Universal Jurisdiction Annual Review: Highlights in 2023

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class="the-content col-md-9"> <h1 class="latest-title orange text-uppercase nospacebelow"> Universal Jurisdiction Annual Review: Highlights in 2023 </h1> <div class="sm-date orange">15.04.2024 ( <strong>Last modified:</strong> 16.04.2024 ) </div> <div class="clr20"></div> <div class="latest-body"> <p><strong>TRIAL International, in collaboration with </strong><a href="https://civitas-maxima.org/"><strong>Civitas Maxima</strong></a><strong>, the Center for Justice and Accountability (</strong><a href="https://cja.org/"><strong>CJA</strong></a><strong>), the European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights (</strong><a href="https://www.ecchr.eu/en/"><strong>ECCHR</strong></a><strong>), the International Federation for Human Rights (</strong><a href="https://www.fidh.org/en/"><strong>FIDH</strong></a><strong>) and </strong><a href="https://redress.org/"><strong>REDRESS</strong></a><strong>, published the 2024 edition of the Universal Jurisdiction Annual Review (</strong><a href="https://trialinternational.org/resources/universal-jurisdiction-tools/universal-jurisdiction-annual-review-ujar/"><strong>UJAR</strong></a><strong>) today. Now in its tenth edition, over the years, the UJAR has continued to showcase the increasingly important role of universal jurisdiction in the fight against impunity. With 36 new investigations opened in 2023 and 16 convictions, the past year confirms this positive trend.</strong></p> <p><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-28001 size-full" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/UJAR-2024_banner_FB.png" alt="Universal Jurisdiction Annual Review 2024" width="3417" height="1500" srcset="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/UJAR-2024_banner_FB.png 3417w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/UJAR-2024_banner_FB-300x132.png 300w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/UJAR-2024_banner_FB-1024x450.png 1024w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/UJAR-2024_banner_FB-768x337.png 768w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/UJAR-2024_banner_FB-1536x674.png 1536w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/UJAR-2024_banner_FB-2048x899.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 3417px) 100vw, 3417px" /></p> <p>However, as noted in this year’s introductory article, the use of this crucial prosecuting tool is not expanding evenly across countries. Despite the incorporation of provisions related to international crimes in the legal frameworks of the majority of countries worldwide, <strong>only 13 domestic jurisdictions currently have open extraterritorial cases</strong>. As long as cases continue to be concentrated in a few specific jurisdictions, the truly universal nature and potential impact of universal jurisdiction will remain unexploited.</p> <p>As highlighted in previous editions of the UJAR, the practice of universal jurisdiction faces numerous challenges. Civil society organizations’ (CSOs) litigation efforts have been instrumental to overcome these and allow for such an important expansion. In 2023, <strong>CSOs have been involved in legal proceedings in over 56% of the ongoing cases</strong>, by filing complaints, collaborating with or providing information to prosecuting authorities, providing support to the plaintiffs and participating as civil parties.</p> <p>Thanks to the collaboration between CSOs and prosecution authorities, <strong>universal and extraterritorial jurisdiction has played a pivotal role in addressing crimes committed in Syria</strong>. The UJAR 2024 includes 49 cases underway in nine prosecuting countries for international crimes committed in Syria and bordering Iraq since 2011. Efforts to hold the Syrian regime accountable are not only numerous, but also significant considering the rank of the suspects targeted: in November 2023, the French war crimes unit issued an international <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/15/french-court-arrest-warrant-bashar-al-assad-crimes-against-humanity-syria">arrest warrant against Syrian president Bashar al-Assad</a>.</p> <p>The past year has also shown the <strong>need for timely justice</strong> and the extent to which prolonged delays can hinder the likelihood of arrests, indictments and trials. This has been the case in the procedure, summarized in the review, against former Syrian vice-president <a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/rifaat-al-assad/">Rifaat al-Assad</a>, whose international arrest warrant was issued 10 years after the criminal complaint filed against him in Switzerland. Only a month before the warrant, he had ended his exile and returned to Syria, where the arm of justice will unlikely be long enough to reach him. In addition, protracted procedures bear the <strong>risk of “biological impunity”</strong> due to the advancing age, failing health and eventual death of suspects, witnesses and victims, when prosecutions are carried out decades after the crimes took place, as it recently happened in <a href="https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/12949/news/crime/genocide-convict-laurent-bucyibaruta-passes-away-at-79">France</a>, <a href="https://www.ecchr.eu/en/press-release/argentinische-militaerdiktatur-angeklagter-ex-militaer-luis-kyburg-gestorben/">Germany</a> and <a href="https://trialinternational.org/case/khaled-nezzar/">Switzerland</a>.</p> <p><strong>About the UJAR 2024</strong></p> <p>The UJAR 2024 was authored by Shoshana Levy. It has been produced with the financial support of the City of Geneva, the European Union, Oak Foundation and the Taiwan Foundation for Democracy. The contents of the document are the sole responsibility of TRIAL International and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the above-mentioned donors.