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</nav></header> <div id="page" class="hfeed site container p-4"> <div id="main" class="content row"> <div id="primary" class="site-content col-lg-9"> <div id="content" role="main" class="row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <a class="skip-link sr-only sr-only-focusable" href="#article-content"> <div class="container"> Skip to the article </div> </a> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title">War story: RPKI is working as intended</h1> <p class="meta-author-and-date"> By <a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/job-snijders/" title="Posts by Job Snijders" rel="author">Job Snijders</a> on 18 Nov 2024 </p>  <p> Category: <a href="https://blog.apnic.net/category/tech-matters/" title="View all posts in Tech matters">Tech matters</a> </p>  <p>Tags: <a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/bgp/" rel="tag">BGP</a>, <a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/guest-post/" rel="tag">Guest Post</a>, <a href="https://blog.apnic.net/tag/rpki/" rel="tag">RPKI</a></p>   <div id="social_media_widgets" style="display: none;">  <div id="fb-root"></div> <div class="fb-like" data-href="https://blog.apnic.net/2024/11/18/war-story-rpki-is-working-as-intended/" data-layout="button_count" data-action="like" data-show-faces="false" data-share="true"> </div> <a href="https://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button">Tweet</a> </div> <p id="back-to-home" class="hidden-print"> <a href="/"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span>Blog home</span> </a> </p> </header> <style> .down-arrow { font-size: 10px; } </style> </div> <div class="col-md-8"> <div id="article-content" class="entry-content"> <img width="555" height="202" src="https://blog.apnic.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/working-optimal-FT-555x202.jpg?v=9e6e195fa45c8eed058298831f8fba942b23a82bd401a61f918952910f33ca0d" class="attachment-featuredImageLarge size-featuredImageLarge wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://blog.apnic.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/working-optimal-FT-555x202.jpg?v=9e6e195fa45c8eed058298831f8fba942b23a82bd401a61f918952910f33ca0d 555w, https://blog.apnic.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/working-optimal-FT-300x109.jpg?v=9e6e195fa45c8eed058298831f8fba942b23a82bd401a61f918952910f33ca0d 300w, https://blog.apnic.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/working-optimal-FT-1024x373.jpg?v=9e6e195fa45c8eed058298831f8fba942b23a82bd401a61f918952910f33ca0d 1024w, https://blog.apnic.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/working-optimal-FT-768x280.jpg?v=9e6e195fa45c8eed058298831f8fba942b23a82bd401a61f918952910f33ca0d 768w, https://blog.apnic.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/working-optimal-FT-624x227.jpg?v=9e6e195fa45c8eed058298831f8fba942b23a82bd401a61f918952910f33ca0d 624w, https://blog.apnic.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/working-optimal-FT-206x75.jpg?v=9e6e195fa45c8eed058298831f8fba942b23a82bd401a61f918952910f33ca0d 206w, https://blog.apnic.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/working-optimal-FT-256x93.jpg?v=9e6e195fa45c8eed058298831f8fba942b23a82bd401a61f918952910f33ca0d 256w, https://blog.apnic.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/working-optimal-FT.jpg?v=9e6e195fa45c8eed058298831f8fba942b23a82bd401a61f918952910f33ca0d 1110w" sizes="(max-width: 555px) 100vw, 555px" /> <p>To be very forward, this really is a story about something that turned out to be no problem at all. But sometimes boring stories deserve to be told. To provide context for this one, we have to go back to February 2008. </p> <p>Back then — through no fault of their own — one of the world’s most popular video-sharing platforms suffered a disastrous multi-hour outage, interrupting millions of video viewings. The impact was so significant that even mainstream media reported extensively on what was essentially an arcane routing incident. But, nowadays we’re hearing less and less about incidents like these, even though the Internet is bigger than ever. </p> <p>Recently, Fastly was the target of a BGP hijack, similar to what happened in 2008, but this time barely anyone noticed. Why is that? Something has changed. In this article, I’ll delve into one of the Internet’s most remarkable, yet untold, success stories.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="a-crash-course-on-how-internet-routing-works">A crash course on how Internet routing works</h2> <p>At its core, the Internet is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_backbone" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">backbone</a> spanning hundreds of thousands of interconnected <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Router_(computing)" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">routers</a> managed by roughly 85,000 organizations to deliver data to millions of digital destinations. To establish what part of the Internet is attached where — what direction to send data packets to reach a given Internet destination (an IP address) — all these routers exchange messages with each other using an industry-standard protocol format called Border Gateway Protocol (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Border_Gateway_Protocol" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">BGP</a>). The totality of this whooshing exchange of routing information oftentimes is referred to as <em>the global Internet routing system</em>.</p> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image.jpeg"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="1024" src="https://blog.apnic.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-1024x1024.jpeg" alt="" class="wp-image-87206" srcset="https://blog.apnic.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-1024x1024.jpeg 1024w, https://blog.apnic.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-300x300.jpeg 300w, https://blog.apnic.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-768x768.jpeg 768w, https://blog.apnic.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-624x624.jpeg 624w, https://blog.apnic.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-200x200.jpeg 200w, https://blog.apnic.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image.jpeg 1280w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Figure 1 — Internet Map by The Opte Project. Originally from the <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1538544" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">English Wikipedia</a>, CC BY 2.5.</figcaption></figure> <p>One of the key factors for routers to decide which of many paths to use for sending data is the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longest_prefix_match" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Longest Prefix Match</a> (LPM) algorithm. In a nutshell, more detailed information about a destination is preferred over less granular information. Think of punching into your car’s navigation system your destination’s street and city versus inputting only the city name. Both approaches will bring you closer to your destination, but of course, being more specific is likely to result in a better route. Put differently, the Internet would not work without LPM.</p> <p>A major contributor to the Internet’s amazing year-to-year growth is that basically anyone can easily connect to it and almost immediately start sending and receiving data. You hook your router up to neighbouring routers from other organizations and then use BGP to send a message into the routing system. In doing so, you tell the Internet that your IP addresses are now reachable via a specified ‘next-hop’. The corollary is that the most obvious vulnerability in the routing system is the unauthorized origination of routes to IP addresses. More on that thorny aspect in the next section!</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="what-happened-in-2008">What happened in 2008?</h2> <p>A large economy’s incumbent telecommunications operator was instructed to censor a popular video-sharing platform within its national borders. Of the various mechanisms to block access to a particular Internet service, BGP is one of the simpler (albeit blunter) ways to blackhole undesired traffic. In the course of normal network operations, not every BGP message is intended or expected to be distributed into the global system. A network operator might intend for some BGP messages to only be distributed to its own routers for its own private purposes, constraining the scope to its own administrative domain.</p> <p>Unfortunately — due to a configuration mistake — the BGP messages intended to comply with the economy’s censorship order were also passed on to adjacent networks outside of the economy, who, in turn, distributed them to their adjacent networks, and so on. In the blink of an eye, routers around the world received BGP messages that a specific set of the video platform’s IP addresses (remember the LPM algorithm!) were now being served from infrastructure in Pakistan. As that wasn’t at all where the video platform was actually attached, Internet data packets ended up being dropped on the floor, globally disrupting this video platform’s online presence. RIPE NCC did a good <a href="https://www.ripe.net/about-us/news/youtube-hijacking-a-ripe-ncc-ris-case-study/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">write-up</a> on the technical details and <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/26/technology/26tube.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">NY Times</a>, <a href="https://www.cnet.com/culture/how-pakistan-knocked-youtube-offline-and-how-to-make-sure-it-never-happens-again/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">CNET</a>, <a href="https://arstechnica.com/uncategorized/2008/02/insecure-routing-redirects-youtube-to-pakistan/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Ars Technica</a>, and <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna23339712" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><u>NBC News</u></a> also covered the incident.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="fast-forward-to-2024">Fast forward to 2024</h2> <p>A very similar routing incident happened to Fastly just last week, but this time around no headlines were made. While this incident would’ve severely affected Fastly a few years ago, this time the impact was negligible. What gives? While the specific players and motivations differ from the famous 2008 incident, at its heart, the technical details were the same. In this more recent case, the state incumbent of another large economy generated BGP messages hijacking some of Fastly’s IP address space for the purpose of disrupting Internet traffic. What makes now different from then?