CINXE.COM
View source for March 13 - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>View source for March 13 - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )simplewikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":true,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"b7dc409f-a956-4dd2-b62b-71c93155a791","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"March_13","wgTitle":"March 13","wgCurRevisionId":9079792,"wgRevisionId":0,"wgArticleId":9871,"wgIsArticle":false,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"edit","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":[],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"March_13","wgRelevantArticleId":9871,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr", "pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.charinsert.styles" :"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.edit.collapsibleFooter","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.charinsert","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.charinsert.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow,max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="View source for March 13 - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_13"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="change this page" href="/w/index.php?title=March_13&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//simple.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_13"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.simple"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-March_13 rootpage-March_13 skin-vector-2022 action-edit"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Getting around </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_start" title="About the project, what you can do, where to find things"><span>Simple start</span></a></li><li id="n-Simple-talk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_talk"><span>Simple talk</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="The list of new changes in the wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>New changes</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Show any page [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Show any page</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="The place to get help"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us"><span>Contact us</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-simple.svg" width="101" height="18" style="width: 6.3125em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_simple.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Give to Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=March+13&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=March+13&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_simple.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Give to Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=March+13&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=March+13&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about changes from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">View source for March 13</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/March_13" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Page</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:March_13&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussion about the content page (not yet started) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/March_13"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=March_13&veaction=edit" title="Edit this page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Change</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="selected collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=March_13&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page"><span>Change source</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=March_13&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/March_13"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=March_13&veaction=edit" title="Edit this page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Change</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="selected collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=March_13&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Change