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id="toc-Code_pages_with_Latin-1_character_sets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Code_pages_with_Latin-1_character_sets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Code pages with Latin-1 character sets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Code_pages_with_Latin-1_character_sets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism_and_humor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism_and_humor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Criticism and humor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism_and_humor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">EBCDIC</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="كود التبادل الموسع للترميز العشري الثنائي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كود التبادل الموسع للترميز العشري الثنائي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A1" title="ইবিসিডিআইসি কোড – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইবিসিডিআইসি কোড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="EBCDIC" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="EBCDIC" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="EBCDIC" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="EBCDIC" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Binary_Coded_Decimal_Interchange_Code" title="Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="EBCDIC" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="EBCDIC" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Binary_Coded_Decimal_Interchange_Code" title="Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="EBCDIC" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%95%EC%9E%A5_%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94_%EC%8B%AD%EC%A7%84%EB%B2%95_%EA%B5%90%ED%99%98_%EB%B6%80%ED%98%B8" title="확장 이진화 십진법 교환 부호 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="확장 이진화 십진법 교환 부호" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="EBCDIC" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="EBCDIC" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="EBCDIC" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="EBCDIC" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="EBCDIC" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="EBCDIC" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="EBCDIC" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="EBCDIC" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="EBCDIC" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Binary_Coded_Decimal_Interchange_Code" title="Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="EBCDIC" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="EBCDIC" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBCDI" title="EBCDI – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="EBCDI" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="EBCDIC" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="EBCDIC" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="เอบซีดิก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอบซีดิก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="EBCDIC" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="EBCDIC" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%88%DA%A9" title="ایبسیڈک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایبسیڈک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="EBCDIC" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="EBCDIC" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22EBCDIC%22">"EBCDIC"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22EBCDIC%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22EBCDIC%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22EBCDIC%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22EBCDIC%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22EBCDIC%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">EBCDIC encoding family</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Classification</th><td class="infobox-data">8-bit <a href="/wiki/ISO_Basic_Latin_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO Basic Latin alphabet">basic Latin</a> encodings (non‑ASCII)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/BCD_(character_encoding)" title="BCD (character encoding)">BCD</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_character_encoding" title="Template:Infobox character encoding"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_character_encoding" title="Template talk:Infobox character encoding"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox_character_encoding" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox character encoding"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code</b><sup id="cite_ref-Mackenzie_1980_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackenzie_1980-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<b>EBCDIC</b>;<sup id="cite_ref-Mackenzie_1980_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackenzie_1980-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is an eight-<a href="/wiki/Bit" title="Bit">bit</a> <a href="/wiki/Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">character encoding</a> used mainly on <a href="/wiki/IBM_mainframe" title="IBM mainframe">IBM mainframe</a> and <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> <a href="/wiki/Midrange_computer" title="Midrange computer">midrange computer</a> operating systems. It descended from the code used with <a href="/wiki/Punched_card" title="Punched card">punched cards</a> and the corresponding <a href="/wiki/Six-bit_binary-coded_decimal" class="mw-redirect" title="Six-bit binary-coded decimal">six-bit binary-coded decimal</a> code used with most of IBM's <a href="/wiki/Computer_peripheral" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer peripheral">computer peripherals</a> of the late 1950s and early 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-Bemer_P-Bit_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bemer_P-Bit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is supported by various non-IBM platforms, such as <a href="/wiki/Fujitsu-Siemens" class="mw-redirect" title="Fujitsu-Siemens">Fujitsu-Siemens</a>' <a href="/wiki/BS2000" title="BS2000">BS2000/OSD</a>, OS-IV, MSP, and MSP-EX, the <a href="/wiki/SDS_Sigma_series" title="SDS Sigma series">SDS Sigma series</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unisys" title="Unisys">Unisys</a> <a href="/wiki/VS/9" title="VS/9">VS/9</a>, Unisys <a href="/wiki/MCP_(Burroughs_Large_Systems)" class="mw-redirect" title="MCP (Burroughs Large Systems)">MCP</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Computers_Limited" title="International Computers Limited">ICL</a> <a href="/wiki/ICL_VME" title="ICL VME">VME</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EBCDIC&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blue-punch-card-front-horiz_top-char-contrast-stretched.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Blue-punch-card-front-horiz_top-char-contrast-stretched.png/420px-Blue-punch-card-front-horiz_top-char-contrast-stretched.png" decoding="async" width="420" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Blue-punch-card-front-horiz_top-char-contrast-stretched.png/630px-Blue-punch-card-front-horiz_top-char-contrast-stretched.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Blue-punch-card-front-horiz_top-char-contrast-stretched.png/840px-Blue-punch-card-front-horiz_top-char-contrast-stretched.png 2x" data-file-width="2232" data-file-height="1004" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Punched_card" title="Punched card">Punched card</a> with the Hollerith encoding of the 1964 EBCDIC character set. Contrast at the top is enhanced to show the printed characters. The "number" punches (0–9) directly translate to the lower 4 bits of EBCDIC, though the upper 4 bits of EBCDIC are more complex.</figcaption></figure> <p>EBCDIC was devised in 1963 and 1964 by <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> and was announced with the release of the <a href="/wiki/IBM_System/360" title="IBM System/360">IBM System/360</a> line of mainframe <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computers</a>. It is an eight-bit character encoding, developed separately from the seven-bit <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> encoding scheme. It was created to extend the existing <a href="/wiki/Binary-coded_decimal#IBM" title="Binary-coded decimal">Binary-Coded Decimal</a> (BCD) Interchange Code, or <a href="/wiki/BCDIC" class="mw-redirect" title="BCDIC">BCDIC</a>, which itself was devised as an efficient means of encoding the two <i>zone</i> and <i>number</i> punches on <a href="/wiki/Punched_cards" class="mw-redirect" title="Punched cards">punched cards</a> into six bits. The distinct encoding of 's' and 'S' (using position 2 instead of 1) was maintained from punched cards where it was desirable not to have hole punches too close to each other to ensure the integrity of the physical card.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (January 2023)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>While IBM was a chief proponent of the ASCII standardization committee,<sup id="cite_ref-SR-IX_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SR-IX-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the company did not have time to prepare ASCII peripherals (such as card punch machines) to ship with its System/360 computers, so the company settled on EBCDIC.<sup id="cite_ref-Bemer_P-Bit_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bemer_P-Bit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The System/360 became wildly successful, together with clones such as <a href="/wiki/RCA_Spectra_70" title="RCA Spectra 70">RCA Spectra 70</a>, <a href="/wiki/ICL_System_4" class="mw-redirect" title="ICL System 4">ICL System 4</a>, and Fujitsu FACOM, thus so did EBCDIC. </p><p>All IBM's mainframe <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a>, and its <a href="/wiki/IBM_i" title="IBM i">IBM i</a> operating system for <a href="/wiki/Midrange_computer" title="Midrange computer">midrange computers</a>, use EBCDIC as their inherent encoding<sup id="cite_ref-ibmebcdic_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibmebcdic-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (with toleration for ASCII, for example, <a href="/wiki/ISPF" title="ISPF">ISPF</a> in <a href="/wiki/Z/OS" title="Z/OS">z/OS</a> can browse and edit both EBCDIC and ASCII encoded files). Software can translate to and from encodings, and modern mainframes (such as <a href="/wiki/IBM_Z" title="IBM Z">IBM Z</a>) include processor instructions, at the hardware level, to accelerate translation between character sets. </p><p>Not all operating systems running on IBM hardware use EBCDIC; <a href="/wiki/IBM_AIX" title="IBM AIX">IBM AIX</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linux_on_IBM_Z" title="Linux on IBM Z">Linux on IBM Z</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Linux_on_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux on Power">Linux on Power</a> all use ASCII, as do all operating systems that run on the <a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer" title="IBM Personal Computer">IBM Personal Computer</a> and its successors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Compatibility_with_ASCII">Compatibility with ASCII</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EBCDIC&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Compatibility with ASCII"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/EBCDIC" title="Special:EditPage/EBCDIC">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>There were numerous difficulties to writing software that would work in both ASCII and EBCDIC. </p> <ul><li>The gaps between letters made simple code that worked in ASCII fail on EBCDIC. For example <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'A'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'Z'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">++</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">putchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">);</span></code> would print the alphabet from A to Z if ASCII is used, but print 41 characters (including a number of unassigned ones) in EBCDIC.</li> <li>Sorting EBCDIC put lowercase letters before uppercase letters and letters before numbers, exactly the opposite of ASCII.</li> <li>Most programming languages and file formats and network protocols designed for ASCII used available punctuation marks (such as the curly braces <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">{</span> and <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">}</span>) that did not exist in EBCDIC, making translation to EBCDIC systems difficult. Workarounds such as <a href="/wiki/Digraphs_and_trigraphs_(programming)" title="Digraphs and trigraphs (programming)">trigraphs</a> were used.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conversely EBCDIC had a few characters such as <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">¢</span> (<a href="/wiki/Penny_(United_States_coin)" title="Penny (United States coin)">US cent</a>) that were used on IBM systems and could not be translated to ASCII.</li> <li>The most common newline convention used with EBCDIC is to use a <a href="/wiki/Newline" title="Newline">NEL</a> (NEXT LINE) code between lines. Converters to other encodings often replace NEL with <a href="/wiki/Line_feed" class="mw-redirect" title="Line feed">LF</a> or <a href="/wiki/CR/LF" class="mw-redirect" title="CR/LF">CR/LF</a>, even if there is a NEL in the target encoding. This causes the LF and NEL to translate to the same character and be unable to be distinguished.</li> <li>If seven-bit ASCII was used, there was an "unused" high bit in 8-bit bytes, and many pieces of software stored other information there. Software would also pack the seven bits and discard the eighth, such as packing five seven-bit ASCII characters in a <a href="/wiki/36-bit" class="mw-redirect" title="36-bit">36-bit</a> word.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the <a href="/wiki/PDP-11" title="PDP-11">PDP-11</a>, bytes with the high bit set were treated as negative numbers, behavior that was copied to <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>, causing unexpected problems if the high bit was set. These all made it difficult to switch from ASCII to the 8-bit EBCDIC (and also made it difficult to switch to 8-bit <a href="/wiki/Extended_ASCII" title="Extended ASCII">extended ASCII</a> encodings).