</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="rpki-improves-the-routing-system-s-reliability">RPKI improves the routing system’s reliability</h3> <p>The big difference between 2008 and 2024 is that nowadays the Internet industry uses a cryptographically verifiable mechanism called <a href="https://www.fastly.com/blog/fastly-drives-improved-internet-routing-security-with-global-push-to-adopt" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">RPKI</a> to assess plausibility of BGP messages in a fully automated fashion. The RPKI is a distributed database through which networks can publish their routing intentions in <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9582.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Route Origin Authorizations </a>(ROAs), in turn, enabling other networks to validate BGP messages against this database using a service called Route Origin Validation (ROV). By rejecting messages that fail this validation, the RPKI-invalid routes can be <a href="https://www.kentik.com/blog/how-much-does-rpki-rov-reduce-the-propagation-of-invalid-routes/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">kept out of circulation</a>, limiting their ability to cause disruption.</p> <p>Publishing ROAs is easy! All five <a href="https://nro.net/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Regional Internet Registries</a> (RIRs) offer RPKI certification services as part of their standard membership services. Since Fastly publishes ROAs for all of its IP addresses, Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) and major carriers like NTT, Comcast, AT&T, Cogent, Arelion, and Lumen can automatically ignore problematic BGP messages (like the ones that were hijacking Fastly’s IP space in this incident!). Because the industry at large is using RPKI, the only measurable impact on our traffic delivery was towards the disruptor itself, the rest of the world remained oblivious of this incident. A very serious BGP hijack happened and Fastly came out just fine. RPKI works as intended.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="rpki-is-a-mature-technology">RPKI is a mature technology</h2> <p>RPKI’s story started two decades ago when X.509 certificate syntax was extended to support encoding IP addresses and Autonomous System Numbers (ASNs) via <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3779" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><u>R</u>F<u>C 3779</u></a>. (X.509 is the underpinning of web security mechanisms like “<tt>https://</tt>” that we’re all familiar with.)</p> <p>In the following years, a design for an architecture materialized,  imposing order on the unwieldy ever-growing global routing system (<a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6480" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">RFC 6480</a>). Then the five RIRs (APNIC, ARIN, RIPE NCC, LACNIC, and AFRINIC) got to work to build user-facing systems through which operators can configure ROAs. In 2018 and 2019, open-source projects like <a href="https://www.rpki-client.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">rpki-client</a> and <a href="https://www.nlnetlabs.nl/projects/routing/routinator/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">routinator</a> were kicked off to securely bridge the gap between the RIR systems and BGP routers. Finally, in 2020, there was a <a href="https://rpki-monitor.antd.nist.gov/ROV#div2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">sharp increase</a> in the adoption of RPKI by the largest ISPs, IXPs, and cloud providers enabling the RPKI system to be more effective in providing broad benefits to the Internet.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="conclusion">Conclusion</h2> <p>Realizing fundamental changes, like what RPKI did for the Internet, is a matter of extreme patience and perseverance. This is because the Internet, by design, has no centralized or top-down administration. The Internet’s routing system is a voluntary collaboration between close to 100,000 organizations. Change comes from leading by example, educational outreach to peers and business partners, and an iterative engineering approach to resolve any obstacles discovered along the way. Hundreds of engineers and scientists cumulatively dedicated hundreds of years to meticulously performing heart surgery on a running system, embracing RPKI and improving Internet reliability. Even now work continues in the <a href="https://www.ietf.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">IETF</a> to further improve the dependability and performance of the RPKI.</p> <p>It came as no surprise to me when the <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/oncd/briefing-room/2024/09/03/press-release-white-house-office-of-the-national-cyber-director-releases-roadmap-to-enhance-internet-routing-security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Executive Branch</a> of the US government recognized the societal benefits of using RPKI and endorsed the technology to begin to address the vulnerabilities inherent in BGP. Ultimately, RPKI is a system that helps networks stay in their own lane, allowing everyone to safely zip along the digital highway.</p> <p class="has-medium-gray-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b2b559f5349a07e49dcc04d7a71610ee"><em>Job Snijders (</em><a href="https://twitter.com/jobsnijders" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>Twitter</em></a><em>, </em><a href="https://bsd.network/@job" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>Mastodon</em></a><em>, </em><a href="https://sobornost.net/~job/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>homepage</em></a><em>) is a Principal Engineer at </em><a href="https://www.fastly.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>Fastly</em></a><em> where he analyses and architects global networks for future growth, and also an OpenBSD developer.</em></p> <p class="has-medium-gray-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e43d23b52e61ed109340fa13c39cadc4"><em>Joel Jaeggli (Fastly), Tony Tauber (Comcast), and Doug Madory (Kentik) contributed to this article.</em></p> <p class="has-medium-gray-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ff66cccdcb11650a56865c3651820a84"><em>Originally posted on the <a href="https://www.fastly.com/blog/war-story-rpki-is-working-as-intended" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Fastly blog</a>.</em></p> <p></p> <table class="rw-rating-table rw-ltr rw-left"><tr><td><nobr>Rate this article</nobr></td><td><div class="rw-left"><div class="rw-ui-container rw-class-blog-post rw-urid-872060" data-img="https://blog.apnic.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/working-optimal-FT.jpg"></div></div></td></tr></table>  <hr /> <p id="views-disclaimer">The views expressed by the authors of this blog are their own and do not necessarily reflect the views of APNIC. 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Check your inbox or spam folder to confirm your subscription. </p> <p class="mailpoet_validate_error" style="display:none;" > </p> </div> </form> </div> </aside> <aside id="authors-4" class="widget authors_widget"><h3 class="widget-title">Authors</h3><style> .widget.authors_widget .pinned-authors, .widget.authors_widget .all-authors { margin-bottom: 0; } .widget.authors_widget .all-authors { overflow: scroll; max-height: 50vh; } .widget.authors_widget .show-all-authors, .widget.authors_widget .show-pinned-authors { margin-bottom: 1rem; } </style> <ul class="pinned-authors"> <li class="author-pinned"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/adli-w/">Adli Wahid</a></li><li class="author-pinned"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/aftab-siddiqui/">Aftab Siddiqui</a></li><li class="author-pinned"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/geoff-huston/">Geoff Huston</a></li><li class="author-pinned"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ggm/">George Michaelson</a></li><li class="author-pinned"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jen-linkova/">Jen Linkova</a></li><li class="author-pinned"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/job-snijders/">Job Snijders</a></li><li class="author-pinned"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kathleen-moriarty/">Kathleen Moriarty</a></li><li class="author-pinned"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/paul-wilson/">Paul Wilson</a></li><li class="author-pinned"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ulrich-speidel/">Ulrich Speidel</a></li><li class="author-pinned"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/vitaly-kamluk/">Vitaly Kamluk</a></li> </ul> <ul class="all-authors" style="display:none;"> <li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/a-khalil-aziz/">A Khalil Azizi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/a-s-m-rizvi/">A S M Rizvi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/abdelrahman-abdou/">AbdelRahman Abdou</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/abhishek-jain/">Abhishek Jain</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/achie-atienza/">Achie Atienza</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/adam/">Adam Gosling</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/adam-mcfillin/">Adam McFillin</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/adam-oest/">Adam Oest</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/adeel-sadiq/">Adeel Sadiq</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/adiel-akplogan/">Adiel Akplogan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/adisorn-lertsinsrubtavee/">Adisorn Lertsinsrubtavee</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/adli-w/">Adli Wahid</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/adrian-farrel/">Adrian Farrel</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/adrianwan/">Adrian Wan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/afifa-abbas/">Afifa Abbas</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/afsheen-saadat/">Afsheen Saadat</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/aftab-siddiqui/">Aftab Siddiqui</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/agustin-formoso/">Agustín Formoso</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ahmad-darki/">Ahmad Darki</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ajay-kumar/">Ajay Kumar</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/akimichi-ogawa/">Akimichi Ogawa</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/adeola-alain-aina/">Alain Aina</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/alan-mauldin/">Alan Mauldin</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/albert-gran-alcoz/">Albert Gran Alcoz</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/alden-hilton/">Alden Hilton</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/alec-muffett/">Alec