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id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieiContributi" title="Un elenco delle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>contributi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieDiscussioni" title="Discussioni sulle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>discussioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indice" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Carica_di_colore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carica_di_colore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Carica di colore</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carica_di_colore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Composizione_dei_gluoni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composizione_dei_gluoni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Composizione dei gluoni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Composizione_dei_gluoni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energia_del_gluone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energia_del_gluone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Energia del gluone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energia_del_gluone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Indice" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gluone</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 78 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">78 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gluon" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%84%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86" title="غلوون - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غلوون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gluon" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A6%D8%A4%D9%88%D9%86" title="قلئؤون - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قلئؤون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Глюон - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Глюон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Глуон - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Глуон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8" title="গ্লুয়ন - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্লুয়ন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Gluon" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glu%C3%B3" title="Gluó - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gluó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluonu" title="Gluonu - corso" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Gluonu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gluon" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Глюонсем - ciuvascio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Глюонсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gluon" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gluon" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Γκλουόνιο - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκλουόνιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gluon" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluono" title="Gluono - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gluono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gluon" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluuon" title="Gluuon - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gluuon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluoi" title="Gluoi - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gluoi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86" title="گلوئون - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گلوئون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluoni" title="Gluoni - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gluoni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gluon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gl%C3%BA%C3%B3n" title="Glúón - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Glúón" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glu%C3%B3n" title="Gluón - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gluón" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9F" title="גלואון - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גלואון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%A8" title="ग्लुओन - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ग्लुओन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gluon" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gluon" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Գլյուոն - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գլյուոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Gluon" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gluon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADmeind" title="Límeind - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Límeind" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3" title="グルーオン - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グルーオン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Глюон - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Глюон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%80%EB%A3%A8%EC%98%A8" title="글루온 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="글루온" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Глюон - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Глюон" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gluon" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon - limburghese" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Gluon" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluun" title="Gluun - lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Gluun" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliuonas" title="Gliuonas - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gliuonas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluons" title="Gluons - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gluons" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Глуон - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Глуон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%93%E0%B5%BA" title="ഗ്ലൂഓൺ - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗ്ലൂഓൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gluon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ဂလူယွန် - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂလူယွန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon - basso tedesco" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Gluon" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gluon" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gluon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gluon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gluon" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%94%E0%A8%A8" title="ਗਲੂਔਨ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗਲੂਔਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gluon" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%A4%D9%86" title="گلؤن - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گلؤن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gl%C3%BAon" title="Glúon - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Glúon" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gluon" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Глюон - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Глюон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gluon" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gluon" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glu%C3%B3n" title="Gluón - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gluón" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gluon" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Глуон - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Глуон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gluon" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF" title="ஒட்டுமின்னி - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஒட்டுமின்னி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Глюон - tagico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Глюон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tagico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="กลูออน - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กลูออน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Gluon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gluon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Глюон - tataro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Глюон" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Глюон - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Глюон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86" title="گلواون - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گلواون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyuon" title="Glyuon - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Glyuon" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gluon" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Gluon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%B6%E5%AD%90" title="胶子 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="胶子" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%86%A0%E5%AD%90" title="膠子 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="膠子" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%86%A0%E5%AD%90" title="膠子 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="膠子" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingcinyane" title="Ingcinyane - zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ingcinyane" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3299#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gluone" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussione:Gluone" rel="discussion" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione linguistica" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">italiano</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visite"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gluone"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluone&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluone&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluone&action=history" title="Versioni precedenti di questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Strumenti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gluone"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluone&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluone&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluone&action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Gluone" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Gluone" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluone&oldid=142611673" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluone&action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Cita&page=Gluone&id=142611673&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informazioni su come citare questa pagina"><span>Cita questa voce</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGluone"><span>Ottieni URL breve</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGluone"><span>Scarica codice QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampa/esporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Gluone"><span>Crea un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:DownloadAsPdf&page=Gluone&action=show-download-screen"><span>Scarica come PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluone&printable=yes" title="Versione stampabile di questa pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versione stampabile</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In altri progetti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gluons" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3299" title="Collegamento all'elemento connesso dell'archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" 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.sinottico_annidata:last-child>tbody>tr:last-child>th{border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_divisione+.sinottico_divisione>th,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_testata+.sinottico_divisione>th{border-top:2px solid #f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_divisione th{background-color:#eeeeee;padding:.15em .4em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_piede{text-align:center;font-size:90%;background:#EFEFEF}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_piede2{background-color:white;font-size:xx-small;padding-bottom:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_sottotitolo{font-size:80%}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_testata th{background-color:#dedede;font-size:116%;padding:.2em .4em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_testo_centrale{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del soggetto"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="background:#bfdfff">Gluone</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Feynmann_Diagram_Gluon_Radiation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Feynmann_Diagram_Gluon_Radiation.svg/260px-Feynmann_Diagram_Gluon_Radiation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Feynmann_Diagram_Gluon_Radiation.svg/390px-Feynmann_Diagram_Gluon_Radiation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Feynmann_Diagram_Gluon_Radiation.svg/520px-Feynmann_Diagram_Gluon_Radiation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><a href="/wiki/Diagramma_di_Feynman" title="Diagramma di Feynman">Diagramma di Feynman</a> con l'emissione di un gluone (g)</td></tr><tr><th>Composizione</th><td><a href="/wiki/Particella_elementare" title="Particella elementare">Particella elementare</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Famiglia</th><td><a href="/wiki/Bosone_(fisica)" title="Bosone (fisica)">Bosone</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Gruppo</th><td><a href="/wiki/Bosone_di_gauge" title="Bosone di gauge">Bosone di gauge</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Interazioni_fondamentali" title="Interazioni