CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: disputed paternity</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: disputed paternity"> <meta name="keywords" content="disputed paternity"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="disputed paternity" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="disputed paternity"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 40</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: disputed paternity</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Paternity Index Analysis on Disputed Paternity Cases at Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taufik%20Hidayat">Taufik Hidayat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yudha%20Nurhantari"> Yudha Nurhantari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bambang%20U.%20D.%20Rianto"> Bambang U. D. Rianto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The examination of the Short Tandem Repeats (STR) locus on nuclear DNA is very useful in solving the paternity cases. The purpose of this study is to know the description of paternity cases and paternity index/probability of paternity analysis based on Indonesian allele frequency at Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta. Method: This was an observational study with cross-sectional analytic method. Population and sample were all cases of disputed paternity from January 2011 to June 2015 that fulfill the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were examined at Forensic Medicine Unit of Sardjito Hospital, Medical Faculty of Gadjah Mada University. The paternity index was calculated with EasyDNA Program by Fung (2013). Analysis of the study was conducted by comparing the results through unpaired categorical test using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. This study was designed with 95% confidence interval (CI) with α = 5% and significance level is p < 0,05. Results: From 42 disputed paternity cases we obtained trio paternity cases were 32 cases (76.2%) and duo without a mother was 10 cases (23.8%). The majority of the fathers' estimated ages were 21-30 years (33.3%) and the mother's age was 31-40 years (38.1%). The majority of the ages of children examined for paternity were under 12 months (47.6%). The majority of ethnic clients are Javanese. Conclusion of inclusion was 57.1%, and exclusion was 42.9%. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test obtained p-value = 0.673. Conclusion: There is no significant difference between paternity index/probability of paternity based on Indonesian allele frequency between trio and duo of paternity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disputed%20paternity" title="disputed paternity">disputed paternity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paternity%20index" title=" paternity index"> paternity index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probability%20of%20paternity" title=" probability of paternity"> probability of paternity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=short%20tandem" title=" short tandem"> short tandem</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85905/paternity-index-analysis-on-disputed-paternity-cases-at-sardjito-hospital-yogyakarta-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85905.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Evaluation of DNA Paternity Testing Accuracy of Child Trafficking Cases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wing%20Kam%20Fung">Wing Kam Fung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kexin%20Yu"> Kexin Yu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Child trafficking has been a serious problem in modern China. The Chinese government has established a national anti-trafficking DNA database to help reunite missing children with their families. The database collects DNA information from missing children's parents, trafficked and homeless children, then conducts paternity tests to find matched pairs. This paper considers the matching accuracy in such cases by looking into the exclusion probability in paternity testing. First, the situation of child trafficking in China is introduced. Next, derivations of the exclusion probability for both one-parent and two-parents cases are given, followed by extension to allow for 1 or 2 mutations. The accuracy of paternity testing of child trafficking cases is then assessed using the exclusion probabilities and available data. Finally, the number of loci that should be used to ensure a correct match is investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20trafficking" title="child trafficking">child trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%20database" title=" DNA database"> DNA database</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exclusion%20probability" title=" exclusion probability"> exclusion probability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paternity%20testing" title=" paternity testing"> paternity testing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62939/evaluation-of-dna-paternity-testing-accuracy-of-child-trafficking-cases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62939.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">457</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Psychosocial Consequences of Discovering Misattributed Paternity in Adulthood: Insider Action Research</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alyona%20Cerfontyne">Alyona Cerfontyne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Levita%20D%27Souza"> Levita D'Souza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lefteris%20Patlamazoglou"> Lefteris Patlamazoglou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Unlike adoption and donor-assisted reproduction, misattributed paternity occurring within the context of spontaneous conception and outside of formally recognised practices of having a child remains largely an understudied phenomenon. In adulthood, to discover misattributed paternity, i.e., that the man you call your father is not related to you genetically, can have profound implications for everyone affected. Until the advent of direct-to-consumer DNA testing 20 years ago, such discoveries were relatively rare. Despite the growing number of individuals uncovering their biogenetic paternity through genetic testing, there is very limited research on misattributed paternity from the perspective of adult children affected by it. No research exists on how to support these individuals through counselling post-discovery. Framed as insider action research, this study aimed to explore the perceived psychosocial consequences of misattributed paternity discoveries and coping strategies used by individuals who discover their misattributed paternity status in adulthood. In total, 12 individuals with misattributed paternity participated in semi-structured interviews in July-August 2022. The collected data was analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. The study’s results indicate that discovering misattributed paternity in adulthood can be likened to a watershed moment forever changing the trajectory of one’s life. Psychological experiences consistent with trauma, as well as grief and loss, re-evaluation of close family relationships, reestablishment of one’s identity, as well as experiencing a profound need to belong are the key themes emerging from the analysis of psychosocial experiences. Post-discovery, individuals with misattributed paternity employ a wide range of emotional and problem-focused coping strategies, amongst which seeking connection with those who understand, searching for information on the new biogenetic family and finding new meanings to life are most prominent. The study contributes both to the academic and practical knowledge of experiences of misattributed paternity and highlights the importance of further research on the topic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discovery%20of%20misattributed%20paternity" title="discovery of misattributed paternity">discovery of misattributed paternity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=misattributed%20paternity" title=" misattributed paternity"> misattributed paternity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paternal%20discrepancy" title=" paternal discrepancy"> paternal discrepancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychosocial%20consequences" title=" psychosocial consequences"> psychosocial consequences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coping" title=" coping"> coping</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170317/psychosocial-consequences-of-discovering-misattributed-paternity-in-adulthood-insider-action-research" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170317.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> When Women Cheat: DNA Testing and Discourses of Femininity in the Closure DNA Show Zimbabwe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shingirai%20Mandizadza">Shingirai Mandizadza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> ‘The Closure’ DNA Show is a publicly hosted program on Youtube, the brainchild of a private citizen, Tinashe Mugabe, who started uploading episodes of the Show in 2020. The Show captures the paternity confirmation journeys of different families who approach the Show to share their stories and have the paternity results aired. Since the show started, a discourse on women’s sexuality has circulated in Zimbabwe, with cases of misattribution of paternity revealing social anxieties as well as a discursive space in which to think through a range of issues that include gender and sexuality. When paternity results are negative, they show misattribution of paternity by women, who, in most cases, are seen to have cheated. Men and women in Zimbabwe have traditionally been subjected to different ‘rules’ guiding sexual behavior. Gender roles in heterosexual intimate relationships frame different expectations for physical intimacy, including sexual and non-sexual touch, emotional intimacy, and commitment.  