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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1944–1948:_New_York_City_and_the_bebop_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1944–1948:_New_York_City_and_the_bebop_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 1944–1948: New York City and the bebop years </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1944–1948:_New_York_City_and_the_bebop_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1948–1950:_Miles_Davis_Nonet_and_Birth_of_the_Cool" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1948–1950:_Miles_Davis_Nonet_and_Birth_of_the_Cool"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 1948–1950: Miles Davis Nonet and Birth of the Cool </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1948–1950:_Miles_Davis_Nonet_and_Birth_of_the_Cool-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1949–1955:_Signing_with_Prestige,_heroin_addiction,_and_hard_bop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1949–1955:_Signing_with_Prestige,_heroin_addiction,_and_hard_bop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 1949–1955: Signing with Prestige, heroin addiction, and hard bop </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1949–1955:_Signing_with_Prestige,_heroin_addiction,_and_hard_bop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1955–1959:_Signing_with_Columbia,_first_quintet,_and_modal_jazz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1955–1959:_Signing_with_Columbia,_first_quintet,_and_modal_jazz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 1955–1959: Signing with Columbia, first quintet, and modal jazz </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1955–1959:_Signing_with_Columbia,_first_quintet,_and_modal_jazz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1957–1963:_Collaborations_with_Gil_Evans_and_Kind_of_Blue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1957–1963:_Collaborations_with_Gil_Evans_and_Kind_of_Blue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 1957–1963: Collaborations with Gil Evans and Kind of Blue </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1957–1963:_Collaborations_with_Gil_Evans_and_Kind_of_Blue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1963–1968:_Second_quintet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1963–1968:_Second_quintet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 1963–1968: Second quintet </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1963–1968:_Second_quintet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1968–1975:_The_electric_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1968–1975:_The_electric_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 1968–1975: The electric period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1968–1975:_The_electric_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1975–1980:_Hiatus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1975–1980:_Hiatus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 1975–1980: Hiatus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1975–1980:_Hiatus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1980–1985:_Comeback" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1980–1985:_Comeback"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.9 1980–1985: Comeback </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1980–1985:_Comeback-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1986–1991:_Final_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1986–1991:_Final_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.10 1986–1991: Final years </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1986–1991:_Final_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Personal life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Views_on_his_earlier_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views_on_his_earlier_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Views on his earlier work </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Views_on_his_earlier_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy_and_influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy_and_influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Legacy and influence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy_and_influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Awards and honors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Discography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Filmography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Miles Davis</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 85 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-85" aria-hidden="true" > 85 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="مايلز ديفيس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مايلز ديفيس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayls_Devis" title="Mayls Devis – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mayls Devis" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="مایلز دیویس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مایلز دیویس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8" title="মাইলস ডেভিস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মাইলস ডেভিস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%81_%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%81" title="Майлс Дэйвіс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Майлс Дэйвіс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Майлс Дейвис – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Майлс Дейвис" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%BB%CF%82_%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%B9%CF%82" title="Μάιλς Ντέιβις – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μάιλς Ντέιβις" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="مایلز دیویس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مایلز دیویس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%BC%EC%8A%A4_%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%EB%B9%84%EC%8A%A4" title="마일스 데이비스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마일스 데이비스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AC%D5%BD_%D4%B4%D6%87%D5%AB%D5%BD" title="Մայլս Դևիս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մայլս Դևիս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%A1_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A1" title="מיילס דייוויס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מיילס דייוויס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%96_%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="მაილზ დეივისი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მაილზ დეივისი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mailss_Deiviss" title="Mailss Deiviss – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mailss Deiviss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BB%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Мајлс Дејвис – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мајлс Дејвис" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="माइल्स डेव्हिस – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="माइल्स डेव्हिस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="მაილს დევისი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მაილს დევისი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="مايلز ديفيس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مايلز ديفيس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B9" title="マイルス・デイヴィス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マイルス・デイヴィス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8" title="ਮਾਇਲਸ ਡੇਵਿਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਾਇਲਸ ਡੇਵਿਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B7" title="Дэвис, Майлз – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дэвис, Майлз" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%B5%D8%B2_%D8%AF%DB%95%DB%8C%DA%A4%D8%B3" title="مایڵز دەیڤس – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مایڵز دەیڤس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BB%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Мајлс Дејвис – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мајлс Дејвис" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA" title="ไมลส์ เดวิส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไมลส์ เดวิส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%81" title="Майлз Девіс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Майлз Девіс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84%D8%B2_%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3" title="مائلز ڈیوس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مائلز ڈیوس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%88%E5%B0%94%E5%A3%AB%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%E6%96%AF" title="迈尔士·戴维斯 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="迈尔士·戴维斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Miles Davis" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%82%81%E7%88%BE%E5%A3%AB%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E7%B6%AD%E6%96%AF" title="邁爾士·戴維斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="邁爾士·戴維斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q93341#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> 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.infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: 125%;"><div class="">Miles Davis</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Miles_Davis_by_Palumbo_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Davis in his New York City home, c. 1955–1956; photograph by Tom Palumbo"><img alt="Davis in his New York City home, c. 1955–1956; photograph by Tom Palumbo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Miles_Davis_by_Palumbo_cropped.jpg/220px-Miles_Davis_by_Palumbo_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Miles_Davis_by_Palumbo_cropped.jpg/330px-Miles_Davis_by_Palumbo_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Miles_Davis_by_Palumbo_cropped.jpg/440px-Miles_Davis_by_Palumbo_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="2000" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Davis in his New York City home, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1955–1956; photograph by <a href="/wiki/Tom_Palumbo" title="Tom Palumbo">Tom Palumbo</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de">Background information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Birth name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Miles Dewey Davis III</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">(1926-05-26)May 26, 1926 <a href="/wiki/Alton,_Illinois" title="Alton, Illinois">Alton, Illinois</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">September 28, 1991(1991-09-28) (aged 65) <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California" title="Santa Monica, California">Santa Monica, California</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion">fusion</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Musician</li> <li>bandleader</li> <li>composer</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Instruments</th><td class="infobox-data note"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Trumpet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flugelhorn" title="Flugelhorn">flugelhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornet" title="Cornet">cornet</a></li> <li>piano</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_organ" title="Electric organ">electric organ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discography</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_discography" title="Miles Davis discography">Miles Davis discography</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>1944–1975; 1980–1991</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Labels</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prestige_Records" title="Prestige Records">Prestige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_Records" title="Fontana Records">Fontana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Bros. Records">Warner Bros.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_Quintet" title="Miles Davis Quintet">Miles Davis Quintet</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Frances_Taylor_Davis" title="Frances Taylor Davis">Frances Taylor</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1959; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1968)</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Betty_Davis" title="Betty Davis">Betty Mabry</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1968; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1969)</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Cicely_Tyson" title="Cicely Tyson">Cicely Tyson</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1981; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1989)</div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://milesdavis.com">milesdavis.com</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Juilliard_School" title="Juilliard School">Juilliard School</a> (no degree)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26, 1926 – September 28, 1991) was an American <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> trumpeter, bandleader, and composer. He is among the most influential and acclaimed figures in the history of jazz and <a href="/wiki/20th_century_music" class="mw-redirect" title="20th century music">20th-century music</a>. Davis adopted a variety of musical directions in a roughly five-decade career that kept him at the forefront of many major stylistic developments in jazz.<a href="#cite_note-allmusic-1">[1]</a> Born into an upper-middle-class<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> family in <a href="/wiki/Alton,_Illinois" title="Alton, Illinois">Alton, Illinois</a>, and raised in <a href="/wiki/East_St._Louis" class="mw-redirect" title="East St. Louis">East St. Louis</a>, Davis started on the trumpet in his early teens. He left to study at <a href="/wiki/Juilliard_School" title="Juilliard School">Juilliard</a> in New York City, before dropping out and making his professional debut as a member of saxophonist <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Parker" title="Charlie Parker">Charlie Parker</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Bebop" title="Bebop">bebop</a> quintet from 1944 to 1948. Shortly after, he recorded the <a href="/wiki/Birth_of_the_Cool" title="Birth of the Cool">Birth of the Cool</a> sessions for <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol Records</a>, which were instrumental to the development of <a href="/wiki/Cool_jazz" title="Cool jazz">cool jazz</a>. In the early 1950s, Davis recorded some of the earliest <a href="/wiki/Hard_bop" title="Hard bop">hard bop</a> music while on <a href="/wiki/Prestige_Records" title="Prestige Records">Prestige Records</a> but did so haphazardly due to a heroin addiction. After a widely acclaimed comeback performance at the <a href="/wiki/Newport_Jazz_Festival" title="Newport Jazz Festival">Newport Jazz Festival</a>, he signed a long-term contract with <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Records</a>, and recorded the album <a href="/wiki/%27Round_About_Midnight" title="'Round About Midnight">'Round About Midnight</a> in 1955.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanow2005176-3">[3]</a> It was his first work with saxophonist <a href="/wiki/John_Coltrane" title="John Coltrane">John Coltrane</a> and bassist <a href="/wiki/Paul_Chambers" title="Paul Chambers">Paul Chambers</a>, key members of the sextet he led into the early 1960s. During this period, he alternated between orchestral jazz collaborations with arranger <a href="/wiki/Gil_Evans" title="Gil Evans">Gil Evans</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain" title="Music of Spain">Spanish music</a>-influenced <a href="/wiki/Sketches_of_Spain" title="Sketches of Spain">Sketches of Spain</a> (1960), and band recordings, such as <a href="/wiki/Milestones_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Milestones (Miles Davis album)">Milestones</a> (1958) and <a href="/wiki/Kind_of_Blue" title="Kind of Blue">Kind of Blue</a> (1959).<a href="#cite_note-aar-4">[4]</a> The latter recording remains one of the most popular jazz albums of all time,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCurdy200461-5">[5]</a> having sold over five million copies in the U.S. Davis made several lineup changes while recording <a href="/wiki/Someday_My_Prince_Will_Come_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Someday My Prince Will Come (Miles Davis album)">Someday My Prince Will Come</a> (1961), his <a href="/wiki/In_Person_Friday_and_Saturday_Nights_at_the_Blackhawk,_Complete" title="In Person Friday and Saturday Nights at the Blackhawk, Complete">1961 Blackhawk concerts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Seven_Steps_to_Heaven" title="Seven Steps to Heaven">Seven Steps to Heaven</a> (1963), another commercial success that introduced bassist <a href="/wiki/Ron_Carter" title="Ron Carter">Ron Carter</a>, pianist <a href="/wiki/Herbie_Hancock" title="Herbie Hancock">Herbie Hancock</a>, and drummer <a href="/wiki/Tony_Williams_(drummer)" title="Tony Williams (drummer)">Tony Williams</a>.<a href="#cite_note-aar-4">[4]</a> After adding saxophonist <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Shorter" title="Wayne Shorter">Wayne Shorter</a> to his new quintet in 1964,<a href="#cite_note-aar-4">[4]</a> Davis led them on a series of more abstract recordings often composed by the band members, helping pioneer the <a href="/wiki/Post-bop" title="Post-bop">post-bop</a> genre with albums such as <a href="/wiki/E.S.P._(Miles_Davis_album)" title="E.S.P. (Miles Davis album)">E.S.P.</a> (1965) and <a href="/wiki/Miles_Smiles" title="Miles Smiles">Miles Smiles</a> (1967),<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> before transitioning into his electric period. During the 1970s, he experimented with rock, funk, <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Rhythm in Sub-Saharan Africa">African rhythms</a>, emerging <a href="/wiki/Music_technology_(electronic_and_digital)" title="Music technology (electronic and digital)">electronic music technology</a>, and an ever-changing lineup of musicians, including keyboardist <a href="/wiki/Joe_Zawinul" title="Joe Zawinul">Joe Zawinul</a>, drummer <a href="/wiki/Al_Foster" title="Al Foster">Al Foster</a>, bassist <a href="/wiki/Michael_Henderson" title="Michael Henderson">Michael Henderson</a>, and guitarist <a href="/wiki/John_McLaughlin_(musician)" title="John McLaughlin (musician)">John McLaughlin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman20059–11,_155–156-7">[7]</a> This period, beginning with Davis's 1969 studio album <a href="/wiki/In_a_Silent_Way" title="In a Silent Way">In a Silent Way</a> and concluding with the 1975 concert recording <a href="/wiki/Agharta_(album)" title="Agharta (album)">Agharta</a>, was the most controversial in his career, alienating and challenging many in jazz.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> His million-selling 1970 record <a href="/wiki/Bitches_Brew" title="Bitches Brew">Bitches Brew</a> helped spark a resurgence in the genre's commercial popularity with <a href="/wiki/Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion">jazz fusion</a> as the decade progressed.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> After a five-year retirement due to poor health, Davis resumed his career in the 1980s, employing younger musicians and <a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">pop</a> sounds on albums such as <a href="/wiki/The_Man_with_the_Horn" title="The Man with the Horn">The Man with the Horn</a> (1981), <a href="/wiki/You%27re_Under_Arrest_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="You're Under Arrest (Miles Davis album)">You're Under Arrest</a> (1985) and <a href="/wiki/Tutu_(album)" title="Tutu (album)">Tutu</a> (1986). Critics were often unreceptive but the decade garnered Davis his highest level of commercial recognition. He performed sold-out concerts worldwide, while branching out into visual arts, film, and television work, before his death in 1991 from the combined effects of a stroke, <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_failure" title="Respiratory failure">respiratory failure</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rsbio-10">[10]</a> In 2006, Davis was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Miles_Davis-11">[11]</a> which recognized him as "one of the key figures in the history of jazz".<a href="#cite_note-Miles_Davis-11">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a> described him as "the most revered jazz trumpeter of all time, not to mention one of the most important musicians of the 20th century,"<a href="#cite_note-rsbio-10">[10]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Early" title="Gerald Early">Gerald Early</a> called him inarguably one of the most influential and innovative musicians of that period.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Miles_Davis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> Davis was born on May 26, 1926, to an affluent <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African-American</a> family in <a href="/wiki/Alton,_Illinois" title="Alton, Illinois">Alton</a>, Illinois, 15 miles (24 kilometres) north of <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECook20079-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly2001209-14">[14]</a> He had an older sister, Dorothy Mae (1925–1996) and a younger brother, Vernon (1929–1999). His mother, Cleota Mae Henry of <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a>, was a music teacher and violinist, and his father, <a href="/wiki/Miles_Dewey_Davis_Jr." title="Miles Dewey Davis Jr.">Miles Dewey Davis Jr.</a>, also of Arkansas, was a dentist. They owned a 200-acre (81 ha) estate near <a href="/wiki/Pine_Bluff,_Arkansas" title="Pine Bluff, Arkansas">Pine Bluff</a>, Arkansas, with a profitable pig farm. In Pine Bluff, he and his siblings fished, hunted, and rode horses.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''200717-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrr201211-16">[16]</a> Davis's grandparents were the owners of an Arkansas farm where he would spend many summers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarner2014-17">[17]</a> In 1927, the family moved to <a href="/wiki/East_St._Louis,_Illinois" title="East St. Louis, Illinois">East St. Louis, Illinois</a>. They lived on the second floor of a commercial building behind a dental office in a predominantly white neighborhood. Davis's father would soon become distant to his children as <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">the Great Depression</a> caused him to become increasingly consumed by his job; typically working six days a week.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarner2014-17">[17]</a> From 1932 to 1934, Davis attended John Robinson Elementary School, an all-black school,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly2001209-14">[14]</a> then Crispus Attucks, where he performed well in mathematics, music, and sports.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrr201211-16">[16]</a> Davis had previously attended Catholic school.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarner2014-17">[17]</a> At an early age he liked music, especially blues, big bands, and gospel.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''200717-15">[15]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MilesDavisYouthHouse.EastStLouis.17thStreetandKansasAvenue.3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/MilesDavisYouthHouse.EastStLouis.17thStreetandKansasAvenue.3.jpg/220px-MilesDavisYouthHouse.EastStLouis.17thStreetandKansasAvenue.3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/MilesDavisYouthHouse.EastStLouis.17thStreetandKansasAvenue.3.jpg/330px-MilesDavisYouthHouse.EastStLouis.17thStreetandKansasAvenue.3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/MilesDavisYouthHouse.EastStLouis.17thStreetandKansasAvenue.3.jpg/440px-MilesDavisYouthHouse.EastStLouis.17thStreetandKansasAvenue.3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption>The house at 1701 Kansas Avenue in East St. Louis, Illinois, where Davis lived from 1939 to 1944</figcaption></figure> In 1935, Davis received his first trumpet as a gift from John Eubanks, a friend of his father.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly2001210-18">[18]</a> He then took weekly lessons from "the biggest influence on my life," <a href="/wiki/Elwood_Buchanan" title="Elwood Buchanan">Elwood Buchanan</a>, a teacher and musician who was a patient of his father.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECook20079-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-:10-19">[19]</a> His mother wanted him to play the violin instead.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''200719-20">[20]</a> Against the fashion of the time, Buchanan stressed the importance of playing without <a href="/wiki/Vibrato" title="Vibrato">vibrato</a> and encouraged him to use a clear, mid-range tone. Davis said that whenever he started playing with heavy vibrato, Buchanan slapped his knuckles.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''200719-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECook20079-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe198932-21">[21]</a> In later years Davis said, "I prefer a round sound with no attitude in it, like a round voice with not too much tremolo and not too much bass. Just right in the middle. If I can't get that sound I can't play anything."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahn2001-22">[22]</a> The family soon moved to 1701 Kansas Avenue in East St. Louis.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarner2014-17">[17]</a> In his autobiography, Davis stated, "By the age of 12, music had become the most important thing in my life."<a href="#cite_note-:10-19">[19]</a> On his thirteenth birthday his father bought him a new trumpet,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly2001210-18">[18]</a> and Davis began to play in local bands. He took additional trumpet lessons from Joseph Gustat, principal trumpeter of the <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Symphony_Orchestra" title="St. Louis Symphony Orchestra">St. Louis Symphony Orchestra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly2001210-18">[18]</a> Davis would also play the trumpet in talent shows he and his siblings would put on.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarner2014-17">[17]</a> In 1941, the 15-year-old attended <a href="/wiki/East_St._Louis_Lincoln_High_School" title="East St. Louis Lincoln High School">East St. Louis Lincoln High School</a>, where he joined the marching band directed by Buchanan and entered music competitions. Years later, Davis said that he was discriminated against in these competitions due to his race, but he added that these experiences made him a better musician.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrr201211-16">[16]</a> When a drummer asked him to play a certain passage of music, and he couldn't do it, he began to learn <a href="/wiki/Music_theory" title="Music theory">music theory</a>. "I went and got everything, every book I could get to learn about theory."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''200723-23">[23]</a> At Lincoln, Davis met his first girlfriend, Irene Birth (later Cawthon).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton200510-24">[24]</a> He had a band that performed at the Elks Club.<a href="#cite_note-Arons-25">[25]</a> Part of his earnings paid for his sister's education at <a href="/wiki/Fisk_University" title="Fisk University">Fisk University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly2001211-26">[26]</a> Davis befriended trumpeter <a href="/wiki/Clark_Terry" title="Clark Terry">Clark Terry</a>, who suggested he play without vibrato, and performed with him for several years.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly2001210-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly2001211-26">[26]</a> With encouragement from his teacher and girlfriend, Davis filled a vacant spot in the <a href="/wiki/Rhumboogie_Caf%C3%A9" title="Rhumboogie Café">Rhumboogie Orchestra</a>, also known as the Blue Devils, led by Eddie Randle. He became the band's musical director, which involved hiring musicians and scheduling rehearsal.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrr201212-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly2001211-26">[26]</a> Years later, Davis considered this job one of the most important of his career.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''200723-23">[23]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sonny_Stitt" title="Sonny Stitt">Sonny Stitt</a> tried to persuade him to join the <a href="/wiki/Tiny_Bradshaw" title="Tiny Bradshaw">Tiny Bradshaw</a> band, which was passing through town, but his mother insisted he finish high school before going on tour. He said later, "I didn't talk to her for two weeks. And I didn't go with the band either."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrr201213-28">[28]</a> In January 1944, Davis finished high school and graduated in absentia in June. During the next month, his girlfriend gave birth to a daughter, Cheryl.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly2001211-26">[26]</a> In July 1944, <a href="/wiki/Billy_Eckstine" title="Billy Eckstine">Billy Eckstine</a> visited St. Louis with a band that included <a href="/wiki/Art_Blakey" title="Art Blakey">Art Blakey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">Dizzy Gillespie</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Parker" title="Charlie Parker">Charlie Parker</a>. Trumpeter Buddy Anderson was too sick to perform,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECook20079-13">[13]</a> so Davis was invited to join. He played with the band for two weeks at <a href="/wiki/Club_Riviera" title="Club Riviera">Club Riviera</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly2001211-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECook200710-29">[29]</a> After playing with these musicians, he was certain he should move to New York City, "where the action was".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''200729-30">[30]</a> His mother wanted him to go to Fisk University, like his sister, and study piano or violin. Davis had other interests.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrr201213-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Miles_Davis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1944–1948:_New_York_City_and_the_bebop_years">1944–1948: New York City and the bebop years</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Miles_Davis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1944–1948: New York City and the bebop years">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charlie_Parker,_Tommy_Potter,_Miles_Davis,_Duke_Jordan,_Max_Roach_(Gottlieb_06851).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Charlie_Parker%2C_Tommy_Potter%2C_Miles_Davis%2C_Duke_Jordan%2C_Max_Roach_%28Gottlieb_06851%29.jpg/220px-Charlie_Parker%2C_Tommy_Potter%2C_Miles_Davis%2C_Duke_Jordan%2C_Max_Roach_%28Gottlieb_06851%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Charlie_Parker%2C_Tommy_Potter%2C_Miles_Davis%2C_Duke_Jordan%2C_Max_Roach_%28Gottlieb_06851%29.jpg/330px-Charlie_Parker%2C_Tommy_Potter%2C_Miles_Davis%2C_Duke_Jordan%2C_Max_Roach_%28Gottlieb_06851%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Charlie_Parker%2C_Tommy_Potter%2C_Miles_Davis%2C_Duke_Jordan%2C_Max_Roach_%28Gottlieb_06851%29.jpg/440px-Charlie_Parker%2C_Tommy_Potter%2C_Miles_Davis%2C_Duke_Jordan%2C_Max_Roach_%28Gottlieb_06851%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4813" data-file-height="3613" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Potter" title="Tommy Potter">Tommy Potter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Parker" title="Charlie Parker">Charlie Parker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Max_Roach" title="Max Roach">Max Roach</a>, Miles Davis, <a href="/wiki/Duke_Jordan" title="Duke Jordan">Duke Jordan</a> in August 1947</figcaption></figure> In September 1944, Davis accepted his father's idea of studying at the <a href="/wiki/Juilliard_School" title="Juilliard School">Juilliard School of Music</a> in New York City.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly2001211-26">[26]</a> After passing the audition, he attended classes in music theory, piano and dictation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''200732-31">[31]</a> Davis often skipped his classes.<a href="#cite_note-:1-32">[32]</a> Much of Davis's time was spent in clubs seeking his idol, Charlie Parker. According to Davis, <a href="/wiki/Coleman_Hawkins" title="Coleman Hawkins">Coleman Hawkins</a> told him "finish your studies at Juilliard and forget Bird [Parker]".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe198956-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECook200710-29">[29]</a> After finding Parker, he joined a cadre of regulars at <a href="/wiki/Minton%27s_Playhouse" title="Minton's Playhouse">Minton's</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monroe%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Monroe's">Monroe's</a> in Harlem who held jam sessions every night. The other regulars included <a href="/wiki/J._J._Johnson" title="J. J. Johnson">J. J. Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Clarke" title="Kenny Clarke">Kenny Clarke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thelonious_Monk" title="Thelonious Monk">Thelonious Monk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fats_Navarro" title="Fats Navarro">Fats Navarro</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Freddie_Webster" title="Freddie Webster">Freddie Webster</a>. Davis reunited with Cawthon and their daughter when they moved to New York City. Parker became a roommate.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECook200710-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly2001211-26">[26]</a> Around this time Davis was paid an allowance of $40 (equivalent to $690 in 2023<a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-34">[34]</a>).<a href="#cite_note-:12-35">[35]</a> In mid-1945, Davis failed to register for the year's autumn term at Juilliard and dropped out after three semesters<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''200717-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly200138-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly2001211-26">[26]</a> because he wanted to perform full-time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly200168-37">[37]</a> Years later he criticized Juilliard for concentrating too much on classical European and "white" repertoire, but he praised the school for teaching him music theory and improving his trumpet technique. Davis began performing at clubs on 52nd Street with Coleman Hawkins and <a href="/wiki/Eddie_%22Lockjaw%22_Davis" title="Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis">Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis</a>. He recorded for the first time on April 24, 1945, when he entered the studio as a sideman for <a href="/wiki/Herbie_Fields" title="Herbie Fields">Herbie Fields</a>'s band.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly2001211-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECook200710-29">[29]</a> During the next year, he recorded as a leader for the first time with the Miles Davis Sextet plus Earl Coleman and Ann Baker, one of the few times he accompanied a singer.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Howard_McGhee,_Brick_Fleagle_and_Miles_Davis,_ca_September_1947_(Gottlieb).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Howard_McGhee%2C_Brick_Fleagle_and_Miles_Davis%2C_ca_September_1947_%28Gottlieb%29.jpg/170px-Howard_McGhee%2C_Brick_Fleagle_and_Miles_Davis%2C_ca_September_1947_%28Gottlieb%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Howard_McGhee%2C_Brick_Fleagle_and_Miles_Davis%2C_ca_September_1947_%28Gottlieb%29.jpg/255px-Howard_McGhee%2C_Brick_Fleagle_and_Miles_Davis%2C_ca_September_1947_%28Gottlieb%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Howard_McGhee%2C_Brick_Fleagle_and_Miles_Davis%2C_ca_September_1947_%28Gottlieb%29.jpg/340px-Howard_McGhee%2C_Brick_Fleagle_and_Miles_Davis%2C_ca_September_1947_%28Gottlieb%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4895" data-file-height="5130" /></a><figcaption>Davis on piano with <a href="/wiki/Howard_McGhee" title="Howard McGhee">Howard McGhee</a> (trumpet), Joe Albany (pianist, standing) and <a href="/wiki/Brick_Fleagle" title="Brick Fleagle">Brick Fleagle</a> (guitarist, smoking), September 1947</figcaption></figure> In 1945, Davis replaced Dizzy Gillespie in Charlie Parker's quintet. On November 26, he participated in several recording sessions as part of Parker's group Reboppers that also involved Gillespie and <a href="/wiki/Max_Roach" title="Max Roach">Max Roach</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly2001211-26">[26]</a> displaying hints of the style he would become known for. On Parker's tune "<a href="/wiki/Now%27s_the_Time_(composition)" title="Now's the Time (composition)">Now's the Time</a>", Davis played a solo that anticipated <a href="/wiki/Cool_jazz" title="Cool jazz">cool jazz</a>. He next joined a big band led by <a href="/wiki/Benny_Carter" title="Benny Carter">Benny Carter</a>, performing in St. Louis and remaining with the band in California. He again played with Parker and Gillespie.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly2001212-39">[39]</a> In Los Angeles, Parker had a <a href="/wiki/Nervous_breakdown" class="mw-redirect" title="Nervous breakdown">nervous breakdown</a> that put him in the hospital for several months.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly2001212-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> In March 1946, Davis played in studio sessions with Parker and began a collaboration with bassist <a href="/wiki/Charles_Mingus" title="Charles Mingus">Charles Mingus</a> that summer. Cawthon gave birth to Davis's second child, Gregory, in East St. Louis before reuniting with Davis in New York City the following year.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly2001212-39">[39]</a> Davis noted that by this time, "I was still so much into the music that I was even ignoring Irene." He had also turned to alcohol and cocaine.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989105-41">[41]</a> Davis was a member of Billy Eckstine's big band in 1946 and Gillespie's in 1947.<a href="#cite_note-New_Grove-42">[42]</a> He joined a quintet led by Parker that also included Max Roach. Together they performed live with <a href="/wiki/Duke_Jordan" title="Duke Jordan">Duke Jordan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Potter" title="Tommy Potter">Tommy Potter</a> for much of the year, including several studio sessions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly2001212-39">[39]</a> In one session that May, Davis wrote the tune "Cheryl", for his daughter. Davis's first session as a leader followed in August 1947, playing as the Miles Davis All Stars that included Parker, pianist <a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_(pianist)" title="John Lewis (pianist)">John Lewis</a>, and bassist <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Boyd" title="Nelson Boyd">Nelson Boyd</a>; they recorded "Milestones", "Half Nelson", and "Sippin' at Bells".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECook200712-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly2001212-39">[39]</a> After touring Chicago and Detroit with Parker's quintet, Davis returned to New York City in March 1948 and joined the <a href="/wiki/Jazz_at_the_Philharmonic" title="Jazz at the Philharmonic">Jazz at the Philharmonic</a> tour, which included a stop in St. Louis on April 30.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly2001212-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1948–1950:_Miles_Davis_Nonet_and_Birth_of_the_Cool">1948–1950: Miles Davis Nonet and Birth of the Cool</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Miles_Davis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1948–1950: Miles Davis Nonet and Birth of the Cool">edit</a>]</div> In August 1948, Davis declined an offer to join <a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington" title="Duke Ellington">Duke Ellington</a>'s orchestra as he had entered rehearsals with a nine-piece band featuring baritone saxophonist <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan" title="Gerry Mulligan">Gerry Mulligan</a> and arrangements by <a href="/wiki/Gil_Evans" title="Gil Evans">Gil Evans</a>, taking an active role on what soon became his own project.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly2001212-39">[39]</a> Evans' Manhattan apartment had become the meeting place for several young musicians and composers such as Davis, Roach, Lewis, and Mulligan who were unhappy with the increasingly virtuoso instrumental techniques that dominated bebop.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECook200714-45">[45]</a> These gatherings led to the formation of the Miles Davis <a href="/wiki/Nonet_(music)" title="Nonet (music)">Nonet</a>, which included atypical modern jazz instruments such as French horn and tuba, leading to a thickly textured, almost orchestral sound.<a href="#cite_note-:1-32">[32]</a> The intent was to imitate the human voice through carefully arranged compositions and a relaxed, melodic approach to improvisation. In September, the band completed their sole engagement as the opening band for <a href="/wiki/Count_Basie" title="Count Basie">Count Basie</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Roost" title="Royal Roost">Royal Roost</a> for two weeks. Davis had to persuade the venue's manager to write the sign "Miles Davis Nonet. Arrangements by Gil Evans, John Lewis and Gerry Mulligan". Davis returned to Parker's quintet, but relationships within the quintet were growing tense mainly due to Parker's erratic behavior caused by his drug addiction.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly2001212-39">[39]</a> Early in his time with Parker, Davis abstained from drugs, chose a vegetarian diet, and spoke of the benefits of water and juice.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECook20072-46">[46]</a> In December 1948, Davis quit, saying he was not being paid.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly2001212-39">[39]</a> His departure began a period when he worked mainly as a freelancer and sideman. His nonet remained active until the end of 1949. After signing a contract with <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol Records</a>, they recorded sessions in January and April 1949, which sold little but influenced the "cool" or "west coast" style of jazz.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly2001212-39">[39]</a> The lineup changed throughout the year and included tuba player <a href="/wiki/Bill_Barber_(musician)" title="Bill Barber (musician)">Bill Barber</a>, alto saxophonist <a href="/wiki/Lee_Konitz" title="Lee Konitz">Lee Konitz</a>, pianist <a href="/wiki/Al_Haig" title="Al Haig">Al Haig</a>, trombone players <a href="/wiki/Mike_Zwerin" title="Mike Zwerin">Mike Zwerin</a> with <a href="/wiki/Kai_Winding" title="Kai Winding">Kai Winding</a>, French horn players <a href="/wiki/Junior_Collins" title="Junior Collins">Junior Collins</a> with Sandy Siegelstein and <a href="/wiki/Gunther_Schuller" title="Gunther Schuller">Gunther Schuller</a>, and bassists <a href="/wiki/Al_McKibbon" title="Al McKibbon">Al McKibbon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Shulman" title="Joe Shulman">Joe Shulman</a>. One track featured singer <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Hagood" title="Kenny Hagood">Kenny Hagood</a>. The presence of white musicians in the group angered some black players, many of whom were unemployed at the time, yet Davis rebuffed their criticisms.