Muffett</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/alejandro-acosta/">Alejandro Acosta</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/alex-band/">Alex Band</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/alex-boten/">Alex Boten</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/alex-turing/">Alex Turing</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/alex-yen/">Alex Yen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/alexander-azimov/">Alexander Azimov</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/alexander-kozlov/">Alexander Kozlov</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/alfred-arouna/">Alfred Arouna</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ali-abedi/">Ali Abedi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ali-norouzi/">Ali Norouzi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/amanda-h-a-watson/">Amanda H A Watson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/amaury-van-bemten/">Amaury Van Bemten</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/amrita-choudhury/">Amrita Choudhury</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/anand-buddhdev/">Anand Buddhdev</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/anant-shah/">Anant Shah</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/andra-lutu/">Andra Lutu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/andregelderblom/">Andre Gelderblom</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/andreas-dewes/">Andreas Dewes</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/andreas-reuter/">Andreas Reuter</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/andree-toonk/">Andree Toonk</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/andrei-robachevsky/">Andrei Robachevsky</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/andrew-ayer/">Andrew Ayer</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/andrew-campling/">Andrew Campling</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/andrew-cormack/">Andrew Cormack</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/andrew-cushen/">Andrew Cushen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/andrew-ferguson/">Andrew Ferguson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/andrew-gray/">Andrew Gray</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/andrewsullivan/">Andrew Sullivan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/andrew-toimoana/">Andrew Toimoana</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/andrijana-todosijevic/">Andrijana Todosijević</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/andy-mindnich/">Andy Mindnich</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/andy-newton/">Andy Newton</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/anju-mangal/">Anju Mangal</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/anna-maria-mandalari/">Anna Maria Mandalari</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/annaliza-mulingbayan/">Annaliza Mulingbayan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/anosh-khan/">Anosh Khan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/anriette-esterhuysen/">Anriette Esterhuysen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/anthony-lee/">Anthony Lee</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/anton-strydom/">Anton Strydom</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/anup-changaroth/">Anup Changaroth</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/anurag-bhatia/">Anurag Bhatia</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/apnic/">APNIC</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/apoorv-shukla/">Apoorv Shukla</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/arash-molavi-kakhki/">Arash Molavi Kakhki</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/arian-niaki/">Arian Niaki</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/aris-tzermias/">Aris Tzermias</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/arjuna-sathiaseelan/">Arjuna Sathiaseelan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/arth-paulite/">Arth Paulite</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/arthur-gilly/">Arthur Gilly</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/artyom-gavrichenkov/">Artyom Gavrichenkov</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/asad-ali/">Asad Ali</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/asanka-sayakkara/">Asanka Sayakkara</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ashil-oogarah/">Ashil Oogarah</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ashwin-kumar/">Ashwin Kumar</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ashwin-rangan/">Ashwin Rangan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/athina-fragkouli/">Athina Fragkouli</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/audreyrandall/">Audrey Randall</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/aurelien-aptel/">Aurélien Aptel</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/austin-hounsel/">Austin Hounsel</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/austin-ruckstuhl/">Austin Ruckstuhl</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/avery-pennarun/">Avery Pennarun</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ayesha-iftikhar/">Ayesha Iftikhar</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/aysha-labiba/">Aysha Labiba</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ayush-mishra/">Ayush Mishra</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/azfar-adib/">Azfar Adib</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/azhar-khuwaja/">Azhar Khuwaja</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/azura-mat-salim/">Azura Mat Salim</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/baojun-liu/">Baojun Liu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/baptiste-jonglez/">Baptiste Jonglez</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/barry-greene/">Barry Greene</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/bart-hogeveen/">Bart Hogeveen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/basileal-imana/">Basileal Imana</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/bastian-kanbach/">Bastian Kanbach</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/batmagnai-erdene/">Batmagnai Erdene</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/beau-gieskens/">Beau Gieskens</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ben-cox/">Ben Cox</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ben-du/">Ben Du</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ben-schwartz/">Ben Schwartz</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/bengz-gerard-sevilla/">Benjz Gerard Sevilla</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/benno-overeinder/">Benno Overeinder</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/bert-hubert/">Bert Hubert</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/bhadrika/">Bhadrika Magan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/bhumika-sapkota/">Bhumika Sapkota</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/bikram-shrestha/">Bikram Shrestha</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/bill-hess/">Bill Hess</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/bill-sterns/">Bill Stearns</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/bill-woodcock/">Bill Woodcock</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/bjorn-ivar-teigen/">Bjørn Teigen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/blake-anderson/">Blake Anderson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/blas-trigueros/">Blas Trigueros</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/brandon-hitzel/">Brandon Hitzel</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/brenda-buwu/">Brenda Buwu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/brenden-kuerbis/">Brenden Kuerbis</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/brent-carey/">Brent Carey</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/brett-bralley/">Brett Bralley</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/brian-carpenter/">Brian Carpenter</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/brian-nisbet/">Brian Nisbet</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/brian-trammell/">Brian Trammell</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/brianna-boudreau/">Brianna Boudreau</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/bruce-davie/">Bruce Davie</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/bruce-spang/">Bruce Spang</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/byambajargal-jamsran/">Byambajargal Jamsran</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/byron-ellacott/">Byron Ellacott</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/byungjin-jun/">Byungjin Jun</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/cameron-steel/">Cameron Steel</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/carsten-strotmann/">Carsten Strotmann</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/caspar-schutijser/">Caspar Schutijser</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/cecilia-testart/">Cecilia Testart</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/cengiz-alaettinoglu/">Cengiz Alaettinoglu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/cf-chui/">CF Chui</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/champika-wijayatunga/">Champika Wijayatunga</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/che-hoo-cheng/">Che-Hoo Cheng</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/cheeyong-tay/">Cheeyong Tay</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/cherie-lagakali/">Cherie Lagakali</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jolin-chan/">Chia Ling (Jolin) Chan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/chika-yoshimura/">Chika Yoshimura</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ching-heng-ku/">Ching-Heng Ku</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/chris-amin/">Chris Amin</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/chris-buckridge/">Chris Buckridge</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/chris-grundemann/">Chris Grundemann</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/chris-parker/">Chris Parker</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/chris-ritzo/">Chris Ritzo</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/chris-siebenmann/">Chris Siebenmann</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/christian-giese/">Christian Giese</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/christian-huitema/">Christian Huitema</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/christoph-dietzel/">Christoph Dietzel</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/chuan-jiang/">Chuan