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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><p>The <b>Kingdom of Naples</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Regnum Neapolitanum</i>; <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Regno di Napoli</i>; <a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_language" title="Neapolitan language">Neapolitan</a>: <i lang="nap">Regno 'e Napule</i>) was a state that ruled the part of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Peninsula">Italian Peninsula</a> south of the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a> between 1282 and 1816. It was established by the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sicilian_Vespers" title="War of the Sicilian Vespers">War of the Sicilian Vespers</a> (1282–1302), when the <a href="/wiki/Island_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Island of Sicily">island of Sicily</a> revolted and was conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a>, becoming a separate kingdom also called the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Trinacria" title="Kingdom of Trinacria">Kingdom of Sicily</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This left the Neapolitan mainland under the possession of <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Anjou" title="Charles I of Anjou">Charles of Anjou</a>. Later, two competing lines of the Angevin family competed for the Kingdom of Naples in the late 14th century, which resulted in the death of <a href="/wiki/Joanna_I_of_Naples" title="Joanna I of Naples">Joanna I</a> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Naples" title="Charles III of Naples">Charles III of Naples</a>. Charles' daughter <a href="/wiki/Joanna_II_of_Naples" title="Joanna II of Naples">Joanna II</a> adopted King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_V_of_Aragon" title="Alfonso V of Aragon">Alfonso V of Aragon</a> as heir, who would then unite Naples into his <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Aragonese</a> dominions in 1442. </p><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Kingdom of Naples</div><div class="ib-country-names"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Regnum Neapolitanum</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Regno di Napoli</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Neapolitan-language text"><i lang="nap">Regno 'e Napule</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_language" title="Neapolitan language">Neapolitan</a>)</span></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1282–1806<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li>1815–1816</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bandera_de_N%C3%A1poles_-_Trast%C3%A1mara.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Naples"><img alt="Flag of Naples" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Bandera_de_N%C3%A1poles_-_Trast%C3%A1mara.svg/125px-Bandera_de_N%C3%A1poles_-_Trast%C3%A1mara.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Bandera_de_N%C3%A1poles_-_Trast%C3%A1mara.svg/188px-Bandera_de_N%C3%A1poles_-_Trast%C3%A1mara.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Bandera_de_N%C3%A1poles_-_Trast%C3%A1mara.svg/250px-Bandera_de_N%C3%A1poles_-_Trast%C3%A1mara.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Naples#History" title="Flag of Naples">Flag under the Aragonese Regime (1442–1516)</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I_of_Naples.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms under the Aragonese Regime of Naples"><img alt="Coat of arms under the Aragonese Regime of Naples" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I_of_Naples.svg/85px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I_of_Naples.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I_of_Naples.svg/128px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I_of_Naples.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I_of_Naples.svg/170px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Ferdinand_I_of_Naples.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="912" data-file-height="1480"></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Crown_of_Aragon#History" title="Coat of arms of the Crown of Aragon">Coat of arms under the Aragonese Regime</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Motto: </b><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Noxias herbas</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><div>Noxious herbs</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Kingdom_of_naples_with_administrative_divisions_as_they_were_in_1454.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The territory of the Kingdom of Naples in 1454"><img alt="The territory of the Kingdom of Naples in 1454" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/The_Kingdom_of_naples_with_administrative_divisions_as_they_were_in_1454.png/250px-The_Kingdom_of_naples_with_administrative_divisions_as_they_were_in_1454.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/The_Kingdom_of_naples_with_administrative_divisions_as_they_were_in_1454.png/375px-The_Kingdom_of_naples_with_administrative_divisions_as_they_were_in_1454.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/The_Kingdom_of_naples_with_administrative_divisions_as_they_were_in_1454.png/500px-The_Kingdom_of_naples_with_administrative_divisions_as_they_were_in_1454.png 2x" data-file-width="2126" data-file-height="2481"></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">The territory of the Kingdom of Naples in 1454</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Sovereign state (1282–1442; 1458–1501; 1735–1806; 1815–1816)</li><li>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a><br>(1442–1458)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">Personal union</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a> <br>(1501–1504)</li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_viceroys_of_Naples" title="List of viceroys of Naples">Viceroyalty</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a> <br> (1504–1714)</li><li>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg monarchy</a> <br> (1714–1735)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Neapolitan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Naples">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">Feudal</a> <a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">absolute monarchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Naples">King</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1282–1285 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles I of Naples">Charles I</a> (first)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1815–1816 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies">Ferdinand IV</a> (last)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Vespers" title="Sicilian Vespers">Sicilian Vespers</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1282</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Caltabellotta" title="Peace of Caltabellotta">Peace of Caltabellotta</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">31 August 1302</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_Republic_(1647)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neapolitan Republic (1647)">Neapolitan rebellion</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">7 July 1647</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rastatt" title="Treaty of Rastatt">Treaty of Rastatt</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">7 March 1714</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Campo_Tenese" title="Battle of Campo Tenese">Battle of Campo Tenese</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">10 March 1806</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Two Sicilies established</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">8 December 1816</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Naples">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1600</span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">10,000,000<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tar%C3%AC" title="Tarì">Tarì</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tornesel" title="Tornesel">Tornesel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ducat" title="Ducat">Ducat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_lira" title="Neapolitan lira">Neapolitan lira</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cavallo_(coin)" title="Cavallo (coin)">Cavallo</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples_%28Capetian_House_of_Anjou%29_type_3.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples_%28Capetian_House_of_Anjou%29_type_3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples_%28Capetian_House_of_Anjou%29_type_3.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples_%28Capetian_House_of_Anjou%29_type_3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples_%28Capetian_House_of_Anjou%29_type_3.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples_%28Capetian_House_of_Anjou%29_type_3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800"></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily"><b>1282:</b><br> Kingdom of Sicily</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Arms_of_Philippe_de_Tarente.svg/20px-Arms_of_Philippe_de_Tarente.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Arms_of_Philippe_de_Tarente.svg/30px-Arms_of_Philippe_de_Tarente.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Arms_of_Philippe_de_Tarente.svg/40px-Arms_of_Philippe_de_Tarente.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478"></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Taranto" title="Principality of Taranto"><b>1465:</b><br>Principality of Taranto</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Most_Serene_Republican_Monarchy_of_Naples.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Most_Serene_Republican_Monarchy_of_Naples.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Most_Serene_Republican_Monarchy_of_Naples.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Most_Serene_Republican_Monarchy_of_Naples.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Most_Serene_Republican_Monarchy_of_Naples.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Most_Serene_Republican_Monarchy_of_Naples.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="858"></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_Republic_(1647)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neapolitan Republic (1647)"><b>1647:</b><br>Neapolitan Republic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_the_Parthenopaean_Republic.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Parthenopaean_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_the_Parthenopaean_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Parthenopaean_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_the_Parthenopaean_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Parthenopaean_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Parthenopean_Republic" title="Parthenopean Republic"><b>1799:</b><br>Parthenopean Republic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples_%281811%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples_%281811%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples_%281811%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples_%281811%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples_%281811%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples_%281811%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="700"></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Naples (Napoleonic)"> <b>1815:</b><br>French-installed Kingdom of Naples</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_Republic_(1647)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neapolitan Republic (1647)"><b>1648:</b><br>Neapolitan Republic</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Most_Serene_Republican_Monarchy_of_Naples.