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989117-47">[47]</a> Recording sessions with the nonet for Capitol continued until April 1950. The Nonet recorded a dozen tracks which were released as singles and subsequently compiled on the 1957 album <a href="/wiki/Birth_of_the_Cool" title="Birth of the Cool">Birth of the Cool</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-32">[32]</a> In May 1949, Davis performed with the <a href="/wiki/Tadd_Dameron" title="Tadd Dameron">Tadd Dameron</a> Quintet with <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Clarke" title="Kenny Clarke">Kenny Clarke</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Moody_(saxophonist)" title="James Moody (saxophonist)">James Moody</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Jazz_Festival" title="Paris Jazz Festival">Paris International Jazz Festival</a>. On his first trip abroad Davis took a strong liking to Paris and its cultural environment, where he felt black jazz musicians and people of color in general were better respected than in the U.S. The trip, he said, "changed the way I looked at things forever".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989126-48">[48]</a> He began an affair with singer and actress <a href="/wiki/Juliette_Gr%C3%A9co" title="Juliette Gréco">Juliette Gréco</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989126-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1949–1955:_Signing_with_Prestige,_heroin_addiction,_and_hard_bop">1949–1955: Signing with Prestige, heroin addiction, and hard bop</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Miles_Davis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1949–1955: Signing with Prestige, heroin addiction, and hard bop">edit</a>]</div> After returning from Paris in mid-1949, he became depressed and found little work except a short engagement with Powell in October and guest spots in New York City, Chicago, and Detroit until January 1950.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESzwed200491-49">[49]</a> He was falling behind in hotel rent and attempts were made to repossess his car. His heroin use became an expensive addiction, and Davis, not yet 24 years old, "lost my sense of discipline, lost my sense of control over my life, and started to drift".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989129-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly2001212-39">[39]</a> In August 1950, Cawthon gave birth to Davis's second son, Miles IV. Davis befriended boxer <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Bratton" title="Johnny Bratton">Johnny Bratton</a> which began his interest in the sport. Davis left Cawthon and his three children in New York City in the hands of one his friends, jazz singer <a href="/wiki/Betty_Carter" title="Betty Carter">Betty Carter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESzwed200491-49">[49]</a> He toured with Eckstine and <a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday">Billie Holiday</a> and was arrested for heroin possession in Los Angeles. The story was reported in <a href="/wiki/DownBeat" title="DownBeat">DownBeat</a> magazine, which led to a further reduction in work, though he was acquitted weeks later.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECook200725-51">[51]</a> By the 1950s, Davis had become more skilled and was experimenting with the middle register of the trumpet alongside harmonies and rhythms.<a href="#cite_note-:1-32">[32]</a> In January 1951, Davis's fortunes improved when he signed a one-year contract with <a href="/wiki/Prestige_Records" title="Prestige Records">Prestige</a> after owner <a href="/wiki/Bob_Weinstock" title="Bob Weinstock">Bob Weinstock</a> became a fan of the nonet. <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989175–176-52">[52]</a> Davis chose Lewis, trombonist <a href="/wiki/Bennie_Green" title="Bennie Green">Bennie Green</a>, bassist <a href="/wiki/Percy_Heath" title="Percy Heath">Percy Heath</a>, saxophonist <a href="/wiki/Sonny_Rollins" title="Sonny Rollins">Sonny Rollins</a>, and drummer <a href="/wiki/Roy_Haynes" title="Roy Haynes">Roy Haynes</a>; they recorded what became part of <a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_and_Horns" title="Miles Davis and Horns">Miles Davis and Horns</a> (1956). Davis was hired for other studio dates in 1951<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECook200725-51">[51]</a> and began to transcribe scores for record labels to fund his heroin addiction. His second session for Prestige was released on <a href="/wiki/The_New_Sounds" title="The New Sounds">The New Sounds</a> (1951), <a href="/wiki/Dig_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Dig (Miles Davis album)">Dig</a> (1956), and <a href="/wiki/Conception_(album)" title="Conception (album)">Conception</a> (1956).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECook200726-53">[53]</a> Davis supported his heroin habit by playing music and by living the life of a hustler, exploiting prostitutes, and receiving money from friends. By 1953, his addiction began to impair his playing. His drug habit became public in a DownBeat interview with <a href="/wiki/Cab_Calloway" title="Cab Calloway">Cab Calloway</a>, whom he never forgave as it brought him "all pain and suffering".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989164-54">[54]</a> He returned to St. Louis and stayed with his father for several months.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989164-54">[54]</a> After a brief period with Roach and Mingus in September 1953,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989164–165-55">[55]</a> he returned to his father's home, where he concentrated on addressing his addiction.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989169–170-56">[56]</a> Davis lived in Detroit for about six months, avoiding New York City, where it was easy to get drugs. Though he used heroin, he was still able to perform locally with <a href="/wiki/Elvin_Jones" title="Elvin Jones">Elvin Jones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Flanagan" title="Tommy Flanagan">Tommy Flanagan</a> as part of <a href="/wiki/Billy_Mitchell_(saxophonist)" title="Billy Mitchell (saxophonist)">Billy Mitchell</a>'s house band at the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Bird_Inn" title="Blue Bird Inn">Blue Bird</a> club. He was also "pimping a little".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989171-57">[57]</a> However, he was able to end his addiction, and, in February 1954, Davis returned to New York City, feeling good "for the first time in a long time", mentally and physically stronger, and joined a gym.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989174,_175,_184-58">[58]</a> He informed Weinstock and <a href="/wiki/Blue_Note_Records" title="Blue Note Records">Blue Note</a> that he was ready to record with a quintet, which he was granted. He considered the albums that resulted from these and earlier sessions – <a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_Quartet_(album)" title="Miles Davis Quartet (album)">Miles Davis Quartet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_Volume_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Miles Davis Volume 2">Miles Davis Volume 2</a> – "very important" because he felt his performances were particularly strong.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989175-59">[59]</a> He was paid roughly $750 (equivalent to $8,500 in 2023<a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-34">[34]</a>) for each album and refused to give away his publishing rights.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989176-60">[60]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trumpet_WahWahMute.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Trumpet_WahWahMute.jpg/220px-Trumpet_WahWahMute.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Trumpet_WahWahMute.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="227" /></a><figcaption>During the 1950s, Davis started using a <a href="/wiki/Harmon_mute" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmon mute">Harmon mute</a> on his trumpet. It became part of his signature sound for the rest of his career.</figcaption></figure> Davis abandoned the bebop style and turned to the music of pianist <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Jamal" title="Ahmad Jamal">Ahmad Jamal</a>, whose approach and use of space influenced him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989190-61">[61]</a> When he returned to the studio in June 1955 to record The Musings of Miles, he wanted a pianist like Jamal and chose <a href="/wiki/Red_Garland" title="Red Garland">Red Garland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989190-61">[61]</a> <a href="/wiki/Blue_Haze" title="Blue Haze">Blue Haze</a> (1956), <a href="/wiki/Bags%27_Groove" title="Bags' Groove">Bags' Groove</a> (1957), <a href="/wiki/Walkin%27" title="Walkin'">Walkin'</a> (1957), and <a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_and_the_Modern_Jazz_Giants" title="Miles Davis and the Modern Jazz Giants">Miles Davis and the Modern Jazz Giants</a> (1959) documented the evolution of his sound with the <a href="/wiki/Harmon_mute" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmon mute">Harmon mute</a> placed close to the microphone, and the use of more spacious and relaxed phrasing. He assumed a central role in <a href="/wiki/Hard_bop" title="Hard bop">hard bop</a>, less radical in harmony and melody, and used popular songs and American standards as starting points for improvisation. Hard bop distanced itself from cool jazz with a harder beat and music inspired by the blues.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> A few critics consider Walkin' (April 1954) the album that created the hard bop genre.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahn2001-22">[22]</a> Davis gained a reputation for being cold, distant, and easily angered. He wrote that in 1954 <a href="/wiki/Sugar_Ray_Robinson" title="Sugar Ray Robinson">Sugar Ray Robinson</a> "was the most important thing in my life besides music", and he adopted Robinson's "arrogant attitude".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989183-63">[63]</a> He showed contempt for critics and the press. Davis had an operation to remove polyps from his larynx in October 1955.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESzwed2004-64">[64]</a> The doctors told him to remain silent after the operation, but he got into an argument that permanently damaged his vocal cords and gave him a raspy voice for the rest of his life.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> He was called the "prince of darkness", adding a patina of mystery to his public persona.<a href="#cite_note-69">[a]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1955–1959:_Signing_with_Columbia,_first_quintet,_and_modal_jazz">1955–1959: Signing with Columbia, first quintet, and modal jazz</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Miles_Davis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1955–1959: Signing with Columbia, first quintet, and modal jazz">edit</a>]</div> In July 1955, Davis's fortunes improved considerably when he played at the <a href="/wiki/Newport_Jazz_Festival" title="Newport Jazz Festival">Newport Jazz Festival</a>, with a lineup of Monk, Heath, drummer <a href="/wiki/Connie_Kay" title="Connie Kay">Connie Kay</a>, and horn players <a href="/wiki/Zoot_Sims" title="Zoot Sims">Zoot Sims</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan" title="Gerry Mulligan">Gerry Mulligan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''200773-70">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-71">[70]</a> The performance was praised by critics and audiences alike, who considered it to be a highlight of the festival as well as helping Davis, the least well known musician in the group, to increase his popularity among affluent white audiences.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton200527-72">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-71">[70]</a> He tied with Dizzy Gillespie for best trumpeter in the 1955 DownBeat magazine Readers' Poll.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECook200743–44-73">[72]</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Avakian" title="George Avakian">George Avakian</a> of <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Records</a> heard Davis perform at Newport and wanted to sign him to the label. Davis had one year left on his contract with Prestige, which required him to release four more albums. He signed a contract with Columbia that included a $4,000 advance (equivalent to $45,500 in 2023<a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-34">[34]</a>) and required that his recordings for Columbia remain unreleased until his agreement with Prestige expired.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarr199896-74">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989192-75">[74]</a> At the request of Avakian, he formed the <a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_Quintet" title="Miles Davis Quintet">Miles Davis Quintet</a> for a performance at <a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_Bohemia" title="Café Bohemia">Café Bohemia</a>. The quintet contained Sonny Rollins on tenor saxophone, <a href="/wiki/Red_Garland" title="Red Garland">Red Garland</a> on piano, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Chambers" title="Paul Chambers">Paul Chambers</a> on double bass, and <a href="/wiki/Philly_Joe_Jones" title="Philly Joe Jones">Philly Joe Jones</a> on drums. Rollins was replaced by <a href="/wiki/John_Coltrane" title="John Coltrane">John Coltrane</a>, completing the membership of the first quintet. To fulfill Davis' contract with Prestige, this new group worked through <a href="/wiki/The_Legendary_Prestige_Quintet_Sessions" title="The Legendary Prestige Quintet Sessions">two marathon sessions</a> in May and October 1956 that were released by the label as four LPs: <a href="/wiki/Cookin%27_with_the_Miles_Davis_Quintet" title="Cookin' with the Miles Davis Quintet">Cookin' with the Miles Davis Quintet</a> (1957), <a href="/wiki/Relaxin%27_with_the_Miles_Davis_Quintet" title="Relaxin' with the Miles Davis Quintet">Relaxin' with the Miles Davis Quintet</a> (1958), <a href="/wiki/Workin%27_with_the_Miles_Davis_Quintet" title="Workin' with the Miles Davis Quintet">Workin' with the Miles Davis Quintet</a> (1960) and <a href="/wiki/Steamin%27_with_the_Miles_Davis_Quintet" title="Steamin' with the Miles Davis Quintet">Steamin' with the Miles Davis Quintet</a> (1961). Each album was critically acclaimed and helped establish Davis's quintet as one of the best.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChambers1998223-76">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECook200745-77">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarr199899-78">[77]</a> The style of the group was an extension of their experience playing with Davis. He played long, legato, melodic lines, while Coltrane contrasted with energetic solos. Their live repertoire was a mix of bebop, standards from the <a href="/wiki/Great_American_Songbook" title="Great American Songbook">Great American Songbook</a> and pre-bop eras, and traditional tunes. They appeared on <a href="/wiki/%27Round_About_Midnight" title="'Round About Midnight">'Round About Midnight</a>, Davis's first album for Columbia. In 1956, he left his quintet temporarily to tour Europe as part of the Birdland All-Stars, which included the <a href="/wiki/Modern_Jazz_Quartet" title="Modern Jazz Quartet">Modern Jazz Quartet</a> and French and German musicians. In Paris, he reunited with Gréco and they "were lovers for many years".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989186-79">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly2001215-80">[79]</a> He then returned home, reunited his quintet and toured the US for two months. Conflict arose on tour when he grew impatient with the drug habits of Jones and Coltrane. Davis was trying to live a healthier life by exercising and reducing his use of alcohol. But he continued to use cocaine.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989209-81">[80]</a> At the end of the tour, he fired Jones and Coltrane and replaced them with Sonny Rollins and <a href="/wiki/Art_Taylor" title="Art Taylor">Art Taylor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989214-82">[81]</a> In November 1957, Davis went to Paris and recorded the <a href="/wiki/Ascenseur_pour_l%27%C3%A9chafaud_(soundtrack)" title="Ascenseur pour l'échafaud (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a> to Ascenseur pour l'échafaud.<a href="#cite_note-New_Grove-42">[42]</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Malle" title="Louis Malle">Louis Malle</a> and starring <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Moreau" title="Jeanne Moreau">Jeanne Moreau</a>. Consisting of French jazz musicians <a href="/wiki/Barney_Wilen" title="Barney Wilen">Barney Wilen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Michelot" title="Pierre Michelot">Pierre Michelot</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Urtreger" title="René Urtreger">René Urtreger</a>, and American drummer <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Clarke" title="Kenny Clarke">Kenny Clarke</a>, the group avoided a written score and instead improvised while they watched the film in a recording studio. After returning to New York, Davis revived his quintet with Adderley<a href="#cite_note-New_Grove-42">[42]</a> and Coltrane, who was clean from his drug habit. Now a sextet, the group recorded material in early 1958 that was released on <a href="/wiki/Milestones_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Milestones (Miles Davis album)">Milestones</a>, an album that demonstrated Davis's interest in <a href="/wiki/Modal_jazz" title="Modal jazz">modal jazz</a>. A performance by <a href="/wiki/Les_Ballets_Africains" title="Les Ballets Africains">Les Ballets Africains</a> drew him to slower, deliberate music that allowed the creation of solos from harmony rather than chords.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''200797-83">[82]</a> By May 1958, he had replaced Jones with drummer <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Cobb" title="Jimmy Cobb">Jimmy Cobb</a>, and Garland left the group, leaving Davis to play piano on "Sid's Ahead" for Milestones.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989224-84">[83]</a> He wanted someone who could play modal jazz, so he hired <a href="/wiki/Bill_Evans" title="Bill Evans">Bill Evans</a>, a young pianist with a background in classical music.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989229-85">[84]</a> Evans had an impressionistic approach to piano. His ideas greatly influenced Davis. But after eight months of touring, a tired Evans left. <a href="/wiki/Wynton_Kelly" title="Wynton Kelly">Wynton Kelly</a>, his replacement, brought to the group a swinging style that contrasted with Evans's delicacy. The sextet made their recording debut on <a href="/wiki/Jazz_Track" title="Jazz Track">Jazz Track</a> (1958).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989229-85">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1957–1963:_Collaborations_with_Gil_Evans_and_Kind_of_Blue">1957–1963: Collaborations with Gil Evans and Kind of Blue</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Miles_Davis&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1957–1963: Collaborations with Gil Evans and Kind of Blue">edit</a>]</div> By early 1957, Davis was exhausted from recording and touring and wished to pursue new projects. In March, the 30-year-old Davis told journalists of his intention to retire soon and revealed offers he had received to teach at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> and be a musical director at a record label.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESzwed2004139-86">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarr1998107-87">[86]</a> Avakian agreed that it was time for Davis to explore something different, but Davis rejected his suggestion of returning to his nonet as he considered that a step backward.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarr1998107-87">[86]</a> Avakian then suggested that he work with a bigger ensemble, similar to Music for Brass (1957), an album of orchestral and brass-arranged music led by <a href="/wiki/Gunther_Schuller" title="Gunther Schuller">Gunther Schuller</a> featuring Davis as a guest soloist. Davis accepted and worked with Gil Evans in what became a five-album collaboration from 1957 to 1962.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESzwed2004140-88">[87]</a> <a href="/wiki/Miles_Ahead_(album)" title="Miles Ahead (album)">Miles Ahead</a> (1957) showcased Davis on flugelhorn and a rendition of "The Maids of Cadiz" by <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9o_Delibes" title="Léo Delibes">Léo Delibes</a>, the first piece of classical music that Davis recorded. Evans devised orchestral passages as transitions, thus turning the album into one long piece of music.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESzwed2004141-89">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a> <a href="/wiki/Porgy_and_Bess_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Porgy and Bess (Miles Davis album)">Porgy and Bess</a> (1959) includes arrangements of pieces from George Gershwin's <a href="/wiki/Porgy_and_Bess" title="Porgy and Bess">opera</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sketches_of_Spain" title="Sketches of Spain">Sketches of Spain</a> (1960) contained music by <a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Rodrigo" title="Joaquín Rodrigo">Joaquín Rodrigo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Falla" title="Manuel de Falla">Manuel de Falla</a> and originals by Evans. The classical musicians had trouble improvising, while the jazz musicians couldn't handle the difficult arrangements, but the album was a critical success, selling over 120,000 copies in the US.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''2007108-91">[90]</a> Davis performed with an orchestra conducted by Evans at Carnegie Hall in May 1961 to raise money for charity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''2007109-92">[91]</a> The pair's final album was <a href="/wiki/Quiet_Nights_(Miles_Davis_and_Gil_Evans_album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quiet Nights (Miles Davis and Gil Evans album)">Quiet Nights</a> (1963), a collection of <a href="/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova">bossa nova</a> songs released against their wishes. Evans stated it was only half an album and blamed the record company; Davis blamed producer <a href="/wiki/Teo_Macero" title="Teo Macero">Teo Macero</a> and refused to speak to him for more than two years.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarr1998192–193-93">[92]</a> The boxed set <a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_%26_Gil_Evans:_The_Complete_Columbia_Studio_Recordings" title="Miles Davis & Gil Evans: The Complete Columbia Studio Recordings">Miles Davis & Gil Evans: The Complete Columbia Studio Recordings</a> (1996) won the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Historical_Album" title="Grammy Award for Best Historical Album">Grammy Award for Best Historical Album</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Album_Notes" title="Grammy Award for Best Album Notes">Best Album Notes</a> in 1997. In March and April 1959, Davis recorded what some consider his greatest album, <a href="/wiki/Kind_of_Blue" title="Kind of Blue">Kind of Blue</a>. He named the album for its mood.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''2007106-94">[93]</a> He called back Bill Evans, as the music had been planned around Evans's piano style.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahn200195-95">[94]</a> Both Davis and Evans were familiar with <a href="/wiki/George_Russell_(composer)" title="George Russell (composer)">George Russell</a>'s ideas about modal jazz.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahn200129–30-96">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahn200174-97">[96]</a> But Davis neglected to tell pianist Wynton Kelly that Evans was returning, so Kelly appeared on only one song, "<a href="/wiki/Freddie_Freeloader" title="Freddie Freeloader">Freddie Freeloader</a>". <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahn200195-95">[94]</a> The sextet had played "<a href="/wiki/So_What_(instrumental)" class="mw-redirect" title="So What (instrumental)">So What</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/All_Blues" title="All Blues">All Blues</a>" at performances, but the remaining three compositions they saw for the first time in the studio. Released in August 1959, Kind of Blue was an instant success, with widespread radio airplay and rave reviews from critics.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''2007106-94">[93]</a> It has remained a strong seller over the years. In 2019, the album achieved <a href="/wiki/RIAA_certification" title="RIAA certification">5× platinum</a> certification from the <a href="/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America" title="Recording Industry Association of America">Recording Industry Association of America</a> for sales of over five million copies in the US, making it one of the most successful jazz albums in history.<a href="#cite_note-riaa-98">[97]</a> In 2009, the US House of Representatives passed a resolution that honored it as a national treasure.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-99">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> In August 1959, during a break in a recording session at the <a href="/wiki/Birdland_(jazz_club)" class="mw-redirect" title="Birdland (jazz club)">Birdland</a> nightclub in New York City, Davis was escorting a blonde-haired woman to a taxi outside the club when policeman Gerald Kilduff told him to "move on".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Complete_Illustrated_History2007100-101">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-arrest-102">[101]</a> Davis said that he was working at the club, and he refused to move.<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> Kilduff arrested and grabbed Davis as he tried to protect himself. Witnesses said the policeman hit Davis in the stomach with a nightstick without provocation. Two detectives held the crowd back, while a third approached Davis from behind and beat him over the head. Davis was taken to jail, charged with assaulting an officer, then taken to the hospital where he received five stitches.<a href="#cite_note-arrest-102">[101]</a> By January 1960, he was acquitted of disorderly conduct and third-degree assault. He later stated the incident "changed my whole life and whole attitude again, made me feel bitter and cynical again when I was starting to feel good about the things that had changed in this country".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly200189-104">[103]</a> Davis and his sextet toured to support Kind of Blue.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''2007106-94">[93]</a> He persuaded Coltrane to play with the group on one final European tour in the spring of 1960. Coltrane then departed to form his quartet, though he returned for some tracks on Davis's album <a href="/wiki/Someday_My_Prince_Will_Come_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Someday My Prince Will Come (Miles Davis album)">Someday My Prince Will Come</a> (1961). Its front cover shows a photograph of his wife, <a href="/wiki/Frances_Taylor_Davis" title="Frances Taylor Davis">Frances Taylor</a>, after Davis demanded that Columbia depict black women on his album covers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989252-105">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1963–1968:_Second_quintet">1963–1968: Second quintet</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Miles_Davis&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1963–1968: Second quintet">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miles_Davis_(Antibes_Juan-les-Pins_1963).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Miles_Davis_%28Antibes_Juan-les-Pins_1963%29.jpg/220px-Miles_Davis_%28Antibes_Juan-les-Pins_1963%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Miles_Davis_%28Antibes_Juan-les-Pins_1963%29.jpg/330px-Miles_Davis_%28Antibes_Juan-les-Pins_1963%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Miles_Davis_%28Antibes_Juan-les-Pins_1963%29.jpg/440px-Miles_Davis_%28Antibes_Juan-les-Pins_1963%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="608" /></a><figcaption>Davis performing in Antibes, France, in July 1963</figcaption></figure> In December 1962, Davis, Kelly, Chambers, Cobb, and Rollins played together for the last time as the first three wanted to leave and play as a trio. Rollins left them soon after, leaving Davis to pay over $25,000 (equivalent to $251,800 in 2023<a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-34">[34]</a>) to cancel upcoming gigs and quickly assemble a new group. Following auditions, he found his new band in tenor saxophonist <a href="/wiki/George_Coleman" title="George Coleman">George Coleman</a>, bassist <a href="/wiki/Ron_Carter" title="Ron Carter">Ron Carter</a>, pianist <a href="/wiki/Victor_Feldman" title="Victor Feldman">Victor Feldman</a>, and drummer <a href="/wiki/Frank_Butler_(musician)" title="Frank Butler (musician)">Frank Butler</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989260–262-106">[105]</a> By May 1963, Feldman and Butler were replaced by 23-year-old pianist <a href="/wiki/Herbie_Hancock" title="Herbie Hancock">Herbie Hancock</a> and 17-year-old drummer <a href="/wiki/Tony_Williams_(drummer)" title="Tony Williams (drummer)">Tony Williams</a> who made Davis "excited all over again".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989262-107">[106]</a> With this group, Davis completed the rest of what became <a href="/wiki/Seven_Steps_to_Heaven" title="Seven Steps to Heaven">Seven Steps to Heaven</a> (1963) and recorded the live albums <a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_in_Europe" title="Miles Davis in Europe">Miles Davis in Europe</a> (1964), <a href="/wiki/My_Funny_Valentine_(Miles_Davis_album)" class="mw-redirect" title="My Funny Valentine (Miles Davis album)">My Funny Valentine</a> (1965), and <a href="/wiki/Four_%26_More" title="Four & More">Four & More</a> (1966). The quintet played essentially the same bebop tunes and standards that Davis's previous bands had played, but they approached them with structural and rhythmic freedom and occasionally breakneck speed. In 1964, Coleman was briefly replaced by saxophonist <a href="/wiki/Sam_Rivers_(jazz_musician)" title="Sam Rivers (jazz musician)">Sam Rivers</a> (who recorded with Davis on <a href="/wiki/Miles_in_Tokyo" title="Miles in Tokyo">Miles in Tokyo</a>) until <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Shorter" title="Wayne Shorter">Wayne Shorter</a> was persuaded to leave the <a href="/wiki/The_Jazz_Messengers" title="The Jazz Messengers">Jazz Messengers</a>. The quintet with Shorter lasted through 1968, with Shorter becoming the group's principal composer. The album <a href="/wiki/E.S.P._(Miles_Davis_album)" title="E.S.P. (Miles Davis album)">E.S.P.</a> (1965) was named after his composition. While touring Europe, the group made its first album, <a href="/wiki/Miles_in_Berlin" title="Miles in Berlin">Miles in Berlin</a> (1965).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEinarson200556–57-108">[107]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miles-Davis-1964-Helsinki.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Miles-Davis-1964-Helsinki.jpg/220px-Miles-Davis-1964-Helsinki.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Miles-Davis-1964-Helsinki.jpg/330px-Miles-Davis-1964-Helsinki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Miles-Davis-1964-Helsinki.jpg/440px-Miles-Davis-1964-Helsinki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="539" /></a><figcaption>Davis performing at <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6%C3%B6l%C3%B6_Sports_Hall" title="Töölö Sports Hall">Töölö Sports Hall</a> (Messuhalli) in <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, Finland, in October 1964</figcaption></figure> Davis needed medical attention for hip pain, which had worsened since his Japanese tour during the previous year.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarr1998202-109">[108]</a> He underwent hip replacement surgery in April 1965, with bone taken from his shin, but it failed. After his third month in the hospital, he discharged himself due to boredom and went home. He returned to the hospital in August after a fall required the insertion of a plastic hip joint.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarr1998203-110">[109]</a> In November 1965, he had recovered enough to return to performing with his quintet, which included <a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Live_at_the_Plugged_Nickel_1965" title="The Complete Live at the Plugged Nickel 1965">gigs at the Plugged Nickel</a> in Chicago. Teo Macero returned as his record producer after their rift over Quiet Nights had healed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989282–283-111">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarr1998204-112">[111]</a> In January 1966, Davis spent three months in the hospital with a liver infection. When he resumed touring, he performed more at colleges because he had grown tired of the typical jazz venues.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989283-113">[112]</a> Columbia president <a href="/wiki/Clive_Davis" title="Clive Davis">Clive Davis</a> reported in 1966 his sales had declined to around 40,000–50,000 per album, compared to as many as 100,000 per release a few years before. Matters were not helped by the press reporting his apparent financial troubles and imminent demise.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarr1998209–210-114">[113]</a> After his appearance at the 1966 Newport Jazz Festival, he returned to the studio with his quintet for a series of sessions. He started a relationship with actress <a href="/wiki/Cicely_Tyson" title="Cicely Tyson">Cicely Tyson</a>, who helped him reduce his alcohol consumption.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989284-115">[114]</a> Material from the 1966–1968 sessions was released on <a href="/wiki/Miles_Smiles" title="Miles Smiles">Miles Smiles</a> (1966), <a href="/wiki/Sorcerer_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Sorcerer (Miles Davis album)">Sorcerer</a> (1967), <a href="/wiki/Nefertiti_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Nefertiti (Miles Davis album)">Nefertiti</a> (1967), <a href="/wiki/Miles_in_the_Sky_(album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Miles in the Sky (album)">Miles in the Sky</a> (1968), and <a href="/wiki/Filles_de_Kilimanjaro" title="Filles de Kilimanjaro">Filles de Kilimanjaro</a> (1968). The quintet's approach to the new music became known as "time no changes"—which referred to Davis's decision to depart from chordal sequences and adopt a more open approach, with the rhythm section responding to the soloists' melodies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton200549-116">[115]</a> Through Nefertiti the studio recordings consisted primarily of originals composed by Shorter, with occasional compositions by the other sidemen. In 1967, the group began to play their concerts in continuous sets, each tune flowing into the next, with only the melody indicating any sort of change. His bands performed this way until his hiatus in 1975. Miles in the Sky and Filles de Kilimanjaro—which tentatively introduced electric bass, electric piano, and electric guitar on some tracks—pointed the way to the <a href="/wiki/Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion">fusion</a> phase of Davis's career. He also began experimenting with more rock-oriented rhythms on these records. By the time the second half of Filles de Kilimanjaro was recorded, bassist <a href="/wiki/Dave_Holland_(bassist)" title="Dave Holland (bassist)">Dave Holland</a> and pianist <a href="/wiki/Chick_Corea" title="Chick Corea">Chick Corea</a> had replaced Carter and Hancock. Davis soon took over the compositional duties of his sidemen. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1968–1975:_The_electric_period">1968–1975: The electric period</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Miles_Davis&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 1968–1975: The electric period">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/In_a_Silent_Way" title="In a Silent Way">In a Silent Way</a> was recorded in a single studio session in February 1969, with Shorter, Hancock, Holland, and Williams alongside keyboardists <a href="/wiki/Chick_Corea" title="Chick Corea">Chick Corea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Zawinul" title="Joe Zawinul">Joe Zawinul</a> and guitarist <a href="/wiki/John_McLaughlin_(musician)" title="John McLaughlin (musician)">John McLaughlin</a>. The album contains two side-long tracks that Macero pieced together from different takes recorded at the session. When the album was released later that year, some critics accused him of "selling out" to the rock and roll audience. Nevertheless, it reached number 134 on the US <a href="/wiki/Billboard_200" title="Billboard 200">Billboard Top LPs</a> chart, his first album since My Funny Valentine to reach the chart. In a Silent Way was his entry into jazz fusion. The touring band of 1969–1970—with Shorter, Corea, Holland, and DeJohnette—never completed a studio recording together, and became known as Davis's "lost quintet", though radio broadcasts from the band's European tour have been extensively bootlegged.<a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miles_Davis-140916-0016-103WPA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Miles_Davis-140916-0016-103WPA.jpg/170px-Miles_Davis-140916-0016-103WPA.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Miles_Davis-140916-0016-103WPA.jpg/255px-Miles_Davis-140916-0016-103WPA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Miles_Davis-140916-0016-103WPA.jpg/340px-Miles_Davis-140916-0016-103WPA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Davis performing in 1971</figcaption></figure> For the double album <a href="/wiki/Bitches_Brew" title="Bitches Brew">Bitches Brew</a> (1970), he hired <a href="/wiki/Jack_DeJohnette" title="Jack DeJohnette">Jack DeJohnette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Brooks_(bassist)" title="Harvey Brooks (bassist)">Harvey Brooks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bennie_Maupin" title="Bennie Maupin">Bennie Maupin</a>. The album contained long compositions, some over twenty minutes, that more often than not, were constructed from several takes by Macero and Davis via splicing and tape loops amid epochal advances in multitrack recording technologies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman200583–84-119">[118]</a> Bitches Brew peaked at No. 35 on the Billboard Album chart.<a href="#cite_note-Bitches-120">[119]</a> In 1976, it was certified gold for selling over 500,000 records. By 2003, it had sold one million copies.<a href="#cite_note-riaa-98">[97]</a> In March 1970, Davis began to perform as the opening act for rock bands, allowing Columbia to market Bitches Brew to a larger audience. He shared a <a href="/wiki/Fillmore_East" title="Fillmore East">Fillmore East</a> bill with the <a href="/wiki/Steve_Miller_Band" title="Steve Miller Band">Steve Miller Band</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neil_Young" title="Neil Young">Neil Young</a> with <a href="/wiki/Crazy_Horse_(band)" title="Crazy Horse (band)">Crazy Horse</a> on March 6 and 7.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''2007150-121">[120]</a> Biographer <a href="/wiki/Paul_Tingen" title="Paul Tingen">Paul Tingen</a> wrote, "Miles' newcomer status in this environment" led to "mixed audience reactions, often having to play for dramatically reduced fees, and enduring the 'sell-out' accusations from the jazz world", as well as being "attacked by sections of the black press for supposedly genuflecting to white culture".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETingen2001114-122">[121]</a> The 1970 tours included the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight_Festival_1970" title="Isle of Wight Festival 1970">1970 Isle of Wight Festival</a> on August 29 when he performed to an estimated 600,000 people, the largest of his career.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''2007153-123">[122]</a> Plans to record with Hendrix ended after the guitarist's death; his funeral was the last one that Davis attended.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989318–319-124">[123]</a> Several live albums with a transitional sextet/septet including Corea, DeJohnette, Holland, <a href="/wiki/Airto_Moreira" title="Airto Moreira">Airto Moreira</a>, saxophonist <a href="/wiki/Steve_Grossman_(saxophonist)" title="Steve Grossman (saxophonist)">Steve Grossman</a>, and keyboardist <a href="/wiki/Keith_Jarrett" title="Keith Jarrett">Keith Jarrett</a> were recorded during this period, including <a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_at_Fillmore" title="Miles Davis at Fillmore">Miles Davis at Fillmore</a> (1970) and <a href="/wiki/Black_Beauty:_Miles_Davis_at_Fillmore_West" title="Black Beauty: Miles Davis at Fillmore West">Black Beauty: Miles Davis at Fillmore West</a> (1973).<a href="#cite_note-Miles_Davis-11">[11]</a> By 1971, Davis had signed a contract with Columbia that paid him $100,000 a year (equivalent to $752,340 in 2023<a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-34">[34]</a>) for three years in addition to royalties.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarr1998302-125">[124]</a> He recorded a soundtrack album (<a href="/wiki/Jack_Johnson_(album)" title="Jack Johnson (album)">Jack Johnson</a>) for the <a href="/wiki/Jack_Johnson_(film)" title="Jack Johnson (film)">1970 documentary film</a> about heavyweight boxer <a href="/wiki/Jack_Johnson_(boxer)" title="Jack Johnson (boxer)">Jack Johnson</a>, containing two long pieces of 25 and 26 minutes in length with Hancock, McLaughlin, <a href="/wiki/Sonny_Sharrock" title="Sonny Sharrock">Sonny Sharrock</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Billy_Cobham" title="Billy Cobham">Billy Cobham</a>. He was committed to making music for African-Americans who liked more commercial, pop, groove-oriented music. By November 1971, DeJohnette and Moreira had been replaced in the touring ensemble by drummer <a href="/wiki/Leon_%22Ndugu%22_Chancler" title="Leon "Ndugu" Chancler">Leon "Ndugu" Chancler</a> and percussionists <a href="/wiki/James_Mtume" title="James Mtume">James Mtume</a> and <a href="/wiki/Don_Alias" title="Don Alias">Don Alias</a>.