This paper seeks to analyze discourses of femininity and sexuality engendered by negative paternity results. It analyses how sexuality and feminity are produced, reproduced and contested using the textual forms and communicative practices in the comments section of episodes of The Closure DNA Show. A Feminist Critical Discourse (FCDA) is used to review how language is used to frame the sexuality and femininity of the women on the show and Zimbabwean women in general. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title="gender">gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexuality" title=" sexuality"> sexuality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paternity" title=" paternity"> paternity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discourse" title=" discourse"> discourse</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194598/when-women-cheat-dna-testing-and-discourses-of-femininity-in-the-closure-dna-show-zimbabwe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194598.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">11</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> The Role of DNA Evidence in Determining Paternity in India: A Study of Cases from the Legal and Scientific Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pratyusha%20Das">Pratyusha Das</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A paradigm shift has been noticed in the interpretation of DNA evidence for determining paternity. Sometimes DNA evidence has been accepted while sometimes it was rejected by the Indian Courts. Courts have forwarded various justifications for acceptance and rejection of such evidence through legal and scientific means. Laws have also been changed to accommodate the necessities of society. Balances between both the legal and scientific approaches are required, to make the best possible use of DNA evidence for the well-being of the society. Specifications are to be framed as to when such evidence can be used in the future by pointing out the pros and cons. Judicial trend is to be formulated to find out the present situation. The study of cases of superior courts of India using an analytical and theoretical approach is driving the questions regarding the shared identity of the legal and scientific approaches. To assimilate the differences between the two approaches, the basic differences between them have to be formulated. Revelations are required to access the favorable decisions using the DNA evidence. Reasons are to be forwarded for the unfavorable decisions and the approach preferred in such cases. The outcome of the two methods has to be assessed in relation to the parties to the dispute, the society at large, the researcher and from the judicial point of view. The dependability of the two methods is to be studied in relation to the justice delivery system. A highlight of the chronological study of cases along with the changes in the laws with the aid of presumptions will address the questions of necessity of a method according to the facts and situations. Address is required in this respect whether the legal and scientific forces converge somewhere pushing the traditional identification of paternity towards a fundamental change. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cases" title="cases">cases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evidence" title=" evidence"> evidence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legal" title=" legal"> legal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scientific" title=" scientific"> scientific</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64636/the-role-of-dna-evidence-in-determining-paternity-in-india-a-study-of-cases-from-the-legal-and-scientific-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64636.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">243</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Massively Parallel Sequencing Improved Resolution for Paternity Testing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xueying%20Zhao">Xueying Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ke%20Ma"> Ke Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui%20Li"> Hui Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Cao"> Yu Cao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fan%20Yang"> Fan Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qingwen%20Xu"> Qingwen Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenbin%20Liu"> Wenbin Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) technologies allow high-throughput sequencing analyses with a relatively affordable price and have gradually been applied to forensic casework. MPS technology identifies short tandem repeat (STR) loci based on sequence so that repeat motif variation within STRs can be detected, which may help one to infer the origin of the mutation in some cases. Here, we report on one case with one three-step mismatch (D18S51) in family trios based on both capillary electrophoresis (CE) and MPS typing. The alleles of the alleged father (AF) are [AGAA]₁₇AGAG[AGAA]₃ and [AGAA]₁₅. The mother’s alleles are [AGAA]₁₉ and [AGAA]₉AGGA[AGAA]₃. The questioned child’s (QC) alleles are [AGAA]₁₉ and [AGAA]₁₂. Given that the sequence variants in repeat regions of AF and mother are not observed in QC’s alleles, the QC’s allele [AGAA]₁₂ was likely inherited from the AF’s allele [AGAA]₁₅ by loss of three repeat [AGAA]. Besides, two new alleles of D18S51 in this study, [AGAA]₁₇AGAG[AGAA]₃ and [AGAA]₉AGGA[AGAA]₃, have not been reported before. All the results in this study were verified using Sanger-type sequencing. In summary, the MPS typing method can offer valuable information for forensic genetics research and play a promising role in paternity testing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family%20trios%20analysis" title="family trios analysis">family trios analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20casework" title=" forensic casework"> forensic casework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion%20torrent%20personal%20genome%20machine%20%28PGM%29" title=" ion torrent personal genome machine (PGM)"> ion torrent personal genome machine (PGM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=massively%20parallel%20sequencing%20%28MPS%29" title=" massively parallel sequencing (MPS)"> massively parallel sequencing (MPS)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80960/massively-parallel-sequencing-improved-resolution-for-paternity-testing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80960.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Heilong-Amur River: From Disputed Border to Brigde of Cooperation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wan%20Wang">Wan Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xing%20Li"> Xing Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the international river playing an increasingly important role in international relations, the border river between China and Russia has attracted more attention. During the history of Sino-Russian relations, Heilong-Amur River used to be a disputed border. The Sino-Russian transboundary water cooperation regarding the Heilong-Amur River started in 1950s and has obtained rapid improvement. In the 21st century, this cooperation has made substantial progress, which is worthy of a further study. However, this cooperation is facing with obstacles in aspects of economy, policy, implementation and mutual understandings. Under this circumstance, from the perspective of China, it is of necessity to realize these problems and take appropriate measures to promote the cooperation. The current Sino-Russian relations is conducive to transboundary water resources cooperation regarding the Heilong-Amur River and some measures adopted by China are already ongoing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperation" title=" cooperation"> cooperation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heilong-Amur%20River" title=" Heilong-Amur River"> Heilong-Amur River</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russia" title=" Russia"> Russia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55387/heilong-amur-river-from-disputed-border-to-brigde-of-cooperation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55387.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Effects of Paternity: A Comparative Study to Analyze the Organization's Support in the Psychological Development of Children in India and USA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aayushi%20Dalal">Aayushi Dalal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is the mother who bears the child in her womb for 9 months. It is typically rooted in the Indian culture that it is solely the responsibility of women to take care of the children and as a result the gender roles are stereotyped. Instead of a 50-50 partnership in parenting the child, it is hackneyed that men take the responsibility of the bread earner while women nurture the children by staying at home. Thus, mothers are considered to be more psychologically connected to the children than fathers. But the current society is observing role dilution of parents which can create a gap in understanding from the organization’s perspective. This is the basis of the study. The emergence of women into the job market has forever changed how society views the traditional roles of fathers and mothers. Feminism and financial power has reformed the classic parenting model. This has given rise to a more open and flexible society consequently emphasizing the father's importance in the emotional well being of the child while also being capable caretakers and disciplinarians. This study focuses on analyzing the comparative differences of the father's role in the psychological development of the child in India and USA while taking into consideration the organization’s support towards them. A sample size of 150 fathers- 75 from India and 75 from USA was selected and a structured survey was carried out which had several open ended as well as closed ended questions probing to the issue. It was made sure that the environmental factors had as minimal effect as possible on the subjects. The findings of this research would materialize a framework for fathers to understand the magnitude of their role in their child's upbringing. This would not only ameliorate the "father-child" relationship but also make organization more sympathetic towards their employees. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paternity" title="paternity">paternity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20development" title=" child development"> child development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychology" title=" psychology"> psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20role" title=" gender role"> gender role</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organization%20policy" title=" organization policy"> organization policy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56887/effects-of-paternity-a-comparative-study-to-analyze-the-organizations-support-in-the-psychological-development-of-children-in-india-and-usa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56887.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">218</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Reliability of Dry Tissues Sampled from Exhumed Bodies in DNA Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Agostini">V. Agostini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Gino"> S. Gino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Inturri"> S. Inturri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Piccinini"> A. Piccinini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In cases of corpse identification or parental testing performed on exhumed alleged dead father, usually, we seek and acquire organic samples as bones and/or bone fragments, teeth, nails and muscle’s fragments. The DNA analysis of these cadaveric matrices usually leads to identifying success, but it often happens that the results of the typing are not satisfactory with highly degraded, partial or even non-interpretable genetic profiles. To aggravate the interpretative panorama deriving from the analysis of such 'classical' organic matrices, we must add a long and laborious treatment of the sample that starts from the mechanical fragmentation up to the protracted decalcification phase. These steps greatly increase the chance of sample contamination. In the present work, instead, we want to report the use of 'unusual' cadaveric matrices, demonstrating that their forensic genetics analysis can lead to better results in less time and with lower costs of reagents. We report six case reports, result of on-field experience, in which eyeswabs and cartilage were sampled and analyzed, allowing to obtain clear single genetic profiles, useful for identification purposes. In all cases we used the standard DNA tissue extraction protocols (as reported on the user manuals of the manufacturers such as QIAGEN or Invitrogen- Thermo Fisher Scientific), thus bypassing the long and difficult phases of mechanical fragmentation and decalcification of bones' samples. PCR was carried out using PowerPlex® Fusion System kit (Promega), and capillary electrophoresis was carried out on an ABI PRISM® 310 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems®), with GeneMapper ID v3.2.1 (Applied Biosystems®) software. The software Familias (version 3.1.3) was employed for kinship analysis. The genetic results achieved have proved to be much better than the analysis of bones or nails, both from the qualitative and quantitative point of view and from the point of view of costs and timing. This way, by using the standard procedure of DNA extraction from tissue, it is possible to obtain, in a shorter time and with maximum efficiency, an excellent genetic profile, which proves to be useful and can be easily decoded for later paternity tests and/or identification of human remains. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eye%20swabs%20and%20cartilage" title=" eye swabs and cartilage"> eye swabs and cartilage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identification%20human%20remains" title=" identification human remains"> identification human remains</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paternity%20testing" title=" paternity testing"> paternity testing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93992/reliability-of-dry-tissues-sampled-from-exhumed-bodies-in-dna-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93992.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Working Women and Leave in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ankita%20Verma">Ankita Verma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Women transform the group of people into a family and a house into a home. When a woman embraces motherhood, she undergoes several stresses – both physical and mental. Therefore, to be supportive of women during this critical stage is a societal responsibility. India is in the league of many developed nations in formulating women-friendly policies. One such initiative is the Maternity Benefits Act; first passed in 1961 and later amended from time to time with the latest amended Act of 2017. This review paper critically analyzes provisions of the Act, its implementation, and the legal issues arising out of implementation of the Act. The review suggests that the Act has made a positive impact and the judiciary also has played its role in streamlining the process of implementation of the Act. However, at the same time, it is also felt that employers often hesitate in hiring a mother or an expectant mother. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternity%20benefits" title="maternity benefits">maternity benefits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternity%20benefits%20act%201961%20%26%202017" title=" maternity benefits act 1961 & 2017"> maternity benefits act 1961 & 2017</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motherhood" title=" motherhood"> motherhood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternity%20and%20paternity%20leave" title=" maternity and paternity leave"> maternity and paternity leave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20bonus" title=" medical bonus"> medical bonus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=work%20environment" title=" work environment"> work environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143096/working-women-and-leave-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143096.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Preferences and Experiences in Family-Friendly Workplace Benefits: Gender Variation among Qatari Adults</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20G.%20Grzywacz">Joseph G. Grzywacz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azza%20O.%20Abdelmoneium"> Azza O. Abdelmoneium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdallah%20M.%20Badahdah"> Abdallah M. Badahdah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Qatar provides an interesting context for studying family-friendly policies for working adults because it is governed by monarchy and Sharia law provides the foundation for legislation. This study considers gender variation in the perceived importance of and satisfaction with 12 family-friendly benefits (e.g., paid parental leave, flexible work hours, onsite childcare). Data were from a 2017 national sample of native Qatari adults. The perceived importance of family-friendly benefits was comparable for women and men for 7 of 12 benefits. Men rated paid paternity leave higher than women, but women rated telecommuting, dedicated breastfeeding room, onsite childcare, and opportunities to job share higher than men. Women and men reported similar experiences for 9 of 12 family-friendly benefits, but men’s expectations were better met than women’s for flexible work arrangements, telecommuting, and financial support for athletic clubs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title="culture">culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family-friendly%20benefits" title=" family-friendly benefits"> family-friendly benefits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=work-family" title=" work-family"> work-family</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92442/preferences-and-experiences-in-family-friendly-workplace-benefits-gender-variation-among-qatari-adults" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92442.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">224</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Detentions in Kashmir: A Review of Impact of J&K PSA, 1978</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naseer%20Ahmad%20Bhat">Naseer Ahmad Bhat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Jammu and Kashmir Public Safety Act, 1978 provides for administrative detention in Jammu and Kashmir, a disputed region between India & Pakistan, since 1947. This paper shall critically analyse the working of PSA (Public Safety Act) in this J&K since 1978, since its inception. Detentions under this Act traverse between the security of the State and Liberty of citizens but over decades, has this Act served its purpose in Kashmir or not shall be analysed in this paper. J&K PSA is used to detain political workers, Over-Ground Workers and Stone Pelters who pose a direct threat to the ‘security of the State.’ Detentions under J&K PSA are a good measure in the hands of Security agencies to bring calm during periods of turmoil, but it has socio-economic consequences for detainees as well as families. This paper shall highlight the Socio-Economic impact of detentions under J&K PSA on individuals and families. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detentions" title="detentions">detentions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kashmir" title=" Kashmir"> Kashmir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20safety%20act" title=" public safety act"> public safety act</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liberty" title=" liberty"> liberty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141730/detentions-in-kashmir-a-review-of-impact-of-jk-psa-1978" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141730.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">228</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> The Role of State in Promoting the Green Innovation: Challenges and Opportunities in Taiwan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Po-Kun%20Tsai">Po-Kun Tsai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The issue of climate change is essential in the 21st century. State governments have launched types of strategic industrial policies to encourage more widespread R&D in green technology. Research also indicates that technology is an essential tool to mitigate some of extreme situations. However, one could learn from several prominent cases in international trade area that they have been easily argued and disputed by the foreign counterparts. Thus, how to justify the public sector’s R&D measures under the current world trading system and how to promote the transfer of environmentally sound technologies (EST) to developing states are crucial. The study is to undertake a preliminary examination of the current R&D research area in green technology in Taiwan. Through selective interviews and comparative approach, it tries to identify the loopholes under the current legal framework in Taiwan. It would be, as a basis, for further legal and policy recommendations for the benefits of mankind. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=government" title="government">government</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R%26D" title=" R&D"> R&D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation" title=" innovation"> innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmentally%20sound%20technology%20%28EST%29" title=" environmentally sound technology (EST)"> environmentally sound technology (EST)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31306/the-role-of-state-in-promoting-the-green-innovation-challenges-and-opportunities-in-taiwan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31306.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">479</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Freud’s Theories: Lie or a Symbolism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aakriti%20Lohiya">Aakriti Lohiya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sigmund Freud’s clinical theories were deeply influenced by his childhood and his environment before his exile in England. In this article, the author illuminates his different works and the metaphors in them. The clinical relevance of Freud’s theories is much disputed and chatted but rarely has any psychoanalytic writing touched upon the way in which his theories are linked with life experiences. Exploring the metaphors in Freud’s theories will take us into the uncharted paths of how the experience of life events meets experience in the clinic. A sincere and critical reflection of the ideas proposed by Freud would certainly help us to locate its unfamiliar stages. Many of his theories and ideas attempted to create contact with his early childhood experiences. Freud was Jewish by birth but atheist by nature, which was reflected in many of his theories. The ways in which Freud theorizes the psychosexual development of a being and many of his mammoth theories are elucidated in this study. On the other hand, some of his ideas remain a challenge, which requires remembering, restating, and functioning through the clinical and mystical elements in his writing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sigmund%20freud" title="sigmund freud">sigmund freud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exile" title=" exile"> exile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychoanalytic%20theory" title=" psychoanalytic theory"> psychoanalytic theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor" title=" metaphor"> metaphor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychosexual%20theory" title=" psychosexual theory"> psychosexual theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174060/freuds-theories-lie-or-a-symbolism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174060.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Critical Discourse Analysis of President Mamnoon Hussain Speech in the Joint Session of Parliament. </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Qaisrani">Saeed Qaisrani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article briefly reviews the rise of Critical Discourse Analysis about the Pakistani President Mamnoon Hussain speech which delivered in the joint session of Parliament and teases out a detailed analysis of the various critiques that have been levelled at CDA and its practitioners over the last twenty years, both by scholars working within the “critical” paradigm and by other critics. A range of criticisms are discussed which target the underlying premises, the analytical methodology and the disputed areas of reader response and the integration of contextual factors. Controversial issues such as the predominantly negative focus of much CDA scholarship, and the status of CDA as an emergent “intellectual orthodoxy”, are also reviewed. The conclusions offer a summary of the principal criticisms that emerge from this overview, and suggest some ways in which these problems could be attenuated. It also focused on the different views about president speech and how it is presented in the Pakistani print and electronic media. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Critical%20Discourse%20Analysis" title="Critical Discourse Analysis">Critical Discourse Analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Analytical%20methodology" title=" Analytical methodology"> Analytical methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Corpus%20linguistics" title=" Corpus linguistics"> Corpus linguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reader%20response%20theory" title=" Reader response theory"> Reader response theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Critical%20paradigm" title=" Critical paradigm"> Critical paradigm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Contextualization." title=" Contextualization."> Contextualization.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21939/critical-discourse-analysis-of-president-mamnoon-hussain-speech-in-the-joint-session-of-parliament" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21939.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">484</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> The Impact of Maternity Leave Reforms: Evidence from Finland</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Claudia%20Troccoli">Claudia Troccoli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Childbearing constitutes one of the key factors affecting labour market differences between men and women, accounting for almost a quarter of the gender wage gap. Family leave policies, such as maternity, paternity, and parental leave, represent potential key policy tools to address these inequalities, as they can promote mothers' job continuity and career progression. This paper analyses four major reforms implemented in Finland between the 1960s and the early 1980s. It studies the effects of these maternity and parental leave extensions on mothers' short- and long-run labour market outcomes. Eligibility to longer leave was determined on the basis of the child's date of birth. Therefore, estimation of the causal effects of the reforms is possible by exploiting random variation in children's birthdates and comparing the outcomes of mothers giving birth just before and just after the reform cutoff date. Overall, the three maternity leave reforms did not significantly improve mothers' earnings or employment rates. On the contrary, the estimates, although imprecise, seem to indicate negative effects on women's labour market outcomes. The extension of parental leave is, on the other hand, the only reform that improved mothers' short- and long-term labour market outcomes, both in terms of earnings and employment rate. At the same time, fathers appeared to be negatively affected by the reform. These results provide suggestive evidence that shareable parental leave might have more beneficial effects on mothers' job continuity, as it weakens the connotation of childcare as a task reserved for mothers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family%20policies" title="family policies">family policies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Finland" title=" Finland"> Finland</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20labour%20market%20outcomes" title=" maternal labour market outcomes"> maternal labour market outcomes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternity%20leave" title=" maternity leave"> maternity leave</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138054/the-impact-of-maternity-leave-reforms-evidence-from-finland" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138054.