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<div class="item active" aria-hidden="false"> <div class="image"> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/immediate-policy-changes-urgently-needed-as-drug-resistant-malaria-spreads-in-east-africa" title="Millions of lives at risk unless urgent action taken to stop drug-resistant malaria spreading in Africa"> <img src="https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/immediate-policy-changes-urgently-needed-as-drug-resistant-malaria-spreads-in-east-africa/responsive_image?ratio=r16x5&scale=w760" alt="Malaria febrile child diagnosed and treated in early morning in Mtwara, Tanzania" class="img-responsive" srcset="https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/immediate-policy-changes-urgently-needed-as-drug-resistant-malaria-spreads-in-east-africa/responsive_image?ratio=r16x5&scale=w1140 1140w, https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/immediate-policy-changes-urgently-needed-as-drug-resistant-malaria-spreads-in-east-africa/responsive_image?ratio=r16x5&scale=w760 760w, https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/immediate-policy-changes-urgently-needed-as-drug-resistant-malaria-spreads-in-east-africa/responsive_image?ratio=r16x5&scale=w320 320w" sizes="100vw" itemprop="image" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" /> </a> <small class="copyright"> © MORU. Photographer: Lorenz von Seidlein </small> </div> <div class="caption"> <div class="inner"> <h2>Africa malaria resists key drug</h2> <p data-truncate="yes" data-truncate-lines="8">Millions of lives at risk unless urgent action taken to stop drug-resistant malaria spreading in Africa</p> <a role="button" class="btn btn-secondary" href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/immediate-policy-changes-urgently-needed-as-drug-resistant-malaria-spreads-in-east-africa" title="Immediate policy changes urgently needed as drug-resistant malaria spreads in East Africa">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="item" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="image"> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/research-areas/research-areas" title="Patient-centred research is the core of our research activities, spanning 5 research units and over 50 research sites in Asia and Africa."> <img src="https://www.tropmedres.ac/research-areas/research-areas/responsive_image?ratio=r16x5&scale=w760" alt="Health care workers treating a baby" class="img-responsive" srcset="https://www.tropmedres.ac/research-areas/research-areas/responsive_image?ratio=r16x5&scale=w1140 1140w, https://www.tropmedres.ac/research-areas/research-areas/responsive_image?ratio=r16x5&scale=w760 760w, https://www.tropmedres.ac/research-areas/research-areas/responsive_image?ratio=r16x5&scale=w320 320w" sizes="100vw" itemprop="image" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" /> </a>  </div> <div class="caption"> <div class="inner"> <h2>Research Areas</h2> <p data-truncate="yes" data-truncate-lines="8">Patient-centred research is the core of our research activities, spanning 5 research units and over 50 research sites in Asia and Africa.</p> <a role="button" class="btn btn-secondary" href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/research-areas/research-areas" title="Research Areas">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="item" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="image"> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/moru-bangkok/malaria/overview" title="Billions of people live in malaria endemic countries; we aim to improve health through research that addresses this threat."> <img src="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/moru-bangkok/malaria/overview/responsive_image?ratio=r16x5&scale=w760" alt="Molecular Malaria Lab members in a semi-circle doing thumbs up." class="img-responsive" srcset="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/moru-bangkok/malaria/overview/responsive_image?ratio=r16x5&scale=w1140 1140w, https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/moru-bangkok/malaria/overview/responsive_image?ratio=r16x5&scale=w760 760w, https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/moru-bangkok/malaria/overview/responsive_image?ratio=r16x5&scale=w320 320w" sizes="100vw" itemprop="image" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" /> </a> <small class="inverted copyright"> © MORU 2019 </small> </div> <div class="caption"> <div class="inner"> <h2>Malaria & Critical illness</h2> <p data-truncate="yes" data-truncate-lines="8">Billions of people live in malaria endemic countries; we aim to improve health through research that addresses this threat.</p> <a role="button" class="btn btn-secondary" href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/moru-bangkok/malaria/overview" title="Overview Malaria & Critical illness">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="item" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="image"> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/bioethics-engagement" title="Paying attention to the public and communities is essential to make our programmes ethical and trustworthy, to maximise their success and impact."> <img src="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/bioethics-engagement/responsive_image?ratio=r16x5&scale=w760" alt="Schoolchildren in the audience of a Village Drama" class="img-responsive" srcset="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/bioethics-engagement/responsive_image?ratio=r16x5&scale=w1140 1140w, https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/bioethics-engagement/responsive_image?ratio=r16x5&scale=w760 760w, https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/bioethics-engagement/responsive_image?ratio=r16x5&scale=w320 320w" sizes="100vw" itemprop="image" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" /> </a> <small class="inverted copyright"> © MORU 2019. Photo by Nicky Almasy </small> </div> <div class="caption"> <div class="inner"> <h2>Bioethics & Engagement</h2> <p data-truncate="yes" data-truncate-lines="8">Paying attention to the public and communities is essential to make our programmes ethical and trustworthy, to maximise their success and impact.</p> <a role="button" class="btn btn-secondary" href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/bioethics-engagement" title="Bioethics & Engagement">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="item" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="image"> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/about/equality-diversity" title="Greater participation and inclusivity, as well as recognising the value of diversity, lead to fairer opportunities to fulfil everybody's potential."> <img src="https://www.tropmedres.ac/about/equality-diversity/responsive_image?ratio=r16x5&scale=w760" alt="Group photo of MORU members" class="img-responsive" srcset="https://www.tropmedres.ac/about/equality-diversity/responsive_image?ratio=r16x5&scale=w1140 1140w, https://www.tropmedres.ac/about/equality-diversity/responsive_image?ratio=r16x5&scale=w760 760w, https://www.tropmedres.ac/about/equality-diversity/responsive_image?ratio=r16x5&scale=w320 320w" sizes="100vw" itemprop="image" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" /> </a> <small class="inverted copyright"> © Photo by Gerhard Jørén </small> </div> <div class="caption"> <div class="inner"> <h2>Equity, Diversity & Inclusion</h2> <p data-truncate="yes" data-truncate-lines="8">Greater participation and inclusivity, as well as recognising the value of diversity, lead to fairer opportunities to fulfil everybody's potential.</p> <a role="button" class="btn btn-secondary" href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/about/equality-diversity" title="Equity, Diversity and Inclusion">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="item" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="image"> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/world-malaria-day-2023-fight-against-drug-resistant-malaria-enters-critical-new-phase" title="The global fight against malaria has hit a critical point in Africa, where parasites resistant to artemisinin have emerged."> <img src="https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/world-malaria-day-2023-fight-against-drug-resistant-malaria-enters-critical-new-phase/responsive_image?ratio=r16x5&scale=w760" alt="People from a community near the DeTACT recruitment site in Kaback, Guinea during a community engagement visit." class="img-responsive" srcset="https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/world-malaria-day-2023-fight-against-drug-resistant-malaria-enters-critical-new-phase/responsive_image?ratio=r16x5&scale=w1140 1140w, https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/world-malaria-day-2023-fight-against-drug-resistant-malaria-enters-critical-new-phase/responsive_image?ratio=r16x5&scale=w760 760w, https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/world-malaria-day-2023-fight-against-drug-resistant-malaria-enters-critical-new-phase/responsive_image?ratio=r16x5&scale=w320 320w" sizes="100vw" itemprop="image" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" /> </a> <small class="copyright"> © Dr Mamadou Saliou Diallo / MORU 2023 </small> </div> <div class="caption"> <div class="inner"> <h2>Resistance to antimalarials</h2> <p data-truncate="yes" data-truncate-lines="8">The global fight against malaria has hit a critical point in Africa, where parasites resistant to artemisinin have emerged.</p> <a role="button" class="btn btn-secondary" href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/world-malaria-day-2023-fight-against-drug-resistant-malaria-enters-critical-new-phase" title="Fight against drug-resistant malaria in critical new phase: “We are in danger of losing our current antimalarial drugs to resistance.”">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-b2983e20-e75c-4ccb-8d21-251f0136c6fb" title="Show the previous slide" data-slide="prev"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left"></span> </a> <a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-b2983e20-e75c-4ccb-8d21-251f0136c6fb" title="Show the next slide" data-slide="next"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right"></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="row row2"><div class="row-content"> <div class="column col-md-6 " data-panel=""> <div class="tile tile-default" id="eafe3b8b-5e43-435e-8c73-d3feb14916db"> </div> </div> <div class="column col-md-6 " data-panel=""> <div class="tile tile-default" id="e2517001-0aad-4ae0-8c59-ba0ea1f0dc9d"> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="row row3"><div class="row-content"> <div class="column col-md-12 " data-panel=""> <div class="tile tile-default" id="ab0146aa-3775-437d-ae44-9c898f5566fd"> <div class="collection-tile tile-content clearfix box-border-none box-plain"> <div class="tile-header"> <h3 class="uppercase underline">Latest News</h3> </div> <div itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ItemList"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-4"> <div class="listing-item listing-item-news" itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="http://schema.org/NewsArticle"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12" style="margin-bottom:10px"> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/moru-hosts-international-workshop-on-safer-drug-use-in-obstetric-and-paediatric-medicine-through-pbpk-modelling?ref=image" title=""> <figure> <div class="image-container"> <img src="https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/moru-hosts-international-workshop-on-safer-drug-use-in-obstetric-and-paediatric-medicine-through-pbpk-modelling/responsive_image?ratio=r16x9&scale=w760" alt="Group photo of workshop participants" srcset="https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/moru-hosts-international-workshop-on-safer-drug-use-in-obstetric-and-paediatric-medicine-through-pbpk-modelling/responsive_image?ratio=r16x9&scale=w1140 1140w, https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/moru-hosts-international-workshop-on-safer-drug-use-in-obstetric-and-paediatric-medicine-through-pbpk-modelling/responsive_image?ratio=r16x9&scale=w760 760w, https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/moru-hosts-international-workshop-on-safer-drug-use-in-obstetric-and-paediatric-medicine-through-pbpk-modelling/responsive_image?ratio=r16x9&scale=w320 320w" sizes="100vw" itemprop="image" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" /> </div> </figure> </a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12"> <h2 class="media-heading"> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/moru-hosts-international-workshop-on-safer-drug-use-in-obstetric-and-paediatric-medicine-through-pbpk-modelling" title="Healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers gathered in Bangkok 12-13 March for PBPK modelling in paediatrics, pregnancy and lactation, a major international workshop addressing a longstanding issue in medicine: ensuring safer and more effective drug treatments for pregnant or lactating women and children." itemprop="name" class="state-published">MORU hosts international workshop on safer drug use in obstetric and paediatric medicine through PBPK modelling</a> </h2> <p class="details"> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-4"> <div class="listing-item listing-item-news" itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="http://schema.org/NewsArticle"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12" style="margin-bottom:10px"> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/innovative-forensics-to-identify-origins-of-falsified-medicines-presented-to-unodc-and-who?ref=image" title=""> <figure> <div class="image-container"> <img src="https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/innovative-forensics-to-identify-origins-of-falsified-medicines-presented-to-unodc-and-who/responsive_image?ratio=r16x9&scale=w760" alt="Paul Newton (MQRG), Pierre Esseiva (School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne), Céline Caillet (MQRG) and Mickael Deats (MQRG Honorary Visiting Fellow and UNODC Consultant)." srcset="https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/innovative-forensics-to-identify-origins-of-falsified-medicines-presented-to-unodc-and-who/responsive_image?ratio=r16x9&scale=w1140 1140w, https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/innovative-forensics-to-identify-origins-of-falsified-medicines-presented-to-unodc-and-who/responsive_image?ratio=r16x9&scale=w760 760w, https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/innovative-forensics-to-identify-origins-of-falsified-medicines-presented-to-unodc-and-who/responsive_image?ratio=r16x9&scale=w320 320w" sizes="100vw" itemprop="image" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" /> </div> </figure> </a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12"> <h2 class="media-heading"> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/innovative-forensics-to-identify-origins-of-falsified-medicines-presented-to-unodc-and-who" title="On 24-26 Feb 2025, Paul Newton, Head of MORU’s Medicine Quality Research Group (MQRG), and MQRG Deputy Head Céline Caillet presented work by the MQRG at the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and WHO meeting, Strategic and Tactical Interventions to Address Medical Products-Related Crimes." itemprop="name" class="state-published">Innovative forensics to identify origins of falsified medicines presented to UNODC and WHO</a> </h2> <p class="details"> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix visible-sm"></div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-4"> <div class="listing-item listing-item-news" itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="http://schema.org/NewsArticle"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12" style="margin-bottom:10px"> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/bangladesh-malaria-mass-vaccine-and-drug-administration-trial-begins?ref=image" title=""> <figure> <div class="image-container"> <img src="https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/bangladesh-malaria-mass-vaccine-and-drug-administration-trial-begins/responsive_image?ratio=r16x9&scale=w760" alt="Health care workers in Bangladesh" srcset="https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/bangladesh-malaria-mass-vaccine-and-drug-administration-trial-begins/responsive_image?ratio=r16x9&scale=w1140 1140w, https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/bangladesh-malaria-mass-vaccine-and-drug-administration-trial-begins/responsive_image?ratio=r16x9&scale=w760 760w, https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/bangladesh-malaria-mass-vaccine-and-drug-administration-trial-begins/responsive_image?ratio=r16x9&scale=w320 320w" sizes="100vw" itemprop="image" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" /> </div> </figure> </a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12"> <h2 class="media-heading"> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/bangladesh-malaria-mass-vaccine-and-drug-administration-trial-begins" title="After more than a year of community engagement and preparation in 100 villages with 12,000 populations across the Chittagong Hill Tracts, the mass malaria vaccine (R21/Matrix M) and drug (DHA, piperaquine, and single low dose primaquine) administration study started on 15 Feb." itemprop="name" class="state-published">Bangladesh malaria mass vaccine and drug administration trial begins</a> </h2> <p class="details"> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix visible-md"></div> <div class="clearfix visible-lg"></div> </div> </div> <div class="tile-footer text-right"> <a class="btn btn-default" href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/news" title="">More News</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="row row4"><div class="row-content"> <div class="column col-md-4 " data-panel=""> <div class="tile tile-default" id="e3ccdc69-4149-4697-99c7-e6ccf6f34d44"> <div class="cover-featured-tile tile-content clearfix box-border-none box-plain"> <h2>Study with us</h2> <div class="rich-text--base"><p>We have been hosting students from Mahidol University, University of Oxford and Open University for over 20 years. <a style="" target="_self" title="" href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/work-and-study/students" data-mce-href="resolveuid/ac9458b8b48048cdb0635b8d36951706">Visit our student pages</a> to learn more about life as a MORU student, investigate the research that we do, identify a potential supervisor and find out how to apply.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="tile tile-default" id="f7b1802e-84df-4e79-81a9-b469624e85c4"> <div class="cover-featured-tile tile-content clearfix box-border-none box-plain"> <h2>Train with us</h2> <div class="rich-text--base"><p><a style="" target="_self" title="" href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/work-and-study/training" data-mce-href="resolveuid/45338c47563f4c7f8be5ddfb73e900ae">Check out our Training pages</a> for links and information on training courses, materials and resources available to MORU Network staff and students.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column col-md-8 " data-panel=""> <div class="tile tile-default" id="fecd8f43-a1db-4a19-8f09-0694bb3d73a4"> <div class="cover-featured-tile tile-content clearfix box-border-none box-plain"> <h2>Work with us</h2> <div class="rich-text--base"><p>MORU is part of The Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Oxford. Our strength is our infrastructure to deliver excellent research and clinical studies to develop healthcare methods and systems for the improvement of global health.</p><p>Due to the diversity and international spread of our network, our vacancies are interesting and varied. We offer career development and training for all staff and students. <a style="" target="_self" title="" href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/work-and-study/jobs" data-mce-href="resolveuid/650a44916dff4917a725e9813d6fe75b">Check out our jobs section</a> to see local vacancies for Thai nationals, international opportunities advertised by Oxford, plus read about some of our researchers and how their careers have developed as part of this network.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="tile tile-default" id="cbeb9572-359e-47f6-8051-5121693454eb"> <div class="cover-social-icons-tile tile-content"> <div class="tile-header text-left"> <h3 class="uppercase underline">Follow us</h3> </div> <div class="social-following brand-icons"> <a href="https://twitter.com/MORUBKK" title="Follow us on Twitter"> <i class="glyphicon-twitter" aria-label="Twitter"></i> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="row row5"><div class="row-content"> <div class="column col-md-4 " data-panel=""> <div class="tile tile-default" id="d89b6e00-4444-4c34-a9b2-2bd156ca520b"> <div class="cover-embed-tile tile-content clearfix box-border-none box-featured"> <div class="tile-header"> <h3 class="uppercase underline">Meet our Researchers</h3> </div> <iframe id="96e4936a-0902-42d2-9a2a-1895a923c95b" width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/BznBxEY-oOI?si=V94H4i2hYsu4pBeC" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen=""></iframe> <p class="embed-description">Carlo Perrone: Improving scrub typhus detection and prevention</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column col-md-8 " data-panel=""> <div class="tile tile-default" id="a07688d8-78bf-4eeb-ad8e-67d97fa46aad"> <div class="collection-tile tile-content clearfix box-border-none box-plain"> <div class="tile-header"> <h3 class="uppercase underline">Research Highlights</h3> </div> <div itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ItemList"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-6 col-lg-6"> <div class="listing-item" itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12" style="margin-bottom:10px"> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/research-highlights/validating-a-web-application2019s-use-of-genetic-distance-to-determine-helminth-species-boundaries-and-aid-in-identification?ref=image" title=""> <figure> <div class="image-container"> <img src="https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/research-highlights/validating-a-web-application2019s-use-of-genetic-distance-to-determine-helminth-species-boundaries-and-aid-in-identification/responsive_image?ratio=r16x9&scale=w760" alt="Sompob Saralamba" srcset="https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/research-highlights/validating-a-web-application2019s-use-of-genetic-distance-to-determine-helminth-species-boundaries-and-aid-in-identification/responsive_image?ratio=r16x9&scale=w1140 1140w, https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/research-highlights/validating-a-web-application2019s-use-of-genetic-distance-to-determine-helminth-species-boundaries-and-aid-in-identification/responsive_image?ratio=r16x9&scale=w760 760w, https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/research-highlights/validating-a-web-application2019s-use-of-genetic-distance-to-determine-helminth-species-boundaries-and-aid-in-identification/responsive_image?ratio=r16x9&scale=w320 320w" sizes="100vw" itemprop="image" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" /> </div> </figure> </a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12"> <h2 class="media-heading"> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/research-highlights/validating-a-web-application2019s-use-of-genetic-distance-to-determine-helminth-species-boundaries-and-aid-in-identification" title="Posted 26/03/2025. Helminth species identification is challenging due to their diversity. Abigail Hui En Chan, Sompob Saralamba and their team developed ABIapp, a user-friendly R/Shiny application that helps researchers visualize taxonomic boundaries using genetic distance data. With up to 76% accuracy, ABIapp outperforms existing web-based tools, providing a valuable resource for helminth research." itemprop="name" class="state-published">Validating a web application’s use of genetic distance to determine helminth species boundaries and aid in identification</a> </h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-6 col-lg-6"> <div class="listing-item" itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12" style="margin-bottom:10px"> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/research-highlights/comparing-hemocue-r-and-quantitative-buffy-coat-r-and-coulter-counter-measured-haemoglobin-concentrations-in-african-children-with-acute-uncomplicated-malaria-a-bland2013altman-analysis?ref=image" title=""> <figure> <div class="image-container"> <img src="https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/research-highlights/comparing-hemocue-r-and-quantitative-buffy-coat-r-and-coulter-counter-measured-haemoglobin-concentrations-in-african-children-with-acute-uncomplicated-malaria-a-bland2013altman-analysis/responsive_image?ratio=r16x9&scale=w760" alt="" srcset="https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/research-highlights/comparing-hemocue-r-and-quantitative-buffy-coat-r-and-coulter-counter-measured-haemoglobin-concentrations-in-african-children-with-acute-uncomplicated-malaria-a-bland2013altman-analysis/responsive_image?ratio=r16x9&scale=w1140 1140w, https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/research-highlights/comparing-hemocue-r-and-quantitative-buffy-coat-r-and-coulter-counter-measured-haemoglobin-concentrations-in-african-children-with-acute-uncomplicated-malaria-a-bland2013altman-analysis/responsive_image?ratio=r16x9&scale=w760 760w, https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/research-highlights/comparing-hemocue-r-and-quantitative-buffy-coat-r-and-coulter-counter-measured-haemoglobin-concentrations-in-african-children-with-acute-uncomplicated-malaria-a-bland2013altman-analysis/responsive_image?ratio=r16x9&scale=w320 320w" sizes="100vw" itemprop="image" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" /> </div> </figure> </a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12"> <h2 class="media-heading"> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/research-highlights/comparing-hemocue-r-and-quantitative-buffy-coat-r-and-coulter-counter-measured-haemoglobin-concentrations-in-african-children-with-acute-uncomplicated-malaria-a-bland2013altman-analysis" title="Posted 19/03/2025. Malaria studies often involve blood transfusion to severe malarial anaemic children. Accurate Anaemia diagnosis is crucial for effective management. Hence, important to determine the level of agreement among haemoglobin concentrations measurement methods. HemoCue® should be used with caution in settings where decisions about blood transfusions are made. By Mavuto Mukaka" itemprop="name" class="state-published">Comparing HemoCue® and Quantitative Buffy Coat® and Coulter Counter-measured haemoglobin concentrations in African children with acute uncomplicated malaria: a Bland–Altman analysis</a> </h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix visible-sm"></div> <div class="clearfix visible-md"></div> <div class="clearfix visible-lg"></div> </div> </div> <div class="tile-footer text-right"> <a class="btn btn-default" href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/research-highlights" title="">More Research Highlights</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="row row6"><div class="row-content"> <div class="column col-md-12 " data-panel=""> <div class="tile tile-default" id="bd5f5433-d181-4ff9-a38e-2171969fab24"> <div class="cover-latestpubs-tile tile-content clearfix box-border-none box-plain"> <div class="tile-header"> <h3 class="uppercase underline">Latest publications</h3> </div> <ul class="media-list"> <li class="media" id="publication-2094722"> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/publications/2094722" title="Quantifying the effects of antibiotic resistance and within-host competition on strain fitness in Streptococcus pneumoniae" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal" data-href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/publications/2094722/modal" class="state-synced"> <strong itemprop="name headline">Quantifying the effects of antibiotic resistance and within-host competition on strain fitness in Streptococcus pneumoniae</strong> </a> <p class="details"> Krishna A. et al, (2025) </p> <p> </p> </li> <li class="media" id="publication-2094942"> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/publications/2094942" title="Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in hospitalized children with pneumonia in Laos" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal" data-href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/publications/2094942/modal" class="state-synced"> <strong itemprop="name headline">Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in hospitalized children with pneumonia in Laos</strong> </a> <p class="details"> Vilivong K. et al, (2025), Wellcome Open Research, 8, 533 - 533 </p> <p> </p> </li> <li class="media" id="publication-2093479"> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/publications/2093479" title="Submicroscopic malaria in pregnancy and associated adverse pregnancy events: A case-cohort study of 4,352 women on the Thailand–Myanmar border" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal" data-href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/publications/2093479/modal" class="state-synced"> <strong itemprop="name headline">Submicroscopic malaria in pregnancy and associated adverse pregnancy events: A case-cohort study of 4,352 women on the Thailand–Myanmar border</strong> </a> <p class="details"> Gilder ME. et al, (2025), PLOS Medicine, 22, e1004529 - e1004529 </p> <p> </p> </li> <li class="media" id="publication-2094263"> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/publications/2094263" title="Optimizing nanopore adaptive sampling for pneumococcal serotype surveillance in complex samples using the graph-based GNASTy algorithm" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal" data-href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/publications/2094263/modal" class="state-synced"> <strong itemprop="name headline">Optimizing nanopore adaptive sampling for pneumococcal serotype surveillance in complex samples using the graph-based GNASTy algorithm</strong> </a> <p class="details"> Horsfield ST. et al, (2025), Genome Research, gr.279435.124 - gr.279435.124 </p> <p> </p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="below-page-body"></div> </div> </div> <div id="below-page-content"></div> </div> </div> <footer id="site-footer" class="container" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/WPFooter"> <hr /> <div class="row" style="margin-bottom:20px"> <div class="col-md-4"> </div> <div class="col-md-8"> <div id="site-copyright"> © 2025 Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 3/F, 60th Anniversary Chalermprakiat Building, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok 10400 Thailand </div> <ul id="footer-nav" class="list-inline"> <li> <a href=" /sitemap" rel="noopener">Sitemap </a> </li> <li> <a href=" /cookies" rel="noopener">Cookies </a> </li> <li> <a href=" http://www.ox.ac.uk/legal" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Copyright </a> </li> <li> <a href=" /accessibility" rel="noopener">Accessibility </a> </li> <li> <a href=" /data-privacy-policy" rel="noopener">Privacy Policy </a> </li> <li> <a href=" https://compliance.admin.ox.ac.uk/submit-foi" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Freedom of Information </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="site-actions-footer" class="visible-xs-block" style="margin:20px 0"> <ul class="list-unstyled list-inline text-center"> <li id="siteaction-sitemap"> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/sitemap" title="Site Map" accesskey="3">Site Map</a> </li> <li id="siteaction-accessibility"> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/accessibility" title="Accessibility" accesskey="0">Accessibility</a> </li> <li id="siteaction-cookie-policy"> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/cookies" title="Cookies" accesskey="">Cookies</a> </li> <li id="siteaction-contact-us"> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/about/contact-us" title="Contact us" accesskey="">Contact us</a> </li> <li id="siteaction-login"> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/Shibboleth.sso/Login?target=https://www.tropmedres.ac/shibboleth_loggedin?came_from=https://www.tropmedres.ac/" title="Log in" accesskey="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div><div id="haiku-mmenu"> <nav id="mmenu" data-counters="true" data-searchfield="true" data-title="Menu" data-search="true"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/about" class="state-published" title="Appropriately initiate 24/365 core competencies after resource-leveling partnerships. Authoritatively initiate clicks-and-mortar metrics rather than parallel potentialities."