</p> <p><strong>Read and download the UJAR 2024:</strong></p> <p><a href="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/UJAR-2024_digital.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-28009 " src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/UJAR-2024_cover-image-724x1024.jpg" alt="Universal Jurisdiction Annual Review_cover image" width="550" height="778" srcset="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/UJAR-2024_cover-image-724x1024.jpg 724w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/UJAR-2024_cover-image-212x300.jpg 212w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/UJAR-2024_cover-image-768x1086.jpg 768w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/UJAR-2024_cover-image-1086x1536.jpg 1086w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/UJAR-2024_cover-image-1448x2048.jpg 1448w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/UJAR-2024_cover-image-scaled.jpg 1810w" sizes="(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px" /></a></p> <p>You can see all the <a href="https://trialinternational.org/resources/universal-jurisdiction-tools/universal-jurisdiction-annual-review-ujar/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">previous editions of the UJAR on our website</a>.</p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3 right-sidebar "> <div class="downloads"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right white"> <span class="tag">PDF</span> </div> <div class="title"> Universal Jurisdiction Annual Report 2024 </div> <div class="download-file"> <a onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'File', 'download', 'Universal Jurisdiction Annual Report 2024');" href="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/UJAR-2024_digital.pdf" target="_blank"> <i class="fa fa-4x fa-file-pdf-o"></i> </a> </div> 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wo...</a> </h3> <small>14.06.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/gambia/">The Gambia</a> </div> <div class="summary"> Commentary written by activists Fatou Baldeh, CEO of Women in Liberation & Leadership (WILL); Nana-Jo Ndow, founder... <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/sonko-case-how-a-swiss-court-failed-survivors-of-sexual-violence-in-the-gambia-and-worldwide/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a> </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/sonko-case-how-a-swiss-court-failed-survivors-of-sexual-violence-in-the-gambia-and-worldwide/"><img src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Illustration-article_The-Republic-1024x1024.webp" alt="Featured Image" class="img-fluid" /></a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <a class="tag" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest/news-releases/">News releases</a> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/historic-conviction-in-germany-of-a-former-member-of-a-gambian-death-squad-for-crimes-against-humanity/">Historic conviction in Germany of a former member of a Gambian death squad for crimes a...</a> </h3> <small>14.06.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/gambia/">The Gambia</a> </div> <div class="summary"> (Geneva, 30 November 2023) - Bai Lowe, a former member of the paramilitary unit known as the "Junglers", created by form... <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/historic-conviction-in-germany-of-a-former-member-of-a-gambian-death-squad-for-crimes-against-humanity/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a> </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/historic-conviction-in-germany-of-a-former-member-of-a-gambian-death-squad-for-crimes-against-humanity/"><img src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Banner-2-DONALD-verdict_artice-et-home-1024x341.png" alt="Featured Image" class="img-fluid" /></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="carousel-item "> <div class="container container-1200"> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <a class="tag" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest/news/">News</a> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/the-ousman-sonko-case-a-historic-conviction-yet-a-missed-opportunity-to-recognize-sexual-violence-as-a-weapon-of-repression/">Sonko case: a historic conviction, yet a missed opportunity to recognize sexual violenc...</a> </h3> <small>05.06.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/switzerland/">Switzerland</a> </div> <div class="summary"> The conviction of former Gambian Interior Minister Ousman Sonko in Switzerland for crimes against humanity on 15 May 202... <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/the-ousman-sonko-case-a-historic-conviction-yet-a-missed-opportunity-to-recognize-sexual-violence-as-a-weapon-of-repression/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <a class="tag" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest/news-releases/">News releases</a> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/gambian-former-minister-of-interior-ousman-sonko-convicted-of-crimes-against-humanity-in-historic-swiss-trial/">Gambian former Minister of Interior Ousman Sonko sentenced to 20 years in prison for cr...</a> </h3> <small>16.05.