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Social Discourses on Lone Motherhood in South Korea: Social Prejudice and Process of Resistance, Adaptation and Negotiation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thi%20Thu%20Van%20Nguyen">Thi Thu Van Nguyen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In South Korea, Confucianism has not only played a crucial position in Korean traditional culture but also deeply rooted in people’s mind. Confucianism bears a special emphasis on the traditional family pattern characterized by paternalism. Therefore, non-paternity families are barely recognized and unwed mothers are faced with numerous prejudices in their life. Prejudice to unwed mothers in Korea is believed to stem from social discourses against lone motherhood which is the way how people look and talk about unwed mothers and from the early time these social discourses have big impacts on their daily lives. However, after the 1990s, along with the rapid transformation of family pattern and support from social welfare organizations, unwed mothers have gradually got to escape from the social prejudice then established themselves as a new family form. This study is aimed at researching social discourses on lone motherhood in Korea and the process of resistance, adaptation and negotiation of unwed mothers in three different stages: the antenatal, postnatal stages and social inclusion. The anthropological method is employed. Twenty single young mothers of the Korean Unwed Mothers Families' Association were engaged in the author’s detailed interviews. The study’s frame analysis is based on the theoretical framework on social discourses on lone motherhood by Simon Duncan and Rosalind Edwards (1999). This study is an effort to comprehend and investigate the difficulties experienced by unwed mothers living in negative social discourses and the way they overcome the difficulties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unwed%20mothers" title="unwed mothers">unwed mothers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20discourses" title=" social discourses"> social discourses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20prejudice" title=" social prejudice"> social prejudice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Confucianism" title=" Confucianism"> Confucianism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56068/social-discourses-on-lone-motherhood-in-south-korea-social-prejudice-and-process-of-resistance-adaptation-and-negotiation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56068.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Disputed Heritage: Modernism as Resistance </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcos%20Fabris">Marcos Fabris</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The flaccidity of the contemporary art production, its banality and incapacity of raising social and political relevant issues, and its ubiquitous connection to an ever prospering art market have become a trite, prosaic mantra, a thought-terminating cliché repeated by many, at least in the academic circles, who constantly lament the absence of pressing issues, artistically articulated from a Marxist perspective. This ‘resignation’ or crystalized insistence to consider Contemporary Art as a monolithic block – insufficiently critical – seems to be part of a pattern in Art History, not excluding its leftist wings: the idea that Modernism was, too, a homogeneous movement, one that despite its attempts to establish meaningful connections between art and society are now part of a museological past. This post-mortem attributed to a ‘flat’ modernism disregards it’s highly contradictory character and diverging tendencies, in permanent conflict between themselves and part of a larger movement that questioned Capitalism – as a system. The aim of this presentation is to shed light on some of the most radical modern tendencies, how they articulated ways to figure the uneven and combined development, and how this ‘Alternative Modernism’ may inform, inspire, and make us advance critically in our struggles against the returns of Capitalism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=art%20criticism" title="art criticism">art criticism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=art%20history" title=" art history"> art history</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contemporary%20art" title=" contemporary art"> contemporary art</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modernism" title=" modernism"> modernism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38777/disputed-heritage-modernism-as-resistance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38777.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Use of Social Support for Fathers with Developmental Disabilities in Japan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shiori%20Ishida">Shiori Ishida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiromi%20Okuno"> Hiromi Okuno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hisato%20Igarashi"> Hisato Igarashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akemi%20Yamazaki"> Akemi Yamazaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroko%20Takahashi"> Hiroko Takahashi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study was to clarify the differences and similarities regarding the social support of fathers and mothers towards considering increased assistance for the paternity of children with developmental disabilities. Written questionnaires were completed by fathers (n=85) and mothers (n=101) of children using rehabilitation facilities between infancy and 5 years of age. The survey contained multiple-choice questions on four categories: information support (6 items), emotional support (7 items), evaluation support (3 items), and daily living support (3 items). Regarding information support, fathers answered ‘spouse’ as the provider in over 50% of cases for all 6 items, which was significantly different compared with mothers (all p < 0.001). For emotional support, fathers were significantly more likely to get support from the workplace (p < 0.001) and from spouse (p < 0.001). The ‘evaluation support’ did not have significant differences for fathers in all the items, but the most frequent support providers were ‘spouses’. ‘Daily living support’ was significantly different from fathers in the workplace (p < 0.000) in terms of make allowances for work and duties. Thus, it appeared that fathers had fewer social support sources as compared with mothers and limited non-spouse support. The understanding of developmental disabilities, acquisition of methods of rehabilitation, and sources of support might have been inadequately addressed among fathers, which could be a hindrance to the involvement of fathers in the rearing of children with developmental disabilities. On the other hand, we also observed that some fathers were involved in the care of developmentally troubled children while providing mental support for their spouse, cooperating with housework, and adjusting their work life. However, the results on the external and social backgrounds of fathers indicated a necessity for greater empowerment and peer support to improve the paternal care of children with developmental disabilities in the family survey. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children%20with%20developmental%20disabilities" title="children with developmental disabilities">children with developmental disabilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family%20support" title=" family support"> family support</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=father" title=" father"> father</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20support" title=" social support"> social support</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114583/use-of-social-support-for-fathers-with-developmental-disabilities-in-japan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114583.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Right to Return and Narrative in Refugee Camps: Case Study in Palestinian Displacement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naomi%20I.%20Austin">Naomi I. Austin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Following WWII, the Geneva Conventions and Universal Declaration of Human Rights declared the right to return an unalienable right. The right to return has been disputed by the Israeli government and upheld as an individual by prominent Palestinian activists. Those who contest the Palestinian right to return argue that it would effectively end the state of Israel. After the conquest of Lebanon, the concept of a two-state solution has been effectively shut down. This research paper will seek to utilize interviews from NGO actors and those displaced to be gathered from fieldwork conducted in refugee camps and bases of international actors, exploring durable and multilateral solutions for not only the refugee crisis but the forced displacement of Palestinians that go beyond state actors and government entities. The research will center on the perspective of those displaced to generate a plausible solution to mitigate negative effects on displaced persons. This paper will seek to address whether the right to return is plausible with the expansion of Israeli territorial conquest and the impact of the Israeli expansion on migrations within the Mediterranean region and the EU, especially with policies of integration into the host community. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=durable%20solutions" title="durable solutions">durable solutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forced%20displacement" title=" forced displacement"> forced displacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protracted%20conflict" title=" protracted conflict"> protracted conflict</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refugee%20studies" title=" refugee studies"> refugee studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=narrative%20building" title=" narrative building"> narrative building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memory" title=" memory"> memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=right%20to%20return" title=" right to return"> right to return</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192644/right-to-return-and-narrative-in-refugee-camps-case-study-in-palestinian-displacement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192644.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">14</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Different Approaches to the Study of Territorial Dispute between China and India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Albina%20Muratbekova">Albina Muratbekova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the main tensions and challenges in the development of Sino-Indian relation is the demarcation of its frontiers. The fact that throughout the history borders had never been demarcated on ground occur a dispute between China and India after receiving sovereignty. Boundaries of India and China are divided into three sectors: Eastern, Middle and Western. The middle sector runs from India’s Uttar Pradesh to the Punjab, 545 km length of the Line of Actual Control, the lines of which was confirmed at the 9th meeting of the Expert Group held in 2001, in New Delhi. Other two sectors are still not determined and cause disputes. A western sector of the frontier is the Aksai Chin plateau, covers areas of Ladakh, Tibet, and Sinkiang. Another disputed area lies in the Eastern sector in the Himalayan region, which after 1986 became the Indian state called Arunachal Pradesh. There are two different approaches in the ways of resolving the border dispute. Chinese side keeps an opinion that the border dispute must be resolved in a timely matter unless it is favorable for China, the resolution can be left to a later generation. While India’s government due to security reasons is eager to demarcate the border. In order to study this conflict was used as a descriptive-comparative-analytical method. Also, it was done a profound analyze of conflict nature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=border%20dispute" title="border dispute">border dispute</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title=" China"> China</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=India" title=" India"> India</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=territorial%20claim" title=" territorial claim"> territorial claim</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42372/different-approaches-to-the-study-of-territorial-dispute-between-china-and-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42372.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Identifying Reforms Required in Construction Contracts from Resolved Disputed Cases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20C.%20Iyer">K. C. Iyer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yogita%20Manan%20Bindal"> Yogita Manan Bindal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumit%20Kumar%20Bakshi"> Sumit Kumar Bakshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The construction industry is plagued with disputes and litigation in India with many stalled projects seeking dispute resolution. This has an adverse effect on the performance and overall project delivery and impacts future investments within the industry. While construction industry is the major driver of growth, there has not been major reforms in the government construction contracts. The study is aimed at identifying the proactive means of dispute avoidance, focusing on reforms required within the construction contracts, by studying 49 arbitration awards of construction disputes. The claims presented in the awards are aggregated to study the causes linked to the contract document and are referred against the prospective recommendation and practices as surveyed from literature review of research papers. Within contract administration, record keeping has been a major concern as they are required by the parties to substantiate the claims or the counterclaims and therefore are essential in any dispute redressal process. The study also observes that the right judgment is inhibited when the record keeping is improper and due to lack of coherence between documents, the dispute resolution period is also prolonged. The finding of the research will be relevant to industry practitioners in contract drafting with a view to avoid disputes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20contract" title="construction contract">construction contract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contract%20administration" title=" contract administration"> contract administration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contract%20management" title=" contract management"> contract management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispute%20avoidance" title=" dispute avoidance"> dispute avoidance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89516/identifying-reforms-required-in-construction-contracts-from-resolved-disputed-cases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89516.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> The 'Cornaro Family Tree' as a Tool for Identifying Cornaro Family Portraits</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachel%20Healy">Rachel Healy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper builds on the speaker’s recent identification of an early sixteenth-century painting in the National Gallery of Ireland as containing rare portraits of Giorgio Cornaro (brother of Caterina, Queen of Cyprus) and his son Cardinal Francesco. It resolves similar long-standing confusion regarding the identities of sitters in related works by Titian, Raphael and Bernini, in works such as the Cornaro Triple Portrait in the National Gallery of Art, Washington DC, Man with a Falcon in The Joslyn Art Museum, Omaha, Head of a Cardinal, Wilton House, Wiltshire and The Cornaro Chapel, Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome, by using an overlooked seventeenth-century painted Cornaro family tree, from Palazzo Corner-Mocenigo, as a tool for identifying these and other sitters in disputed portraits of one of Renaissance Venice’s wealthiest and most influential patrician families. In so doing, it will cast new light on Titian’s development as a portraitist and the extent to which important paintings commissioned by the Cornaro survived fires at two family palaces in Venice in the 1530s. It will also showcase the associations Raphael had with the Cornaro cardinal and will present new evidence relating to the likenesses Bernini fashioned for the Cornaro Chapel in 1647-52. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=portraits" title=" portraits"> portraits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titian" title=" titian"> titian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genealogy" title=" genealogy"> genealogy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bernini" title=" Bernini"> Bernini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family%20tree" title=" family tree"> family tree</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raphael" title=" Raphael"> Raphael</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=venetian%20family" title=" venetian family"> venetian family</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cornaro" title=" cornaro"> cornaro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sixteenth%20century%20Venice" title=" sixteenth century Venice"> sixteenth century Venice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=portraiture" title=" portraiture"> portraiture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169066/the-cornaro-family-tree-as-a-tool-for-identifying-cornaro-family-portraits" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169066.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Multilingual and Ideological Graffiti in Palestine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olivia%20Martina%20Dalla%20Torre">Olivia Martina Dalla Torre</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to describe and analyse some urban writings that emerge in politically disputed areas, namely the Occupied Palestinian Territories, and more specifically in Deheishe refugee camp. These graffiti are visible on the walls of houses, all around the camp, and they convey messages of protest but also of hope or claim about the complex political situation in the occupied territories. These graffiti can be then interpreted as political and politicized semiotic resources. In this paper, after having introduced the political situation of the Palestinian Territories in a historical perspective, we will question a specific dimension of these writings, i.e., their multilingual and ideological aspect. To do this, we will focus on ethnographic fieldwork on Deheishe refugee camp and we will draw on the theoretical framework of the critical communication studies which assert that language practices are not neutral and that they need to be understood through the lens of the historical context of production, crossing space and time. By analysing the relationship between the discursive constructions of the messages and the languages used, we will point out some of the possible reasons and functions of the presence of these multilingual discursive productions. We will show that if, on the one hand, these graffiti confirm the huge presence of Western actors in the region, on the other hand, they attest the presence of an international movement against the Israeli occupation and against other struggles as well. Concluding, we will argue that multilingualism certainly represents a diversification of the linguistic landscape and that it gives a transnational and political dimension to the graffiti. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication" title="communication">communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graffiti" title=" graffiti"> graffiti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilingualism" title=" multilingualism"> multilingualism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Palestine" title=" Palestine"> Palestine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transnationalism" title=" transnationalism"> transnationalism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87852/multilingual-and-ideological-graffiti-in-palestine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87852.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> A Study in the Formation of a Term: Sahaba</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Rahman%20Chamseddine">Abdul Rahman Chamseddine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Companions of the Prophet Muhammad, the Sahaba, are regarded as the first link between him and later believers who did not know him or learn from him directly. This makes the Sahaba a link in the chain between God and the ummah (community). Apart from their role in spreading the Prophet’s teachings, they came to be regarded as role models, representing the Islamic ideal of life as prescribed by the Prophet himself. According to Hadith, the Prophet had promised some Sahaba unqualified admission to paradise. It is commonly agreed that the Sahaba have the following attributes in common: God is well pleased with them; they will surely go to paradise; they are perfectly trustworthy; and they are the authorities from whom Muslims can learn all matters related to their religion. No other generation of Muslims has received the attention received by the Companions of the Prophet. In spite of the importance of the Sahaba in Islam, we still know comparatively little about them. There are at least two reasons for this. First, there is the overall scarcity of information surviving from the early period. At the death of the Prophet, it is said, there were more than 100,000 Companions. As we shall see, this is a complex issue, involving the definition of the term Sahaba. However, only few Companions of the Prophet are known to us. Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqalani, who wrote in the fifteenth century A.D., was only able to collect facts about 11,000 of them (including those whose status as Sahaba was disputed). Ibn Sa‘d, Ibn ‘Abd al-Barr and Ibn al-Athir, all of whom lived earlier than Ibn Hajar, included in their respective works fewer lives of Sahaba than he did. If we consider Ibn Hajar’s Isaba as the most complete biographical account of the Sahaba that remains available, we have information, presumably, on approximately one tenth of them. The remaining nine tenths are apparently lost from the historical record. Second, discussion of the Sahaba tends to focus on those considered the most important among them such as ‘Uthman, ‘Ali and Mu‘awiya, while others, who together number in the thousands, are less well-known. This paper will try to study the origins of the term Sahaba that became exclusive to the Companions of the Prophet and not a synonym of the word companions in general. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=companions" title="companions">companions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadith" title=" Hadith"> Hadith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20history" title=" Islamic history"> Islamic history</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad" title=" Muhammad"> Muhammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahaba" title=" Sahaba"> Sahaba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission" title=" transmission"> transmission</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23205/a-study-in-the-formation-of-a-term-sahaba" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23205.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Russia’s Role in Resolving the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict 1990-2020</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Friba%20Haidari">Friba Haidari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the study is to identify Russia's role in managing the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict betweenArmenia and Azerbaijan during the years 1990 to 2020. The Nagorno-Karabakh crisis can not be considered a mere territorial conflict but also a crossroads of interests of foreign actors. Geopolitical rivalries and the access to energy by regional and trans-regional actors have complicated the crisis and created a security challenge in the region, which is likely to escalate into a full-blown war between the parties involved. The geopolitical situation of Nagorno-Karabakh and its current situation have affected all peripheral states in some way. Russia, as one of the main actors in this scene, has been actively involved since the beginning of the crisis. The Russians have always sought to strengthen their influence and presence in the Nagorno-Karabakh crisis. Russia's efforts to weaken the role of the Minsk Group, The presence of Western actors, and the deployment of Russian forces in the disputed area can be assessed in this context. However, this study seeks to answer the question of what role did Russia play in managing the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan between 1990 and 2020? The study hypothesizes that Russia has prevented the escalation of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict through mediation and some coercion. This study is divided into four parts, including conflict management as a theoretical framework; Examining the competition and the role of actors in the Caucasus region, especially the role of the Minsk Group, and what approach or tools and methods Russia has used in its foreign policy in managing the conflict, and finally what are the relations between the countries involved and what will be Russia's role in the future? Was discussed. This study examines the analysis and transfer of ideas and information using authoritative international sources with an explanatory method and shares its results with everyone. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conflict" title=" conflict"> conflict</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nagorno-karabakh" title=" nagorno-karabakh"> nagorno-karabakh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149829/russias-role-in-resolving-the-nagorno-karabakh-conflict-1990-2020" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149829.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Study on the Situation between France and the South China Sea from the Perspective of Balance of Power Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhenyi%20Chen">Zhenyi Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the rise of China and the escalation of tension between China and the United States, European countries led by Great Britain, France, and Germany pay increasing attention to the regional situation in the Asia-Pacific (now known as "Indo-Pacific"). Among them, the South China Sea (SCS) is one of the main areas disputed by China, the United States, Southeast Asian countries and some European countries. Western countries are worried that the rise of China's military power will break the stability of the situation in SCS and alter the balance of power among major powers. Therefore, they tried to balance China's rise through alliance. In France's Indo-Pacific strategy, France aims to build a regional order with the alliance of France, India and Australia as the core, and regularly carry out military exercises targeting SCS with the United States, Japan and Southeast Asian countries. For China, the instability of the situation in SCS could also threaten the security of the southeast coastal areas and Taiwan, affect China's peaceful development process, and pose a threat to China's territorial sovereignty. This paper aims to study the activities and motivation of France in the South China Sea, and put the situation in SCS under the perspective of Balance of Power Theory, focusing on China, America and France. To be more specific, this paper will first briefly introduce Balance of Power Theory, then describe the new trends of France in recent years, followed with the analysis on the motivation of the increasing trend of France's involvement in SCS, and finally analyze the situation in SCS from the perspective of "balance of power" theory. It will be argued that great powers are carefully maintaining the balance of military power in SCS, and it is highly possible that this trend would still last in the middle and long term, particularly via military deployment and strategic alliances. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20China%20Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=France" title=" France"> France</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title=" China"> China</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=balance%20of%20power%20theory" title=" balance of power theory"> balance of power theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indo-Pacific" title=" Indo-Pacific"> Indo-Pacific</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141357/study-on-the-situation-between-france-and-the-south-china-sea-from-the-perspective-of-balance-of-power-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141357.