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Code_page_layout">Code page layout</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EBCDIC&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Code page layout"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Code_page#EBCDIC-based_code_pages" title="Code page">EBCDIC code pages</a></div> <p>There are hundreds of EBCDIC code pages based on the original EBCDIC character encoding; there are a variety of EBCDIC <a href="/wiki/Code_page" title="Code page">code pages</a> intended for use in different parts of the world, including code pages for non-Latin scripts such as Chinese, Japanese (e.g., EBCDIC 930, JEF, and KEIS), Korean, and Greek (EBCDIC 875). There is also a huge number of variations with the letters swapped around for no discernible reason.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The table below shows the "invariant subset"<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of EBCDIC, which are characters that <i>should</i> have the same assignments on all EBCDIC code pages that use the Latin alphabet. (This includes most of the <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">ISO/IEC 646</a> invariant repertoire, except the <a href="/wiki/Exclamation_mark" title="Exclamation mark">exclamation mark</a>.) It also shows (in gray) missing ASCII and EBCDIC punctuation, located where they are in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Code_Page_37&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Code Page 37 (page does not exist)">Code Page 37</a> (one of the code page variants of EBCDIC). The blank cells are filled with region-specific characters in the variants, but the characters in gray are often swapped around or replaced as well. Like ASCII, the invariant subset works only for languages using the <a href="/wiki/ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet" title="ISO basic Latin alphabet">ISO basic Latin alphabet</a>, such as English (excluding loanwords and some uncommon orthographic variations) and Dutch (if the "ĳ" and "Ĳ" ligatures are written as two characters). </p> <table class="wikitable nounderlines nowrap" border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF;font-size:large"> <caption style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:80%;line-height:1.5">EBCDIC </caption> <tbody><tr style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small"> <td> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0 </td> <td style="width:20pt">1 </td> <td style="width:20pt">2 </td> <td style="width:20pt">3 </td> <td style="width:20pt">4 </td> <td style="width:20pt">5 </td> <td style="width:20pt">6 </td> <td style="width:20pt">7 </td> <td style="width:20pt">8 </td> <td style="width:20pt">9 </td> <td style="width:20pt">A </td> <td style="width:20pt">B </td> <td style="width:20pt">C </td> <td style="width:20pt">D </td> <td style="width:20pt">E </td> <td style="width:20pt">F </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">0x </td> <td title="U+0000 NULL" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r936282034">.mw-parser-output .control-code-link-internal{border-bottom:1px dashed #86a1ff}.mw-parser-output .control-code-link-internal a{color:inherit}</style><a href="/wiki/Null_character" title="Null character">NUL</a></span> </td> <td title="U+0001 START OF HEADING" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#SOH" title="C0 and C1 control codes">SOH</a></span> </td> <td title="U+0002 START OF TEXT" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#STX" title="C0 and C1 control codes">STX</a></span> </td> <td title="U+0003 END OF TEXT" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/End-of-text_character" class="mw-redirect" title="End-of-text character">ETX</a></span> </td> <td title="" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#SEL">SEL</a></span> </td> <td title="U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/Horizontal_Tab" class="mw-redirect" title="Horizontal Tab">HT</a> </span> </td> <td title="" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#RNL">RNL</a></span> </td> <td title="U+007F DELETE" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/Delete_character" title="Delete character">DEL</a></span> </td> <td title="" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#GE">GE</a> </span> </td> <td title="" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#SPS">SPS</a></span> </td> <td title="" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#RPT">RPT</a></span> </td> <td title="U+000B LINE TABULATION" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/Vertical_Tab" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertical Tab">VT</a> </span> </td> <td title="U+000C FORM FEED (FF)" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/Form_feed" class="mw-redirect" title="Form feed">FF</a> </span> </td> <td title="U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/Carriage_return" title="Carriage return">CR</a> </span> </td> <td title="U+000E SHIFT OUT" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/Shift_Out" class="mw-redirect" title="Shift Out">SO</a> </span> </td> <td title="U+000F SHIFT IN" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/Shift_In" class="mw-redirect" title="Shift In">SI</a>  </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">1x </td> <td title="U+0010 DATA LINK ESCAPE" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#DLE" title="C0 and C1 control codes">DLE</a></span> </td> <td title="U+0011 DEVICE CONTROL ONE" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#DC1" title="C0 and C1 control codes">DC1</a></span> </td> <td title="U+0012 DEVICE CONTROL TWO" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#DC2" title="C0 and C1 control codes">DC2</a></span> </td> <td title="U+0013 DEVICE CONTROL THREE" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#DC3" title="C0 and C1 control codes">DC3</a></span> </td> <td title="" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;line-height:1"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#RES/ENP">RES/<br />ENP</a></span> </td> <td title="U+0085 NEXT LINE (NEL)" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#NL">NL</a>  </span> </td> <td title="U+0008 BACKSPACE" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#BS" title="C0 and C1 control codes">BS</a> </span> </td> <td title="" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#POC">POC</a></span> </td> <td title="U+0018 CANCEL" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/Cancel_character" title="Cancel character">CAN</a></span> </td> <td title="U+0019 END OF MEDIUM" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#EM" title="C0 and C1 control codes">EM</a> </span> </td> <td title="" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#UBS">UBS</a></span> </td> <td title="" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#CU1">CU1</a></span> </td> <td title="U+001C INFORMATION SEPARATOR FOUR" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/File_Separator" class="mw-redirect" title="File Separator">IFS</a></span> </td> <td title="U+001D INFORMATION SEPARATOR THREE" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/Group_Separator" class="mw-redirect" title="Group Separator">IGS</a></span> </td> <td title="U+001E INFORMATION SEPARATOR TWO" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/Record_Separator" class="mw-redirect" title="Record Separator">IRS</a></span> </td> <td title="U+001F INFORMATION SEPARATOR ONE" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;line-height:1"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/Unit_Separator" class="mw-redirect" title="Unit Separator">IUS</a>/<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#IUS/ITB">ITB</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">2x </td> <td title="" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#DS">DS</a> </span> </td> <td title="" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#SOS">SOS</a></span> </td> <td title="" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#FS">FS</a> </span> </td> <td title="" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#WUS">WUS</a></span> </td> <td title="" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;line-height:1"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#BYP/INP">BYP/<br />INP</a></span> </td> <td title="U+000A LINE FEED (LF)" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/Line_feed" class="mw-redirect" title="Line feed">LF</a> </span> </td> <td title="U+0017 END OF TRANSMISSION BLOCK" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/End_Transmission_Block_character" class="mw-redirect" title="End Transmission Block character">ETB</a></span> </td> <td title="U+001B ESCAPE" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#ESC" title="C0 and C1 control codes">ESC</a></span> </td> <td title="" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#SSA" title="C0 and C1 control codes">SA</a> </span> </td> <td title="" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#SFE">SFE</a></span> </td> <td title="" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;line-height:1"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#SM/SW"> SM/<br />SW</a></span> </td> <td title="" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#CSP">CSP</a></span> </td> <td title="" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#MFA">MFA</a></span> </td> <td title="U+0005 ENQUIRY" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/Enquiry_character" title="Enquiry character">ENQ</a></span> </td> <td title="U+0006 ACKNOWLEDGE" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/Acknowledge_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Acknowledge character">ACK</a></span> </td> <td title="U+0007 BELL" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/Bell_character" title="Bell character">BEL</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">3x </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="U+0016 SYNCHRONOUS IDLE" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/Synchronous_idle" class="mw-redirect" title="Synchronous idle">SYN</a></span> </td> <td title="" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#IR">IR</a> </span> </td> <td title="" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#PP">PP</a> </span> </td> <td title="" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#TRN">TRN</a></span> </td> <td title="" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#NBS">NBS</a></span> </td> <td title="U+0004 END OF TRANSMISSION" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/End-of-transmission_character" class="mw-redirect" title="End-of-transmission character">EOT</a></span> </td> <td title="" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#SBS">SBS</a></span> </td> <td title="" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#IT">IT</a> </span> </td> <td title="" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#RFF">RFF</a></span> </td> <td title="" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#CU3">CU3</a></span> </td> <td title="U+0014 DEVICE CONTROL FOUR" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#DC4" title="C0 and C1 control codes">DC4</a></span> </td> <td title="U+0015 NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/Negative-acknowledge_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Negative-acknowledge character">NAK</a></span> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="U+001A SUBSTITUTE" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/Substitute_character" title="Substitute character">SUB</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">4x </td> <td title="U+0020 SPACE" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"> <a href="/wiki/Space_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Space character">SP</a> </span> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="U+00A2 CENT SIGN" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"><a href="/wiki/%C2%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="¢">¢</a> </td> <td title="U+002E FULL STOP" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Full_stop" title="Full stop">.</a> </td> <td title="U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Less-than_sign" title="Less-than sign"><</a> </td> <td title="U+0028 LEFT PARENTHESIS" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Parenthesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Parenthesis">(</a> </td> <td title="U+002B PLUS SIGN" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="+">+</a> </td> <td title="U+007C VERTICAL LINE" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"><a href="/wiki/Vertical_bar" title="Vertical bar">|</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">5x </td> <td title="U+0026 AMPERSAND" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Ampersand" title="Ampersand">&</a> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="U+0021 EXCLAMATION MARK" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"><a href="/wiki/!" class="mw-redirect" title="!">!</a> </td> <td title="U+0024 DOLLAR SIGN" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"><a href="/wiki/$" class="mw-redirect" title="$">$</a> </td> <td title="U+002A ASTERISK" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Asterisk" title="Asterisk">*</a> </td> <td title="U+0029 RIGHT PARENTHESIS" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Parenthesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Parenthesis">)</a> </td> <td title="U+003B SEMICOLON" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/;" class="mw-redirect" title=";">;</a> </td> <td title="U+00AC NOT SIGN" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"><a href="/wiki/%C2%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="¬">¬</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">6x </td> <td title="U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Hyphen-minus" title="Hyphen-minus">-</a> </td> <td title="U+002F SOLIDUS" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki//" class="mw-redirect" title="/">/</a> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="U+00A6 BROKEN BAR" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"><a href="/wiki/%C2%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="¦">¦</a> </td> <td title="U+002C COMMA" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/," class="mw-redirect" title=",">,</a> </td> <td title="U+0025 PERCENT SIGN" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%25" class="mw-redirect" title="%">%</a> </td> <td title="U+005F LOW LINE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Underscore" title="Underscore">_</a> </td> <td title="U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Greater-than_sign" title="Greater-than sign">></a> </td> <td title="U+003F QUESTION MARK" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%3F" class="mw-redirect" title="?">?