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Disponibil în 17 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocel%C3%A1rna" title="Ocelárna – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ocelárna" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integriertes_H%C3%BCttenwerk" title="Integriertes Hüttenwerk – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Integriertes Hüttenwerk" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel_mill" title="Steel mill – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Steel mill" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="کارخانه فولاد – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کارخانه فولاد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aci%C3%A9rie" title="Aciérie – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aciérie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centro_siderurgico" title="Centro siderurgico – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Centro siderurgico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EC%B2%A0%EC%86%8C" title="제철소 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제철소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staalbedrijf" title="Staalbedrijf – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Staalbedrijf" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stalownia" title="Stalownia – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stalownia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aciaria" title="Aciaria – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aciaria" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Металлургический комбинат – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Металлургический комбинат" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Celi%C4%8Dana" title="Čeličana – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Čeličana" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel_mill" title="Steel mill – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Steel mill" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceliare%C5%88" title="Oceliareň – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Oceliareň" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Челичана – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Челичана" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_m%C3%A1y_th%C3%A9p" title="Nhà máy thép – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhà máy thép" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%85%89%E9%8B%BC%E5%BB%A0" title="煉鋼廠 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="煉鋼廠" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2069494#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combinat_siderurgic&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combinat_siderurgic&action=history" title="Versiunile anterioare ale paginii și autorii lor. 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vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Combinat_siderurgic"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combinat_siderurgic&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combinat_siderurgic&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combinat_siderurgic&action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" 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</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:MittalSteelGalati200607.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/MittalSteelGalati200607.jpg/250px-MittalSteelGalati200607.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/MittalSteelGalati200607.jpg/375px-MittalSteelGalati200607.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/MittalSteelGalati200607.jpg/500px-MittalSteelGalati200607.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/ArcelorMittal_Gala%C5%A3i" class="mw-redirect" title="ArcelorMittal Galaţi">ArcelorMittal Galaţi</a>, cel mai mare combinat siderurgic din România</figcaption></figure> <p>Un <b>combinat siderurgic</b> este o uzină industrială ce are ca profil de activitate producerea <a href="/wiki/O%C8%9Bel" title="Oțel">oțelului</a>. </p><p>Oțelul este un <a href="/wiki/Aliaj" title="Aliaj">aliaj</a> de <a href="/wiki/Fier" title="Fier">fier</a> și <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a> și este produs în urma a două procese. În prima etapă, <a href="/wiki/Minereu_de_fier" class="mw-redirect" title="Minereu de fier">minereul de fier</a> este separat și topit cu <a href="/wiki/Cocs" title="Cocs">cocs</a> și <a href="/wiki/Calcar" title="Calcar">calcar</a> într-un <a href="/wiki/Furnal" title="Furnal">furnal</a> pentru a se obține fier lichid care fie este turnat sub formă de <a href="/wiki/Font%C4%83" title="Fontă">fontă</a> fie este trimis în etapa următoare. În această etapă impuritățile din fierul topit, cum ar fi <a href="/wiki/Sulf" title="Sulf">sulful</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">fosforul</a> și excesul de carbon sunt eliminate și sunt adăugate elemente de aliere precum <a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">mangan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nichel" title="Nichel">nichel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crom" title="Crom">crom</a> și <a href="/wiki/Vanadiu" title="Vanadiu">vanadiu</a> pentru a se obține un anumit tip de oțel. Oțelul este turnat și livrat sub formă de lingouri, tablă, sârmă sau alte forme diferite. </p><p>Cel mai mare combinat siderurgic din lume la ora actuală se află situat în <a href="/wiki/Gwangyang" title="Gwangyang">Gwangyang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coreea_de_Sud" title="Coreea de Sud">Coreea de Sud</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cel mai mare combinat siderurgic din România este <a href="/wiki/ArcelorMittal_Gala%C8%9Bi" class="mw-redirect" title="ArcelorMittal Galați">ArcelorMittal Galați</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Procese_tehnologice">Procese tehnologice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combinat_siderurgic&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Procese tehnologice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combinat_siderurgic&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Procese tehnologice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Un combinat siderurgic are următoarele unități pentru producția de oțel: </p> <ul><li>Topitoria unde minereul de fier este topit și transformat în fier lichid;</li> <li>Oțelăria unde fonta este transformată în oțel lichid;</li> <li>Turnătoria unde are loc solidificarea oțelului lichid;</li> <li>Laminorul unde are loc reducerea oțelului solidificat în bucăți mai mici și prelucrarea oțelului în formele finale;</li></ul> <p>Principalele materii prime utilizate într-un combinat siderurgic sunt <a href="/wiki/Minereu_de_fier" class="mw-redirect" title="Minereu de fier">minereul de fier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calcar" title="Calcar">calcarul</a> și <a href="/wiki/C%C4%83rbune" title="Cărbune">cărbunele</a> sub formă de <a href="/wiki/Cocs" title="Cocs">cocs</a>. Aceste materiale sunt adăugate într-un <a href="/wiki/Furnal" title="Furnal">furnal</a> unde este eliminat excesul de oxigen iar minereul devine fier lichid. După câteva ore fierul lichid este extras din furnal și fie este turnat sub formă de <a href="/wiki/Font%C4%83" title="Fontă">fontă</a>, fie este trimis mai departe la oțelărie. </p><p>Oțelul lichid este turnat în blocuri numite lingouri. În timpul procesului de turnare se folosesc metode diferite, cum ar fi adăugarea de <a href="/wiki/Aluminiu" title="Aluminiu">aluminiu</a> pentru ca impuritățile din oțel să se ridice la suprafață de unde vor putea fi eliminate. </p><p>Combinatele siderurgice sunt unități industriale mari care de regulă au capacitatea de a produce peste 2.000.000 tone pe an. Produsele finale ale unui combinat siderurgic sunt în general de dimensiuni mari, cum ar fi tablă, sârmă, șină de cale ferată și ocazional profile lungi cum ar fi bare și țevi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combinat_siderurgic&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combinat_siderurgic&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070819160207/http://www.ironbridge.org.uk/about_us/ironbridge_archaeology/projects/barrow/">„Barrow”</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ironbridge_Gorge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ironbridge Gorge — pagină inexistentă">Ironbridge Gorge</a> Museum Trust. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ironbridge.org.uk/about_us/ironbridge_archaeology/projects/barrow/">original</a> la <time datetime="2007-08-19">19 august 2007</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-08-25">25 august 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Barrow&rft.pub=Ironbridge+Gorge+Museum+Trust&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ironbridge.org.uk%2Fabout_us%2Fironbridge_archaeology%2Fprojects%2Fbarrow%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ACombinat+siderurgic" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://posco-india.com/website/press-room/news/posco-board-meeting-in-india.htm">"POSCO Steel’s Fourth Quarter Executive Board Meeting in India"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20120720005735/http://posco-india.com/website/press-room/news/posco-board-meeting-in-india.htm">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2012-07-20">20 iulie 2012</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Archive.is" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive.is">Archive.is</a> New Delhi, 18 octombrie 2007</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combinat_siderurgic&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combinat_siderurgic&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metalurgie" title="Metalurgie">Metalurgie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_produc%C4%83torilor_de_o%C8%9Bel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista producătorilor de oțel — pagină inexistentă">Lista producătorilor de oțel</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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