Jiang</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ciprian-popoviciu/">Ciprian Popoviciu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/clarence-filsfils/">Clarence Filsfils</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/claudio-jeker/">Claudio Jeker</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/clemens-mosig/">Clemens Mosig</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/colin-perkins/">Colin Perkins</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/constance-bommelaer/">Constance Bommelaer</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/constantin-sander/">Constantin Sander</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/constanze-dietrich/">Constanze Dietrich</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/craig-miller/">Craig Miller</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/craig-ng/">Craig Ng</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/craig-rowland/">Craig Rowland</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/dale-roberts/">Dale Roberts</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/dan-fidler/">Dan Fidler</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/dan-groshev/">Dan Groshev</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/dan-li/">Dan Li</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/daniel-dib/">Daniel Dib</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/daniel-kopp/">Daniel Kopp</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/danilo-giordano/">Danilo Giordano</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/danny-alex-lachos-perez/">Danny Alex Lachos Perez</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/danny-pinto/">Danny Pinto</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/daryll-swer/">Daryll Swer</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/dashzeveg-baatartsogt/">Dashzeveg Baatartsogt</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/dave-mill/">Dave Mill</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/dave-phelan/">Dave Phelan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/david-anderson/">David Anderson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/david-burkett/">David Burkett</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/david-dawson/">David Dawson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/david-holder/">David Holder</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/david-holsgrove/">David Holsgrove</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/david-huberman/">David Huberman</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/dean-pemberton/">Dean Pemberton</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/debashis-pal/">Debashis Pal</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/debopam-bhattacherjee/">Debopam Bhattacherjee</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/deepak-vasisht/">Deepak Vasisht</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/denesh-bhabuta/">Denesh Bhabuta</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/dennis-baaten/">Dennis Baaten</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/desiree-miloshevic/">Désirée Miloshevic</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/dewangga-alam/">Dewangga Alam</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/dewole-ajao/">Dewole Ajao</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/dhruv-dhody/">Dhruv Dhody</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/di-ma/">Di Ma</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/diego-pino-garcia/">Diego Pino García</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/diptanshu-singh/">Diptanshu Singh</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/dirk-trossen/">Dirk Trossen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/dmytro-shypovalov/">Dmytro Shypovalov</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/donatas-abraitis/">Donatas Abraitis</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/donika-mirdita/">Donika Mirdita</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/doug-madory/">Doug Madory</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/doug-montgomery/">Doug Montgomery</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/dr-bahaa-al-musawi/">Dr Bahaa Al-Musawi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/drgovind/">Dr Govind</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/drikus-brits/">Drikus Brits</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/duane-wessels/">Duane Wessels</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/duncan/">Duncan Macintosh</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/e-marie-brierley/">E. Marie Brierley</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ebrima-jaw/">Ebrima Jaw</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ed-horley/">Ed Horley</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/edward-lewis/">Edward Lewis</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/edwinsandys/">Edwin Sandys</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ege-cem-kirci/">Ege Cem Kirci</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/eliot-lear/">Eliot Lear</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/elizabeth-krumbach-joseph/">Elizabeth Krumbach Joseph</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ellisha-heppner/">Ellisha Heppner</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/elly-tawhai/">Elly Tawhai</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/elvin-prasad/">Elvin Prasad</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/emile-aben/">Emile Aben</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/emily-gallarde/">Emily Gallarde</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/emily-stark/">Emily Stark</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/emirbeganovic/">Emir Beganović</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/eneken-tikk/">Eneken Tikk</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/enno-rey/">Enno Rey</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/enric-pujol/">Enric Pujol</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/eric-lawrence/">Eric Lawrence</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/eric-loos/">Eric Loos</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/eric-vyncke/">Eric Vyncke</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/erik-hjelmvik/">Erik Hjelmvik</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/erik-rye/">Erik Rye</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/erin-scherer/">Erin Scherer</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/eshaan-bansal/">Eshaan Bansal</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/esteban-carisimo/">Esteban Carisimo</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/eugene-bogomazov/">Eugene Bogomazov</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/eunju-pak/">Eunju Pak</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/eyal-estrin/">Eyal Estrin</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/fabian-bustamante/">Fabián Bustamante</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/fahad-hilal/">Fahad Hilal</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/fakrul-alam/">Fakrul Alam</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/farha-diba/">Farha Diba</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/fenglu-zhang/">Fenglu Zhang</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ferenc-fejes/">Ferenc Fejes</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/fernando-gont/">Fernando Gont</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/flavia-salutari/">Flavia Salutari</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/flavio-luciani/">Flavio Luciani</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/florentin-rochet/">Florentin Rochet</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/florian-holzbauer/">Florian Holzbauer</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/florian-streibelt/">Florian Streibelt</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/foy-shiver/">Foy Shiver</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/francesco-ferreri/">Francesco Ferreri</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/francesco-sassi/">Francesco Sassi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/franckmartin/">Franck Martin</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/francois-michel/">François Michel</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/frane-maroevic/">Frane Maroevic</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/frank-denis/">Frank Denis</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/frank-herberg/">Frank Herberg</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/franziska-lichtblau/">Franziska Lichtblau</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/fred-christopher/">Fred Christopher</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/fred-templin/">Fred Templin</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/fredrik-lindenberg/">Fredrik Lindeberg</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ganga-r-dhungyel/">Ganga R Dhungyel</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/gaurab-raj-upadhaya/">Gaurab Raj Upadhaya</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/gautam-akiwate/">Gautam Akiwate</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/gavin-reid/">Gavin Reid</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/gavin-tweedie/">Gavin Tweedie</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/geoff-huston/">Geoff Huston</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/george/">George Kuo</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ggm/">George Michaelson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/george-odagi/">George Odagi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/george-sadowsky/">George Sadowsky</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/george-salisbury/">George Salisbury</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/giacomo-giuliari/">Giacomo Giuliari</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/gianmarco-pagani/">Gianmarco Pagani</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/gina-mahe/">Gina Mahe</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/giovane-moura/">Giovane Moura</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/gonchig-altansukh/">Gonchig Altansukh</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/gordon-king/">Gordon King</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/greg-ferro/">Greg Ferro</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/greg-hankins/">Greg Hankins</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/gregory-mounier/">Grégory Mounier</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/guangliang-pan/">Guangliang Pan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/guillermo-baltra/">Guillermo