> <span>About</span> </a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/about/aims-objectives-1" class="state-published" title="Patient-centred research is the core of MORU's activities. Geographically dispersed across 5 research units and 50 sites across Asia and Africa, our integrated, highly collaborative, flexible network lets MORU address global and regional health problems such as drug resistant infections, malaria and critical illness"> <span>Aims & Objectives</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/about/structure" class="state-published" title=""> <span>Structure</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/about/study-sites" class="state-published" title="Patient-centred research is the core of MORU's activities. Geographically dispersed across 5 research units and 50 sites across Asia and Africa, our integrated, highly collaborative, flexible network lets MORU address global and regional health problems such as drug resistant infections, malaria and critical illness."> <span>Study Sites</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/about/significant-achievements" class="state-published" title="Patient-centred research is the core of MORU's activities, as it has been since our establishment in 1979 as a research collaboration between Thailand's Mahidol University and the UK's University of Oxford and Wellcome. Geographically dispersed across 5 research units and approximately 50 collaborative clinical research sites across Asia and Africa, the MORU Tropical Health Network’s integrated, highly collaborative, flexible structure allows us to address and have a significant impact on global and regional health problems."> <span>Significant achievements</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/about/equality-diversity" class="state-published" title="Greater participation and inclusivity, as well as recognising the value of diversity, lead to fairer opportunities to fulfil everybody's potential."> <span>Equity, Diversity and Inclusion</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/about/moru-annual-reports" class="state-published" title=""> <span>MORU Annual Reports</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/about/supporters" class="state-published" title="MORU is generously supported with significant funding from Wellcome (UK), our major funding partner. We also receive funding from other trusts and foundations, governments, and multi-lateral donors."> <span>Supporters</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/about/how-to-find-us" class="state-published" title=""> <span>How to find us</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/about/contact-us" class="state-published" title=""> <span>Contact Us</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/news" class="state-published" title=""> <span>News</span> </a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/news/research-highlights" class="state-published" title=""> <span>Research Highlights</span> </a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12936-025-05318-5" class="state-published" title="Posted 19/03/2025. Malaria studies often involve blood transfusion to severe malarial anaemic children. Accurate Anaemia diagnosis is crucial for effective management. Hence, important to determine the level of agreement among haemoglobin concentrations measurement methods. HemoCue® should be used with caution in settings where decisions about blood transfusions are made. By Mavuto Mukaka"> <span>Comparing HemoCue® and Quantitative Buffy Coat® and Coulter Counter-measured haemoglobin concentrations in African children with acute uncomplicated malaria: a Bland–Altman analysis</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cell.com/trends/microbiology/fulltext/S0966-842X(25)00036-8" class="state-published" title="Posted 14/03/2025. This commentary explores whether there is epistemic injustice in global antimicrobial resistance (AMR) research – who sets priorities, who produces knowledge, and which types of knowledge are valued. Prof Phaik Yeong Cheah and colleagues argue that epistemic injustice may have created blind spots in policy. Addressing this requires a commitment to diversity, equity, and inclusion."> <span>Tracing epistemic injustice in global antimicrobial resistance research</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1004529" class="state-published" title="Posted 11/03/2025. Malaria is known to be dangerous for pregnant women and their developing babies. But how much malaria is too much malaria? Using an ultra-sensitive PCR method that detects one parasite per drop of blood, Mary Ellen Gilder and SMRU colleagues found that even infections with very few parasites are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes."> <span>Submicroscopic malaria in pregnancy and associated adverse pregnancy events: A case-cohort study of 4,352 women on the Thailand–Myanmar border</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/jacamr/article/7/1/dlae215/7986017" class="state-published" title="Posted 07/03/2025. Reducing antibiotic duration is key to antimicrobial stewardship. A review of 315 trials found strong evidence for shorter courses in common infections but limited data for severe infections and low-income settings. Only 15% had low bias risk. More research is needed in critical care and resource-limited environments. By Mo Yin"> <span>Antibiotic duration for common bacterial infections - a systematic review</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(24)00327-9/fulltext" class="state-published" title="Posted 04/03/2025. Previously, the REGARD-VAP trial found that giving patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) a personalised, shorter antibiotic treatment was just as effective as usual care. Mo Yin and colleagues showed this approach is also cost-effective in Nepal, Singapore, and Thailand. This approach could save money, reduce antibiotic use, and help policymakers make better healthcare decisions despite some uncertainties."> <span>Cost-effectiveness of a short-course antibiotic treatment strategy for the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia: an economic analysis of the REGARD-VAP trial</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cpt.3582" class="state-published" title="Posted 18/02/2025. Emerging artemisinin-resistance in Africa threatens our ability to treat malaria. Joel Tarning and colleagues developed an optimal weight-based dosing of a fixed-dose artemether-lumefantrine-amodiaquine formulation using population pharmacokinetic modelling. Dosing was designed to achieve consistent drug exposure across all body weights. This formulation should simplify manufacturing and improve adherence, when treating resistant malaria."> <span>Dose-Optimization of a Novel Co-Formulated Triple Combination Antimalarial Therapy: Artemether-Lumefantrine-Amodiaquine</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41579-025-01148-z" class="state-published" title="Posted 29/01/2025. Conducting research in LMICs is undeniably challenging, with brain drain often surpassing reverse brain drain. We share an opinion discussing both the difficulties and rewards of working in this space. Claire Chewapreecha and Thongchai Chewprecha hope it will encourage international and national funding agencies to invest in LMIC talent, and drive meaningful, lasting impact."> <span>Overcoming research challenges in resource-limited settings: perspectives from Thailand</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0309518" class="state-published" title="Posted 24/01/2025. Salum Mshamu and colleagues evaluate community responses to novel design homes in Mtwara, Tanzania, aimed at reducing childhood diseases such as malaria, respiratory infections, and diarrhoea. Using qualitative research, the study explores how residents and neighbours interact with the novel housing design including its impact on residents' lives, social, cultural, and health-related issues. The findings offer insights for future community wide novel housing interventions."> <span>Community responses to a novel house design: A qualitative study of “Star Homes” in Mtwara, southeastern Tanzania</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgph.0004042" class="state-published" title="Posted 21/01/2025. Novel housing interventions (Star Homes) in Tanzania aim to prevent childhood diarrhea, malaria, and respiratory infections by addressing multiple aspects of housing—one of which is cooking stoves. Our research on Star Homes in rural Tanzania revealed inconsistent use of improved cookstoves, sparking a systematic review into factors influencing stove acceptability globally. By Bipin Adhikari"> <span>Acceptability of improved cook stoves-a scoping review of the literature</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13071-024-06655-1" class="state-published" title="Posted 17/01/2025. Victor Chaumeau and colleagues developed a reference MALDI-TOF mass spectra database for the identification of Anopheles mosquitoes from the Thailand-Myanmar border allowing rapid, affordable and accurate identification of medically important vector species, an important prerequisite to assess disease transmission and evaluate vector control. This is the first free open-source data analysis pipeline allowing anyone to replicate the analysis and develop reference database in-house."> <span>Identification of Southeast Asian Anopheles mosquito species with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry using a cross-correlation approach</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(24)00649-2/abstract" class="state-published" title="Posted 07/01/2025. The continued costs of a standard national AMR surveillance system are predicted to account for over 5% of the total domestic general government health expenditure (GGHE-D) for 28 LMICs and more than 2% of GGHE-D for 46 LMICs. This high cost is not sustainable without a long-term global financing mechanism. By Liz Ashley"> <span>Sustainable antimicrobial resistance surveillance: time for a global funding mechanism</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/jacamr/article/6/6/dlae195/7911932" class="state-published" title="Posted 20/12/2024. AmpC β-lactamases are a neglected cause of third generation cephalosporin resistance in Southeast Asia. This collaboration between COMRU, LOMWRU and SMRU showed that AmpC β-lactamases are an important cause of infection, though infections may be going undetected due to a lack of testing resulting in sub-optimal treatment for patients. By Tamalee Roberts"> <span>AmpC β-lactamases detected in Southeast Asian Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-54915-6" class="state-published" title="Posted 17/12/2024. Tom Peto and colleagues collected Plasmodium falciparum parasites from malaria patients in Cambodia and Vietnam between 2018 and 2020 in the MORU-led TACT-CV study. Novel molecular analyses of these samples at Nanyang Technological University identified new genetic factors that appear under selective pressure and may contribute to artemisinin resistance mechanisms in clinical settings."> <span>Population genomics and transcriptomics of Plasmodium falciparum in Cambodia and Vietnam uncover key components of the artemisinin resistance genetic background</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://equityhealthj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12939-024-02323-z" class="state-published" title="Posted 22/11/2024. Since 2023 the Chiang Rai community advisory board helped researchers understand the many local ethnic minority groups of Northern Thailand and vice-versa, improving cooperation and research activities. Over time, benefits have grown. Carlo Perrone and colleagues present their experience one year on, supporting long-term partnerships over project-based ones."> <span>A hill tribe community advisory board in Northern Thailand: lessons learned one year on</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/16549716.2024.2328893" class="state-published" title="Posted 20/11/2024. A participatory-action approach involving community members and adolescents resulted in a dialogue-drama (Karen and Burmese versions) on adolescent pregnancy, contraception, and choice in the event of an unplanned pregnancy. The dialogue-drama augmented discussion of traditionally taboo issues and this ethnographic method is potentially useful for similar global health settings. By Rose McGready"> <span>Community engagement to develop a dialogue-drama on adolescent pregnancy in a marginalised migrant population on the Thailand-Myanmar border: an ethnographic approach to participatory action research</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-77330-9" class="state-published" title="Posted 19/11/2024. Bob Taylor and colleagues determined that vitamin D deficiency is exceptionally high, 85%, in 510 5-15 years-old school children from Kandahar city, Afghanistan. Half had severe deficiency. Older children from poor families with limited outdoor activity and inadequate sun exposure were more likely to be deficient. These data provide evidence for a mitigation strategy."> <span>Prevalence and risk factors of vitamin D deficiency among Afghan primary school children</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://bmjpaedsopen.bmj.com/content/8/1/e002754" class="state-published" title="Posted 22/10/2024. Severe neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia is often diagnosed late in low-resources settings because of lack of point-of-care tools. In this study, Germana Bancone and SMRU researchers have evaluated the performance of a transcutaneous bilirubinometer for screening of neonates born along the Thai-Myanmar border. The study was supported by a Wellcome Trust iTPA grant."> <span>Non-invasive detection of bilirubin concentrations during the first week of life in a low-resource setting along the Thailand–Myanmar border</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/cmr.00109-24" class="state-published" title="Posted 18/10/2024. Nick White and K. Chotivanich publish a review of mechanisms, genetic associations, phenotyping, epidemiology and current status of artemisinin resistance, and a brief discussion of policies and potential counter-measures."> <span>Artemisinin-resistant malaria</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/psp4.13233" class="state-published" title="Posted 09/10/2024. Junjie Ding and the MORU Clinical Pharmacology Team developed an in-host dengue kinetic model to quantitatively predict drug effects in dengue fever. This model offers valuable insights to inform dengue drug development, and shows that ivermectin reduces NS1 but not viral load. The results are published in a leading PK/PD modelling journal, CPT:PSP."> <span>In-host modeling of dengue virus and non-structural protein 1 and the effects of ivermectin in patients with acute dengue fever</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-024-19858-z" class="state-published" title="Posted 17/09/2024. Bob Taylor and colleagues investigated 1205 primary school children in Kandahar and found almost 50% were stunted, 25% were underweight and 20% wasted. Risk factors for stunting in 6–9 year old children were poverty, skipping breakfast, and being a girl from a large family with an uneducated mother and an unemployed father."> <span>Prevalence and associated risk factors of stunting, wasting/thinness, and underweight among primary school children in Kandahar City, Afghanistan: a cross-sectional analytical study</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13063-024-08428-8" class="state-published" title="Posted 11/09/2024. The Groupe de Recherche Action en Santé, a Developing Paediatric Primaquine project partner, will assess, for the first time, the transmission blocking efficacy of allometrically-scaled, single low-dose primaquine, using the WHO-recommended 0.25 mg/kg target dose, in under-5 Burkinabe children with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum. The study protocol is now published. By Bob Taylor."> <span>Anti-infectivity efficacy and pharmacokinetics of WHO recommended single low-dose primaquine in children with acute Plasmodium falciparum in Burkina Faso: study protocol</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.journalofinfection.com/article/S0163-4453(24)00183-X/fulltext" class="state-published" title="Posted 10/09/2024. Collaborating with the Ministry of Public Health, Direk Limmathurotsakul and colleagues utilised an automated tool, evaluated and reported the frequency of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) infection in 111 public hospitals in Thailand in 2022. Our approach and findings highlight health regions and hospitals where actions against AMR infection, including antimicrobial stewardship and infection control, should be prioritised."> <span>Frequency of antimicrobial-resistant bloodstream infections in 111 hospitals in Thailand, 2022</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39070600/" class="state-published" title="Posted 04/09/2024. Over 50 years after its first publication, this revised classification of G6PD genetic variants is the result of the 2022 WHO Global Malaria Programme experts’ consultation led by Professor Lucio Luzzatto. The new classification reconciles biochemical and clinical aspects of the different G6PD mutations and provides a reliable reference for scientists and clinicians. By Germana Bancone."> <span>New WHO classification of genetic variants causing G6PD deficiency</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgph.0003372" class="state-published" title="Posted 17/07/2024. A large multidisciplinary team conducted qualitative research in five ICUs in Bangladesh and India. They found that less restrictive ICU visiting policies improved experiences for patients and families – and the family’s presence at the bedside could improve patient care. Supporting nurses to give routine updates promoted better communication with families. By Rebecca Inglis"> <span>Understanding patient and family experiences of critical care in Bangladesh and India: What are the priority actions to promote person-centred care?</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41541-024-00920-1" class="state-published" title="Posted 16/07/2024. Borimas Hanboonkunupakarn and coworkers from MORU and the Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand have shown that the co administration of the malaria vaccine R21/matrix M combined with the antimalarials drugs DHA/piperaquine and the single low dose primaquine does not interfere with the immunogenicity of the vaccine or the concentrations of piperaquine."> <span>A randomised trial of malaria vaccine R21/Matrix-M™ with and without antimalarial drugs in Thai adults</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-50067-9" class="state-published" title="Posted 15/07/2024. A recent study from northeast Thailand identified three major bacterial lineages responsible for melioidosis in the region. Each lineage carries unique gene sets that likely contribute to successful dissemination. These genes are expressed under environmental rather than infectious conditions, with one lineage showing overexpression under nutrient deprivation, highlighting environmental persistence is a prerequisite for infection. By Claire Chewapreecha"> <span>Genetic diversity, determinants, and dissemination of Burkholderia pseudomallei lineages implicated in melioidosis in Northeast Thailand</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://aricjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13756-024-01416-2" class="state-published" title="Posted 11/17/2024. Tackling antimicrobial resistance requires collaboration between communities, stakeholders and researchers. In the ‘AMR Dialogues’ project, Tassawan Poomchaichote, Phaik Yeong Cheah and colleagues conducted a series of conversations, bringing together people from different backgrounds. This paper summarises issues identified across Thailand and highlights four locally actionable ‘building blocks’ of co-created solutions."> <span>Embedding community and public voices in co-created solutions to mitigate antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Thailand using the ‘Responsive Dialogues’ public engagement framework</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://bmcglobalpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s44263-024-00053-6" class="state-published" title="Poster 09/07/2024. Genital herpes infections and their related complications lead to billions of dollars in health care expenditures and productivity losses globally, say researchers who calculated the first-ever global estimates of the economic costs of these conditions. The study calls for greater investment in prevention of herpes transmission, including concerted efforts to develop effective vaccines against this common virus. By Puttarin Kulchaitanaroaj; MAEMOD, MORU."> <span>Estimated global and regional economic burden of genital herpes simplex virus infection among 15–49 year-olds in 2016</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41182-024-00607-2" class="state-published" title="Posted 25/06/2024. The national malaria programme of Cambodia targets the rapid elimination of all human malaria by 2025. As clinical cases decline to near-elimination levels, an effective response to malaria outbreaks becomes the vital strategy. Authors report a programmatic response to a 2022 Plasmodium falciparum outbreak in Kravanh district, western Cambodia. By Bipin Adhikari."> <span>Impact of targeted drug administration and intermittent preventive treatment for forest goers using artesunate–pyronaridine to control malaria outbreaks in Cambodia</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12936-024-04947-6" class="state-published" title="Posted 21/06/2024. A new study by Bob Taylor and colleagues confirms that a 15 mg generic primaquine tablet, made by IPCA in India, is bioequivalent to the reference Sanofi product. The dossier has been submitted to WHO for prequalification. Once prequalified, it will be used to help eliminate malaria."> <span>Bioequivalence of a new coated 15 mg primaquine formulation for malaria elimination</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/11287462.2024.2361968" class="state-published" title="Posted 19/06/2024. Bipin Adhikari and colleagues reflect on how engagement with a youth advisory group on health and research engagement is carried out in a remote malaria endemic district of Cambodia. Authors discuss the processes, outputs and outcomes of youth group engagement including their relevance to broader goals of community engagement using a theory of change."> <span>A youth advisory group on health and health research in rural Cambodia</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/trstmh/advance-article/doi/10.1093/trstmh/trae036/7682094" class="state-published" title="Posted 03/06/2024. Childhood deaths from severe malaria can be prevented by giving rectal artesunate suppositories (RAS) but in January 2022, based on preliminary interpretation of a flawed observational study, WHO issued a moratorium on RAS. This has now been partially lifted, but use of RAS has markedly declined and thousands of malaria deaths have not been prevented. By Nick White."> <span>Rectal artesunate: lives not saved</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/trstmh/advance-article/doi/10.1093/trstmh/trae022/7663808?login=false" class="state-published" title="Posted 29/05/2024. In Africa, children < 5 years remain highly vulnerable to infectious diseases. Salum Mshamu and colleagues explored treatment seeking behaviour related to childhood illnesses in rural Mtwara, south-east Tanzania which was a part of community based novel housing intervention. How treatment seeking behaviour was influenced by institutional and community level factors are discussed in the article."> <span>Care seeking for childhood illnesses in rural Mtwara, south-east Tanzania: a mixed methods study</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://rdcu.be/dF0vj" class="state-published" title="Posted 28/05/2024. Bhensri Naemiratch and colleagues report on the interlinkages between AMR, gender and other socio-behavioural characteristics to identify priority knowledge gaps in human and animal health in LMICs. Three overarching themes were gendered division of caregiving roles and responsibilities, gender power relations in decision-making, and interactions between gender norms and health-seeking behaviours."> <span>Gender and equity considerations in AMR research: a systematic scoping review</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/aac.00093-24" class="state-published" title="Posted 01/05/2024. Makoto Saito and SMRU colleagues compared capillary and venous plasma concentrations of mefloquine, lumefantrine, and piperaquine in pregnant women with malaria. While there was a strong correlation, direct interchangeability was limited. Predictability within a ±10% precision range varied by drug. Caution is needed when converting capillary samples at the individual level."> <span>Comparison of lumefantrine, mefloquine, and piperaquine concentrations between capillary plasma and venous plasma samples in pregnant women with uncomplicated falciparum and vivax malaria</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lansea/article/PIIS2772-3682(24)00039-8/fulltext" class="state-published" title="Posted 09/04/2024. Using data collected in the SEACTN Rural Febrile Illness project, Christopher Chew and colleagues evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a putative multiplex rapid diagnostic test able to diagnose enteric fever and dengue, coupled with CRP measurement to guide antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections, in rural Cambodian and Bangladeshi primary care settings."> <span>Cost-effectiveness analysis of a multiplex lateral flow rapid diagnostic test for acute non-malarial febrile illness in rural Cambodia and Bangladesh</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://gh.bmj.com/content/9/4/e012874.full?ct=" class="state-published" title="Posted 05/04/2024. There are complex ethical tensions and competing interests that surround interventions to mitigate antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In this paper, Phaik Yeong Cheah, Bipin Adhikari and colleagues have identified how these are especially reflected in low- and middle-income countries. They highlight that these ethical tensions need to be kept in mind when designing AMR policies."