a href="/software/S1152">IMAPLoader</a>.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="PwC Threat Intelligence. (2023, October 25). Yellow Liderc ships its scripts and delivers IMAPLoader malware. Retrieved August 14, 2024."data-reference="PWC Yellow Liderc 2023"><sup><a href="https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/cybersecurity/cyber-threat-intelligence/yellow-liderc-ships-its-scripts-delivers-imaploader-malware.html" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1566">T1566</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1566/001">.001</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1566">Phishing</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1566/001">Spearphishing Attachment</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G1012">CURIUM</a> has used phishing with malicious attachments for initial access to victim environments.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="PwC Threat Intelligence. (2023, October 25). Yellow Liderc ships its scripts and delivers IMAPLoader malware. Retrieved August 14, 2024."data-reference="PWC Yellow Liderc 2023"><sup><a href="https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/cybersecurity/cyber-threat-intelligence/yellow-liderc-ships-its-scripts-delivers-imaploader-malware.html" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td></td> <td></td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1566/003">.003</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1566">Phishing</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1566/003">Spearphishing via Service</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G1012">CURIUM</a> has used social media to deliver malicious files to victims.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="MSTIC. (2021, November 16). Evolving trends in Iranian threat actor activity – MSTIC presentation at CyberWarCon 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2023."data-reference="Microsoft Iranian Threat Actor Trends November 2021"><sup><a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2021/11/16/evolving-trends-in-iranian-threat-actor-activity-mstic-presentation-at-cyberwarcon-2021" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1598">T1598</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1598/003">.003</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1598">Phishing for Information</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1598/003">Spearphishing Link</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G1012">CURIUM</a> used malicious links to adversary-controlled resources for credential harvesting.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="PwC Threat Intelligence. (2023, October 25). Yellow Liderc ships its scripts and delivers IMAPLoader malware. Retrieved August 14, 2024."data-reference="PWC Yellow Liderc 2023"><sup><a href="https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/cybersecurity/cyber-threat-intelligence/yellow-liderc-ships-its-scripts-delivers-imaploader-malware.html" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1505">T1505</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1505/003">.003</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1505">Server Software Component</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1505/003">Web Shell</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G1012">CURIUM</a> has been linked to web shells following likely server compromise as an initial access vector into victim networks.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2019, September 18). Tortoiseshell Group Targets IT Providers in Saudi Arabia in Probable Supply Chain Attacks. Retrieved May 20, 2024."data-reference="Symantec Tortoiseshell 2019"><sup><a href="https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/tortoiseshell-apt-supply-chain" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1608">T1608</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1608/004">.004</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1608">Stage Capabilities</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1608/004">Drive-by Target</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G1012">CURIUM</a> used strategic website compromise to fingerprint then target victims.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="PwC Threat Intelligence. (2023, October 25). Yellow Liderc ships its scripts and delivers IMAPLoader malware. Retrieved August 14, 2024."data-reference="PWC Yellow Liderc 2023"><sup><a href="https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/cybersecurity/cyber-threat-intelligence/yellow-liderc-ships-its-scripts-delivers-imaploader-malware.html" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/techniques/T1082">T1082</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1082">System Information Discovery</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G1012">CURIUM</a> deploys information gathering tools focused on capturing IP configuration, running application, system information, and network connectivity information.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2019, September 18). Tortoiseshell Group Targets IT Providers in Saudi Arabia in Probable Supply Chain Attacks. Retrieved May 20, 2024."data-reference="Symantec Tortoiseshell 2019"><sup><a href="https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/tortoiseshell-apt-supply-chain" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/techniques/T1124">T1124</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1124">System Time Discovery</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G1012">CURIUM</a> deployed mechanisms to check system time information following strategic website compromise attacks.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="PwC Threat Intelligence. (2023, October 25). Yellow Liderc ships its scripts and delivers IMAPLoader malware. Retrieved August 14, 2024."data-reference="PWC Yellow Liderc 2023"><sup><a href="https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/cybersecurity/cyber-threat-intelligence/yellow-liderc-ships-its-scripts-delivers-imaploader-malware.html" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1204">T1204</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1204/002">.002</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1204">User Execution</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1204/002">Malicious File</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G1012">CURIUM</a> has lured users into opening malicious files delivered via social media.