fondamentali">Interazioni</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Interazione_forte" title="Interazione forte">Interazione forte</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Simbolo</th><td>g </td></tr><tr><th>N° tipi</th><td>8 </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#bfdfff">Proprietà fisiche</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Massa_a_riposo" title="Massa a riposo">Massa</a></th><td>0 MeV/c<sup>2</sup> (Valore teorico)<sup id="cite_ref-pdg_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pdg-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <p>< 20 MeV/c<sup>2</sup> (Limite sperimentale)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Carica_elementare" title="Carica elementare">Carica elettrica</a></th><td>0<sup id="cite_ref-pdg_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pdg-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Carica_di_colore" title="Carica di colore">Carica di colore</a></th><td>sì, ottetto di gluoni indipendenti </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Spin" title="Spin">Spin</a></th><td>1 </td></tr><tr><th>N° stati di spin</th><td>2 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>I <b>gluoni</b> (dall'inglese <i>glue</i>, colla) sono i <a href="/wiki/Bosone_di_gauge" title="Bosone di gauge">bosoni di gauge</a> dell'<a href="/wiki/Interazione_forte" title="Interazione forte">interazione forte</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HyperPhysics_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HyperPhysics-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hanno <a href="/wiki/Carica_elettrica" title="Carica elettrica">carica elettrica</a> zero, <a href="/wiki/Elicit%C3%A0" title="Elicità">elicità</a> 1 e generalmente si assume che abbiano <a href="/wiki/Massa_(fisica)" title="Massa (fisica)">massa</a> nulla. Dato che sono <a href="/wiki/Bosone_vettore" title="Bosone vettore">bosoni vettori</a> hanno <a href="/wiki/Spin" title="Spin">spin</a> pari a 1. </p><p>Analogamente al <a href="/wiki/Fotone" title="Fotone">fotone</a> nell'<a href="/wiki/Interazione_elettromagnetica" title="Interazione elettromagnetica">interazione elettromagnetica</a>, nella <a href="/wiki/Cromodinamica_quantistica" title="Cromodinamica quantistica">cromodinamica quantistica</a> i gluoni mediano l'interazione tra le particelle dotate di <a href="/wiki/Carica_di_colore" title="Carica di colore">carica di colore</a> tenendo uniti i quark negli <a href="/wiki/Adrone" title="Adrone">adroni</a>, in particolare nei <a href="/wiki/Protone" title="Protone">protoni</a> e nei <a href="/wiki/Neutrone" title="Neutrone">neutroni</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> garantendo la stabilità del <a href="/wiki/Nucleo_atomico" title="Nucleo atomico">nucleo atomico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Quando due quark si scambiano un gluone la loro carica di colore cambia. Diversamente dai fotoni, che sono elettricamente neutri, i gluoni possiedono anch'essi, come i quark, una carica di colore, potendo interagire tra loro; questa caratteristica rende la cromodinamica una teoria più complicata rispetto all'<a href="/wiki/Elettrodinamica_quantistica" title="Elettrodinamica quantistica">elettrodinamica quantistica</a>. I gluoni sono soggetti al fenomeno del <a href="/wiki/Confinamento_dei_quark" title="Confinamento dei quark">confinamento</a>, per il quale non possono esistere isolati ma solo a gruppi. Il loro stato legato viene definito <i><a href="/wiki/Glueball" title="Glueball">glueball</a></i> (palla di colla). </p><p>Le prime evidenze sperimentali dell'esistenza dei gluoni furono trovate all'inizio degli <a href="/wiki/Anni_1980" title="Anni 1980">anni 1980</a> nel collisore di <a href="/wiki/Elettrone" title="Elettrone">elettroni</a> e <a href="/wiki/Positrone" title="Positrone">positroni</a> PETRA<sup id="cite_ref-25y_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25y-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> del <a href="/wiki/DESY" title="DESY">DESY</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> di <a href="/wiki/Amburgo" title="Amburgo">Amburgo</a>, quando vennero trovate evidenze di una <a href="/wiki/Evento_a_tre_jet" title="Evento a tre jet">tripla emissione</a> nelle collisioni tra un elettrone ed un protone.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mentre la presenza di 2 <i>jet</i> era attribuita all'emissione di una coppia quark-antiquark, la terza emissione fu interpretata come l'ulteriore emissione di un gluone (immediatamente "rivestito" in un <i>jet</i>) da parte di uno dei due quark. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Carica_di_colore">Carica di colore</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluone&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Carica di colore" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluone&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Carica di colore"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Carica_di_colore" title="Carica di colore">Carica di colore</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Nel contesto della <a href="/wiki/Cromodinamica_quantistica" title="Cromodinamica quantistica">cromodinamica quantistica</a> (QCD), la <a href="/wiki/Carica_di_colore" title="Carica di colore">carica di colore</a> è una proprietà dei <a href="/wiki/Quark_(particella)" title="Quark (particella)">quark</a> e dei gluoni che è in relazione con la loro <a href="/wiki/Interazione_forte" title="Interazione forte">interazione forte</a>. Ciò è analogo alla nozione di <a href="/wiki/Carica_elettrica" title="Carica elettrica">carica elettrica</a> delle particelle, ma il fatto che il gluone sia dotato di carica di colore, a differenza del fotone che è elettricamente neutro, comporta differenze sia formali sia sostanziali tra la QCD e l'<a href="/wiki/Elettrodinamica_quantistica" title="Elettrodinamica quantistica">elettrodinamica quantistica</a> (QED). Il <i>colore</i> di quark e gluoni non ha nulla a che vedere con i colori percepiti dall'occhio umano. </p><p>Poco dopo la proposta dell'esistenza dei quark avvenuta nel 1964, Oscar W. Greenberg avanzò il concetto di carica di colore per spiegare come quark con caratteristiche identiche possono coesistere all'interno degli <a href="/wiki/Adrone" title="Adrone">adroni</a> e al contempo soddisfare il <a href="/wiki/Principio_di_esclusione_di_Pauli" title="Principio di esclusione di Pauli">principio di esclusione di Pauli</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composizione_dei_gluoni">Composizione dei gluoni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluone&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Composizione dei gluoni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluone&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Composizione dei gluoni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I gluoni hanno due componenti di <a href="/wiki/Carica_di_colore" title="Carica di colore">carica di colore</a>: un colore e un anti-colore. Chiamando <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r,\,g}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>r</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>g</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r,\,g}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4cd3b6fec6a4cb2da9cba9f9e8dafd79c712434f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.586ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r,\,g}"></span> e <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>b</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f11423fbb2e967f986e36804a8ae4271734917c3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.998ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b}"></span> le componenti rosse, verdi e blu (<i>red, green e blue</i>), i gluoni base possibili dovrebbero essere nove: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r{\bar {r}},r{\bar {g}},r{\bar {b}},g{\bar {r}},g{\bar {g}},g{\bar {b}},b{\bar {r}},b{\bar {g}},b{\bar {b}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>b</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>b</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>b</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r{\bar {r}},r{\bar {g}},r{\bar {b}},g{\bar {r}},g{\bar {g}},g{\bar {b}},b{\bar {r}},b{\bar {g}},b{\bar {b}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0fde34063973c7115648c2f4de9bc6beb3cc52e7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:28.815ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r{\bar {r}},r{\bar {g}},r{\bar {b}},g{\bar {r}},g{\bar {g}},g{\bar {b}},b{\bar {r}},b{\bar {g}},b{\bar {b}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Una possibile <a href="/wiki/Base_(algebra_lineare)" title="Base (algebra lineare)">base</a> di gluoni è la seguente (ottetto dei colori):<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (r{\bar {b}}+b{\bar {r}})/{\sqrt {2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>b</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>2</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (r{\bar {b}}+b{\bar {r}})/{\sqrt {2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fe95f01c29982ebdb1073e864d66409d5fac1e27" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:13.411ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (r{\bar {b}}+b{\bar {r}})/{\sqrt {2}}}"></span></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle -i(r{\bar {b}}-b{\bar {r}})/{\sqrt {2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>−</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>b</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>2</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle -i(r{\bar {b}}-b{\bar {r}})/{\sqrt {2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2f0cf21ccd674ab3ff7aa645befbf4131aa878c4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:16.021ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle -i(r{\bar {b}}-b{\bar {r}})/{\sqrt {2}}}"></span></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (r{\bar {g}}+g{\bar {r}})/{\sqrt {2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>2</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (r{\bar {g}}+g{\bar {r}})/{\sqrt {2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/49fdd9567ac27f2937280073e699bad8c4d6c0e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:13.598ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (r{\bar {g}}+g{\bar {r}})/{\sqrt {2}}}"></span></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle -i(r{\bar {g}}-g{\bar {r}})/{\sqrt {2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>−</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>2</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle -i(r{\bar {g}}-g{\bar {r}})/{\sqrt {2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/13f4fec09f67983746cb66e755855c3dee4e6a84" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:16.209ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle -i(r{\bar {g}}-g{\bar {r}})/{\sqrt {2}}}"></span></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (b{\bar {g}}+g{\bar {b}})/{\sqrt {2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>b</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>2</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (b{\bar {g}}+g{\bar {b}})/{\sqrt {2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d133db1e41d4beed093756335d2642ee16c55db7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:13.418ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (b{\bar {g}}+g{\bar {b}})/{\sqrt {2}}}"></span></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle -i(b{\bar {g}}-g{\bar {b}})/{\sqrt {2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>−</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>b</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>2</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle -i(b{\bar {g}}-g{\bar {b}})/{\sqrt {2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/28ed8406aadfd8454fbc367dc7f36b8c025f00a2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:16.029ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle -i(b{\bar {g}}-g{\bar {b}})/{\sqrt {2}}}"></span></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (r{\bar {r}}-b{\bar {b}})/{\sqrt {2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>b</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>2</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (r{\bar {r}}-b{\bar {b}})/{\sqrt {2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bad74dc74da67b8adcd2e8bffa5765633c2c223e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:13.411ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (r{\bar {r}}-b{\bar {b}})/{\sqrt {2}}}"></span></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (r{\bar {r}}+b{\bar {b}}-2g{\bar {g}})/{\sqrt {6}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>b</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>g</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>6</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (r{\bar {r}}+b{\bar {b}}-2g{\bar {g}})/{\sqrt {6}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ef6ac297031ae76cfcd7e8954267e52c09aa13e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:19.761ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (r{\bar {r}}+b{\bar {b}}-2g{\bar {g}})/{\sqrt {6}}}"></span></li></ul> <p>Un'altra possibile scelta della <a href="/wiki/Base_(algebra_lineare)" title="Base (algebra lineare)">base</a> di gluoni è: </p> <ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (r{\bar {g}})}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (r{\bar {g}})}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fe0335cd4e037261923e8a0cf9b7400f7cc18dfc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.09ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (r{\bar {g}})}"></span></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (r{\bar {b}})}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>b</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (r{\bar {b}})}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3060a2f9456f58e9a0e54d49beac58dce4f6996a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.02ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (r{\bar {b}})}"></span></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (g{\bar {b}})}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>b</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (g{\bar {b}})}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7ef3c17261281111e76cafea6b1214d534a7f0b0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.088ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (g{\bar {b}})}"></span></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (g{\bar {r}})}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (g{\bar {r}})}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/582a1cf62ca6c88d1456817f3558be9965c2b3db" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.217ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (g{\bar {r}})}"></span></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (b{\bar {r}})}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (b{\bar {r}})}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/edd7128139f3a28b86e22d962605ed2deb97f649" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.098ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (b{\bar {r}})}"></span></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (b{\bar {g}})}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (b{\bar {g}})}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d7e887dbd4aed7fffc634edf402ecfcc969850a5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.038ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (b{\bar {g}})}"></span></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (r{\bar {r}}-g{\bar {g}})/{\sqrt {2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>2</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (r{\bar {r}}-g{\bar {g}})/{\sqrt {2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2730b59f78abee29766228352a64431e24b148db" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:13.598ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (r{\bar {r}}-g{\bar {g}})/{\sqrt {2}}}"></span></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (r{\bar {r}}+g{\bar {g}}-2b{\bar {b}})/{\sqrt {6}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>b</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>6</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (r{\bar {r}}+g{\bar {g}}-2b{\bar {b}})/{\sqrt {6}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a47a9535530b112a7bedf2a11e5c0b08ea228e0a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:19.761ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (r{\bar {r}}+g{\bar {g}}-2b{\bar {b}})/{\sqrt {6}}}"></span></li></ul> <p>Quindi vi sono in realtà solo 8 gluoni indipendenti. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Energia_del_gluone">Energia del gluone</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluone&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Energia del gluone" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluone&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Energia del gluone"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pur essendo privi di massa, i gluoni possiedono comunque energia in analogia ai fotoni (vedi <a href="/wiki/Legge_di_Planck" title="Legge di Planck">legge di Planck</a>). La quantità di energia per singolo gluone, o energia gluonica, non è direttamente misurabile a causa del <a href="/wiki/Confinamento_dei_quark" title="Confinamento dei quark">confinamento</a>, che non consente l'isolamento di un singolo gluone; tuttavia, essa può essere stimata da esperimenti di <a href="/wiki/Scattering_anelastico_profondo" title="Scattering anelastico profondo">scattering anelastico profondo</a> (<i>deep inelastic scattering</i>: DIS).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di conseguenza non esiste una relazione analitica per calcolare l'energia gluonica, come invece accade per il fotone. Lo studio del <a href="/wiki/Plasma_di_quark_e_gluoni" title="Plasma di quark e gluoni">plasma di quark e gluoni</a> dovrebbe contribuire a chiarire meglio i risultati. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluone&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluone&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pdg-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-pdg_1-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-pdg_1-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> W.-M. Yao <i>et al.</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pdg.lbl.gov/2007/tables/gxxx.pdf"><span style="font-style:italic;">Review of Particle Physics</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="documento in formato PDF">PDF</abbr></span>), in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Physics_G" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Physics G">Journal of Physics G</a></span>, vol. 33, 2006, p. 1, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1088%2F0954-3899%2F33%2F1%2F001">10.1088/0954-3899/33/1/001</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> F. Yndurain, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(94)01677-5"><span style="font-style:italic;">Limits on the mass of the gluon</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Physics_Letters_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Physics Letters B">Physics Letters B</a></span>, vol. 345, 1995, p. 524, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0370-2693%2894%2901677-5">10.1016/0370-2693(94)01677-5</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HyperPhysics-3"><a href="#cite_ref-HyperPhysics_3-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> C.R. Nave, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/forces/color.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Color Force</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/HyperPhysics" title="HyperPhysics">HyperPhysics</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_State_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia State University">Georgia State University</a>, Department of Physics. <small>URL consultato il 2 aprile 2012</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Forces/funfor.html#c2"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Strong Force</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu</span>. <small>URL consultato il 13 ottobre 2019</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Forces/color.