</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">7x </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="U+0060 GRAVE ACCENT" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"><a href="/wiki/%60" class="mw-redirect" title="`">`</a> </td> <td title="U+003A COLON" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Colon_(punctuation)" title="Colon (punctuation)">:</a> </td> <td title="U+0023 NUMBER SIGN" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"><a href="/wiki/Number_sign" title="Number sign">#</a> </td> <td title="U+0040 COMMERCIAL AT" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"><a href="/wiki/@" class="mw-redirect" title="@">@</a> </td> <td title="U+0027 APOSTROPHE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Apostrophe" title="Apostrophe">'</a> </td> <td title="U+003D EQUALS SIGN" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Equals_sign" title="Equals sign">=</a> </td> <td title="U+0022 QUOTATION MARK" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%22" class="mw-redirect" title=""">"</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">8x </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="U+0061 LATIN SMALL LETTER A" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">a</a> </td> <td title="U+0062 LATIN SMALL LETTER B" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">b</a> </td> <td title="U+0063 LATIN SMALL LETTER C" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">c</a> </td> <td title="U+0064 LATIN SMALL LETTER D" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">d</a> </td> <td title="U+0065 LATIN SMALL LETTER E" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">e</a> </td> <td title="U+0066 LATIN SMALL LETTER F" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">f</a> </td> <td title="U+0067 LATIN SMALL LETTER G" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">g</a> </td> <td title="U+0068 LATIN SMALL LETTER H" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">h</a> </td> <td title="U+0069 LATIN SMALL LETTER I" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">i</a> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="U+00B1 PLUS-MINUS SIGN" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"><a href="/wiki/%C2%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="±">±</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">9x </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="U+006A LATIN SMALL LETTER J" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">j</a> </td> <td title="U+006B LATIN SMALL LETTER K" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">k</a> </td> <td title="U+006C LATIN SMALL LETTER L" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">l</a> </td> <td title="U+006D LATIN SMALL LETTER M" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">m</a> </td> <td title="U+006E LATIN SMALL LETTER N" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">n</a> </td> <td title="U+006F LATIN SMALL LETTER O" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">o</a> </td> <td title="U+0070 LATIN SMALL LETTER P" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">p</a> </td> <td title="U+0071 LATIN SMALL LETTER Q" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">q</a> </td> <td title="U+0072 LATIN SMALL LETTER R" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">r</a> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">Ax </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="U+007E TILDE" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"><a href="/wiki/~" class="mw-redirect" title="~">~</a> </td> <td title="U+0073 LATIN SMALL LETTER S" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">s</a> </td> <td title="U+0074 LATIN SMALL LETTER T" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">t</a> </td> <td title="U+0075 LATIN SMALL LETTER U" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">u</a> </td> <td title="U+0076 LATIN SMALL LETTER V" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">v</a> </td> <td title="U+0077 LATIN SMALL LETTER W" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">w</a> </td> <td title="U+0078 LATIN SMALL LETTER X" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">x</a> </td> <td title="U+0079 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">y</a> </td> <td title="U+007A LATIN SMALL LETTER Z" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">z</a> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">Bx </td> <td title="U+005E CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"><a href="/wiki/%5E" class="mw-redirect" title="^">^</a> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="U+005B LEFT SQUARE BRACKET" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"><a href="/wiki/Square_brackets" class="mw-redirect" title="Square brackets">[</a> </td> <td title="U+005D RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"><a href="/wiki/Square_brackets" class="mw-redirect" title="Square brackets">]</a> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">Cx </td> <td title="U+007B LEFT CURLY BRACKET" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"><a href="/wiki/Brace_(punctuation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brace (punctuation)">{</a> </td> <td title="U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">A</a> </td> <td title="U+0042 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">B</a> </td> <td title="U+0043 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">C</a> </td> <td title="U+0044 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">D</a> </td> <td title="U+0045 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">E</a> </td> <td title="U+0046 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">F</a> </td> <td title="U+0047 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">G</a> </td> <td title="U+0048 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">H</a> </td> <td title="U+0049 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">I</a> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">Dx </td> <td title="U+007D RIGHT CURLY BRACKET" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"><a href="/wiki/Brace_(punctuation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brace (punctuation)">}</a> </td> <td title="U+004A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">J</a> </td> <td title="U+004B LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">K</a> </td> <td title="U+004C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">L</a> </td> <td title="U+004D LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">M</a> </td> <td title="U+004E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">N</a> </td> <td title="U+004F LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">O</a> </td> <td title="U+0050 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">P</a> </td> <td title="U+0051 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Q</a> </td> <td title="U+0052 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">R</a> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">Ex </td> <td title="U+005C REVERSE SOLIDUS" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"><a href="/wiki/%5C" class="mw-redirect" title="\">\</a> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="U+0053 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">S</a> </td> <td title="U+0054 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">T</a> </td> <td title="U+0055 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">U</a> </td> <td title="U+0056 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">V</a> </td> <td title="U+0057 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">W</a> </td> <td title="U+0058 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">X</a> </td> <td title="U+0059 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Y</a> </td> <td title="U+005A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Z</a> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">Fx </td> <td title="U+0030 DIGIT ZERO" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/0" title="0">0</a> </td> <td title="U+0031 DIGIT ONE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/1" title="1">1</a> </td> <td title="U+0032 DIGIT TWO" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/2" title="2">2</a> </td> <td title="U+0033 DIGIT THREE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/3" title="3">3</a> </td> <td title="U+0034 DIGIT FOUR" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/4" title="4">4</a> </td> <td title="U+0035 DIGIT FIVE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/5" title="5">5</a> </td> <td title="U+0036 DIGIT SIX" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/6" title="6">6</a> </td> <td title="U+0037 DIGIT SEVEN" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/7" title="7">7</a> </td> <td title="U+0038 DIGIT EIGHT" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/8" title="8">8</a> </td> <td title="U+0039 DIGIT NINE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/9" title="9">9</a> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/Eight_Ones" title="Eight Ones">EO</a> </span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definitions_of_non-ASCII_EBCDIC_controls">Definitions of non-ASCII EBCDIC controls</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EBCDIC&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Definitions of non-ASCII EBCDIC controls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following are the definitions of EBCDIC control characters which either do not map onto the <a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#C0_controls" title="C0 and C1 control codes">ASCII control characters</a>, or have additional uses. When mapped to Unicode, these are mostly mapped to C1 control character codepoints in a manner specified by IBM's Character Data Representation Architecture (CDRA).<sup id="cite_ref-utr16cdra_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-utr16cdra-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ms037_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms037-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the default mapping of New Line (NL) corresponds to the ISO/IEC 6429 Next Line (NEL) character (the behaviour of which is also specified, but not required, in Unicode Annex 14),<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> most of these C1-mapped controls match neither those in the <a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#C1_control_codes_for_general_use" title="C0 and C1 control codes">ISO/IEC 6429 C1 set</a>, nor those in other registered C1 control sets such as <a href="/wiki/ISO_6630" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 6630">ISO 6630</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although this effectively makes the non-ASCII EBCDIC controls a unique C1 control set, they are not among the C1 control sets registered in the <a href="/wiki/ISO-IR" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-IR">ISO-IR</a> registry,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meaning that they do not have an assigned control set designation sequence (as specified by <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">ISO/IEC 2022</a>, and optionally permitted in <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10646" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 10646">ISO/IEC 10646</a> (Unicode)).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Besides U+0085 (Next Line), the Unicode Standard does not prescribe an interpretation of C1 control characters, leaving their interpretation to higher level protocols (it suggests, but does not require, their ISO/IEC 6429 interpretations in the absence of use for other purposes),<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so this mapping is permissible in, but not specified by, Unicode. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Mnemonic</th> <th>EBCDIC</th> <th>CDRA pairing<sup id="cite_ref-utr16cdra_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-utr16cdra-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ms037_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms037-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th class="unsortable">Name</th> <th class="unsortable">Description<sup id="cite_ref-IBM_G-1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBM_G-1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr id="SEL"> <td>SEL</td> <td data-sort-value="4" rowspan="2">04</td> <td data-sort-value="156" rowspan="2">009C</td> <td>Select</td> <td>Device control character taking a single-byte parameter. </td></tr> <tr id="PF"> <td>PF</td> <td>Punch Off</td> <td>Listed in this location by <a href="/wiki/DKOI" title="DKOI">GOST 19768-93</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gost19768_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gost19768-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr id="RNL"> <td>RNL</td> <td data-sort-value="6" rowspan="2">06</td> <td data-sort-value="134" rowspan="2">0086</td> <td>Required New Line</td> <td>Line-break resetting <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#IT">Indent Tab</a></span> mode </td></tr> <tr id="LC"> <td>LC</td> <td>Lower Case</td> <td>Listed in this location by <a href="/wiki/DKOI" title="DKOI">GOST 19768-93</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gost19768_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gost19768-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr id="GE"> <td>GE</td> <td data-sort-value="8">08</td> <td data-sort-value="151">0097</td> <td>Graphic Escape</td> <td>Non-locking shift that changes the interpretation of the following character (see e.g. <a href="/wiki/Code_page_310" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 310">Code page 310</a>). Compare ISO/IEC 6429's <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022#Shift_functions" title="ISO/IEC 2022">SS2</a> (008E). </td></tr> <tr id="SPS"> <td>SPS</td> <td data-sort-value="9">09</td> <td data-sort-value="141">008D</td> <td>Superscript</td> <td>Begin superscript or undo subscript. Compare ISO/IEC 6429's <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#PLU" title="C0 and C1 control codes">PLU</a> (008C). </td></tr> <tr id="RPT"> <td>RPT</td> <td data-sort-value="10" rowspan="2">0A</td> <td data-sort-value="142" rowspan="2">008E</td> <td>Repeat</td> <td>Switch to an operation mode repeating a print buffer </td></tr> <tr id="SMM"> <td>SMM</td> <td>Start of Manual Message</td> <td>Listed in this location by <a href="/wiki/DKOI" title="DKOI">GOST 19768-93</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gost19768_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gost19768-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr id="RES/ENP"> <td>RES/ENP</td> <td data-sort-value="20">14</td> <td data-sort-value="157">009D</td> <td>Restore, Enable Presentation</td> <td>Resume output (after <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#BYP/INP">BYP/INP</a></span>) </td></tr> <tr id="NL"> <td>NL</td> <td data-sort-value="21">15</td> <td data-sort-value="133">0085 (000A)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Newline" title="Newline">New Line</a></td> <td>Line break. Default mapping (0085) matches ISO/IEC 6429's <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#NEL" title="C0 and C1 control codes">NEL</a>. Mappings sometimes swapped with Line Feed (EBCDIC 0x25) in accordance with UNIX line breaking convention.