Baltra</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/guoliang-yang/">Guoliang Yang</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/gazi-zehadul-kabir/">GZ Kabir</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ha-dao/">Ha Dao</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/dr-haisheng-yu/">Haisheng Yu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/han-zhang/">Han Zhang</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/hanna-kreitem/">Hanna Kreitem</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/hannah-durack/">Hannah Durack</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/hanno-bock/">Hanno Böck</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/harish-chowdhary/">Harish Chowdhary</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/haya-shulman/">Haya Schulmann</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/helen-hollins/">Helen Hollins</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/herbert-wolverson/">Herbert Wolverson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/hideyuki-sasaki/">Hideyuki Sasaki</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/hinne-hettema/">Hinne Hettema</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/hiroki-kawabata/">Hiroki Kawabata</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/hiroko-kamata/">Hiroko Kamata</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/hiromu-shiozawa/">Hiromu Shiozawa</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/hisham-ibrahim/">Hisham Ibrahim</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nguyen-phong-hoang/">Hoàng Nguyên Phong</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/houlin-zhao/">Houlin Zhao</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/hyeonmin-lee/">Hyeonmin Lee</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/hyojoon-kim/">Hyojoon Kim</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ignacio-castro/">Ignacio Castro</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ihitagangavarpu/">Ihita Gangavarpu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ike-kunze/">Ike Kunze</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ilker-nadi-bozkurt/">Ilker Nadi Bozkurt</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/imtiaz-rahman/">Imtiaz Rahman</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/indya/">Indya Bolton</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ioana-livadariu/">Ioana Livadariu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/italo-cunha/">Italo Cunha</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ivan-ristic/">Ivan Ristić</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ivana-tomic/">Ivana Tomic</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ivo-ivanov/">Ivo A. Ivanov</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/yip-ivy/">Ivy Yip</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/izumi-okutani/">Izumi Okutani</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jaclyn-knight/">Jaclyn Knight</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jacob-davis/">Jacob Davis</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jakob-ginesin/">Jacob Ginesin</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jahangir/">Jahangir Hossain</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jake-bauer/">Jake Bauer</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jake-flint/">Jake Flint</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jake-holland/">Jake Holland</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/james-ah-wai/">James Ah Wai</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/james-bensley/">James Bensley</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/james-kettle/">James Kettle</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/james-pavur/">James Pavur</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/james-richards/">James Richards</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/james-shank/">James Shank</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jamie-gillespie/">Jamie Gillespie</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jan-harm-kuipers/">Jan Harm Kuipers</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jan-ruth/">Jan Rüth</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jan-schaumann/">Jan Schaumann</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jan-zorz/">Jan Zorz</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jan-piet-mens/">Jan-Piet Mens</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jane-yen/">Jane Yen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jari-arkko/">Jari Arkko</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jason-livingood/">Jason Livingood</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jason-smith/">Jason Smith</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jasper-den-hertog/">Jasper den Hertog</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jawad-ahmed/">Jawad Ahmed</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jay-daley/">Jay Daley</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jay-ford/">Jay Ford</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jeff-chan/">Jeff Chan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jeff-fry/">Jeff Fry</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jeff-man/">Jeff Man</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jen-linkova/">Jen Linkova</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jenine-beekhuyzen/">Jenine Beekhuyzen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jeremy-harrison/">Jeremy Harrison</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jerry-lundstrom/">Jerry Lundström</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jessica-shen/">Jessica Shen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jessica-wei/">Jessica Wei</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jethro-webston/">Jethro Webston</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jia-rong-low/">Jia-Rong Low</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jilong-wang/">Jilong Wang</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jim-cowie/">Jim Cowie</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jim-forster/">Jim Forster</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jim-vella/">Jim Vella</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jimmy-lim/">Jimmy Lim</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jing-qiao/">Jing Qiao</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jinghua-bai/">Jinghua Bai</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/joanna-kulesza/">Joanna Kulesza</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/joao-sobrinho/">João L. Sobrinho</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/joao-luis-silva-damas/">Joao Luis Silva Damas</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/joao-ceron/">Joao M. Ceron</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/job-snijders/">Job Snijders</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/joel-jaeggli/">Joel Jaeggli</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/johanna-amann/">Johanna Amann</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/johannes-krupp/">Johannes Krupp</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/johannes-weber/">Johannes Weber</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/johannes-zirngibl/">Johannes Zirngibl</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/john-althouse/">John Althouse</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/john-bambenek/">John Bambenek</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/john-curran/">John Curran</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/john-garrity/">John Garrity</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/john-jack/">John Jack</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/john-jason-brzozowski/">John Jason Brzozowski</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/john-kristoff/">John Kristoff</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/john-scudder/">John Scudder</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/john-welborn/">John Welborn</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jonathan-brewer/">Jonathan Brewer</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jonathan-magnusson/">Jonathan Magnusson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jordan-carter/">Jordan Carter</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jordan-jueckstock/">Jordan Jueckstock</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jordi-paillise/">Jordi Paillissé</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jordi-palet-martinez/">Jordi Palet Martinez</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/josef-gustafsson/">Josef Gustafsson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/joseph-salowey/">Joseph Salowey</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/joy-chan/">Joy Chan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/joyceapnic-net/">Joyce Chen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/juan-ramon-santana/">Juan Ramón Santana</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/juha-saarinen/">Juha Saarinen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/julia-evans/">Julia Evans</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/julian-martin-del-fiore/">Julián Martín Del Fiore</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/julien-gamba/">Julien Gamba</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jun-murai/">Jun Murai</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/justin-loye/">Justin Loye</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/justin-wilson/">Justin Wilson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kaajal-kumar/">Kaajal Kumar</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kaan-onarlioglu/">Kaan Onarlioglu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kanagaraj-krishna/">Kanagaraj Krishna</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/karan-sharma/">Karan Sharma</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/karel-hynek/">Karel Hynek</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/karl-lovink/">Karl Lovink</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/karla-skarda/">Karla Skarda</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kasek-galgal/">Kasek 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href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kevin-ku/">Kevin Ku</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kevin-meynell/">Kevin Meynell</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kevin-vermeulen/">Kevin Vermeulen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kevon-swift/">Kevon Swift</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/keyu-man/">Keyu