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Most_Serene_Republican_Monarchy_of_Naples.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Most_Serene_Republican_Monarchy_of_Naples.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Most_Serene_Republican_Monarchy_of_Naples.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Most_Serene_Republican_Monarchy_of_Naples.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Most_Serene_Republican_Monarchy_of_Naples.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="858"></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Parthenopean_Republic" title="Parthenopean Republic"><b>1799:</b><br>Parthenopean Republic</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_the_Parthenopaean_Republic.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Parthenopaean_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_the_Parthenopaean_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Parthenopaean_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_the_Parthenopaean_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Parthenopaean_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Naples (Napoleonic)"><b>1806:</b><br>French-installed Kingdom of Naples</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Naples_%281806-1808%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Naples_%281806-1808%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Naples_%281806-1808%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Naples_%281806-1808%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Naples_%281806-1808%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Naples_%281806-1808%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies"><b>1816:</b><br>Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies_%281816%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies_%281816%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies_%281816%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies_%281816%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies_%281816%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies_%281816%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As part of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Wars" title="Italian Wars">Italian Wars</a>, France briefly ruled the territory in 1494 and at the beginning of the 16th century; it then <a href="/wiki/Italian_Wars_of_1499%E2%80%931504#Third_Italian_War" title="Italian Wars of 1499–1504">went to war</a> with Spain over the kingdom in 1502, a conflict that ended in a victory for <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon" title="Ferdinand II of Aragon">Ferdinand II</a>, who was in full control of the kingdom by 1504. The Spanish held control of Naples throughout the 17th century where it remained an important source of economic and military power for the Spanish Crown. After the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession" title="War of the Spanish Succession">War of the Spanish Succession</a> in the early 18th century, the possession of the kingdom again changed hands; the 1714 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rastatt" title="Treaty of Rastatt">Treaty of Rastatt</a> saw Naples given to <a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VI</a> of the Austrian Habsburgs. However, Naples and Sicily were <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bitonto" title="Battle of Bitonto">conquered</a> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles, Duke of Parma</a> (of the Spanish Bourbons) during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession" title="War of the Polish Succession">War of the Polish Succession</a> in 1734, he was then installed as King of Naples and Sicily from 1735. In 1816, Naples formally unified with the island of Sicily to form the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a>. </p><p>The Kingdom of Naples was one of the largest and most important <a href="/wiki/Italian_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian states">Italian states</a> throughout all its history. Its territory corresponded to the current Italian regions of <a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basilicata" title="Basilicata">Basilicata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo">Abruzzo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molise" title="Molise">Molise</a>, and also included some areas of today's southern and eastern <a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Nomenclature"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Nomenclature</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Background"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Background</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Angevin_dynasty"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Angevin dynasty</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Aragonese_dynasty"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Aragonese dynasty</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#From_French_rule_to_Spanish_viceroyalty"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">From French rule to Spanish viceroyalty</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Spanish_rule"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Spanish rule</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Austrian_Habsburgs_and_Bourbons"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Austrian Habsburgs and Bourbons</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Napoleonic_kingdom"><span class="tocnumber">2.7</span> <span class="toctext">Napoleonic kingdom</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Scientists_and_philosophers_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Scientists and philosophers of the Kingdom of Naples</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Flags"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Flags</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Naples&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Nomenclature" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>The term "Kingdom of Naples" is in near-universal use among historians, but it was not used officially by the government. Since the Angevins remained in power on the Italian peninsula, they kept the original name of the Kingdom of Sicily (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Regnum Siciliae</i></span>). At the end of the War of the Vespers, the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Caltabellotta" title="Peace of Caltabellotta">Peace of Caltabellotta</a> (1302) provided that the name of the kingdom would be the Kingdom of Sicily <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Citra Farum</i></span> had become known colloquially as the Kingdom of Naples (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Regnum Neapolitanum</i></span> or <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Regno di Napoli</i></span>). </p><p>In the late Middle Ages, it was common to distinguish the two Sicilies by noting its location relative to the rest of Italy and the <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Punta_del_Faro" class="mw-redirect" title="Punta del Faro">Punta del Faro</a></i></span>, i.e., the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Messina" title="Strait of Messina">Strait of Messina</a>. The peninsular kingdom was known as Sicily <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">citra Farum</i></span> or <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">al di qua del Faro</i></span> ('on this side of Faro'), and the island kingdom was known as Sicily <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">ultra Farum</i></span> or <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">di la del Faro</i></span> (on the other side of Faro). When both kingdoms came under the rule of <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_the_Magnanimous" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso the Magnanimous">Alfonso the Magnanimous</a> in 1442, this usage became official, although <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Naples" title="Ferdinand I of Naples">Ferdinand I</a> (1458–94) preferred the simple title King of Sicily (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Rex Sicilie</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-ES_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ES-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 18th century, the Neapolitan intellectual <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Maria_Galanti" title="Giuseppe Maria Galanti">Giuseppe Maria Galanti</a> argued that Apulia was the true "national" name of the kingdom. By the time of Alfonso the Magnanimous, the two kingdoms were sufficiently distinct that they were no longer seen as divisions of a single kingdom. Despite being repeatedly in <a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">personal union</a>, they remained administratively separate. In 1816, the two kingdoms finally merged to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.<sup id="cite_ref-ES_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ES-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Naples&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Naples&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Background" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a></div> <p>Naples, which was the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Naples" title="Duchy of Naples">Duchy of Naples</a> since the <a href="/wiki/7th_century" title="7th century">7th century</a>, surrendered to <a href="/wiki/Roger_II_of_Sicily" title="Roger II of Sicily">Roger II of Sicily</a> in 1137, and was annexed to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Normans were the first to bring political unity to southern Italy in the centuries after the failure of the Byzantine effort to reconquer Italy. The Normans established a kingdom that included southern mainland Italy and the island of Sicily, which was primarily ruled from Palermo. The title of <i>King of Sicily</i> was established by the <a href="/wiki/Antipope_Anacletus_II" title="Antipope Anacletus II">Antipope Anacletus II</a> as early as 1130 and subsequently legitimized, in 1139, by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_II" title="Pope Innocent II">Pope Innocent II</a>. Since the royal titles over the State had been assigned to the Normans by Innocent II, the popes, in particular <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_III" title="Pope Innocent III">Pope Innocent III</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_IV" title="Pope Innocent IV">Pope Innocent IV</a>, claimed the feudal rights of the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Church State</a> over the Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After <a href="/wiki/Constance_I_of_Sicily" title="Constance I of Sicily">Constance, Queen of Sicily</a> married <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor</a>, the