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Teaching Critical Thinking in Post-Conflict Countries: The University of Liberia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamille%20Beye">Kamille Beye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Critical thinking is a topic that has been disputed in the field of education for decades, but many resulting debates have centered around strengthening critical thinking capabilities in the societies, workforces, and educational centers of the global north. In contrast, this paper provides an analysis of the teaching of critical thinking in Liberia, which has been ravaged by years of war and a recent Ebola outbreak. These crises have decimated the Liberian education sector, leading to a loss of teaching capacities that are essential to providing critical thinking education. Until recently, critical thinking had no seat at the table when the future needs of the country were discussed by the government and non-governmental agencies. Now, the University of Liberia has a bold goal to become one of the top twenty universities in West Africa in the next seven years, which has led to a focus on teaching critical thinking skills to improve learning. This paper argues that critical thinking is essential to strengthening not only the Liberian education system, but for promoting peace amongst community members, and yet it suggests that commitments to the teaching of critical thinking in Liberia have hitherto been overly superficial. Based on an initial scoping study, this paper will examine the potential impacts of teaching critical thinking skills to undergraduate students in the William V. S. Tubman School of Education at the University of Liberia on continued peacebuilding and reconstruction efforts of the country. The research contends that if critical thinking skills are taught, practiced and continually utilized, teachers and students will have the ability to engage with information and negotiate challenges to solutions in ways that are beneficial to the communities in which they live. The research will use a variety of methods, that include the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory. This research will demonstrate that critical thinking skills are not only needed for entering the workforce, but necessary for negotiating and expressing the needs and desires of local communities in a peaceful way. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20thinking" title="critical thinking">critical thinking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liberia" title=" Liberia"> Liberia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peacebuilding" title=" peacebuilding"> peacebuilding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-conflict" title=" post-conflict"> post-conflict</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111777/teaching-critical-thinking-in-post-conflict-countries-the-university-of-liberia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111777.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Embracing Complex Femininity: A Comparative Analysis of the Representation of Female Sexuality in John Webster and William Faulkner </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elisabeth%20Pedersen">Elisabeth Pedersen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Representations and interpretations of womanhood and female sexualities bring forth various questions regarding gender norms, and the implications of these norms, which are permeating and repetitive within various societies. Literature is one form of media which provides the space to represent and interpret women, their bodies, and sexualities, and also reveals the power of language as an affective and affected force. As literature allows an opportunity to explore history and the representations of gender, power dynamics, and sexuality through historical contexts, this paper uses engaged theory through a comparative analysis of two work of literature, The Duchess of Malfi by John Wester, and The Sound and the Fury by William Faulkner. These novels span across space and time, which lends to the theory that repetitive tropes of womanhood and female sexuality in literature are influenced by and have an influence on the hegemonic social order throughout history. It analyzes how the representation of the dichotomy of male chivalry and honor, and female purity are disputed and questioned when a woman is portrayed as sexually emancipated, and explores the historical context in which these works were written to examine how socioeconomic events challenged the hegemonic social order. The analysis looks at how stereotypical ideals of womanhood and manhood have damaging implications on women, as the structure of society provides more privilege and power to men than to women, thus creating a double standard for men and women in regards to sexuality, sexual expression, and rights to sexual desire. This comparative analysis reveals how strict gender norms are permeating and have negative consequences. However, re-reading stories through a critical lens can provide an opportunity to challenge the repetitive tropes of female sexuality, and thus lead to the embrace of the complexity of female sexuality and expression. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=femininity" title="femininity">femininity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literature" title=" literature"> literature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=representation" title=" representation"> representation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexuality" title=" sexuality"> sexuality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91148/embracing-complex-femininity-a-comparative-analysis-of-the-representation-of-female-sexuality-in-john-webster-and-william-faulkner" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91148.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> The Coverage of Women's Sport of Greek Sports Websites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eleni%20Tsalkatidou">Eleni Tsalkatidou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite the fact that women's sport has flourished in recent years, its media coverage remains low, as it is observed that every day men’s sports stories dominate the most popular sports websites and the same doesn’t apply to women. Many studies in the past have demonstrated that the participation of women in sport is greatly underrepresented in the media and even when it does get covered, the focus is often on femininity and attractiveness, not athleticism. This means that female athletes are often portrayed in a sexist manner and, in general, they are more deserving of media coverage as celebrities rather than because of their sporting achievements. Scholars have argued that sport is a place where sexism is cultivated, as gender roles are constructed and disputed based on social context. Although images and information about women athletes are now more than ever, thanks to Social Media where they also act as 'producers', sport is still considered as «masculine». There are many reasons why this happens, the most important of which are: a. It is considered that females don’t have the physical and athletic qualifications such as men and b. Women's sport is less commercial than men’s, so the interest is lower. Moreover, scholars have pointed out that men journalists/reporters don’t cover the women’s sport: it is more common for a woman to write about a women's sport or a female athlete. This has its roots in the conception that sport is synonymous with masculinity - which is deﬁned as the opposite of femininity – and so if men deal with women’s sport, this will probably menace their association with masculinity. Given the above, this paper seeks to examine the amount of women’s sport coverage of five Greek popular sports websites (metrosport.gr, gazzeta.gr, sport24.gr, sdna.gr, sport-fm.gr). The posted articles from these Greek websites from January to June 2020 were selected for my content analysis, which will be used to categorize the themes in order that the following research questions could be answered: 1) Are there any articles that cover women's sports or that refer to female athletes?, 2) And if so, are they articles/reports or is it a reproduction of the press release?, 3) What kind of sports do they refer to (individual-team sport)?, 4) Are the articles signed? And if so, are they written by men or women?, 5) What textual practices are used to cover women's sport/female athletes?, 6) Based on the findings, could we argue that we have entered a new age of media coverage of women’s sport in Greece with a shift towards greater gender equality or not? <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Coverage" title="Coverage">Coverage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Greek%20websites" title=" Greek websites"> Greek websites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sport" title=" Sport"> Sport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Women" title=" Women"> Women</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128696/the-coverage-of-womens-sport-of-greek-sports-websites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128696.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disputed%20paternity&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disputed%20paternity&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>