Man</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/khee-hong-loke/">Khee Hong Loke</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/khwaja-zubair-sediqi/">Khwaja Zubair Sediqi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kiruthika-devaraj/">Kiruthika Devaraj</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/klee-aiken/">Klée Aiken</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kobayashi-masayuki/">Kobayashi Masayuki</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/koen-van-hove/">Koen van Hove</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/koichi-kunitake/">Koichi Kunitake</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/koki-nakagawa/">Koki Nakagawa</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/konrad-wolsing/">Konrad Wolsing</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/korian-edeline/">Korian Edeline</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kostas-zorbadelos/">Kostas Zorbadelos</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kris-shrishak/">Kris Shrishak</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kurt-lindqvist/">Kurt Lindqvist</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kyle-drake/">Kyle Drake</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/kyle-schomp/">Kyle Schomp</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/lan-wei/">Lan Wei</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/lari-huttunen/">Lari Huttunen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/lars-prehn/">Lars Prehn</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/lars-johan-liman/">Lars-Johan Liman</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/leandro-bertholdo/">Leandro Bertholdo</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/leandro-navarro/">Leandro Navarro</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/lee-howard/">Lee Howard</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/leigh-metcalf/">Leigh Metcalf</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/leo-vegoda/">Leo Vegoda</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/leonid-todorov/">Leonid Todorov</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/leslie-daigle/">Leslie Daigle</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/lia-hestina/">Lia Hestina</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/liang-wang/">Liang Wang</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/liang-zhao/">Liang Zhao</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/liangcheng-yu/">Liangcheng Yu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/libin-liu/">Libin Liu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/lindsay-graham/">Lindsay Graham</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/davey-song/">Linjian Song</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/lisa-corness/">Lisa Corness</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/lisandro-ubiedo/">Lisandro Ubiedo</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/liz-izhikevich/">Liz Izhikevich</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/loba-olopade/">Loba Olopade</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/lorenzo-cogotti/">Lorenzo Cogotti</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/louise-tromp/">Louise Tromp</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/luca-sani/">Luca Sani</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/lucas-pardue/">Lucas Pardue</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/luuk-hendriks/">Luuk Hendriks</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/m-yasir-m-haq/">M. Yasir M. Haq</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/maarten-botterman/">Maarten Botterman</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/maarten-wullink/">Maarten Wullink</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/maciej-korczynski/">Maciej Korczyński</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/madeline-carr/">Madeline Carr</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/maemura-akinori/">Maemura Akinori</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mai-thu-thuy/">Mai Thu Thuy</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mailelatamai-halatuituia/">Mailelatamai Halatuituia</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/major-hayden/">Major Hayden</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mallory-knodel/">Mallory Knodel</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/manaf-gharaibeh/">Manaf Gharaibeh</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mannat-kaur/">Mannat Kaur</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mansour-ganji/">Mansour Ganji</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/marc-bruyere/">Marc Bruyere</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/marcin-nawrocki/">Marcin Nawrocki</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/marcochiesa/">Marco Chiesa</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/marco-cilloni/">Marco Cilloni</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/marco-hogewoning/">Marco Hogewoning</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/marcus-brinkmann/">Marcus Brinkmann</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/marcus-keane/">Marcus Keane</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/marek-majkowski/">Marek Majkowski</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/maria-namestnikova/">Maria Namestnikova</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/maria-theresa-perez/">Maria Theresa Perez</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mariano-scazzariello/">Mariano Scazzariello</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mariko-kobayashi/">Mariko Kobayashi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/marilyn-zhang/">Marilyn Zhang</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mario-loffredo/">Mario Loffredo</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mark-andrews/">Mark Andrews</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mark-karpilovskij/">Mark Karpilovskij</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mark-nottingham/">Mark Nottingham</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mark-prior/">Mark Prior</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mark-smith/">Mark Smith</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mark-tinka/">Mark Tinka</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/markus-dahlmanns/">Markus Dahlmanns</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/markus-legner/">Markus Legner</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/markus-sosnowski/">Markus Sosnowski</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/marten-porte/">Marten Porte</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/martin-hannigan/">Martin Hannigan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/martin-hoffmann/">Martin Hoffmann</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/martin-langer/">Martin Langer</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/martin-thomson/">Martin Thomson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/martin-winter/">Martin Winter</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/martino-trevisan/">Martino Trevisan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mary-rose-ofianga-rontal/">Mary Rose Ofianga-Rontal</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/masanori-yajima/">Masanori Yajima</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/masataka-mawatari/">Masataka Mawatari</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/massimo-candela/">Massimo Candela</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mat-ford/">Mat Ford</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/yoshinobu-matsuzaki/">Matsuzaki Yoshinobu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/matt-larson/">Matt Larson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/matt-oh/">Matt Oh</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/matt-palmer/">Matt Palmer</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/matt-ringel/">Matt Ringel</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/matt-stith/">Matt Stith</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/matthew-thomas/">Matthew Thomas</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/matthiaswichtlhuber/">Matthias Wichtlhuber</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/matthijs-mekking/">Matthijs Mekking</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mattijs-jonker/">Mattijs Jonker</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/max-von-hippel/">Max von Hippel</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/maxime-mouchet/">Maxime Mouchet</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/maxime-piraux/">Maxime Piraux</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/md-abdul-awal/">Md Abdul Awal</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/megan-baker/">Megan Baker</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/melchior-aelmans/">Melchior Aelmans</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/melody-bendindang/">Melody Bendindang</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/merike-kaeo/">Merike Kaeo</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/metin-acikalin/">Metin Açıkalın</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/michael-clare/">Michael Clare</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/michael-kende/">Michael Kende</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/michael-patterson/">Michael Patterson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/michael-rabinovich/">Michael Rabinovich</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/michael-schapira/">Michael Schapira</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/michael-schneider/">Michael Schneider</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/michael-waidner/">Michael Waidner</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/michelle-thorne/">Michelle Thorne</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mika-kerttunen/">Mika Kerttunen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mike-hollyman/">Mike Hollyman</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mike-hwang/">Mike Hwang</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mike-kosek/">Mike Kosek</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/min-sun-jung/">Min Sung Jung</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mingming-zhang/">Mingming Zhang</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mingwei-zhang/">Mingwei Zhang</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mingxuan-liu/">Mingxuan Liu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/minzhao-lyu/">Minzhao Lyu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/miwa-fujii/">Miwa Fujii</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mohamad-dikshie-fauzie/">Mohamad