region was inherited by their son <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a>, as King of Sicily. The region that later became the separate Kingdom of Naples under the Angevins formed part of the Kingdom of Sicily, which included the island of Sicily and <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Angevin_dynasty">Angevin dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Naples&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Angevin dynasty" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Artistic_patronage_of_the_Neapolitan_Angevin_dynasty" title="Artistic patronage of the Neapolitan Angevin dynasty">Artistic patronage of the Neapolitan Angevin dynasty</a></div> <p>Following the rebellion in 1282, King <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles I of Sicily">Charles I of Sicily</a> (Charles of Anjou) was forced to leave the island of <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> by <a href="/wiki/Peter_III_of_Aragon" title="Peter III of Aragon">Peter III of Aragon</a>'s troops. Charles, however, maintained his possessions on the mainland, customarily known as the "Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>", after its capital city. </p><p>Charles and his <a href="/wiki/Capetian_House_of_Anjou" title="Capetian House of Anjou">Angevin</a> successors maintained a claim to Sicily, warring against the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Aragonese_monarchs" title="List of Aragonese monarchs">Aragonese</a> until 1373, when Queen <a href="/wiki/Joan_I_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Joan I of Naples">Joan I of Naples</a> formally renounced the claim by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Villeneuve" title="Treaty of Villeneuve">Treaty of Villeneuve</a>. Joan's reign was contested by <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis the Great">Louis the Great</a>, the Angevin King of <a href="/wiki/History_of_Hungary" title="History of Hungary">Hungary</a>, who <a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_campaigns_of_Louis_the_Great" title="Neapolitan campaigns of Louis the Great">captured the kingdom several times (1348–1352)</a>. </p><p>Queen Joan I also played a part in the ultimate demise of the first Kingdom of Naples. As she was childless, she adopted <a href="/wiki/Louis_I,_Duke_of_Anjou" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis I, Duke of Anjou">Louis I, Duke of Anjou</a>, as her heir, in spite of the claims of her cousin, the Prince of Durazzo, effectively setting up a junior Angevin line in competition with the senior line. This led to Joan I's murder at the hands of the Prince of Durazzo in 1382, and his seizing of the throne as <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Naples" title="Charles III of Naples">Charles III of Naples</a>. </p><p>The two competing Angevin lines contested each other for the possession of the Kingdom of Naples over the following decades. In 1389 <a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Anjou" title="Louis II of Anjou">Louis II of Anjou</a> son of Louis I managed to seize the throne from <a href="/wiki/Ladislas_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Ladislas of Naples">Ladislas of Naples</a> son of Charles III, but was expelled by Ladislas in 1399. Charles III's daughter <a href="/wiki/Joanna_II_of_Naples" title="Joanna II of Naples">Joanna II</a> (r. 1414–1435) adopted <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_V_of_Aragon" title="Alfonso V of Aragon">Alfonso V of Aragon</a> (whom she later repudiated) and <a href="/wiki/Louis_III_of_Anjou" title="Louis III of Anjou">Louis III of Anjou</a> as heirs alternately, finally settling succession on Louis' brother <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_of_Anjou" title="René of Anjou">René of Anjou</a> of the junior Angevin line, and he succeeded her in 1435. </p><p>René of Anjou temporarily united the claims of junior and senior Angevin lines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aragonese_dynasty">Aragonese dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Naples&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Aragonese dynasty" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In 1442, <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_V_of_Aragon" title="Alfonso V of Aragon">Alfonso V</a> <a href="/wiki/Aragonese_conquest_of_Naples" title="Aragonese conquest of Naples">conquered the Kingdom of Naples</a> and unified Sicily and Naples once again as dependencies of <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Aragon</a>. At his death in 1458, the <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Naples#The_Angevin-Aragonese_War_(1460-1464)" title="Ferdinand I of Naples">War of the Neapolitan Succession</a> (1458–1462) erupted, after which the kingdom was again separated and Naples was inherited by <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Naples" title="Ferdinand I of Naples">Ferdinand I</a>, Alfonso's illegitimate son. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tavola_Strozzi_-_Napoli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Tavola_Strozzi_-_Napoli.jpg/300px-Tavola_Strozzi_-_Napoli.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="97" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="1142"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 97px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Tavola_Strozzi_-_Napoli.jpg/300px-Tavola_Strozzi_-_Napoli.jpg" data-width="300" data-height="97" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Tavola_Strozzi_-_Napoli.jpg/450px-Tavola_Strozzi_-_Napoli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Tavola_Strozzi_-_Napoli.jpg/600px-Tavola_Strozzi_-_Napoli.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Naples in the 15th century.</figcaption></figure> <p>When Ferdinand I died in 1494, <a href="/wiki/Charles_VIII_of_France" title="Charles VIII of France">Charles VIII of France</a> invaded Italy, using as a pretext the Angevin claim to the throne of Naples, which his father had inherited in 1481 on the will of <a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_Anjou" title="Charles IV of Anjou">Charles IV of Anjou</a>, nephew and heir of King René who had no surviving son. This began the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Wars" title="Italian Wars">Italian Wars</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_French_rule_to_Spanish_viceroyalty">From French rule to Spanish viceroyalty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Naples&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: From French rule to Spanish viceroyalty" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Charles VIII expelled <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_II_of_Naples" title="Alfonso II of Naples">Alfonso II of Naples</a> from Naples in 1495, but was soon forced to withdraw due to the support of <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon" title="Ferdinand II of Aragon">Ferdinand II of Aragon</a> for his cousin, Alfonso II's son <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Naples" title="Ferdinand II of Naples">Ferrantino</a>. Ferrantino was restored to the throne but died in 1496 and was succeeded by his uncle, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_IV_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick IV of Naples">Frederick IV</a>. </p><p>Charles VIII's successor, <a href="/wiki/Louis_XII" title="Louis XII">Louis XII</a> reiterated the French claim. In 1501, he occupied Naples and partitioned the kingdom with Ferdinand of Aragon, who abandoned his cousin King Frederick. However, disputes over ownership of key Neapolitan territories made the deal quickly fall through, and Aragon and France <a href="/wiki/Italian_Wars_of_1499%E2%80%931504#Third_Italian_War" title="Italian Wars of 1499–1504">resumed their war</a> over the kingdom in 1502. The Spanish troops occupying <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Fernandez_de_Cordova" class="mw-redirect" title="Gonzalo Fernandez de Cordova">Gonzalo Fernandez de Cordova</a>, invaded and expelled all Frenchmen from the area. The resulting Aragonese victory left Ferdinand in full control of the kingdom by 1504 and Naples became a constituent kingdom of the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a>. </p><p>The peace treaties that continued were never definitive, but they established at least that the title of <a href="/wiki/King_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Naples">King of Naples</a> was reserved for Ferdinand's grandson, the future <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor</a>. Ferdinand nevertheless continued in possession of the kingdom, being considered the legitimate heir of his uncle Alfonso I of Naples (Alfonso V of Aragon) and also to the former <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a> (<i>Regnum Utriusque Siciliae</i>). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Domenico_Gargiulo_-_Piazza_del_Mercato_during_the_Revolt_of_Masaniello.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Domenico_Gargiulo_-_Piazza_del_Mercato_during_the_Revolt_of_Masaniello.jpg/220px-Domenico_Gargiulo_-_Piazza_del_Mercato_during_the_Revolt_of_Masaniello.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2188" data-file-height="1530"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 154px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Domenico_Gargiulo_-_Piazza_del_Mercato_during_the_Revolt_of_Masaniello.jpg/220px-Domenico_Gargiulo_-_Piazza_del_Mercato_during_the_Revolt_of_Masaniello.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="154" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Domenico_Gargiulo_-_Piazza_del_Mercato_during_the_Revolt_of_Masaniello.jpg/330px-Domenico_Gargiulo_-_Piazza_del_Mercato_during_the_Revolt_of_Masaniello.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Domenico_Gargiulo_-_Piazza_del_Mercato_during_the_Revolt_of_Masaniello.jpg/440px-Domenico_Gargiulo_-_Piazza_del_Mercato_during_the_Revolt_of_Masaniello.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Naples during the revolt of <a href="/wiki/Masaniello" title="Masaniello">Masaniello</a> in 1647</figcaption></figure> <p>The kingdom continued to be disputed between France and Spain for the next several decades, but French efforts to gain control of it became feebler as <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Habsburg</a> power grew, and never genuinely endangered Spanish control. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish_rule">Spanish rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Naples&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Spanish rule" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The French finally abandoned their claims to Naples by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Cateau-Cambr%C3%A9sis" title="Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis">Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis</a> in 1559. In the Treaty of London (1557), five cities on the coast of <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a> were designated the <i>Stato dei Presidi</i> (<a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Presidi" title="State of the Presidi">State of the Presidi</a>), and part of the Kingdom of Naples. </p><p>As the most populous holding of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a> outside of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Castile</a> itself (with 3 million inhabitants in 1600),<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Naples remained an important source of economic and military power for the Spanish. Heavy taxation was levied upon the kingdom to pay for Spain's wars, especially after 1580. Beyond dispatching troops to fight the <a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">Eighty Years' War</a> in the Low Countries, Naples also disbursed a third of the military expenditures accruing to the Spanish controlled <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Milan" title="Duchy of Milan">Duchy of Milan</a> and paid for the Spanish garrisons in Tuscany. This cost the kingdom 800,000 ducats annually, or about a third of the kingdom's revenues; moreover, the public debt also had a military origin, and interest payments on it devoured 40 percent of all tax income. Naples was rich enough to redeem the debt and pay an attractive ten percent in full to lenders. While the soldiers of Naples were under the command of the Spanish viceroy, Neapolitan nobles enjoyed ascendancy in the assemblies and committees that financed and administered the army.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The kingdom suffered a heavy burden from the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Spanish_War_(1635%E2%80%931659)" title="Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)">Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)</a>. From 1631 to 1636 alone, Naples sent 53,500 soldiers and 3.5 million <a href="/wiki/Italian_scudo" title="Italian scudo">scudi</a> to support the Spanish king.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was actually more than was raised in the same time by <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Castile</a>, which had a population twice the size. Naples provided and paid for 10,000 troops and 1,000 horses annually from 1630 to 1643, on top of a 1 million ducat annual subsidy for the war effort and more funds and soldiers for the kingdom's garrisons and navy.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The kingdom was increasingly forced to revert to borrowing to finance the war as it went on, which it could do due to its good credit. From 1612 to 1646, Neapolitan taxes tripled and the public debt quintupled, and 57 percent of the kingdom's revenue was devoted to interest payments. Spain's wars crushed the Neapolitan economy. Furthermore, 90 percent of taxes were collected by state creditors, meaning the state paid an effective interest rate of 70 percent annually on the money it borrowed to fight the war. The kingdom started selling state assets to anyone willing to buy them, which usually ended up being barons; these assets included prisons, forests, buildings, and even royal fortresses, as well as titles.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to this excessive taxation the people of Naples rose in revolt in 1647, forming the <a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_Republic_(1647)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neapolitan Republic (1647)">Neapolitan Republic</a> with French assistance. The revolt was suppressed later that year by Spanish troops. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Austrian_Habsburgs_and_Bourbons">Austrian Habsburgs and Bourbons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Naples&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Austrian Habsburgs and Bourbons" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Province_napoletane_(1454).PNG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Province_napoletane_%281454%29.PNG/200px-Province_napoletane_%281454%29.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="174" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1679" data-file-height="1460"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 174px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Province_napoletane_%281454%29.PNG/200px-Province_napoletane_%281454%29.PNG" data-width="200" data-height="174" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Province_napoletane_%281454%29.PNG/300px-Province_napoletane_%281454%29.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Province_napoletane_%281454%29.PNG/400px-Province_napoletane_%281454%29.PNG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Provinces of the "Kingdom of Naples"</figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession" title="War of the Spanish Succession">War of the Spanish Succession</a> in the early 18th century, possession of the kingdom again changed hands. Under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rastatt" title="Treaty of Rastatt">Treaty of Rastatt</a> in 1714, Naples was given to <a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VI</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a>. He also gained control of <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> in 1720, but Austrian rule did not last long. Both Naples and Sicily were <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bitonto" title="Battle of Bitonto">conquered</a> by a Spanish army during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession" title="War of the Polish Succession">War of the Polish Succession</a> in 1734, and <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles, Duke of Parma</a>, a younger son of King <a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip V of Spain</a>, the first member of the French <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a> to rule in Spain, was installed as King of Naples and Sicily from 1735. When Charles inherited the Spanish throne from his older half-brother in 1759, he left Naples and Sicily to his younger son, <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies">Ferdinand IV</a>. Despite the two Kingdoms being in a <a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">personal union</a> under the Habsburg and Bourbon dynasties, they remained constitutionally separate. </p><p>Being a member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a>, Ferdinand IV was a natural opponent of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>. On 29 November 1798, he effectively started the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Second_Coalition" title="War of the Second Coalition">War of the Second Coalition</a> by briefly occupying Rome, but was expelled from it by French Revolutionary forces within the year and safely returned home. Soon afterwards, on 23 December 1798, Ferdinand fled <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a> to <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a> as a French army closed in. In January 1799, the French armies installed a <a href="/wiki/Parthenopaean_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Parthenopaean Republic">Parthenopaean Republic</a>, but this proved short-lived, and a peasant counter-revolution inspired by the clergy allowed Ferdinand to return to his capital. However, in 1801 Ferdinand was compelled to make important concessions to the French by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Florence" title="Treaty of Florence">Treaty of Florence</a>, which reinforced France's position as the dominant power in mainland Italy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Napoleonic_kingdom">Napoleonic kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Naples&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Napoleonic kingdom" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Naples (Napoleonic)">Kingdom of Naples (Napoleonic)</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Italy_Regno_di_Napoli.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Map_of_Italy_Regno_di_Napoli.svg/200px-Map_of_Italy_Regno_di_Napoli.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="260" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1077" data-file-height="1401"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 260px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Map_of_Italy_Regno_di_Napoli.svg/200px-Map_of_Italy_Regno_di_Napoli.svg.png" data-width="200" data-height="260" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Map_of_Italy_Regno_di_Napoli.svg/300px-Map_of_Italy_Regno_di_Napoli.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Map_of_Italy_Regno_di_Napoli.svg/400px-Map_of_Italy_Regno_di_Napoli.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Territorial evolution of the "Kingdom of Naples"</figcaption></figure> <p>Ferdinand's decision to ally with the <a href="/wiki/Third_Coalition" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Coalition">Third Coalition</a> against <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> in 1805 proved more damaging. In 1806, following decisive victories over the allied armies at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Austerlitz" title="Battle of Austerlitz">Austerlitz</a> and over the Neapolitans at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Campo_Tenese" title="Battle of Campo Tenese">Campo Tenese</a>, Napoleon installed his brother, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Joseph Bonaparte">Joseph</a> as King of Naples, he conferred the title "Prince of Naples" to be hereditary on his children and grandchildren. When Joseph was sent off to <a href="/wiki/Spain_under_Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Spain under Joseph Bonaparte">Spain</a> two years later, he was replaced by Napoleon's sister <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Bonaparte" title="Caroline Bonaparte">Caroline</a> and his brother-in-law Marshal <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Murat" title="Joachim Murat">Joachim Murat</a>, as <i>King of the Two Sicilies</i>. </p><p>Meanwhile, Ferdinand had fled to Sicily, where he retained his throne, despite successive attempts by Murat to invade the island. The British would defend Sicily for the remainder of the war but despite the Kingdom of Sicily nominally being part of the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Coalition" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth Coalition">Fourth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Coalition" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth Coalition">Fifth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sixth_Coalition" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixth Coalition">Sixth</a> Coalitions against Napoleon, Ferdinand and the British were unable to ever challenge French control of the Italian mainland. </p><p>After Napoleon's defeat in 1814, Murat reached an agreement with Austria and was allowed to retain the throne of Naples, despite the lobbying efforts of Ferdinand and his supporters. However, with most of the other powers, particularly Britain, hostile towards him and dependent on the uncertain support of Austria, Murat's position became less and less secure. Therefore, when Napoleon returned to France for the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days" title="Hundred Days">Hundred Days</a> in 1815, Murat once again sided with him. Realising the Austrians would soon attempt to remove him, Murat gave the <a href="/wiki/Rimini_Proclamation" title="Rimini Proclamation">Rimini Proclamation</a> hoping to save his kingdom by allying himself with Italian nationalists. </p><p>The ensuing <a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_War" title="Neapolitan War">Neapolitan War</a> between Murat and the Austrians was short, ending with a decisive victory for the Austrian forces at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tolentino" title="Battle