<a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> <a href="/wiki/Live-Evil_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Live-Evil (Miles Davis album)">Live-Evil</a> was released in the same month. Showcasing bassist <a href="/wiki/Michael_Henderson" title="Michael Henderson">Michael Henderson</a>, who had replaced Holland in 1970, the album demonstrated that Davis's ensemble had transformed into a funk-oriented group while retaining the exploratory imperative of Bitches Brew. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miles_Davis-140916-0018-105WPa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Miles_Davis-140916-0018-105WPa.jpg/220px-Miles_Davis-140916-0018-105WPa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Miles_Davis-140916-0018-105WPa.jpg/330px-Miles_Davis-140916-0018-105WPa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Miles_Davis-140916-0018-105WPa.jpg/440px-Miles_Davis-140916-0018-105WPa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="875" data-file-height="534" /></a><figcaption>Davis's septet in November 1971; left to right: <a href="/wiki/Gary_Bartz" title="Gary Bartz">Gary Bartz</a>, Davis, <a href="/wiki/Keith_Jarrett" title="Keith Jarrett">Keith Jarrett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Henderson" title="Michael Henderson">Michael Henderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leon_%22Ndugu%22_Chancler" title="Leon "Ndugu" Chancler">Leon "Ndugu" Chancler</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Mtume" title="James Mtume">James Mtume</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Don_Alias" title="Don Alias">Don Alias</a></figcaption></figure> In 1972, composer-arranger <a href="/wiki/Paul_Buckmaster" title="Paul Buckmaster">Paul Buckmaster</a> introduced Davis to the music of avant-garde composer <a href="/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen">Karlheinz Stockhausen</a>, leading to a period of creative exploration. Biographer J. K. Chambers wrote, "The effect of Davis' study of Stockhausen could not be repressed for long ... Davis' own 'space music' shows Stockhausen's influence compositionally."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChambers1998246-127">[126]</a> His recordings and performances during this period were described as "space music" by fans, Feather, and Buckmaster, who described it as "a lot of mood changes—heavy, dark, intense—definitely space music".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarr1998-128">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> The studio album <a href="/wiki/On_the_Corner" title="On the Corner">On the Corner</a> (1972) blended the influence of Stockhausen and Buckmaster with funk elements. Davis invited Buckmaster to New York City to oversee the writing and recording of the album with Macero.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton200572–73-130">[129]</a> The album reached No. 1 on the Billboard jazz chart but peaked at No. 156 on the more heterogeneous Top 200 Albums chart. Davis felt that Columbia marketed it to the wrong audience. "The music was meant to be heard by young black people, but they just treated it like any other jazz album and advertised it that way, pushed it on the jazz radio stations. Young black kids don't listen to those stations; they listen to R&B stations and some rock stations."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989328-131">[130]</a> In October 1972, he broke his ankles in a car crash. He took painkillers and cocaine to cope with the pain.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECole200528-132">[131]</a> Looking back at his career after the incident, he wrote, "Everything started to blur."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''2007154-133">[132]</a> After recording On the Corner, he assembled a group with Henderson, Mtume, <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Garnett" title="Carlos Garnett">Carlos Garnett</a>, guitarist <a href="/wiki/Reggie_Lucas" title="Reggie Lucas">Reggie Lucas</a>, organist <a href="/wiki/Lonnie_Liston_Smith" title="Lonnie Liston Smith">Lonnie Liston Smith</a>, tabla player <a href="/wiki/Badal_Roy" title="Badal Roy">Badal Roy</a>, sitarist <a href="/wiki/Khalil_Balakrishna" title="Khalil Balakrishna">Khalil Balakrishna</a>, and drummer <a href="/wiki/Al_Foster" title="Al Foster">Al Foster</a>. In striking contrast to that of his previous lineups, the music emphasized rhythmic density and shifting textures instead of solos. This group was recorded live in 1972 for <a href="/wiki/In_Concert_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="In Concert (Miles Davis album)">In Concert</a>, but Davis found it unsatisfactory, leading him to drop the tabla and sitar and play organ himself. He also added guitarist <a href="/wiki/Pete_Cosey" title="Pete Cosey">Pete Cosey</a>. The compilation studio album <a href="/wiki/Big_Fun_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Big Fun (Miles Davis album)">Big Fun</a> contains four long improvisations recorded between 1969 and 1972. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; border-width: 1px; font-size: 89%;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> This was music that polarized audiences, provoking boos and walk-outs amid the ecstasy of others. The length, density, and unforgiving nature of it mocked those who said that Miles was interested only in being trendy and popular. Some have heard in this music the feel and shape of a musician's late work, an egoless music that precedes its creator's death. As <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Adorno" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodor Adorno">Theodor Adorno</a> said of the late <a href="/wiki/Beethoven" class="mw-redirect" title="Beethoven">Beethoven</a>, the disappearance of the musician into the work is a bow to mortality. It was as if Miles were testifying to all that he had been witness to for the past thirty years, both terrifying and joyful. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">— <a href="/wiki/John_Szwed" title="John Szwed">John Szwed</a> on <a href="/wiki/Agharta_(album)" title="Agharta (album)">Agharta</a> (1975) and <a href="/wiki/Pangaea_(album)" title="Pangaea (album)">Pangaea</a> (1976)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESzwed2004343-134">[133]</a></cite> </div> Studio sessions throughout 1973 and 1974 led to <a href="/wiki/Get_Up_with_It" title="Get Up with It">Get Up with It</a>, an album which included four long pieces alongside four shorter recordings from 1970 and 1972. The track "He Loved Him Madly", a thirty-minute tribute to the recently deceased Duke Ellington, influenced <a href="/wiki/Brian_Eno" title="Brian Eno">Brian Eno</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ambient_music" title="Ambient music">ambient music</a>.<a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a> In the United States, it performed comparably to On the Corner, reaching number 8 on the jazz chart and number 141 on the pop chart. He then concentrated on live performance with a series of concerts that Columbia released on the double live albums <a href="/wiki/Agharta_(album)" title="Agharta (album)">Agharta</a> (1975), <a href="/wiki/Pangaea_(album)" title="Pangaea (album)">Pangaea</a> (1976), and <a href="/wiki/Dark_Magus" title="Dark Magus">Dark Magus</a> (1977). The first two are recordings of two sets from February 1, 1975, in Osaka, by which time Davis was troubled by several physical ailments; he relied on alcohol, codeine, and morphine to get through the engagements. His shows were routinely panned by critics who mentioned his habit of performing with his back to the audience.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''2007177-136">[135]</a> Cosey later asserted that "the band really advanced after the Japanese tour",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETingen2001167-137">[136]</a> but Davis was again hospitalized, for his ulcers and a hernia, during a tour of the US while opening for Herbie Hancock. After appearances at the 1975 Newport Jazz Festival in July and the <a href="/wiki/Schaefer_Music_Festival" title="Schaefer Music Festival">Schaefer Music Festival</a> in New York in September, Davis dropped out of music.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Complete_Illustrated_History2007177-138">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1975–1980:_Hiatus">1975–1980: Hiatus</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Miles_Davis&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 1975–1980: Hiatus">edit</a>]</div> In his autobiography, Davis wrote frankly about his life during his hiatus from music. He called his <a href="/wiki/Upper_West_Side" title="Upper West Side">Upper West Side</a> brownstone a wreck and chronicled his heavy use of alcohol and cocaine, in addition to sexual encounters with many women.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarr1998330-140">[139]</a> He also stated that "Sex and drugs took the place music had occupied in my life." Drummer Tony Williams recalled that by noon (on average) Davis would be sick from the previous night's intake.<a href="#cite_note-:11-141">[140]</a> In December 1975, he had regained enough strength to undergo a much needed hip replacement operation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton200576-142">[141]</a> In December 1976, Columbia was reluctant to renew his contract and pay his usual large advances. But after his lawyer started negotiating with <a href="/wiki/United_Artists_Records" title="United Artists Records">United Artists</a>, Columbia matched their offer, establishing the Miles Davis Fund to pay him regularly. Pianist <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Horowitz" title="Vladimir Horowitz">Vladimir Horowitz</a> was the only other musician with Columbia who had a similar status.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarr1998329-143">[142]</a> In 1978, Davis asked fusion guitarist <a href="/wiki/Larry_Coryell" title="Larry Coryell">Larry Coryell</a> to participate in sessions with keyboardists <a href="/wiki/Masabumi_Kikuchi" title="Masabumi Kikuchi">Masabumi Kikuchi</a> and George Pavlis, bassist <a href="/wiki/T._M._Stevens" title="T. M. Stevens">T. M. Stevens</a>, and drummer <a href="/wiki/Al_Foster" title="Al Foster">Al Foster</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECole200536-144">[143]</a> Davis played the arranged piece uptempo, abandoned his trumpet for the organ, and had Macero record the session without the band's knowledge. After Coryell declined a spot in a band that Davis was beginning to put together, Davis returned to his reclusive lifestyle in New York City.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESzwed2004347-145">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton200577,_78-146">[145]</a> Soon after, Marguerite Eskridge had Davis jailed for failing to pay child support for their son Erin, which cost him $10,000 (equivalent to $46,710 in 2023<a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-34">[34]</a>) for release on bail.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECole200536-144">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton200576-142">[141]</a> A recording session that involved Buckmaster and Gil Evans was halted,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECole200538-147">[146]</a> with Evans leaving after failing to receive the payment he was promised. In August 1978, Davis hired a new manager, Mark Rothbaum, who had worked with him since 1972.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESzwed2004358-148">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1980–1985:_Comeback">1980–1985: Comeback</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Miles_Davis&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 1980–1985: Comeback">edit</a>]</div> Having played the trumpet little throughout the previous three years, Davis found it difficult to reclaim his <a href="/wiki/Embouchure" title="Embouchure">embouchure</a>. His first post-hiatus studio appearance took place in May 1980.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton200579-149">[148]</a> A day later, Davis was hospitalized due to a leg infection.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarr1998349-150">[149]</a> He recorded <a href="/wiki/The_Man_with_the_Horn" title="The Man with the Horn">The Man with the Horn</a> from June 1980 to May 1981 with Macero producing. A large band was abandoned in favor of a combo with saxophonist <a href="/wiki/Bill_Evans_(saxophonist)" title="Bill Evans (saxophonist)">Bill Evans</a> and bassist <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Miller" title="Marcus Miller">Marcus Miller</a>. Both would collaborate with him during the next decade. The Man with the Horn received a poor critical reception despite selling well. In June 1981, Davis returned to the stage for the first time since 1975 in a ten-minute guest solo as part of <a href="/wiki/Mel_Lewis" title="Mel Lewis">Mel Lewis</a>'s band at the <a href="/wiki/Village_Vanguard" title="Village Vanguard">Village Vanguard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECole200592-151">[150]</a> This was followed by appearances with a new band.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarr1998363-152">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton200577-153">[152]</a> Recordings from a mixture of dates from 1981, including from the Kix in Boston and Avery Fisher Hall, were released on <a href="/wiki/We_Want_Miles" title="We Want Miles">We Want Miles</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton200578-154">[153]</a> which earned him a Grammy Award for Best Jazz Instrumental Performance by a Soloist.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''2007180-155">[154]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miles_Davis_23.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Miles_Davis_23.jpg/170px-Miles_Davis_23.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Miles_Davis_23.jpg/255px-Miles_Davis_23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Miles_Davis_23.jpg/340px-Miles_Davis_23.jpg 2x" data-file-width="884" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Davis performing in 1985</figcaption></figure> In January 1982, while Tyson was working in Africa, Davis "went a little wild" with alcohol and suffered a stroke that temporarily paralyzed his right hand.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989348–350-156">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly2001222-157">[156]</a> Tyson returned home and cared for him. After three months of treatment with a Chinese acupuncturist, he was able to play the trumpet again. He listened to his doctor's warnings and gave up alcohol and drugs. He credited Tyson with helping his recovery, which involved exercise, piano playing, and visits to spas. She encouraged him to draw, which he pursued for the rest of his life.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989348–350-156">[155]</a> <a href="/wiki/Takao_Ogawa" title="Takao Ogawa">Takao Ogawa</a>, a Japanese jazz journalist who befriended Davis during this period, took pictures of his drawings and put them in his book along with the interviews of Davis at his apartment in New York. Davis told Ogawa: "I'm interested in line and color, line is like phrase and coating colors is like code. When I see good paintings, I hear good music. That is why my paintings are the same as my music. They are different than any paintings."<a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a> Davis resumed touring in May 1982 with a lineup that included percussionist <a href="/wiki/Mino_Cinelu" class="mw-redirect" title="Mino Cinelu">Mino Cinelu</a> and guitarist <a href="/wiki/John_Scofield" title="John Scofield">John Scofield</a>, with whom he worked closely on the album <a href="/wiki/Star_People" title="Star People">Star People</a> (1983). In mid-1983, he worked on the tracks for <a href="/wiki/Decoy_(album)" title="Decoy (album)">Decoy</a>, an album mixing soul music and <a href="/wiki/Electronica" title="Electronica">electronica</a> that was released in 1984. He brought in producer, composer, and keyboardist <a href="/wiki/Robert_Irving_III" title="Robert Irving III">Robert Irving III</a>, who had collaborated with him on The Man with the Horn. With a seven-piece band that included Scofield, Evans, Irving, Foster, and <a href="/wiki/Darryl_Jones" title="Darryl Jones">Darryl Jones</a>, he played a series of European performances that were positively received. In December 1984, while in Denmark, he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9onie_Sonning_Music_Prize" title="Léonie Sonning Music Prize">Léonie Sonning Music Prize</a>. Trumpeter <a href="/wiki/Palle_Mikkelborg" title="Palle Mikkelborg">Palle Mikkelborg</a> had written "Aura", a contemporary classical piece, for the event which impressed Davis to the point of returning to Denmark in early 1985 to record his next studio album, <a href="/wiki/Aura_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Aura (Miles Davis album)">Aura</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''2007183-159">[158]</a> Columbia was dissatisfied with the recording and delayed its release. In May 1985, one month into a tour, Davis signed a contract with <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Bros. Records">Warner Bros.</a> that required him to give up his publishing rights.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECole2005352-160">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''2007194-161">[160]</a> <a href="/wiki/You%27re_Under_Arrest_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="You're Under Arrest (Miles Davis album)">You're Under Arrest</a>, his final album for Columbia, was released in September. It included cover versions of two pop songs: "<a href="/wiki/Time_After_Time_(Cyndi_Lauper_song)" title="Time After Time (Cyndi Lauper song)">Time After Time</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Cyndi_Lauper" title="Cyndi Lauper">Cyndi Lauper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Human_Nature_(Michael_Jackson_song)" title="Human Nature (Michael Jackson song)">Human Nature</a>". He considered releasing an album of pop songs, and he recorded dozens of them, but the idea was rejected. He said that many of today's jazz standards had been pop songs in <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadway theater">Broadway theater</a> and that he was simply updating the standards repertoire. Davis collaborated with a number of figures from the British post-punk and new wave movements during this period, including <a href="/wiki/Scritti_Politti" title="Scritti Politti">Scritti Politti</a>.<a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a> This period also saw Davis move from his funk inspired sound of the early 1970s to a more melodic style.<a href="#cite_note-:12-35">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1986–1991:_Final_years">1986–1991: Final years</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Miles_Davis&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 1986–1991: Final years">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miles_Davis_Strasbourg_face_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Miles_Davis_Strasbourg_face_2.jpg/170px-Miles_Davis_Strasbourg_face_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Miles_Davis_Strasbourg_face_2.jpg/255px-Miles_Davis_Strasbourg_face_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Miles_Davis_Strasbourg_face_2.jpg/340px-Miles_Davis_Strasbourg_face_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1074" data-file-height="1633" /></a><figcaption>Davis performing in <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>, 1987</figcaption></figure> After taking part in the recording of the 1985 protest song "<a href="/wiki/Sun_City_(song)" title="Sun City (song)">Sun City</a>" as a member of <a href="/wiki/Artists_United_Against_Apartheid" title="Artists United Against Apartheid">Artists United Against Apartheid</a>, Davis appeared on the instrumental "Don't Stop Me Now" by <a href="/wiki/Toto_(band)" title="Toto (band)">Toto</a> for their album <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit_(Toto_album)" title="Fahrenheit (Toto album)">Fahrenheit</a> (1986). Davis collaborated with <a href="/wiki/Prince_(artist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince (artist)">Prince</a> on a song titled "Can I Play With U," which went unreleased until 2020.<a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a> Davis also collaborated with Zane Giles and <a href="/wiki/Randy_Hall" title="Randy Hall">Randy Hall</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Rubberband_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Rubberband (Miles Davis album)">Rubberband</a> sessions in 1985 but those would remain unreleased until 2019.<a href="#cite_note-announce-164">[163]</a> Instead, he worked with Marcus Miller, and <a href="/wiki/Tutu_(album)" title="Tutu (album)">Tutu</a> (1986) became the first time he used modern studio tools such as programmed synthesizers, <a href="/wiki/Sampling_(music)" title="Sampling (music)">sampling</a>, and drum loops. Released in September 1986, its front cover is a photographic portrait of Davis by <a href="/wiki/Irving_Penn" title="Irving Penn">Irving Penn</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''2007194-161">[160]</a> In 1987, he won a Grammy Award for <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Improvised_Jazz_Solo" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award for Best Improvised Jazz Solo">Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Soloist</a>. Also in 1987, Davis contacted American journalist <a href="/wiki/Quincy_Troupe" title="Quincy Troupe">Quincy Troupe</a> to work with him on his autobiography.<a href="#cite_note-:8-165">[164]</a> The two men had met the previous year when Troupe conducted a two-day-long interview, which was published by <a href="/wiki/Spin_(magazine)" title="Spin (magazine)">Spin</a> as a 45-page article.<a href="#cite_note-:8-165">[164]</a> In 1988, Davis had a small part as a street musician in the Christmas comedy film <a href="/wiki/Scrooged" title="Scrooged">Scrooged</a> starring <a href="/wiki/Bill_Murray" title="Bill Murray">Bill Murray</a>. He also collaborated with <a href="/wiki/Zucchero_Fornaciari" title="Zucchero Fornaciari">Zucchero Fornaciari</a> in a version of Dune Mosse (<a href="/wiki/Blue%27s" title="Blue's">Blue's</a>), published in 2004 in <a href="/wiki/Zu_%26_Co." title="Zu & Co.">Zu & Co.</a> of the Italian bluesman. In November 1988 he was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a> at a ceremony at the <a href="/wiki/Alhambra_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Alhambra Palace">Alhambra Palace</a> in Spain<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETroupe2002388-166">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarr1998496-167">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGelbard201273–74-168">[167]</a> (this was part of the reasoning for his daughter's decision to include the honorific "Sir" on his <a href="/wiki/Headstone" class="mw-redirect" title="Headstone">headstone</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlsen2006-169">[168]</a> Later that month, Davis cut his European tour short after he collapsed and fainted after a two-hour show in Madrid and flew home.<a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a> There were rumors of more poor health reported by the American magazine Star in its February 21, 1989, edition, which published a claim that Davis had contracted AIDS, prompting his manager Peter Shukat to issue a statement the following day. Shukat said Davis had been in the hospital for a mild case of pneumonia and the removal of a benign polyp on his vocal cords and was resting comfortably in preparation for his 1989 tours.<a href="#cite_note-latimes1989-171">[170]</a> Davis later blamed one of his former wives or girlfriends for starting the rumor and decided against taking legal action.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETingen2001263-172">[171]</a> He was interviewed on <a href="/wiki/60_Minutes" title="60 Minutes">60 Minutes</a> by Harry Reasoner. In October 1989, he received a Grande Medaille de Vermeil from Paris mayor <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Jacques Chirac</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChambers1998Introduction,_xv-173">[172]</a> In 1990, he received a <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award">Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECole2005443-174">[173]</a> In early 1991, he appeared in the <a href="/wiki/Rolf_de_Heer" title="Rolf de Heer">Rolf de Heer</a> film <a href="/wiki/Dingo_(film)" title="Dingo (film)">Dingo</a> as a jazz musician. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miles_Davis_22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Miles_Davis_22.jpg/220px-Miles_Davis_22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Miles_Davis_22.jpg/330px-Miles_Davis_22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Miles_Davis_22.jpg/440px-Miles_Davis_22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="4192" /></a><figcaption>Davis at the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea_Jazz_Festival" title="North Sea Jazz Festival">North Sea Jazz Festival</a>, 1991</figcaption></figure> Davis followed Tutu with <a href="/wiki/Amandla_(album)" title="Amandla (album)">Amandla</a> (1989) and soundtracks to four films: <a href="/wiki/Street_Smart_(1987_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Street Smart (1987 film)">Street Smart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siesta_(film)" title="Siesta (film)">Siesta</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Hot_Spot" title="The Hot Spot">The Hot Spot</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dingo_(soundtrack)" title="Dingo (soundtrack)">Dingo</a>. His last albums were released posthumously: the hip hop-influenced <a href="/wiki/Doo-Bop" title="Doo-Bop">Doo-Bop</a> (1992) and <a href="/wiki/Miles_%26_Quincy_Live_at_Montreux" title="Miles & Quincy Live at Montreux">Miles & Quincy Live at Montreux</a> (1993), a collaboration with Quincy Jones from the 1991 <a href="/wiki/Montreux_Jazz_Festival" title="Montreux Jazz Festival">Montreux Jazz Festival</a> where, for the first time in three decades, he performed songs from Miles Ahead, Porgy and Bess, and Sketches of Spain.<a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a> On July 8, 1991, Davis returned to performing material from his past at the 1991 Montreux Jazz Festival with a band and orchestra conducted by Quincy Jones.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''2007200-176">[175]</a> The set consisted of arrangements from his albums recorded with Gil Evans.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECole2005404-177">[176]</a> The show was followed by a concert billed as "Miles and Friends" at the <a href="/wiki/Grande_halle_de_la_Villette" title="Grande halle de la Villette">Grande halle de la Villette</a> in Paris two days later, with guest performances by musicians from throughout his career, including John McLaughlin, Herbie Hancock, and Joe Zawinul.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECole2005404-177">[176]</a> In Paris he was awarded a knighthood, the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Chevalier of the Legion of Honour</a> by French Culture Minister, Jack Lang, who called him "the Picasso of Jazz."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECole2005443-174">[173]</a> After returning to America, he stopped in New York City to record material for Doo-Bop and then returned to California to play at the Hollywood Bowl on August 25, his final live performance.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''2007200-176">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECole2005408-178">[177]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Miles_Davis&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> In 1957,<a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a> Davis began a relationship with <a href="/wiki/Frances_Taylor_Davis" title="Frances Taylor Davis">Frances Taylor</a>, a dancer he had met in 1953 at <a href="/wiki/Ciro%27s" title="Ciro's">Ciro's</a> in Los Angeles.<a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989227-181">[180]</a> They married in December 1959 in <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo, Ohio</a>.<a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a> The relationship was marred by numerous incidents of <a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence" title="Domestic violence">domestic violence</a> against Taylor. He later wrote, "Every time I hit her, I felt bad because a lot of it really wasn't her fault but had to do with me being temperamental and jealous."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989228-183">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989290-184">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[184]</a> One theory for his behavior was that in 1963 he had increased his use of alcohol and cocaine to alleviate joint pain caused by <a href="/wiki/Sickle_cell_disease" title="Sickle cell disease">sickle cell anemia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989267-186">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Complete_Illustrated_History2007109-187">[186]</a> He hallucinated, "looking for this imaginary person" in his house while wielding a kitchen knife. Soon after the photograph for the album <a href="/wiki/E.S.P._(Miles_Davis_album)" title="E.S.P. (Miles Davis album)">E.S.P.</a> (1965) was taken, Taylor left him for the final time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989281–282-188">[187]</a> She filed for divorce in 1966; it was finalized in February 1968.<a href="#cite_note-189">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESzwed2004268-190">[189]</a> In September 1968, Davis married 23-year-old model and songwriter <a href="/wiki/Betty_Davis" title="Betty Davis">Betty Mabry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a> In his autobiography, Davis described her as a "high-class groupie, who was very talented but who didn't believe in her own talent".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989-192">[191]</a> Mabry, a familiar face in the New York City counterculture, introduced Davis to popular rock, soul, and funk musicians.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''2007143-193">[192]</a> Jazz critic <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Feather" title="Leonard Feather">Leonard Feather</a> visited Davis's apartment and was shocked to find him listening to albums by <a href="/wiki/The_Byrds" title="The Byrds">the Byrds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dionne_Warwick" title="Dionne Warwick">Dionne Warwick</a>. He also liked <a href="/wiki/James_Brown" title="James Brown">James Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sly_and_the_Family_Stone" title="Sly and the Family Stone">Sly and the Family Stone</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix" title="Jimi Hendrix">Jimi Hendrix</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''2007145-194">[193]</a> whose group <a href="/wiki/Band_of_Gypsys" title="Band of Gypsys">Band of Gypsys</a> particularly impressed Davis.<a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a> Davis filed for divorce from Mabry in 1969, after accusing her of having an affair with Hendrix.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989-192">[191]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miles_Davis_and_Cicely_Tyson_1982.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Miles_Davis_and_Cicely_Tyson_1982.jpg/220px-Miles_Davis_and_Cicely_Tyson_1982.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Miles_Davis_and_Cicely_Tyson_1982.jpg/330px-Miles_Davis_and_Cicely_Tyson_1982.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Miles_Davis_and_Cicely_Tyson_1982.jpg/440px-Miles_Davis_and_Cicely_Tyson_1982.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3060" data-file-height="2288" /></a><figcaption>Davis and Cicely Tyson in 1982</figcaption></figure> In October 1969, Davis was shot at five times while in his car with Marguerite Eskridge, one of his two lovers. The incident left him with a graze and Eskridge unharmed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''2007150-121">[120]</a> In 1970, Marguerite gave birth to their son Erin. By 1979, Davis rekindled his relationship with actress <a href="/wiki/Cicely_Tyson" title="Cicely Tyson">Cicely Tyson</a>, who helped him to overcome his cocaine addiction and regain his enthusiasm for music. The two married in November 1981,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989348-196">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Complete_Illustrated_History2007180-197">[196]</a> but their tumultuous marriage ended with Tyson filing for divorce in 1988, which was finalized in 1989.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989390–391-198">[197]</a> In 1984, Davis met 34-year-old sculptor Jo Gelbard.<a href="#cite_note-:9-199">[198]</a> Gelbard would teach Davis how to paint; the two were frequent collaborators and were soon romantically involved.<a href="#cite_note-:9-199">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-165">[164]</a> By 1985, Davis was diabetic and required daily injections of insulin.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989363–64-200">[199]</a> Davis became increasingly aggressive in his final year due in part to the medication he was taking,<a href="#cite_note-:9-199">[198]</a> and his aggression manifested as violence towards Gelbard.<a href="#cite_note-:9-199">[198]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Miles_Davis&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Death">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Miles_Davis_Gravesite.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Sir_Miles_Davis_Gravesite.JPG/220px-Sir_Miles_Davis_Gravesite.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Sir_Miles_Davis_Gravesite.JPG/330px-Sir_Miles_Davis_Gravesite.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Sir_Miles_Davis_Gravesite.JPG/440px-Sir_Miles_Davis_Gravesite.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>Davis's grave in <a href="/wiki/Woodlawn_Cemetery_(Bronx,_New_York)" title="Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York)">Woodlawn Cemetery</a>, with headstone inscribed with the beginning notes of one of his compositions, "<a href="/wiki/Solar_(composition)" title="Solar (composition)">Solar</a>"<a href="#cite_note-201">[200]</a></figcaption></figure> In early September 1991, Davis checked into <a href="/wiki/Saint_John%27s_Health_Center" title="Saint John's Health Center">St. John's Hospital</a> near his home in Santa Monica, California, for routine tests.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton2005149-202">[201]</a> Doctors suggested he have a <a href="/wiki/Tracheal_tube" title="Tracheal tube">tracheal tube</a> implanted to relieve his breathing after repeated bouts of <a href="/wiki/Bronchial_pneumonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronchial pneumonia">bronchial pneumonia</a>. The suggestion provoked an outburst from Davis that led to an <a href="/wiki/Intracerebral_hemorrhage" title="Intracerebral hemorrhage">intracerebral hemorrhage</a> followed by a coma. According to Jo Gelbard, on September 26, Davis painted his final painting, composed of dark, ghostly figures, dripping blood and "his imminent demise."<a href="#cite_note-:11-141">[140]</a> After several days on life support, his machine was turned off and he died on September 28, 1991, in the arms of Gelbard.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton2005150-203">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-165">[164]</a> He was 65 years old. His death was attributed to the combined effects of a stroke, pneumonia, and respiratory failure.<a href="#cite_note-Miles_Davis-11">[11]</a> According to Troupe, Davis was taking <a href="/wiki/Zidovudine" title="Zidovudine">azidothymidine</a> (AZT), a type of <a href="/wiki/Antiretroviral_drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiretroviral drug">antiretroviral drug</a> used for the treatment of HIV and AIDS, during his treatments in the hospital.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESzwed2004393-204">[203]</a> A funeral service was held on October 5, 1991, at <a href="/wiki/Citigroup_Center#St._Peter's_Lutheran_Church" title="Citigroup Center">St. Peter's Lutheran Church</a> on <a href="/wiki/Lexington_Avenue" title="Lexington Avenue">Lexington Avenue</a> in New York City<a href="#cite_note-205">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[205]</a> that was attended by around 500 friends, family members, and musical acquaintances, with many fans standing in the rain.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECole2005409-207">[206]</a> He was buried in <a href="/wiki/Woodlawn_Cemetery_(Bronx,_New_York)" title="Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York)">Woodlawn Cemetery</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">the Bronx</a>, New York City, with one of his trumpets, near the site of <a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington" title="Duke Ellington">Duke Ellington</a>'s grave.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisSussman2006-208">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECole2005409-207">[206]</a> At the time of his death, Davis's estate was valued at more than $1 million (equivalent to roughly $2.2 million in 2023<a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-34">[34]</a>). In his will, Davis left 20 percent to his daughter Cheryl Davis; 40 percent to his son Erin Davis; 10 percent to his nephew Vincent Wilburn Jr. and 15 percent each to his brother Vernon Davis and his sister Dorothy Wilburn. He excluded his two sons Gregory and Miles IV.<a href="#cite_note-209">[208]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Views_on_his_earlier_work">Views on his earlier work</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Miles_Davis&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Views on his earlier work">edit</a>]</div> Late in his life, from the "electric period" onwards, Davis repeatedly explained his reasons for not wishing to perform his earlier works, such as <a href="/wiki/Birth_of_the_Cool" title="Birth of the Cool">Birth of the Cool</a> or <a href="/wiki/Kind_of_Blue" title="Kind of Blue">Kind of Blue</a>. In his view, remaining stylistically static was the wrong option.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisSultanof20022–3-210">[209]</a> He commented: "'So What' or Kind of Blue, they were done in that era, the right hour, the right day, and it happened. It's over ... What I used to play with Bill Evans, all those different modes, and substitute chords, we had the energy then and we liked it. But I have no feel for it anymore, it's more like warmed-over turkey."<a href="#cite_note-Bill-211">[210]</a> When <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Horn" title="Shirley Horn">Shirley Horn</a> insisted in 1990 that Miles reconsider playing the ballads and modal tunes of his Kind of Blue period, he said: "Nah, it hurts my lip."<a href="#cite_note-Bill-211">[210]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Evans" title="Bill Evans">Bill Evans</a>, who played piano on Kind of Blue, said: "I would like to hear more of the consummate melodic master, but I feel that big business and his record company have had a corrupting influence on his material. The rock and pop thing certainly draws a wider audience."<a href="#cite_note-Bill-211">[210]</a> Throughout his later career, Davis declined offers to reinstate his 1960s quintet.<a href="#cite_note-:11-141">[140]</a> Many books and documentaries focus on his work before 1975.<a href="#cite_note-:11-141">[140]</a> According to an article by <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>, from 1975 onwards a decline in critical praise for Davis's output began to form, with many viewing the era as "worthless": "There is a surprisingly widespread view that, in terms of the merits of his musical output, Davis might as well have died in 1975."<a href="#cite_note-:11-141">[140]</a> In a 1982 interview in <a href="/wiki/DownBeat" title="DownBeat">DownBeat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wynton_Marsalis" title="Wynton Marsalis">Wynton Marsalis</a> said: "They call Miles's stuff jazz. That stuff is not jazz, man. Just because somebody played jazz at one time, that doesn't mean they're still playing it."<a href="#cite_note-:11-141">[140]</a> Despite his contempt for Davis' later work, Marsalis' work is "laden with ironic references to Davis' music of the '60s".<a href="#cite_note-:12-35">[35]</a> Davis did not necessarily disagree; lambasting what he saw as Marsalis's stylistic conservatism, Davis said "Jazz is dead ... it's finito! It's over and there's no point apeing the shit."<a href="#cite_note-gilroy1993-212">[211]</a> Writer <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Crouch" title="Stanley Crouch">Stanley Crouch</a> criticized Davis's work from In a Silent Way onwards.<a href="#cite_note-:11-141">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_and_influence">Legacy and influence</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Miles_Davis&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Legacy and influence">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pomnik_Milesa_Davisa_Kielce_01_ssj_20060304.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Pomnik_Milesa_Davisa_Kielce_01_ssj_20060304.jpg/170px-Pomnik_Milesa_Davisa_Kielce_01_ssj_20060304.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Pomnik_Milesa_Davisa_Kielce_01_ssj_20060304.jpg/255px-Pomnik_Milesa_Davisa_Kielce_01_ssj_20060304.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Pomnik_Milesa_Davisa_Kielce_01_ssj_20060304.jpg/340px-Pomnik_Milesa_Davisa_Kielce_01_ssj_20060304.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_Monument" title="Miles Davis Monument">Miles Davis Monument</a>, unveiled in 2001, by Grzegorz Łagowski, in <a href="/wiki/Kielce" title="Kielce">Kielce</a>, Poland</figcaption></figure> Miles Davis is considered one of the most innovative, influential, and respected figures in the history of music. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> described him as "a pioneer of 20th-century music, leading many of the key developments in the world of jazz."<a href="#cite_note-guardian-213">[212]</a> He has been called "one of the great innovators in jazz",<a href="#cite_note-214">[213]</a> and had the titles Prince of Darkness and the Picasso of Jazz bestowed upon him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''20078-215">[214]</a> The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll said, "Miles Davis played a crucial and inevitably controversial role in every major development in jazz since the mid-'40s, and no other jazz musician has had so profound an effect on rock. Miles Davis was the most widely recognized jazz musician of his era, an outspoken social critic and an arbiter of style—in attitude and fashion—as well as music."<a href="#cite_note-216">[215]</a> William Ruhlmann of <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a> wrote, "To examine his career is to examine the history of jazz from the mid-1940s to the early 1990s, since he was in the thick of almost every important innovation and stylistic development in the music during that period ... It can even be argued that jazz stopped evolving when Davis wasn't there to push it forward."