> <span>Interventions to address antimicrobial resistance: an ethical analysis of key tensions and how they apply in low- income and middle-income countries</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0280056" class="state-published" title="Posted 12/03/2024. Phaik Yeong Cheah and colleagues conducted a qualitative study in northern Thailand among hilltribe ethnic minority groups to understand their challenges related to participating in research. These challenges included language barriers, travel difficulties, uncertain legal status and lack of access to healthcare. Researchers need to be aware of these to minimise the burdens of research participation."> <span>Vulnerability and agency in research participants’ daily lives and the research encounter: A qualitative case study of participants taking part in scrub typhus research in northern Thailand</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213260023004186" class="state-published" title="Posted 26/01/2024. Ventilator-associated pneumonia is common amongst critically-ill patients. Mo Yin and colleagues investigated a personalized approach to shorten antibiotic duration, and found it as effective as a longer treatment in terms of death or pneumonia recurrence; it also reduced antibiotic side effects significantly. This study provides crucial evidence to guide antibiotic prescription to reduce resistance emergence."> <span>Individualised, short-course antibiotic treatment versus usual long-course treatment for ventilator-associated pneumonia (REGARD-VAP): a multicentre, individually randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12936-024-04837-x" class="state-published" title="Posted 16/01/2024. Oraya Srimokla, Sompob Saralamba and their team developed specialized anomaly detection algorithms and a dashboard to enhance Thailand's malaria surveillance and elimination efforts. This system improves outbreak prediction accuracy and integrates seamlessly with existing infrastructure, aiding in the effective monitoring and identification of potential malaria outbreaks at the provincial level."> <span>Early warning systems for malaria outbreaks in Thailand: an anomaly detection approach</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12936-023-04828-4" class="state-published" title="Posted 10/01/2024. As malaria progressively declines in Cambodia, there's a concern about the diminishing relevance of village malaria workers (VMWs). In August 2023, a meeting addressed the feasibility and policy implications of VMWs managing non-malarial fevers, part of the operational research in western Cambodia to ensure VMWs remain active until malaria elimination is achieved. From Bipin Adhikari."> <span>Expanding the roles of community health workers to sustain programmes during malaria elimination: a meeting report on operational research in Southeast Asia</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://gh.bmj.com/content/8/12/e013462" class="state-published" title="Posted 20/12/2023. The verbal autopsy method can be sensitive to the individuals interviewed, their families and communities. Prior to study implementation, Nan Shwe Nwe Htun, Tom Peto and SEACTN colleagues sought to explore local beliefs and practices about death to inform appropriate bioethical practices and found that verbal autopsy is acceptable across a wide range of cultural settings in Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos PDR, and Cambodia."> <span>Ethical and cultural implications for conducting verbal autopsies in South and Southeast Asia: a qualitative study</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://gh.bmj.com/content/8/12/e013593" class="state-published" title="Posted 12/12/2023. Bipin Adhikari and colleagues compared community health worker programmes between Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa using a systematic review of the published literature. This was supplemented by discussions with key informants in Cambodia and mainland Tanzania to inform the existing malaria service delivery strategies in Tanzania."> <span>Comparing the roles of community health workers for malaria control and elimination in Cambodia and Tanzania</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-023-08772-1" class="state-published" title="Posted 01/12/2023. Parasitology is the gold standard for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), however, other less invasive tests are available such as the direct agglutination test (DAT). As part of the series of systematic reviews and meta-analysis on diagnostic accuracy of diagnostics for FIEBRE infections, Tamalee Roberts and colleagues estimate the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of DAT for the diagnosis of VL."> <span>Accuracy of the direct agglutination test for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0011706" class="state-published" title="Posted 21/11/2023. Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a group of preventable and treatable diseases common in Myanmar, primarily affecting marginalized rural communities. Myo Swe and colleagues provide an overview of reported NTDs in Myanmar over 100 years, indicating gaps in knowledge about certain diseases to inform future research directions related to NTDs in Myanmar."> <span>A systematic review of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in Myanmar</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.lww.com/pccmjournal/fulltext/9900/a_prognostic_model_for_critically_ill_children_in.272.aspx" class="state-published" title="Posted 20/11/23. Tools to assess illness severity are often impractical in settings with emerging critical care capacity. A prognostic model developed by Arjun Chandna and colleagues proved effective for triaging critically ill children. The tool provides holistic assessment of critical illness by combining measures of organ dysfunction with important contextual determinants of outcome, such as healthcare accessibility and the nutritional status of a child."> <span>A Prognostic Model for Critically Ill Children in Locations With Emerging Critical Care Capacity</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgph.0002166" class="state-published" title="Posted 17/11/2023. Early critical phase of the COVID-19 pandemic added tremendous pressure to find curative therapies. A lot of empirical treatments, including antimicrobials, were recommended. Drawing on interviews with patients, clinicians and drug dispensers, Bipin Adhikari and colleagues explore how and why antimicrobials may have been used for the management of COVID-19 in Nepal."> <span>Use of antimicrobials during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study among stakeholders in Nepal</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-41542-w" class="state-published" title="Posted 10/22/2023. Sean Cavany and colleagues publish a new perspective in Nature Communications that describes the possible mechanisms by which substandard and falsified antimicrobials could affect antimicrobial resistance and suggests ways to improve our understanding of this relationship. The article arose from the work of the FORESFA project, funded by a Wellcome Collaborative Award."> <span>The uncertain role of substandard and falsified medicines in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/7-309" class="state-published" title="Posted 01/11/2023. ACORN (A Clinically Oriented Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance network) is a WHO GLASS compatible case-based surveillance method for antimicrobial resistance that produces more meaningful and locally actionable data. Rogier van Doorn and colleagues publish the results of a pilot in three countries, showing proof of principle and valuable lessons to be learned going forward. More at: acornamr.net"> <span>A Clinically Oriented antimicrobial Resistance surveillance Network (ACORN): pilot implementation in three countries in Southeast Asia, 2019-2020</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(23)00653-9/fulltext" class="state-published" title="Posted 24/10/2023. In the review of a book ‘Tore Godal and the evolution of global health by Conrad Keating’, Bipin Adhikari and Lorenz von Seidlein discuss Tore Godal’s contributions to Global Health projects while remaining in the background. There are lessons for those aspiring to influence Global Health."> <span>Leadership in global health</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-023-01720-8" class="state-published" title="Posted 29/10/2023. Historically, vaccine mandates and opposition to vaccines have co-existed, starting with smallpox vaccination mandates in the 1800s. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the benefits of vaccine mandates were weighed against potential damage to public trust. Bipin Adhikari and colleagues discuss whether and how vaccine mandates can co-exist with public trust."> <span>Vaccine mandates and public trust do not have to be antagonistic</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352396423003717" class="state-published" title="Posted 29/09/2023. This large study on the pharmacokinetics of single low dose primaquine in young Ugandan and Congolese children will help the MORU team develop an optimal dose for children with falciparum malaria to block malaria transmission and contribute to malaria elimination, especially of resistant falciparum parasites. By Bob Taylor"> <span>Pharmacokinetics of single low dose primaquine in Ugandan and Congolese children with falciparum malaria</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ajtmh.org/view/journals/tpmd/aop/article-10.4269-ajtmh.23-0293/article-10.4269-ajtmh.23-0293.xml" class="state-published" title="Posted 26/09/2023. In this pilot study, Caterina Fanello and colleagues evaluated the prevalence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and related neonatal and maternal risk factors in a semi-rural area of the Democratic Republic of Congo. They also explored knowledge and practices of expectant mothers regarding this condition. Ways forward to improve diagnosis and treatment in these settings are discussed."> <span>Improving neonatal health in rural Africa: how much do we know about neonatal jaundice?</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0283405" class="state-published" title="Posted 22/09/2023. The transformation of village malaria workers (VMWs) into community health workers with roles beyond malaria is a promising approach for sustaining health care provision in remote areas. Rupam Tripura and colleagues discuss on how training on health education could be optimized for VMWs."> <span>Expanding the role of village malaria workers in Cambodia: Implementation and evaluation of four health education packages</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgph.0002062" class="state-published" title="Posted 08/09/2023. Sharing results with participants from research studies is largely underappreciated. Bipin Adhikari and colleagues explore the perception and practice of results-sharing in malaria related clinical trials among researchers. Although there was a consensus on the rationale of result sharing to participants, most researchers thought that disseminating results to policymakers and stakeholders for research translation was more important."> <span>Sharing results with participants (and community) in malaria related research: Perspectives and experience from researchers</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/jac/article/78/9/2192/7227185" class="state-published" title="Posted 06/09/2023. Sompob Saralamba and colleagues have proposed a new model explaining why increased dosing of antimalarial drug artemisinin doesn't speed up parasite clearance. It suggests that exposure to the drug makes some malaria parasites temporarily resistant, leading to either delayed death or reactivation. This could revolutionize treatment strategies for this deadly disease."> <span>An artesunate pharmacometric model to explain therapeutic responses in falciparum malaria</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgph.0001538" class="state-published" title="Posted 05/09/2023. Arjun Chandna and colleagues show that a point-of-care test for the soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) has good prognostic accuracy to predict oxygen requirement in patients presenting with moderate Covid-19 and suggest that suPAR should be explored for risk stratification of other infectious diseases."> <span>Point-of-care prognostication in moderate Covid-19: Analytical validation and prognostic accuracy of a soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) rapid test</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771423001386" class="state-published" title="Posted 31/08/2023. Vendors at wet markets in Laos may be exposed to different zoonotic pathogens depending on the types of food they sell. A one-year serological survey by Matthew Robinson and colleagues identified that individuals selling vegetables, domestic farmed meat, or wildlife meat, were potentially infected by important bacterial pathogens associated with both farmed animals and wildlife."> <span>Longitudinal comparison of bacterial pathogen seropositivity among wet market vendors in the Lao People's Democratic Republic</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/8-194/v1" class="state-published" title="Posted 30/08/2023. Alternative Design Trials (ADTs) and Adaptive Platform Trials (APTs) have enabled efficient large-scale testing of biomedical interventions during recent Public Health Emergencies (PHEs). Alun Davies and colleagues aimed to rapidly review evidence on engagement and informed consent for ADTs and APTs during PHE to consider what (if any) recommendations can inform practice."> <span>A rapid review of community engagement and informed consent processes for adaptive platform trials and alternative design trials for public health emergencies</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-023-02991-8" class="state-published" title="Posted 30/08/2023. This study by Makoto Saito and colleagues analysing 213 severe malaria cases in pregnancy at SMRU, MORU and OUCRU showed vital organ dysfunction led to high maternal and fetal mortality. In contrast, severe anaemia or hyperparasitaemia alone did not. This marked difference may explain the variation of mortality reported in the literature. Early diagnosis and treatment of malaria and anaemia in antenatal care should be promoted."> <span>Severe falciparum malaria in pregnancy in Southeast Asia: a multi-centre retrospective cohort study</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-023-08482-8" class="state-published" title="Posted 18/08/2023. Fever is a common reason to seek healthcare in Southeast Asia, and the decline of malaria has further complicated fever perceptions and actions taken. This mixed-methods study from 2019, on Thai-Myanmar border revealed diverse range of fever conceptions, symptoms and believed causes. Napat Khirikoekkong, Supa-at Asarath and colleagues mapped out context-specific healthcare seeking strategies and discussed its influencing key determinants."> <span>Fever and health-seeking behaviour among migrants living along the Thai-Myanmar border: a mixed-methods study</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-38731-4" class="state-published" title="Posted 16/08/2023. Tools for safe community-based childhood pneumonia management are needed. Studies often do not include outpatients or consider whether laboratory tests add value to clinical assessment. Arjun Chandna and colleagues found that Angiopoietin-2 improved performance of a validated risk score (LqSOFA) to predict oxygen requirement amongst refugee children with pneumonia on the Thailand-Myanmar border."> <span>Defining the role of host biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of the severity of childhood pneumonia: a prospective cohort study</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/trstmh/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/trstmh/trad039/7205699" class="state-published" title="Posted 30/06/2023. Millions of affordable healthy homes are needed for the rapidly expanding population of sub-Saharan Africa. A pilot project in northern Tanzania demonstrates the potential of novel house designs to reduce infectious disease transmission in homes. Lorenz von Seidlein and colleagues describe the challenges experienced during the construction and initial evaluation of the novel homes."> <span>Studying the health benefits of improved housing in rural Tanzania: challenges and progress</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-023-15892-5" class="state-published" title="Posted 20/06/2023. The SEBCOV study reveals captivating insights into the Malaysian experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. With a nationwide Movement Control Order and a race to administer vaccines, Malaysians faced unprecedented challenges. Phaik Kin Cheah, Phaik Yeong Cheah and colleagues highlight the coping strategies, economic impacts, lifestyle changes, and evolving perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccine."> <span>Experiences, coping strategies and perspectives of people in Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/trstmh/advance-article/doi/10.1093/trstmh/trad036/7198281" class="state-published" title="Posted 16/06/2023. The decline of malaria in Southeast Asia means other causes of fever are increasingly relevant, but often undiagnosed. Deployment of novel point-of-care tests for acute febrile illnesses in primary care settings is feasible if tests are user-friendly, well-selected for local pathogens, accompanied by disease-specific education, and have simple management algorithms. By Thomas Peto and Bipin Adhikari"> <span>The feasibility of novel point-of-care diagnostics for febrile illnesses at health centres in Southeast Asia: a mixed-methods study</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0011331" class="state-published" title="Posted 08/06/2023. Richard Maude and colleagues investigated dengue in Myanmar, focusing on its epidemiology, association with climate, and short-term prediction. Dengue was observed to be widespread across the country, with an increasing spatial reach. Incidence was influenced by climate factors, but varied across different regions. Utilizing time series analysis, researchers also forecasted dengue incidence one month ahead at subnational levels. The findings highlight the potential of spatiotemporal modelling to quantify risk factor associations and generate short-term predictions, assisting in intervention planning."> <span>Dengue in Myanmar: Spatiotemporal epidemiology, association with climate and short-term prediction</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772707623000620" class="state-published" title="Posted 26/05/2023. In a recent study from Angkor Hospital for Children, Paul Turner and colleagues recruited over 2,000 Cambodian children with clinical pneumonia in the first three years following pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) introduction nationally. PCV13 vaccinated children were less likely to have severe presentations, i.e. x-ray confirmed or hypoxic pneumonia, compared to non-vaccinated children."> <span>Pneumococcal colonisation and pneumonia severity in hospitalised Cambodian children following introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgph.0001875" class="state-published" title="Posted 23/05/2023. Napat Khirikoekkong, Supa-at Asarath, Phaik Yeong Cheah, and colleagues analyse how the socio-cultural norm of Arr-nar or Kreng-jai influences the research experiences of individuals taking part in research on the Thai-Myanmar border. Arr-nar (in Burmese/Karen) or Kreng-jai (in Thai) encompasses multiple meanings including consideration for others and graciousness."> <span>Culturally responsive research ethics: How the socio-ethical norms of Arr-nar/Kreng-jai inform research participation at the Thai-Myanmar border</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1144642/full" class="state-published" title="Posted 09/05/2023. Implementation of evidence-based newborn care interventions in low-resource settings works! Very and moderate preterm neonatal mortality reduced by 68% and 53% between 2008-2017 in refugees and migrants. Find out how Ahmar Hashmi, Verena Carrara, Rose McGready and SMRU colleagues achieved this."> <span>Born too soon in a resource-limited setting: A 10-year mixed methods review of a special care baby unit for refugees and migrants on the Myanmar-Thailand border</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/jac/advance-article/doi/10.1093/jac/dkad113/7127729" class="state-published" title="Posted 02/05/2023. The ‘Antibiotic footprint’ concept supports a global reduction in antibiotic overuse. In this paper, Direk Limmathurotsakul and colleagues describe ‘antibiotic footprint calculator’, an open-access, web-based application that lets anyone calculate how different individual decisions can reduce or increase their own personal antibiotic footprint."> <span>Raising awareness of antimicrobial resistance: development of an ‘antibiotic footprint calculator’</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.jmir.org/2023/1/e41028" class="state-published" title="Posted 10/03/2023. Timo Tolppa and CCAA colleagues conducted a qualitative study across 4 South Asian countries to understand the implementation of a critical care registry, which is used to enable quality improvement and research. Implementation was possible due to motivated champions, a supportive community of practice and efforts to fit the registry with existing practice."> <span>Determinants of Implementation of a Critical Care Registry in Asia: Lessons From a Qualitative Study</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/3/400" class="state-published" title="Posted 07/03/2023. Understanding the Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity of vivax patients is critical for the appropriate choice of radical cure regimens for vivax malaria. Village malaria workers (VMWs) in rural Cambodia are frequently the first and only health care providers for malaria patients but lack G6PD diagnostics. Bipin Adhikari and colleagues found that after training VMWs can use biosensors to assess G6PD activity just as well as laboratory technicians."> <span>Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Measurement Using Biosensors by Community-Based Village Malaria Workers and Hospital Laboratory Staff in Cambodia: A Quantitative Study</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0280056" class="state-published" title="Posted 07/02/2023. Rachel Greer and team in Chiangrai, Thailand found that the challenges research participants face in their daily lives, such as, language barriers and limited access to healthcare can influence their experiences of taking part in research. Researchers need to be responsive towards these specific vulnerabilities in order to reduce the burdens and maximize the benefits of research for participants."> <span>Vulnerability and agency in research participants’ daily lives and the research encounter: A qualitative case study of participants taking part in scrub typhus research in northern Thailand</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(22)02488-6/fulltext" class="state-published" title="Posted 23/12/2022. December 2022 sees two notable anniversaries: the 200th anniversary of the birth of Louis Pasteur and the third anniversary of China's announcement of the COVID-19 outbreak. On these coinciding events, Phaik Yeong Cheah and colleagues reflect on past and current global challenges to bring epidemics under control."> <span>Louis Pasteur, COVID-19, and the social challenges of epidemics</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(22)00765-4/fulltext" class="state-published" title="Posted 22/12/2022. On Jan 27, 2022, WHO recommended a moratorium on the deployment of rectal artesunate suppositories for severe malaria and in doing so stopped the roll-out of a lifesaving intervention. The decision is based on data from a large demonstration project CARAMAL. Lorenz von Seidlein discusses the project and its consequences with two leaders of the project in a point- counterpoint published in the Lancet infectious Diseases."> <span>The wrongful indictment of pre-referral rectal artesunate further delays the roll-out of this lifesaving drug</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/12/e066529" class="state-published" title="Posted 20/12/2022. G6PD deficiency is a major risk factor for severe neonatal jaundice among neonates born at the Thailand-Myanmar border. Early identification of G6PD deficiency can dramatically improve clinical care. In this study Germana Bancone and colleagues showed that a new point-of-care quantitative G6PD test used by trained midwives can reliably identify neonates with abnormal G6PD at birth."> <span>Technical evaluation and usability of a quantitative G6PD POC test in cord blood: a mixed-methods study in a low-resource setting</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772368222001457" class="state-published" title="Posted 16/12/2022. Radical cure of vivax malaria with primaquine requires testing for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, which is currently not provided at the community level in Cambodia. In this article, Bipin Adhikari and colleagues describe the core components needed for implementing radical cure at the community, which will increase coverage important for rapid vivax malaria elimination."> <span>Village malaria workers for the community-based management of vivax malaria</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(22)00697-1/fulltext" class="state-published" title="Posted 14/12/2022. Malaria outbreaks can be driven by genetic selection rather than environmental or behavioural causes. Varanya Wasakul, Olivo Miotto and colleagues investigated a Plasmodium falciparum outbreak in Attapeu, Laos, in 2020-2021, using genomic epidemiology methods to elucidate parasite population dynamics, identify the outbreak’s causes and reconstruct the origin of the circulating strains."> <span>Malaria outbreak in Laos driven by a selective sweep for Plasmodium falciparum kelch13 R539T mutants: a genetic epidemiology analysis</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/vbz.2022.0029" class="state-published" title="Posted 06/12/2011. Scrub typhus is an important cause of febrile illness in Laos. Ivo Elliott and colleagues collected, identified and tested small mammals hosts and vector chigger mites for Orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative pathogen. A single pool of chiggers tested PCR positive and 16/52 (31%) of small mammals were seropositive. These are the first molecular and serological data on O. tsutsugamushi in vectors and non-human hosts from Laos."> <span>Orientia tsutsugamushi in Chiggers and Small Mammals in Laos</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673622018815" class="state-published" title="Posted 29/11/22. Makoto Saito and colleagues evaluated the fetal safety of antimalarials in the first trimester of pregnancy. Pregnant women who were treated with artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) in the first trimester had fewer fetal losses and congenital anomalies than quinine-treated women. Updated WHO guidelines recommend ACT, particularly artemether-lumefantrine, for all trimesters."> <span>Pregnancy outcomes after first-trimester treatment with artemisinin derivatives versus non-artemisinin antimalarials: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://bmcmedethics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12910-022-00848-y" class="state-published" title="Posted 22/11/2022. Who owns individual-level health data collected from health research and clinical care? In this paper Phaik Yeong Cheah and Jan Piasecki argues that neither public ownership nor private ownership will allow us to resolve all the problems associated with effective, equitable, and ethical use of data."> <span>Ownership of individual-level health data, data sharing, and data governance</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bcp.15569" class="state-published" title="Posted 21/10/2022. Amodiaquine is an important antimalarial widely used for the treatment and prevention of malaria, protecting millions of African children every year. Xin Hui Chan and colleagues characterised the concentration-dependency of the bradycardic, hypotensive, and QT-prolonging effects of amodiaquine and its active metabolite desethylamodiaquine in clinical and pre-clinical studies, providing evidence of their causal role."> <span>Cardiovascular Concentration-Effect Relationships of Amodiaquine and its Metabolite Desethylamodiaquine: Clinical and Pre-clinical Studies</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590136222000730" class="state-published" title="Posted 18/10/2022. Trust is perhaps the most frequently attributed element in decision making for vaccine uptake. But what is trust, and how does it affect vaccine decision? In this qualitative review, Bipin Adhikari and colleagues explored how decisions on vaccine uptake are made, the role of trust and ways to build it."