of Tolentino">Battle of Tolentino</a>. Murat was forced to flee, and Ferdinand IV was restored to the throne of Naples. Murat would attempt to regain his throne but was quickly captured and executed by firing squad in <a href="/wiki/Pizzo,_Calabria" title="Pizzo, Calabria">Pizzo, Calabria</a>. The next year, 1816, finally saw the formal union of the Kingdom of Naples with the Kingdom of Sicily into the new <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Scientists_and_philosophers_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples">Scientists and philosophers of the Kingdom of Naples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Naples&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Scientists and philosophers of the Kingdom of Naples" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trotula" title="Trotula">Trotula</a> (11th–12th century), early representative and pioneer of women's medicine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trota_of_Salerno" title="Trota of Salerno">Trota of Salerno</a> (12th–13th century), doctor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barlaam_of_Seminara" title="Barlaam of Seminara">Barlaam of Seminara</a> (1290–1348), mathematician and philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Ranzano" title="Pietro Ranzano">Pietro Ranzano</a> (1428–1492), Italian <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_humanism" title="Renaissance humanism">humanist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominican</a> friar, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Lucera" title="Lucera">Lucera</a>, historian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luca_Gaurico" title="Luca Gaurico">Luca Gaurico</a> (1475–1558), astronomer and mathematician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Maranta" title="Bartolomeo Maranta">Bartolomeo Maranta</a> (1500–1571), physician and botanist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Filippo_Ingrassia" title="Giovanni Filippo Ingrassia">Giovanni Filippo Ingrassia</a> (1510–1580), the anatomist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloysius_Lilius" title="Aloysius Lilius">Aloysius Lilius</a> (1510–1576), mathematician and astronomer, principal creator of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giambattista_della_Porta" title="Giambattista della Porta">Giambattista della Porta</a> (1535–1615), Renaissance sage, physician and botanist, author of <i><a href="/wiki/Magia_Naturalis" title="Magia Naturalis">Magia Naturalis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giordano_Bruno" title="Giordano Bruno">Giordano Bruno</a> (1548–1600), mathematician, astronomer, physicist, philosopher whose theories predict modern science</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabio_Colonna" title="Fabio Colonna">Fabio Colonna</a> (1567–1640), botanist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Aurelio_Severino" title="Marco Aurelio Severino">Marco Aurelio Severino</a> (1580–1656), surgeon and anatomist; first to include drawings of pathological lesions in his books.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Zupi" title="Giovanni Battista Zupi">Giovanni Battista Zupi</a> (1590–1650), astronomer, first to observe the phases of Mercury</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Hodierna" title="Giovanni Battista Hodierna">Giovanni Battista Hodierna</a> (1597–1660), astronomer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Alfonso_Borelli" title="Giovanni Alfonso Borelli">Giovanni Alfonso Borelli</a> (1608–1679), physicist and mathematician who contributed to the principle of modern scientific inquiry by continuing Galileo's practice of testing hypotheses against observation. Having studied mathematics, Borelli also did extensive work on the moons of Jupiter, the mechanics of animal movements, and microscopically on the components of blood. He also used microscopy to investigate the stoma movement of plants and conducted studies in the field of medicine and geology.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Scilla" title="Agostino Scilla">Agostino Scilla</a> (1609–1650), the archaeologist who initiated the modern scientific study of fossils</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Ximenes" title="Leonardo Ximenes">Leonardo Ximenes</a> (1716–1786), mathematician, astronomer, physicist, geographer, engineer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domenico_Cotugno" title="Domenico Cotugno">Domenico Cotugno</a> (1736–1822), physician, first to provide the definitions of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and sciatica.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Cavallo" title="Tiberius Cavallo">Tiberius Cavallo</a> (1746–1809), physicist, natural philosopher, inventor, scientist conducting electrical experiments</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saverio_Poli" title="Giuseppe Saverio Poli">Giuseppe Saverio Poli</a> (1746–1825), physicist, biology, natural historian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annibale_de_Gasparis" title="Annibale de Gasparis">Annibale de Gasparis</a> (1819–1892), astronomer known for his discovery of asteroids and his contributions to theoretical astronomy.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Cerulli" title="Vincenzo Cerulli">Vincenzo Cerulli</a> (1859–1927), astronomer especially known for his work on Mars and Venus and his discovery of the minor planet <a href="/wiki/704_Interamnia" title="704 Interamnia">704 Interamnia</a>.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Flags">Flags</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Naples&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Flags" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="1282–1442 Angevin flag of Naples"><noscript><img alt="1282–1442 Angevin flag of Naples" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 72px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples.svg.png" data-alt="1282–1442 Angevin flag of Naples" data-width="120" data-height="72" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples.svg/240px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1282–1442<br>Angevin flag of Naples</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bandera_de_N%C3%A1poles_-_Trast%C3%A1mara.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="1442–1516 Flag changed after Alfonso I of the House of Trastámara became King."><noscript><img alt="1442–1516 Flag changed after Alfonso I of the House of Trastámara became King." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Bandera_de_N%C3%A1poles_-_Trast%C3%A1mara.svg/120px-Bandera_de_N%C3%A1poles_-_Trast%C3%A1mara.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Bandera_de_N%C3%A1poles_-_Trast%C3%A1mara.svg/120px-Bandera_de_N%C3%A1poles_-_Trast%C3%A1mara.svg.png" data-alt="1442–1516 Flag changed after Alfonso I of the House of Trastámara became King." data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Bandera_de_N%C3%A1poles_-_Trast%C3%A1mara.svg/180px-Bandera_de_N%C3%A1poles_-_Trast%C3%A1mara.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Bandera_de_N%C3%A1poles_-_Trast%C3%A1mara.svg/240px-Bandera_de_N%C3%A1poles_-_Trast%C3%A1mara.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1442–1516<br>Flag changed after <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_V_of_Aragon" title="Alfonso V of Aragon">Alfonso I</a> of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Trast%C3%A1mara" title="House of Trastámara">House of Trastámara</a> became King.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The kingdom adopted the flag of the Spanish Empire when the Habsburg Charles V became King of Naples in 1516."><noscript><img alt="The kingdom adopted the flag of the Spanish Empire when the Habsburg Charles V became King of Naples in 1516." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/120px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/120px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" data-alt="The kingdom adopted the flag of the Spanish Empire when the Habsburg Charles V became King of Naples in 1516." data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/180px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/240px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The kingdom adopted the flag of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a> when the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg">Habsburg</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a> became King of Naples in 1516.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_(1400-1806).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="1714–1734 Flag changed after Charles VI became King."><noscript><img alt="1714–1734 Flag changed after Charles VI became King." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/120px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/120px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png" data-alt="1714–1734 Flag changed after Charles VI became King." data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/180px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/240px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1714–1734<br>Flag changed after <a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VI</a> became King.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies_(1816).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="1735–1806; 1815–1816 Flag changed after Charles VII became King of Naples. Flag was reinstated as the flag of Naples after the Napoleonic Wars."><noscript><img alt="1735–1806; 1815–1816 Flag changed after Charles VII became King of Naples. Flag was reinstated as the flag of Naples after the Napoleonic Wars." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies_%281816%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies_%281816%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies_%281816%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies_%281816%29.svg.png" data-alt="1735–1806; 1815–1816 Flag changed after Charles VII became King of Naples. Flag was reinstated as the flag of Naples after the Napoleonic Wars." data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies_%281816%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies_%281816%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies_%281816%29.svg/240px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies_%281816%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1735–1806; 1815–1816<br>Flag changed after <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles VII</a> became King of Naples. Flag was reinstated as the flag of Naples after the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Naples_(1806-1808).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="1806–1808 Flag of Naples changed after Joseph Bonaparte became king."><noscript><img alt="1806–1808 Flag of Naples changed after Joseph Bonaparte became king." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Naples_%281806-1808%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Naples_%281806-1808%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Naples_%281806-1808%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Naples_%281806-1808%29.svg.png" data-alt="1806–1808 Flag of Naples changed after Joseph Bonaparte became king." data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Naples_%281806-1808%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Naples_%281806-1808%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Naples_%281806-1808%29.svg/240px-Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Naples_%281806-1808%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1806–1808<br>Flag of Naples changed after <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Joseph Bonaparte">Joseph Bonaparte</a> became king.