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Color Force</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu</span>. <small>URL consultato il 13 ottobre 2019</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25y-6"><a href="#cite_ref-25y_6-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> I. Flegel, P. Söding, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cerncourier.com/a/twenty-five-years-of-gluons/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Twenty-Five Years of Gluons</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Cern Courier</span>, 2004. <small>URL consultato il 29 luglio 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> R. Brandelik <i>et al</i>. (<a href="/w/index.php?title=TASSO_collaboration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TASSO collaboration (la pagina non esiste)">TASSO collaboration</a>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(79)90830-X"><span style="font-style:italic;">Evidence for Planar Events in e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>−</sup> Annihilation at High Energies</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Physics_Letters_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Physics Letters B">Physics Letters B</a></span>, vol. 86, 1979, pp. 243–249, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0370-2693%2879%2990830-X">10.1016/0370-2693(79)90830-X</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> H.J. Meyer, B. Stella, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722035450/http://www.roma3.infn.it/~stella/PLUTO.gluon/"><span style="font-style:italic;">PLUTO experiments at DORIS and PETRA and the discoveryof the gluon</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">roma3.infn.it</span>. <small>URL consultato il 30 settembre 2009</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.roma3.infn.it/~stella/PLUTO.gluon/">url originale</abbr> il 22 luglio 2011)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> David J. Griffiths, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontoel0000grif_o7r4"><span style="font-style:italic;">Introduction to Elementary Particles</span></a>, John Wiley & Sons, 1987, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-471-60386-4" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-471-60386-4">0-471-60386-4</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Francis Halzen e Alan Douglas Martin, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/quarksleptonsint0000fran"><span style="font-style:italic;">Quarks and Leptons:An Introductory Course in Modern Particle Physics</span></a>, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1984 <abbr title="Data di edizione originale">[12 settembre 1984]</abbr>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0471811879" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0471811879">978-0471811879</a>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluone&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluone&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> David J. Griffiths, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontoel0000grif_o7r4"><span style="font-style:italic;">Introduction to Elementary Particles</span></a>, John Wiley & Sons, 1987, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-471-60386-4" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-471-60386-4">0-471-60386-4</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrey_Grozin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrey Grozin (la pagina non esiste)">Andrey Grozin</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/heavyquarkeffect0000groz"><span style="font-style:italic;">Heavy quark effective theory</span></a>, Berlino, Springer, 2004, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/3-540-20692-2" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/3-540-20692-2">3-540-20692-2</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> William Kaufmann (a cura di), <span style="font-style:italic;">Particles & Fields</span>, ed. speciale, Scientific American, 1980.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> P. Söding, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.1140/epjh/e2010-00002-5"><span style="font-style:italic;">On the discovery of the gluon</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/European_Physical_Journal_H" title="European Physical Journal H">European Physical Journal H</a></span>, vol. 35, n. 1, 2010, pp. 3–28, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1140%2Fepjh%2Fe2010-00002-5">10.1140/epjh/e2010-00002-5</a>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluone&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluone&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quark_(particella)" title="Quark (particella)">Quark (particella)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrone" title="Adrone">Adrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosone_di_gauge" title="Bosone di gauge">Bosone di gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glueball" title="Glueball">Glueball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromodinamica_quantistica" title="Cromodinamica quantistica">Cromodinamica quantistica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrici_di_Gell-Mann" title="Matrici di Gell-Mann">Matrici di Gell-Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modello_standard" title="Modello standard">Modello standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evento_a_tre_jet" title="Evento a tre jet">Evento a tre jet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasma_di_quark_e_gluoni" title="Plasma di quark e gluoni">Plasma di quark e gluoni</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluone&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluone&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/gluone" class="extiw" title="wikt:gluone">Wikizionario</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Gluons"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gluons?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikizionario"><img alt="Collabora a Wikizionario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/18px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/27px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wikizionario</a> contiene il lemma di dizionario «<b><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/gluone" class="extiw" title="wikt:gluone">gluone</a></b>»</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gluons?uselang=it">gluone</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluone&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluone&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTreccani.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/gluone"><span style="font-style:italic;">gluone</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299#P3365" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Christine Sutton, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/gluon"><span style="font-style:italic;">gluon</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pdg.lbl.gov/2004/tables/contents_tables.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Summary tables in the "Review of particle physics"</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">pdg.lbl.gov</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.desy.de/pr-info/desyhome/html/presse/glossary.html#G"><span style="font-style:italic;">DESY glossary</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">desy.de</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.symmetrymag.org/cms/?pid=1000160"><span style="font-style:italic;">Logbook of gluon discovery</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">symmetrymag.org</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/ParticleAndNuclear/gluons.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Why are there eight gluons and not nine?</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">math.ucr.edu</span>.