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/gambia/">The Gambia</a> </div> <div class="summary"> (Geneva, 15 May 2024) – Ousman Sonko, Gambian former Minister of Interior, was convicted today of crimes against humanit... <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/gambian-former-minister-of-interior-ousman-sonko-convicted-of-crimes-against-humanity-in-historic-swiss-trial/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a> </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/gambian-former-minister-of-interior-ousman-sonko-convicted-of-crimes-against-humanity-in-historic-swiss-trial/"><img src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/sonko_guilty-1024x535.png" alt="Featured Image" class="img-fluid" /></a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <a class="tag" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest/">Reports and publications</a> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/27939/">Recommendations for the investigation and prosecution of international crimes resulting...</a> </h3> <small>21.03.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/ukraine/">Ukraine</a> </div> <div class="summary"> TRIAL International contributed to the ‘An Environmental Compact for Ukraine’ report titled ‘A Green Future: Recommendat... <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/27939/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <a class="tag" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest/news/">News</a> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/questions-and-answers-on-on-first-german-trial-for-serious-crimes-committed-in-the-gambia/">Questions and Answers on first German trial for serious crimes committed in The Gambia</a> </h3> <small>28.02.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/gambia/">The Gambia</a> </div> <div class="summary"> Who is Bai L. and what are the charges against him? Bai L. is a 48-year-old Gambian citizen who is alleged to... <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/questions-and-answers-on-on-first-german-trial-for-serious-crimes-committed-in-the-gambia/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="carousel-item "> <div class="container container-1200"> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <a class="tag" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest/news/">News</a> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/rifaat-al-assad-case/">Rifaat Al-Assad case</a> </h3> <small>23.02.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/syria/">Syria</a> </div> <div class="summary"> Rifaat Al-Assad is a career military man and a Syrian politician. He is the younger brother of the former president of S... <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/rifaat-al-assad-case/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a> </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/rifaat-al-assad-case/"><img src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/249335_105229582899626_2079101_n.jpg" alt="Featured Image" class="img-fluid" /></a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <a class="tag" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest/news-releases/">News releases</a> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/upcoming-trial-of-congolese-warlord-in-france-is-a-historic-step-toward-justice/">Upcoming Trial of Congolese Warlord in France is a Historic Step Toward Justice</a> </h3> <small>20.02.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/france/">France</a> </div> <div class="summary"> On 6 November, three French investigative judges indicted former Congolese warlord Roger Lumbala Tshitenga for his alleg... <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/upcoming-trial-of-congolese-warlord-in-france-is-a-historic-step-toward-justice/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a> </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/upcoming-trial-of-congolese-warlord-in-france-is-a-historic-step-toward-justice/"><img src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/6511254-copie-1024x681.jpg" alt="Featured Image" class="img-fluid" /></a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <a class="tag" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest/opinions/">Opinions</a> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/ending-the-cycle-of-impunity-in-ukraine-and-beyond/">Ending the cycle of impunity in Ukraine and beyond!</a> </h3> <small>15.02.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/ukraine/">Ukraine</a> </div> <div class="summary"> Two years ago, the world watched with dismay as Russian forces invaded Ukraine. This conflict, far from fading,... <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/ending-the-cycle-of-impunity-in-ukraine-and-beyond/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <a class="tag" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest/news-releases/">News releases</a> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/trial-against-former-gambian-minister-of-interior-for-crimes-against-humanity-to-start-in-switzerland/">Trial against former Gambian Minister of Interior for Crimes against humanity to start ...</a> </h3> <small>05.12.2023</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/gambia/">The Gambia</a> </div> <div class="summary"> The trial of Ousman Sonko, former Gambian Minister of Interior, will open on 8 January 2024 before the Swiss Federal Cri... <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/trial-against-former-gambian-minister-of-interior-for-crimes-against-humanity-to-start-in-switzerland/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container arrows-container"> <a class="arrow-left" href="#latest-carousel" role="button" data-slide="prev"> <i class="slide-prev fa fa-chevron-left"></i> </a> <a class="arrow-right" href="#latest-carousel" role="button" data-slide="next"> <i class="slide-next fa fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="container container-1200 text-uppercase text-xs-center view-all"> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest/news-releases/">View All</a> </div> </div> <form name="txt_download_form" id="txt_download_form" target="_blank" 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Universal Jurisdiction Annual Review: Highlights in 2023 - TRIAL International