> <span>Trust is the common denominator for COVID-19 vaccine acceptance: A literature review</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12936-022-04300-9" class="state-published" title="Posted 07/10/2022. G6PD measurement is critical before including primaquine or tafenoquine in the treatment for vivax malaria. Bipin Adhikari and colleagues explored whether first line health care providers can safely handle G6PD biosensors in the rural Cambodia. Our findings suggest that the radical cure for vivax malaria can be safely administered at the point of first contact, thus preventing relapse and continued transmission in a much larger population than through hospital based management."> <span>Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) quantitation using biosensors at the point of first contact: a mixed method study in Cambodia</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/Fulltext/9900/Barriers_to_Quality_Perioperative_Care_Delivery_in.410.aspx" class="state-published" title="Posted 05/10/2022. Sutharshan Vengadasalam, Timo Tolppa and colleagues employed pathway mapping, ethnography, and interviews in Colombia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Tanzania and Uganda, and found four common barriers to the delivery of quality perioperative care - Fragmented care pathways, limited human and structural resources, direct and indirect costs, and patients' low expectations of care."> <span>Barriers to Quality Perioperative Care Delivery in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Qualitative Rapid Appraisal Study</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0273249" class="state-published" title="Posted 21/09/2022. Phaik Yeong Cheah and colleagues asked malaria stakeholders in Burkina Faso and Nigeria: What are the key ethical considerations to be considered in the deployment of Triple Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies for malaria in Africa when artemisinin combination therapies are effective in most of Africa?"> <span>Ethical considerations in deploying triple artemisinin-based combination therapies for malaria: An analysis of stakeholders’ perspectives in Burkina Faso and Nigeria</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0274320" class="state-published" title="Posted 14/09/2022. Victor Chaumeau and colleagues evaluated the efficacy of outdoor residual spraying for malaria vector control on the Thailand-Myanmar border. Intervention was showed to rapidly interrupt transmission in a setting where the vectors bite mostly outdoors and at a time when people are not protected by mosquito bed nets."> <span>Outdoor residual spraying for malaria vector-control in Kayin (Karen) state, Myanmar: A cluster randomized controlled trial</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://gh.bmj.com/content/7/8/e008564" class="state-published" title="Posted 31/08/2022. Substandard and falsified anti-infectives used in human and animals are common, especially in Low- and Middle-Income countries, leading to poor clinical outcomes, adverse drug reactions, economic losses, mistrust in health systems and potentially leading to AMR emergence and spread. One Health research is needed to assess their impact on AMR, by Celine Caillet and colleagues."> <span>The quality of veterinary medicines and their implications for One Health</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35680474/" class="state-published" title="Posted 12/08/2022. This small series describes four family members who contracted cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania major that did not improve in two patients and worsened in the other two despite 4 weeks of intralesional meglumine antimoniate. All responded to a 4-week course of oral ketoconazole. The paper provides an interesting discussion, by Bob Taylor and colleagues"> <span>A family cluster of cutaneous Leishmania major infection unresponsive to intralesional meglumine antimonial: Case reports</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00268-022-06621-x" class="state-published" title="Posted 09/08/2022. Timo Tolppa and CCAA colleagues reviewed the literature on perioperative care pathways in resource-poor settings and found that pathways are increasingly used there with an aim to improve care quality. Patient and clinician beliefs were a major challenge in care pathway implementation, whereas facilitators included context-relevant adaptations, strong evidence-base and teamwork."> <span>Perioperative Care Pathways in Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries: Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.abn5040" class="state-published" title="Posted 02/08/2022. Severe malaria is difficult to diagnose in high malaria transmission areas because of the high coincidence of malaria with other febrile illnesses. James Watson and colleagues analysed platelet counts and plasma PfHRP2 concentrations from >2000 severely ill children and show that around a third of children diagnosed with severe malaria have in fact another cause of illness."> <span>Improving the diagnosis of severe malaria in African children using platelet counts and plasma PfHRP2 concentrations</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langas/article/PIIS2468-1253(21)00012-1/ppt" class="state-published" title="Posted 28/07/2022. Meiwen Zhang and Tom Peto start a prevalence survey, including Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C, among the rural population in Bangladesh, Cambodia, and Thailand. In 2021 Meiwen and colleagues published a pilot implementation project on hepatitis C testing and treatment in rural Cambodia."> <span>Decentralised hepatitis C testing and treatment in rural Cambodia: evaluation of a simplified service model integrated in an existing public health system</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgph.0000723" class="state-published" title="Posted 26/07/2022. In this paper, Phaik Yeong Cheah and colleagues describe the challenges and coping strategies related to public health measures during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Thailand. Major challenges identified included financial hardship, social isolation and loneliness. Coping strategies included turning to religion, practicing acceptance and ‘making merit’ (Tham-bun in Thai)."> <span>“Like a wake-up call for humankind”: Views, challenges, and coping strategies related to public health measures during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Thailand</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-022-07504-1" class="state-published" title="Posted 19/07/2022. What effect temperature and time have on organism detection from positive blood culture bottles is unknown. Tamalee Roberts, Arjun Chandna and colleagues found that the majority of organisms were recoverable from positive blood culture bottles stored at room temperature. Amies transport swabs also proved effective for transporting blood culture broth and preserving organism viability."> <span>Impact of delayed processing of positive blood cultures on organism detection: a prospective multi-centre study</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-022-07569-y" class="state-published" title="Posted 14/07/2022. Children bear a substantial burden of TB disease on the Thai-Myanmar border. Treatment success rate exceeded the WHO End TB target of 90%, suggesting that similar vulnerable populations could benefit from the enhanced support of this residential TB program offered by Francois Nosten and colleagues. However better child-friendly diagnostics are needed to improve the detection of TB in children."> <span>High burden of childhood tuberculosis in migrants: a retrospective cohort study from the Thailand–Myanmar border</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgph.0000475" class="state-published" title="Posted 22/06/2022. Mutations on the G6PD and UGT1A1 genes play a large role in neonatal jaundice, including the severe forms, among Karen and Burman neonates. Germana Bancone and colleagues show that improved diagnostics are urgently needed and different screening strategies should be considered in populations with a high prevalence of these traits."> <span>Contribution of genetic factors to high rates of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia on the Thailand-Myanmar border</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(22)00174-7/fulltext" class="state-published" title="Posted 21/06/2022. The South-East Asia Encephalitis Consortium, coordinated by Institut Pasteur-Paris, published in Lancet Global Health, a large prospective study of childhood encephalitis in Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam and Myanmar. The Lao site was coordinated by LOMWRU/Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital. This demonstrated the vital importance of prevention, especially vaccination against Japanese encephalitis, and access to rapid, tiered diagnosis and treatment."> <span>Childhood encephalitis in the Greater Mekong region (the SouthEast Asia Encephalitis Project): a multicentre prospective study</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.795503/full" class="state-published" title="Posted 13/05/2022. “Under the Mask” is a 75-min feature film that follows the lives of patients with TB who live on the Thai-Myanmar border. Phaik Yeong Cheah, Michele Vincenti Delmas and colleagues explains the genesis and development of the film, and how it has been used to engage communities at risk of TB."> <span>Under the Mask: A Film on Tuberculosis at the Thai-Myanmar Border</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)02804-X/fulltext" class="state-published" title="Posted 03/05/2022. We’ve all been there! Waiting forever for reviewers comments after submission our paper to a journal. The system is not working. Should we pay reviewers to review a paper? Will it make a difference? Phaik Yeong Cheah and Jan Piasecki give some arguments why we should. What are your thoughts?"> <span>Should peer reviewers be paid to review academic papers?</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciac224/6551704" class="state-published" title="Posted 29/03/2022. In regions with low Covid-19 vaccine coverage, health systems remain vulnerable to surges in infections. Arjun Chandna and colleagues developed three clinical prediction models to help identify patients safe for community-based management. Each model contains three simple clinical parameters (age, sex, SpO2) and one point-of-care biomarker, and could help protect resource-limited health systems."> <span>Facilitating safe discharge through predicting disease progression in moderate COVID-19: a prospective cohort study to develop and validate a clinical prediction model in resource-limited settings</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(21)00692-7/fulltext" class="state-published" title="Posted 22/03/2022. The first randomised trial of artemether-lumefantrine plus amodiaquine for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in areas with a high prevalence of artemisinin resistance shows it is a well-tolerated, effective treatment for multidrug-resistant parasites. Coordinated by Tom Peto, James Callery and Rupam Tripura, the triple therapy provides an alternative first-line treatment in Southeast Asia and elsewhere, with an expected longer therapeutic lifetime than current artemisinin combination therapies."> <span>Triple therapy with artemether–lumefantrine plus amodiaquine versus artemether–lumefantrine alone for artemisinin-resistant, uncomplicated falciparum malaria: an open-label, randomised, multicentre trial</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(22)00157-8/fulltext" class="state-published" title="Posted 15/03/2022. Bipin Adhikari reviews a book titled ‘Phantom Plague: How Tuberculosis Shaped History’ by Vidya Krishnan--a prominent medical science reporter. The book is a compelling journey into a history of medicine, current development of Tuberculosis epidemiology and treatment, and Global Health and is an essential read in Global Health."> <span>History and evolution of tuberculosis and global health</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dewb.12341" class="state-published" title="Posted 11/03/2022. In paediatric research, a legal representative must provide consent on behalf of the child. Using Thailand as a case study, Sheila Varadan, Phaik Yeong Cheah and colleagues contemplate how international legal frameworks could be leveraged to navigate legal uncertainty in the informed consent process, enabling more children to participate in paediatric clinical research."> <span>The proxy dilemma: Informed consent in paediatric clinical research - a case study of Thailand</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://elifesciences.org/articles/73080" class="state-published" title="Posted 08/03/2022. In this review, Victor Chaumeau and colleagues assessed the level of association between antibody responses to mosquito salivary antigens and the metrics of malaria transmission across different areas of the globe. They identified knowledge gaps that need to be addressed before these serological markers of exposure to vector bites can be used operationally for malaria elimination."> <span>Anopheles salivary antigens as serological biomarkers of vector exposure and malaria transmission: A systematic review with multilevel modelling</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.biomedcentral.com/epdf/10.1186/s12936-022-04069-x" class="state-published" title="Posted 01/03/2022. Nils Kaehler and colleagues, policymakers and researchers involved in malaria offered insights on strategies for community engagement for malaria elimination in the Greater Mekong Subregion. More than ever, sustaining community engagement and engaging with community-based health workers are critical to ensure that the last remaining malaria cases are not left 'untreated'."> <span>Community engagement for malaria elimination in the Greater Mekong Sub‑region: a qualitative study among malaria researchers and policymakers</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/jacamr/article/4/1/dlac006/6523932" class="state-published" title="Posted 23/02/2022. Simple diagnostics are needed for enhanced antimicrobial resistance surveillance. Tamalee Roberts and colleagues showed how InTray COLOREX Screen chromogenic agar can be used for simple and rapid detection of uropathogens and ESBLs in LMIC settings. Inoculated agar plates also have the potential for easy storage and transport from field sites to central laboratories."> <span>Utility of InTray COLOREX Screen agar and InTray COLOREX ESBL agar for urine culture in the Lao PDR</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0262421" class="state-published" title="Posted 10/02/2022. In many countries, strict public health measures characterised the first wave of the pandemic, disrupting and changing everyday lives. But how were these measures individually experienced? This qualitative study by Mira Schneiders and colleagues provides a rich account of the challenges, opportunities and coping strategies of people living through the first COVID lockdown in Thailand, Malaysia, Italy, and the UK."> <span>The impact of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions on the lived experiences of people living in Thailand, Malaysia, Italy and the United Kingdom: A cross-country qualitative study</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://globalizationandhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12992-022-00798-5" class="state-published" title="Posted 09/02/2022. To understand how complex social and programmatic interventions work, a mix of methods that entailed a blend of literature review, reflections from experiential and disciplinary expertise were utilized. This review by Bipin Adhikari and colleagues highlights the complexity of Nepal’s primary health care system (PHC), how it has evolved over the decades and through the current federalization, and challenges and opportunities to transform the PHC."> <span>Transforming Nepal’s primary health care delivery system in global health era: addressing historical and current implementation challenges</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanmic/article/PIIS2666-5247(21)00249-4/fulltext" class="state-published" title="Posted 04/02/2022. Current knowledge of P. falciparum artemisinin resistance evolution in Asia is as old as 4yrs ago. For swift policy decisions, rapid sharing of data collected over extended periods in the same areas is highly needed. Frank Kagoro and colleagues found a steady increase in geographic locations and the proportion of artemisinin resistance from 2002 to 2018. Using the latest WHO classification, the authors map all published K13 markers in Asia by province and district."> <span>Mapping genetic markers of artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Asia: a systematic review and spatiotemporal analysis</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-04816-9" class="state-published" title="Posted 28/01/2022. This case-control study by Koukeo Phommasone and colleagues aimed to determine the causes of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in patients presenting to a hospital in Laos. ARI was commonly attributed to influenza A and B, human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus. Other organisms were detected at similar frequency in cases and controls."> <span>A case–control study of the causes of acute respiratory infection among hospitalized patients in Northeastern Laos</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1003890" class="state-published" title="Posted 25/01/2022. This latest addition by Elizabeth Ashley and colleagues to the PLOS Medicine Vivax Malaria Collection describes the clinical impacts of Plasmodium vivax malaria, and incorporates a rapid systematic review of severe disease. Reports of severe vivax malaria are increasing, however the literature is dominated by case reports and case series, impeding accurate estimation of incidence."> <span>Clinical impact of vivax malaria: A collection review</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(21)00485-X/fulltext" class="state-published" title="Posted 23/12/2021. Marcus Schultz and colleagues analysed 4 large prospective observational studies conducted in 534 ICUs in 54 countries. Patients in middle–income countries were younger, shorter with a slightly lower BMI, had more often diabetes and active cancer, but less often COPD and heart failure. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were similar. ICU mortality was higher in middle–income countries, and inversely associated with GDP."> <span>Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management, and outcomes in invasively ventilated intensive care unit patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanplh/article/PIIS2542-5196(21)00280-1/fulltext" class="state-published" title="Posted 12/11/2021. Global antibiotic consumption rates increased by 46 percent in the last two decades, according to the first study to provide longitudinal estimates of human consumption in 204 countries from 2000 to 2018. Annie Browne, Christiane Dolecek and colleagues used a novel approach that deployed statistical modelling techniques and incorporated multiple data sources, to help us address a number of public health challenges, from combating drug resistant infections to providing access to basic treatment"> <span>Global antibiotic consumption and usage in humans, 2000–18: a spatial modelling study</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgph.0000018" class="state-published" title="Posted 05/22/2021. Generation of quality surveillance data is one of the pillars of the WHO response to the global AMR problem. However, work by LOMWRU’s Tamalee Roberts and colleagues estimates that laboratory setup and running costs for hospital-based AMR surveillance in Southeast Asia are likely to be prohibitive in many resource-limited settings."> <span>Antimicrobial resistance detection in Southeast Asian hospitals is critically important from both patient and societal perspectives, but what is its cost?</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/mbe/advance-article/doi/10.1093/molbev/msab306/6400259" class="state-published" title="Posted 02/11/2021. Claire Chewapreecha and colleagues employ a powerful combination of genome-wide epistasis and co-selection study (GWES); gene expression analyses and gene knockout assays to identify the key genes that have been repeatedly selected through Burkholderia pseudomallei evolution. The study indicates that the bacterium is evolutionarily primed to survive nutrient-depleted soils and highlights the need to protect environmental health as part of disease prevention."> <span>Co-evolutionary signals identify Burkholderia pseudomallei survival strategies in a hostile environment</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13071-021-05042-4" class="state-published" title="Posted 20/10/2021. Scrub typhus infects over a million people a year across the Asia-Pacific. The ecology of this important disease, transmitted by chigger mites, remains poorly understood. Ivo Elliott and colleagues report on the identification of key risk factors that determine foci of high disease transmission at 3 sites in Northern Thailand."> <span>Orientia tsutsugamushi dynamics in vectors and hosts: ecology and risk factors for foci of scrub typhus transmission in northern Thailand</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/16549716.2021.1968124" class="state-published" title="Posted 01/10/2021. In 2017 hundreds of thousands of ‘Rohingya’ fled from Myanmar to refugee camps in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Health centre data were reviewed to estimate the increase in health care utilization. The presence of a large migrant population relative to a smaller host community burdens the limited facilities and resources of the public health sector, by Lorenz Von Seidlein and colleagues"> <span>A descriptive study of Forcefully Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMN) presenting for care at public health sector hospitals in Bangladesh</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1003766" class="state-published" title="Posted 29/09/2021. Xin Hui Chan and colleagues report a large individual patient data meta-analysis of malaria clinical trials supporting the cardiovascular safety of amodiaquine and structurally related antimalarials at WHO-recommended dosing regimens alone or in ACTs for the treatment and prevention of malaria, and propose a potential mechanism for amodiaquine-related asthenia."> <span>The cardiovascular effects of amodiaquine and structurally related antimalarials: An individual patient data meta-analysis</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12887-021-02833-7" class="state-published" title="Posted 28/09/2021. Despite most neonatal deaths being preventable, neonatal mortality remains unacceptably high globally. Saving Babies’ Lives (SBL) is a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial, which will develop, implement, and assess an iterative package of neonatal interventions combining community and primary care strategies to reduce neonatal mortality in a rural Cambodian province, by Claudia Turner and colleagues"> <span>Saving babies’ lives (SBL) – a programme to reduce neonatal mortality in rural Cambodia: study protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12936-021-03886-w" class="state-published" title="24/09/2021. Plasmodium vivax in SE Asia and Oceania is less sensitive to primaquine compared to other regions and needs a higher target dose - 0.5 mg/kg. Bob Taylor and colleagues propose a new regimen that was designed using pharmacokinetic simulation and takes into account that children need higher mg/kg doses compared to adults."> <span>Development of weight and age-based dosing of daily primaquine for radical cure of vivax malaria</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12936-021-03879-9" class="state-published" title="Posted 17/09/2021. One of the policies to achieve malaria elimination in the near future is reactive case detection. A secondary analysis of a large dataset of mass drug administrations in Greater Mekong Subregion found that reactive case detection in this setting is costly but results only in minimal benefits, by Lorenz Von Seidlein and colleagues"> <span>Clustering of malaria in households in the Greater Mekong Subregion: operational implications for reactive case detection</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0009690" class="state-published" title="Posted 15/09/2021. In Cambodian G6PD deficient variants, G6PD enzyme activity is unaffected by baseline reticulocyte counts but rises and correlates with posttreatment reticulocytosis. Qualitative G6PD tests are unlikely to misdiagnose G6PD deficient males at presentation. Too few G6PD heterozygous females preclude drawing inferences; more research is needed in this group."> <span>Dynamics of G6PD activity in patients receiving weekly primaquine for therapy of Plasmodium vivax malaria</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0009685" class="state-published" title="Posted 14/09/2021. Little is known about why scrub typhus and murine typhus vary through time and space. Tamalee Roberts and colleagues investigated the impacts of climate and environment on both neglected diseases in Laos. The results suggest that global heating will increase their incidence and distribution, requiring interventions to reduce their burden."> <span>A spatio-temporal analysis of scrub typhus and murine typhus in Laos; implications from changing landscapes and climate</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/jpubhealth/advance-article/doi/10.1093/pubmed/fdab297/6337889" class="state-published" title="Posted 24/08/2021. Suicide is a leading cause of maternal death globally. On the Thailand-Myanmar border, 8% of refugee women and 3% of migrant women experienced suicidal thoughts during pregnancy and postnatally. The greatest risk factors for suicidal thoughts were unplanned pregnancy and past trauma. Community interventions and targeted prevention initiatives are urgently needed to help lower the rates of people dying by suicide, by Gracia Fellmeth and colleagues."> <span>Suicidal ideation in the perinatal period: findings from the Thailand–Myanmar border</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://bmcmedethics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12910-021-00667-7" class="state-published" title="Posted 06/08/2021. Preprints are increasingly being used to share non-peer-reviewed manuscripts to enable the rapid dissemination of research. In particular, they have become an important source of information for wider audiences keen to follow COVID-19 research developments, including news, social media and policymakers. This practice raises several challenges in publication ethics and integrity. Paul Newton and colleagues set out the need for good practice."> <span>Preprints in times of COVID19: the time is ripe for agreeing on terminology and good practices</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/mcn.13169" class="state-published" title="Posted 27/07/2021. This qualitative study by Mira Schneiders and colleagues discusses the important nutrition-related roles and responsibilities of grandparents caring for grandchildren in rural Cambodian ‘skip-generation’ households. Grandparents appear highly motivated to improve grandchildren’s health and nutrition, but lack necessary resources, leading to frequent moral dilemmas and ethical trade-offs. Interventions to improve child health and nutrition should be designed to be inclusive of older caregivers."> <span>Grandparent caregiving in Cambodian skip-generation households: Roles and impact on child nutrition</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12936-021-03785-0" class="state-published" title="Posted 16/07/2021. Severe metabolic acidosis and acute kidney injury are major causes of mortality in children with severe malaria but are often underdiagnosed in low resource settings. What prognostic factors are associated with severe metabolic acidosis and uraemia in African children with severe falciparum malaria? Secondary analysis of a randomized trial by Mavuto Mukaka and colleagues"> <span>Identifying prognostic factors of severe metabolic acidosis and uraemia in African children with severe falciparum malaria</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(20)30997-X/fulltext" class="state-published" title="Posted 07/07/2021. Frank Smithuis and colleagues conducted a large cluster randomized evaluation of mass drug administration (MDA) with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for malaria elimination in an area with high artemisinin resistant Plasmodium falciparum. MDA was a safe and effective tool to accelerate P. falciparum elimination, alongside routine community-based malaria control measures. It was well tolerated and well accepted. MDA did not select for drug resistant parasites."> <span>Mass drug administration for the acceleration of malaria elimination in a region of Myanmar with artemisinin-resistant falciparum malaria</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.clinicalmicrobiologyandinfection.com/article/S1198-743X(21)00285-8/fulltext" class="state-published" title="Posted 06/07/2021. Surveillance of Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is important in generating evidence to support efforts in controlling the infection. Cherry Lim and colleagues discuss the strengths, potential sources of bias, and challenges of routine microbiology data and different surveillance strategies and solutions used in low- and middle-income countries. Areas requiring support and improvement are highlighted."