</cite></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output 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mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Particelle"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Particelle" title="Template:Particelle"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/wiki/Discussioni_template:Particelle" title="Discussioni template:Particelle"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Particelle&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a href="/wiki/Particella_subatomica" title="Particella subatomica">Particelle in fisica</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:10%"><b><a href="/wiki/Particella_elementare" title="Particella elementare">Elementari</a></b></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd" style="background:transparent"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:9%;background:#e6e6ff"><b><a href="/wiki/Fermione" title="Fermione">Fermioni</a></b></th><td colspan="1"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:12%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Quark_(particella)" title="Quark (particella)">Quark</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Quark_up" title="Quark up">Up</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Quark_down" title="Quark down">Down</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Quark_charm" title="Quark charm">Charm</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Quark_strange" title="Quark strange">Strange</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Quark_top" title="Quark top">Top</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Quark_bottom" title="Quark bottom">Bottom</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; 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width:9%;background:#e6e6ff"><b><a href="/wiki/Bosone_(fisica)" title="Bosone (fisica)">Bosoni</a></b></th><td colspan="1"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal;width:12%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Bosone_di_gauge" title="Bosone di gauge">Gauge</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Fotone" title="Fotone">Fotone</a><b> ·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gluone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bosoni_W_e_Z" title="Bosoni W e Z">Bosoni W e Z</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal;width:12%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Bosone_scalare" title="Bosone scalare">Scalari</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Bosone_di_Higgs" title="Bosone di Higgs">Bosone di Higgs</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:9%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Lista_delle_particelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Lista delle particelle">Ipotetiche</a></th><td colspan="1"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="font-weight:normal;width:12%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Sparticella" title="Sparticella">Sparticelle</a></th><td colspan="1"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="font-weight:normal;width:8%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Gaugino" title="Gaugino">Gaugini</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Gluino" class="mw-redirect" title="Gluino">Gluino</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gravitino" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravitino">Gravitino</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fotino" class="mw-redirect" title="Fotino">Fotino</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="font-weight:normal;width:8%;background:#e6e6ff">Altre</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Axino" title="Axino">Axino</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Chargino" title="Chargino">Chargino</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Higgsino" class="mw-redirect" title="Higgsino">Higgsino</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Neutralino" title="Neutralino">Neutralino</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sfermione" title="Sfermione">Sfermione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bosino_(particella)" title="Bosino (particella)">Bosino</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="font-weight:normal;width:12%;background:#e6e6ff">Altre</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Assione" title="Assione">Assione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dilatone" title="Dilatone">Dilatone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gravitone" title="Gravitone">Gravitone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Monopolo_magnetico" title="Monopolo magnetico">Monopolo magnetico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Majorone" title="Majorone">Majorone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tachione" title="Tachione">Tachione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bosoni_X_e_Y" title="Bosoni X e Y">Bosoni X e Y</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bosoni_W%27_e_Z%27" title="Bosoni W' e Z'">bosoni W' e Z'</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Neutrino_sterile" title="Neutrino sterile">Neutrino sterile</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Preone_(fisica)" title="Preone (fisica)">Preone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fermione_di_Majorana" title="Fermione di Majorana">Fermione di Majorana</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:9%;background:#e6e6ff"><b>Altre</b></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Ghost_di_Faddeev-Popov" title="Ghost di Faddeev-Popov">Ghost di Faddeev-Popov</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td rowspan="3" class="navbox_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Modello_Standard_delle_Particelle_Elementari.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Modello_Standard_delle_Particelle_Elementari.svg/400px-Modello_Standard_delle_Particelle_Elementari.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="383" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Modello_Standard_delle_Particelle_Elementari.svg/600px-Modello_Standard_delle_Particelle_Elementari.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Modello_Standard_delle_Particelle_Elementari.svg/800px-Modello_Standard_delle_Particelle_Elementari.