Dikshie Fauzie</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mohamed-awnallah/">Mohamed Awnallah</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mohamed-boucadair/">Mohamed Boucadair</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mohamed-kassem/">Mohamed Kassem</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mohammad-larosh-khan/">Mohammad Larosh Khan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/molay-gosh/">Molay Ghosh</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/momoka-yamamoto/">Momoka Yamamoto</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/moritz-muller/">Moritz Müller</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mubashir-sargana/">Mubashir Sargana</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/moinur-rahman/">Muhammad Moinur Rahman</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/muhammad-yasir-shamim/">Muhammad Yasir Shamim</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mujtaba-hussain/">Mujtaba Hussain</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/mukhammad-andri-setiawan/">Mukhammad Andri Setiawan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/munkhbat-gansukh/">Munkhbat Gansukh</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/muzamer-mohd-azalan/">Muzamer Mohd Azalan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nachiket-kondhalkar/">Nachiket Kondhalkar</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nadir-hassan/">Nadir Hassan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nafeez-islam/">Nafeez Islam</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nalini-elkins/">Nalini Elkins</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/narayan-g/">Narayan G</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/narelle-clark/">Narelle Clark</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/natale-bianchi/">Natale Bianchi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nate-sales/">Nate Sales</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nathalie-romo-moreno/">Nathalie Romo Moreno</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nathalie-nathalie/">Nathalie Trenaman</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/neta-rozen-schiff/">Neta Rozen Schiff</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nick-buraglio/">Nick Buraglio</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nickhilliard/">Nick Hilliard</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nick-janetakis/">Nick Janetakis</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nico-schottelius/">Nico Schottelius</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nicola-rustignoli/">Nicola Rustignoli</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nicole-wajer/">Nicole Wajer</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/niels-provos/">Niels Provos</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nihit-tandon/">Nihit Tandon</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/niklas-vogel/">Niklas Vogel</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nikolai-hampton/">Nikolai Hampton</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nikos-kostopoulos/">Nikos Kostopoulos</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nils-wisiol/">Nils Wisiol</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nirav-atre/">Nirav Atre</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nooshin-eghbal/">Nooshin Eghbal</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nor-fadzilah-abdullah/">Nor Fadzilah Abdullah</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nowmay-opalinski/">Nowmay Opalinski</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/roman/">Nurul Islam Roman</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nusenu/">Nusenu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/nyamkhand-buluukhuu/">Nyamkhand Buluukhuu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/oanh-nguyen/">Oanh Nguyen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/oky-tria-saputra/">Oky Tria Saputra</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/olafur-guomundsson/">Ólafur Guðmundsson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/olamide-omolola/">Olamide Omolola</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/oliver-gasser/">Oliver Gasser</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/olivermichel/">Oliver Michel</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/olivier-hureau/">Olivier Hureau</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/olivier-tilmans/">Olivier Tilmans</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a 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author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/pawel-foremski/">Paweł Foremski</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/pawel-urbanek/">Paweł Urbanek</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/pedro-marcos/">Pedro Marcos</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/pengxiong-zhu/">Pengxiong Zhu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/pete-sclafani/">Pete Sclafani</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/pete-stevens/">Pete Stevens</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/peter-blee/">Peter Blee</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/peter-n-m-hansteen/">Peter Hansteen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/peter-lowe/">Peter Lowe</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/peter-maynard/">Peter Maynard</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/peter-peele/">Peter Peele</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/petr-spacek/">Petr Špaček</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/petros-gigis/">Petros Gigis</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/phil-lavin/">Phil Lavin</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/phil-mawson/">Phil Mawson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/philip-homburg/">Philip Homburg</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/philip-paeps/">Philip Paeps</a></li><li 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author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/pranav-kondala/">Pranav Kondala</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/praneet-kaur/">Praneet Kaur</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/pubudu-jayasinghe/">Pubudu Jayasinghe</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/qasim-lone/">Qasim Lone</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/quincy-liao/">Quincy Liao</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/rachee-singh/">Rachee Singh</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/rafaelcintra/">Rafael Cintra</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/raffaele-sommese/">Raffaele Sommese</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a 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href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ramin-yazdani/">Ramin Yazdani</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ran-ben-basat/">Ran Ben Basat</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ranysha-ware/">Ranysha Ware</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/raphael-hiesgen/">Raphael Hiesgen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/raquel-rugani-lage/">Raquel Rugani Lage</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/raskia-nayanajith/">Raskia Nayanajith</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ray-bellis/">Ray Bellis</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/rebekah-houser/">Rebekah Houser</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/remi-gacogne/">Remi Gacogne</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/rene-bakker/">Rene Bakker</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/rene-wilhelm/">René Wilhelm</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/renee-burton/">Renée Burton</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/richard-cziva/">Richard Cziva</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/richard-jimmerson/">Richard Jimmerson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/richard-nelson/">Richard Nelson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/richard-patterson/">Richard Patterson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/richard-read/">Richard Read</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/rick-mcelroy/">Rick McElroy</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/rishabh-chhabra/">Rishabh Chhabra</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/rob-schult/">Rob Schult</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/robbie-mitchell/">Robbie Mitchell</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/robert-alexander/">Robert Alexander</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/robert-kisteleki/">Robert Kisteleki</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/robin-marx/">Robin Marx</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/roderick-fanou/">Roderick Fanou</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/roger-meyer/">Roger Meyer</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/rohana-palliyaguru/">Rohana Palliyaguru</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/roland-meier/">Roland Meier</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/roland-van-rijswijk-deij/">Roland van Rijswijk-Deij</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/rolf-winters/">Rolf Winter</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/romain-fontugne/">Romain Fontugne</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ron-bonica/">Ron Bonica</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ron-winward/">Ron Winward</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ronald-van-kleunen/">Ronald van Kleunen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/rowena-schoo/">Rowena Schoo</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/roy-arends/">Roy Arends</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/rudiger-birkner/">Rüdiger Birkner</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/russ-white/">Russ White</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ryan-beckett/">Ryan Beckett</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ryan-gerstenkorn/">Ryan Gerstenkorn</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/ryo-nakamura/">Ryo Nakamura</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sachin-ashok/">Sachin Ashok</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/safiqul-islam/">Safiqul Islam</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/jawad-saidi/">Said Jawad Saidi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/said-zazai/">Said Zazai</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/salvatore-cuzzilla/">Salvatore