> <span>Surveillance strategies using routine microbiology for antimicrobial resistance in low- and middle-income countries</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ajtmh.org/view/journals/tpmd/aop/article-10.4269-ajtmh.20-1431/article-10.4269-ajtmh.20-1431.xml" class="state-published" title="Posted 29/06/2021. Frank Smithuis and colleagues describe a cluster of 29 children with severe, painful bone deformities living in very remote Nagaland, northwest Myanmar. They had low 25-hydroxyvitamin D, elevated parathyroid hormone, and elevated alkaline phosphatase levels, consistent with nutritional rickets secondary to vitamin D deficiency, calcium deficiency, or a combination of both. After treatment with vitamin D3 and calcium carbonate, we saw significant improvement in symptoms, biochemistry, and radiography. This is the first report of nutritional rickets in Myanmar in over 120 years."> <span>Case Report: Children with Severe Nutritional Rickets in the Naga Region in Northwest Myanmar, on the border with India</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-021-02002-8" class="state-published" title="Posted 23/06/2021. In an RCT of three artemisinin-based combination therapies in pregnancy on the Thailand-Myanmar border where artemisinin resistance is widespread, only dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine provided satisfactory efficacy for P. falciparum, in this study by Makoto Saito & colleagues. Mefloquine-artesunate provided the longest recurrence-free period for P. vivax. Vivax recurrence was so common, chloroquine prophylaxis is warranted after malaria of any species."> <span>A randomized controlled trial of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, artesunate-mefloquine and extended artemether-lumefantrine treatments for malaria in pregnancy on the Thailand-Myanmar border</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(20)30929-4/fulltext" class="state-published" title="Posted 16/06/2021. The progress made in treatment of malaria is threatened by the emergence of resistance to current first line treatments artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs). There are currently no good alternatives for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in the African setting in the event of resistance emerging to antimalarials that are in the ACTs. Mainga Hamaluba, Rob van der Pluijm and colleagues demonstrate that triple artemisinin combination therapies (TACTs) can potentially be used safely to prevent, delay or manage uncomplicated malaria in our setting."> <span>Arterolane–piperaquine–mefloquine versus arterolane–piperaquine and artemether–lumefantrine in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Kenyan children</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1003614" class="state-published" title="Posted 15/06/2021. Plasmodium vivax caused an estimated 14 million malaria cases in 2017. By collating economic and epidemiological data, Angela Devine and colleagues estimated an economic cost of $359 million associated with these episodes. A scenario analysis explored how costs might change with global access to safe radical cure, estimating cost savings of $17-93 million."> <span>Global economic costs due to vivax malaria and the potential impact of its radical cure: A modelling study</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0009372" class="state-published" title="Posted 11/06/2021. Burkholderia pseudomallei, a bacterium found in soil, can cause melioidosis, a potentially fatal disease. Melioidosis was first described in Myanmar but rarely reported over the past decades due to lack of awareness and limited diagnostic facilities. Frank Smithuis and colleagues report a widespread distribution of the organism in Myanmar soil. This should alert clinicians to consider melioidosis as a potential cause of sepsis, pneumonia or abscesses."> <span>Geographical distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei in soil in Myanmar</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://gh.bmj.com/content/6/5/e005829" class="state-published" title="Posted 25/05/2021. Seeking treatment including antibiotics without prescription at drug shops is a common practice in Nepal which can contribute to rising antibiotic resistance. This may leave us without effective antibiotics for future infections. In this study, Bipin Adhikari and colleagues explore why people buy antibiotics over the counter in Nepal and implications for its control."> <span>Why do people purchase antibiotics over-the-counter? A qualitative study with patients, clinicians and dispensers in central, eastern and western Nepal</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://link.springer.com/epdf/10.1186/s12916-021-01960-3" class="state-published" title="Posted 18/05/2021. Rose McGready and colleagues show a strong association between P. falciparum infection and hypertension, in a large prospective cohort of women followed from the first trimester of pregnancy. Falciparum malaria which sequesters in the placenta most likely drives the development of chronic placental hypoxia, eventually progressing to clinical gestational hypertension or pre-eclampsia. This is important given hypertension is in the top 3 killers of pregnant women and that most pregnancy related hypertensive deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa where malaria prevention strategies are not implemented until the beginning of second trimester or later."> <span>Falciparum but not vivax malaria increases the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in women followed prospectively from the first trimester</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-021-06049-z" class="state-published" title="Posted 14/05/2021. Cryptococcal meningitis is a common serious HIV-associated infection, responsible for 15% of AIDS related deaths globally. Patients are usually treated as in-patients. Frank Smithuis and colleagues reviewed 76 patients treated with amphotericin and fluconazole as out-patients in primary care clinics in Yangon, Myanmar. One-year survival (86%) was higher than existing hospital-based treatment studies and 1029 hospitals days were saved."> <span>Ambulatory induction phase treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV integrated primary care clinics, Yangon, Myanmar</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(20)30835-5/fulltext" class="state-published" title="Posted 11/05/2021. Microbiology laboratory data management is complex and is a rate-limiting step for AMR surveillance in low- and middle-income countries. Paul Turner, Liz Ashley, and colleagues summarise the urgent IT infrastructure requirements needed to ensure that the substantial ongoing efforts to develop capacity for AMR surveillance in LMICs realise their full potential."> <span>Laboratory informatics capacity for effective antimicrobial resistance surveillance in resource-limited settings</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0248846" class="state-published" title="Posted 07/05/2021. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a significant burden in the Southeast Asia region. Using mathematical modelling approach, Wirichada Pan-Ngum and colleagues assessed the population-level impacts of short-course MDR-TB treatment compared to the conventional therapy. Early initiation of treatment and good level of treatment eligibility are identified to be important determinants to the success of MDR-TB control programmes."> <span>Assessing the impacts of short-course multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment in the Southeast Asia Region using a mathematical modeling approach</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstb.2020.0030" class="state-published" title="Posted 05/05/2021. On the Thailand-Myanmar border, 39% of migrant women and 47% of refugee women experience maternal depression. Gracia Fellmeth and colleagues show that among migrant women, higher levels of social support are associated with lower depression. The perinatal period offers a valuable opportunity to ask women about depression and support networks and offer help to those who need it."> <span>Perinatal depression in migrant and refugee women on the Thai–Myanmar border: does social support matter?</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/11/1/e045826" class="state-published" title="Posted 30/04/2021. In many low- and middle-income countries febrile children are managed by health workers with limited training, in settings where referrals can confer substantial costs and risks. Spot Sepsis, a multi-centre study being implemented by MORU and MSF, aims to develop a practical prognostic tool to help community healthcare providers identify febrile children who may benefit from referral for facility-based medical care."> <span>Prediction of disease severity in young children presenting with acute febrile illness in resource-limited settings: a protocol for a prospective observational study</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12936-021-03702-5" class="state-published" title="Posted 27/04/2021. The complete treatment of vivax malaria requires a radical cure with a course of 8-aminoquinolines. Bipin Adhikari and colleagues interviewed policymakers in Asia why the radical cure is currently so poorly implemented and what can be done to improve the uptake of the radical cure."> <span>Rolling out the radical cure for vivax malaria in Asia: a qualitative study among policy makers and stakeholders</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0009219" class="state-published" title="Posted 21/04/2021. Tobias Brummaier and colleagues report a high burden of soil-transmitted helminth infections and an association with maternal anaemia in pregnant migrant and refugee women on the Thai-Myanmar border. Whether the protective effect of Ascaris lumbricoides infection against miscarriage observed in this retrospective dataset results from helminth immune modulation remains to be determined."> <span>Burden of soil-transmitted helminth infection in pregnant refugees and migrants on the Thailand-Myanmar border</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12936-021-03649-7" class="state-published" title="Posted 20/04/2021. Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is the first-line treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria, but the ACT drugs are starting to fail. Triple artemisinin-based combination therapy (TACT) is being studied to replace ACTs. In this paper, Phaik Yeong Cheah and colleagues discuss the most important ethical and practical considerations in the potential deployment of TACT."> <span>Deploying triple artemisinin-based combination therapy (TACT) for malaria treatment in Africa: ethical and practical considerations</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://gh.bmj.com/content/6/1/e003451" class="state-published" title="Posted 16/04/2021. This systematic review by Arjun Chandna and colleagues identified clinical and laboratory prognostic factors, measured at the point of presentation, that can help identify children at risk of severe febrile illness. Most studies included only hospitalised children and further work is required to identify the best predictors to build data-driven triage tools for use by community healthcare providers."> <span>Predictors of disease severity in children presenting from the community with febrile illnesses: a systematic review of prognostic studies</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.638885/full" class="state-published" title="Posted 14/04/2021. Germana Bancone and Cindy Chu review the current knowledge about drug-induced haemolysis in G6PD deficiency, and discuss new clinical and laboratory approaches to understand haemolytic risk in G6PD variants. A more comprehensive genotypic and phenotypic characterization, together with haematologic responses upon exposure to different drugs, will help define a clinically useful classification of G6PD variants"> <span>G6PD Variants and Haemolytic Sensitivity to Primaquine and Other Drugs</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/27/4/20-1683_article" class="state-published" title="Posted 06/04/2021. Melioidosis is an under-recognised disease, and mortality remains unacceptably high. Treatment requires prolonged antibiotic therapy and adherence is challenging, particular in resource-constrained settings. Arjun Chandna and colleagues at Angkor Hospital for Children reviewed the treatment of 355 children with culture-confirmed melioidosis over a decade and found significant gains can be made over time."> <span>Improving treatment and outcomes for melioidosis in children, northern Cambodia, 2009–2018</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12936-021-03667-5" class="state-published" title="Posted 30/03/2021. Reactive case detection has played a role in the elimination of malaria in China. The approach has been adapted and is used in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Because it requires considerable man power but only few cases are detected the approach is controversial. Jacqueline Deen, Lorenz Von Seidlein and colleagues included 8 articles in a meta-analysis that found the percentage of positive malaria cases among potential contacts using microscopy or rapid diagnostic test was 0.56%."> <span>What is the yield of malaria reactive case detection in the Greater Mekong Sub-region?</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12884-021-03610-1" class="state-published" title="Posted 26/03/2021. Ketamine is an essential drug widely used in low-resource settings, but there was no data on its safety in lactating women until this report. In this study by Mary Ellen Gilder and SMRU colleagues, outcomes for breastfeeding infants whose mothers received ketamine are good, and not affected by ketamine dose. In contrast, high dose maternal intravenous diazepam may be harmful."> <span>Outcomes for 298 breastfed neonates whose mothers received ketamine and diazepam for postpartum tubal ligation in a resource-limited setting</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2021.639665/full" class="state-published" title="Posted 19/03/2021. Tobias Brummaier reports that collaborative research efforts with SMRU and SIDRA have demonstrated that vaginal microbial composition and local vaginal immune environment are associated with preterm birth in Asian women from a low-resource setting, possibly providing an avenue towards an early predictive tool for preterm birth"> <span>Vaginal Microbiota and Cytokine Levels Predict Preterm Delivery in Asian Women</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://gh.bmj.com/content/6/2/e004325" class="state-published" title="Posted 16/03/2021. Many women in Southeast Asia are smaller than their Western counterparts. How might this affect an otherwise healthy pregnancy? A recent study from the Thai-Myanmar border by Sue J Lee, Ahmar Hashmi and colleagues suggests that maternal height should be considered when providing advice regarding weight gain during pregnancy."> <span>Short maternal stature and gestational weight gain among refugee and migrant women birthing appropriate for gestational age term newborns</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://elifesciences.org/articles/62448" class="state-published" title="Posted 09/03/2021. X-linked glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is the most common human enzymopathy. Ghulam Awab and colleagues analysed their clinical study and epidemiological data from Afghanistan gathered over the last decade and showed that the G6PD Mediterranean variant provided a marked gene dose proportional protection against P. vivax malaria."> <span>Protective effect of Mediterranean-type glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency against Plasmodium vivax malaria</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12884-021-03612-z" class="state-published" title="Posted 05/03/2021. Prevention of mother to child transmission of Hepatitis B can be challenging in resource limited settings. Marieke Bierhoff and colleagues look at strategies that might be more feasible in these settings. TDF (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) after rapid diagnostic test may be a more feasible strategy to implement in resource limited settings, TDF after hepatitis B e-antigen test is a cheaper option."> <span>Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in pregnancy for prevention of mother to child transmission of hepatitis B in a rural setting on the Thailand-Myanmar border</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/11/2/e041022.full" class="state-published" title="Posted 02/03/2021. Direk Limmathurotsakul and colleagues show that a Sepsis Fast Track (SFT) programme, implemented in Thailand to screen, initiate sepsis care and fast-track them when applicable to ICU upon admission, are associated with higher chances of survival. We analyzed data of a prospective observational study, having control group from both pre and post-intervention periods."> <span>Effectiveness of a sepsis programme in a resource-limited setting</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-82290-5" class="state-published" title="Posted 09/02/2021. Wirichada Pan-ngum and colleagues address key knowledge gaps on human-animal-water-source interactions and leptospirosis in high-risk settings, Thailand. Water-source sharing networks and human–animal contact patterns are key information potentially involved in the epidemiology of leptospirosis. Occupations related to animals/environmental water and consuming water from more than two sources increased the risk exposure to leptospirosis."> <span>Human, animal, water source interactions and leptospirosis in Thailand</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://europepmc.org/article/med/33310022" class="state-published" title="Posted 05/01/2021. Diagnosing rickettsial infections is difficult in low-resource settings; this leads to delays in receiving appropriate treatment. Before this study the distribution of rickettsioses in Myanmar was not known. This report of a serosurvey by Philip Elders, Elizabeth Ashley and colleagues shows rickettsioses are widespread in Myanmar, with high scrub typhus prevalence in central and northern regions."> <span>Serological evidence indicates widespread distribution of rickettsioses in Myanmar</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/tmi.13496" class="state-published" title="Posted 18/12/2020. Lorenz Von Seidlein and colleagues observed that poorest people in rural Tanzania were the oldest people and especially old people without children. This observation came as a surprise because generation, the baby boomers has accumulated wealth throughout life and ended up wealthier by the time they reached retirement. There is a need to provide more financial and housing security for older people in rural Africa. Currently for many older people in rural Africa the only security are their children."> <span>Old age is associated with decreased wealth in rural villages in Mtwara, Tanzania</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/jacamr/article/2/4/dlaa097/6020487" class="state-published" title="Posted 15/12/2020. A recent study co-led by Paul Turner and colleagues at COMRU identified extremely high prevalence of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacterial carriage in households from Siem Reap, Cambodia. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli were detected in stool samples from >90% of participants. The results highlight the challenges to AMR control in locations where antibiotic overuse is common."> <span>Prevalence of MDR organism (MDRO) carriage in children and their household members in Siem Reap Province, Cambodia</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7680649/" class="state-published" title="Posted 11/12/2020. COVID-19 has hit informal urban settlements particularly hard. The control and prevention of COVID-19 in slums starts with organizing community infrastructure, provision of basic needs and protection of people at highest risk. Slums are a source for persistent transmission. In view of the constant risk that slums present to the entire population decisive steps need to be taken to rehabilitate and improve informal settlements, Lorenz Von Seidlein and colleagues provide suggestions."> <span>Crowding has consequences: Prevention and management of COVID-19 in informal urban settlements</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.journalofinfection.com/article/S0163-4453(20)30758-1/fulltext" class="state-published" title="Posted 08/10/2020. “No bacterial culture, no drug-resistant infections.” Cherry Lim, Direk Limmathurotsakul and colleagues show that the impact of low blood culture utilization on the observed proportions and incidences of drug-resistant infections could be high. This is likely happening in most of LMICs. A set of recommendations are proposed."> <span>Impact of low blood culture usage on rates of antimicrobial resistance</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12866-020-02052-7" class="state-published" title="Posted 04/12/2020. Paul Turner and COMRU researchers, working with Cambodia’s University of Health Sciences and Fondation Merieux, evaluated recently the potential of MALDI-TOF-based serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae for vaccine impact surveillance. Despite early promise, the team found that MALDI-TOF performed poorly and should not replace existing serotyping methodologies."> <span>MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for sub-typing of Streptococcus pneumoniae</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/inthealth/article/12/6/551/5962050" class="state-published" title="Posted 01/12/2020. This paper confirms that research is important to inform evidence-based medical care in LMICs settings. Napat Khirikoekkong, Phaik Yeong Cheah and colleagues found that migrants living along the Thai-Myanmar border, who were traditionally deemed vulnerable, exercise their agency and resourcefulness when navigating through their daily challenges, and participating in important health research"> <span>Research ethics in context: understanding the vulnerabilities, agency and resourcefulness of research participants living along the Thai–Myanmar border</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iuatld/ijtld/2020/00000024/00000010/art00006;jsessionid=33iaecw8lmi5p.x-ic-live-02" class="state-published" title="Posted 27/11/2020. The migrant-friendly residential TB program of SMRU on the Thailand-Myanmar border has achieved high treatment success rate. However, many TB patients admitted to the centers are in advanced stage of disease. Win Pa Pa Htun and colleagues show that early TB death (in the first month of treatment) is highest among pulmonary TB cases and in particular in HIV co-infected patients and in those with co-morbidity. Early detection and treatment for both TB and HIV are crucial for migrants, if the case fatality rate is to be reduced in this marginalized population."> <span>TB outcomes and mortality risk factors in adult migrants at the Thailand-Myanmar border</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-020-05453-1" class="state-published" title="Posted 24/11/2020. Malaria Screener is a smartphone application developed by the National Library of Medicine, in partnership with Richard Maude and colleagues at MORU Epidemiology, aiming to improve the availability of high quality malaria diagnosis. It is cheap, fast and easy-to-use with a standard smartphone and microscope and detects malaria parasites by machine learning."> <span>Malaria Screener: a smartphone application for automated malaria screening</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://aricjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13756-020-00847-x" class="state-published" title="Posted 13/11/2020. Use of antimicrobials in animals and the environment has been established to contribute to the global antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and yet there have been inadequate collaborative efforts to tackle this problem. Sunil Pokharel, Bipin Adhikari and colleagues discuss how and why ‘One health’ approach is important to tackle antimicrobial resistance."> <span>Antimicrobial use in food animals and human health: time to implement ‘One Health’ approach</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://aac.asm.org/content/early/2020/10/27/AAC.00898-20" class="state-published" title="Posted 10/11/20. Artemisinin-based combination therapies are not only effectively curing malaria, they also impact male malaria parasites in their capacity for onward transmission to the mosquito. Here, Andrea Ruecker and colleagues provide clear evidence that artemisinin resistant parasites overcome this sterilising effect to successfully infect mosquitoes under drug pressure, facilitating the spread of artemisinin resistance."> <span>Transmission of artemisinin-resistant malaria parasites to mosquitoes under antimalarial drug pressure</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0240598" class="state-published" title="Posted 06/11/20. Victor Chaumeau and colleagues assessed the impact of outdoor residual spraying on the biting rate of malaria mosquitoes in four villages in Kayin state, Myanmar. They reported a 10-fold decrease in mosquito biting rate immediately after the intervention and concluded that outdoor residual spraying can be used to control malaria mosquitoes in this area."> <span>Impact of outdoor residual spraying on the biting rate of malaria vectors in Myanmar</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://gh.bmj.com/content/5/10/e002972" class="state-published" title="Posted 27/10/2020. Madeleine Clarkson, Paul Newton and colleagues reviewed when individual species of human pathogens were described in Laos, and estimated the in-country diversity and how many more pathogens there may be. Combining modelling with historical assessment improved understanding of the factors affecting pathogen description. During the last decade there has been a 33-fold increase in the description rate, coinciding with the strengthening of medical research in Laos."> <span>How many human pathogens are there in Laos? An estimate of national human pathogen diversity and analysis of historical trends</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://bjgp.org/content/70/697/413.long" class="state-published" title="Posted 13/10/2020. Xin Hui Chan and colleagues summarise their rapid reviews on the efficacy of personal protective equipment for preventing COVID-19 in primary and community care. They highlight how PPE is designed for use as an ensemble, is a complex intervention which should include appropriate training and support, and is the least effective of the hierarchy of controls."> <span>The efficacy of PPE for COVID-19-type respiratory illnesses in primary and community care staff</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12936-020-03330-5" class="state-published" title="Posted 07/10/2020. The Asia-Pacific region is the epicentre of the emergence of resistance against frontline antimalarials, and also faces a high proportion of non-falciparum malaria. Sarah Auburn and colleagues review novel approaches for molecular surveillance that can help track drug resistant parasites and the spread of parasites across the region, discussed at a recent APMEN workshop in Jakarta, and how these approaches can provide important information for policy makers in malaria-endemic regions."> <span>Implementing parasite genotyping into national surveillance frameworks</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://equityhealthj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12939-020-01268-3" class="state-published" title="Posted 25/09/2020. Prevention of mother to child transmission of hepatitis B with maternal tenofovir DF is one option to reach elimination of this infection. However, implementing this in a resource limited setting is challenging. Marieke Bierhoff and colleagues describe the most common challenges and possible solutions like transport assistance and local agreements to facilitate access."> <span>Tenofovir for prevention of mother to child transmission of hepatitis B in migrant women in a resource-limited setting on the Thailand-Myanmar border: a commentary on challenges of implementation</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/11/20-3003_article" class="state-published" title="Posted 22/09/2020. This case-control study, conducted by Direk Limmathurotsakul and colleagues in Thailand, shows that wearing masks all the time, maintaining >1 m distance, having close contact for <15 minutes, and frequent handwashing are independently associated with lower risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19)"> <span>Case-control study of use of personal protective measures and risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, Thailand</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0186" class="state-published" title="Posted 18/09/2020. New findings by Ric Price and colleagues highlight that a remarkably high number of P. vivax infections arise from relapses (reactivation of dormant liver stages). This has important implications since almost 85% of recurrent infections could be prevented if more patients were treated with primaquine. The study emphasises the important of work done by the VxWG (Vivax Working Group for the Asia Pacific Malaria Eliminiation Network) in promoting wider access to safe and effective radical cure."> <span>Estimating the proportion of Plasmodium vivax recurrences caused by relapse</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/7/e035632.full" class="state-published" title="Posted 01/09/2020. This paper provides an overview of FIEBRE’s activities. The study aims to identify infections that are treatable and/or preventable, to assess antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial pathogens and to collect qualitative data on care-seeking and treatment behaviours. Paul Newton and colleagues detail clinical and laboratory assessments, data analysis plan, and outline the study’s strengths and limitations."