source</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=March_13&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/March_13" title="A list of all wiki pages that link here [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/March_13" rel="nofollow" title="New changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=March_13&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DMarch_13%26action%3Dedit"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DMarch_13%26action%3Dedit"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2400" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">← <a href="/wiki/March_13" title="March 13">March 13</a></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><p>You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: </p> <div class="permissions-errors"><div class="mw-permissionerror-globalblocking-blockedtext-range"> <table style="margin: 0 2%; padding: 0 7px 7px 7px; background: #ccccc; border: black solid; 2px solid #999999; text-align: left; width: 96%;"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="width:100%; margin:auto; text-align:center;"><div style="font-size:140%;"><b>You currently can not change pages on Wikipedia.</b></div></div> <p>The ability to change pages <b>on all <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_wikis" class="extiw" title="m:Wikimedia wikis">Wikimedia wikis</a></b> has been <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocks_and_bans" title="Wikipedia:Blocks and bans">removed</a> from this account, <a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP address</a> or IP address range by <a href="/wiki/User:Jon_Kolbert" title="User:Jon Kolbert">Jon Kolbert</a>. The following reason(s) were given for this block:<br clear="all" /> </p> <div style="margin:1em; padding:5px; border:3px #666 double;"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/NOP" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/NOP">Open proxy/Webhost</a>: See the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WM:OP/H" class="extiw" title="m:WM:OP/H">help page</a> if you are affected </div> Your IP address is <b>8.222.208.146</b>. This block began on 15:12, 27 August 2023 and has been set to finish on: <b>15:12, 27 August 2028</b>.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div style="text-align: center;"><big> </big><p><big><b>You are not blocked from reading pages, only from changing or creating them.</b></big><br /> If you have just clicked a <span style="color:#BA0000; text-decoration:underline;">red link</span>, you were blocked from creating a new page as no article on that topic is there yet. </p> </div> If you think you were not blocked fairly, you may make unblock requests or file appeals at <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Global" class="extiw" title="meta:Steward requests/Global">meta:Steward requests/Global</a>.</div></div><hr /> <p>You can view and copy the source of this page. </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="en" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">{{calendar}} {{day}} == Events == === Up to 1900 === * [[483]] – [[Pope Felix III|St. Felix]] becomes [[Pope]]. * [[874]] – The bones of [[Saint Nicephorus]] are interred in the Church of the Apostles, [[Constantinople]]. * [[1138]] – Cardinal Gregory is elected [[Antipope|anti-pope]] as [[Antipope Victor IV (1138)|Victor IV]], succeeding [[Antipope Anacletus II|Anacletus II]]. * [[1639]] – [[Harvard College]] was named for clergyman [[John Harvard (clergyman)|John Harvard]]. * [[1781]] – [[William Herschel]] discovers the [[planet]] [[Uranus (planet)|Uranus]]. * [[1809]] - [[Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden]] is deposed in a coup d'état. * [[1848]] - The March [[Revolution]] in [[Vienna]] begins. * [[1862]] – [[American Civil War]]:the US federal government forbids all Union army officers from returning fugitive slaves, thus effectively annulling the [[Fugitive Slave Law of 1850]] and setting the stage for the [[Emancipation Proclamation]]. * [[1865]] – American Civil War: The [[Confederate States of America]] reluctantly agrees to the use of [[African American]] troops. * [[1881]] – [[Alexander II of Russia]] is killed near his palace when a bomb is thrown at him. (Gregorian date: it was [[1 March]] in the Julian calendar then in use in Russia.) * [[1884]] – The siege of [[Khartoum]], [[Sudan]] begins (ends on [[January 26]], [[1885]]). * [[1897]] – [[San Diego