<sup id="cite_ref-utr16cdra_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-utr16cdra-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr id="POC"> <td>POC</td> <td data-sort-value="23" rowspan="2">17</td> <td data-sort-value="135" rowspan="2">0087</td> <td>Program Operator Communication</td> <td>Followed by two one-byte operators that identify the specific function, for example a light or function key. Contrast with ISO/IEC 6429's <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_sequence#CSI" class="mw-redirect" title="ANSI escape sequence">CSI</a> (009B), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#OSC" title="C0 and C1 control codes">OSC</a> (009D) and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#APC" title="C0 and C1 control codes">APC</a> (009F). </td></tr> <tr id="IL"> <td>IL</td> <td>Idle</td> <td>Listed in this location by <a href="/wiki/DKOI" title="DKOI">GOST 19768-93</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gost19768_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gost19768-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr id="UBS"> <td>UBS</td> <td data-sort-value="26" rowspan="2">1A</td> <td data-sort-value="146" rowspan="2">0092</td> <td>Unit Backspace</td> <td>A fractional backspace. </td></tr> <tr id="CC"> <td>CC</td> <td>Cursor Control</td> <td>Listed in this location by <a href="/wiki/DKOI" title="DKOI">GOST 19768-93</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gost19768_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gost19768-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr id="CU1"> <td>CU1</td> <td data-sort-value="27">1B</td> <td data-sort-value="143">008F</td> <td>Customer Use One</td> <td>Not used by IBM; for customer use. </td></tr> <tr id="IUS/ITB"> <td>IUS/ITB</td> <td data-sort-value="31">1F</td> <td data-sort-value="31">001F</td> <td>Interchange Unit Separator, Intermediate Transmission Block</td> <td>Either used as an information separator to terminate a block called a "unit" (as <a href="/wiki/Unit_Separator" class="mw-redirect" title="Unit Separator">in ASCII</a>; see also <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#IR">IR</a></span>), or used as a transmission control code to delimit the end of an intermediate block. </td></tr> <tr id="DS"> <td>DS</td> <td data-sort-value="32">20</td> <td data-sort-value="128">0080</td> <td>Digit Select</td> <td>Used by S/360 CPU edit (ED) instruction </td></tr> <tr id="SOS"> <td>SOS</td> <td data-sort-value="33">21</td> <td data-sort-value="129">0081</td> <td>Start of Significance</td> <td>Used by S/360 CPU edit (ED) instruction. (Note: different from ISO/IEC 6429's <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#SOS" title="C0 and C1 control codes">SOS</a>; where distinguishing them is necessary, IBM abbreviates Start of Significance as <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">SOS.</code> (with a dot) and Start of String as <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">SOS</code>, otherwise they are abbreviated the same.)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr id="FS"> <td>FS,<sup id="cite_ref-IBM_G-1_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBM_G-1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> FDS<sup id="cite_ref-gost19768_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gost19768-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td data-sort-value="34">22</td> <td data-sort-value="130">0082</td> <td>Field Separator</td> <td>Used by S/360 CPU edit (ED) instruction. (Note: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/File_Separator" class="mw-redirect" title="File Separator">(Interchange) File Separator</a>, as abbreviated FS in ASCII, is at 0x1C and abbreviated IFS.)<sup id="cite_ref-IBM_G-1_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBM_G-1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr id="WUS"> <td>WUS</td> <td data-sort-value="35">23</td> <td data-sort-value="131">0083</td> <td>Word Underscore</td> <td>Underscores the immediately preceding word. Contrast with ISO/IEC 6429's <a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_code#SGR_parameters" title="ANSI escape code">SGR</a>. </td></tr> <tr id="BYP/INP"> <td>BYP/INP</td> <td data-sort-value="36">24</td> <td data-sort-value="132">0084</td> <td>Bypass, Inhibit Presentation</td> <td>De-activates output, i.e. ignores all graphical characters and control characters besides transmission control codes and RES/ENP, until the next <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#RES/ENP">RES/ENP</a></span>. </td></tr> <tr id="SA"> <td>SA</td> <td data-sort-value="40">28</td> <td data-sort-value="136">0088</td> <td>Set Attribute</td> <td>Marks the beginning of a fixed-length device specific control sequence. Deprecated in favour of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#CSP">CSP</a></span>. </td></tr> <tr id="SFE"> <td>SFE</td> <td data-sort-value="41">29</td> <td data-sort-value="137">0089</td> <td>Start Field Extended</td> <td>Marks the beginning of a variable-length device specific control sequence. Deprecated in favour of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#CSP">CSP</a></span>. </td></tr> <tr id="SM/SW"> <td>SM/SW</td> <td data-sort-value="42">2A</td> <td data-sort-value="138">008A</td> <td>Set Mode, Switch</td> <td>Device specific control that sets a mode of operation, such as a buffer switch. </td></tr> <tr id="CU2"> <td>CU2</td> <td data-sort-value="43" rowspan="2">2B</td> <td data-sort-value="139" rowspan="2">008B</td> <td>Customer Use Two</td> <td>This appears in some specifications, such as <a href="/wiki/DKOI" title="DKOI">GOST 19768-93</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-gost19768_18-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gost19768-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> newer IBM specifications for EBCDIC control codes list only CU1 and CU3 as customer-use, and use this position for <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#CSP">CSP</a></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-IBM_G-1_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBM_G-1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr id="CSP"> <td>CSP</td> <td>Control Sequence Prefix</td> <td>Marks the beginning of a variable-length device specific control sequence. Followed by a class byte specifying a category of control function, a count byte giving the sequence length (including count and type bytes, but not the class byte or initial CSP), a type byte identifying a control function within that category, and zero or more parameter bytes. Contrast with ISO/IEC 6429's <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#DCS" title="C0 and C1 control codes">DCS</a> (0090) and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_sequence#CSI" class="mw-redirect" title="ANSI escape sequence">CSI</a> (009B). </td></tr> <tr id="MFA"> <td>MFA</td> <td data-sort-value="44">2C</td> <td data-sort-value="140">008C</td> <td>Modify Field Attribute</td> <td>Marks the beginning of a variable-length device specific control sequence. Deprecated in favour of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#CSP">CSP</a></span>. </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td data-sort-value="48">30</td> <td data-sort-value="144">0090</td> <td><i>(reserved)</i></td> <td>Reserved for future use by IBM </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td data-sort-value="49">31</td> <td data-sort-value="145">0091</td> <td><i>(reserved)</i></td> <td>Reserved for future use by IBM </td></tr> <tr id="IR"> <td>IR</td> <td data-sort-value="51">33</td> <td data-sort-value="147">0093</td> <td>Index Return</td> <td>Either move to start of next line (see also <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#NL">NL</a></span>), or terminate an information unit (see also <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#IUS/ITB">IUS/ITB</a></span>). </td></tr> <tr id="PP"> <td>PP</td> <td data-sort-value="52" rowspan="2">34</td> <td data-sort-value="148" rowspan="2">0094</td> <td>Presentation Position</td> <td>Followed by two one-byte parameters (firstly function, secondly number of either column or line) to set the current position. Contrast with ISO/IEC 6429's <a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_code#Terminal_output_sequences" title="ANSI escape code">CUP and HVP</a>. </td></tr> <tr id="PN"> <td>PN</td> <td>Punch On</td> <td>Listed in this location by <a href="/wiki/DKOI" title="DKOI">GOST 19768-93</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gost19768_18-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gost19768-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr id="TRN"> <td>TRN</td> <td data-sort-value="53" rowspan="2">35</td> <td data-sort-value="149" rowspan="2">0095</td> <td>Transparent</td> <td>Followed by one byte parameter that indicates the number of bytes of transparent data that follow. </td></tr> <tr id="RST"> <td>RST</td> <td>Reader Stop</td> <td>Listed in this location by <a href="/wiki/DKOI" title="DKOI">GOST 19768-93</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gost19768_18-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gost19768-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr id="NBS"> <td>NBS</td> <td data-sort-value="54" rowspan="2">36</td> <td data-sort-value="150" rowspan="2">0096</td> <td>Numeric Backspace</td> <td>Move backward the width of one digit. </td></tr> <tr id="UC"> <td>UC</td> <td>Upper Case</td> <td>Listed in this location by <a href="/wiki/DKOI" title="DKOI">GOST 19768-93</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gost19768_18-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gost19768-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr id="SBS"> <td>SBS</td> <td data-sort-value="56">38</td> <td data-sort-value="152">0098</td> <td>Subscript</td> <td>Begin subscript or undo superscript. Compare ISO/IEC 6429's <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#PLD" title="C0 and C1 control codes">PLD</a> (008B). </td></tr> <tr id="IT"> <td>IT</td> <td data-sort-value="57">39</td> <td data-sort-value="153">0099</td> <td>Indent Tab</td> <td>Indents the current and all following lines, until <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#RNL">RNL</a></span> or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#RFF">RFF</a></span> is encountered. </td></tr> <tr id="RFF"> <td>RFF</td> <td data-sort-value="58">3A</td> <td data-sort-value="154">009A</td> <td>Required Form Feed</td> <td>Page-break resetting <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#IT">Indent Tab</a></span> mode. </td></tr> <tr id="CU3"> <td>CU3</td> <td data-sort-value="59">3B</td> <td data-sort-value="155">009B</td> <td>Customer Use Three</td> <td>Not used by IBM; for customer use. </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td data-sort-value="62">3E</td> <td data-sort-value="158">009E</td> <td><i>(reserved)</i></td> <td>Reserved for future use by IBM </td></tr> <tr id="EO"> <td>EO</td> <td data-sort-value="255">FF</td> <td data-sort-value="159">009F</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eight_Ones" title="Eight Ones">Eight Ones</a></td> <td>All ones character used as filler </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Code_pages_with_Latin-1_character_sets"><span class="anchor" id="CECP"></span>Code pages with Latin-1 character sets</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EBCDIC&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Code pages with Latin-1 character sets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following code pages have the full <a href="/wiki/ISO_8859-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8859-1">Latin-1 character set</a> (ISO/IEC 8859-1). The first column gives the original code page number. The second column gives the number of the code page updated with the <a href="/wiki/Euro_sign" title="Euro sign">euro sign</a> (€) replacing the universal <a href="/wiki/Currency_sign_(generic)" title="Currency sign (generic)">currency sign</a> (¤) (or in the case of EBCDIC 924, with the set changed to match <a href="/wiki/ISO_8859-15" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8859-15">ISO 8859-15</a>) </p><p>Different countries have different code pages because these code pages originated as code pages with country-specific character repertoires, and were later expanded to contain the entire ISO 8859-1 repertoire, meaning that a given ISO 8859-1 character may have different <a href="/wiki/Code_point" title="Code point">code point</a> values in different code pages. They are known as <b>Country Extended Code Pages</b> (<b>CECP</b>s).<sup id="cite_ref-columbia_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-columbia-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/CCSID" title="CCSID">CCSID</a> </th> <th>Euro<br />update </th> <th>Countries </th></tr> <tr> <td>037</td> <td>1140</td> <td>Australia, Brazil, Canada, New Zealand, Portugal, South Africa, USA </td></tr> <tr> <td>273</td> <td>1141</td> <td>Austria, Germany </td></tr> <tr> <td>277</td> <td>1142</td> <td>Denmark, Norway </td></tr> <tr> <td>278</td> <td>1143</td> <td>Finland, Sweden </td></tr> <tr> <td>280</td> <td>1144</td> <td>Italy </td></tr> <tr> <td>284</td> <td>1145</td> <td>Latin America, Spain </td></tr> <tr> <td>285</td> <td>1146</td> <td>Ireland, United Kingdom </td></tr> <tr> <td>297</td> <td>1147</td> <td>France </td></tr> <tr> <td>500</td> <td>1148</td> <td>International </td></tr> <tr> <td>871</td> <td>1149</td> <td>Iceland </td></tr> <tr> <td>1047</td> <td>924</td> <td>Open Systems (<a href="/wiki/MVS" title="MVS">MVS</a> <a href="/wiki/C_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="C (language)">C</a> compiler) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism_and_humor">Criticism and humor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EBCDIC&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Criticism and humor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Self-contradictory plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Accuracy dispute"><img alt="Exclamation mark with arrows pointing at each other" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Ambox_contradict.svg/38px-Ambox_contradict.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Ambox_contradict.svg/57px-Ambox_contradict.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Ambox_contradict.svg/76px-Ambox_contradict.