<a href="#cite_note-allmusic-1">[1]</a> Francis Davis of <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a> noted that Davis's career can be seen as "an ongoing critique of bebop: the origins of 'cool' jazz..., hard bop, or 'funky'..., modal improvisation..., and jazz-rock fusion... can be traced to his efforts to tear bebop down to its essentials."<a href="#cite_note-:7-217">[216]</a> His approach, owing largely to the African-American performance tradition that focused on individual expression, emphatic interaction, and creative response to shifting contents, had a profound impact on generations of jazz musicians.<a href="#cite_note-possible-218">[217]</a> In 2016, digital publication <a href="/wiki/The_Pudding" title="The Pudding">The Pudding</a>, in an article examining Davis's legacy, found that 2,452 Wikipedia pages mention Davis, with over 286 citing him as an influence.<a href="#cite_note-219">[218]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miles_Davis_Way,_NYC_IMG_5819.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Miles_Davis_Way%2C_NYC_IMG_5819.JPG/220px-Miles_Davis_Way%2C_NYC_IMG_5819.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Miles_Davis_Way%2C_NYC_IMG_5819.JPG/330px-Miles_Davis_Way%2C_NYC_IMG_5819.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Miles_Davis_Way%2C_NYC_IMG_5819.JPG/440px-Miles_Davis_Way%2C_NYC_IMG_5819.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4178" data-file-height="2700" /></a><figcaption>The westernmost part of 77th Street in New York City has been named Miles Davis Way. He once lived on the block.</figcaption></figure> On November 5, 2009, U.S. Representative <a href="/wiki/John_Conyers" title="John Conyers">John Conyers</a> of Michigan sponsored a measure in the United States House of Representatives to commemorate Kind of Blue on its 50th anniversary. The measure also affirms jazz as a national treasure and "encourages the United States government to preserve and advance the art form of jazz music".<a href="#cite_note-220">[219]</a> It passed with a vote of 409–0 on December 15, 2009.<a href="#cite_note-221">[220]</a> The trumpet Davis used on the recording is displayed on the campus of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina" title="University of North Carolina">University of North Carolina</a> at <a href="/wiki/Greensboro" class="mw-redirect" title="Greensboro">Greensboro</a>. It was donated to the school by Arthur "Buddy" Gist, who met Davis in 1949 and became a close friend. The gift was the reason why the jazz program at UNCG is named the Miles Davis Jazz Studies Program.<a href="#cite_note-222">[221]</a> In 1986, the <a href="/wiki/New_England_Conservatory" class="mw-redirect" title="New England Conservatory">New England Conservatory</a> awarded Davis an honorary doctorate for his contributions to music.<a href="#cite_note-223">[222]</a> Since 1960 the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences (<a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Recording_Arts_and_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences">NARAS</a>) honored him with eight Grammy Awards, a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, and three Grammy Hall of Fame Awards. In 2001, The Miles Davis Story, a two-hour documentary film by <a href="/wiki/Mike_Dibb" title="Mike Dibb">Mike Dibb</a>, won an <a href="/wiki/International_Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="International Emmy Award">International Emmy Award</a> for arts documentary of the year.<a href="#cite_note-Deans-224">[223]</a> Since 2005, the Miles Davis Jazz Committee has held an annual Miles Davis Jazz Festival.<a href="#cite_note-:2-225">[224]</a> Also in 2005, the Davis biography, <a href="/wiki/The_Last_Miles" title="The Last Miles">The Last Miles</a> was published,<a href="#cite_note-226">[225]</a> and a London exhibition was held of his paintings, The Last Miles: The Music of Miles Davis, 1980–1991' was released detailing his final years and eight of his albums from the 1960s and 1970s were reissued in celebration of the 50th anniversary of his signing to Columbia Records.<a href="#cite_note-:11-141">[140]</a> In 2006, Davis was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.<a href="#cite_note-Rolling_Stone_Stamp-227">[226]</a> In 2012, the U.S. Postal Service issued commemorative stamps featuring Davis.<a href="#cite_note-Rolling_Stone_Stamp-227">[226]</a> <a href="/wiki/Miles_Ahead_(film)" title="Miles Ahead (film)">Miles Ahead</a> was a 2015 American music film directed by <a href="/wiki/Don_Cheadle" title="Don Cheadle">Don Cheadle</a>, co-written by Cheadle with <a href="/wiki/Steven_Baigelman" title="Steven Baigelman">Steven Baigelman</a>, Stephen J. Rivele, and <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Wilkinson" title="Christopher Wilkinson">Christopher Wilkinson</a>, which interprets the life and compositions of Davis. It premiered at the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Film_Festival" title="New York Film Festival">New York Film Festival</a> in October 2015. The film stars Cheadle, <a href="/wiki/Emayatzy_Corinealdi" title="Emayatzy Corinealdi">Emayatzy Corinealdi</a> as Frances Taylor, <a href="/wiki/Ewan_McGregor" title="Ewan McGregor">Ewan McGregor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Stuhlbarg" title="Michael Stuhlbarg">Michael Stuhlbarg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lakeith_Stanfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakeith Stanfield">Lakeith Stanfield</a>.<a href="#cite_note-228">[227]</a> That same year a statue of him was erected in his home city, <a href="/wiki/Alton,_Illinois" title="Alton, Illinois">Alton, Illinois</a> and listeners of BBC Radio and Jazz FM voted Davis the greatest jazz musician.<a href="#cite_note-229">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-225">[224]</a> Publications such as <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> have also ranked Davis among the best of all jazz musicians.<a href="#cite_note-230">[229]</a> In 2018, American rapper <a href="/wiki/Q-Tip_(musician)" title="Q-Tip (musician)">Q-Tip</a> played Miles Davis in a theater production, My Funny Valentine.<a href="#cite_note-:4-231">[230]</a> Q-Tip had previously played Davis in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-:4-231">[230]</a> In 2019, the documentary <a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis:_Birth_of_the_Cool" title="Miles Davis: Birth of the Cool">Miles Davis: Birth of the Cool</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Nelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanley Nelson">Stanley Nelson</a>, premiered at the <a href="/wiki/Sundance_Film_Festival" title="Sundance Film Festival">Sundance Film Festival</a>.<a href="#cite_note-232">[231]</a> It was later released on <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>' American Masters series.<a href="#cite_note-Rolling_Stone_2020-233">[232]</a> Davis has, however, been subject to criticism. In 1990, writer <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Crouch" title="Stanley Crouch">Stanley Crouch</a>, a prominent critic of jazz fusion, labeled Davis "the most brilliant sellout in the history of jazz,"<a href="#cite_note-:11-141">[140]</a> A 1993 essay by Robert Walser in The Musical Quarterly claims that "Davis has long been infamous for missing more notes than any other major trumpet player."<a href="#cite_note-:5-234">[233]</a> Also in the essay is a quote by music critic <a href="/wiki/James_Lincoln_Collier" title="James Lincoln Collier">James Lincoln Collier</a> who states that "if his influence was profound, the ultimate value of his work is another matter," and calls Davis an "adequate instrumentalist" but "not a great one."<a href="#cite_note-:5-234">[233]</a> In 2013, <a href="/wiki/The_A.V._Club" title="The A.V. Club">The A.V. Club</a> published an article titled "Miles Davis beat his wives and made beautiful music". In the article, writer Sonia Saraiya praises Davis as a musician, but criticizes him as a person, in particular, his abuse of his wives.<a href="#cite_note-:6-235">[234]</a> Others, such as Francis Davis, have criticized his treatment of women, describing it as "contemptible".<a href="#cite_note-:7-217">[216]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Miles_Davis&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Awards and honors">edit</a>]</div> Grammy Awards <ul><li>Miles Davis won eight Grammy Awards and received thirty-two nominations.<a href="#cite_note-Grammy-236">[235]</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Category</th> <th>Work </th></tr> <tr> <td>1960</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Original_Jazz_Composition" title="Grammy Award for Best Original Jazz Composition">Best Jazz Composition of More Than Five Minutes Duration</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sketches_of_Spain" title="Sketches of Spain">Sketches of Spain</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1970</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Large_Jazz_Ensemble_Album" title="Grammy Award for Best Large Jazz Ensemble Album">Best Jazz Performance, Large Group or Soloist with Large Group</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bitches_Brew" title="Bitches Brew">Bitches Brew</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1982</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Best_Jazz_Instrumental_Performance,_Soloist" class="mw-redirect" title="Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Soloist">Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Soloist</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/We_Want_Miles" title="We Want Miles">We Want Miles</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1986</td> <td>Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Soloist</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tutu_(album)" title="Tutu (album)">Tutu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1989</td> <td>Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Soloist</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aura_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Aura (Miles Davis album)">Aura</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1989</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Best_Jazz_Instrumental_Performance,_Big_Band" class="mw-redirect" title="Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Big Band">Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Big Band</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aura_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Aura (Miles Davis album)">Aura</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award">Lifetime Achievement Award</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Best_R%26B_Instrumental_Performance" class="mw-redirect" title="Best R&B Instrumental Performance">Best R&B Instrumental Performance</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Doo-Bop" title="Doo-Bop">Doo-Bop</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1993</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Best_Large_Jazz_Ensemble_Performance" class="mw-redirect" title="Best Large Jazz Ensemble Performance">Best Large Jazz Ensemble Performance</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Miles_%26_Quincy_Live_at_Montreux" title="Miles & Quincy Live at Montreux">Miles & Quincy Live at Montreux</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> Other awards <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Award</th> <th>Source </th></tr> <tr> <td>1955</td> <td>Voted Best Trumpeter, DownBeat Readers' Poll</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1957</td> <td>Voted Best Trumpeter, DownBeat Readers' Poll</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1961</td> <td>Voted Best Trumpeter, DownBeat Readers' Poll</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1984</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sonning_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonning Award">Sonning Award</a> for Lifetime Achievement in Music</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1986</td> <td>Doctor of Music, <a href="/wiki/Honoris_causa" class="mw-redirect" title="Honoris causa">honoris causa</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_England_Conservatory" class="mw-redirect" title="New England Conservatory">New England Conservatory</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1988</td> <td>Knighthood by the Knights of Malta</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGelbard201273–74-168">[167]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1989</td> <td>Governor's Award from the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Council_on_the_Arts" title="New York State Council on the Arts">New York State Council on the Arts</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-latimes19890615-237">[236]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990</td> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Walk_of_Fame" title="St. Louis Walk of Fame">St. Louis Walk of Fame</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-238">[237]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Australian_Film_Institute_Award_for_Best_Original_Music_Score" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Film Institute Award for Best Original Music Score">Australian Film Institute Award for Best Original Music Score</a> for <a href="/wiki/Dingo_(film)" title="Dingo (film)">Dingo</a>, shared with <a href="/wiki/Michel_Legrand" title="Michel Legrand">Michel Legrand</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991</td> <td>Knight of the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Legion of Honor">Legion of Honor</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Rolling_Stone_Stamp-227">[226]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hollywood%27s_Rockwalk" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood's Rockwalk">Hollywood's Rockwalk</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Music_recording_sales_certification" class="mw-redirect" title="Music recording sales certification">Quadruple platinum</a> certification for <a href="/wiki/Kind_of_Blue" title="Kind of Blue">Kind of Blue</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Music_recording_sales_certification" class="mw-redirect" title="Music recording sales certification">Quintuple platinum</a> certification for <a href="/wiki/Kind_of_Blue" title="Kind of Blue">Kind of Blue</a></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discography">Discography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Miles_Davis&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Discography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_discography" title="Miles Davis discography">Miles Davis discography</a></div> The following list intends to outline Davis' major works, particularly studio albums. A more comprehensive discography can be found at the main article. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Sounds" title="The New Sounds">The New Sounds</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Man_with_a_Horn_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Young Man with a Horn (Miles Davis album)">Young Man with a Horn</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Period_(album)" title="Blue Period (album)">Blue Period</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Compositions_of_Al_Cohn" title="The Compositions of Al Cohn">The Compositions of Al Cohn</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_Volume_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Miles Davis Volume 2">Miles Davis Volume 2</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_Volume_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Miles Davis Volume 3">Miles Davis Volume 3</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_Quintet_(album)" title="Miles Davis Quintet (album)">Miles Davis Quintet</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_with_Sonny_Rollins" title="Miles Davis with Sonny Rollins">With Sonny Rollins</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_Quartet_(album)" title="Miles Davis Quartet (album)">Miles Davis Quartet</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_All_Stars,_Volume_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Miles Davis All Stars, Volume 1">All-Stars, Volume 1</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_All_Stars,_Volume_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Miles Davis All Stars, Volume 2">All-Stars, Volume 2</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_All_Star_Sextet_(album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Miles Davis All Star Sextet (album)">All Star Sextet</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Musings_of_Miles" title="The Musings of Miles">The Musings of Miles</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Moods" title="Blue Moods">Blue Moods</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_Vols._1_%26_2" title="Miles Davis Vols. 1 & 2">Miles Davis, Vol. 1</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_Vols._1_%26_2" title="Miles Davis Vols. 1 & 2">Miles Davis, Vol. 2</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dig_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Dig (Miles Davis album)">Dig</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles:_The_New_Miles_Davis_Quintet" title="Miles: The New Miles Davis Quintet">Miles: The New Miles Davis Quintet</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintet/Sextet" title="Quintet/Sextet">Quintet/Sextet</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectors%27_Items" title="Collectors' Items">Collectors' Items</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_of_the_Cool" title="Birth of the Cool">Birth of the Cool</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Round_About_Midnight" title="'Round About Midnight">'Round About Midnight</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkin%27" title="Walkin'">Walkin'</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cookin%27_with_the_Miles_Davis_Quintet" title="Cookin' with the Miles Davis Quintet">Cookin'</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Ahead_(album)" title="Miles Ahead (album)">Miles Ahead</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relaxin%27_with_the_Miles_Davis_Quintet" title="Relaxin' with the Miles Davis Quintet">Relaxin'</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milestones_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Milestones (Miles Davis album)">Milestones</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_and_the_Modern_Jazz_Giants" title="Miles Davis and the Modern Jazz Giants">Miles Davis and the Modern Jazz Giants</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porgy_and_Bess_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Porgy and Bess (Miles Davis album)">Porgy and Bess</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kind_of_Blue" title="Kind of Blue">Kind of Blue</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workin%27_with_the_Miles_Davis_Quintet" title="Workin' with the Miles Davis Quintet">Workin'</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sketches_of_Spain" title="Sketches of Spain">Sketches of Spain</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steamin%27_with_the_Miles_Davis_Quintet" title="Steamin' with the Miles Davis Quintet">Steamin'</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Someday_My_Prince_Will_Come_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Someday My Prince Will Come (Miles Davis album)">Someday My Prince Will Come</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Steps_to_Heaven" title="Seven Steps to Heaven">Seven Steps to Heaven</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiet_Nights_(Miles_Davis_and_Gil_Evans_album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quiet Nights (Miles Davis and Gil Evans album)">Quiet Nights</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.S.P._(Miles_Davis_album)" title="E.S.P. (Miles Davis album)">E.S.P.</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Smiles" title="Miles Smiles">Miles Smiles</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorcerer_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Sorcerer (Miles Davis album)">Sorcerer</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefertiti_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Nefertiti (Miles Davis album)">Nefertiti</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_in_the_Sky" title="Miles in the Sky">Miles in the Sky</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filles_de_Kilimanjaro" title="Filles de Kilimanjaro">Filles de Kilimanjaro</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_a_Silent_Way" title="In a Silent Way">In a Silent Way</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitches_Brew" title="Bitches Brew">Bitches Brew</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Johnson_(album)" title="Jack Johnson (album)">Jack Johnson</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live-Evil_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Live-Evil (Miles Davis album)">Live-Evil</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Corner_(album)" class="mw-redirect" title="On the Corner (album)">On the Corner</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_Concert_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="In Concert (Miles Davis album)">In Concert</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Fun_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Big Fun (Miles Davis album)">Big Fun</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_Up_with_It" title="Get Up with It">Get Up with It</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agharta_(album)" title="Agharta (album)">Agharta</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangaea_(album)" title="Pangaea (album)">Pangaea</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Magus" title="Dark Magus">Dark Magus</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_with_the_Horn" title="The Man with the Horn">The Man with the Horn</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Want_Miles" title="We Want Miles">We Want Miles</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_People" title="Star People">Star People</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decoy_(album)" title="Decoy (album)">Decoy</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/You%27re_Under_Arrest_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="You're Under Arrest (Miles Davis album)">You're Under Arrest</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutu_(album)" title="Tutu (album)">Tutu</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amandla_(album)" title="Amandla (album)">Amandla</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aura_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Aura (Miles Davis album)">Aura</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doo-Bop" title="Doo-Bop">Doo-Bop</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubberband_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Rubberband (Miles Davis album)">Rubberband</a> (2019)</li></ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Miles_Davis&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Filmography">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Year </th> <th rowspan="2">Film </th> <th colspan="3">Credited as </th> <th rowspan="2">Role </th> <th rowspan="2">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <th width="65">Composer </th> <th width="65">Performer </th> <th width="65">Actor </th></tr> <tr> <td>1958 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elevator_to_the_Gallows" title="Elevator to the Gallows">Elevator to the Gallows</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Described by critic Phil Johnson as "the loneliest trumpet sound you will ever hear, and the model for sad-core music ever since. Hear it and weep."<a href="#cite_note-239">[238]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1968 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Symbiopsychotaxiplasm" title="Symbiopsychotaxiplasm">Symbiopsychotaxiplasm</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Music by Davis, from <a href="/wiki/In_a_Silent_Way" title="In a Silent Way">In a Silent Way</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[240]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1970 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jack_Johnson_(film)" title="Jack Johnson (film)">Jack Johnson</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Basis for the 1971 album <a href="/wiki/Jack_Johnson_(album)" title="Jack Johnson (album)">Jack Johnson</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1972 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Imagine_(1972_film)" title="Imagine (1972 film)">Imagine</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>Himself </td> <td>Cameo, uncredited </td></tr> <tr> <td>1985 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Miami_Vice" title="Miami Vice">Miami Vice</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>Ivory Jones </td> <td>TV series (1 episode – "Junk Love") </td></tr> <tr> <td>1986 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Crime_Story_(U.S._TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crime Story (U.S. TV series)">Crime Story</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>Jazz musician </td> <td>Cameo, TV series (1 episode – "The War") </td></tr> <tr> <td>1987 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Siesta_(film)" title="Siesta (film)">Siesta</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td> </td> <td>— </td> <td>Only one song is composed by Miles Davis in cooperation with <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Miller" title="Marcus Miller">Marcus Miller</a> ("Theme For Augustine"). </td></tr> <tr> <td>1988 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scrooged" title="Scrooged">Scrooged</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>Street musician </td> <td>Cameo </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Hot_Spot" title="The Hot Spot">The Hot Spot</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Composed by <a href="/wiki/Jack_Nitzsche" title="Jack Nitzsche">Jack Nitzsche</a>, also featuring <a href="/wiki/John_Lee_Hooker" title="John Lee Hooker">John Lee Hooker</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dingo_(film)" title="Dingo (film)">Dingo</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>Billy Cross </td> <td>Soundtrack is composed by Miles Davis in cooperation with <a href="/wiki/Michel_Legrand" title="Michel Legrand">Michel Legrand</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Miles_Davis&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> Writers began to refer to Davis as "the Prince of Darkness" in liner notes of the records of this period, and the moniker persisted.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Miles_Davis&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Miles_Davis&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-allmusic-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRuhlmann" class="citation web cs1">Ruhlmann, William. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/miles-davis-mn0000423829/biography">"Miles Davis Biography"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160621230319/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/miles-davis-mn0000423829/biography">Archived</a> from the original on June 21, 2016. Retrieved June 16, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Miles+Davis+Biography&rft.aulast=Ruhlmann&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fmiles-davis-mn0000423829%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgovino2016" class="citation news cs1">Agovino, Michael J. (March 11, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/13/fashion/mens-style/miles-davis-style-icon.html">"The Ensembles of Miles Davis Epitomized Cool"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved February 12, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Ensembles+of+Miles+Davis+Epitomized+Cool&rft.date=2016-03-11&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Agovino&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F03%2F13%2Ffashion%2Fmens-style%2Fmiles-davis-style-icon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanow2005176-3"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYanow2005176_3-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYanow2005">Yanow 2005</a>, p. 176. </li> <li id="cite_note-aar-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aar_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aar_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aar_4-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aaregistry.org/historic_events/view/miles-davis-innovative-influential-and-respected-jazz-legend">"Miles Davis, innovative, influential, and respected jazz legend"</a>. African American Registry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160809095005/http://www.aaregistry.org/historic_events/view/miles-davis-innovative-influential-and-respected-jazz-legend">Archived</a> from the original on August 9, 2016. Retrieved June 11, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Miles+Davis%2C+innovative%2C+influential%2C+and+respected+jazz+legend&rft.pub=African+American+Registry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aaregistry.org%2Fhistoric_events%2Fview%2Fmiles-davis-innovative-influential-and-respected-jazz-legend&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCurdy200461-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCurdy200461_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcCurdy2004">McCurdy 2004</a>, p. 61. </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBailey2008" class="citation web cs1">Bailey, C. Michael (April 11, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allaboutjazz.com/miles-davis-miles-smiles-and-the-invention-of-post-bop-by-c-michael-bailey.php">"Miles Davis, Miles Smiles, and the Invention of Post Bop"</a>. <a href="/wiki/All_About_Jazz" title="All About Jazz">All About Jazz</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160608090419/https://www.allaboutjazz.com/miles-davis-miles-smiles-and-the-invention-of-post-bop-by-c-michael-bailey.php">Archived</a> from the original on June 8, 2016. Retrieved June 20, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=All+About+Jazz&rft.atitle=Miles+Davis%2C+Miles+Smiles%2C+and+the+Invention+of+Post+Bop&rft.date=2008-04-11&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=C.+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allaboutjazz.com%2Fmiles-davis-miles-smiles-and-the-invention-of-post-bop-by-c-michael-bailey.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman20059–11,_155–156-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman20059–11,_155–156_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFreeman2005">Freeman 2005</a>, pp. 9–11, 155–156. </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChristgau1997">Christgau 1997</a>; <a href="#CITEREFFreeman2005">Freeman 2005</a>, pp. 10–11, back cover </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSegell1978" class="citation magazine cs1">Segell, Michael (December 28, 1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/features/the-children-of-bitches-brew-19781228">"The Children of 'Bitches Brew'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160614211236/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/features/the-children-of-bitches-brew-19781228">Archived</a> from the original on June 14, 2016. Retrieved June 12, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=The+Children+of+%27Bitches+Brew%27&rft.date=1978-12-28&rft.aulast=Segell&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Ffeatures%2Fthe-children-of-bitches-brew-19781228&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rsbio-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rsbio_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rsbio_10-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacnie" class="citation magazine cs1">Macnie, Jim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170809154510/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/miles-davis/biography">"Miles Davis Biography"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/miles-davis/biography">the original</a> on August 9, 2017. Retrieved June 11, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Miles+Davis+Biography&rft.aulast=Macnie&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fartists%2Fmiles-davis%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miles_Davis-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Miles_Davis_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miles_Davis_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miles_Davis_11-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miles_Davis_11-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rockhall.com/inductees/miles-davis/bio/">"Miles Davis"</a>. Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160503025255/http://www.rockhall.com/inductees/miles-davis/bio/">Archived</a> from the original on May 3, 2016. Retrieved May 1, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rock+and+Roll+Hall+of+Fame&rft.atitle=Miles+Davis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rockhall.com%2Finductees%2Fmiles-davis%2Fbio%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerald_Lyn1998" class="citation book cs1">Gerald Lyn, Early (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781883982270/page/205">Ain't But a Place: an anthology of African American writings about St. Louis</a>. <a href="/wiki/Missouri_History_Museum" title="Missouri History Museum">Missouri History Museum</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781883982270/page/205">205</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-883982-28-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-883982-28-6"><bdi>1-883982-28-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ain%27t+But+a+Place%3A+an+anthology+of+African+American+writings+about+St.+Louis&rft.pages=205&rft.pub=Missouri+History+Museum&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-883982-28-6&rft.aulast=Gerald+Lyn&rft.aufirst=Early&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9781883982270%2Fpage%2F205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECook20079-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECook20079_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECook20079_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECook20079_13-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECook20079_13-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFCook2007">Cook 2007</a>, p. 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly2001209-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarly2001209_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarly2001209_14-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFEarly2001">Early 2001</a>, p. 209. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''200717-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''200717_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''200717_15-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''200717_15-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Complete_Illustrated_History2007">The Complete Illustrated History 2007</a>, p. 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrr201211-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrr201211_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrr201211_16-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrr201211_16-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFOrr2012">Orr 2012</a>, p. 11. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarner2014-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarner2014_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarner2014_17-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarner2014_17-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarner2014_17-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarner2014_17-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFWarner2014">Warner 2014</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly2001210-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarly2001210_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarly2001210_18-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarly2001210_18-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarly2001210_18-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFEarly2001">Early 2001</a>, p. 210. </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_19-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.readersdigest.co.uk/culture/music/a-life-in-pictures-miles-davis">"A life in pictures: Miles Davis – Reader's Digest"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reader%27s_Digest" title="Reader's Digest">Reader's Digest</a>. Retrieved June 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reader%27s+Digest&rft.atitle=A+life+in+pictures%3A+Miles+Davis+%E2%80%93+Reader%27s+Digest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.readersdigest.co.uk%2Fculture%2Fmusic%2Fa-life-in-pictures-miles-davis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''200719-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''200719_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''200719_20-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Complete_Illustrated_History2007">The Complete Illustrated History 2007</a>, p. 19. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe198932-21"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe198932_21-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavisTroupe1989">Davis & Troupe 1989</a>, p. 32. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahn2001-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKahn2001_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKahn2001_22-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFKahn2001">Kahn 2001</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''200723-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''200723_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''200723_23-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Complete_Illustrated_History2007">The Complete Illustrated History 2007</a>, p. 23. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton200510-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorton200510_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMorton2005">Morton 2005</a>, p. 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-Arons-25"><a href="#cite_ref-Arons_25-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArons2014" class="citation web cs1">Arons, Rachel (March 21, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grahamfoundation.org/system/grants/press/284/original/Dawson_MediaCov_NewYorker_20140321.pdf">"Slide Show: American Public Libraries Great and Small"</a> (PDF). Graham Foundation. p. 5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180509013353/http://www.grahamfoundation.org/system/grants/press/284/original/Dawson_MediaCov_NewYorker_20140321.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on May 9, 2018. Retrieved May 8, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Graham+Foundation&rft.atitle=Slide+Show%3A+American+Public+Libraries+Great+and+Small&rft.pages=5&rft.date=2014-03-21&rft.aulast=Arons&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grahamfoundation.org%2Fsystem%2Fgrants%2Fpress%2F284%2Foriginal%2FDawson_MediaCov_NewYorker_20140321.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly2001211-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarly2001211_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarly2001211_26-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarly2001211_26-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarly2001211_26-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarly2001211_26-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarly2001211_26-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarly2001211_26-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarly2001211_26-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarly2001211_26-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarly2001211_26-9">j</a> <a href="#CITEREFEarly2001">Early 2001</a>, p. 211. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrr201212-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrr201212_27-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOrr2012">Orr 2012</a>, p. 12. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrr201213-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrr201213_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrr201213_28-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFOrr2012">Orr 2012</a>, p. 13. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECook200710-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECook200710_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECook200710_29-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECook200710_29-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECook200710_29-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFCook2007">Cook 2007</a>, p. 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''200729-30"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''200729_30-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Complete_Illustrated_History2007">The Complete Illustrated History 2007</a>, p. 29. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''200732-31"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''200732_31-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Complete_Illustrated_History2007">The Complete Illustrated History 2007</a>, p. 32. </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_32-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_32-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_32-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Miles-Davis">"Miles Davis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. May 22, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200526203028/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Miles-Davis">Archived</a> from the original on May 26, 2020. Retrieved June 22, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Miles+Davis&rft.date=2020-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FMiles-Davis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe198956-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe198956_33-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavisTroupe1989">Davis & Troupe 1989</a>, p. 56. </li> <li id="cite_note-inflation-US-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-US_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-US_34-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-US_34-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-US_34-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-US_34-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-US_34-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-US_34-6">g</a> 1634–1699: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCusker1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._McCusker" title="John J. McCusker">McCusker, J. J.</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525121.pdf">How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society" title="American Antiquarian Society">American Antiquarian Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Much+Is+That+in+Real+Money%3F+A+Historical+Price+Index+for+Use+as+a+Deflator+of+Money+Values+in+the+Economy+of+the+United+States%3A+Addenda+et+Corrigenda&rft.pub=American+Antiquarian+Society&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=McCusker&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanantiquarian.org%2Fproceedings%2F44525121.