State University]] founded. * [[1900]] – [[Second Boer War]]: [[United Kingdom|British]] forces occupy [[Bloemfontein]], [[Orange Free State]]. * [[1900]] – In France, length of a workday for women and children is limited to 11 hours by law. === 1901 {{ndash}} 2000 === * [[1920]] - The "Wolfgang Kapp Putsch" briefly ousts the [[Weimar Republic]] [[government]] from [[Berlin]]. * [[1921]] – [[Mongolia]], under ''[[Roman Ungern von Sternberg|Black Baron]]'', declares its independence from [[China]]. * [[1925]] – [[Scopes Trial]]: A law in [[Tennessee]] prohibits the teaching of [[evolution]]. * [[1933]] – [[Great Depression]]: Banks in the [[United States]] begin to re-open after the Presidentially mandated "bank holiday". * [[1940]] – [[Winter War]] ended. * [[1943]] – [[World War II]]: In [[Bougainville]], [[Japan]]ese troops end their assault on [[United States|American]] forces at Hill 700. * [[1943]] – [[Holocaust]]: [[Nazi Germany|German]] forces liquidate the Jewish ghetto in [[Kraków]]. * [[1954]] – [[Battle of Dien Bien Phu]]: [[Viet Minh]] forces attack the [[France|French]]. * [[1957]] – The [[FBI]] arrests [[Jimmy Hoffa]] and charges him with [[bribery]]. * [[1964]] – A young woman, [[Kitty Genovese]], is murdered in front of multiple witnesses who all fail to help her, in an incident which shocks the world and prompts investigation into the [[Bystander effect]]. * [[1969]] – [[Apollo program]]: [[Apollo 9]] returns safely to [[Earth]] after testing the [[Lunar Module]]. * [[1971]] – In [[New York City]], [[Rock and roll|Rock]] group [[The Allman Brothers Band]] record a concert that will be released as their classic [[live album]] ''[[At Fillmore East]]'' * [[1979]] – The [[New Jewel Movement]], headed by [[Maurice Bishop]], ousts [[List of Prime Ministers of Grenada|Prime Minister]] [[Eric Gairy]] in a nearly bloodless [[coup d'état]] in [[Grenada]]. * [[1988]] – The [[Seikan Tunnel]], the longest undersea [[tunnel]] in world, is opened, connecting [[Aomori]] and [[Hakodate]] in [[Japan]]. * [[1988]] – [[I. King Jordan]] becomes the first Deaf president of [[Gallaudet University]] after the [[Deaf President Now]] demonstrations. * [[1990]] - [[Ertha Pascal-Trouillot]] becomes the first female [[President]] of [[Haiti]]. * [[1991]] – The [[United States Department of Justice|United States Justice Department]] announces that [[Exxon]] has agreed to pay $1 billion for the clean-up of the [[Exxon Valdez oil spill]] in [[Alaska]]. * [[1992]] – In eastern [[Turkey]], an [[earthquake]] registering 6.8 on the [[Richter scale]] kills over 500. * [[1993]] – The [[Great Blizzard of 1993]] strikes the eastern U.S., bringing record snowfall and other severe weather all the way from [[Cuba]] to [[Québec]]. * [[1996]] – [[Dunblane massacre|The Dunblane Massacre]]: In [[Dunblane]], [[Scotland]], 16 children and 1 adult teacher are shot dead by a [[spree killer]] who then commits suicide. * [[1997]] – India's Missionaries of Charity chooses [[Sister Nirmala]] to succeed [[Mother Teresa]] as its leader. * [[1997]] – In [[Phoenix, Arizona]], [[Arizona]], the [[Phoenix Lights]], one of the most widely witnessed [[UFO]] sightings, take place. * [[2000]] – After 17 seasons in the [[NFL]], [[Miami Dolphins]] quarterback [[Dan Marino]] retires. === From 2001 === * [[2003]] – [[Human evolution]]: The journal [[Nature (journal)|Nature]] reports that 350,000-year-old upright-walking [[human]] footprints have been found in [[Italy]]. * [[2005]] - A [[President]]ial election takes place in [[Kyrgyzstan]]. Controversy around this election leads to the removal of [[President]] [[Askar Akayev]]. * [[2012]] - Editors of the [[Encyclopaedia Britannica]] announce that they are to stop publishing its print edition, in order to focus on its online edition. * [[2012]] - 28 people are killed as a bus returning from a [[school]] trip back to [[Belgium]] crashes in a [[tunnel]] in [[Cantons of Switzerland|Canton]] [[Valais]], [[Switzerland]]. * [[2013]] - [[cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] [[Jorge Mario Bergoglio]] of [[Argentina]] is elected [[Pope]], choosing to be known as [[Pope Francis]]. He is the first [[Pope]] from [[Latin America]] as well as the first [[Jesuit]] Pope. * [[2015]] - [[Iceland]] withdraws its application for [[European Union]] membership. * [[2016]] - 17 people are killed in an armed attack on a [[hotel]] in the [[Ivory Coast]]. * [[2016]] - 