> <span>Febrile Illness Evaluation in a Broad Range of Endemicities (FIEBRE): protocol for a multisite prospective observational study of the causes of fever in Africa and Asia</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12936-020-03359-6" class="state-published" title="Posted 27/08/2020. Germana Bancone and colleagues from EDCD (Nepal) and SMRU conducted this study in malaria endemic districts of Nepal, showing that G6PD deficiency is prevalent among most ethnic groups across the region. G6PD testing will be necessary for safe deployment of 8-aminoquinolines in order to eliminate Plasmodium vivax malaria in Nepal."> <span>G6PD deficiency in malaria endemic areas of Nepal</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1079979620304125" class="state-published" title="Posted 25/08/2020. With renewed interest in chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, much has recently been written and published about the risk of haemolysis in G6PD deficient individuals. William Schilling and colleagues believe many have overlooked the wealth of data which already exists about this very issue. Here presented is an overview of the long-accrued evidence (as well as that from recent COVID-19 publications) that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine do not induce haemolysis in G6PD deficiency."> <span>No evidence that chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine induce hemolysis in G6PD deficiency</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/hiv.12886" class="state-published" title="Posted 21/08/2020. Frank Smithuis and colleagues did a retrospective cohort analysis looking at integration of HIV care with general health care clinics in Yangon, Myanmar. HIV patient survival was high at 0.95 at 1 year and 0.90 at 5 years. Integration is effective to attain early linkage to care but attention should be given to disengagement from care, in particular for pregnant women."> <span>Integration of HIV services with primary care in Yangon, Myanmar</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1198743X20303840" class="state-published" title="Posted 14/08/2020. David Dance and colleagues describe a multi-centre study, co-ordinated by EUCAST, to establish interpretative criteria for Burkholderia pseudomallei disc diffusion tests. Three MORU network sites (Laos, Thailand and Cambodia) participated. The results, based on 361 isolates, will enable laboratories around the world to conduct quality-assured testing of B. pseudomallei susceptibility."> <span>Burkholderia pseudomallei multi-centre study to establish EUCAST MIC and zone diameter distributions and epidemiological cut-off (ECOFF) values</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(20)30228-0/fulltext" class="state-published" title="Posted 11/08/2020. This very large molecular epidemiology study done over 12 years describes the evolution and spread of antimalarial drug resistance across the entire Greater Mekong subregion (GMS). Mallika Imwong and colleagues show no evidence of spread of artemisinin resistant parasite lineages from the eastern to the western GMS. There is also no evidence for piperaquine resistance in the western GMS."> <span>Molecular epidemiology of resistance to antimalarial drugs in the Greater Mekong subregion</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0235625" class="state-published" title="Posted 31/07/2020. Myo Maung Maung Swe and colleagues describe evaluation and experience of using the forum theatre technique, a novel form of public engagement. Our experience was fun, informative and encouraged widespread participation around the subject of antibiotic use. We believe that this technique will be of great interest to scientists who engage in activities using participatory techniques."> <span>Evaluation of the forum theatre approach for public engagement around antibiotic use in Myanmar</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/zph.12753" class="state-published" title="Posted 28/07/2020. Ticks, fleas and lice from dogs in Vientiane (Lao PDR) were shown to carry a variety of zoonotic pathogens including R. felis (cat-flea typhus). Matthew Robinson and colleagues highlight the risk of these pathogens transmitted between dogs and humans within the city, as well as the role of pets in human diseases, and important public health considerations"> <span>Screening of ectoparasites from domesticated dogs for bacterial pathogens in Vientiane, Lao PDR</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0283" class="state-published" title="Posted 21/07/2020. This article by Arjen Dondorp and colleagues provides guidance on respiratory support for patients with severe COVID-19 focusing on low- and middle-income countries, based on current evidence and experience. Rather than the usual focus on mechanical ventilation, it emphasizes the importance of having the right modalities for non-invasive oxygen therapy in place"> <span>Respiratory support in COVID-19 patients, with a focus on resource-limited settings</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.bmj.com/content/370/bmj.m2215" class="state-published" title="Posted 14/07/2020. Non-adherence in non-inferiority trials typically dilutes observed treatment effects, leading to a higher probability of claiming non-inferiority. Mo Yin and colleagues describe different patterns of non-adherence and the influence of the confounders on treatment effects. Causal inference methods that account for these confounders can minimise bias and risk of false non-inferiority claims."> <span>Non-adherence in non-inferiority trials: pitfalls and recommendations</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://elifesciences.org/articles/49206" class="state-published" title="Posted 25/06/2020. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a growing global health crisis. In order to develop a quantitative understanding of how antibiotics affect drug-resistant bacteria within the human gut, Ben Cooper and colleagues developed a data-driven model of the within-host dynamics of blaCTX-M, one of the most important gene families for antibiotic resistance."> <span>Quantifying antibiotic impact on within-patient dynamics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase resistance</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://rdcu.be/b4yZj" class="state-published" title="Posted 12/06/2020. Safety of drugs is important, particularly during pregnancy. Makoto Saito and colleagues have pooled the data of 4503 women who had malaria in pregnancy and found that the currently used artemisinin-based combination therapies are equally safe for fetus. This study also highlights that risk of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) is high after malaria in pregnancy even treated with highly efficacious drugs, suggesting that prevention is important for reducing SGA in malaria endemic areas."> <span>Pregnancy outcomes and risk of placental malaria after artemisinin-based and quinine-based treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in pregnancy</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1003084" class="state-published" title="Posted 08/06/2020. Safe and effective radical cure of malaria will require better ways of testing for G6PD deficiency. In a large collaborative study a paper in PLoS Medicine, Daniel Pfeffer, Ric Price and colleagues highlight substantial variation between research laboratories using the current gold standard method (spectrophotometry). The study highlights challenges but also opportunities for new point of care tests."> <span>Quantification of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity by spectrophotometry</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ijidonline.com/article/S1201-9712(20)30322-2/pdf" class="state-published" title="Posted 02/06/2020. Thomas Althaus and colleagues identified Influenza and dengue viruses as key pathogens in febrile children and adults attending primary care in Thailand and Myanmar. CRP performance for distinguishing bacterial from viral pathogens was average while patients recovered regardless of antibiotic prescription. This suggests that most primary care infections do not require an antibiotic."> <span>Causes of fever in primary care in Southeast Asia and the performance of C-reactive protein in discriminating bacterial from viral pathogens</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD013582/full" class="state-published" title="Posted 05/05/2020. In this Cochrane qualitative review to inform the 2020 COVID19 pandemic, Xin Hui Chan and colleagues identify key barriers and facilitators to healthcare workers’ adherence to infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines for respiratory infectious diseases to support policymakers and healthcare leaders in designing and implementing IPC guidelines. These include organisational factors (safety climate, design & communication of consistent PPE guidelines, availability of training programmes), physical environment (space, facility design, administrative controls, personal protective equipment availability), and individual factors (knowledge, beliefs, attitudes)."> <span>Barriers and facilitators to healthcare workers’ adherence with infection prevention and control guidelines for respiratory infectious diseases</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(20)30064-5/fulltext" class="state-published" title="Posted 01/05/2020. Although effective treatment for malaria in pregnancy is needed for preventing adverse impact on both mother and fetus, quinine is still widely used in pregnancy. Makoto Saito and 41 other collaborators worldwide put their individual patient data together to summarise the currently available evidence showing that quinine is inferior to ACT and further research on dose optimization of ACT is warranted."> <span>Efficacy and tolerability of artemisinin-based and quinine-based treatments for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in pregnancy</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(20)30139-0/fulltext" class="state-published" title="Posted 28/04/2020. In this comment Elizabeth Ashley and Aung Pyae Phyo discuss two recent studies of SJ733, a PFATP4 inhibitor. Compounds from this promising novel class of antimalarials kill parasites rapidly, a property previously unique to the artemisinin derivatives among antimalarials in use, and one that underpins their enormous success."> <span>Plasmodium falciparum ATP4 inhibitors to treat malaria: worthy successors to artemisinin?</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0008233" class="state-published" title="Posted 24/04/2020. Scrub typhus is a major cause of fever in the tropics. Tri Wangrangsimakul and colleagues estimated the disease burden in Thailand and showed that the number of cases rose significantly over the last two decades. Age, sex and occupation along with meteorological and geographical factors may be important determinants of disease incidence."> <span>The estimated burden of scrub typhus in Thailand from national surveillance data (2003-2018)</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0231251" class="state-published" title="Posted 21/04/2020. This study by Victor Chaumeau and colleagues was carried out in order to assess the longevity of insecticide mists applied to outdoor vegetation. Insecticidal effect of sprayed plant material against malaria mosquitoes lasted for several weeks. These results provide a strong rationale for using outdoor residual spraying against the mosquito vectors that rest outside premises."> <span>Longevity of the insecticidal effect of three pyrethroid formulations applied to outdoor vegetation on a laboratory-adapted colony of the Southeast Asian malaria vector Anopheles dirus</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(20)30136-4/fulltext" class="state-published" title="Posted 14/04/2020. Enormous emergency efforts are underway to find optimal medical products, to prevent, diagnose, and treat COVID-19, that 7.8 billion people will depend on. With dire disruption of pharmaceutical production and supply and increasing falsified and substandard products, we need strategic planning now to ensure global access to quality-assured medical products and monitoring of supply chains"> <span>COVID-19 and risks to the supply and quality of tests, drugs, and vaccines</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0145213420300995" class="state-published" title="Posted 17/03/2020. This systematic review and meta-analysis by Amalee McCoy and colleagues synthesizes available evidence on the effectiveness of parenting interventions in preventing violence against children in the East and Southeast Asian region. The results suggest that parenting interventions can reduce rates of particular forms of violence against children, as well as promote positive parent-child interactions."> <span>Parenting interventions to prevent violence against children in low- and middle-income countries in East and Southeast Asia</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-020-1512-5?utm_source=other&utm_medium=other&utm_content=null&utm_campaign=BSCN_2_DD01_CN_bmcso_article_paid_XMOL" class="state-published" title="Posted 13/03/2020. New research by Ipsita Sinha and colleagues provides a framework for identifying key traveler groups and their origins and destinations of travel combination with knowledge of local epidemiology to inform malaria control and elimination efforts. This publication is based on travel information collected from over 2000 patients from 57 study sites in South-East Bangladesh, in collaboration with the National Malaria Elimination Control programme of Bangladesh."> <span>Mapping the travel patterns of people with malaria in Bangladesh</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.19-0634" class="state-published" title="Posted 10/03/2020. Incidence data about infectious diseases are needed to inform decisions about vaccine introduction. Using data from health-seeking behaviour survey for fever and data from hospital bloodstream infection, Mayfong Mayxay and colleagues estimated typhoid and paratyphoid fever incidence in Vientiane, the capital of Laos, and found that the incidence is low, with an annual incidence of 4.7 and 0.5 per 100,000 persons, for typhoid and paratyphoid fever, respectively."> <span>Estimation of incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1003040" class="state-published" title="Posted 06/03/2020. Prolongation of the electrocardiographic QT interval is a widely-used marker of the risk of developing abnormal heart rhythms. Several antimalarial drugs are associated with QT interval prolongation. Xin Hui Chan and colleagues found that malaria and fever also affect QT interval. To improve cardiac safety assessments, adjustment for QT interval prolongation occurring after recovery is needed. This would prevent unnecessary withdrawal of lifesaving antimalarial treatment."> <span>Factors affecting the electrocardiographic QT interval in malaria</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.19-0502" class="state-published" title="Posted 03/03/2020. It is challenging to know who needs antibiotics for a sore throat and fever. In Thailand, Rachel Greer and colleagues found a bacteria (group A Streptococcus) in less than 1 out 10 patients. These patients had a raised C-reactive protein blood test but it was not able to predict who had the bacteria."> <span>Prevalence of group A Streptococcus in primary care patients and the utility of C-reactive protein and clinical scores for its identification in Thailand</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002992" class="state-published" title="Posted 04/02/2020. Primaquine radical cure for treatment of Plasmodium vivax is contraindicated in patients with G6PD deficiency. Ric Price, Benedikt Ley and colleagues review evidence from 11 studies of a novel point of care diagnostic (CareStart RDT) and show overall good performance under research conditions. Further feasibility studies are under way to assess its reliability under field conditions."> <span>Performance of the Access Bio/CareStart rapid diagnostic test for the detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://elifesciences.org/articles/50468" class="state-published" title="Posted 31/01/2020. Drug-resistant strains of the bacterial pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae are an important and increasing cause of infant mortality in developing countries. In this study led by Professor Ben Cooper, researchers used mathematical modelling and whole genome sequencing to quantify the effects of antibiotics and other factors in driving the hidden transmission of this pathogen within a Cambodian neonatal unit."> <span>Transmission dynamics and control of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in neonates in a developing country</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12936-019-3059-5" class="state-published" title="Posted 17/01/2020. Malaria is no longer a common cause of febrile illness in many regions of the tropics. Yoel Lubell and colleagues consider the costs and benefits of multiplex malaria/CRP tests that are now commercially available in terms of (i) the improved health outcomes for patients with bacterial illnesses; (ii) the costs of antimicrobial resistance averted; or (iii) the economic benefits of better management of remaining malaria cases and shorter malaria elimination campaigns. They conclude that a multiplexed malaria/CRP test could be highly cost-effective and utilize the well-established funding and distribution systems already in place for malaria RDTs."> <span>Economic considerations support C-reactive protein testing alongside malaria rapid diagnostic tests to guide antimicrobial therapy for patients with febrile illness in settings with low malaria endemicity</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/tmi.13358" class="state-published" title="Posted 07/01/2020. Identifying bacterial infections in sub-Saharan Africa is a challenge because of limited access to laboratory infrastructure. Thomas Althaus and colleagues measured high sensitivity of C-reactive protein (CRP) in detecting bacterial blood stream infections and zoonotic bacterial pathogens among febrile patients both in primary levels of care and hospitals in Moshi, northern Tanzania"> <span>Sensitivity of C‐reactive protein for the identification of bacterial infections in northern Tanzania</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-019-7825-7" class="state-published" title="Posted 20/12/2019. How do birth outcomes, a mother’s nutrition, and how a mother feeds her infant relate to chronic undernutrition among refugee and migrant infants along the Thailand-Myanmar border? Why do these mothers feed their infants as they do? Come learn more from a recent study by Ahmar Hashmi and colleagues at the Shoklo Malaria Research Unit."> <span>Feeding practices and risk factors for chronic infant undernutrition among refugees and migrants along the Thailand-Myanmar border</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12936-019-3008-3" class="state-published" title="Posted 03/12/2019. Malaria transmission in Cambodia is concentrated in forest foci. Nou Sannan, Tom Peto and MORU colleagues interviewed forest workers who had recently been infected with malaria to understand their behaviour and perception of risk, establish the efficacy and feasibility of malaria prophylaxis , and identify potential strategies for malaria elimination in these populations."> <span>Forest work and its implications for malaria elimination</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-019-0678-x" class="state-published" title="Posted 26/11/2019. Claire Chewapreecha and colleagues combined 753 newly sequenced Thai Burkholderia pseudomallei (the bacteria causing melioidosis) isolates with 258 Australian isolates to identify genes associated with either clinical or environmental strains. They found 47 genes that may provide clues to the strategy used by this microbe to adapt to survive in wide range of ecological niches, including human hosts."> <span>Genetic variation associated with infection and the environment in the accidental pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-019-1301-1" class="state-published" title="Posted 07/05/2019. Developed by Paul Turner and fellow members of the Oxford Tropical Network, the MICRO framework provides the scientific community with clear guidance on reporting and interpretation of clinical microbiology and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data. Use of the framework will result in publication of better quality data for use in the global fight against AMR. The MICRO guideline is also posted on the EQUATOR website www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines"> <span>Microbiology Investigation Criteria for Reporting Objectively (MICRO): a framework for the reporting and interpretation of clinical microbiology data</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/10/e026449" class="state-published" title="Posted 22/10/2019. Rose McGready and SMRU colleagues contributed RCT data from the Thailand-Myanmar border to this large review on low- and middle-income countries (21 studies in 20 882 children). The results suggests targeting parental, environmental and nutritional factors from pre-pregnancy through childhood, as a way forward to improve health and development of children in such settings."> <span>Early life risk factors of motor, cognitive and language development</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciz972/5579380" class="state-published" title="Posted 18/10/2019. Scrub typhus is a major cause of fever across the Asia Pacific region. Doxycycline resistance, the main antibiotic used for treatment, was described in the 1990s but independent verification was neglected, leading to doubts regarding its efficacy. Assessment of historical evidence and recent reports by Tri Wangrangsimakul and colleagues suggest this finding was a misconception."> <span>Scrub typhus and the misconception of doxycycline resistance</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673619312851?via%3Dihub" class="state-published" title="Posted 16/10/2019. Plasmodium vivax is particularly hard to eliminate because it can relapse from dormant liver stages, weeks to months after the initial infection. Bob Taylor and colleagues present a large multicentred clinical trial showing that a 7 day course with double the daily dose of primaquine is as effective as the traditional 14 day primaquine course, with acceptable tolerability in G6PD normal patients. The trial paves the way for safer and more effective treatment of this parasite."> <span>Short-course primaquine for the radical cure of Plasmodium vivax malaria</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1473309919303913?via%3Dihub" class="state-published" title="Posted 08/10/2019. A rapidly evolving multi-drug resistant lineage of P. falciparum malaria parasites continues to spread in Southeast Asia, leading to alarmingly high treatment failure rates in Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam for DHA-piperaquine, one of the world’s most important anti-malaria drugs. Rob van der Pluijm and colleagues say that accelerated elimination of P falciparum malaria in this region is urgently needed, to prevent further spread and avoid a potential global health emergency."> <span>Determinants of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine treatment failure in Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://gh.bmj.com/content/4/5/e001636" class="state-published" title="Posted 01/10/2019. In the light of the alarming global increase in diabetes, Kartika Saraswati and colleagues at the LOMWRU-IDDO Medicine Quality team found few investigations on the quality of antidiabetics and supplies for self-monitoring of blood glucose. However, poor quality medical products were identified on four continents. This important public health issue should thus be further investigated."> <span>Quality of medical products for diabetes management</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002858" class="state-published" title="Posted 06/09/2019. A formal causal inference-based analysis of clinical and laboratory data from 9000+ severe falciparum malaria patients from Africa and Asia by James Watson and colleagues suggests that moderate anaemia may be protective against death in severe malaria. The severe anaemia threshold criteria for a definition of severe falciparum malaria should be reconsidered."> <span>Investigating causal pathways in severe falciparum malaria</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1473309919302762?via%3Dihub" class="state-published" title="Posted 03/09/2019. Estimating the global burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is essential for resource allocation and to inform AMR action plans at national and global levels. Direk Limmathurotsakul and colleagues discuss the underlying assumptions, characteristics, limitations, and comparability of the approaches used to quantify mortality from AMR bacterial infections. We define key actions required and call for innovative thinking and solutions to address these problems."> <span>Improving the estimation of the global burden of antimicrobial resistant infections</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12936-019-2871-2" class="state-published" title="Posted 23/08/2019. Tak Province in western Thailand is a significant target area to help achieve nationwide malaria elimination by 2024, and in the Greater Mekong Subregion by 2030. Integrating routine surveillance and publicly available data, Chris Mercado and colleagues demonstrated Tak’s big decline in malaria from 2012 to 2015, a likely result of elimination activities as opposed to climate or forest change."> <span>Spatiotemporal epidemiology, environmental correlates, and demography of malaria in Tak Province, Thailand (2012–2015)</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/12/2207" class="state-published" title="Posted 20/08/2019. Demographics changes result in rapid transformation of population structure; together with other factors such as urbanization, household size decreasing and seasonal movement could greatly influence the prediction of disease burden. Wirichada Pan-ngum and colleagues demonstrated this trend using a mathematical modelling approach."> <span>A population dynamic model to project the burden of undiagnosed diabetes in Thailand</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/article/nutrition-in-transition-historical-cohort-analysis-summarising-trends-in-under-and-overnutrition-among-pregnant-women-in-a-marginalised-population-along-the-thailandmyanmar-border-from-1986-to-2016/991E554F301F744A3A3B4FD846DD586E" class="state-published" title="Posted 16/07/2019. Worrying nutritional trends in possibly the longest and largest cohort of nearly 50,000 refugee and migrant pregnant women in a LMIC setting. Ahmar Hashmi and colleagues at SMRU summarise trends in under- and over-nutrition among pregnant women, and show a double burden of malnutrition in these marginalised and vulnerable communities from the Myanmar-Thailand border."> <span>Nutrition in transition: historical cohort analysis among pregnant women along the Thailand–Myanmar border 1986 - 2016</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31176035" class="state-published" title="Posted 09/07/2019. On behalf of the Cambodian Ministry of Health Technical Working Group on Antimicrobial Resistance, Paul Turner and colleagues at COMRU recently led a review of published data on AMR in Cambodia. Significant AMR was identified in a range of priority pathogens although data were limited. On-going national AMR surveillance will address this data gap."> <span>Antimicrobial resistance in Cambodia</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0218138" class="state-published" title="Posted 05/07/2019. Health information can be life-saving, but how can it be conveyed to those who could benefit most? Through analysis of an unsuccessful public health campaign, Mary Ellen Gilder and SMRU colleagues learned from migrant women valuable lessons about health messaging in communities where most women do not complete the fourth grade."> <span>“I can’t read and don’t understand”: Health literacy and messaging in a migrant population on the Myanmar-Thailand border</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article/6/7/ofz264/5509625" class="state-published" title="Posted 02/07/2019. Highly efficacious treatment can limit the cumulative deleterious impact of malaria during pregnancy on the mother and fetus. Correct assessment of treatment efficacy with an adequate length of follow up is required. Makoto Saito and colleagues at the Shoklo Malaria Research Unit (SMRU) on the Thailand-Myanmar border suggest that pregnant women need to be followed up longer than the currently recommended duration of follow-up to assess antimalarial drug efficacy."