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> 1700–1799: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCusker1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._McCusker" title="John J. McCusker">McCusker, J. J.</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517778.pdf">How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society" title="American Antiquarian Society">American Antiquarian Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Much+Is+That+in+Real+Money%3F+A+Historical+Price+Index+for+Use+as+a+Deflator+of+Money+Values+in+the+Economy+of+the+United+States&rft.pub=American+Antiquarian+Society&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=McCusker&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanantiquarian.org%2Fproceedings%2F44517778.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> 1800–present: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Reserve_Bank_of_Minneapolis" class="citation web cs1">Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minneapolisfed.org/about-us/monetary-policy/inflation-calculator/consumer-price-index-1800-">"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–"</a>. Retrieved February 29, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Consumer+Price+Index+%28estimate%29+1800%E2%80%93&rft.au=Federal+Reserve+Bank+of+Minneapolis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.minneapolisfed.org%2Fabout-us%2Fmonetary-policy%2Finflation-calculator%2Fconsumer-price-index-1800-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_35-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_35-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook1985" class="citation journal cs1">Cook, Richard (July 13, 1985). "Miles Davis: Miles Runs The Voodoo Down". NME – via Rock's Backpages.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NME&rft.atitle=Miles+Davis%3A+Miles+Runs+The+Voodoo+Down&rft.date=1985-07-13&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly200138-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarly200138_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEarly2001">Early 2001</a>, p. 38. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly200168-37"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarly200168_37-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEarly2001">Early 2001</a>, p. 68. </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.plosin.com/milesAhead/Sessions.aspx?s=461018">"See the Plosin session database"</a>. Plosin.com. October 18, 1946. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511133707/http://www.plosin.com/milesAhead/Sessions.aspx?s=461018">Archived</a> from the original on May 11, 2011. Retrieved July 18, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=See+the+Plosin+session+database&rft.pub=Plosin.com&rft.date=1946-10-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.plosin.com%2FmilesAhead%2FSessions.aspx%3Fs%3D461018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly2001212-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarly2001212_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarly2001212_39-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarly2001212_39-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarly2001212_39-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarly2001212_39-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarly2001212_39-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarly2001212_39-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarly2001212_39-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarly2001212_39-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarly2001212_39-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarly2001212_39-10">k</a> <a href="#CITEREFEarly2001">Early 2001</a>, p. 212. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> On this occasion, Mingus bitterly criticized Davis for abandoning his "musical father" (see <a href="#Bio">The Autobiography</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989105-41"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989105_41-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavisTroupe1989">Davis & Troupe 1989</a>, p. 105. </li> <li id="cite_note-New_Grove-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-New_Grove_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-New_Grove_42-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-New_Grove_42-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKernfeld2002" class="citation book cs1">Kernfeld, Barry (2002). Kernfeld, Barry (ed.). The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). New York: Grove's Dictionaries. p. 573. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56159-284-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-56159-284-6"><bdi>1-56159-284-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Grove+Dictionary+of+Jazz&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=573&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Grove%27s+Dictionaries&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-56159-284-6&rft.aulast=Kernfeld&rft.aufirst=Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECook200712-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECook200712_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCook2007">Cook 2007</a>, p. 12. </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMulligan" class="citation web cs1">Mulligan, Gerry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225918/http://www.gerrymulligan.com/wp-content/files/auto-bio.pdf">"I hear America singing"</a> (PDF). gerrymulligan.com. Gerry Mulligan. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gerrymulligan.com/wp-content/files/auto-bio.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on March 3, 2016. <q>Miles, the bandleader. He took the initiative and put the theories to work. He called the rehearsals, hired the halls, called the players, and generally cracked the whip.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gerrymulligan.com&rft.atitle=I+hear+America+singing&rft.aulast=Mulligan&rft.aufirst=Gerry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gerrymulligan.com%2Fwp-content%2Ffiles%2Fauto-bio.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECook200714-45"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECook200714_45-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCook2007">Cook 2007</a>, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECook20072-46"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECook20072_46-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCook2007">Cook 2007</a>, p. 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989117-47"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989117_47-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavisTroupe1989">Davis & Troupe 1989</a>, p. 117. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989126-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989126_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989126_48-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavisTroupe1989">Davis & Troupe 1989</a>, p. 126. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESzwed200491-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESzwed200491_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESzwed200491_49-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSzwed2004">Szwed 2004</a>, p. 91. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989129-50"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989129_50-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavisTroupe1989">Davis & Troupe 1989</a>, p. 129. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECook200725-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECook200725_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECook200725_51-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCook2007">Cook 2007</a>, p. 25. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989175–176-52"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989175–176_52-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavisTroupe1989">Davis & Troupe 1989</a>, pp. 175–176. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECook200726-53"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECook200726_53-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCook2007">Cook 2007</a>, p. 26. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989164-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989164_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989164_54-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavisTroupe1989">Davis & Troupe 1989</a>, p. 164. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989164–165-55"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989164–165_55-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavisTroupe1989">Davis & Troupe 1989</a>, pp. 164–165. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989169–170-56"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989169–170_56-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavisTroupe1989">Davis & Troupe 1989</a>, pp. 169–170. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989171-57"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989171_57-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavisTroupe1989">Davis & Troupe 1989</a>, p. 171. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989174,_175,_184-58"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989174,_175,_184_58-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavisTroupe1989">Davis & Troupe 1989</a>, pp. 174, 175, 184. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989175-59"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989175_59-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavisTroupe1989">Davis & Troupe 1989</a>, p. 175. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989176-60"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989176_60-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavisTroupe1989">Davis & Troupe 1989</a>, p. 176. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989190-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989190_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989190_61-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavisTroupe1989">Davis & Troupe 1989</a>, p. 190. </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> Open references to the blues in jazz playing were fairly recent. Until the middle of the 1930s, as Coleman Hawkins declared to <a href="/wiki/Alan_Lomax" title="Alan Lomax">Alan Lomax</a> (The Land Where the Blues Began. New York: Pantheon, 1993), African-American players working in white establishments would avoid references to the blues altogether. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989183-63"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989183_63-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavisTroupe1989">Davis & Troupe 1989</a>, p. 183. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESzwed2004-64"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESzwed2004_64-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSzwed2004">Szwed 2004</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> Acquired by shouting at a record producer while still ailing after a recent operation to the throat – <a href="#Bio">The Autobiography</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSantoro1991" class="citation news cs1">Santoro, Gene (November 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130808234925/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb1367/is_199111/ai_n5603401/">"Prince of darkness. (Miles Davis) (obituary)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb1367/is_199111/ai_n5603401/">the original</a> on August 8, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=Prince+of+darkness.+%28Miles+Davis%29+%28obituary%29&rft.date=1991-11&rft.aulast=Santoro&rft.aufirst=Gene&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffindarticles.com%2Fp%2Farticles%2Fmi_hb1367%2Fis_199111%2Fai_n5603401%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160331013936/http://www.pbs.org/jazz/biography/artist_id_davis_miles.htm">"Miles Davis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/jazz/biography/artist_id_davis_miles.htm">the original</a> on March 31, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS.org&rft.atitle=Miles+Davis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fjazz%2Fbiography%2Fartist_id_davis_miles.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChell2008" class="citation web cs1">Chell, Samuel (June 29, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090202155544/http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/article.php?id=29834">"Miles Davis: Someday My Prince Will Come"</a>. allaboutjazz.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/article.php?id=29834">the original</a> on February 2, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=allaboutjazz.com&rft.atitle=Miles+Davis%3A+Someday+My+Prince+Will+Come&rft.date=2008-06-29&rft.aulast=Chell&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allaboutjazz.com%2Fphp%2Farticle.php%3Fid%3D29834&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''200773-70"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''200773_70-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Complete_Illustrated_History2007">The Complete Illustrated History 2007</a>, p. 73. </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_71-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNatambu2014" class="citation journal cs1">Natambu, Kofi (September 22, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=LitRC&sw=w&issn=10893148&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA393059770&sid=googleScholar&linkaccess=abs">"Miles Davis: A New Revolution in Sound"</a>. Black Renaissance/Renaissance Noire. 14 (2): 36–40. Retrieved June 27, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Black+Renaissance%2FRenaissance+Noire&rft.atitle=Miles+Davis%3A+A+New+Revolution+in+Sound&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=36-40&rft.date=2014-09-22&rft.aulast=Natambu&rft.aufirst=Kofi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgo.gale.com%2Fps%2Fi.do%3Fp%3DLitRC%26sw%3Dw%26issn%3D10893148%26v%3D2.1%26it%3Dr%26id%3DGALE%257CA393059770%26sid%3DgoogleScholar%26linkaccess%3Dabs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton200527-72"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorton200527_72-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMorton2005">Morton 2005</a>, p. 27. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECook200743–44-73"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECook200743–44_73-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCook2007">Cook 2007</a>, pp. 43–44. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarr199896-74"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarr199896_74-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarr1998">Carr 1998</a>, p. 96. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989192-75"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989192_75-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavisTroupe1989">Davis & Troupe 1989</a>, p. 192. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChambers1998223-76"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChambers1998223_76-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChambers1998">Chambers 1998</a>, p. 223. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECook200745-77"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECook200745_77-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCook2007">Cook 2007</a>, p. 45. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarr199899-78"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarr199899_78-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarr1998">Carr 1998</a>, p. 99. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989186-79"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989186_79-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavisTroupe1989">Davis & Troupe 1989</a>, p. 186. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarly2001215-80"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarly2001215_80-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEarly2001">Early 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href="#CITEREFDavisTroupe1989">Davis & Troupe 1989</a>, p. 229. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESzwed2004139-86"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESzwed2004139_86-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSzwed2004">Szwed 2004</a>, p. 139. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarr1998107-87">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarr1998107_87-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarr1998107_87-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarr1998">Carr 1998</a>, p. 107. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESzwed2004140-88"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESzwed2004140_88-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSzwed2004">Szwed 2004</a>, p. 140. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESzwed2004141-89"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESzwed2004141_89-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSzwed2004">Szwed 2004</a>, p. 141. </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> Cook, op. cit. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''2007108-91"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''2007108_91-0">^</a> <a 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Retrieved May 7, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gold+%26+Platinum+%E2%80%93+Search+%22Miles+Davis%22&rft.pub=Recording+Industry+Association+of+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.riaa.com%2Fgold-platinum%2F%3Ftab_active%3Ddefault-award%26se%3Dmiles%2Bdavis%23search_section&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-99"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_99-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203024206/http://www.rnw.nl/english/article/us-politicians-honour-miles-davis-album">"US politicians honour Miles Davis album | RNW Media"</a>. Rnw.nl. 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BBC Arts. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191203205726/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/nDS9d4z119XrWm57H2SDFD/when-miles-met-prince-superstars-secret-collaboration">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2019. 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United Press International. November 17, 1988. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170903120317/http://www.upi.com/Archives/1988/11/17/Davis-cuts-tour-short-following-collapse/9622595746000/">Archived</a> from the original on September 3, 2017. 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Retrieved December 15, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+360&rft.atitle=An+Interview+with+Frances+Davis+%28Miles+Davis%27s+First+Wife%29&rft.date=2017-09-26&rft.aulast=Aronson&rft.aufirst=Sheryl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthehollywood360.com%2Fan-interview-with-frances-davis-miles-daviss-1st-wife%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989227-181"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989227_181-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavisTroupe1989">Davis & Troupe 1989</a>, p. 227. </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=064DAAAAMBAJ&q=frances+Taylor+jet+1960+miles+davis&pg=PA59">"Miles Davis, Frances Taylor Wed In Toledo"</a>. Jet. 17 (11): 59. January 7, 1960.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jet&rft.atitle=Miles+Davis%2C+Frances+Taylor+Wed+In+Toledo&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=59&rft.date=1960-01-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D064DAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Dfrances%2BTaylor%2Bjet%2B1960%2Bmiles%2Bdavis%26pg%3DPA59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989228-183"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989228_183-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavisTroupe1989">Davis & Troupe 1989</a>, p. 228. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989290-184"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989290_184-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavisTroupe1989">Davis & Troupe 1989</a>, p. 290. </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://santafe.com/blogs/read/the-matra-diva-the-iconic-frances-davis">"Blogs"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170211081342/http://santafe.com/blogs/read/the-matra-diva-the-iconic-frances-davis">Archived</a> from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved February 9, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blogs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsantafe.com%2Fblogs%2Fread%2Fthe-matra-diva-the-iconic-frances-davis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989267-186"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989267_186-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavisTroupe1989">Davis & Troupe 1989</a>, p. 267. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Complete_Illustrated_History2007109-187"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Complete_Illustrated_History2007109_187-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Complete_Illustrated_History2007">The Complete Illustrated History 2007</a>, p. 109. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989281–282-188"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989281–282_188-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavisTroupe1989">Davis & Troupe 1989</a>, pp. 281–282. </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LrgDAAAAMBAJ&q=frances+miles+davis+jet&pg=PA23">"Miles Davis And Wife Now 'Miles Apart'"</a>. Jet. 33 (19): 23. February 15, 1968.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jet&rft.atitle=Miles+Davis+And+Wife+Now+%27Miles+Apart%27&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=19&rft.pages=23&rft.date=1968-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLrgDAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Dfrances%2Bmiles%2Bdavis%2Bjet%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESzwed2004268-190"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESzwed2004268_190-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSzwed2004">Szwed 2004</a>, p. 268. </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hTgDAAAAMBAJ&q=betty+davis+miles+davis+jet+1968&pg=PA48">"One Of Sexiest Men Alive"</a>. Jet. 35 (2): 48. October 17, 1968. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200528035130/https://books.google.com/books?id=hTgDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA48&dq=betty+davis+miles+davis+jet+1968&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj6_d7Qz7nmAhXPWc0KHQfUC0wQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=betty%20davis%20miles%20davis%20jet%201968&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2020. Retrieved December 16, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jet&rft.atitle=One+Of+Sexiest+Men+Alive&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=48&rft.date=1968-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhTgDAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Dbetty%2Bdavis%2Bmiles%2Bdavis%2Bjet%2B1968%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989-192">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989_192-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989_192-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavisTroupe1989">Davis & Troupe 1989</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''2007143-193"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''2007143_193-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Complete_Illustrated_History2007">The Complete Illustrated History 2007</a>, p. 143. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''2007145-194"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Complete_Illustrated_History''2007145_194-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Complete_Illustrated_History2007">The Complete Illustrated History 2007</a>, p. 145. </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2003" class="citation magazine cs1">Murphy, Bill (October 2003). "Raging Bullhorn: Miles Davis and A Tribute to Jack Johnson". The Wire. No. 236. p. 32.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wire&rft.atitle=Raging+Bullhorn%3A+Miles+Davis+and+A+Tribute+to+Jack+Johnson&rft.issue=236&rft.pages=32&rft.date=2003-10&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989348-196"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989348_196-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavisTroupe1989">Davis & Troupe 1989</a>, p. 348. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Complete_Illustrated_History2007180-197"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Complete_Illustrated_History2007180_197-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Complete_Illustrated_History2007">The Complete Illustrated History 2007</a>, p. 180. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989390–391-198"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989390–391_198-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavisTroupe1989">Davis & Troupe 1989</a>, pp. 390–391. </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-199">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_199-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_199-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_199-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_199-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelastmiles.com/interviews-jo-gelbard/">"Interview: Jo Gelbard: The Dark Arts"</a>. The Last Miles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200424103257/https://www.thelastmiles.com/interviews-jo-gelbard/">Archived</a> from the original on April 24, 2020. Retrieved June 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Last+Miles&rft.atitle=Interview%3A+Jo+Gelbard%3A+The+Dark+Arts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelastmiles.com%2Finterviews-jo-gelbard%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989363–64-200"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavisTroupe1989363–64_200-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavisTroupe1989">Davis & Troupe 1989</a>, pp. 363–64. </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer2012" class="citation magazine cs1">Meyer, Robinson (July 9, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/07/the-time-miles-davis-stole-or-borrowed-a-song-151and-how-it-ended-up-on-his-tombstone/259556/">"The Time Miles Davis Stole (or Borrowed) a Song and How It Ended Up on His Tombstone"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>. Retrieved November 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=The+Time+Miles+Davis+Stole+%28or+Borrowed%29+a+Song+and+How+It+Ended+Up+on+His+Tombstone&rft.date=2012-07-09&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Robinson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Ftechnology%2Farchive%2F2012%2F07%2Fthe-time-miles-davis-stole-or-borrowed-a-song-151and-how-it-ended-up-on-his-tombstone%2F259556%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton2005149-202"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorton2005149_202-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMorton2005">Morton 2005</a>, p. 149. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton2005150-203"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorton2005150_203-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMorton2005">Morton 2005</a>, p. 150. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESzwed2004393-204"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESzwed2004393_204-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSzwed2004">Szwed 2004</a>, p. 393. </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nycago.org/Organs/NYC/html/StPeterLuth.html">"St. Peter Lutheran Church – New York City"</a>. nycago.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101223045109/http://nycago.org/Organs/NYC/html/StPeterLuth.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2010. Retrieved June 13, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nycago.org&rft.atitle=St.+Peter+Lutheran+Church+%E2%80%93+New+York+City&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nycago.org%2FOrgans%2FNYC%2Fhtml%2FStPeterLuth.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRatliff1998" class="citation news cs1">Ratliff, Ben (February 8, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/08/nyregion/john-g-gensel-80-the-pastor-to-new-york-s-jazz-community.html">"John G. Gensel, 80, the Pastor to New York's Jazz Community"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160815210027/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/08/nyregion/john-g-gensel-80-the-pastor-to-new-york-s-jazz-community.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 15, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=John+G.+Gensel%2C+80%2C+the+Pastor+to+New+York%27s+Jazz+Community&rft.date=1998-02-08&rft.aulast=Ratliff&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1998%2F02%2F08%2Fnyregion%2Fjohn-g-gensel-80-the-pastor-to-new-york-s-jazz-community.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECole2005409-207">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECole2005409_207-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECole2005409_207-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCole2005">Cole 2005</a>, p. 409. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisSussman2006-208"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavisSussman2006_208-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavisSussman2006">Davis & Sussman 2006</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jLkDAAAAMBAJ&q=cicely+tyson+miles+davis+jet&pg=PA58">"Miles Davis Excludes Two Of His Sons From His Will"</a>. Jet. 81 (4): 58. November 11, 1991.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jet&rft.atitle=Miles+Davis+Excludes+Two+Of+His+Sons+From+His+Will&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=58&rft.date=1991-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjLkDAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Dcicely%2Btyson%2Bmiles%2Bdavis%2Bjet%26pg%3DPA58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisSultanof20022–3-210"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavisSultanof20022–3_210-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavisSultanof2002">Davis & Sultanof 2002</a>, pp. 2–3. </li> <li id="cite_note-Bill-211">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bill_211-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bill_211-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bill_211-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahn2001a" class="citation web cs1">Kahn, Ashley (September 1, 2001a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jazztimes.com/features/miles-davis-and-bill-evans-miles-and-bill-in-black-white/">"Miles Davis and Bill Evans: Miles and Bill in Black & White"</a>. JazzTimes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180322143448/https://jazztimes.com/features/miles-davis-and-bill-evans-miles-and-bill-in-black-white/">Archived</a> from the original on March 22, 2018. Retrieved December 15, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JazzTimes&rft.atitle=Miles+Davis+and+Bill+Evans%3A+Miles+and+Bill+in+Black+%26+White&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.aulast=Kahn&rft.aufirst=Ashley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjazztimes.com%2Ffeatures%2Fmiles-davis-and-bill-evans-miles-and-bill-in-black-white%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gilroy1993-212"><a href="#cite_ref-gilroy1993_212-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilroy1993" class="citation book cs1">Gilroy, Paul (1993). The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness. Cambridge, MA: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. p. 97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0674076060" title="Special:BookSources/0674076060"><bdi>0674076060</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Black+Atlantic%3A+Modernity+and+Double+Consciousness&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pages=97&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0674076060&rft.aulast=Gilroy&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian-213"><a href="#cite_ref-guardian_213-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/nov/16/miles-davis-voted-greatest-jazz-artist-of-all-time">"Miles Davis voted greatest jazz artist of all time"</a>. The Guardian. November 16, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160616230028/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/nov/16/miles-davis-voted-greatest-jazz-artist-of-all-time">Archived</a> from the original on June 16, 2016. Retrieved December 15, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Miles+Davis+voted+greatest+jazz+artist+of+all+time&rft.date=2015-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2015%2Fnov%2F16%2Fmiles-davis-voted-greatest-jazz-artist-of-all-time&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTingen2003" class="citation web cs1">Tingen, Paul (September 30, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/6zdp">"Music – Review of Miles Davis – The Complete Jack Johnson Sessions"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925111639/http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/6zdp">Archived</a> from the original on September 25, 2015. 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Retrieved June 27, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=%27Miles+Davis%3A+Birth+of+the+Cool%27%3A+PBS+Shares+New+Trailer%2C+Clip+for+Doc&rft.date=2020-02-19&rft.aulast=Kreps&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-news%2Fmiles-davis-birth-of-the-cool-trailer-pbs-american-masters-955005%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-234">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_234-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_234-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalser1993" class="citation journal cs1">Walser, Robert (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/742559">"Out of Notes: Signification, Interpretation, and the Problem of Miles Davis"</a>. The Musical Quarterly. 77 (2): 343–365. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmq%2F77.2.343">10.1093/mq/77.2.343</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0027-4631">0027-4631</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/742559">742559</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Musical+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Out+of+Notes%3A+Signification%2C+Interpretation%2C+and+the+Problem+of+Miles+Davis&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=343-365&rft.date=1993&rft.issn=0027-4631&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F742559%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fmq%2F77.2.343&rft.aulast=Walser&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F742559&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-235"><a href="#cite_ref-:6_235-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaraiya2013" class="citation web cs1">Saraiya, Sonia (November 22, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.avclub.com/miles-davis-beat-his-wives-and-made-beautiful-music-1798242163">"Miles Davis beat his wives and made beautiful music"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_A.V._Club" title="The A.V. Club">The A.V. Club</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200531160423/https://music.avclub.com/miles-davis-beat-his-wives-and-made-beautiful-music-1798242163">Archived</a> from the original on May 31, 2020. Retrieved June 27, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+A.V.+Club&rft.atitle=Miles+Davis+beat+his+wives+and+made+beautiful+music&rft.date=2013-11-22&rft.aulast=Saraiya&rft.aufirst=Sonia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.avclub.com%2Fmiles-davis-beat-his-wives-and-made-beautiful-music-1798242163&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grammy-236"><a href="#cite_ref-Grammy_236-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/miles-davis">"Miles Davis"</a>. National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. May 14, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200515055129/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/miles-davis">Archived</a> from the original on May 15, 2020. Retrieved May 11, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Miles+Davis&rft.pub=National+Academy+of+Recording+Arts+and+Sciences&rft.date=2017-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grammy.com%2Fgrammys%2Fartists%2Fmiles-davis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-latimes19890615-237"><a href="#cite_ref-latimes19890615_237-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeather1989" class="citation web cs1">Feather, Leonard (June 15, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-06-15-ca-2638-story.html">"Miles Davis to Get Intimate in San Juan's Coach House"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170417070132/http://articles.latimes.com/1989-06-15/entertainment/ca-2638_1_miles-davis-miles-iv-san-juan-capistrano">Archived</a> from the original on April 17, 2017. Retrieved April 16, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Miles+Davis+to+Get+Intimate+in+San+Juan%27s+Coach+House&rft.date=1989-06-15&rft.aulast=Feather&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1989-06-15-ca-2638-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121031162946/http://www.stlouiswalkoffame.org/inductees/?view=achievement">"St. Louis Walk of Fame Inductees"</a>. stlouiswalkoffame.org. St. Louis Walk of Fame. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stlouiswalkoffame.org/inductees/?view=achievement">the original</a> on October 31, 2012. Retrieved April 25, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=stlouiswalkoffame.org&rft.atitle=St.+Louis+Walk+of+Fame+Inductees&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stlouiswalkoffame.org%2Finductees%2F%3Fview%3Dachievement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2004" class="citation news cs1">Johnson, Phil (March 14, 2004). "Discs: Jazz—Miles Davis/Ascenseur Pour L'Echafaud (Fontana)". <a href="/wiki/Independent_on_Sunday" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent on Sunday">Independent on Sunday</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Independent+on+Sunday&rft.atitle=Discs%3A+Jazz%E2%80%94Miles+Davis%2FAscenseur+Pour+L%27Echafaud+%28Fontana%29&rft.date=2004-03-14&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Phil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDargis2005" class="citation news cs1">Dargis, Manohla (October 26, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/26/movies/film-within-a-film-in-60s-time-capsule-groovy.html">"Film Within a Film in 60's Time Capsule? Groovy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved October 14, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Film+Within+a+Film+in+60%27s+Time+Capsule%3F+Groovy&rft.date=2005-10-26&rft.aulast=Dargis&rft.aufirst=Manohla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F10%2F26%2Fmovies%2Ffilm-within-a-film-in-60s-time-capsule-groovy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinscott2016" class="citation journal cs1">Linscott, Charles "Chip" P. (2016). "In a (Not So) Silent Way: Listening Past Black Visuality in Symbiopsychotaxiplasm". Black Camera. 8 (1): 169–190. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2979%2Fblackcamera.8.1.0169">10.2979/blackcamera.8.1.0169</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:152125865">152125865</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Black+Camera&rft.atitle=In+a+%28Not+So%29+Silent+Way%3A+Listening+Past+Black+Visuality+in+Symbiopsychotaxiplasm&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=169-190&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2979%2Fblackcamera.8.1.0169&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A152125865%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Linscott&rft.aufirst=Charles+%22Chip%22+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Miles_Davis&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 31em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarr1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Carr" title="Ian Carr">Carr, Ian</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/milesdavisdefini0000carr">Miles Davis: The Definitive Biography</a>. Thunder's Mouth Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-560-25241-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-560-25241-2"><bdi>978-1-560-25241-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Miles+Davis%3A+The+Definitive+Biography&rft.pub=Thunder%27s+Mouth+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-560-25241-2&rft.aulast=Carr&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmilesdavisdefini0000carr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChambers1998" class="citation book cs1">Chambers, Jack (1998). Milestones: The Music and Times of Miles Davis. Da Capo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-80849-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-80849-4"><bdi>978-0-306-80849-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Milestones%3A+The+Music+and+Times+of+Miles+Davis&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-306-80849-4&rft.aulast=Chambers&rft.aufirst=Jack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristgau1997" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Christgau" title="Robert Christgau">Christgau, Robert</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.robertchristgau.com/xg/rock/davis-97.php">"Miles Davis' '70s: The Excitement! The Terror!"</a>. The Village Voice. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120127031737/http://www.robertchristgau.com/xg/rock/davis-97.php">Archived</a> from the original on January 27, 2012. Retrieved April 24, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Village+Voice&rft.atitle=Miles+Davis%27+%2770s%3A+The+Excitement%21+The+Terror%21&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Christgau&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.robertchristgau.com%2Fxg%2Frock%2Fdavis-97.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCole2005" class="citation book cs1">Cole, George (2005). The Last Miles: The Music of Miles Davis (1980–1991). Equinox Publishing Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84553-122-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84553-122-5"><bdi>978-1-84553-122-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Last+Miles%3A+The+Music+of+Miles+Davis+%281980%E2%80%931991%29&rft.pub=Equinox+Publishing+Ltd.