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>appears to contradict another section of this article</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please see the <a href="/wiki/Talk:EBCDIC" title="Talk:EBCDIC">talk page</a> for more information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">Open-source software</a> advocate and software developer <a href="/wiki/Eric_S._Raymond" title="Eric S. Raymond">Eric S. Raymond</a> writes in his <i><a href="/wiki/Jargon_File" title="Jargon File">Jargon File</a></i> that EBCDIC was loathed by hackers, by which he meant<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> members of a subculture of enthusiastic programmers. The Jargon File 4.4.7 gives the following definition:<sup id="cite_ref-CATB_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CATB-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>EBCDIC: /eb´s@·dik/, /eb´see`dik/, /eb´k@·dik/, n. [abbreviation, Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code] An alleged character set used on IBM dinosaurs. It exists in at least six mutually incompatible versions, all featuring such delights as non-contiguous letter sequences and the absence of several ASCII punctuation characters fairly important for modern computer languages (exactly which characters are absent varies according to which version of EBCDIC you're looking at). IBM adapted EBCDIC from punched card code in the early 1960s and promulgated it as a customer-control tactic (see <i><a href="/wiki/Connector_conspiracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Connector conspiracy">connector conspiracy</a></i>), spurning the already established ASCII standard. Today, IBM claims to be an <a href="/wiki/Open_system_(computing)" title="Open system (computing)">open-systems</a> company, but IBM's own description of the EBCDIC variants and how to convert between them is still internally classified top-secret, burn-before-reading. Hackers blanch at the very <i>name</i> of EBCDIC and consider it a manifestation of purest evil.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>The Jargon file 4.4.7</cite></div></blockquote> <p>EBCDIC design was also the source of many jokes. One such joke, found in the Unix <a href="/wiki/Fortune_(Unix)" title="Fortune (Unix)">fortune</a> file of <a href="/wiki/4.3BSD" class="mw-redirect" title="4.3BSD">4.3BSD</a> Reno (1990)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> went: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i>Professor: "So the American government went to IBM to come up with an <a href="/wiki/Data_Encryption_Standard" title="Data Encryption Standard">encryption standard</a>, and they came up with—"<br />Student: "EBCDIC!"</i></p></blockquote> <p>References to the EBCDIC character set are made in the 1979 computer game series <i><a href="/wiki/Zork" title="Zork">Zork</a></i>. In the "Machine Room" in <i><a href="/wiki/Zork_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Zork II">Zork II</a></i>, EBCDIC is used to imply an incomprehensible language: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>This is a large room full of assorted heavy machinery, whirring noisily. The room smells of burned resistors. Along one wall are three buttons which are, respectively, round, triangular, and square. Naturally, above these buttons are instructions written in EBCDIC...</p></blockquote> <p>In 2021, it became public that a Belgian bank was still using EBCDIC internally in 2019. A customer insisted that the correct spelling of his surname included an <a href="/wiki/Germanic_umlaut" title="Germanic umlaut">umlaut</a>, which the bank omitted, and the customer filed a complaint citing the guarantee in the <a href="/wiki/General_Data_Protection_Regulation" title="General Data Protection Regulation">General Data Protection Regulation</a> of the right to timely "rectification of inaccurate personal data." The bank's argument included the fact that their system used EBCDIC, as well as that it did not support letters with <a href="/wiki/Diacritics" class="mw-redirect" title="Diacritics">diacritics</a> (or lower case, for that matter). The appeals court ruled in favor of the customer.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EBCDIC&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UTF-EBCDIC" title="UTF-EBCDIC">UTF-EBCDIC</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EBCDIC&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Mackenzie_1980-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mackenzie_1980_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mackenzie_1980_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMackenzie1980" class="citation book cs1">Mackenzie, Charles E. (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://textfiles.meulie.net/bitsaved/Books/Mackenzie_CodedCharSets.pdf"><i>Coded Character Sets, History and Development</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Systems Programming Series (1 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Addison-Wesley_Publishing_Company,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.">Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.</a> <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-201-14460-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-201-14460-3"><bdi>0-201-14460-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/77-90165">77-90165</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coded+Character+Sets%2C+History+and+Development&rft.series=The+Systems+Programming+Series&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley+Publishing+Company%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F77-90165&rft.isbn=0-201-14460-3&rft.aulast=Mackenzie&rft.aufirst=Charles+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftextfiles.meulie.net%2Fbitsaved%2FBooks%2FMackenzie_CodedCharSets.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEBCDIC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonovan1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._Donovan" title="John J. Donovan">Donovan, John J.</a> (1972). <i>Systems Programming</i>. McGraw-Hill. p. 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-085175-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-085175-1"><bdi>0-07-085175-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Systems+Programming&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=0-07-085175-1&rft.aulast=Donovan&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEBCDIC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bemer_P-Bit-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bemer_P-Bit_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bemer_P-Bit_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBemer" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Bemer" title="Bob Bemer">Bemer, Bob</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180513204153/http://www.bobbemer.com/P-BIT.HTM">"EBCDIC and the P-Bit (The Biggest Computer Goof Ever) - Computer History Vignettes"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bobbemer.com/P-BIT.HTM">the original</a> on 2018-05-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-07-02</span></span>. <q>...but their printers and punches were not ready to handle ASCII, and IBM just HAD to announce.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EBCDIC+and+the+P-Bit+%28The+Biggest+Computer+Goof+Ever%29+-+Computer+History+Vignettes&rft.aulast=Bemer&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bobbemer.com%2FP-BIT.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEBCDIC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepage.cs.uiowa.edu/~jones/cards/codes.html">"Doug Jones's punched card codes"</a>. <i>homepage.cs.uiowa.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=homepage.cs.uiowa.edu&rft.atitle=Doug+Jones%27s+punched+card+codes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhomepage.cs.uiowa.edu%2F~jones%2Fcards%2Fcodes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEBCDIC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SR-IX-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SR-IX_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sr-ix.com/Archive/CharCodeHist/X3.4-1963/page4.JPG">"X3.4-1963"</a>. 1963. p. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=X3.4-1963&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1963&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sr-ix.com%2FArchive%2FCharCodeHist%2FX3.4-1963%2Fpage4.JPG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEBCDIC" class="Z3988"></span> (NB. IBM had four staff members on the final 21-member ASA X3.2 sub-committee.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ibmebcdic-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ibmebcdic_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIBMnt2008" class="citation web cs1">IBMnt (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130103091717/http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/zos/v1r9/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.zos.r9.adms700/adms7a05158.htm">"IBM confirms the use of EBCDIC in their mainframes as a default practice"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/zos/v1r9/index.jsp?topic=%2Fcom.ibm.zos.r9.adms700%2Fadms7a05158.htm">the original</a> on 2013-01-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-06-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IBM+confirms+the+use+of+EBCDIC+in+their+mainframes+as+a+default+practice&rft.date=2008&rft.au=IBMnt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpublib.boulder.ibm.com%2Finfocenter%2Fzos%2Fv1r9%2Findex.jsp%3Ftopic%3D%252Fcom.ibm.zos.r9.adms700%252Fadms7a05158.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEBCDIC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/C99RationaleV5.10.pdf#page=204">"Rationale for International Standard – Programming Languages – C"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Revision 5.10. April 2003. § MSE.4: Support for invariant ISO/IEC 646. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160606072228/http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/C99RationaleV5.10.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2016-06-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rationale+for+International+Standard+%E2%80%93+Programming+Languages+%E2%80%93+C&rft.series=Revision+5.10&rft.pages=%C2%A7+MSE.4%3A+Support+for+invariant+ISO%2FIEC+646&rft.date=2003-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2FC99RationaleV5.10.pdf%23page%3D204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEBCDIC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp10/1970_PDP-10_Ref/1970PDP10Ref_Part2.pdf"><i>PDP-10 Reference Handbook, Book 2: Assembling the Source Program</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">Digital Equipment Corporation</a>. p. 221.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=PDP-10+Reference+Handbook%2C+Book+2%3A+Assembling+the+Source+Program&rft.pages=221&rft.pub=Digital+Equipment+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bitsavers.org%2Fpdf%2Fdec%2Fpdp10%2F1970_PDP-10_Ref%2F1970PDP10Ref_Part2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEBCDIC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/ssw_ibm_i_71/nls/rbagsinvariantcharset.htm">"Invariant character set"</a>. <i>IBM Knowledge Center</i>. 2018-08-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IBM+Knowledge+Center&rft.atitle=Invariant+character+set&rft.date=2018-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fsupport%2Fknowledgecenter%2Fen%2Fssw_ibm_i_71%2Fnls%2Frbagsinvariantcharset.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEBCDIC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-utr16cdra-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-utr16cdra_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-utr16cdra_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-utr16cdra_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUmamaheswaran1999" class="citation web cs1">Umamaheswaran, V.S. (1999-11-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr16/tr16-6.html#Step%202">"3.3 Step 2: Byte Conversion"</a>. <i>UTF-EBCDIC</i>. <a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a>. Unicode Technical Report #16. <q>The 64 control characters...the ASCII DELETE character (U+007F)...are mapped respecting EBCDIC conventions, as defined in IBM Character Data Representation Architecture, CDRA, with one exception -- the pairing of EBCDIC Line Feed and New Line control characters are swapped from their CDRA default pairings to ISO/IEC 6429 Line Feed (U+000A) and Next Line (U+0085) control characters</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UTF-EBCDIC&rft.atitle=3.3+Step+2%3A+Byte+Conversion&rft.date=1999-11-08&rft.aulast=Umamaheswaran&rft.aufirst=V.S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Freports%2Ftr16%2Ftr16-6.html%23Step%25202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEBCDIC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ms037-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ms037_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ms037_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteele1996" class="citation web cs1">Steele, Shawn (1996-04-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/MICSFT/EBCDIC/CP037.TXT">"cp037_IBMUSCanada to Unicode table"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>/<a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=cp037_IBMUSCanada+to+Unicode+table&rft.pub=Microsoft%2FUnicode+Consortium&rft.date=1996-04-24&rft.aulast=Steele&rft.aufirst=Shawn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FPublic%2FMAPPINGS%2FVENDORS%2FMICSFT%2FEBCDIC%2FCP037.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEBCDIC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeninger2019" class="citation web cs1">Heninger, Andy (2019-02-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr14/tr14-43.html#NL">"NL: Next Line (A) (Non-tailorable)"</a>. <i>Unicode Line Breaking Algorithm</i>. Revision 43. <a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a>. Unicode Standard Annex #14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unicode+Line+Breaking+Algorithm&rft.atitle=NL%3A+Next+Line+%28A%29+%28Non-tailorable%29&rft.date=2019-02-15&rft.aulast=Heninger&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Freports%2Ftr14%2Ftr14-43.html%23NL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEBCDIC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO-IR-1241986" class="citation cs1">ISO/TC 46 (1986-02-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/124.pdf"><i>Additional Control Functions for Bibliographic Use according to International Standard ISO 6630</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ITSCJ/<a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan" title="Information Processing Society of Japan">IPSJ</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISO-IR" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-IR">ISO-IR</a>-124.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Additional+Control+Functions+for+Bibliographic+Use+according+to+International+Standard+ISO+6630&rft.pub=ITSCJ%2FIPSJ&rft.date=1986-02-01&rft.au=ISO%2FTC+46&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitscj.ipsj.or.jp%2Fir%2F124.