Cuzzilla</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sam-sham/">Sam Sham</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/samaneh-tajalizadehkhoob/">Samaneh Tajalizadehkhoob</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/samantha-douglas/">Samantha Douglas</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/samit-jana/">Samit Jana</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/samuel-steffen/">Samuel Steffen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sandra-davey/">Sandra Davey</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sandrasiby/">Sandra Siby</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sangeetha-abdu-jyothi/">Sangeetha Abdu Jyothi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sanjaya/">Sanjaya</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sara-dickinson/">Sara Dickinson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sarah-escandor-tomas/">Sarah Escandor-Tomas</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sarmad-hussain/">Sarmad Hussain</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sarveshmathi/">Sarvesh Mathi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sasha-romijn/">Sasha Romijn</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/satadal-sengupta/">Satadal Sengupta</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/satoru-matsushima/">Satoru Matsushima</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/satoru-tsurumaki/">Satoru Tsurumaki</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sayda-kamrun-jahan-ripa/">Sayda Kamrun Jahan Ripa</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/scott-hollenbeck/">Scott Hollenbeck</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/scott-shenker/">Scott Shenker</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sebastian-castro/">Sebastian Castro</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sebastian-neef/">Sebastian Neef</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sebastian-zander/">Sebastian Zander</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sebastien-meriot/">Sebastien Meriot</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/seiichi-kawamura/">Seiichi Kawamura</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/seluvaia-kauvaka/">Seluvaia Kauvaka</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/seth-schoen/">Seth Schoen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shah/">Shah Sahari</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shahee-mirza/">Shahee Mirza</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shahzeb-mustafa/">Shahzeb Mustafa</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shamim-reza/">Shamim Reza</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shamsullah-shams/">Shamsullah Shams</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shane-alcock/">Shane Alcock</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shane-kerr/">Shane Kerr</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sharada-yeluri/">Sharada Yeluri</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sharat-chandra-madanapalli/">Sharat Chandra Madanapalli</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sheetal-kumar/">Sheetal Kumar</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sheikh-md-seum/">Sheikh Md Seum</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shermaine-yung/">Shermaine Yung</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sherry-shek/">Sherry Shek</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shane/">Sheryl Hermoso</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shian-shyong-tseng/">Shian-Shyong Tseng</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shinoj-pittandavida/">Shinoj Pittandavida</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shishio-tsuchiya/">Shishio Tsuchiya</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shivan-sahib/">Shivan Sahib</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shoko-nakai/">Shoko Nakai</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shuai-hao/">Shuai Hao</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shucheng-liu/">Shucheng Liu</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shumon-huque/">Shumon Huque</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shusei-tomonaga/">Shusei Tomonaga</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/shyam-krishna-khadka/">Shyam Krishna Khadka</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/siena/">Siena Perry</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/simon/">Simon Baroi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/simon-bauer/">Simon Bauer</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/simran-patil/">Simran Patil</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/siva-kesava/">Siva Kesava</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sivaram-ramanathan/">Sivaram Ramanathan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sofia-silva-berenguer/">Sofia Silva Berenguer</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sonam-keba/">Sonam Keba</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/song-bing/">Song Bing</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/spiros-thanasoulas/">Spiros Thanasoulas</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/srikanth-sundaresan/">Srikanth Sundaresan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/srimal-andrahennadi/">Srimal Andrahennadi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/stanley-osao/">Stanley Osao</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/stefan-mehner/">Stefan Mehner</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/stefan-ubbink/">Stefan Ubbink</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/steinthorbjarnason/">Steinthor Bjarnason</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/stephan-marwedel/">Stephan Marwedel</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/stephane-bortzmeyer/">Stéphane Bortzmeyer</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/stephen-mcquistin/">Stephen McQuistin</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/stephen-m-ryan/">Stephen Ryan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/stephen-strowes/">Stephen Strowes</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/steve-crocker/">Steve Crocker</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/steve-santorelli/">Steve Santorelli</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/stijn-pletinck/">Stijn Pletinckx</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/subhashini-kadurugasyaya/">Subhashini Kadurugasyaya</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sue-graves/">Sue Graves</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/suetena-faatuuala-loia/">Suetena Faatuuala Loia</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/suksit-sripitchayaphan/">Suksit Sripitchayaphan</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sunny-chendi/">Sunny Chendi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/susan-forney/">Susan Forney</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/svaradiva-devi/">Svaradiva Devi</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/swapneel-patnekar/">Swapneel Patnekar</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/swaran-ravindra/">Swaran Ravindra</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sylvain-cortes/">Sylvain Cortes</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/sylvia/">Sylvia Cadena</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/szymon-trocha/">Szymon Trocha</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/taejoong-chung/">Taejoong Chung</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/taiji-kimura/">Taiji Kimura</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/talha-paracha/">Talha Paracha</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tan-kean-siong/">Tan Kean Siong</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tan-tin-wee/">Tan Tin Wee</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tanya-shreedhar/">Tanya Shreedhar</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tashi-phuntsho/">Tashi Phuntsho</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/teav-sovandara/">Teav Sovandara</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/temitope-lawal/">Temitope Lawal</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/terry-sweetser/">Terry Sweetser</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/teun-vink/">Teun Vink</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/thein-myint-khine/">Thein Myint Khine</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/theo-jepsen/">Theo Jepsen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/theophilus-a-benson/">Theophilus A. Benson</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/thijs-van-den-hout/">Thijs van den Hout</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/thomas-holterbach/">Thomas Holterbach</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/thomas-king/">Thomas King</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/thomas-koch/">Thomas Koch</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/thomas-krenc/">Thomas Krenc</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/thomas-millar/">Thomas Millar</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/thomas-patzke/">Thomas Patzke</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/thomas-scheffler/">Thomas Scheffler</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/thomas-wirtgen/">Thomas Wirtgen</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/thy-boskovic/">Thy Boskovic</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/thymen-wabeke/">Thymen Wabeke</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tianxiang-dai/">Tianxiang Dai</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tim-bruijnzeels/">Tim Bruijnzeels</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tim-chown/">Tim Chown</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tim-fiola/">Tim Fiola</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tim-raphael/">Tim Raphael</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/timm-bottger/">Timm Böttger</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/timo-longin/">Timo Longin</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/timothy-winters/">Timothy Winters</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tiong-beng-ng/">Tiong Beng Ng</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tobias-fiebig/">Tobias Fiebig</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/todd-arnold/">Todd Arnold</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tom-barbette/">Tom Barbette</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tom-carpay/">Tom Carpay</a></li><li class="author-all author-all-hidden"><a href="https://blog.apnic.net/author/tom-coffeen/">Tom 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