&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-84553-122-5&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Cook_(journalist)" title="Richard Cook (journalist)">Cook, Richard</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/itsaboutthattime00cook">It's About That Time: Miles Davis On and Off Record</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-532266-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-532266-8"><bdi>978-0-19-532266-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=It%27s+About+That+Time%3A+Miles+Davis+On+and+Off+Record&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-532266-8&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fitsaboutthattime00cook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCookMorton1994" class="citation book cs1">Cook, Richard; <a href="/wiki/Brian_Morton_(Scottish_writer)" title="Brian Morton (Scottish writer)">Morton, Brian</a> (1994). <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Guide_to_Jazz" class="mw-redirect" title="Penguin Guide to Jazz">Penguin Guide to Jazz</a>. Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-140-17949-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-140-17949-1"><bdi>978-0-140-17949-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Penguin+Guide+to+Jazz&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-140-17949-1&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Morton%2C+Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavisSussman2006" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Gregory; Sussman, Les (2006). Dark Magus: The Jekyll and Hyde Life of Miles Davis. Hal Leonard. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-879-30875-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-879-30875-9"><bdi>978-0-879-30875-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dark+Magus%3A+The+Jekyll+and+Hyde+Life+of+Miles+Davis&rft.pub=Hal+Leonard&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-879-30875-9&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.au=Sussman%2C+Les&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavisTroupe1989" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Miles; Troupe, Quincy (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/milesautobiograp0000davi">Miles: The Autobiography</a>. Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-671-72582-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-671-72582-2"><bdi>978-0-671-72582-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Miles%3A+The+Autobiography&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-671-72582-2&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Miles&rft.au=Troupe%2C+Quincy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmilesautobiograp0000davi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavisSultanof2002" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Miles; Sultanof, Jeff (2002). Miles Davis – Birth of the Cool: Transcribed Score. Hal Leonard. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-634-00682-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-634-00682-1"><bdi>978-0-634-00682-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Miles+Davis+%E2%80%93+Birth+of+the+Cool%3A+Transcribed+Score&rft.pub=Hal+Leonard&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-634-00682-1&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Miles&rft.au=Sultanof%2C+Jeff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEarly2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Early" title="Gerald Early">Early, Gerald</a> (2001). Miles Davis and American Culture. Missouri History Museum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-883982-38-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-883982-38-6"><bdi>978-1-883982-38-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Miles+Davis+and+American+Culture&rft.pub=Missouri+History+Museum&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-883982-38-6&rft.aulast=Early&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEinarson2005" class="citation book cs1">Einarson, John (2005). Mr. Tambourine Man: The Life and Legacy of The Byrds' Gene Clark. Backbeat Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-879-30793-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-879-30793-6"><bdi>978-0-879-30793-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mr.+Tambourine+Man%3A+The+Life+and+Legacy+of+The+Byrds%27+Gene+Clark&rft.pub=Backbeat+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-879-30793-6&rft.aulast=Einarson&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreeman2005" class="citation book cs1">Freeman, Philip (2005). Running the Voodoo Down: The Electric Music of Miles Davis. Hal Leonard. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-617-74521-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-617-74521-8"><bdi>978-1-617-74521-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Running+the+Voodoo+Down%3A+The+Electric+Music+of+Miles+Davis&rft.pub=Hal+Leonard&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-617-74521-8&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGelbard2012" class="citation book cs1">Gelbard, Jo (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BdxYD5Jm8W4C&q=miles+davis+knights+of+malta+1988&pg=PA73">Miles and Jo: Love Story in Blue</a>. AuthorHouse. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-477-28957-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-477-28957-0"><bdi>978-1-477-28957-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170223145729/https://books.google.com/books?id=BdxYD5Jm8W4C&pg=PA73&lpg=PA73&dq=miles+davis+knights+of+malta+1988&source=bl&ots=XLd-sKd9t6&sig=Yq7pHXruAC5M9pjoYJbVcBcugNM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjp3rnE0abQAhXHJiYKHQtRDcMQ6AEIQDAG#v=onepage&q=miles%20davis%20knights%20of%20malta%201988&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on February 23, 2017. Retrieved November 13, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Miles+and+Jo%3A+Love+Story+in+Blue&rft.pub=AuthorHouse&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-477-28957-0&rft.aulast=Gelbard&rft.aufirst=Jo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBdxYD5Jm8W4C%26q%3Dmiles%2Bdavis%2Bknights%2Bof%2Bmalta%2B1988%26pg%3DPA73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahn2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Kahn" title="Ashley Kahn">Kahn, Ashley</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kindofblue00kahn">Kind of Blue: The Making of the Miles Davis Masterpiece</a>. Da Capo Press Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-81067-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-81067-1"><bdi>978-0-306-81067-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kind+of+Blue%3A+The+Making+of+the+Miles+Davis+Masterpiece&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press+Inc.&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-306-81067-1&rft.aulast=Kahn&rft.aufirst=Ashley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkindofblue00kahn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLees2001" class="citation book cs1">Lees, Gene (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/youcantstealgift0000lees">You Can't Steal a Gift: Dizzy, Clark, Milt, and Nat</a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-08965-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-08965-3"><bdi>978-0-300-08965-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=You+Can%27t+Steal+a+Gift%3A+Dizzy%2C+Clark%2C+Milt%2C+and+Nat&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-300-08965-3&rft.aulast=Lees&rft.aufirst=Gene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fyoucantstealgift0000lees&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCurdy2004" class="citation book cs1">McCurdy, Ronald C. (2004). Meet the Great Jazz Legends: Short Sessions on the Lives, Times & Music of the Great Jazz Legends. Alfred Music. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-457-41813-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-457-41813-6"><bdi>978-1-457-41813-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Meet+the+Great+Jazz+Legends%3A+Short+Sessions+on+the+Lives%2C+Times+%26+Music+of+the+Great+Jazz+Legends&rft.pub=Alfred+Music&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-457-41813-6&rft.aulast=McCurdy&rft.aufirst=Ronald+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorton2005" class="citation book cs1">Morton, Brian (2005). Miles Davis. Haus Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-904-34179-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-904-34179-6"><bdi>978-1-904-34179-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Miles+Davis&rft.pub=Haus+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-904-34179-6&rft.aulast=Morton&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNisenson1982" class="citation book cs1">Nisenson, Eric (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/roundaboutmidnig0000nise">'Round about Midnight: A Portrait of Miles Davis</a>. Da Capo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-80684-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-80684-1"><bdi>978-0-306-80684-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%27Round+about+Midnight%3A+A+Portrait+of+Miles+Davis&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-306-80684-1&rft.aulast=Nisenson&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Froundaboutmidnig0000nise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlsen2006" class="citation journal cs1">Olsen, Susan (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1179%2Fnam.2006.54.2.103">"Nicknames And Rememberance: Memorials To Woodlawn's Jazz Greats"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Names_(journal)" title="Names (journal)">Names</a>. 54 (2). Chico: <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>: 103–120. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1179%2Fnam.2006.54.2.103">10.1179/nam.2006.54.2.103</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191446083">191446083</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Names&rft.atitle=Nicknames+And+Rememberance%3A+Memorials+To+Woodlawn%27s+Jazz+Greats&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=103-120&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1179%2Fnam.2006.54.2.103&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A191446083%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Olsen&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1179%252Fnam.2006.54.2.103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrr2012" class="citation book cs1">Orr, Tamra (2012) [2001]. American Jazz: Miles Davis. Mitchell Lane Publishers, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-612283-41-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-612283-41-8"><bdi>978-1-612283-41-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Jazz%3A+Miles+Davis&rft.pub=Mitchell+Lane+Publishers%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-612283-41-8&rft.aulast=Orr&rft.aufirst=Tamra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source?</a>]</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzwed2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Szwed" title="John Szwed">Szwed, John</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sowhatlifeofmile00szwe">So What: The Life of Miles Davis</a>. Simon & Schuster. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sowhatlifeofmile00szwe/page/343">343</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-85983-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-85983-5"><bdi>978-0-684-85983-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=So+What%3A+The+Life+of+Miles+Davis&rft.pages=343&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-684-85983-5&rft.aulast=Szwed&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsowhatlifeofmile00szwe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTingen2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Tingen" title="Paul Tingen">Tingen, Paul</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/milesbeyondelect00ting">Miles Beyond: The Electric Explorations of Miles Davis, 1967–1991</a>. Billboard Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8230-8346-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8230-8346-6"><bdi>978-0-8230-8346-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191215064620/https://archive.org/details/milesbeyondelect00ting">Archived</a> from the original on December 15, 2019. Retrieved August 6, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Miles+Beyond%3A+The+Electric+Explorations+of+Miles+Davis%2C+1967%E2%80%931991&rft.pub=Billboard+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8230-8346-6&rft.aulast=Tingen&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmilesbeyondelect00ting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTroupe2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Quincy_Troupe" title="Quincy Troupe">Troupe, Quincy</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/milesme00trou">Miles and Me</a>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-23471-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-23471-0"><bdi>978-0-520-23471-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Miles+and+Me&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-520-23471-0&rft.aulast=Troupe&rft.aufirst=Quincy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmilesme00trou&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Complete_Illustrated_History2007" class="citation book cs1">Various (2012). Miles Davis: The Complete Illustrated History. Voyageur Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-4262-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-4262-6"><bdi>978-0-7603-4262-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Miles+Davis%3A+The+Complete+Illustrated+History&rft.pub=Voyageur+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-7603-4262-6&rft.au=Various&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaters2011" class="citation book cs1">Waters, Keith (2011). The Studio Recordings of the Miles Davis Quintet, 1965–68. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-539383-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-539383-5"><bdi>978-0-19-539383-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Studio+Recordings+of+the+Miles+Davis+Quintet%2C+1965%E2%80%9368&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-19-539383-5&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=Keith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2010" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Richard (2010). The Blue Moment: Miles Davis's Kind of Blue and the Remaking of Modern Music. Norton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-07663-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-07663-9"><bdi>978-0-393-07663-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Blue+Moment%3A+Miles+Davis%27s+Kind+of+Blue+and+the+Remaking+of+Modern+Music&rft.pub=Norton&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-393-07663-9&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYanow2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Scott_Yanow" title="Scott Yanow">Yanow, Scott</a> (2005). Jazz: A Regional Exploration. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-32871-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-32871-8"><bdi>978-0-313-32871-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jazz%3A+A+Regional+Exploration&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-313-32871-8&rft.aulast=Yanow&rft.aufirst=Scott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarner2014" class="citation book cs1">Warner, Jennifer (October 27, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z18XBQAAQBAJ&q=miles+davis+being+chased+by+kids&pg=PT7">Miles Davis: A Biography</a>. BookCaps Study Guides. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62917-393-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62917-393-1"><bdi>978-1-62917-393-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Miles+Davis%3A+A+Biography&rft.pub=BookCaps+Study+Guides&rft.date=2014-10-27&rft.isbn=978-1-62917-393-1&rft.aulast=Warner&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ18XBQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dmiles%2Bdavis%2Bbeing%2Bchased%2Bby%2Bkids%26pg%3DPT7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiles+Davis" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Miles_Davis&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about Miles Davis <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Miles+Davis">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Miles+Davis&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Miles Davis at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Miles_Davis" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Miles Davis">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" class="extiw" title="q:Miles Davis">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93341" class="extiw" title="d:Q93341">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.milesdavis.com">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93341#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060424082036/http://www.miles-davis.com/">Miles-Davis.com official Sony Music website</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived April 24, 2006)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/topic/person/miles-davis">Miles Davis</a> collected news and commentary at <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/miles-davis">Miles Davis</a> collected news and commentary at <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93341#P3106" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/artist/Miles+Davis">Miles Davis</a> discography at <a href="/wiki/Discogs" title="Discogs">Discogs</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0002537/">Miles Davis</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256394678">@media screen{.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-solo .navbox-title{background-color:#f0e68c}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-non-vocal .navbox-title{background-color:#f4bf92}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-non-perform .navbox-title{background-color:#bfe0bf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-group .navbox-title{background-color:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-cover .navbox-title{background-color:#d8bfd8}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-classical .navbox-title{background-color:#b0e0e6}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-temp .navbox-title{background-color:#d3d3d3}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}html.skin-theme-clienpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-title{background-color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clienpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-title{background-color:inherit}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox navbox-musical-artist navbox-musical-artist-non-vocal" aria-labelledby="Miles_Davis" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Miles_Davis" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Miles Davis</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_discography" title="Miles Davis discography">Discography</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks vcard navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prestige era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Sounds" title="The New Sounds">The New Sounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Man_with_a_Horn_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Young Man with a Horn (Miles Davis album)">Young Man with a Horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Period_(album)" title="Blue Period (album)">Blue Period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Compositions_of_Al_Cohn" title="The Compositions of Al Cohn">The Compositions of Al Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis,_Vol._2" title="Miles Davis, Vol. 2">Miles Davis, Volume 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis,_Vol._3" title="Miles Davis, Vol. 3">Miles Davis, Volume 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_Quartet_(album)" title="Miles Davis Quartet (album)">Miles Davis Quartet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_All_Star_Sextet" title="Miles Davis All Star Sextet">Miles Davis All Star Sextet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_Quintet_(album)" title="Miles Davis Quintet (album)">Miles Davis Quintet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_with_Sonny_Rollins" title="Miles Davis with Sonny Rollins">Miles Davis with Sonny Rollins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_All_Stars,_Volume_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Miles Davis All Stars, Volume 1">Miles Davis All Stars, Volume 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_All_Stars,_Volume_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Miles Davis All Stars, Volume 2">Miles Davis All Stars, Volume 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Musings_of_Miles" title="The Musings of Miles">The Musings of Miles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Moods" title="Blue Moods">Blue Moods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dig_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Dig (Miles Davis album)">Dig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles:_The_New_Miles_Davis_Quintet" title="Miles: The New Miles Davis Quintet">Miles: The New Miles Davis Quintet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintet/Sextet" title="Quintet/Sextet">Quintet/Sextet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectors%27_Items" title="Collectors' Items">Collectors' Items</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cookin%27_with_the_Miles_Davis_Quintet" title="Cookin' with the Miles Davis Quintet">Cookin' with the Miles Davis Quintet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bags%27_Groove" title="Bags' Groove">Bags' Groove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relaxin%27_with_the_Miles_Davis_Quintet" title="Relaxin' with the Miles Davis Quintet">Relaxin' with the Miles Davis Quintet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_and_the_Modern_Jazz_Giants" title="Miles Davis and the Modern Jazz Giants">Miles Davis and the Modern Jazz Giants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workin%27_with_the_Miles_Davis_Quintet" title="Workin' with the Miles Davis Quintet">Workin' with the Miles Davis Quintet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steamin%27_with_the_Miles_Davis_Quintet" title="Steamin' with the Miles Davis Quintet">Steamin' with the Miles Davis Quintet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Columbia era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%27Round_About_Midnight" title="'Round About Midnight">'Round About Midnight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Ahead_(album)" title="Miles Ahead (album)">Miles Ahead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milestones_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Milestones (Miles Davis album)">Milestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porgy_and_Bess_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Porgy and Bess (Miles Davis album)">Porgy and Bess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kind_of_Blue" title="Kind of Blue">Kind of Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Track" title="Jazz Track">Jazz Track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sketches_of_Spain" title="Sketches of Spain">Sketches of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Someday_My_Prince_Will_Come_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Someday My Prince Will Come (Miles Davis album)">Someday My Prince Will Come</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Steps_to_Heaven" title="Seven Steps to Heaven">Seven Steps to Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiet_Nights_(Miles_Davis_and_Gil_Evans_album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quiet Nights (Miles Davis and Gil Evans album)">Quiet Nights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.S.P._(Miles_Davis_album)" title="E.S.P. (Miles Davis album)">E.S.P.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Smiles" title="Miles Smiles">Miles Smiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorcerer_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Sorcerer (Miles Davis album)">Sorcerer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefertiti_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Nefertiti (Miles Davis album)">Nefertiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_in_the_Sky" title="Miles in the Sky">Miles in the Sky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filles_de_Kilimanjaro" title="Filles de Kilimanjaro">Filles de Kilimanjaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_a_Silent_Way" title="In a Silent Way">In a Silent Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitches_Brew" title="Bitches Brew">Bitches Brew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Johnson_(album)" title="Jack Johnson (album)">Jack Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live-Evil_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Live-Evil (Miles Davis album)">Live-Evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Corner" title="On the Corner">On the Corner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_with_the_Horn" title="The Man with the Horn">The Man with the Horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_People" title="Star People">Star People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decoy_(album)" title="Decoy (album)">Decoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/You%27re_Under_Arrest_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="You're Under Arrest (Miles Davis album)">You're Under Arrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aura_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Aura (Miles Davis album)">Aura</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Warner Bros. era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tutu_(album)" title="Tutu (album)">Tutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amandla_(album)" title="Amandla (album)">Amandla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doo-Bop" title="Doo-Bop">Doo-Bop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubberband_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Rubberband (Miles Davis album)">Rubberband</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soundtracks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascenseur_pour_l%27%C3%A9chafaud_(soundtrack)" title="Ascenseur pour l'échafaud (soundtrack)">Ascenseur pour l'échafaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Johnson_(album)" title="Jack Johnson (album)">Jack Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_from_Siesta" title="Music from Siesta">Music from Siesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hot_Spot#Soundtrack" title="The Hot Spot">The Hot Spot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingo_(soundtrack)" title="Dingo (soundtrack)">Dingo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live recordings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birdland_1951" title="Birdland 1951">Birdland 1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_at_Newport_1955%E2%80%931975:_The_Bootleg_Series_Vol._4" title="Miles Davis at Newport 1955–1975: The Bootleg Series Vol. 4">Miles Davis at Newport 1955–1975: The Bootleg Series Vol. 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_%26_Coltrane" title="Miles & Coltrane">Miles & Coltrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_Quintet_at_Peacock_Alley" title="Miles Davis Quintet at Peacock Alley">Miles Davis Quintet at Peacock Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_Concert" title="Amsterdam Concert">Amsterdam Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/At_Newport_1958" title="At Newport 1958">At Newport 1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_%26_Monk_at_Newport" title="Miles & Monk at Newport">Miles & Monk at Newport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_at_the_Plaza_Vol._I" title="Jazz at the Plaza Vol. I">Jazz at the Plaza Vol. I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_%26_John_Coltrane_The_Final_Tour:_The_Bootleg_Series,_Vol._6" class="mw-redirect" title="Miles Davis & John Coltrane The Final Tour: The Bootleg Series, Vol. 6">Miles Davis & John Coltrane The Final Tour: The Bootleg Series, Vol. 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_Person_Friday_and_Saturday_Nights_at_the_Blackhawk,_Complete" title="In Person Friday and Saturday Nights at the Blackhawk, Complete">In Person: At the Blackhawk, San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_at_Carnegie_Hall" title="Miles Davis at Carnegie Hall">Miles Davis at Carnegie Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_in_Europe" title="Miles Davis in Europe">Miles Davis in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_at_the_1963_Monterey_Jazz_Festival" title="Live at the 1963 Monterey Jazz Festival">Live at the 1963 Monterey Jazz Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Funny_Valentine:_Miles_Davis_in_Concert" title="My Funny Valentine: Miles Davis in Concert">My Funny Valentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_%26_More" title="Four & More">Four & More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_in_Tokyo" title="Miles in Tokyo">Miles in Tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_in_Berlin" title="Miles in Berlin">Miles in Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Live_at_the_Plugged_Nickel_1965" title="The Complete Live at the Plugged Nickel 1965">The Complete Live at the Plugged Nickel 1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_in_Europe_1967:_The_Bootleg_Series_Vol._1" title="Live in Europe 1967: The Bootleg Series Vol. 1">Live in Europe 1967: The Bootleg Series Vol. 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Miles:_Festiva_de_Juan_Pins" title="1969 Miles: Festiva de Juan Pins">1969 Miles – Festiva De Juan Pins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_in_Europe_1969:_The_Bootleg_Series_Vol._2" title="Live in Europe 1969: The Bootleg Series Vol. 2">Live in Europe 1969: The Bootleg Series Vol. 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_at_the_Fillmore_East,_March_7,_1970:_It%27s_About_That_Time" title="Live at the Fillmore East, March 7, 1970: It's About That Time">Live at the Fillmore East, March 7, 1970: It's About That Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitches_Brew_Live" title="Bitches Brew Live">Bitches Brew Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Beauty:_Miles_Davis_at_Fillmore_West" title="Black Beauty: Miles Davis at Fillmore West">Black Beauty: Miles Davis at Fillmore West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_at_Fillmore" title="Miles Davis at Fillmore">Miles Davis at Fillmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_at_the_Fillmore_%E2%80%93_Miles_Davis_1970:_The_Bootleg_Series_Vol._3" title="Miles at the Fillmore – Miles Davis 1970: The Bootleg Series Vol. 3">Miles at the Fillmore – Miles Davis 1970: The Bootleg Series Vol. 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cellar_Door_Sessions_1970" title="The Cellar Door Sessions 1970">The Cellar Door Sessions 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live-Evil_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Live-Evil (Miles Davis album)">Live-Evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_Concert_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="In Concert (Miles Davis album)">In Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Magus" title="Dark Magus">Dark Magus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agharta_(album)" title="Agharta (album)">Agharta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangaea_(album)" title="Pangaea (album)">Pangaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles!_Miles!_Miles!" title="Miles! Miles! Miles!">Miles! Miles! Miles!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Want_Miles" title="We Want Miles">We Want Miles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_Around_the_World_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Live Around the World (Miles Davis album)">Live Around the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merci_Miles!_Live_at_Vienne" title="Merci Miles! Live at Vienne">Merci Miles! Live at Vienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_%26_Quincy_Live_at_Montreux" title="Miles & Quincy Live at Montreux">Miles & Quincy Live at Montreux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compilations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_and_Horns" title="Miles Davis and Horns">Miles Davis and Horns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Haze" title="Blue Haze">Blue Haze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_of_the_Cool" title="Birth of the Cool">Birth of the Cool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkin%27" title="Walkin'">Walkin'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_Volume_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Miles Davis Volume 1">Miles Davis Volume 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_Volume_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Miles Davis Volume 2">Miles Davis Volume 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis%27_Greatest_Hits" title="Miles Davis' Greatest Hits">Miles Davis' Greatest Hits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_Miles:_The_Classic_Performances_of_Miles_Davis" title="Basic Miles: The Classic Performances of Miles Davis">Basic Miles: The Classic Performances of Miles Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Fun_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Big Fun (Miles Davis album)">Big Fun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_Up_with_It" title="Get Up with It">Get Up with It</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Babies_(album)" title="Water Babies (album)">Water Babies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_in_the_Round" title="Circle in the Round">Circle in the Round</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Miles" title="1958 Miles">1958 Miles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directions_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Directions (Miles Davis album)">Directions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Columbia_Years_1955%E2%80%931985" title="The Columbia Years 1955–1985">The Columbia Years 1955–1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_Songs_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Love Songs (Miles Davis album)">Love Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Hits_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Super Hits (Miles Davis album)">Super Hits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Essential_Miles_Davis" title="The Essential Miles Davis">The Essential Miles Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_Quintet:_Freedom_Jazz_Dance:_The_Bootleg_Series,_Vol._5" class="mw-redirect" title="Miles Davis Quintet: Freedom Jazz Dance: The Bootleg Series, Vol. 5">Miles Davis Quintet: Freedom Jazz Dance: The Bootleg Series, Vol. 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/That%E2%80%99s_What_Happened_1982-1985:_The_Bootleg_Series,_Vol._7" class="mw-redirect" title="That’s What Happened 1982-1985: The Bootleg Series, Vol. 7">That’s What Happened 1982-1985: The Bootleg Series, Vol. 7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Box sets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Columbia_Recordings_of_Miles_Davis_with_John_Coltrane" title="The Complete Columbia Recordings of Miles Davis with John Coltrane">The Complete Columbia Recordings of Miles Davis with John Coltrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_%26_Gil_Evans:_The_Complete_Columbia_Studio_Recordings" title="Miles Davis & Gil Evans: The Complete Columbia Studio Recordings">Miles Davis & Gil Evans: The Complete Columbia Studio Recordings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Steps:_The_Complete_Columbia_Recordings_of_Miles_Davis_1963%E2%80%931964" title="Seven Steps: The Complete Columbia Recordings of Miles Davis 1963–1964">Seven Steps: The Complete Columbia Recordings of Miles Davis 1963–1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Studio_Recordings_of_The_Miles_Davis_Quintet_1965%E2%80%931968" title="The Complete Studio Recordings of The Miles Davis Quintet 1965–1968">The Complete Studio Recordings of The Miles Davis Quintet 1965–1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_In_a_Silent_Way_Sessions" title="The Complete In a Silent Way Sessions">The Complete In a Silent Way Sessions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Bitches_Brew_Sessions" title="The Complete Bitches Brew Sessions">The Complete Bitches Brew Sessions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Jack_Johnson_Sessions" title="The Complete Jack Johnson Sessions">The Complete Jack Johnson Sessions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_On_the_Corner_Sessions" title="The Complete On the Corner Sessions">The Complete On the Corner Sessions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_Person_Friday_and_Saturday_Nights_at_the_Blackhawk,_Complete" title="In Person Friday and Saturday Nights at the Blackhawk, Complete">In Person Friday and Saturday Nights at the Blackhawk, Complete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Live_at_the_Plugged_Nickel_1965" title="The Complete Live at the Plugged Nickel 1965">The Complete Live at the Plugged Nickel 1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Miles_Davis_at_Montreux" title="The Complete Miles Davis at Montreux">The Complete Miles Davis at Montreux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cellar_Door_Sessions_1970" title="The Cellar Door Sessions 1970">The Cellar Door Sessions 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis:_The_Complete_Columbia_Album_Collection" title="Miles Davis: The Complete Columbia Album Collection">Miles Davis: The Complete Columbia Album Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Legendary_Prestige_Quintet_Sessions" title="The Legendary Prestige Quintet Sessions">The Legendary Prestige Quintet Sessions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronicle:_The_Complete_Prestige_Recordings_1951%E2%80%931956" title="Chronicle: The Complete Prestige Recordings 1951–1956">Chronicle: The Complete Prestige Recordings 1951–1956</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Remix albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panthalassa:_The_Music_of_Miles_Davis_1969%E2%80%931974" title="Panthalassa: The Music of Miles Davis 1969–1974">Panthalassa: The Music of Miles Davis 1969–1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panthalassa:_The_Remixes" title="Panthalassa: The Remixes">Panthalassa: The Remixes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_the_Groove" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolution of the Groove">Evolution of the Groove</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compositions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/All_Blues" title="All Blues">All Blues</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Blue_in_Green" title="Blue in Green">Blue in Green</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Boplicity" title="Boplicity">Boplicity</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Dig_(composition)" title="Dig (composition)">Dig</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Donna_Lee" title="Donna Lee">Donna Lee</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Four_(composition)" title="Four (composition)">Four</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Flamenco_Sketches" class="mw-redirect" title="Flamenco Sketches">Flamenco Sketches</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Freddie_Freeloader" title="Freddie Freeloader">Freddie Freeloader</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Joshua_(jazz_standard)" title="Joshua (jazz standard)">Joshua</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Milestones_(instrumental_composition)" title="Milestones (instrumental composition)">Milestones</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Nardis_(composition)" title="Nardis (composition)">Nardis</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Seven_Steps_to_Heaven_(composition)" title="Seven Steps to Heaven (composition)">Seven Steps to Heaven</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/So_What_(Miles_Davis_composition)" title="So What (Miles Davis composition)">So What</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Dewey_Davis_Jr." title="Miles Dewey Davis Jr.">Miles Dewey Davis Jr.</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis_Quintet" title="Miles Davis Quintet">Miles Davis Quintet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles:_The_Autobiography" title="Miles: The Autobiography">Miles: The Autobiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles!_The_Definitive_Miles_Davis_at_Montreux_DVD_Collection" title="Miles! The Definitive Miles Davis at Montreux DVD Collection">Miles! The Definitive Miles Davis at Montreux DVD Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/That%27s_What_Happened:_Live_in_Germany_1987" title="That's What Happened: Live in Germany 1987">That's What Happened: Live in Germany 1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_in_Munich_(Miles_Davis_album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Live in Munich (Miles Davis album)">Live in Munich</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_from_India" title="Miles from India">Miles from India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Different_Kind_of_Blue" title="A Different Kind of Blue">A Different Kind of Blue</a> (2004 documentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Ahead_(film)" title="Miles Ahead (film)">Miles Ahead</a> (2015 movie)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Miles_Davis" title="Category:Miles Davis">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_Miles_Davis" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_Miles_Davis" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Awards for Miles Davis</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="AACTA_Award_for_Best_Original_Music_Score" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #DECD87"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:AACTA_Award_Best_Music_Score" title="Template:AACTA Award Best Music Score"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:AACTA_Award_Best_Music_Score" title="Template talk:AACTA Award Best Music Score"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:AACTA_Award_Best_Music_Score" title="Special:EditPage/Template:AACTA Award Best Music Score"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="AACTA_Award_for_Best_Original_Music_Score" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/AACTA_Award_for_Best_Original_Music_Score" title="AACTA Award for Best Original Music Score">AACTA Award for Best Original Music Score</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DECD87;width:1%">1975–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Cars_That_Ate_Paris" title="The Cars That Ate Paris">The Cars That Ate Paris</a> and The Great McCarthy – <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Smeaton" title="Bruce Smeaton">Bruce Smeaton</a> (1975)</li> <li>No Award (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Picture_Show_Man" title="The Picture Show Man">The Picture Show Man</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Best_(composer)" title="Peter Best (composer)">Peter Best</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Chant_of_Jimmie_Blacksmith_(film)" title="The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith (film)">The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Smeaton" title="Bruce Smeaton">Bruce Smeaton</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mad_Max_(film)" title="Mad Max (film)">Mad Max</a> – <a href="/wiki/Brian_May_(Australian_composer)" title="Brian May (Australian composer)">Brian May</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganinnie" title="Manganinnie">Manganinnie</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Sculthorpe" title="Peter Sculthorpe">Peter Sculthorpe</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatty_Finn_(film)" title="Fatty Finn (film)">Fatty Finn</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rory_O%27Donoghue" title="Rory O'Donoghue">Rory O'Donoghue</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grahame_Bond" title="Grahame Bond">Grahame Bond</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_from_Snowy_River_(1982_film)" title="The Man from Snowy River (1982 film)">The Man from Snowy River</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Rowland" title="Bruce Rowland">Bruce Rowland</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phar_Lap_(film)" title="Phar Lap (film)">Phar Lap</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Rowland" title="Bruce Rowland">Bruce Rowland</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_Hero" title="Street Hero">Street Hero</a> – <a href="/wiki/Garth_Porter" title="Garth Porter">Garth Porter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Smeaton" title="Bruce Smeaton">Bruce Smeaton</a> (1984)</li> <li>Rebel – Ray Cook, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Neal_(songwriter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chris Neal (songwriter)">Chris Neal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Best_(composer)" title="Peter Best (composer)">Peter Best</a>, Billy Byers, <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Rowland" title="Bruce Rowland">Bruce Rowland</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Einstein" title="Young Einstein">Young Einstein</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Motzing" title="William Motzing">William Motzing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Armiger" title="Martin Armiger">Martin Armiger</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_Ruby_Rose" title="The Tale of Ruby Rose">The Tale of Ruby Rose</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sch%C3%BCtze" title="Paul Schütze">Paul Schütze</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lighthorsemen_(film)" title="The Lighthorsemen (film)">The Lighthorsemen</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mario_Millo" title="Mario Millo">Mario Millo</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Calm_(film)" title="Dead Calm (film)">Dead Calm</a> – <a href="/wiki/Graeme_Revell" title="Graeme Revell">Graeme Revell</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Steal_(1990_film)" title="The Big Steal (1990 film)">The Big Steal</a> – <a href="/wiki/Phil_Judd" title="Phil Judd">Phil Judd</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingo_(film)" title="Dingo (film)">Dingo</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michel_Legrand" title="Michel Legrand">Michel Legrand</a> and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Miles Davis</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romper_Stomper" title="Romper Stomper">Romper Stomper</a> – John Clifford White (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Piano" title="The Piano">The Piano</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Nyman" title="Michael Nyman">Michael Nyman</a> (1993)</li> <li>Traps – Douglas Stephen Rae (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Sorrento" title="Hotel Sorrento">Hotel Sorrento</a> – Nerida Tyson-Chew (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shine_(film)" title="Shine (film)">Shine</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_Hirschfelder" title="David Hirschfelder">David Hirschfelder</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doing_Time_for_Patsy_Cline" title="Doing Time for Patsy Cline">Doing Time for Patsy Cline</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Best_(composer)" title="Peter Best (composer)">Peter Best</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_and_Lucinda_(film)" title="Oscar and Lucinda (film)">Oscar and Lucinda</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Newman" title="Thomas Newman">Thomas Newman</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_a_Savage_Land" title="In a Savage Land">In a Savage Land</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_Bridie" title="David Bridie">David Bridie</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bootmen" title="Bootmen">Bootmen</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cezary_Skubiszewski" title="Cezary Skubiszewski">Cezary Skubiszewski</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DECD87;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Dish" title="The Dish">The Dish</a> – Edmund Choi (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit-Proof_Fence" title="Rabbit-Proof Fence">Rabbit-Proof Fence</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gabriel" title="Peter Gabriel">Peter Gabriel</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Story" title="Japanese Story">Japanese Story</a> – Elizabeth Drake (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somersault_(film)" title="Somersault (film)">Somersault</a> – <a href="/wiki/Decoder_Ring" title="Decoder Ring">Decoder Ring</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Proposition_(2005_film)" title="The Proposition (2005 film)">The Proposition</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nick_Cave" title="Nick Cave">Nick Cave</a> and <a href="/wiki/Warren_Ellis_(musician)" title="Warren Ellis (musician)">Warren Ellis</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Mayhem" title="Suburban Mayhem">Suburban Mayhem</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mick_Harvey" title="Mick Harvey">Mick Harvey</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Home_Song_Stories" title="The Home Song Stories">The Home Song Stories</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antony_Partos" title="Antony Partos">Antony Partos</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unfinished_Sky" title="Unfinished Sky">Unfinished Sky</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antony_Partos" title="Antony Partos">Antony Partos</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao%27s_Last_Dancer_(film)" title="Mao's Last Dancer (film)">Mao's Last Dancer</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Gordon_(composer)" title="Christopher Gordon (composer)">Christopher Gordon</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Kingdom_(film)" title="Animal Kingdom (film)">Animal Kingdom</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antony_Partos" title="Antony Partos">Antony Partos</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam_Petty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sam Petty (page does not exist)">Sam Petty</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hunter_(2011_Australian_film)" title="The Hunter (2011 Australian film)">The Hunter</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lancaster" title="Andrew Lancaster">Andrew Lancaster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lira" title="Michael Lira">Michael Lira</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matteo_Zingales" title="Matteo Zingales">Matteo Zingales</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Not_Suitable_for_Children" title="Not Suitable for Children">Not Suitable for Children</a> – <a href="/wiki/Matteo_Zingales" title="Matteo Zingales">Matteo Zingales</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jono_Ma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jono Ma (page does not exist)">Jono Ma</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby_(2013_film)" title="The Great Gatsby (2013 film)">The Great Gatsby</a> – <a href="/wiki/Craig_Armstrong_(composer)" title="Craig Armstrong (composer)">Craig Armstrong</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Railway_Man_(film)" title="The Railway Man (film)">The Railwayman</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_Hirschfelder" title="David Hirschfelder">David Hirschfelder</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mad_Max:_Fury_Road" title="Mad Max: Fury Road">Mad Max: Fury Road</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tom_Holkenborg" title="Tom Holkenborg">Tom Holkenborg</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanna_(film)" title="Tanna (film)">Tanna</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antony_Partos" title="Antony Partos">Antony Partos</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_(2016_film)" title="Lion (2016 film)">Lion</a> – <a href="/wiki/Volker_Bertelmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Volker Bertelmann">Volker Bertelmann</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dustin_O%27Halloran" title="Dustin O'Halloran">Dustin O'Halloran</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladies_in_Black_(film)" title="Ladies in Black (film)">Ladies in Black</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Gordon_(composer)" title="Christopher Gordon (composer)">Christopher Gordon</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_and_Punch" title="Judy and Punch">Judy and Punch</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_T%C3%A9taz" title="François Tétaz">François Tétaz</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babyteeth_(film)" title="Babyteeth (film)">Babyteeth</a> - <a href="/wiki/Amanda_Brown_(musician)" title="Amanda Brown (musician)">Amanda Brown</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_Again" title="June Again">June Again</a> - <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Gordon_(composer)" title="Christopher Gordon (composer)">Christopher Gordon</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falling_for_Figaro" title="Falling for Figaro">Falling for Figaro</a> - <a href="/wiki/Cezary_Skubiszewski" title="Cezary Skubiszewski">Cezary Skubiszewski</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Template:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Template talk:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award">Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1963–1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1963 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a></li></ul></li> <li>1965 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a></li></ul></li> <li>1966 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington" title="Duke Ellington">Duke Ellington</a></li></ul></li> <li>1967 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a></li></ul></li> <li>1968 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin">Irving Berlin</a></li></ul></li> <li>1971 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a></li></ul></li> <li>1972 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahalia_Jackson" title="Mahalia Jackson">Mahalia Jackson</a></li></ul></li> <li>1984 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Berry" title="Chuck Berry">Chuck Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Parker" title="Charlie Parker">Charlie Parker</a></li></ul></li> <li>1985 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a></li></ul></li> <li>1986 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Goodman" title="Benny Goodman">Benny Goodman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">The Rolling Stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Segovia" title="Andrés Segovia">Andrés Segovia</a></li></ul></li> <li>1987 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Acuff" title="Roy Acuff">Roy Acuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Carter" title="Benny Carter">Benny Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Caruso" title="Enrico Caruso">Enrico Caruso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fats_Domino" title="Fats Domino">Fats Domino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Herman" title="Woody Herman">Woody Herman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday">Billie Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B.B._King" class="mw-redirect" title="B.B. King">B.B. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Stern" title="Isaac Stern">Isaac Stern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Igor Stravinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Toscanini" title="Arturo Toscanini">Arturo Toscanini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Williams" title="Hank Williams">Hank Williams</a></li></ul></li> <li>1989 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Casals" title="Pablo Casals">Pablo Casals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">Dizzy Gillespie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jascha_Heifetz" title="Jascha Heifetz">Jascha Heifetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lena_Horne" title="Lena Horne">Lena Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontyne_Price" title="Leontyne Price">Leontyne Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Smith" title="Bessie Smith">Bessie Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Tatum" title="Art Tatum">Art Tatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Vaughan" title="Sarah Vaughan">Sarah Vaughan</a></li></ul></li> <li>1990 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nat_King_Cole" title="Nat King Cole">Nat King Cole</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Miles Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Horowitz" title="Vladimir Horowitz">Vladimir Horowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1991–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1991 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitty_Wells" title="Kitty Wells">Kitty Wells</a></li></ul></li> <li>1992 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Brown" title="James Brown">James Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Coltrane" title="John Coltrane">John Coltrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix" title="Jimi Hendrix">Jimi Hendrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muddy_Waters" title="Muddy Waters">Muddy Waters</a></li></ul></li> <li>1993 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chet_Atkins" title="Chet Atkins">Chet Atkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Richard" title="Little Richard">Little Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelonious_Monk" title="Thelonious Monk">Thelonious Monk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Monroe" title="Bill Monroe">Bill Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger">Pete Seeger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fats_Waller" title="Fats Waller">Fats Waller</a></li></ul></li> <li>1994 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Evans" title="Bill Evans">Bill Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rubinstein" title="Arthur Rubinstein">Arthur Rubinstein</a></li></ul></li> <li>1995 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patsy_Cline" title="Patsy Cline">Patsy Cline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Lee" title="Peggy Lee">Peggy Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Mancini" title="Henry Mancini">Henry Mancini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Mayfield" title="Curtis Mayfield">Curtis Mayfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a></li></ul></li> <li>1996 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Brubeck" title="Dave Brubeck">Dave Brubeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Gaye" title="Marvin Gaye">Marvin Gaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Solti" title="Georg Solti">Georg Solti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a></li></ul></li> <li>1997 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Bland" title="Bobby Bland">Bobby "Blue" Bland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Everly_Brothers" title="The Everly Brothers">The Everly Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Grappelli" title="Stéphane Grappelli">Stéphane Grappelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Holly" title="Buddy Holly">Buddy Holly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Mingus" title="Charles Mingus">Charles Mingus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Peterson" title="Oscar Peterson">Oscar Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa">Frank Zappa</a></li></ul></li> <li>1998 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Diddley" title="Bo Diddley">Bo Diddley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mills_Brothers" title="The Mills Brothers">The Mills Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Orbison" title="Roy Orbison">Roy Orbison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Robeson" title="Paul Robeson">Paul Robeson</a></li></ul></li> <li>1999 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Cooke" title="Sam Cooke">Sam Cooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otis_Redding" title="Otis Redding">Otis Redding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smokey_Robinson" title="Smokey Robinson">Smokey Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Torm%C3%A9" title="Mel Tormé">Mel Tormé</a></li></ul></li> <li>2000 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Belafonte" title="Harry Belafonte">Harry Belafonte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Guthrie" title="Woody Guthrie">Woody Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lee_Hooker" title="John Lee Hooker">John Lee Hooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitch_Miller" title="Mitch Miller">Mitch Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Nelson" title="Willie Nelson">Willie Nelson</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2001–2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2001 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Beach_Boys" title="The Beach Boys">The Beach Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Bennett" title="Tony Bennett">Tony Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammy_Davis_Jr." title="Sammy Davis Jr.">Sammy Davis Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Marley" title="Bob Marley">Bob Marley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Who" title="The Who">The Who</a></li></ul></li> <li>2002 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Count_Basie" title="Count Basie">Count Basie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Clooney" title="Rosemary Clooney">Rosemary Clooney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Como" title="Perry Como">Perry Como</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Green" title="Al Green">Al Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joni_Mitchell" title="Joni Mitchell">Joni Mitchell</a></li></ul></li> <li>2003 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Etta_James" title="Etta James">Etta James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mathis" title="Johnny Mathis">Johnny Mathis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Miller" title="Glenn Miller">Glenn Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito_Puente" title="Tito Puente">Tito Puente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Garfunkel" title="Simon & Garfunkel">Simon & Garfunkel</a></li></ul></li> <li>2004 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Van_Cliburn" title="Van Cliburn">Van Cliburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Funk_Brothers" title="The Funk Brothers">The Funk Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Jenkins" title="Ella Jenkins">Ella Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonny_Rollins" title="Sonny Rollins">Sonny Rollins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artie_Shaw" title="Artie Shaw">Artie Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doc_Watson" title="Doc Watson">Doc Watson</a></li></ul></li> <li>2005 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Arnold" title="Eddy Arnold">Eddy Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Blakey" title="Art Blakey">Art Blakey</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Carter_Family" title="Carter Family">Carter Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton_Gould" title="Morton Gould">Morton Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janis_Joplin" title="Janis Joplin">Janis Joplin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Led_Zeppelin" title="Led Zeppelin">Led Zeppelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lee_Lewis" title="Jerry Lee Lewis">Jerry Lee Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jelly_Roll_Morton" title="Jelly Roll Morton">Jelly Roll Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinetop_Perkins" title="Pinetop Perkins">Pinetop Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Staple_Singers" title="The Staple Singers">The Staple Singers</a></li></ul></li> <li>2006 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cream_(band)" title="Cream (band)">Cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merle_Haggard" title="Merle Haggard">Merle Haggard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Johnson" title="Robert Johnson">Robert Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessye_Norman" title="Jessye Norman">Jessye Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Pryor" title="Richard Pryor">Richard Pryor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Weavers" title="The Weavers">The Weavers</a></li></ul></li> <li>2007 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Baez" title="Joan Baez">Joan Baez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._%26_the_M.G.%27s" title="Booker T. & the M.G.'s">Booker T. & the M.G.'s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Callas" title="Maria Callas">Maria Callas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornette_Coleman" title="Ornette Coleman">Ornette Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Doors" title="The Doors">The Doors</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Grateful_Dead" title="Grateful Dead">Grateful Dead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Wills" title="Bob Wills">Bob Wills</a></li></ul></li> <li>2008 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Bacharach" title="Burt Bacharach">Burt Bacharach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Band" title="The Band">The Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cab_Calloway" title="Cab Calloway">Cab Calloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Day" title="Doris Day">Doris Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itzhak_Perlman" title="Itzhak Perlman">Itzhak Perlman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Roach" title="Max Roach">Max Roach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Scruggs" title="Earl Scruggs">Earl Scruggs</a></li></ul></li> <li>2009 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Autry" title="Gene Autry">Gene Autry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Blind_Boys_of_Alabama" title="The Blind Boys of Alabama">The Blind Boys of Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Tops" title="Four Tops">The Four Tops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Jones" title="Hank Jones">Hank Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Lee" title="Brenda Lee">Brenda Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Martin" title="Dean Martin">Dean Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Paxton" title="Tom Paxton">Tom Paxton</a></li></ul></li> <li>2010 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Cohen" title="Leonard Cohen">Leonard Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Darin" title="Bobby Darin">Bobby Darin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_%22Honeyboy%22_Edwards" title="David "Honeyboy" Edwards">David "Honeyboy" Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Lynn" title="Loretta Lynn">Loretta Lynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Previn" title="André Previn">André Previn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_Terry" title="Clark Terry">Clark Terry</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2011–2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2011 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Andrews" title="Julie Andrews">Julie Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Haynes" title="Roy Haynes">Roy Haynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juilliard_String_Quartet" title="Juilliard String Quartet">Juilliard String Quartet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kingston_Trio" title="The Kingston Trio">The Kingston Trio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolly_Parton" title="Dolly Parton">Dolly Parton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramones" title="Ramones">Ramones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Beverly_Shea" title="George Beverly Shea">George Beverly Shea</a></li></ul></li> <li>2012 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Allman_Brothers_Band" title="The Allman Brothers Band">The Allman Brothers Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Campbell" title="Glen Campbell">Glen Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Carlos_Jobim" title="Antônio Carlos Jobim">Antônio Carlos Jobim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jones" title="George Jones">George Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Memphis_Horns" title="The Memphis Horns">The Memphis Horns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Ross" title="Diana Ross">Diana Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Scott-Heron" title="Gil Scott-Heron">Gil Scott-Heron</a></li></ul></li> <li>2013 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Gould" title="Glenn Gould">Glenn Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Haden" title="Charlie Haden">Charlie Haden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightnin%27_Hopkins" title="Lightnin' Hopkins">Lightnin' Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carole_King" title="Carole King">Carole King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patti_Page" title="Patti Page">Patti Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar" title="Ravi Shankar">Ravi Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Temptations" title="The Temptations">The Temptations</a></li></ul></li> <li>2014 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifton_Chenier" title="Clifton Chenier">Clifton Chenier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Isley_Brothers" title="The Isley Brothers">The Isley Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraftwerk" title="Kraftwerk">Kraftwerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kris_Kristofferson" title="Kris Kristofferson">Kris Kristofferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armando_Manzanero" title="Armando Manzanero">Armando Manzanero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maud_Powell" title="Maud Powell">Maud Powell</a></li></ul></li> <li>2015 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bee_Gees" title="Bee Gees">Bee Gees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Pierre Boulez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Guy" title="Buddy Guy">Buddy Guy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaco_Jim%C3%A9nez" title="Flaco Jiménez">Flaco Jiménez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Louvin_Brothers" title="The Louvin Brothers">The Louvin Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Shorter" title="Wayne Shorter">Wayne Shorter</a></li></ul></li> <li>2016 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Brown" title="Ruth Brown">Ruth Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celia_Cruz" title="Celia Cruz">Celia Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire" title="Earth, Wind & Fire">Earth, Wind & Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbie_Hancock" title="Herbie Hancock">Herbie Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Airplane" title="Jefferson Airplane">Jefferson Airplane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Ronstadt" title="Linda Ronstadt">Linda Ronstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Run-DMC" title="Run-DMC">Run-DMC</a></li></ul></li> <li>2017 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Caesar" title="Shirley Caesar">Shirley Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Jamal" title="Ahmad Jamal">Ahmad Jamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charley_Pride" title="Charley Pride">Charley Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmie_Rodgers_(country_singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimmie Rodgers (country singer)">Jimmie Rodgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nina_Simone" title="Nina Simone">Nina Simone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sly_Stone" title="Sly Stone">Sly Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Velvet_Underground" title="The Velvet Underground">The Velvet Underground</a></li></ul></li> <li>2018 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Blaine" title="Hal Blaine">Hal Blaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Diamond" title="Neil Diamond">Neil Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmylou_Harris" title="Emmylou Harris">Emmylou Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Jordan" title="Louis Jordan">Louis Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Meters" title="The Meters">The Meters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_(band)" title="Queen (band)">Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner">Tina Turner</a></li></ul></li> <li>2019 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sabbath" title="Black Sabbath">Black Sabbath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(funk_musician)" title="George Clinton (funk musician)">George Clinton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parliament-Funkadelic" title="Parliament-Funkadelic">Parliament-Funkadelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Eckstine" title="Billy Eckstine">Billy Eckstine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donny_Hathaway" title="Donny Hathaway">Donny Hathaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julio_Iglesias" title="Julio Iglesias">Julio Iglesias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_%26_Dave" title="Sam & Dave">Sam & Dave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionne_Warwick" title="Dionne Warwick">Dionne Warwick</a></li></ul></li> <li>2020 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_(band)" title="Chicago (band)">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberta_Flack" title="Roberta Flack">Roberta Flack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Hayes" title="Isaac Hayes">Isaac Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iggy_Pop" title="Iggy Pop">Iggy Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Prine" title="John Prine">John Prine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Enemy" title="Public Enemy">Public Enemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Rosetta_Tharpe" title="Sister Rosetta Tharpe">Sister Rosetta Tharpe</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2021–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2021 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grandmaster_Flash_and_the_Furious_Five" title="Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five">Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Hampton" title="Lionel Hampton">Lionel Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Horne" title="Marilyn Horne">Marilyn Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt-N-Pepa" title="Salt-N-Pepa">Salt-N-Pepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selena" title="Selena">Selena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talking_Heads" title="Talking Heads">Talking Heads</a></li></ul></li> <li>2022 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Raitt" title="Bonnie Raitt">Bonnie Raitt</a></li></ul></li> <li>2023 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_McFerrin" title="Bobby McFerrin">Bobby McFerrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirvana_(band)" title="Nirvana (band)">Nirvana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Rainey" title="Ma Rainey">Ma Rainey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slick_Rick" title="Slick Rick">Slick Rick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nile_Rodgers" title="Nile Rodgers">Nile Rodgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Supremes" title="The Supremes">The Supremes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Wilson" title="Ann Wilson">Ann Wilson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Wilson_(rock_musician)" title="Nancy Wilson (rock musician)">Nancy Wilson</a></li></ul></li> <li>2024 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Anderson" title="Laurie Anderson">Laurie Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Clark_Sisters" title="The Clark Sisters">The Clark Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladys_Knight" title="Gladys Knight">Gladys Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N.W.A" title="N.W.A">N.W.A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Summer" title="Donna Summer">Donna Summer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tammy_Wynette" title="Tammy Wynette">Tammy Wynette</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Léonie_Sonning_Music_Prize_Laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:L%C3%A9onie_Sonning_Music_Prize_laureates" title="Template:Léonie Sonning Music Prize laureates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:L%C3%A9onie_Sonning_Music_Prize_laureates" title="Template talk:Léonie Sonning Music Prize laureates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:L%C3%A9onie_Sonning_Music_Prize_laureates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Léonie Sonning Music Prize laureates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Léonie_Sonning_Music_Prize_Laureates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9onie_Sonning_Music_Prize" title="Léonie Sonning Music Prize">Léonie Sonning Music Prize Laureates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Igor Stravinsky</a> (1959)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birgit_Nilsson" title="Birgit Nilsson">Birgit Nilsson</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witold_Lutos%C5%82awski" title="Witold Lutosławski">Witold Lutosławski</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Britten" title="Benjamin Britten">Benjamin Britten</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Christoff" title="Boris Christoff">Boris Christoff</a> (1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergiu_Celibidache" title="Sergiu Celibidache">Sergiu Celibidache</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rubinstein" title="Arthur Rubinstein">Arthur Rubinstein</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yehudi_Menuhin" title="Yehudi Menuhin">Yehudi Menuhin</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Shostakovich" title="Dmitri Shostakovich">Dmitri Shostakovich</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Segovia" title="Andrés Segovia">Andrés Segovia</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_Fischer-Dieskau" title="Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau">Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogens_W%C3%B6ldike" title="Mogens Wöldike">Mogens Wöldike</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Messiaen" title="Olivier Messiaen">Olivier Messiaen</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Rampal" title="Jean-Pierre Rampal">Jean-Pierre Rampal</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Baker" title="Janet Baker">Janet Baker</a> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Claire_Alain" title="Marie-Claire Alain">Marie-Claire Alain</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mstislav_Rostropovich" title="Mstislav Rostropovich">Mstislav Rostropovich</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Stern" title="Isaac Stern">Isaac Stern</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Kubel%C3%ADk" title="Rafael Kubelík">Rafael Kubelík</a> (1983)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Miles Davis</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Pierre Boulez</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sviatoslav_Richter" title="Sviatoslav Richter">Sviatoslav Richter</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinz_Holliger" title="Heinz Holliger">Heinz Holliger</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Schreier" title="Peter Schreier">Peter Schreier</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gidon_Kremer" title="Gidon Kremer">Gidon Kremer</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Ligeti" title="György Ligeti">György Ligeti</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Ericson" title="Eric Ericson">Eric Ericson</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Solti" title="Georg Solti">Georg Solti</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Harnoncourt" title="Nikolaus Harnoncourt">Nikolaus Harnoncourt</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krystian_Zimerman" title="Krystian Zimerman">Krystian Zimerman</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Bashmet" title="Yuri Bashmet">Yuri Bashmet</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Per_N%C3%B8rg%C3%A5rd" title="Per Nørgård">Per Nørgård</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A1s_Schiff" title="András Schiff">András Schiff</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_Behrens" title="Hildegard Behrens">Hildegard Behrens</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofia_Gubaidulina" title="Sofia Gubaidulina">Sofia Gubaidulina</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michala_Petri" title="Michala Petri">Michala Petri</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne-Sophie_Mutter" title="Anne-Sophie Mutter">Anne-Sophie Mutter</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Brendel" title="Alfred Brendel">Alfred Brendel</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Kurt%C3%A1g" title="György Kurtág">György Kurtág</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Jarrett" title="Keith Jarrett">Keith Jarrett</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Eliot_Gardiner" title="John Eliot Gardiner">John Eliot Gardiner</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yo-Yo_Ma" title="Yo-Yo Ma">Yo-Yo Ma</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Ulrik_Mortensen" title="Lars Ulrik Mortensen">Lars Ulrik Mortensen</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvo_P%C3%A4rt" title="Arvo Pärt">Arvo Pärt</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Barenboim" title="Daniel Barenboim">Daniel Barenboim</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Bartoli" title="Cecilia Bartoli">Cecilia Bartoli</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaija_Saariaho" title="Kaija Saariaho">Kaija Saariaho</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordi_Savall" title="Jordi Savall">Jordi Savall</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Rattle" title="Simon Rattle">Simon Rattle</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Fr%C3%B6st" title="Martin Fröst">Martin Fröst</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ad%C3%A8s" title="Thomas Adès">Thomas Adès</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Blomstedt" title="Herbert Blomstedt">Herbert Blomstedt</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonidas_Kavakos" title="Leonidas Kavakos">Leonidas Kavakos</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariss_Jansons" title="Mariss Jansons">Mariss Jansons</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Abrahamsen" title="Hans Abrahamsen">Hans Abrahamsen</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Hannigan" title="Barbara Hannigan">Barbara Hannigan</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsuk_Chin" title="Unsuk Chin">Unsuk Chin</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Laurent_Aimard" title="Pierre-Laurent Aimard">Pierre-Laurent Aimard</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Glennie" title="Evelyn Glennie">Evelyn Glennie</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Pahud" title="Emmanuel Pahud">Emmanuel Pahud</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Jazz_Artist" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Jazz_Artist" title="Template:NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Jazz Artist"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Jazz_Artist" title="Template talk:NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Jazz Artist"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Jazz_Artist" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Jazz Artist"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Jazz_Artist" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Jazz_Artist" title="NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Jazz Artist">NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Jazz Artist</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Count_Basie" title="Count Basie">Count Basie</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Jarreau" title="Al Jarreau">Al Jarreau</a> (1983)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Miles Davis</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a> (1988)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Miles Davis</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Cole" title="Natalie Cole">Natalie Cole</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wynton_Marsalis" title="Wynton Marsalis">Wynton Marsalis</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenny_G" title="Kenny G">Kenny G</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenny_G" title="Kenny G">Kenny G</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lena_Horne" title="Lena Horne">Lena Horne</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Washington,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Grover Washington, Jr.">Grover Washington, Jr.