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples_(1808).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="1808–1811 Flag of Naples changed after Joachim Murat became king."><noscript><img alt="1808–1811 Flag of Naples changed after Joachim Murat became king." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples_%281808%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples_%281808%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples_%281808%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples_%281808%29.svg.png" data-alt="1808–1811 Flag of Naples changed after Joachim Murat became king." data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples_%281808%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples_%281808%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples_%281808%29.svg/240px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples_%281808%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1808–1811<br>Flag of Naples changed after <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Murat" title="Joachim Murat">Joachim Murat</a> became king.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples_(1811).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="1811–1815 Flag of Naples changed"><noscript><img alt="1811–1815 Flag of Naples changed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples_%281811%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples_%281811%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="700"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 76px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples_%281811%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples_%281811%29.svg.png" data-alt="1811–1815 Flag of Naples changed" data-width="120" data-height="76" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples_%281811%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples_%281811%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples_%281811%29.svg/240px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Naples_%281811%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1811–1815<br>Flag of Naples changed</div> </li> </ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Naples&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Naples" title="History of Naples">History of Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Naples">List of monarchs of Naples</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Naples&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSummonte1675" class="citation web cs1">Summonte, Giovanni Antonio (1675). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326003343/http://books.google.it/books?id=xxjjaM6iUZgC&printsec=titlepage&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0#PPA318">"Dell'Historia della città, e regno di Napoli"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xxjjaM6iUZgC">the original</a> on 26 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dell%27Historia+della+citt%C3%A0%2C+e+regno+di+Napoli&rft.date=1675&rft.aulast=Summonte&rft.aufirst=Giovanni+Antonio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxxjjaM6iUZgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Naples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hanlon 1997, p. 50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFremont-Barnes2007" class="citation book cs1">Fremont-Barnes, Gregory (2007). <i>Encyclopedia of the Age of Political Revolutions and New Ideologies, 1760–1815</i>. Vol. 1. Greenwood. p. 495. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33446-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33446-7"><bdi>978-0-313-33446-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Age+of+Political+Revolutions+and+New+Ideologies%2C+1760%E2%80%931815&rft.pages=495&rft.pub=Greenwood&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33446-7&rft.aulast=Fremont-Barnes&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Naples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGalasso" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Galasso, Giuseppe. <i>Il regno di Napoli: Il Mezzogiorno angioino e aragonese, 1266–1494</i> (in Italian). UTET.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Il+regno+di+Napoli%3A+Il+Mezzogiorno+angioino+e+aragonese%2C+1266%E2%80%931494&rft.pub=UTET&rft.aulast=Galasso&rft.aufirst=Giuseppe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Naples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ES-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ES_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ES_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eleni Sakellariou, <i>Southern Italy in the Late Middle Ages: Demographic, Institutional and Economic Change in the Kingdom of Naples, c.1440–c.1530</i> (Brill, 2012), pp. 63–64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/sergio-vii-duca-di-napoli">"Sèrgio VII duca di Napoli nell'Enciclopedia Treccani"</a>. <i>www.treccani.it</i> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190730033029/http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/sergio-vii-duca-di-napoli/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.treccani.it&rft.atitle=S%C3%A8rgio+VII+duca+di+Napoli+nell%27Enciclopedia+Treccani&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.treccani.it%2Fenciclopedia%2Fsergio-vii-duca-di-napoli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Naples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPescatore" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pescatore, Gerardo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.avellinesi.it/L%27incontro%20di%20Avellino.pdf">"L'incontro di Avellino (1130)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210625163006/http://www.avellinesi.it/L%27incontro%20di%20Avellino.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 25 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L%27incontro+di+Avellino+%281130%29&rft.aulast=Pescatore&rft.aufirst=Gerardo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.avellinesi.it%2FL%2527incontro%2520di%2520Avellino.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Naples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1600" title="List of countries by population in 1600">List of countries by population in 1600</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanlon1560–1800" class="citation book cs1">Hanlon, Gregory (1560–1800). <i>The Twilight Of A Military Tradition: Italian Aristocrats And European Conflicts</i>. Routledge. p. 384. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-36142-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-36142-6"><bdi>978-1-135-36142-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Twilight+Of+A+Military+Tradition%3A+Italian+Aristocrats+And+European+Conflicts&rft.pages=384&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1560&rft.isbn=978-1-135-36142-6&rft.aulast=Hanlon&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Naples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gregory Hanlon. <i>The Hero of Italy: Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma, his Soldiers, and his Subjects in the Thirty Years' War.</i> Routledge: 2014, p. 116. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199687244" title="Special:BookSources/9780199687244">9780199687244</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hanlon 1997, p. 119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hanlon 1997, pp. 119–120.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Naples&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In 1799, there was an brief interregnum for about 5 months during which the <a href="/wiki/Parthenopean_Republic" title="Parthenopean Republic">Parthenopean Republic</a>, a French-supported <a href="/wiki/Puppet_state" title="Puppet state">puppet state</a>, operated.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Presumed motto, not official. A legend has it that the motto of the kingdom was <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Noxias herbas</i></span> ('noxious herbs'), chosen by <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Anjou" title="Charles I of Anjou">Charles I of Anjou</a> in reference to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rake_(heraldry)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rake (heraldry) (page does not exist)">rake</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastrello_(araldica)" class="extiw" title="it:Rastrello (araldica)">it</a>]</span> present on the coat of arms, which would have symbolized the expulsion of the Swabian "weed". This hypothesis is rejected by Giovanni Antonio Summonte, who explains that the rake (which is actually a <a href="/wiki/Label_(heraldry)" title="Label (heraldry)">label</a>) indicated that the Angevins were a cadet branch of the <a href="/wiki/Capetians" class="mw-redirect" title="Capetians">Capetians</a>, from whom they inherited the coat of arms with the golden <a href="/wiki/Fleurs-de-lis" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleurs-de-lis">fleurs-de-lis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Naples&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Bibliography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColletta1858" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Colletta" title="Pietro Colletta">Colletta, Pietro</a> (1858), <i>History of the Kingdom of Naples, 1734–1825 (with a supplementary chapter 1825–1856)</i>, translated by Susan Horner, Edinburgh: T. Constable</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Kingdom+of+Naples%2C+1734%E2%80%931825+%28with+a+supplementary+chapter+1825%E2%80%931856%29&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=T.+Constable&rft.date=1858&rft.aulast=Colletta&rft.aufirst=Pietro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Naples" class="Z3988"></span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historykingdomn00collgoog">vol. 1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historykingdomn04collgoog">vol. 2</a> (reprinted in one volume with a new introduction by John Davis as <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XGKgPQAACAAJ"><i>The History of the Kingdom of Naples: From the Accession of Charles of Bourbon to the Death of Ferdinand I</i></a>, London: Tauris, 2009)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLéonard1954" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile-Guillaume_L%C3%A9onard" title="Émile-Guillaume Léonard">Léonard, Émile-Guillaume</a> (1954), <i>Les Angevins de Naples</i>, Paris: Presses universitaires de France</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Angevins+de+Naples&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Presses+universitaires+de+France&rft.date=1954&rft.aulast=L%C3%A9onard&rft.aufirst=%C3%89mile-Guillaume&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Naples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCroce1970" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Croce" title="Benedetto Croce">Croce, Benedetto</a> (1970), H. Stuart Hughes (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofkingdom0000croc"><i>History of the Kingdom of Naples</i></a>, translated by Frances Frenaye, Chicago: University of Chicago Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Kingdom+of+Naples&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Croce&rft.aufirst=Benedetto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofkingdom0000croc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Naples" class="Z3988"></span> (English translation of the revised 3rd edn. (1953) of <i>Storia del regno di Napoli</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/croce-storia-del-regno-di-napoli">1st edn.