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEBCDIC" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/english/vbcqpr00000004qn-att/ISO-IR.pdf"><i>ISO/IEC International Register of Coded Character Sets To Be Used With Escape Sequences</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, ITSCJ/<a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan" title="Information Processing Society of Japan">IPSJ</a>, ISO-IR</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ISO%2FIEC+International+Register+of+Coded+Character+Sets+To+Be+Used+With+Escape+Sequences&rft.pub=ITSCJ%2FIPSJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitscj.ipsj.or.jp%2Fenglish%2Fvbcqpr00000004qn-att%2FISO-IR.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEBCDIC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_22017" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_2" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2">ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2</a> (2017). "12.4: Identification of control function set". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/c069119_ISO_IEC_10646_2017.zip"><i>Information technology — Universal Coded Character Set (UCS)</i></a> (5th ed.). <a href="/wiki/ISO" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO">ISO</a>. pp. 19–20. ISO/IEC 10646. <q>For other C0 or C1 sets, the final octet F shall be obtained from the International Register of Coded Character Sets....If such an escape sequence appears within a code unit sequence conforming to this International Standard, it shall be padded in accordance with Clause 11.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=12.4%3A+Identification+of+control+function+set&rft.btitle=Information+technology+%E2%80%94+Universal+Coded+Character+Set+%28UCS%29&rft.pages=19-20&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=ISO&rft.date=2017&rft.au=ISO%2FIEC+JTC+1%2FSC+2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstandards.iso.org%2Fittf%2FPubliclyAvailableStandards%2Fc069119_ISO_IEC_10646_2017.zip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEBCDIC" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnicode_Consortium2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a> (2019). "23.1: Control Codes". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode12.0.0/ch23.pdf#page=3"><i>The Unicode Standard</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (12.0.0 ed.). pp. 868–870. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-936213-22-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-936213-22-1"><bdi>978-1-936213-22-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=23.1%3A+Control+Codes&rft.btitle=The+Unicode+Standard&rft.pages=868-870&rft.edition=12.0.0&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-936213-22-1&rft.au=Unicode+Consortium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fversions%2FUnicode12.0.0%2Fch23.pdf%23page%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEBCDIC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IBM_G-1-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IBM_G-1_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IBM_G-1_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IBM_G-1_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IBM_G-1_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180911044845/https://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/cdra/appendix_g1.html">"Appendix G-1. EBCDIC control character definitions"</a>. <i>Character Data Representation Architecture</i>. <a href="/wiki/IBM_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM Corporation">IBM Corporation</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/cdra/appendix_g1.html">the original</a> on 2018-09-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Character+Data+Representation+Architecture&rft.atitle=Appendix+G-1.+EBCDIC+control+character+definitions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww-01.ibm.com%2Fsoftware%2Fglobalization%2Fcdra%2Fappendix_g1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEBCDIC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gost19768-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gost19768_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gost19768_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gost19768_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gost19768_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gost19768_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gost19768_18-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gost19768_18-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gost19768_18-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gost19768_18-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gost19768_18-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGOST1993" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/GOST" title="GOST">GOST</a> (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docs.cntd.ru/document/gost-19768-93">"Информационная технология. Наборы 8-битных кодированных символов. Двоичный код обработки информации"</a> [Information technology. 8-bit coded character sets. Binary code for information processing] (in Russian). GOST 19768-93.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F.+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B+8-%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2.+%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.date=1993&rft.au=GOST&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocs.cntd.ru%2Fdocument%2Fgost-19768-93&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEBCDIC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIBM" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/downloads/cas/G01BQVRV#page=327">"Character Data Representation Architecture (CDRA)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></i>. p. 327. <q>The mnemonic for the Start of Significance control character in EBCDIC has been modified to include a dot (.) at the end (SOS.). This has been done to distinguish it from the SOS mnemonic used in ISO-8 for the Start of String control character. The dot does not alter the property of the control in any way.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IBM&rft.atitle=Character+Data+Representation+Architecture+%28CDRA%29&rft.pages=327&rft.au=IBM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fdownloads%2Fcas%2FG01BQVRV%23page%3D327&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEBCDIC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-columbia-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-columbia_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ftp/charsets/iso8859.txt">"iso8859.txt"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kermit_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kermit (software)">Kermit project</a> / <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=iso8859.txt&rft.pub=Kermit+project+%2F+Columbia+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbia.edu%2Fkermit%2Fftp%2Fcharsets%2Fiso8859.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEBCDIC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaymond1997" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eric_S._Raymond" title="Eric S. Raymond">Raymond, Eric S.</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://manybooks.net/titles/anonetext02jarg422.html">"The New Hacker's Dictionary"</a>. p. 310.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+New+Hacker%27s+Dictionary&rft.pages=310&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Raymond&rft.aufirst=Eric+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmanybooks.net%2Ftitles%2Fanonetext02jarg422.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEBCDIC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CATB-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CATB_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catb.org/jargon/html/E/EBCDIC.html">"EBCDIC"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jargon_File" title="Jargon File">Jargon File</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180513205203/http://catb.org/jargon/html/E/EBCDIC.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-05-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-05-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jargon+File&rft.atitle=EBCDIC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcatb.org%2Fjargon%2Fhtml%2FE%2FEBCDIC.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEBCDIC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minnie.tuhs.org/cgi-bin/utree.pl?file=4.3BSD-Reno/share/games/fortune/fortunes"><i>4.3BSD-Reno/share/games/fortune/fortunes</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=4.3BSD-Reno%2Fshare%2Fgames%2Ffortune%2Ffortunes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fminnie.tuhs.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Futree.pl%3Ffile%3D4.3BSD-Reno%2Fshare%2Fgames%2Ffortune%2Ffortunes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEBCDIC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gdprhub.eu/index.php?title=Court_of_Appeal_of_Brussels_-_2019/AR/1006">"Court of Appeal of Brussels - 2019/AR/1006 - GDPRhub"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Court+of+Appeal+of+Brussels+-+2019%2FAR%2F1006+-+GDPRhub&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgdprhub.eu%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DCourt_of_Appeal_of_Brussels_-_2019%2FAR%2F1006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEBCDIC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEden2021" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Terence_Eden" class="mw-redirect" title="Terence Eden">Eden, Terence</a> (2021-10-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shkspr.mobi/blog/2021/10/ebcdic-is-incompatible-with-gdpr/">"EBCDIC is incompatible with GDPR – Terence Eden's Blog"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EBCDIC+is+incompatible+with+GDPR+%E2%80%93+Terence+Eden%27s+Blog&rft.date=2021-10-25&rft.aulast=Eden&rft.aufirst=Terence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshkspr.mobi%2Fblog%2F2021%2F10%2Febcdic-is-incompatible-with-gdpr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEBCDIC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EBCDIC&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>IBM-related: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180513205355/https://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/g11n-res.html">Character Data Representation Architecture (CDRA) from IBM</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 2018-05-13). Contains IBM's official information on code pages and character sets. <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150619065737/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/cp/cp00037.html">Code page 37</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 2015-06-19)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150607033635/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/cp/cp01047.html">Code page 1047</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 2015-06-07)</li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSEQ5Y_5.9.0/com.ibm.pcomm.doc/reference/pdf/hcp_referenceV58.pdf">Host Code Page Reference</a> from IBM, shows code charts for several single-byte IBM EBCDIC pages.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icu4c-demos.unicode.org/icu-bin/convexp">ICU Converter Explorer</a> Contains more information about EBCDIC derived from IBM's CDRA, including DBCS EBCDIC (Double Byte Character Set EBCDIC)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/ssw_ibm_i_74/nls/rbagscodepages.htm">"Code Pages"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IBM&rft.atitle=Code+Pages&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fsupport%2Fknowledgecenter%2Fssw_ibm_i_74%2Fnls%2Frbagscodepages.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEBCDIC" class="Z3988"></span> from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/ssw_ibm_i_74/nls/rbagsglobalmain.htm">"IBM i globalization"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IBM&rft.atitle=IBM+i+globalization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fsupport%2Fknowledgecenter%2Fssw_ibm_i_74%2Fnls%2Frbagsglobalmain.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEBCDIC" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bs2manuals.ts.fujitsu.com/download/manual/3085.5">XHCS V2.0 manual</a>, shows code charts for several single-byte <a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a>/<a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a> (as opposed to IBM) EBCDIC pages used on the <a href="/wiki/BS2000" title="BS2000">BS2000</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222819/http://www.hansenb.pdx.edu/DMKB/dict/tutorials/ebcdic.php">EBCDIC character list, including decimal and hex values, symbolic name, and character/function</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 2016-03-03)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180418175635/http://wzwz.de/prog/ebcdic/cc_en.htm">EBCDIC-code pages with Latin-1-charset (JavaScript)</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 2018-04-18)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160827044130/http://mainframe.wiki/ebcdicTbl.php">All EBCDIC code pages and 3270 graphics escape codes</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived August 27, 2016)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icu.unicode.org/charts/charset">ICU Character Set Mapping Tables</a> Contains computer readable Unicode mapping tables for EBCDIC and many other character sets</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Character_encodings" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Character_encodings" title="Template:Character encodings"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Character_encodings" title="Template talk:Character encodings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Character_encodings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Character encodings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Character_encodings" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">Character encodings</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early telecommunications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_code" title="Telegraph code">Telegraph code</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cooke_and_Wheatstone_telegraph#Codes" title="Cooke and Wheatstone telegraph">Needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morse_code" title="Morse code">Morse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morse_code_for_non-Latin_alphabets" title="Morse code for non-Latin alphabets">Non-Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabun_code" title="Wabun code">Wabun/Kana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_telegraph_code" title="Chinese telegraph