</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Cole" title="Natalie Cole">Natalie Cole</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsey_Lewis" title="Ramsey Lewis">Ramsey Lewis</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Wilson_(singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nancy Wilson (singer)">Nancy Wilson</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najee" title="Najee">Najee</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladys_Knight" title="Gladys Knight">Gladys Knight</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Jordan" title="Stanley Jordan">Stanley Jordan</a> (2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_–_Class_of_2006" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2006_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:2006 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2006_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:2006 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2006_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2006 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_–_Class_of_2006" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_inductees" title="List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees">Class of 2006</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Performers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sabbath" title="Black Sabbath">Black Sabbath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geezer_Butler" title="Geezer Butler">Geezer Butler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tony_Iommi" title="Tony Iommi">Tony Iommi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ozzy_Osbourne" title="Ozzy Osbourne">Ozzy Osbourne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Ward_(musician)" title="Bill Ward (musician)">Bill Ward</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blondie_(band)" title="Blondie (band)">Blondie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clem_Burke" title="Clem Burke">Clem Burke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Destri" title="Jimmy Destri">Jimmy Destri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Harrison" title="Nigel Harrison">Nigel Harrison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Debbie_Harry" title="Debbie Harry">Debbie Harry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Infante" title="Frank Infante">Frank Infante</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Stein" title="Chris Stein">Chris Stein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Lachman" title="Gary Lachman">Gary Valentine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Miles Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynyrd_Skynyrd" title="Lynyrd Skynyrd">Lynyrd Skynyrd</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Burns_(drummer)" title="Bob Burns (drummer)">Bob Burns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allen_Collins" title="Allen Collins">Allen Collins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Gaines" title="Steve Gaines">Steve Gaines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ed_King" title="Ed King">Ed King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billy_Powell" title="Billy Powell">Billy Powell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artimus_Pyle" title="Artimus Pyle">Artimus Pyle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Rossington" title="Gary Rossington">Gary Rossington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Van_Zant" title="Ronnie Van Zant">Ronnie Van Zant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leon_Wilkeson" title="Leon Wilkeson">Leon Wilkeson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_Pistols" title="Sex Pistols">Sex Pistols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Cook" title="Paul Cook">Paul Cook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jones_(musician)" title="Steve Jones (musician)">Steve Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glen_Matlock" title="Glen Matlock">Glen Matlock</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Lydon" title="John Lydon">Johnny Rotten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sid_Vicious" title="Sid Vicious">Sid Vicious</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lifetime achievement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herb_Alpert" title="Herb Alpert">Herb Alpert</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Moss" title="Jerry Moss">Jerry Moss</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_Book_Awards_winners_(1980–1999)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_Book_Awards" title="Template:American Book Awards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_Book_Awards" title="Template talk:American Book Awards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_Book_Awards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American Book Awards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_Book_Awards_winners_(1980–1999)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_Book_Awards" title="American Book Awards">American Book Awards</a> winners (1980–1999)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Woolf" title="Douglas Woolf">Douglas Woolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Dorn" title="Ed Dorn">Edward Dorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayne_Cortez" title="Jayne Cortez">Jayne Cortez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Marmon_Silko" title="Leslie Marmon Silko">Leslie Marmon Silko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mei-mei_Berssenbrugge" title="Mei-mei Berssenbrugge">Mei-mei Berssenbrugge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Murayama" title="Milton Murayama">Milton Murayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_Troupe" title="Quincy Troupe">Quincy Troupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolfo_Anaya" title="Rudolfo Anaya">Rudolfo Anaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alta_(poet)" title="Alta (poet)">Alta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Chong_Lau" title="Alan Chong Lau">Alan Chong Lau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bienvenido_N._Santos" class="mw-redirect" title="Bienvenido N. Santos">Bienvenido N. Santos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Adam" title="Helen Adam">Helen Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lionel_Mitchell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lionel Mitchell (page does not exist)">Lionel Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Algar%C3%ADn" title="Miguel Algarín">Miguel Algarín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholasa_Mohr" title="Nicholasa Mohr">Nicholasa Mohr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Blue_Cloud" title="Peter Blue Cloud">Peter Blue Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kelly_(poet)" title="Robert Kelly (poet)">Robert Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rose_Drachler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rose Drachler (page does not exist)">Rose Drachler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Howe" title="Susan Howe">Susan Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Cade_Bambara" title="Toni Cade Bambara">Toni Cade Bambara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1982</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Young" title="Al Young">Al Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duane_Niatum" title="Duane Niatum">Duane Niatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._L._Mayo" title="E. L. Mayo">E. L. Mayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Chin" title="Frank Chin">Frank Chin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilton_Obenzinger" title="Hilton Obenzinger">Hilton Obenzinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Him_Mark_Lai" title="Him Mark Lai">Him Mark Lai</a> / <a href="/wiki/Genny_Lim" title="Genny Lim">Genny Lim</a> / <a href="/wiki/Judy_Yung" title="Judy Yung">Judy Yung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Rothenberg" title="Jerome Rothenberg">Jerome Rothenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Carol_Thomas" title="Joyce Carol Thomas">Joyce Carol Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leroy_Quintana" title="Leroy Quintana">Leroy Quintana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorna_Dee_Cervantes" title="Lorna Dee Cervantes">Lorna Dee Cervantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Phillip_Tanaka" title="Ronald Phillip Tanaka">Ronald Phillip Tanaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Banks" title="Russell Banks">Russell Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tato_Laviera" title="Tato Laviera">Tato Laviera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1983</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Christian" title="Barbara Christian">Barbara Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cecilia_Liang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cecilia Liang (page does not exist)">Cecilia Liang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelina_Vigil-Pi%C3%B1%C3%B3n" title="Evangelina Vigil-Piñón">Evangelina Vigil-Piñón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Rohmer" title="Harriet Rohmer">Harriet Rohmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Houston" title="James D. Houston">James D. Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Tarahata_Hagedorn" class="mw-redirect" title="Jessica Tarahata Hagedorn">Jessica Tarahata Hagedorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Williams" title="John A. Williams">John A. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Kogawa" title="Joy Kogawa">Joy Kogawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Grahn" title="Judy Grahn">Judy Grahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nash_Candelaria" title="Nash Candelaria">Nash Candelaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Guralnick" title="Peter Guralnick">Peter Guralnick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_%C3%93_Tuama" title="Seán Ó Tuama">Seán Ó Tuama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1984</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Brown_(writer)" title="Cecil Brown (writer)">Cecil Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Snyder" title="Gary Snyder">Gary Snyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Schwartz_(writer_and_editor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Howard Schwartz (writer and editor)">Howard Schwartz</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Mark_Podwal" title="Mark Podwal">Mark Podwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamu_Amiri_Baraka" class="mw-redirect" title="Imamu Amiri Baraka">Imamu Amiri Baraka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Col%C3%B3n" title="Jesús Colón">Jesús Colón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bruchac" title="Joseph Bruchac">Joseph Bruchac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Kenny" title="Maurice Kenny">Maurice Kenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mei-mei_Berssenbrugge" title="Mei-mei Berssenbrugge">Mei-mei Berssenbrugge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min%C3%A9_Okubo" title="Miné Okubo">Miné Okubo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paule_Marshall" title="Paule Marshall">Paule Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthanne_Lum_McCunn" title="Ruthanne Lum McCunn">Ruthanne Lum McCunn</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=You-shan_Tang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="You-shan Tang (page does not exist)">You-shan Tang</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellen_Lai-shan_Yeung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ellen Lai-shan Yeung (page does not exist)">Ellen Lai-shan Yeung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McGrath_(poet)" title="Thomas McGrath (poet)">Thomas McGrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkatesh_Kulkarni" title="Venkatesh Kulkarni">Venkatesh Kulkarni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Kennedy_(author)" title="William Kennedy (author)">William J. Kennedy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1985</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Jackson" title="Angela Jackson">Angela Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Genthe" title="Arnold Genthe">Arnold Genthe</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Kuo_Wei_Tchen" title="John Kuo Wei Tchen">John Kuo Wei Tchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colleen_J._McElroy" title="Colleen J. McElroy">Colleen J. McElroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Soto" title="Gary Soto">Gary Soto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Irons" title="Peter Irons">Peter Irons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keiho_Soga" title="Keiho Soga">Keiho Soga</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taisanboku_Mori&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taisanboku Mori (page does not exist)">Taisanboku Mori</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sojin_Takei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sojin Takei (page does not exist)">Sojin Takei</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muin_Ozaki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muin Ozaki (page does not exist)">Muin Ozaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Erdrich" title="Louise Erdrich">Louise Erdrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maureen_Owen" title="Maureen Owen">Maureen Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_Sarton" title="May Sarton">May Sarton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Duncan_(poet)" title="Robert Duncan (poet)">Robert Edward Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Jones_(teacher)" title="Ron Jones (teacher)">Ron Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Cisneros" title="Sandra Cisneros">Sandra Cisneros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sanchez" title="Sonia Sanchez">Sonia Sanchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Vinograd" title="Julia Vinograd">Julia Vinograd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Oandasan" title="William Oandasan">William Oandasan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Lee_Walters" title="Anna Lee Walters">Anna Lee Walters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherr%C3%ADe_Moraga" title="Cherríe Moraga">Cherríe Moraga</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gloria_E._Anzald%C3%BAa" class="mw-redirect" title="Gloria E. Anzaldúa">Gloria E. Anzaldúa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Barolini" title="Helen Barolini">Helen Barolini</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeff_Hannusch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeff Hannusch (page does not exist)">Jeff Hannusch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Hogan_(writer)" title="Linda Hogan (writer)">Linda Hogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Algar%C3%ADn" title="Miguel Algarín">Miguel Algarín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natasha_Borovsky" title="Natasha Borovsky">Natasha Borovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Federman" title="Raymond Federman">Raymond Federman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Howe" title="Susan Howe">Susan Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_Winch" title="Terence Winch">Terence Winch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toshio_Mori" title="Toshio Mori">Toshio Mori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1987</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ai_(poet)" title="Ai (poet)">Ai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ana_Castillo" title="Ana Castillo">Ana Castillo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyn_Zarco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyn Zarco (page does not exist)">Cyn Zarco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_McGuire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel McGuire (page does not exist)">Daniel McGuire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Bryant" title="Dorothy Bryant">Dorothy Bryant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etheridge_Knight" title="Etheridge Knight">Etheridge Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Giddins" title="Gary Giddins">Gary Giddins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Pekar" title="Harvey Pekar">Harvey Pekar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Welch_(writer)" title="James Welch (writer)">James Welch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wieners" title="John Wieners">John Wieners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Felipe_Herrera" title="Juan Felipe Herrera">Juan Felipe Herrera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucia_Chiavola_Birnbaum" title="Lucia Chiavola Birnbaum">Lucia Chiavola Birnbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Mayo_(poet)" title="Michael Mayo (poet)">Michael Mayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septima_Poinsette_Clark" title="Septima Poinsette Clark">Septima Poinsette Clark</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Stokes_Brown" title="Cynthia Stokes Brown">Cynthia Stokes Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_McMillan" title="Terry McMillan">Terry McMillan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1988</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allison_Blakely" title="Allison Blakely">Allison Blakely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Olson" title="Charles Olson">Charles Olson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_Bates_(civil_rights_activist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daisy Bates (civil rights activist)">Daisy Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Halberstam" title="David Halberstam">David Halberstam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Sanders" title="Ed Sanders">Edward Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Vizenor" title="Gerald Vizenor">Gerald Vizenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Santiago_Baca" title="Jimmy Santiago Baca">Jimmy Santiago Baca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesho_Y._Scott" title="Kesho Y. Scott">Kesho Y. Scott</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cherry_Muhanji" title="Cherry Muhanji">Cherry Muhanji</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Egyirba_High&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egyirba High (page does not exist)">Egyirba High</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marlon_K._Hom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marlon K. Hom (page does not exist)">Marlon K. Hom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Hoff" title="Benjamin Hoff">Benjamin Hoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Sukenick" title="Ronald Sukenick">Ronald Sukenick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvatore_La_Puma" title="Salvatore La Puma">Salvatore La Puma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wing_Tek_Lum" title="Wing Tek Lum">Wing Tek Lum</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tek_Lum_Lum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tek Lum Lum (page does not exist)">Tek Lum Lum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1989</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alma_Luz_Villanueva" title="Alma Luz Villanueva">Alma Luz Villanueva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Askia_M._Tour%C3%A9" title="Askia M. Touré">Askia M. Touré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audre_Lorde" title="Audre Lorde">Audre Lorde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Lau" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolyn Lau">Carolyn Lau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emory_Elliott" title="Emory Elliott">Emory Elliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Galeano" title="Eduardo Galeano">Eduardo Galeano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Chin" title="Frank Chin">Frank Chin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Louis_Gates" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Louis Gates">Henry Louis Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Allende" title="Isabel Allende">Isabel Allende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._California_Cooper" title="J. California Cooper">J. California Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jennifer_Stone_(writer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jennifer Stone (writer) (page does not exist)">Jennifer Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Gattuso_Hendin" title="Josephine Gattuso Hendin">Josephine Gattuso Hendin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Scalapino" title="Leslie Scalapino">Leslie Scalapino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuntaro_Tanikawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuntaro Tanikawa">Shuntaro Tanikawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fanning" title="Charles Fanning">Charles Fanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Minoru_Hohri" class="mw-redirect" title="William Minoru Hohri">William Minoru Hohri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrienne_Kennedy" title="Adrienne Kennedy">Adrienne Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Grizzuti_Harrison" title="Barbara Grizzuti Harrison">Barbara Grizzuti Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniela_Gioseffi" title="Daniela Gioseffi">Daniela Gioseffi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Woody" title="Elizabeth Woody">Elizabeth Woody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hualing_Nieh_Engle" title="Hualing Nieh Engle">Hualing Nieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itabari_Njeri" title="Itabari Njeri">Itabari Njeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Freeman" title="James M. Freeman">James M. Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Walter" title="John C. Walter">John C. Walter</a> / <a href="/wiki/J._Raymond_Jones" title="J. Raymond Jones">J. Raymond Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Norton_(author)" title="John Norton (author)">John Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Emilio_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="José Emilio González">José Emilio González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Kan" title="Sergei Kan">Sergei Kan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_A._Thompson" title="Lloyd A. Thompson">Lloyd A. Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bernal" title="Martin Bernal">Martin Bernal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_T._Clinton" title="Michelle T. Clinton">Michelle T. Clinton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sesshu_Foster" title="Sesshu Foster">Sesshu Foster</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Miles Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paula_Gunn_Allen" title="Paula Gunn Allen">Paula Gunn Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Geok-lin_Lim" title="Shirley Geok-lin Lim">Shirley Geok-lin Lim</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayumi_Tsutakawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mayumi Tsutakawa (page does not exist)">Mayumi Tsutakawa</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Margarita_Donnelly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margarita Donnelly (page does not exist)">Margarita Donnelly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Murgu%C3%ADa" title="Alejandro Murguía">Alejandro Murguía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_hooks" title="Bell hooks">bell hooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_M._Wright" title="Bruce M. Wright">Bruce Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charley_Trujillo" title="Charley Trujillo">Charley Trujillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._H._Melhem" title="D. H. Melhem">D. H. Melhem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Keenan" title="Deborah Keenan">Deborah Keenan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Hagedorn" title="Jessica Hagedorn">Jessica Hagedorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Edgar_Wideman" title="John Edgar Wideman">John Edgar Wideman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Harjo" title="Joy Harjo">Joy Harjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Tei_Yamashita" title="Karen Tei Yamashita">Karen Tei Yamashita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucia_Berlin" title="Lucia Berlin">Lucia Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Crow_Dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Crow Dog">Mary Crow Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridel_Le_Sueur" title="Meridel Le Sueur">Meridel Le Sueur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mill_Hunk_Herald_Collective&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mill Hunk Herald Collective (page does not exist)">Mill Hunk Herald Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nora_Marks_Dauenhauer" title="Nora Marks Dauenhauer">Nora Marks Dauenhauer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dauenhauer" title="Richard Dauenhauer">Richard Dauenhauer</a></li> <li>R. Baxter Miller</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Centolella" title="Thomas Centolella">Thomas Centolella</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1992</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%27Lelia_Bundles" title="A'Lelia Bundles">A'Lelia Perry Bundles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Spiegelman" title="Art Spiegelman">Art Spiegelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Alire_S%C3%A1enz" title="Benjamin Alire Sáenz">Benjamin Alire Sáenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_J._Haraway" class="mw-redirect" title="Donna J. Haraway">Donna J. Haraway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritjof_Capra" title="Fritjof Capra">Fritjof Capra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Burciaga" title="José Antonio Burciaga">José Antonio Burciaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Gilyard" title="Keith Gilyard">Keith Gilyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Thompson" title="Lucy Thompson">Lucy Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norma_Field" title="Norma Field">Norma Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Bacho" title="Peter Bacho">Peter Bacho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kalifornsky" title="Peter Kalifornsky">Peter Kalifornsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Andrews" title="Raymond Andrews">Raymond Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Scofield" title="Sandra Scofield">Sandra Scofield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Hamanaka" title="Sheila Hamanaka">Sheila Hamanaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verlyn_Klinkenborg" title="Verlyn Klinkenborg">Verlyn Klinkenborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Branch" title="William B. Branch">William B. Branch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Amiri_Baraka" title="Amiri Baraka">Amiri Baraka</a> / <a href="/wiki/August_Wilson" title="August Wilson">August Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asake_Bomani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asake Bomani (page does not exist)">Asake Bomani</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Belvie_Rooks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belvie Rooks (page does not exist)">Belvie Rooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Mogil" title="Christopher Mogil">Christopher Mogil</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Woodrow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Woodrow (page does not exist)">Peter Woodrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">Cornel West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denise_Giardina" title="Denise Giardina">Denise Giardina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Glancy" title="Diane Glancy">Diane Glancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_B._Redmond" title="Eugene B. Redmond">Eugene B. Redmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_X._Alarc%C3%B3n" title="Francisco X. Alarcón">Francisco X. Alarcón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Graff" title="Gerald Graff">Gerald Graff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Beatty" title="Jack Beatty">Jack Beatty</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leroy_V._Quintana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leroy V. Quintana (page does not exist)">Leroy V. Quintana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katherine_Peter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katherine Peter (page does not exist)">Katherine Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_George" title="Nelson George">Nelson George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninotchka_Rosca" title="Ninotchka Rosca">Ninotchka Rosca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giose_Rimanelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giose Rimanelli (page does not exist)">Giose Rimanelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Drooker" title="Eric Drooker">Eric Drooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graciela_Lim%C3%B3n" title="Graciela Limón">Graciela Limón</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_J._Reed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gregory J. Reed (page does not exist)">Gregory J. Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Campbell_Hale" title="Janet Campbell Hale">Janet Campbell Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Nelson" title="Jill Nelson">Jill Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawson_Fusao_Inada" title="Lawson Fusao Inada">Lawson Fusao Inada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Blackman" title="Nicole Blackman">Nicole Blackman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gilroy" title="Paul Gilroy">Paul Gilroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Takaki" title="Ronald Takaki">Ronald Takaki</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rose_L._Glickman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rose L. Glickman (page does not exist)">Rose L. Glickman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tino_Villanueva" title="Tino Villanueva">Tino Villanueva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_L._Kroll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virginia L. Kroll (page does not exist)">Virginia L. Kroll</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Rodriguez_(novelist)" title="Abraham Rodriguez (novelist)">Abraham Rodriguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herb_Boyd" title="Herb Boyd">Herb Boyd</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Allen" title="Robert L. Allen">Robert L. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denise_Chavez" class="mw-redirect" title="Denise Chavez">Denise Chavez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Egerton_(journalist)" title="John Egerton (journalist)">John Egerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ross_(activist)" title="John Ross (activist)">John Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Avena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Avena (page does not exist)">Thomas Avena</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linda_Raymond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linda Raymond (page does not exist)">Linda Raymond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li-Young_Lee" title="Li-Young Lee">Li-Young Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marianna_De_Marco_Torgovnick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marianna De Marco Torgovnick (page does not exist)">Marianna De Marco Torgovnick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marnie_Mueller" title="Marnie Mueller">Marnie Mueller</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Quinn_(author)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Quinn (author) (page does not exist)">Peter Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandra_Martz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sandra Martz (page does not exist)">Sandra Martz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Henry_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Gordon Henry Jr.">Gordon Henry Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricia_Rose" title="Tricia Rose">Tricia Rose</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agate_Nesaule" title="Agate Nesaule">Agate Nesaule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sze" title="Arthur Sze">Arthur Sze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang-Rae_Lee" title="Chang-Rae Lee">Chang-Rae Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitra_Banerjee_Divakaruni" title="Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni">Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.J._Miller_Laino" class="mw-redirect" title="E.J. Miller Laino">E.J. Miller Laino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_C._Loury" class="mw-redirect" title="Glenn C. Loury">Glenn C. Loury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Loewen" title="James W. Loewen">James W. Loewen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Sacco" title="Joe Sacco">Joe Sacco</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Said" title="Edward Said">Edward Said</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimiko_Hahn" title="Kimiko Hahn">Kimiko Hahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Espinosa" title="Maria Espinosa">Maria Espinosa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Viscusi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Viscusi (page does not exist)">Robert Viscusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Alexie" title="Sherman Alexie">Sherman Alexie</a></li> <li>Ron Sakolsky / <a href="/wiki/Fred_Weihan_Ho" class="mw-redirect" title="Fred Weihan Ho">Fred Weihan Ho</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephanie_Cowell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephanie Cowell (page does not exist)">Stephanie Cowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Gass" title="William H. Gass">William H. Gass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1997</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alurista" title="Alurista">Alurista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derrick_Bell" title="Derrick Bell">Derrick Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Barresi" title="Dorothy Barresi">Dorothy Barresi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_G%C3%B3mez-Pe%C3%B1a" title="Guillermo Gómez-Peña">Guillermo Gómez-Peña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Owens" title="Louis Owens">Louis Owens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Espada" title="Martín Espada">Martín Espada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montserrat_Fontes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montserrat Fontes (page does not exist)">Montserrat Fontes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noel_Ignatiev" title="Noel Ignatiev">Noel Ignatiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Geok-lin_Lim" title="Shirley Geok-lin Lim">Shirley Geok-lin Lim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunaina_Maira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sunaina Maira (page does not exist)">Sunaina Maira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thulani_Davis" title="Thulani Davis">Thulani Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_De_Haven" title="Tom De Haven">Tom De Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_M._Banks_(author)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William M. Banks (author) (page does not exist)">William M. Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brenda_Knight&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brenda Knight (page does not exist)">Brenda Knight</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allison_Adelle_Hedge_Coke" class="mw-redirect" title="Allison Adelle Hedge Coke">Allison Adelle Hedge Coke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Y._Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Angela Y. Davis">Angela Y. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Marie_Osbey" title="Brenda Marie Osbey">Brenda Marie Osbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_DeLillo" title="Don DeLillo">Don DeLillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Barnes_(writer)" title="Jim Barnes (writer)">Jim Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Williams" title="John A. Williams">John A. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Rawles" title="Nancy Rawles">Nancy Rawles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nora_Okja_Keller" title="Nora Okja Keller">Nora Okja Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Benitez" title="Sandra Benitez">Sandra Benitez</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scott_DeVeaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scott DeVeaux (page does not exist)">Scott DeVeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lynch_(poet)" title="Thomas Lynch (poet)">Thomas Lynch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alice_McDermott" title="Alice McDermott">Alice McDermott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Linzer" title="Anna Linzer">Anna Linzer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brian_Ward_(author)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brian Ward (author) (page does not exist)">Brian Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiori_Santiago&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chiori Santiago (page does not exist)">Chiori Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Donald_Two-Rivers" title="E. Donald Two-Rivers">E. Donald Two-Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwidge_Danticat" title="Edwidge Danticat">Edwidge Danticat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Roche" title="Judith Roche">Judith Roche</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meg_McHutchison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meg McHutchison (page does not exist)">Meg McHutchison</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gioia_Timpanelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gioia Timpanelli (page does not exist)">Gioia Timpanelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Naylor" title="Gloria Naylor">Gloria Naylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Houston" title="James D. Houston">James D. Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerry_Lipka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jerry Lipka (page does not exist)">Jerry Lipka</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerald_V._Mohatt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerald V. Mohatt (page does not exist)">Gerald V. Mohatt</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciulistet_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ciulistet Group (page does not exist)">Ciulistet Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trey_Ellis" title="Trey Ellis">Trey Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josip_Novakovich" title="Josip Novakovich">Josip Novakovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauro_Flores" class="mw-redirect" title="Lauro Flores">Lauro Flores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Alberto_Urrea" class="mw-redirect" title="Luís Alberto Urrea">Luís Alberto Urrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_George" title="Nelson George">Nelson George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speer_Morgan" title="Speer Morgan">Speer Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Gach" title="Gary Gach">Gary Gach</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiori_Santiago&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chiori Santiago (page does not exist)">Chiori Santiago</a> / <a href="/wiki/Judith_Lowry" title="Judith Lowry">Judith Lowry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/7px-GClef.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/10px-GClef.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/14px-GClef.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="41" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Music" title="Portal:Music">Music</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Saxo_Boca1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saxo_Boca1.JPG/18px-Saxo_Boca1.JPG" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saxo_Boca1.JPG/28px-Saxo_Boca1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saxo_Boca1.JPG/36px-Saxo_Boca1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="230" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Jazz" title="Portal:Jazz">Jazz</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93341#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93341#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93341#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000012144707X">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/97762193">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/12094/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgHgCKJYFHypjdXmCyKh3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118524046">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50035608">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13893030g">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13893030g">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00465359">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV104564">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35321971">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ola2002153733&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1406127">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p073925691">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90133058">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000068072&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000068538&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000617170">Chile</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200303188">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/jgvxz06240nq05s">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810673367005606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007260362105171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000186241">Finland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058511795606706">Catalonia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14022788">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA04282742?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500353255">ULAN</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/561d854a-6a28-4aa7-8c99-323e6ce46c2a">MusicBrainz</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/121619">RKD Artists</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/artists/miles-davis/11305">Grammy Awards</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/911157">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118524046.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118524046">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027601781">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w68k7wq0">SNAC</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/41021672">RISM</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miles_Davis&oldid=1258337603">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miles_Davis&oldid=1258337603</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Miles_Davis" title="Category:Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1926_births" title="Category:1926 births">1926 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1991_deaths" title="Category:1991 deaths">1991 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_male_musicians" title="Category:20th-century American male musicians">20th-century American male musicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_jazz_composers" title="Category:20th-century American jazz composers">20th-century American jazz composers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_trumpeters" title="Category:20th-century American trumpeters">20th-century American trumpeters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:ACT_Music_artists" title="Category:ACT Music artists">ACT Music 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