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1390" data-file-height="1330" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:10%"><b><a href="/wiki/Stato_legato" class="mw-redirect" title="Stato legato">Composte</a></b></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even" style="background:transparent"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:9%;background:#e6e6ff"><b><a href="/wiki/Adrone" title="Adrone">Adroni</a></b></th><td colspan="1"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:12%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Barione" title="Barione">Barioni</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Iperone_(fisica)" title="Iperone (fisica)">iperoni</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Nucleone" title="Nucleone">Nucleone</a> (<a href="/wiki/Protone" title="Protone">Protone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Neutrone" title="Neutrone">Neutrone</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Barione_delta" title="Barione delta">Barione delta</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Barione_lambda" title="Barione lambda">Barione lambda</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Barione_sigma" title="Barione sigma">Barione sigma</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Barione_Xi" title="Barione Xi">Barione Xi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Barione_omega" title="Barione omega">Barione omega</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:12%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Mesone" title="Mesone">Mesoni</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Quarkonio" title="Quarkonio">quarkoni</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Pione" title="Pione">Pione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_rho" title="Mesone rho">Mesone rho</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_eta" title="Mesone eta">Mesoni eta e eta primo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_phi" title="Mesone phi">Mesone phi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_omega" title="Mesone omega">Mesone omega</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_J/Psi" title="Mesone J/Psi">Mesone J/Psi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_upsilon" title="Mesone upsilon">Mesone upsilon</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kaone" title="Kaone">Kaone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_B" title="Mesone B">Mesone B</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_D" title="Mesone D">Mesone D</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:12%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Adrone_esotico" title="Adrone esotico">Adroni esotici</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Tetraquark" title="Tetraquark">Tetraquark</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pentaquark" title="Pentaquark">Pentaquark</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:9%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Particelle_composte_ipotetiche" title="Categoria:Particelle composte ipotetiche">Ipotetiche</a></th><td colspan="1"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="font-weight:normal; width:12%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Barione_esotico" title="Barione esotico">Barioni esotici</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Esaquark" title="Esaquark">Esaquark</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="font-weight:normal; width:12%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Mesone_esotico" title="Mesone esotico">Mesoni esotici</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Glueball" title="Glueball">Glueball</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Odderone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Odderone (la pagina non esiste)">Odderone</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_theta" title="Mesone theta">Mesone theta</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_T" title="Mesone T">Mesone T</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="font-weight:normal; width:12%;background:#e6e6ff">Altre</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Molecola_mesonica" title="Molecola mesonica">Molecola mesonica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pomerone" title="Pomerone">Pomerone</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:9%;background:#e6e6ff"><b>Altre</b></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Nucleo_atomico" title="Nucleo atomico">Nuclei atomici</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo">Atomi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Atomo_esotico" title="Atomo esotico">Atomi esotici</a> (<a href="/wiki/Positronio" title="Positronio">Positronio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Muonio_(fisica)" title="Muonio (fisica)">Muonio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tauonio" class="mw-redirect" title="Tauonio">Tauonio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pionio" title="Pionio">Pionio</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Atomolecola" title="Atomolecola">Atomolecole</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Molecola" title="Molecola">Molecole</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Superatomo" title="Superatomo">Superatomo</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:10%"><b><a href="/wiki/Quasiparticella" title="Quasiparticella">Quasiparticelle</a></b></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd" style="background:transparent"><a href="/wiki/Droplettone" title="Droplettone">Droplettone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Eccitone" title="Eccitone">Eccitone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fasone" title="Fasone">Fasone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frattone_(particella)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frattone (particella) (la pagina non esiste)">Frattone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fonone" title="Fonone">Fonone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lacuna_(fisica)" title="Lacuna (fisica)">Lacuna</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Levitone" title="Levitone">Levitone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Magnone_(fisica)" title="Magnone (fisica)">Magnone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plasmarone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plasmarone (la pagina non esiste)">Plasmarone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Plasmone" title="Plasmone">Plasmone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Polaritone" title="Polaritone">Polaritone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Polarone" title="Polarone">Polarone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Qualunquone" title="Qualunquone">Qualunquone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rotone" title="Rotone">Rotone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Skyrmione" title="Skyrmione">Skyrmione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Skyrmione_magnetico" title="Skyrmione magnetico">Skyrmione magnetico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Solitone" title="Solitone">Solitone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Solitone_di_Davydov" title="Solitone di Davydov">Solitone di Davydov</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Spinone_(fisica)" title="Spinone (fisica)">Spinone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Topolaritone" title="Topolaritone">Topolaritone</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" class="navbox_abovebelow"><a href="/wiki/Cronologia_della_scoperta_delle_particelle" title="Cronologia della scoperta delle particelle">Cronologia della scoperta delle particelle</a></th></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; 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