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="MSTIC. (2021, November 16). Evolving trends in Iranian threat actor activity – MSTIC presentation at CyberWarCon 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2023."data-reference="Microsoft Iranian Threat Actor Trends November 2021"><sup><a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2021/11/16/evolving-trends-in-iranian-threat-actor-activity-mstic-presentation-at-cyberwarcon-2021" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id="software">Software</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table table-bordered table-alternate mt-2"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">ID</th> <th scope="col">Name</th> <th scope="col">References</th> <th scope="col">Techniques</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S1152">S1152</a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S1152">IMAPLoader</a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S1152">IMAPLoader</a> was deployed by <a href="/groups/G1012">CURIUM</a> as a post-exploitation payload from strategic website compromise.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="PwC Threat Intelligence. (2023, October 25). Yellow Liderc ships its scripts and delivers IMAPLoader malware. Retrieved August 14, 2024."data-reference="PWC Yellow Liderc 2023"><sup><a href="https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/cybersecurity/cyber-threat-intelligence/yellow-liderc-ships-its-scripts-delivers-imaploader-malware.html" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1071">Application Layer Protocol</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1071/003">Mail Protocols</a>, <a href="/techniques/T1543">Create or Modify System Process</a>, <a href="/techniques/T1564">Hide Artifacts</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1564/003">Hidden Window</a>, <a href="/techniques/T1574">Hijack Execution Flow</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1574/014">AppDomainManager</a>, <a href="/techniques/T1105">Ingress Tool Transfer</a>, <a href="/techniques/T1106">Native API</a>, <a href="/techniques/T1053">Scheduled Task/Job</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1053/005">Scheduled Task</a>, <a href="/techniques/T1082">System Information Discovery</a>, <a href="/techniques/T1047">Windows Management Instrumentation</a> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id="references">References</h2> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <ol> <li> <span id="scite-1" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-1" href="https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/tortoiseshell-apt-supply-chain" target="_blank"> Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2019, September 18). Tortoiseshell Group Targets IT Providers in Saudi Arabia in Probable Supply Chain Attacks. Retrieved May 20, 2024. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-2" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-2" href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2021/11/16/evolving-trends-in-iranian-threat-actor-activity-mstic-presentation-at-cyberwarcon-2021" target="_blank"> MSTIC. (2021, November 16). Evolving trends in Iranian threat actor activity – MSTIC presentation at CyberWarCon 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2023. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-3" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-3" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/intelligence/microsoft-threat-actor-naming?view=o365-worldwide" target="_blank"> Microsoft . (2023, July 12). How Microsoft names threat actors. Retrieved November 17, 2023. </a> </span> </span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="col"> <ol start="4.0"> <li> <span id="scite-4" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-4" href="https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/i-knew-you-were-trouble-ta456-targets-defense-contractor-alluring-social-media" target="_blank"> Miller, J. et. al. (2021, July 28). I Knew You Were Trouble: TA456 Targets Defense Contractor with Alluring Social Media Persona. Retrieved March 11, 2024. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-5" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-5" href="https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/cybersecurity/cyber-threat-intelligence/yellow-liderc-ships-its-scripts-delivers-imaploader-malware.html" target="_blank"> PwC Threat Intelligence. (2023, October 25). Yellow Liderc ships its scripts and delivers IMAPLoader malware. Retrieved August 14, 2024. </a> </span> </span> </li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="overlay search" id="search-overlay" style="display: none;"> <div class="overlay-inner">  <div class="search-header"> <div class="search-input"> <input type="text" id="search-input" placeholder="search"> </div> <div class="search-icons"> <div class="search-parsing-icon spinner-border" style="display: none" id="search-parsing-icon"></div> <div class="close-search-icon" id="close-search-icon">×</div> </div> </div>  <div id="search-body" class="search-body"> <div class="results" id="search-results">  </div> <div id="load-more-results" class="load-more-results"> <button class="btn btn-default" id="load-more-results-button">load more results</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row flex-grow-0 flex-shrink-1">  <footer class="col footer"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row row-footer"> <div class="col-2 col-sm-2 col-md-2"> <div class="footer-center-responsive my-auto"> <a href="https://www.mitre.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="MITRE"> <img src="/theme/images/mitrelogowhiteontrans.gif" class="mitre-logo-wtrans"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-2 col-sm-2 footer-responsive-break"></div> <div class="footer-link-group"> <div class="row row-footer"> <div class="px-3 col-footer"> <u class="footer-link"><a href="/resources/engage-with-attack/contact" class="footer-link">Contact Us</a></u> </div> <div class="px-3 col-footer"> <u class="footer-link"><a href="/resources/legal-and-branding/terms-of-use" class="footer-link">Terms of Use</a></u> </div> <div class="px-3 col-footer"> <u class="footer-link"><a href="/resources/legal-and-branding/privacy" class="footer-link">Privacy Policy</a></u> </div> <div class="px-3"> <u class="footer-link"><a href="/resources/changelog.html" class="footer-link" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="top" data-html="true" title="ATT&CK content v16.1Website v4.2.1">Website Changelog</a></u> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <small class="px-3"> © 2015 - 2025, The MITRE Corporation. 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CURIUM, Crimson Sandstorm, TA456, Tortoise Shell, Yellow Liderc, Group G1012 | MITRE ATT&CK®