> <span>Optimal duration of follow-up antimalarial efficacy in pregnancy on the Thailand–Myanmar border</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/jac/advance-article/doi/10.1093/jac/dkz185/5487737" class="state-published" title="Posted 18/06/2019. How should we communicate to the public the magnitude of antibiotic use in humans and animals? Led by Direk Limmathurotsakul, our scientists and global partners propose the concept of ‘antibiotic footprint’. It could support individual, national and global actions against superbugs as 'carbon footprint' has done for climate change"> <span>‘Antibiotic footprint’ as a communication tool to aid reduction of antibiotic consumption</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1471492219300625?via%3Dihub" class="state-published" title="Posted 11/06/2019. Remaining foci of malaria transmission are often in forests, where vectors tend to bite during daytime and outdoors thus reducing the effectiveness of insecticide treated bednets. Limited periods of exposure suggest that chemoprophylaxis could be a promising strategy to protect forest workers against malaria. Lorenz Von Seidlein and colleagues discuss which antimalarial drug regimens are most appropriate, how frequently the chemoprophylaxis should be delivered, and how to motivate forest workers to use and adhere to malaria prophylaxis."> <span>Novel approaches to control malaria in forested areas of Southeast Asia</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002815" class="state-published" title="Posted 04/06/2019. In Papua, where multidrug resistant P. falciparum and P. vivax are coendemic, the introduction of a universal policy of ACT plus IV artesunate for all patients with malaria halved hospital admissions and malarial deaths. However the reduction in P. vivax was far less than that for P. falciparum. This study by Ric Price and colleagues emphasizes the need for better drug regimens to clear the liver stages of P. vivax."> <span>Malaria morbidity and mortality following introduction of a universal policy of artemisinin-based treatment for malaria in Papua, Indonesia</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195670119301549" class="state-published" title="Posted 31/05/2019. Drug-resistant infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae, a family of Gram-negative bacteria, account for a high and increasing disease burden amongst hospitalised neonates in Southeast Asia; carbapenem-resistant strains are particularly important because of limited antibiotic treatment options. Tamalee Roberts and colleagues found that nearly two thirds of infants in a neonatal unit in Thailand became asymptomatic carriers with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae during their hospital stays. This work indicates a critical need for interventions to reduce this usually hidden reservoir of drug-resistant bacteria."> <span>Antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative colonization in infants from a neonatal intensive care unit in Thailand</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/4/2/62" class="state-published" title="Posted 21/05/2019. Wirichada Pan-ngum and colleagues explore how decreasing trends reflect the achievements of malaria control efforts on the Thai–Myanmar border. However, one of the main challenges facing elimination programs in this low transmission setting is maintaining a strong system for early diagnosis and treatment, even when malaria cases are very close to zero, whilst preventing re-importation of cases."> <span>Spatial heterogeneity and temporal trends in malaria on the Thai–Myanmar border (2012–2017)</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-019-1301-1" class="state-published" title="Posted 07/05/2019. Developed by Paul Turner and fellow members of the Oxford Tropical Network, the MICRO framework provides the scientific community with clear guidance on reporting and interpretation of clinical microbiology and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data. Use of the framework will result in publication of better quality data for use in the global fight against AMR. The MICRO guideline is also posted on the EQUATOR website www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines"> <span>Microbiology Investigation Criteria for Reporting Objectively (MICRO): a framework for the reporting and interpretation of clinical microbiology data</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/jpids/advance-article/doi/10.1093/jpids/piz014/5377509" class="state-published" title="Posted 25/04/2019. It has been almost 30 years since clinicians from northern Thailand first raised the issue of severe scrub typhus and poor responses to treatment in patients. Tri Wangrangsimakul and colleagues show that paediatric scrub typhus is frequently severe, potentially fatal, and associated with high rates of treatment failure. A lack of awareness leading to delays in treatment may have contributed. Investigating the determinants of treatment failure and raising the awareness of this neglected disease remains a priority."> <span>Clinical characteristics and outcome of children hospitalized with scrub typhus in an area of endemicity</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12936-019-2704-3?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter" class="state-published" title="Posted 23/04/2019. Human population movement can lead to the persistence of malaria along the Thai–Myanmar border. Lisa White, Wirichada Pan-ngum and colleagues show that malaria risk is related to the number of days doing outdoor activities in the dry season, especially trips to Myanmar, to forest areas and overnight trips. Understanding movement patterns is important when considering targeted public health interventions, especially during the elimination phase."> <span>Human population movement and behavioural patterns in malaria hotspots on the Thai–Myanmar border: implications for malaria elimination</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0214280" class="state-published" title="Posted 16/04/2019. Lorenz Von Seidlein and colleagues in Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos explored what happens to malaria transmission when all people residing in a village are treated with antimalarials at the same time, whether they are sick or not. They demonstrated that providing the necessary information is important, but building trust between residents and the team providing the antimalarials is most critical for success."> <span>Community engagement, social context and coverage of mass anti-malarial administration</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/trstmh/article/113/4/163/5365537" class="state-published" title="Posted 05/04/2019. Until World War II the only Plasmodium vivax malaria generally recognised had either a long (8–9 months) incubation period or a similarly long interval between initial illness and the first relapse. Long-latency P. vivax ‘strains’ were the first in which relapse, drug resistance and liver stage development were described, yet in recent years they have been largely forgotten."> <span>The rise and fall of long-latency Plasmodium vivax</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13063-019-3215-9" class="state-published" title="Posted 29/03/19. This qualitative study documents how clinical interventions are influenced by their local context. Factors like health policies or physicians’ fears of under-treating infectious diseases can influence adherence to the intervention and potentially hamper efforts to reduce antibiotic use in developing countries. The work was led by former CTMGH member Marco J Haenssgen, drawing on clinical trials in Southeast Asia by Yoel Lubell and Heiman Wertheim."> <span>How context can impact clinical trials</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002745" class="state-published" title="Posted 26/03/19. Lorenz Von Seidlein and colleagues wanted to know whether well-resourced mass drug administrations (MDA) can accelerate malaria elimination in the Greater Mekong Subregion. They randomised 16 villages in Myanmar, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos to receive MDAs with antimalarial drugs. The intervention had a substantial impact on the prevalence of P. falciparum infections by month 3 after the start of the MDAs. Over the subsequent 9 months, P. falciparum infections returned but stayed below baseline levels."> <span>The impact of targeted malaria elimination with mass drug administrations on falciparum malaria in Southeast Asia</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12936-019-2666-5" class="state-published" title="Posted 18/03/2019. Tailored interventions that specifically target at-risk populations, such as forest-goers, will be crucial for achieving malaria elimination in Southeast Asia. This review By Tom Peto and colleagues highlights the behaviours and attitudes of forest-goers towards malaria prevention and control interventions to identify what changes can be made to reduce the malaria incidence in this population."> <span>How can interventions that target forest-goers be tailored to accelerate malaria elimination in the Greater Mekong Subregion?</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://elifesciences.org/articles/43154" class="state-published" title="Posted 12/03/2019. Large case-control studies have reported that glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency exists due to its opposing effects on falciparum malaria: protection against cerebral malaria but an increased propensity to develop severe malarial anaemia. A reanalysis of these claims by James Watson and colleagues shows they are likely explained by 'collider bias', as case definitions excluded patients with both anaemia and coma on presentation."> <span>Collider bias and the apparent protective effect of G6PD deficiency on cerebral malaria</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-08297-9" class="state-published" title="Posted 05/03/2019. Seasonal malaria is common in the Sahel, resulting in malaria-related morbidity and mortality, particularly in young children. Seasonal chemoprevention with the antimalarial drug dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine is effective and safe. However, results presented here by Palang Chotsiri and colleagues show that malaria incidence could be reduced substantially by using an increased and extended dosage in young children."> <span>Optimal dosing of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for seasonal malaria chemoprevention in young children</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1802537" class="state-published" title="Posted 26/02/2019. In this multi-center randomized controlled trial, Cindy Chu and colleagues assess the safety of a single dose tafenoquine for Plasmodium vivax radical cure. With appropriate G6PD testing, the number of adverse events, frequency and severity of haemoglobin reduction are similar to primaquine. Anti-relapse efficacy of tafenoquine is similar to primaquine; 69.1% vs 73.2%, respectively."> <span>Tafenoquine versus Primaquine to Prevent Relapse of Plasmodium vivax Malaria</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12936-019-2652-y" class="state-published" title="Posted 19/02/2019. Germana Bancone and colleagues characterized glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in over 10 thousand samples collected in 138 villages in Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam, showing a country-level prevalence in males ranging from 7.3% to 18.8%. Given this high prevalence, G6PD testing should be carried out in the Greater Mekong Subregion before P. vivax radical cure with 8-aminoquinolines."> <span>Molecular characterization and mapping of G6PD mutations in the Greater Mekong Subregion</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://www.wwarn.org/news/news-articles/latest-wwarn-publication-identifies-15-new-mutant-alleles-kelch-13-gene" class="state-published" title="Posted 05/02/2019. In this study, the WWARN K13 genotype-phenotype Study Group gathered 18 studies from Africa and Asia to explore the relationships between identified Kelch 13 mutant alleles and delayed parasite clearance. Results show one P. falciparum specific mutant and 20 pfk13 propeller region mutant alleles strongly associated with the slow clearance phenotype, including 15 mutations that have not been confirmed before. It was reassuring that no pfk13 alleles associated with slow parasite clearance were observed in the parasites from African studies gathered between 2000-2017."> <span>Association of mutations in P. falciparum Kelch13 gene with parasite clearance rates after artemisinin-based treatments</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://journals.lww.com/co-criticalcare/Fulltext/2019/02000/Optimizing_respiratory_management_in.8.aspx#article-metrics-tab" class="state-published" title="Posted 01/02/2019. In many low- and middle-income countries, putting a critically ill patient on a ventilator is associated with a high risk of the patient dying or developing additional problems. In this paper, Rebecca Inglis and colleagues explore measures avert to the need for a ventilator. They also look at ways to improve the safety of ventilators in low-resource settings."> <span>Optimizing respiratory management in resource-limited settings</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S2214-109X%2818%2930444-3" class="state-published" title="Posted 15/01/2019. Dr Thomal Althaus and colleagues managed to reduce antibiotic prescription using the C-reactive protein (CRP) test among 2,410 children and adults presented with a fever in primary care centres in Thailand & Myanmar. The perspective of a rapid and affordable test for CRP, identifying febrile patients who really need an antibiotic, is now possible!"> <span>Effect of point-of-care C-reactive protein testing on antibiotic prescription in febrile patients attending primary care in Thailand and Myanmar</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/trstmh/advance-article/doi/10.1093/trstmh/try124/5229286#.XAh1QPg4LAA.twitter" class="state-published" title="Posted 08/01/19. Four out of five people in the world with diabetes now live in low and middle income countries. Professor Susanna Dunachie and her Thai collaborator Parinya Chamnan describe how diabetes leads to increased risk and worse outcomes for global infections such as TB, melioidosis and dengue, alongside discussing potential mechanisms and interventions."> <span>The double burden of diabetes and global infection in low and middle-income countries</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://bmcmedethics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12910-018-0326-x" class="state-published" title="Posted 11/12/2018. Phaik Yeong Cheah and colleagues report a qualitative study on how best to seek broad consent to sharing individual level health research data beyond research collaborations. Their findings demonstrated that research participants prioritise information about the potential benefits and harms of data sharing. The researchers also found that explaining data sharing to research participants was challenging."> <span>Challenges arising when seeking broad consent for health research data sharing</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://www.wwarn.org/malaria-malnutrition-BMC-Medicine-paper" class="state-published" title="Posted 05/12/2018. A WWARN team recently completed a large systematic literature review to understand whether undernutrition places children at higher, lower, or no differential risk for getting malaria. We raise the concern whether an adapted antimalarial treatment strategy is needed in malnourished children. The results present the risks associated with chronic and severe acute malnutrition and the impact on sub-optimal drug exposure, poor patient outcomes and the potential contribution towards an increased risk of antimalarial drug resistance. Photo credit: Albert González Farran, UNAMID, 2013"> <span>Complex interactions between malaria and malnutrition</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-018-1188-2" class="state-published" title="Posted 13/11/2018. Quinoline and related antimalarial drugs are vital tools in the fight against malaria. However, concerns about their possible effects on the heart rhythm may limit their use. Dr Ilsa Haeusler, Dr Xin Hui Chan, and colleagues found that these serious side effects are reassuringly rare in the treatment of malaria"> <span>The arrhythmogenic cardiotoxicity of the quinoline and structurally related antimalarial drugs</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12936-018-2509-9" class="state-published" title="Posted 06/11/18, review by Professor Nick White. Malaria, a parasitic infection of red blood cells, is a leading cause of anaemia in the tropics. Where malaria transmission is intense patients, typically children, may die from severe anaemia. However when falciparum malaria causes other vital organs to fail, moderate anaemia appears to protect against death."> <span>Anaemia and malaria</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://gh.bmj.com/content/3/4/e000725" class="state-published" title="Posted 23/10/18. A plethora of innovative portable devices to screen for poor quality medicines has become available. In a review of the scientific evidence regarding their performances, Dr Celine Caillet and colleagues show that there is a vitally important lack of independent evaluation of the majority of the 41 devices (most being spectrophotometers) found in our search, particularly in field settings. Intensive research is needed in order to inform national medicines regulatory authorities of the optimal choice of device to combat poor quality medicines."> <span>Field detection devices for screening the quality of medicines</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciy741/5086111#.W4ZUARCz1cI.twitter" class="state-published" title="Posted 10/10/2018. Community volunteers are used to deliver a number of healthcare interventions. Although these volunteers are not paid, their time still has an economic value, known as an opportunity cost. Dr Hugo Turner and colleagues found that this economic value is significant for mass drug administration programs: for the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control alone it would be valued at US$60-90 million."> <span>Valuing the unpaid contribution of community health volunteers to mass drug administration programs</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://aricjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13756-018-0384-3" class="state-published" title="Posted 18/09/2018. Let by Professor Yoel Lubell, researchers from MORU and IDDO estimated the economic costs of AMR associated with the consumption of a range of antibiotic classes in high and lower-middle income countries. These estimates are essential for economic evaluations of interventions that affect antibiotic consumption to reflect the full costs and benefits of their use."> <span>Enumerating the economic cost of antimicrobial resistance per antibiotic consumed to inform the evaluation of interventions affecting their use</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1473309918302974?via%3Dihub" class="state-published" title="Posted 04/09/2018. DHA-piperaquine is an important antimalarial recommended by the WHO for the treatment of malaria, and an ideal candidate for mass use in malaria elimination. In a large meta-analysis of ~200,000 subjects, Dr Xin Hui Chan and colleagues find the risk of sudden unexplained death after DHA-piperaquine is extremely low and not higher than baseline, confirming the drug’s safety for the treatment and prevention of malaria."> <span>Important antimalarial drug DHA-piperaquine safe to use</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/inthealth/advance-article/doi/10.1093/inthealth/ihy038/5038421" class="state-published" title="Posted 24/07/18. A study from Bangkok by Professor Wirichada Pan-Ngum and colleagues shows accessing households for proper spraying was a problem for control dengue outbreaks. In addition, inefficient communications among the sectors from hospital to district offices led to inaccurate or missing patient addresses for spraying. Involving community networks help to improve public engagement with and participation in the programmes."> <span>Addressing challenges faced by insecticide spraying for the control of dengue fever</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/360/6386/260.full" class="state-published" title="Posted 17/07/2018. This paper by Professor Stuart Blacksell and colleagues describes the first update to the WHO Laboratory Biosafety Manual in 15 years. The need to update international lab biosafety guidance is part of a broader initiative to globalize biosafety, emphasizing principles and approaches that are accessible to countries spanning a broad range of financial, technical and regulatory resources."> <span>Risk-based reboot for global lab biosafety</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciy319/5034800" class="state-published" title="Posted 03/07/2018. Chloroquine, the recommended treatment for vivax malaria, delays but does not prevent relapses. Primaquine is the only widely available drug that prevents relapses but it can induce haemolysis in patients with G6PD deficiency. Cindy Chu and colleagues showed that added to chloroquine, primaquine is very effective for relapse prevention, but should be used alongside quantitative G6PD testing."> <span>Comparison of the Cumulative Efficacy and Safety of Chloroquine, Artesunate, and Chloroquine-Primaquine in Plasmodium vivax Malaria</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://www.wwarn.org/news/news-articles/small-children-and-pregnant-women-may-be-underdosed-widely-used-antimalarial-drug" class="state-published" title="Posted 27/06/2018. Current recommended treatment regimens for the most widely used medicine for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria may be sub-optimal for small children and pregnant women according to a study led by Professor Joel Tarning."> <span>Small children and pregnant women may be underdosed with widely used antimalarial drug</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0006330" class="state-published" title="Posted 15/05/2018. Kartika Karaswati, Stuart Blacksell and colleagues reviewed the diagnostic accuracy of the available scrub typhus point-of-care tests, feasible to be used in resource limited settings. Although the available evidence is varied in methodology and quality, POCTs appear to have low false positive rates, thus confidence in interpreting a positive result can be high."> <span>Scrub typhus point-of-care testing</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://bmcmedethics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12910-018-0259-4" class="state-published" title="Posted 08/05/2018. Is it ethical to withhold a recommended treatment from a patient in clinical trial? In this paper we evaluate whether exchanging placebo for an active drug is ethical. We use the example of a randomised control trial of primaquine to determine its anti-relapse efficacy against vivax malaria and conclude that in some cases a placebo arm is imperative."> <span>The ethics of using placebo in randomised controlled trials</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciy235/4953396" class="state-published" title="Posted 25/04/2018. Mary-Ellen Gilder and colleagues at SMRU demonstrate low levels of primaquine in breast milk, findings that should change treatment policy allowing more breastfeeding women to be cured of P.vivax. This will potentially reduce the global burden of this infection which has significant negative consequences for pregnant mothers and infants."> <span>Primaquine pharmacokinetics in lactating women and breastfed infant exposures</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)30324-6/abstract" class="state-published" title="Posted 17/04/2018. This new Lancet malaria seminar, by Elizabeth Ashley and Charlie Woodrow, is one of a series of clinically focused, structured, up-to-date reviews which are grouped together in The Lancet Clinic with other relevant content. The aim of the seminars is to give a comprehensive overview of diseases to practising clinicians, emphasising recent advances, controversies and uncertainties."> <span>Malaria</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.iddo.org/news/study-analyses-amr-networks-low-and-middle-income-countries" class="state-published" title="Posted 10/04/2018. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious threat to public health. A new report by Elizabeth Ashley and colleagues describes the role of supranational networks in AMR surveillance in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs); Liz Ashley and colleagues analysed networks that were in existence between January 2000 and August 2017. This study reveals the challenges of establishing sustainable and effective networks to tackle resistance to antimicrobial medicines."> <span>Study analyses antimicrobial resistance surveillance networks in LMICs</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciy213/4930781?guestAccessKey=3ccd92c5-9d44-4cbd-a714-fa4bc1704bbf" class="state-published" title="Posted 29/03/2018. This randomised controlled trial, by Katherine Plewes and colleagues, of acetaminophen (paracetamol) in Bangladeshi patients with severe and moderately severe malaria shows that acetaminophen reduces kidney dysfunction and risk of developing acute kidney injury, particularly in patients with significant haemolysis. This proof-of-principle study supports the underlying hypothesis that acetaminophen inhibits cell-free haemoglobin-mediated oxidative kidney damage."> <span>Acetaminophen as a renoprotective adjunctive treatment for patients with malaria</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciy196/4924016" class="state-published" title="Posted 20/03/2018. A clinical trial in Cambodia evaluated the safety and effectiveness of mass drug administration (MDA) to interrupt multi-drug resistant falciparum malaria. Coverage with at least one round was 88%, no severe adverse events were reported, and MDA was associated with the absence of clinical P. falciparum cases for at least one year."> <span>Mass drug administration to stop multi drug resistant malaria in Cambodia</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29444080?dopt=Abstract&utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter" class="state-published" title="Posted 14/03/2018. Blood from patients treated with ivermectin can kill mosquitos. Our results indicate that ivermectin mass drug administration to humans could be a potential malaria control tool to aid malaria elimination efforts in South America."> <span>Promising approach to reducing Malaria transmission by ivermectin</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-017-0990-6" class="state-published" title="Posted 06/03/2018. Primaquine is being promoted actively to block the transmission of falciparum malaria parasites between humans and mosquitoes to reduce the spread of highly resistant malaria ‘superbugs.’ In response, Bob Taylor and colleagues developed a primaquine dosing scheme based on age. This will be useful where there are no functioning weighing scales and when primaquine mass drug treatment will be given."> <span>Single low-dose primaquine for blocking transmission of Plasmodium falciparum malaria</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12936-018-2202-z" class="state-published" title="Posted 13/02/2018. Two mass drug administrations against falciparum malaria were conducted in 2015–16, one as operational research in northern Cambodia, and the other as a clinical trial in western Cambodia. During an April 2017 workshop in Phnom Penh the field teams from Médecins Sans Frontières and the Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit discussed lessons for future mass drug administrations."> <span>Community participation in mass anti-malarial administrations in Cambodia</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://reproductive-health-journal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12978-017-0421-3" class="state-published" title="Posted 16/01/2018. Ethics guidelines have evolved to protect vulnerable groups such as pregnant women from research. This has resulted in a lack of research in these populations making them even more vulnerable because of the lack of evidence-based medical care. In this paper, Professor Phaik Yeong Cheah and her collaborators discuss how regulatory frameworks can sometimes lead to a generalized exclusion of pregnant women from research."> <span>Ethics, regulation, and beyond: the landscape of research with pregnant women</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0005838" class="state-published" title="Posted 21/11/2017. Scrub typhus is a serious mite-transmitted and difficult-to-diagnose infectious disease increasingly recognised as a major treatable cause of febrile illnesses with a wider distribution beyond Asia. Despite many limitations on the amount and quality of available reports to date, scrub typhus remains a severely underappreciated tropical disease, deserving more attention."> <span>Estimating the burden of scrub typhus Estimating the burden of scrub typhus</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(17)30340-6/fulltext" class="state-published" title="Posted 17/10/2017. Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria in pregnancy both increase stillbirth risk, which is likely to increase as endemicity declines. A study by SMRU and University of Melbourne researchers shows that better P. falciparum malaria control efforts could prevent up to 1 in 5 to 8 stillbirths in sub-Saharan Africa."> <span>Quantification of the association between malaria in pregnancy and stillbirth</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-12331-5" class="state-published" title="Posted 04/10/2017. Recruiting 183 acute melioidosis patients and 21 control subjects in order to explore immune factors associated with survival status and diabetes, this study identified two class I HLA alleles associated with increased risk of death during melioidosis. Stronger T cell responses to nine immunodominant antigens were observed in those who survived, with responses to one of these – GroEL – observed to be impaired in patients with diabetes."