37 people are killed in [[bomb]] attack in [[Ankara]], [[Turkey]]. * [[2017]] - [[Nicola Sturgeon]] asks for permission to hold a second [[referendum]] on [[Scotland|Scottish]] [[independence]]. * [[2018]] - US President [[Donald Trump]] fires his [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] [[Rex Tillerson]] and nominates [[CIA]] Director [[Mike Pompeo]] to replace him. * [[2019]] - A school shooting in [[Suzano]], São Paulo, [[Brazil]], kills 8 people. * [[2019]] - A school collapse in [[Lagos]], [[Nigeria]], kills 8 people. * [[2019]] - The [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom]] votes by a majority against a "No-Deal" [[Brexit]]. == Births == === Up to 1900 === * [[1372]] - [[Louis of Valois, Duke of Orleans]], brother of [[Charles VI of France]] (d. [[1407]]) * [[1593]] - [[Georges de La Tour]], French painter (d. [[1652]]) * [[1615]] – [[Pope Innocent XII]] (d. [[1700]]) * [[1683]] - [[John Theophilus Desaguliers]], French-British politician (d. [[1744]]) * [[1696]] - [[Armand de Vignerot du Plessis]], Marshal of France (d. [[1788]]) * [[1700]] - [[Michel Blavet]], French [[Flute|flautist]] (d. [[1768]]) * [[1720]] – [[Charles Bonnet]], Swiss [[Nature|naturalist]] and [[writer]] (d. [[1793]]) * [[1733]] – [[Joseph Priestley]], English scientist (d. [[1804]]) * [[1741]] – [[Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor]] (d. [[1790]]) * [[1764]] – [[Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey|Earl Grey]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] (d. [[1845]]) * [[1770]] - [[Daniel Lambert]], English man known for his [[obesity]] (d. [[1809]]) * [[1781]] – [[Karl Friedrich Schinkel]], German [[architect]] (d. [[1841]]) * [[1798]] – [[Abigail Fillmore]], [[First Lady of the United States]] (d. [[1853]]) * [[1815]] - [[James Curtis Hepburn]], American [[physician]] and Christian missionary (d. [[1911]]) * [[1825]] – [[Hans Gude]], Norwegian painter (d. [[1903]]) * [[1829]] - [[Richard Coke]], 16th [[Governor]] of [[Texas]] (d. [[1897]]) * [[1842]] - [[Joseph Valentin Boussinesq]], French [[mathematician]] and [[physicist]] (d. [[1929]]) * [[1845]] - [[Jan Baudouin de Courtenay]], Polish [[Language|linguist]] (d. [[1929]]) * [[1855]] – [[Percival Lowell]], American [[astronomer]] (d. [[1916]]) * [[1857]] - [[B. H. Roberts]], [[Mormonism|Mormon]] leader, historian and politician (d. [[1935]]) * [[1860]] – [[Hugo Wolf]], Austrian [[composer]] (d. [[1903]]) * [[1864]] - [[Alexei von Jawlensky]], Russian painter (d. [[1941]]) * [[1870]] - [[Albert Meyer (politician)|Albert Meyer]], Swiss politician (d. [[1953]]) * [[1874]] - [[Ellery Clark]], American athlete (d. [[1949]]) * [[1883]] - [[Enrico Toselli]], Italian [[composer]] and [[pianist]] (d. [[1926]]) * [[1884]] - [[Hugh Walpole]], English [[novel]]ist (d. [[1941]]) * [[1886]] – [[Home Run Baker]], American [[baseball]] player (d. [[1963]]) * [[1888]] – [[Paul Morand]], French writer (d. [[1976]]) * [[1890]] - [[Fritz Busch]], German [[Conductor (music)|conductor]] (d. [[1951]]) * [[1895]] - [[Luigi Cevenini]], Italian [[footballer]] (d. [[1968]]) * [[1897]] - [[Yeghishe Charents]], [[Armenia]]n [[poet]], [[writer]] and public activist (d. [[1937]]) * [[1898]] - [[Henry Hathaway]], American [[movie director]] and [[producer]] (d. [[1985]]) * [[1899]] - [[Bela Guttman]], Hungarian [[footballer]] (d. [[1981]]) * [[1899]] – [[John Hasbrouck van Vleck]], American [[physicist]] (d. [[1980]]) * [[1900]] - [[Salote Tupou III]], [[Queen]] of [[Tonga]] (d. [[1965]]) * [[1900]] – [[Giorgos Seferis]], Greek [[poet]] (d. [[1971]]) === 1901 {{ndash}} 1950 === * [[1902]] - [[Mohammed Abdel Wahab]], [[Egypt]]ian [[singer]] and [[composer]] (d. [[1991]]) * [[1903]] - [[Yasutaro Koide]], Japanese [[supercentenarian]] (d. [[2016]]) * [[1906]] - [[Nguyen Van Thien]], [[Vietnam]]ese Roman Catholic [[bishop]] (d. [[2012]]) * [[1907]] - [[Mircea Eliade]], Romanian [[historian]] and [[writer]] (d. [[1986]]) * [[1908]] - [[Walter Annenberg]], American philanthropist, editor and diplomat (d. [[2002]]) * [[1910]] - [[Karl Gustav Ahlefeldt]], Danish actor (d. [[1985]]) * [[1910]] - [[Sammy Kaye]], American saxophonist, [[bandleader]] and [[songwriter]] (d. [[1987]]) * [[1910]] - [[Kemal Tahir]], Turkish [[novel]]ist and intellectual (d. [[1973]]) * [[1911]] – [[L. Ron Hubbard]], American founder of [[Scientology]] (d. [[1986]]) * [[1913]] – [[Sergey Mikhalkov]], Russian