</a> Bari: Laterza, 1925)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyder1976" class="citation cs2">Ryder, Alan (1976), <i>The Kingdom of Naples under Alfonso the Magnanimous: The Making of a Modern State</i>, Oxford: Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0198225355" title="Special:BookSources/978-0198225355"><bdi>978-0198225355</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kingdom+of+Naples+under+Alfonso+the+Magnanimous%3A+The+Making+of+a+Modern+State&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0198225355&rft.aulast=Ryder&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Naples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLabrot1979" class="citation cs2">Labrot, Gérard (1979), <i>Baroni in città. Residenze e comportamenti dell'aristocrazia napoletana, 1530–1734</i>, Naples: Società editrice napoletana</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Baroni+in+citt%C3%A0.+Residenze+e+comportamenti+dell%27aristocrazia+napoletana%2C+1530%E2%80%931734&rft.place=Naples&rft.pub=Societ%C3%A0+editrice+napoletana&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Labrot&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Naples" class="Z3988"></span> [ISBN unspecified]</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelille1985" class="citation cs2">Delille, Gérard (1985), <i>Famille et propriété dans le royaume de Naples (XVe–XIXe siècles)</i>, Rome: École française de Rome, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2728300792" title="Special:BookSources/978-2728300792"><bdi>978-2728300792</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Famille+et+propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9+dans+le+royaume+de+Naples+%28XVe%E2%80%93XIXe+si%C3%A8cles%29&rft.place=Rome&rft.pub=%C3%89cole+fran%C3%A7aise+de+Rome&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-2728300792&rft.aulast=Delille&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Naples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGalassoRomeo1986–1991" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Galasso" title="Giuseppe Galasso">Galasso, Giuseppe</a>; Romeo, Rosario, eds. (1986–1991), <i>Storia del Mezzogiorno</i>, vol. 1–15, Napoli: Edizioni del Sole</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Storia+del+Mezzogiorno&rft.place=Napoli&rft.pub=Edizioni+del+Sole&rft.date=1986%2F1991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Naples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarino1988" class="citation cs2">Marino, John A. (1988), <i>Pastoral Economics in the Kingdom of Naples</i>, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0801834370" title="Special:BookSources/978-0801834370"><bdi>978-0801834370</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pastoral+Economics+in+the+Kingdom+of+Naples&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0801834370&rft.aulast=Marino&rft.aufirst=John+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Naples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGalasso1992–2011" class="citation cs2">Galasso, Giuseppe, ed. (1992–2011), <i>Il regno di Napoli</i>, Storia d'Italia, 15, vol. 1–6, Torino: UTET, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8802044996" title="Special:BookSources/8802044996"><bdi>8802044996</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Il+regno+di+Napoli&rft.place=Torino&rft.series=Storia+d%27Italia%2C+15&rft.pub=UTET&rft.date=1992%2F2011&rft.isbn=8802044996&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Naples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLabrot1995" class="citation cs2">Labrot, Gérard (1995), <i>Quand l'histoire murmure. Villages et campagnes du Royaume de Naples (XVIe–XVIIIe siècle)</i>, Rome: École française de Rome, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2728303274" title="Special:BookSources/978-2728303274"><bdi>978-2728303274</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quand+l%27histoire+murmure.+Villages+et+campagnes+du+Royaume+de+Naples+%28XVIe%E2%80%93XVIIIe+si%C3%A8cle%29&rft.place=Rome&rft.pub=%C3%89cole+fran%C3%A7aise+de+Rome&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-2728303274&rft.aulast=Labrot&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Naples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunbabin1998" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Dunbabin" title="Jean Dunbabin">Dunbabin, Jean</a> (1998), <i>Charles I of Anjou: Power, Kingship and State-Making in Thirteenth-Century Europe</i>, London: Routledge, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0582253704" title="Special:BookSources/978-0582253704"><bdi>978-0582253704</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Charles+I+of+Anjou%3A+Power%2C+Kingship+and+State-Making+in+Thirteenth-Century+Europe&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0582253704&rft.aulast=Dunbabin&rft.aufirst=Jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Naples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKiesewetter1999" class="citation cs2">Kiesewetter, Andreas (1999), <i>Die Anfänge der Regierung König Karls II. von Anjou (1278–1295). Das Königreich Neapel, die Grafschaft Provence und der Mittelmeerraum zu Ausgang des 13. Jahrhunderts</i>, Husum: Matthiesen, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3786814511" title="Special:BookSources/3786814511"><bdi>3786814511</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Anf%C3%A4nge+der+Regierung+K%C3%B6nig+Karls+II.+von+Anjou+%281278%E2%80%931295%29.+Das+K%C3%B6nigreich+Neapel%2C+die+Grafschaft+Provence+und+der+Mittelmeerraum+zu+Ausgang+des+13.+Jahrhunderts&rft.place=Husum&rft.pub=Matthiesen&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=3786814511&rft.aulast=Kiesewetter&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Naples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorter2000" class="citation cs2">Porter, Jeanne Chenault (2000), <i>Baroque Naples: A Documentary History 1600–1800</i>, New York: Italica, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0934977524" title="Special:BookSources/978-0934977524"><bdi>978-0934977524</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/43167960">43167960</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Baroque+Naples%3A+A+Documentary+History+1600%E2%80%931800&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Italica&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F43167960&rft.isbn=978-0934977524&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Jeanne+Chenault&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Naples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSantore2001" class="citation cs2">Santore, John (2001), <i>Modern Naples: A Documentary History 1799–1999</i>, New York: Italica, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0934977531" title="Special:BookSources/978-0934977531"><bdi>978-0934977531</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/45087196">45087196</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Naples%3A+A+Documentary+History+1799%E2%80%931999&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Italica&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F45087196&rft.isbn=978-0934977531&rft.aulast=Santore&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Naples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollastri2011" class="citation cs2">Pollastri, Sylvie (2011), <i>Le lignage et le fief. L'affirmation du milieu comtal et la construction des états féodaux sous les Angevins de Naples (1265–1435)</i>, Paris: Publibook, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2748367409" title="Special:BookSources/978-2748367409"><bdi>978-2748367409</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+lignage+et+le+fief.+L%27affirmation+du+milieu+comtal+et+la+construction+des+%C3%A9tats+f%C3%A9odaux+sous+les+Angevins+de+Naples+%281265%E2%80%931435%29&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Publibook&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-2748367409&rft.aulast=Pollastri&rft.aufirst=Sylvie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Naples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSakellariou2012" class="citation cs2">Sakellariou, Eleni (2012), <i>Southern Italy in the Late Middle Ages: Demographic, Institutional, and Economic Change in the Kingdom of Naples, c. 1440–c. 1530</i>, Leiden: Brill, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-22406-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-22406-3"><bdi>978-90-04-22406-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southern+Italy+in+the+Late+Middle+Ages%3A+Demographic%2C+Institutional%2C+and+Economic+Change+in+the+Kingdom+of+Naples%2C+c.+1440%E2%80%93c.+1530&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-90-04-22406-3&rft.aulast=Sakellariou&rft.aufirst=Eleni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Naples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMusto2013" class="citation cs2">Musto, Ronald G. (2013), <i>Medieval Naples: A Documentary History 400–1400</i>, New York: Italica, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1599102474" title="Special:BookSources/978-1599102474"><bdi>978-1599102474</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/810773043">810773043</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Naples%3A+A+Documentary+History+400%E2%80%931400&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Italica&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F810773043&rft.isbn=978-1599102474&rft.aulast=Musto&rft.aufirst=Ronald+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingdom+of+Naples" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output 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.tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div> <p><span class="metadata coord-missing"></span> </p>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Naples&oldid=1259923984">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Naples&oldid=1259923984</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Naples&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Onel5969" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1732741187"> <span>Last edited on 27 November 2024, at 20:59</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigreich_Neapel" title="Königreich Neapel – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Königreich Neapel" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="مملكة نابولي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مملكة نابولي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_N%C3%A1pols" title="Reino de Nápols – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Reino de Nápols" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinu_de_N%C3%A1poles" title="Reinu de Nápoles – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Reinu de Nápoles" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapol_krall%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Neapol krallığı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Neapol krallığı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli_%C3%94ng-kok" title="Napoli