code">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Morse_code" title="Russian Morse code">Cyrillic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baudot_code" title="Baudot code">Baudot and Murray</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieldata" title="Fieldata">Fieldata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">ISO/IEC 646</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BCD_(character_encoding)" title="BCD (character encoding)">BCDIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletex" title="Teletex">Teletex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Videotex" title="Videotex">Videotex</a>/<a href="/wiki/Teletext" title="Teletext">Teletext</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T.51/ISO/IEC_6937" title="T.51/ISO/IEC 6937">T.51/ISO/IEC 6937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITU_T.61" title="ITU T.61">ITU T.61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Videotex_character_set" title="Videotex character set">ITU T.101</a></li> <li>World System Teletext <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_System_Teletext" title="World System Teletext">background</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletext_character_set" title="Teletext character set">sets</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcode_(character_encoding)" title="Transcode (character encoding)">Transcode</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">ISO/IEC 8859</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Approved parts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1">-1 (Western Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-2" title="ISO/IEC 8859-2">-2 (Central Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-3" title="ISO/IEC 8859-3">-3 (Maltese/Esperanto)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-4" title="ISO/IEC 8859-4">-4 (North Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-5" title="ISO/IEC 8859-5">-5 (Cyrillic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-6" title="ISO/IEC 8859-6">-6 (Arabic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-7" title="ISO/IEC 8859-7">-7 (Greek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-8" title="ISO/IEC 8859-8">-8 (Hebrew)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-9" title="ISO/IEC 8859-9">-9 (Turkish)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-10" title="ISO/IEC 8859-10">-10 (Nordic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-11" title="ISO/IEC 8859-11">-11 (Thai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-13" title="ISO/IEC 8859-13">-13 (Baltic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-14" title="ISO/IEC 8859-14">-14 (Celtic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-15" title="ISO/IEC 8859-15">-15 (New Western Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-16" title="ISO/IEC 8859-16">-16 (Romanian)</a></li></ul></li> <li>Abandoned parts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-12" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 8859-12">-12 (Devanagari)</a></li></ul></li> <li>Proposed but not approved <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-111" title="ISO-IR-111">KOI-8 Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-197" title="ISO-IR-197">Sámi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Adaptations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-182" title="ISO-IR-182">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-200" title="ISO-IR-200">Barents Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_922" title="Code page 922">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1124" title="Code page 1124">Ukrainian Cyrillic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bibliographic use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MARC-8" title="MARC-8">MARC-8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ANSEL" title="ANSEL">ANSEL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Character_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Chinese Character Code for Information Interchange">CCCII/EACC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5426" title="ISO 5426">ISO 5426</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5426" title="ISO 5426">5426-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5427" title="ISO 5427">5427</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5428" title="ISO 5428">5428</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6438" title="ISO 6438">6438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6862" title="ISO 6862">6862</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ArmSCII" title="ArmSCII">ArmSCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big5" title="Big5">Big5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BraSCII" title="BraSCII">BraSCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNS_11643" title="CNS 11643">CNS 11643</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_66003" title="DIN 66003">DIN 66003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELOT_927" title="ELOT 927">ELOT 927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOST_10859" title="GOST 10859">GOST 10859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_2312" title="GB 2312">GB 2312</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_12345" title="GB 12345">GB 12345</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_12052" title="GB 12052">GB 12052</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_18030" title="GB 18030">GB 18030</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Supplementary_Character_Set" title="Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set">HKSCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Script_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Indian Script Code for Information Interchange">ISCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0201" title="JIS X 0201">JIS X 0201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0208" title="JIS X 0208">JIS X 0208</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0212" title="JIS X 0212">JIS X 0212</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0213" title="JIS X 0213">JIS X 0213</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI-7" title="KOI-7">KOI-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPS_9566" title="KPS 9566">KPS 9566</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KS_X_1001" title="KS X 1001">KS X 1001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KS_X_1002" title="KS X 1002">KS X 1002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LST_1564" title="LST 1564">LST 1564</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LST_1590-4" title="LST 1590-4">LST 1590-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perso-Arabic_Script_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Perso-Arabic Script Code for Information Interchange">PASCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shift_JIS" title="Shift JIS">Shift JIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SI_960" title="SI 960">SI 960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Industrial_Standard_620-2533" title="Thai Industrial Standard 620-2533">TIS-620</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Script_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Tamil Script Code for Information Interchange">TSCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VISCII" title="VISCII">VISCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VSCII" title="VSCII">VSCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YUSCII" title="YUSCII">YUSCII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">ISO/IEC 2022</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">ISO/IEC 8859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10367" title="ISO/IEC 10367">ISO/IEC 10367</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Unix_Code" title="Extended Unix Code">Extended Unix Code / EUC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mac OS <a href="/wiki/Code_page" title="Code page">Code pages</a><br />("scripts")</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Armenian" title="Mac OS Armenian">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacArabic_encoding" title="MacArabic encoding">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Barents_Cyrillic" title="Mac OS Barents Cyrillic">Barents Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Celtic" title="Mac OS Celtic">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Central_European_encoding" title="Mac OS Central European encoding">Central European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Croatian_encoding" title="Mac OS Croatian encoding">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Cyrillic_encoding" title="Mac OS Cyrillic encoding">Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Devanagari_encoding" title="Mac OS Devanagari encoding">Devanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacFarsi_encoding" title="MacFarsi encoding">Farsi (Persian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Font_X_encoding" title="Macintosh Font X encoding">Font X (Kermit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Gaelic" title="Mac OS Gaelic">Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Georgian" title="Mac OS Georgian">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacGreek_encoding" title="MacGreek encoding">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Gujarati" title="Mac OS Gujarati">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Gurmukhi" title="Mac OS Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Hebrew" title="Mac OS Hebrew">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Icelandic_encoding" title="Mac OS Icelandic encoding">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Inuit" title="Mac OS Inuit">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Keyboard_encoding" title="Mac OS Keyboard encoding">Keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Latin_encoding" title="Macintosh Latin encoding">Latin (Kermit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Maltese/Esperanto_encoding" title="Mac OS Maltese/Esperanto encoding">Maltese/Esperanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Ogham" title="Mac OS Ogham">Ogham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Roman" title="Mac OS Roman">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Romanian_encoding" title="Mac OS Romanian encoding">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_S%C3%A1mi" title="Mac OS Sámi">Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Turkish_encoding" title="Mac OS Turkish encoding">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Turkic_Cyrillic" title="Mac OS Turkic Cyrillic">Turkic Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Ukrainian_encoding" title="Mac OS Ukrainian encoding">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VT100_encoding" title="VT100 encoding">VT100</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">DOS code pages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_437" title="Code page 437">437</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_668" title="Code page 668">668</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_708" title="Code page 708">708</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_720" title="Code page 720">720</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_737" title="Code page 737">737</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_770" title="Code page 770">770</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_773" title="Code page 773">773</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_775" title="Code page 775">775</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_776" title="Code page 776">776</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_777" title="Code page 777">777</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_778" title="Code page 778">778</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_850" title="Code page 850">850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_851" title="Code page 851">851</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_852" title="Code page 852">852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_853" title="Code page 853">853</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_855" title="Code page 855">855</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_856" title="Code page 856">856</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_857" title="Code page 857">857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_858" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 858">858</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_859" title="Code page 859">859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_860" title="Code page 860">860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_861" title="Code page 861">861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_862" title="Code page 862">862</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_863" title="Code page 863">863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_864" title="Code page 864">864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_865" title="Code page 865">865</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_866" title="Code page 866">866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_867" title="Code page 867">867</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_868" title="Code page 868">868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_869" title="Code page 869">869</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_897" title="Code page 897">897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_899" title="Code page 899">899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_903" title="Code page 903">903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_904" title="Code page 904">904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_932_(IBM)" title="Code page 932 (IBM)">932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_936_(IBM)" title="Code page 936 (IBM)">936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_942" title="Code page 942">942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_949_(IBM)" title="Code page 949 (IBM)">949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_950" title="Code page 950">950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_951" title="Code page 951">951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1034" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1034">1034</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1040" title="Code page 1040">1040</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1042" title="Code page 1042">1042</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1043" title="Code page 1043">1043</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1044" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1044">1044</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1098" title="Code