writer (d. [[2009]]) * [[1913]] – [[William Casey]], American [[CIA]] director (d. [[1987]]) * [[1916]] - [[Jacque Fresco]], American futurist, writer and engineer (d. [[2017]]) * [[1921]] - [[Al Jaffee]], American cartoonist * [[1921]] - [[Gitta Sereny]], Austrian-British biographer, historian and investigative journalist (d. [[2012]]) * [[1923]] – [[Dimitrios Ioannidis]], Greek military officer (d. [[2010]]) * [[1923]] - [[William F. Bolger]], 65th Postmaster General of the [[United States]] (d. [[1989]]) * [[1925]] - [[Roy Haynes]], American [[jazz]] drummer * [[1926]] – [[Carlos Roberto Reina]], [[President]] of [[Honduras]] (d. [[2003]]) * [[1927]] - [[Ivan Irwin]], American-Canadian [[ice hockey]] player (d. [[2019]]) * [[1928]] - [[Douglas Rain]], Canadian actor (d. [[2018]]) * [[1929]] - [[Zbigniew Messner]], [[Prime Minister]] of [[Poland]] (d. [[2014]]) * [[1929]] - [[Bunny Yeager]], American model and photographer (d. [[2014]]) * [[1929]] - [[Peter Breck]], American actor (d. [[2012]]) * [[1929]] - [[Joseph Mascolo]], American musician and actor (d. [[2016]]) * [[1930]] - [[Günther Uecker]], German painter * [[1931]] - [[Wolfgang Kohlhaase]], German [[screenwriter]] and [[movie director]] * [[1933]] - [[Pee Wee Gaskins]], American [[serial killer]] (d. [[1991]]) * [[1933]] - [[Mahdi Elmandjra]], Moroccan [[economist]] and futurologist (d. [[2014]]) * [[1934]] - [[Mario David]], Italian [[footballer]] (d. [[2005]]) * [[1934]] - [[Mario Missiroli]], Italian [[Movie director|director]] (d. [[2014]]) * [[1935]] - [[David Nobbs]], English comedy writer (d. [[2015]]) * [[1936]] - [[José Mojica Marins]], Brazilian filmmaker and actor * [[1936]] - [[Michael Checkland]], former Director-General of the [[BBC]] * [[1937]] - [[Vladimir Makanin]], Russian writer (d. [[2017]]) * [[1938]] - [[Erma Franklin]], American singer (d. [[2002]]) * [[1938]] - [[Tochinoumi Teruyoshi]], Japanese [[sumo]] wrestler * [[1939]] - [[Yoshinobu Ishii]], Japanese [[footballer]] (d. [[2018]]) * [[1939]] – [[Neil Sedaka]], American [[singer-songwriter]] * [[1940]] - [[Christopher Gable]], British [[dance]]r, [[choreographer]] and [[actor]] (d. [[1998]]) * [[1940]] - [[Jacqueline Sassard]], French actress * [[1941]] - [[John Clark (footballer, born 1941)|John Clark]], Scottish [[footballer]] * [[1941]] – [[Mahmoud Darwish]], Palestinian poet (d. [[2008]]) * [[1942]] – [[Scatman John]], American singer (d. [[1999]]) * [[1942]] - [[Geoffrey Hayes]], English [[actor]] and [[screenwriter]] (d. [[2018]]) * [[1942]] - [[Dave Cutler]], American [[computer]] [[scientist]] and [[engineer]] * [[1943]] - [[Giancarlo De Sisti]], Italian [[footballer]] * [[1943]] - [[André Téchiné]], French [[Movie director|director]] and [[songwriter]] * [[1945]] – [[Anatoly Fomenko]], Russian [[mathematician]] * [[1946]] – [[Yonatan Netanyahu]], Israeli [[soldier]] (d. [[1976]]) * [[1947]] - [[Lesley Collier]], English [[Ballet|ballerina]] and educator * [[1949]] - [[Sian Elias]], New Zealand judge, 12th Chief Justice of [[New Zealand]] * [[1950]] – [[William H. Macy]], American actor === 1951 {{ndash}} 1975 === * [[1952]] - [[Wolfgang Rihm]], German [[composer]] and [[essay]]ist * [[1953]] – [[Deborah Raffin]], American actress (d. [[2012]]) * [[1953]] - [[Ridley Pearson]], American writer * [[1954]] – [[Valerie Amos, Baroness Amos]], British [[politician]] and [[diplomat]] * [[1955]] – [[Bruno Conti]], Italian [[footballer]] * [[1955]] - [[Olga Rukavishnikova]], Russian athlete * [[1956]] - [[Dana Delany]], American actress * [[1957]] - [[John Hoeven]], 31st [[Governor]] of [[North Dakota]] * [[1958]] – [[Linda Robson]], English actress * [[1959]] - [[Kathy Hilton]], American socialite * [[1960]] – [[Adam Clayton]], Irish bassist ([[U2]]) * [[1960]] - [[Yuri Andrukhovych]], Ukrainian writer, poet and political essayist * [[1960]] - [[Jorge Sampaoli]], [[Argentina|Argentine]] [[footballer]] and manager * [[1961]] – [[Sebastiano Nela]], Italian footballer * [[1962]] - [[Terence Blanchard]], American [[trumpet]]er and [[composer]] * [[1967]] – [[Andrés Escobar]], Colombian footballer (d. [[1994]]) * [[1969]] – [[Luca Bucci]], Italian footballer * [[1971]] – [[Annabeth Gish]], American actress * [[1971]] - [[Carme Chacón]], Spanish politician (d. [[2017]]) * [[1973]] – [[Edgar Davids]], Dutch footballer * [[1973]] - [[David Draiman]], American musician * [[1974]] – [[Thomas Enqvist]], Swedish [[tennis]] player === From 1976 === * [[1977]] – [[Momo Sylla]], [[Guinea]]n [[footballer]] * [[1979]] - [[Spanky G]], American musician ([[Bloodhound Gang]]) * [[1979]] - [[Johan Santana]], [[Venezuela]]n [[baseball]] player * [[1979]] - [[Cedric van Branteghem]], Belgian athlete * [[1980]] - [[Sara Bergmark Elfgren]], Swedish writer * [[1980]] - [[Caron Butler]], American [[basketball]] player * [[1980]] - [[Molly Stanton]], American actress * [[1980]] - [[Flavia Cacace]], Italian dancer * [[1981]] – [[Stephen Maguire]], Scottish [[snooker]] player * [[1981]] - [[April Matson]], American actress and singer * [[1982]] - [[Jeremy Curl]], English explorer, writer and photographer * [[1982]] - [[Gisela Mota Ocampo]], Mexican politician (d. [[2016]]) * [[1985]] - [[Ben Lowe]], Australian [[rugby]] player * [[1985]] - [[Naughty Boy]], English [[DJ]] and [[producer]] * [[1986]] - [[Shunsuke Daito]], Japanese actor * [[1987]] - [[Marco Andretti]], American racing driver * [[1987]] – [[Andreas Beck]], German footballer * [[1989]] – [[Holger Badstuber]], German footballer * [[1989]] – [[Marko Marin]], German footballer * [[1989]] - [[Peaches Geldof]], British [[television]] personality (d. [[2014]]) * [[1989]] - [[Harry Helling]], British actor * [[1991]] - [[Kim Eli]], South Korean singer ([[U-KISS]]) * [[1991]] - [[Le Quang Liem]], [[Vietnam]]ese [[chess]] player * [[1991]] - [[Tristan Thompson]], Canadian [[basketball]] player * [[1991]] - [[Luan Santana]], Brazilian singer and composer * [[1992]] - [[Lucy Fry]], Australian actress * [[1992]] - [[Kaya Scodelario]], British actress * [[1994]] - [[Gerard Deulofeu]], Spanish [[footballer]] * [[1995]] - [[Mikaela Shiffrin]], American skier == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * [[600]] - [[Leander of Seville]], Spanish [[bishop]] (b. [[534]]) * [[1202]] - [[Mieszko III the Old]], [[Duke]] of Greater [[Poland]] (b. [[1126]]) * [[1395]] - [[John Barbour (poet)|John Barbour]], Scottish [[priest]] and [[poet]] (b. [[1320]]) * [[1516]] - King [[Ladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary]] (b. [[1456]]) * [[1569]] - [[Louis, Prince of Condé]] (b. [[1530]]) * [[1767]] – [[Maria Josepha of Saxony]], mother of [[Louis XVI of France]] (b. [[1731]]) * [[1773]] - [[Philibert Commerson]], French [[historian]] and [[explorer]] (b. [[1727]]) * [[1808]] – King [[Christian VII of Denmark|Christian VII]] of [[Denmark]] (b. [[1749]]) * [[1842]] – [[Henry Shrapnel]], English soldier and inventor (b. [[1761]]) * [[1854]] - [[Jean-Baptiste Villèle]], [[Prime Minister of France]] (b. [[1773]]) * [[1873]] - [[David Swinson Maynard]], founder of [[Seattle]] (b. [[1808]]) * [[1879]] – [[Adolf Anderssen]], German [[chess]] player (b. [[1818]]) * [[1881]] – Tsar [[Alexander II of Russia]] (b. [[1818]]) === 1901 {{ndash}} 2000 === * [[1901]] – [[Benjamin Harrison]], 23rd [[President of the United States]] (b. [[1833]]) * [[1906]] – [[Susan B. Anthony]], American suffragette (b. [[1820]]) * [[1913]] - [[Ernst Georg Ravenstein]], German-English geographer and [[Cartography|cartographer]] (b. [[1834]]) * [[1914]] - [[Hakeem Noord-ud-Din]], Muslim scholar * [[1918]] – [[César Cui]], Russian composer (b. [[1835]]) * [[1936]] - [[Francis Bell (New Zealand politician)|Francis Bell]], 20th [[Prime Minister of New Zealand]] (b. [[1851]]) * [[1938]] – [[Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin]], Russian politician and intellectual (b. [[1888]]) * [[1938]] – [[Clarence Darrow]], American attorney (b. [[1857]]) * [[1938]] - [[Carlo Minoretti]], Italian [[cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] (b. [[1861]]) * [[1949]] - [[Henri Giraud]], French [[General officer|general]] (b. [[1879]]) * [[1955]] – King [[Tribhuvan of Nepal|Tribhuvan]] of [[Nepal]] (b. [[1906]]) * [[1964]] - [[Kitty Genovese]], American murder victim (b. [[1935]]) * [[1965]] - [[Fan S. Noli]], 14th [[Prime Minister]] of [[Albania]] (b. [[1882]]) * [[1975]] – [[Ivo Andric]], Serbo-Croatian writer (b. [[1892]]) * [[1987]] – [[Bernhard Grzimek]], German zoologist, movie maker and writer (b. [[1909]]) * [[1990]] – [[Bruno Bettelheim]], Austrian-American child psychologist (b. [[1903]]) * [[1990]] - [[Karl Münchinger]], German [[Conductor (music)|conductor]] (b. [[1915]]) * [[1995]] - [[Odette Hallowes]], French nurse and spy (b. [[1912]]) * [[1996]] - [[Krzysztof Kieslowski]], Polish [[movie director]] (b. [[1941]]) * [[1998]] - [[Judge