Ông-kok – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Napoli Ông-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Неапалітанскае каралеўства – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Неапалітанскае каралеўства" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Неаполитанско кралство – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Неаполитанско кралство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napuljska_Kraljevina" title="Napuljska Kraljevina – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Napuljska Kraljevina" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouantelezh_Naplez" title="Rouantelezh Naplez – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rouantelezh Naplez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regne_de_N%C3%A0pols" title="Regne de Nàpols – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Regne de Nàpols" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapolsk%C3%A9_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD" title="Neapolské království – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Neapolské království" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnu_di_Napuli" title="Regnu di Napuli – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Regnu di Napuli" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongeriget_Napoli" title="Kongeriget Napoli – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kongeriget Napoli" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigreich_Neapel" title="Königreich Neapel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Königreich Neapel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli_kuningriik" title="Napoli kuningriik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Napoli kuningriik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9D%CE%B5%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%89%CF%82" title="Βασίλειο της Νεαπόλεως – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βασίλειο της Νεαπόλεως" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_N%C3%A1poles" title="Reino de Nápoles – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Reino de Nápoles" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re%C4%9Dlando_de_Napolo" title="Reĝlando de Napolo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Reĝlando de Napolo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoliko_Erresuma" title="Napoliko Erresuma – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Napoliko Erresuma" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="پادشاهی ناپولی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پادشاهی ناپولی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royaume_de_Naples" title="Royaume de Naples – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Royaume de Naples" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ACoghachd_Napoli" title="Rìoghachd Napoli – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Rìoghachd Napoli" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_N%C3%A1poles" title="Reino de Nápoles – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Reino de Nápoles" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%98%ED%8F%B4%EB%A6%AC_%EC%99%95%EA%B5%AD" title="나폴리 왕국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="나폴리 왕국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%AB_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Նեապոլի թագավորություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նեապոլի թագավորություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napuljsko_Kraljevstvo" title="Napuljsko Kraljevstvo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Napuljsko Kraljevstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_Napoli" title="Kerajaan Napoli – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kerajaan Napoli" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konungsr%C3%ADki%C3%B0_Nap%C3%B3l%C3%AD" title="Konungsríkið Napólí – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Konungsríkið Napólí" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regno_di_Napoli" title="Regno di Napoli – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Regno di Napoli" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99" title="ממלכת נאפולי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ממלכת נאפולי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Неаполитан короллукъ – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Неаполитан короллукъ" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D" title="ნეაპოლის სამეფო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნეაპოლის სამეფო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%83" title="Неаполь королдугу – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Неаполь королдугу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnum_Neapolitanum" title="Regnum Neapolitanum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Regnum Neapolitanum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapoles_Karaliste" title="Neapoles Karaliste – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Neapoles Karaliste" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinnekr%C3%A4ich_Neapel" title="Kinnekräich Neapel – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kinnekräich Neapel" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapolio_karalyst%C4%97" title="Neapolio karalystė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Neapolio karalystė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1polyi_Kir%C3%A1lys%C3%A1g" title="Nápolyi Királyság – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nápolyi Királyság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Неаполско Кралство – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Неаполско Кралство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="नेपल्सचे राजतंत्र – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नेपल्सचे राजतंत्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89" title="مملكة نابولى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مملكة نابولى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koninkrijk_Napels" title="Koninkrijk Napels – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Koninkrijk Napels" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AA%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="ナポリ王国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナポリ王国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regno_%27e_Napule" title="Regno 'e Napule – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Regno 'e Napule" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konged%C3%B8mmet_Napoli" title="Kongedømmet Napoli – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kongedømmet Napoli" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konged%C3%B8met_Napoli" title="Kongedømet Napoli – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kongedømet Napoli" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reialme_de_N%C3%A0pols" title="Reialme de Nàpols – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Reialme de Nàpols" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapol_qirolligi" title="Neapol qirolligi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Neapol qirolligi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81%D8%AA" title="نیپلز بادشاہت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نیپلز بادشاہت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%B3lestwo_Neapolu" title="Królestwo Neapolu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Królestwo Neapolu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_N%C3%A1poles" title="Reino de Nápoles – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Reino de Nápoles" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regatul_de_Neapole" title="Regatul de Neapole – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Regatul de Neapole" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Неаполитанское королевство – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Неаполитанское королевство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinrick_o_Naples" title="Kinrick o Naples – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kinrick o Naples" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbret%C3%ABria_e_Napolit" title="Mbretëria e Napolit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mbretëria e Napolit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnu_di_Napuli" title="Regnu di Napuli – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Regnu di Napuli" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kingdom of Naples" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapolsk%C3%A9_kr%C3%A1%C4%BEovstvo" title="Neapolské kráľovstvo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Neapolské kráľovstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapeljsko_kraljestvo" title="Neapeljsko kraljestvo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Neapeljsko kraljestvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84%DB%8C" title="شانشینی ناپۆلی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شانشینی ناپۆلی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%99%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Напуљска краљевина – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Напуљска краљевина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napuljsko_Kraljevstvo" title="Napuljsko Kraljevstvo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Napuljsko Kraljevstvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napolin_kuningaskunta" title="Napolin kuningaskunta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Napolin kuningaskunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kungariket_Neapel" title="Kungariket Neapel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kungariket Neapel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaharian_ng_Napoles" title="Kaharian ng Napoles – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kaharian ng Napoles" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="ราชอาณาจักรนาโปลี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ราชอาณาจักรนาโปลี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli_Krall%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Napoli Krallığı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Napoli Krallığı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Неаполітанське королівство – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Неаполітанське королівство" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="مملکت ناپولی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مملکت ناپولی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regno_de_N%C3%A0pu%C5%82i" title="Regno de Nàpułi – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Regno de Nàpułi" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_qu%E1%BB%91c_Napoli" title="Vương quốc Napoli – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vương quốc Napoli" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%82%A3%E4%B8%8D%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="那不勒斯王国 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="那不勒斯王国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%82%A3%E4%B8%8D%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="那不勒斯王国 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="那不勒斯王国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 27 November 2024, at 20:59<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li 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