> <span>Infection with Burkholderia pseudomallei – immune correlates of survival in acute melioidosis</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/2-59/v1" class="state-published" title="Posted 26/09/2017. Professor Phaik Yeong Cheah and colleagues published a paper describing their experience and challenges engaging with communities involved in the Targeted Malaria Elimination initiative in Karen State, Myanmar. The report gives a detailed account of the activities conducted and challenges encountered which included difficulties explaining concepts like drug resistance and submicroscopic infection."> <span>Community engagement for the rapid elimination of malaria</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs40258-017-0305-2" class="state-published" title="Posted 05/09/2017. Can faster progress be made in the fight against malaria by targeting interventions to where they will have the most impact? Health economists and mathematical modellers from the Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit have developed an approach to use maps of disease risk together with models of the transmission of disease and the costs and effectiveness of malaria interventions to help local decision makers design more impactful malaria control and elimination programmes."> <span>Geographic resource allocation based on cost effectiveness</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-017-0877-6" class="state-published" title="Posted 25/08/2017. In more than 50,000 pregnancies where 16% of women had malaria infection, the odds of small for gestational age and preterm birth following falciparum, and vivax malaria, were quantified. These newborn effects have life-long implications and efforts to effectively prevent malaria in pregnancy must be pursued."> <span>Influence of number and timing of malaria episodes during pregnancy on prematurity and birthweight</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iuatld/ijtld/2017/00000021/00000007/art00008" class="state-published" title="Posted 14/08/2017. Through history and attributes of migration of Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis patients before diagnosis and treatment, and spatial analysis of their travelling patterns, the study highlights links between human migration and dispersal of multi-drug resistant Tuberculosis across wide geographic areas. It confirms needs for interventions suited to migrants’ life circumstances."> <span>Migration histories of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients from the Thailand-Myanmar border, 2012–2014</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002290" class="state-published" title="Posted 13/06/2017. It has been maintained for decades that quinine is the safest drug for treatment of malaria in the first trimester of pregnancy. In the largest analysis of data from Thailand and Africa, artemisinins are reported to be at least as safe as quinine. This will simplify treatment protocols worldwide."> <span>First-trimester artemisinin derivatives and quinine treatments and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in Africa and Asia</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214109X1630287X" class="state-published" title="Posted 17/03/2017. An investigation conducted by the international medical organisation Médecins Sans Frontières revealed that over a thousand people in a remote area of the Democratic Republic of Congo suffered toxic effects after ingesting fake diazepam pills. The research was published in The Lancet Global Health with contribution from Prof Paul Newton from IDDO and LOMWRU."> <span>An epidemic of dystonic reactions in central Africa</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(16)30255-8/fulltext" class="state-published" title="Posted 03/11/2016. Six harmonised protocols to capture Zika-related data to help public health professionals, clinicians and clinical researchers to gain a better understanding of the disease has been published on the WHO website. A number of partners - under the leadership of Institut Pasteur and WHO, including ISARIC and CONSISE have contributed to the development of these protocols to address key public health concerns associated with the Zika virus outbreak. The Working Group on ZIKV Harmonized Research, which included Dr Gail Carson and Professor Peter Horby, published a commentary on the project in the Lancet Global Health yesterday."> <span>Harmonised Zika virus research protocols published</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0164363" class="state-published" title="Posted 17/10/2016. Training local Karen and Burman women as skilled birth attendants in refugee settings resulted in no adverse perinatal outcomes and many positive outcomes such as a drop in stillbirths and infant deaths and more babies being born in clinics rather than at home, says a new study, led by Professor Rose McGready and published in PLOS ONE."> <span>Birth attendant training course may be global model for safer birth care in poor communities</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12859-025-06098-0" class="state-published" title="Posted 26/03/2025. Helminth species identification is challenging due to their diversity. Abigail Hui En Chan, Sompob Saralamba and their team developed ABIapp, a user-friendly R/Shiny application that helps researchers visualize taxonomic boundaries using genetic distance data. With up to 76% accuracy, ABIapp outperforms existing web-based tools, providing a valuable resource for helminth research."> <span>Validating a web application’s use of genetic distance to determine helminth species boundaries and aid in identification</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="/news" class="state-published" title=""> <span>News</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units" class="state-published" title="Established in 1979 as a research collaboration between Mahidol University (Thailand), Oxford University (UK) and the UK's Wellcome Trust, the Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU) conducts targeted clinical trials and public health research that aim to discover and develop appropriate, affordable interventions that measurably improve the health of people living in resource-limited parts of the world."> <span>Units & Departments</span> </a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/moru-bangkok" class="state-published" title="Established in 1979 as a research collaboration between Thailand's Mahidol University and the UK's University of Oxford and Wellcome, the Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU) and its Departments, laboratories and Operations & Admin are headquartered in Bangkok, Thailand within Mahidol's Faculty of Tropical Medicine."> <span>MORU Bangkok</span> </a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/moru-bangkok/malaria" class="state-published" title="The aim of the Malaria & Critical Illness Department at MORU is to improve health through research that addresses threats arising from malaria for billions of people who live in malaria endemic zones around the globe."> <span>Malaria & Critical illness</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/moru-bangkok/microbiology" class="state-published" title="Opened in 1986, the Microbiology Department conducts research on: melioidosis, scrub typhus and other rickettsial infections; antimicrobial resistance; leptospirosis; the epidemiology of infectious diseases; sepsis and severe sepsis; the evaluation of diagnostic tests; and the immunology and cell biology of infectious diseases."> <span>Microbiology</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/moru-bangkok/pharmacology" class="state-published" title="Established in 2003 to meet a need for accurate, sensitive antimalarial drug measurements in the biological fluids of clinical trials patients, MORU’s Department of Clinical Pharmacology is now one of the world’s leading laboratories for antimalarial drug pharmacology."> <span>Clinical Pharmacology</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/moru-bangkok/mathematical-and-economic-modelling" class="state-published" title="The Mathematical and Economic MODelling (MAEMOD) Department’s main research focus is mathematical and economic models supporting investigations into the transmission, control and elimination of tropical diseases."> <span>Mathematical and Economic Modelling (MAEMOD)</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/moru-bangkok/bioethics-engagement" class="state-published" title="Paying attention to the needs of the public and communities is essential to make our programmes ethical and trustworthy, and to maximise their success and impact."> <span>Bioethics & Engagement</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/moru-bangkok/epidemiology" class="state-published" title="MORU Epidemiology studies the factors that contribute to the risk of different diseases and how to reduce those risks. The research portfolio includes clinical studies, descriptive epidemiology, and statistical and mathematical modelling of human diseases in South and Southeast Asia and Africa with a current focus on malaria, dengue, novel pathogens and environmental health."> <span>Epidemiology</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/moru-bangkok/clinical-therapeutics-unit-ctu" class="state-published" title="The Clinical Therapeutics Unit (CTU) conducts clinical studies on the treatment of uncomplicated malaria and analyses and models pathological responses in malaria, G6PD deficiency, vivax relapse and anti-infective drug pharmacometric and pharmacodynamics data."> <span>Clinical Therapeutics Unit (CTU)</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/moru-bangkok/clinical-trials-support-group" class="state-published" title="The Clinical Trials Support Group (CTSG) supports investigators conducting research for the MORU Tropical Health Network and in collaboration with MORU sister units in Vietnam and Kenya – an international endeavour both within Thailand and across Southeast Asia and Africa. Established in 2009, CTSG enhances the research infrastructure at MORU to ensure research is conducted to applicable Good Clinical Practice standards and regulations."> <span>Clinical Trials Support Group (CTSG)</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/moru-bangkok/operations-administration" class="state-published" title="Led by Chief Operating Officer (COO) David Burton (top right) and based in Bangkok, MORU's Operations & Administration team provides multifunctional support to Departments, Units and study sites across the MORU Tropical Health Network. In addition, HR & Training, Logistics, IT, Health & Safety, Compliance, Security, Communications, Finance, Admin, Legal / Research Services, Contracts and Funding teams based in the University of Oxford provide the MORU Network with valuable support, as do operations teams based in each MORU Unit."> <span>Operations & Administration</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/smru-thailand" class="state-published" title="Founded in 1986 to work in camps for refugees from Myanmar, the Shoklo Malaria Research Unit (SMRU) provides quality health care to the marginalized populations living on both sides of the Thai-Myanmar border in the Mae Sot area, Tak Province. It does this by combining research and humanitarian services, with an emphasis on mother and child health and infectious diseases. In 2018 the Borderland Health Foundation was registered in Thailand as a legal structure attached to SMRU to further develop the non-research activities."> <span>SMRU (Thailand)</span> </a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/smru-thailand/humanitarian-activities" class="state-published" title=""> <span>Humanitarian activities</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/smru-thailand/research-activities" class="state-published" title=""> <span>Research activities</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/smru-thailand/our-team" class="state-published" title=""> <span>Our team</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/smru-thailand/significant-achievements" class="state-published" title="Summary"> <span>Significant achievements</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/smru-thailand/future-vision" class="state-published" title="Summary"> <span>Future vision</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/smru-thailand/smru-website" class="state-published" title=""> <span>SMRU website</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/lomwru-lao-pdr" class="state-published" title="Located in Vientiane, the main objective of the Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU) is to conduct clinical research on diseases of public health importance, to contribute directly to health improvement in Laos and similar communities with little health information across Asia."> <span>LOMWRU (Lao PDR)</span> </a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/lomwru-lao-pdr/our-team" class="state-published" title=""> <span>Our team</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/lomwru-lao-pdr/significant-achievements" class="state-published" title="Summary"> <span>Significant achievements</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/lomwru-lao-pdr/medicine-quality" class="state-published" title="Summary"> <span>Medicine quality</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/lomwru-lao-pdr/lomwru-annual-reports" class="state-published" title=""> <span>LOMWRU Annual Reports</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/comru-cambodia" class="state-published" title="Embedded within the Angkor Hospital for Children (AHC) in Siem Reap, Cambodia, the Cambodia-Oxford Medical Research Unit (COMRU) was established in 2006 as a collaboration between MORU and AHC, a non-profit paediatric teaching hospital and clinical training site for Cambodian doctors, nurses, medical students and health workers that provides free, quality healthcare to children. COMRU’s research focuses on the causes and reduction of morbidity and mortality in Cambodian children."> <span>COMRU (Cambodia)</span> </a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/comru-cambodia/our-team" class="state-published" title=""> <span>COMRU team</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/comru-cambodia/copy_of_significant-achievements" class="state-published" title="Research at COMRU has defined the epidemiology of some of the key infectious diseases affecting Cambodian children. We have contributed to development of the Cambodia National Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System and helped revise the country’s National Action Plan for Antimicrobial Resistance and implemented an electronic antibiotic prescription guideline app at AHC and led development of a comprehensive hospital antimicrobial stewardship programme."> <span>Significant achievements COMRU</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/comru-cambodia/future-vision" class="state-published" title=""> <span>Future vision</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/comru-cambodia/contact" class="state-published" title=""> <span>Contact</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/mocru-myanmar" class="state-published" title="Led by Prof Frank Smithuis, formerly of Médécins sans Frontières (MSF) and later of Medical Action Myanmar (MAM), the Myanmar Oxford Clinical Research Unit (MOCRU) was established in 2013."> <span>MOCRU (Myanmar)</span> </a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/mocru-myanmar/our-team" class="state-published" title=""> <span>MOCRU Team</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/malaria-critical-illness" class="state-published" title="The aim of the Malaria & Critical Illness Department at MORU is to improve health through research that addresses threats arising from malaria for billions of people who live in malaria endemic zones around the globe. Our research focuses on the diagnosis, pathophysiology, treatment including the raising issue of drug resistance, prevention and elimination of malaria"> <span>Malaria & Critical illness</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/microbiology" class="state-published" title="Opened in 1986, the Microbiology Department conducts research on: melioidosis, scrub typhus and other rickettsial infections; antimicrobial resistance; leptospirosis; the epidemiology of infectious diseases; sepsis and severe sepsis; the evaluation of diagnostic tests; and the immunology and cell biology of infectious diseases."> <span>Microbiology</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/clinical-pharmacology" class="state-published" title="Established in 2003 to meet a need for accurate, sensitive antimalarial drug measurements in the biological fluids of clinical trials patients, MORU’s Department of Clinical Pharmacology is now one of the world’s leading laboratories for antimalarial drug pharmacology."> <span>Clinical Pharmacology</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/mathematical-and-economic-modelling-maemod" class="state-published" title="The Mathematical and Economic MODelling (MAEMOD) Department’s main research focus is mathematical and economic models supporting investigations into the transmission, control and elimination of tropical diseases."> <span>Mathematical and Economic Modelling (MAEMOD)</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/bioethics-engagement" class="state-published" title="Paying attention to the public and communities is essential to make our programmes ethical and trustworthy, to maximise their success and impact."> <span>Bioethics & Engagement</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/epidemiology" class="state-published" title="MORU Epidemiology studies the factors that contribute to the risk of different diseases and how to reduce those risks. The research portfolio includes clinical studies, descriptive epidemiology, and statistical and mathematical modelling of human diseases in South and Southeast Asia and Africa with a focus on malaria, dengue, novel pathogens and environmental health."> <span>Epidemiology</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/clinical-therapeutics-unit-ctu" class="state-published" title="The Clinical Therapeutics Unit (CTU) conducts clinical studies on the treatment of uncomplicated malaria and analyses and models pathological responses in malaria, G6PD deficiency, vivax relapse and anti-infective drug pharmacometric and pharmacodynamics data."> <span>Clinical Therapeutics Unit (CTU)</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/units/clinical-trials-support-group-ctsg" class="state-published" title="The Clinical Trials Support Group (CTSG) supports investigators conducting research for the MORU Tropical Health Network and in collaboration with MORU sister units in Vietnam and Kenya – an international endeavour both in Thailand and across Southeast Asia and Africa"> <span>Clinical Trials Support Group (CTSG)</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/research-areas" class="state-published" title="Our integrated, highly collaborative, flexible structure of 5 research units and ~ 50 clinical research sites across Asia and Africa allows us to address global and regional health problems by conducting targeted clinical and public health research that discover and develop appropriate, practical, affordable interventions that measurably improve the health of people living in resource-limited parts of the world."> <span>Research Areas</span> </a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/research-areas/malaria" class="state-published" title=""> <span>Malaria</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/research-areas/maternity-childhealth" class="state-published" title=""> <span>Mother and child health</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/research-areas/microbiology-non-malaria-infections" class="state-published" title=""> <span>Microbiology & non-malaria infections</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/research-areas/critical-illness" class="state-published" title=""> <span>Critical illness</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/research-areas/medicine-quality" class="state-published" title="Summary"> <span>Medicine quality</span> </a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/research-areas/medicine-quality/covid-19-pandemic" class="state-published" title=""> <span>COVID-19 pandemic</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/research-areas/statistics-data-modelling" class="state-published" title="Summary"> <span>Statistics, data & modelling</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/research-areas/bioethics-engagement" class="state-published" title="Summary"> <span>Bioethics & Engagement</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/team" class="state-published" title=""> <span>Team</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/publications" class="state-published" title=""> <span>Publications</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/researcher-podcasts" class="state-published" title=""> <span>Researcher Podcasts</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/work-and-study" class="state-published" title="The Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU) is part of The Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Oxford. Within MORU, our strength is our infrastructure to deliver excellent research and clinical studies to develop healthcare methods and systems for the improvement of global health.These pages contain information and links to details of jobs, studentships and oppourtunites for those wishing to join the MORU network."> <span>Work & Study</span> </a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/work-and-study/jobs" class="state-published" title="Due to the diversity and international spread of our network, our vacancies are interesting and varied. We offer career development and training for all staff and students. Check out our jobs section to see local vacancies for Thai nationals, international opportunities advertised by Oxford, plus read about some of our researchers and how their careers have developed as part of this network."> <span>Job opportunities</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/work-and-study/training" class="state-published" title="Check out our new Training pages for links and information on training courses, materials and resources available to MORU Network staff and students."> <span>Training</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/work-and-study/students" class="state-published" title="We have been hosting students from Mahidol University, University of Oxford and Open University for over 20 years. Review our student pages to learn more about life as a MORU student, investigate the research that we do, identify a potential supervisor and find out how to apply."> <span>Students</span> </a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/work-and-study/students/moru-students" class="state-published" title="Studentships at the Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit in Bangkok, Thailand"> <span>MORU Students</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.oucru.org/moru-oucru-discovery-research-academy/" class="state-published" title="With a focus on global health and infectious diseases, this Wellcome-funded 18-month programme is designed to empower early to mid-career post-doctoral researchers within our extensive network across Asian low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Our vision is to transform the landscape of health research in South Asia by building capacity, enhancing research skills, and fostering a vibrant community of researchers."> <span>MORU - OUCRU Discovery Research Academy (MODRA)</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/copcov" class="state-published" title=""> <span>COPCOV</span> </a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/covid-19/copcov" class="state-published" title=""> <span>COPCOV</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/covid-19" class="state-published" title=""> <span>COVID-19</span> </a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/covid-19/copcov" class="state-published" title=""> <span>COPCOV trial</span> </a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/covid-19/copcov/copcov-at-a-glance" class="state-published" title="A global study examining the impact of chloroquine / hydroxychloroquine in preventing COVID-19, COPCOV ended recruitment in December 2021 with 4,646 participants enrolled from sites in Benin, Côte d’Ivoire, Indonesia, Kenya, Mali, Nepal, Niger, Pakistan, Thailand, the UK and Zambia. Preliminary study results are expected within Q2 2022."> <span>COPCOV at a glance</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/covid-19/copcov/lets-find-out-together" class="state-published" title="Let's find out together if hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine may have benefit in preventing COVID-19."> <span>Let's find out together</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/covid-19/copcov/copcov-study-sites" class="state-published" title="COPCOV ended recruitment in December 2021 with 4,646 participants enrolled from sites in Benin, Côte d’Ivoire, Indonesia, Kenya, Mali, Nepal, Niger, Pakistan, Thailand, the UK and Zambia. Preliminary study results are expected within Q2 2022."> <span>COPCOV study sites</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/covid-19/copcov/for-participants-1" class="state-published" title="Thank you for your interest in the COPCOV study. A global study examining the impact of chloroquine / hydroxychloroquine in preventing COVID-19, COPCOV ended recruitment in December 2021 with 4,646 participants enrolled from sites in Benin, Côte d’Ivoire, Indonesia, Kenya, Mali, Nepal, Niger, Pakistan, Thailand, the UK and Zambia. Preliminary study results are expected within Q2 2022. We hope the video and Frequently Asked Questions on this page address any questions you might have."> <span>COPCOV information for participants</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/covid-19/copcov/contact-us" class="state-published" title=""> <span>Contact us</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/covid-19/copcov/copcov-news" class="state-published" title=""> <span>COPCOV News</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/covid-19/copcov/copcov-investigators" class="state-published" title="A global network of scientific, medical and research trial collaborators works together on COPCOV, the MORU-led, Oxford-supported study to test if hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine can prevent COVID-19."> <span>COPCOV Investigators</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/covid-19/sebcov" class="state-published" title=""> <span>SEBCOV study</span> </a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/covid-19/sebcov/sebcov-publications" class="state-published" title=""> <span>SEBCOV publications</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/covid-19/covid-19-news" class="state-published" title=""> <span>COVID-19 News</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://www.tropmedres.ac/units/moru-bangkok/malaria/studies-study-sites/critical-illness" class="state-published" title=""> <span>COVID-19 Reporting</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/motip" class="state-published" title=""> <span>MOTIP</span> </a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.motip.network/" class="state-published" title=""> <span>MOTIP</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/contact" class="state-published" title=""> <span>Contact</span> </a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.tropmedres.ac/about/contact-us" class="state-published" title=""> <span>Contact</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { var menu = $("#mmenu"); menu.mmenu({ navbar: {title: menu.data("title")}, counters: menu.data("counters"), searchfield: menu.data("search") ? {"resultsPanel": true} : {}, navbars: menu.data("search") ? {"content": ["searchfield"]} : {} }); // fix for bootstrap modals // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/35038146/bootstrap-modal-and-mmenu-menu-clashing $(".mm-slideout").css("z-index", "auto"); }); </script> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$(document).ready(function(){ console.log('ready'); $.getScript('https://tools.ndm.ox.ac.uk/haiku_js/general.min.js', function(data) { console.log('got general.min.js'); }); });</script> <script type="text/javascript"> function deleteAllCookies() { var cookies = document.cookie.split("; "); for (var c = 0; c < cookies.length; c++) { if (!HAIKU_ALLOWED_COOKIES.some(v => cookies[c].includes(v))) { var d = window.location.hostname.split("."); while (d.length > 0) { var cookieBase1 = encodeURIComponent(cookies[c].split(";")[0].split("=")[0]) + '=; expires=Thu, 01-Jan-1970 00:00:01 GMT; domain=' + d.join('.') + '; path='; var cookieBase2 = encodeURIComponent(cookies[c].split(";")[0].split("=")[0]) + '=; expires=Thu, 01-Jan-1970 00:00:01 GMT; domain=.' + d.join('.') + '; path='; var p = location.pathname.split('/'); document.cookie = cookieBase1 + '/'; document.cookie = cookieBase2 + '/'; while (p.length > 0) { document.cookie = cookieBase1 + p.join('/'); document.cookie = cookieBase2 + p.join('/'); p.pop(); }; d.shift(); } } } }; if (!(document.cookie.includes('haiku_cookies_enabled'))) { deleteAllCookies(); } </script> </body> </html>

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