Dread]], English [[singer-songwriter]] (b. [[1911]]) * [[1998]] - [[Hans von Ohain]], German-American [[physicist]] and [[engineer]] (b. [[1911]]) * [[1999]] – [[Garson Kanin]], American playwright and screenwriter (b. [[1912]]) === From 2001 === * [[2001]] - [[Encarnacion Alzona]], Filipino [[historian]] and educator (b. [[1895]]) * [[2002]] – [[Hans-Georg Gadamer]], German [[philosopher]] (b. [[1900]]) * [[2004]] - [[Vilayat Khan]], Indian [[sitar]] player and [[composer]] (b. [[1928]]) * [[2006]] – [[Jimmy Johnstone]], Scottish footballer (b. [[1944]]) * [[2006]] – [[Maureen Stapleton]], American actress (b. [[1925]]) * [[2006]] – [[Robert C. Baker]], inventor of the Chicken Nugget (b. [[1921]]) * [[2009]] - [[Andrew Martin]], American [[professional wrestler]] (b. [[1975]]) * [[2010]] – [[He Pingping]], smallest man in the world with the ability to walk (b. [[1988]]) * [[2011]] – [[Owsley Stanley]], [[LSD]] supplier (b. [[1935]]) * [[2012]] – [[Michel Duchaussoy]], French actor (b. [[1938]]) * [[2012]] - [[Jacques Villiers]], French [[engineer]] (b. [[1924]]) * [[2013]] - [[Tore Lokoloko]], 2nd Governor-General of [[Papua New Guinea]] (b. [[1930]]) * [[2013]] - [[Malachi Throne]], American actor (b. [[1928]]) * [[2014]] - [[Reubin Askew]], 37th [[Governor]] of [[Florida]] (b. [[1937]]) * [[2014]] - [[Ahmad Tejan Kabbah]], 3rd [[President]] of [[Sierra Leone]] (b. [[1932]]) * [[2014]] - [[Icchokas Mera]], [[Lithuania]]n writer (b. [[1934]]) * [[2015]] - [[Daevid Allen]], Australian [[musician]] (b. [[1938]]) * [[2015]] - [[Irwin Hasen]], American [[cartoonist]] and [[comic]] [[artist]] (b. [[1918]]) * [[2015]] - [[Al Rosen]], American [[baseball]] player (b. [[1924]]) * [[2016]] - [[Adrienne Corri]], British actress (b. [[1930]]) * [[2016]] - [[Martin Olav Sabo]], American politician (b. [[1938]]) * [[2016]] - [[Hilary Putnam]], American [[philosopher]], [[mathematician]] and [[computer]] [[scientist]] (b. [[1926]]) * [[2017]] - [[Adib Boroumand]], Iranian [[poet]] and [[politician]] (b. [[1924]]) * [[2017]] - [[Kika de la Garza]], American politician (b. [[1927]]) * [[2017]] - [[Richard, 6th Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg]], German [[nobleman]] (b. [[1934]]) * [[2017]] - [[Amy Krouse Rosenthal]], American writer and film director (b. [[1965]]) * [[2017]] - [[Ed Whitlock]], English-Canadian long-distance runner (b. [[1931]]) * [[2017]] - [[Hiroto Muraoka]], Japanese [[footballer]] (b. [[1931]]) * [[2017]] - [[Henri Cueco]], French painter and writer (b. [[1929]]) * [[2017]] - [[Morton Deutsch]], American social psychologist (b. [[1920]]) * [[2017]] - [[André Jagendorf]], American plant biologist (b. [[1926]]) * [[2017]] - [[Sarah Jiménez]], Mexican artist (b. [[1927]]) * [[2017]] - [[Richard H. Solomon]], American diplomat (b. [[1939]]) * [[2018]] - [[T. Berry Brazelton]], American paediatrician and writer (b. [[1918]]) * [[2018]] - [[Bebeto de Freitas]], Brazilian volleyball coach and football manager (b. [[1950]]) * [[2018]] - [[Jens Nilsson]], Swedish politician (b. [[1948]]) * [[2018]] - [[Leonid Kvinikhidze]], Russian screenwriter and director (b. [[1937]]) * [[2018]] - [[Gordon Walgren]], American politician and convicted fraudster (b. [[1933]]) * [[2019]] - [[Frank Cali]], American crime boss (b. [[1965]]) * [[2019]] - [[Harry Hughes]], American politician, 57th [[Governor]] of [[Maryland]] (b. [[1926]]) * [[2019]] - [[Ghazali Jaafar]], Filipino militant and politician (b. [[1943]]) * [[2019]] - [[Andrea Pollack]], German swimmer (b. [[1961]]) * [[2019]] - [[Leroy Stanton]], American [[baseball]] player (b. [[1946]]) [[Category:Days of the year]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p>Templates used on this page: </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Calendar" title="Template:Calendar">Template:Calendar</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Calendar&action=edit" title="Template:Calendar">change</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartFri" title="Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartFri">Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartFri</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartFri&action=edit" title="Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartFri">change</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartMon" title="Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartMon">Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartMon</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartMon&action=edit" title="Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartMon">change</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartSat" title="Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartSat">Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartSat</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartSat&action=edit" title="Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartSat">change</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartSun" title="Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartSun">Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartSun</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartSun&action=edit" title="Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartSun">change</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartThu" title="Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartThu">Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartThu</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartThu&action=edit" title="Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartThu">change</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartTue" title="Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartTue">Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartTue</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartTue&action=edit" title="Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartTue">change</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartWed" title="Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartWed">Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartWed</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartWed&action=edit" title="Template:Calendar/Sun1stMonthStartWed">change</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:CalendarCustom" title="Template:CalendarCustom">Template:CalendarCustom</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:CalendarCustom&action=edit" title="Template:CalendarCustom">change</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Day" title="Template:Day">Template:Day</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Day&action=edit" title="Template:Day">change</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:En_dash" title="Template:En dash">Template:En dash</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:En_dash&action=edit" title="Template:En dash">view source</a>) (semi-protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ndash" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Ndash">Template:Ndash</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Ndash&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Ndash">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ordinal" title="Template:Ordinal">Template:Ordinal</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Ordinal&action=edit" title="Template:Ordinal">view source</a>) (semi-protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Ordinal" title="Module:Ordinal">Module:Ordinal</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Ordinal&action=edit" title="Module:Ordinal">change</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Yesno" title="Module:Yesno">Module:Yesno</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Yesno&action=edit" title="Module:Yesno">view source</a>) (protected)</li></ul></div><p id="mw-returnto">Return to <a href="/wiki/March_13" title="March 13">March 13</a></p> <!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_13">https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_13</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/simple.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March_13&action=edit&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6dfcdd5ff5-5cnp9","wgBackendResponseTime":180,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.006","walltime":"0.010","ppvisitednodes":{"value":14,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":6,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":2,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":0,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 0.000 1 -total"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6dfcdd5ff5-5cnp9","timestamp":"20241203225410","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> </body> </html>