page 1098">1098</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1115" title="Code page 1115">1115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1116" title="Code page 1116">1116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1117" title="Code page 1117">1117</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1118" title="Code page 1118">1118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1127" title="Code page 1127">1127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_3846" title="Code page 3846">3846</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABICOMP_character_set" title="ABICOMP character set">ABICOMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CS_Indic_character_set" title="CS Indic character set">CS Indic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSX_Indic_character_set" title="CSX Indic character set">CSX Indic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSX%2B_Indic_character_set" title="CSX+ Indic character set">CSX+ Indic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CWI-2" title="CWI-2">CWI-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_System_encoding" title="Iran System encoding">Iran System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamenick%C3%BD_encoding" title="Kamenický encoding">Kamenický</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazovia_encoding" title="Mazovia encoding">Mazovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIK_(character_set)" title="MIK (character set)">MIK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IBM_AIX" title="IBM AIX">IBM AIX code pages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_895" title="Code page 895">895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_896" title="Code page 896">896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_912" title="Code page 912">912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_915" title="Code page 915">915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_921" title="Code page 921">921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_922" title="Code page 922">922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1006" title="Code page 1006">1006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1008" title="Code page 1008">1008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1009" title="Code page 1009">1009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1010" title="Code page 1010">1010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1012" title="Code page 1012">1012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1013" title="Code page 1013">1013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1014" title="Code page 1014">1014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1015" title="Code page 1015">1015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1016" title="Code page 1016">1016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1017" title="Code page 1017">1017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1018" title="Code page 1018">1018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1019" title="Code page 1019">1019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1046" title="Code page 1046">1046</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1124" title="Code page 1124">1124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1133" title="Code page 1133">1133</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Windows_code_page" title="Windows code page">Windows code pages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CER-GS" title="CER-GS">CER-GS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_932_(Microsoft_Windows)" title="Code page 932 (Microsoft Windows)">932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_936_(Microsoft_Windows)" title="Code page 936 (Microsoft Windows)">936</a> (<a href="/wiki/GBK_(character_encoding)" title="GBK (character encoding)">GBK</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_950" title="Code page 950">950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1169" title="Code page 1169">1169</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Latin-8" title="Extended Latin-8">Extended Latin-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1250" title="Windows-1250">1250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1251" title="Windows-1251">1251</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1252" title="Windows-1252">1252</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1253" title="Windows-1253">1253</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1254" title="Windows-1254">1254</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1255" title="Windows-1255">1255</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1256" title="Windows-1256">1256</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1257" title="Windows-1257">1257</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1258" title="Windows-1258">1258</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1270" title="Windows-1270">1270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Cyrillic_%2B_Finnish" title="Windows Cyrillic + Finnish">Cyrillic + Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Cyrillic_%2B_French" title="Windows Cyrillic + French">Cyrillic + French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Cyrillic_%2B_German" title="Windows Cyrillic + German">Cyrillic + German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Polytonic_Greek" title="Windows Polytonic Greek">Polytonic Greek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">EBCDIC</a> code pages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language_in_EBCDIC" title="Japanese language in EBCDIC">Japanese language in EBCDIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DKOI" title="DKOI">DKOI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">DEC</a> terminals (<a href="/wiki/VT220" title="VT220">VTx</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multinational_Character_Set" title="Multinational Character Set">Multinational (MCS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Replacement_Character_Set" title="National Replacement Character Set">National Replacement (NRCS)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1020" title="Code page 1020">French Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1021" title="Code page 1021">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1023" title="Code page 1023">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1101" title="Code page 1101">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1102" title="Code page 1102">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1103" title="Code page 1103">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1104" title="Code page 1104">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1105" title="Code page 1105">Norwegian and Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1106" title="Code page 1106">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1107" title="Code page 1107">Norwegian and Danish (alternative)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1287" title="Code page 1287">8-bit Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1288" title="Code page 1288">8-bit Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SI_960" title="SI 960">SI 960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_Hebrew" title="DEC Hebrew">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_Special_Graphics" title="DEC Special Graphics">Special Graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_Technical_Character_Set" title="DEC Technical Character Set">Technical (TCS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Platform specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1052" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1052">1052</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1053" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1053">1053</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1054" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1054">1054</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1055" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1055">1055</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Code_page_1056&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Code page 1056 (page does not exist)">1056</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1057" title="Code page 1057">1057</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1058" title="Code page 1058">1058</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RISC_OS_character_set" title="RISC OS character set">Acorn RISC OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amstrad_CPC_character_set" title="Amstrad CPC character set">Amstrad CPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_II_character_set" title="Apple II character set">Apple II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATASCII" title="ATASCII">ATASCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_ST_character_set" title="Atari ST character set">Atari ST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitstream_International_Character_Set" title="Bitstream International Character Set">BICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casio_calculator_character_sets" title="Casio calculator character sets">Casio calculators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDC_display_code" title="CDC display code">CDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intecolor/Compucolor_8001_character_set" class="mw-redirect" title="Intecolor/Compucolor 8001 character set">Compucolor 8001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compucolor_II_character_set" title="Compucolor II character set">Compucolor II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amstrad_CP/M_Plus_character_set" title="Amstrad CP/M Plus character set">CP/M+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_RADIX_50" title="DEC RADIX 50">DEC RADIX 50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multinational_Character_Set" title="Multinational Character Set">DEC MCS</a>/<a href="/wiki/National_Replacement_Character_Set" title="National Replacement Character Set">NRCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DG_International" title="DG International">DG International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaksija_(computer)#Character_ROM" title="Galaksija (computer)">Galaksija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEM_character_set" title="GEM character set">GEM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSM_03.38" title="GSM 03.38">GSM 03.38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP_Roman" title="HP Roman">HP Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOCAL_character_set" title="FOCAL character set">HP FOCAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPL_character_set" title="RPL character set">HP RPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQUOZE#Identifier_name_character_encoding" title="SQUOZE">SQUOZE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_International_Character_Set" title="Lotus International Character Set">LICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Multi-Byte_Character_Set" title="Lotus Multi-Byte Character Set">LMBCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSX_character_set" title="MSX character set">MSX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEC_APC_character_set" title="NEC APC character set">NEC APC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeXT_character_set" title="NeXT character set">NeXT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PETSCII" title="PETSCII">PETSCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostScript_Standard_Encoding" title="PostScript Standard Encoding">PostScript Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostScript_Latin_1_Encoding" title="PostScript Latin 1 Encoding">PostScript Latin 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAM_Coup%C3%A9_character_set" class="mw-redirect" title="SAM Coupé character set">SAM Coupé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_SC-3000_character_set" title="Sega SC-3000 character set">Sega SC-3000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_pocket_computer_character_sets" title="Sharp pocket computer character sets">Sharp calculators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_MZ_character_set" title="Sharp MZ character set">Sharp MZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_QL_character_set" title="Sinclair QL character set">Sinclair QL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletext_character_set" title="Teletext character set">Teletext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TI_calculator_character_sets" title="TI calculator character sets">TI calculators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRS-80_character_set" title="TRS-80 character set">TRS-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventura_International" title="Ventura International">Ventura International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_International_Standard_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Wang International Standard Code for Information Interchange">WISCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xerox_Character_Code_Standard" title="Xerox Character Code Standard">XCCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZX80_character_set" title="ZX80 character set">ZX80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZX81_character_set" title="ZX81 character set">ZX81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZX_Spectrum_character_set" title="ZX Spectrum character set">ZX Spectrum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> / <a href="/wiki/Universal_Coded_Character_Set" title="Universal Coded Character Set">ISO/IEC 10646</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UTF-1" title="UTF-1">UTF-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-7" title="UTF-7">UTF-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-16" title="UTF-16">UTF-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-32" title="UTF-32">UTF-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-EBCDIC" title="UTF-EBCDIC">UTF-EBCDIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_18030" title="GB 18030">GB 18030</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_91379" title="DIN 91379">DIN 91379</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binary_Ordered_Compression_for_Unicode" title="Binary Ordered Compression for Unicode">BOCU-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CESU-8" title="CESU-8">CESU-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Compression_Scheme_for_Unicode" title="Standard Compression Scheme for Unicode">SCSU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_All_Character_Encoding" title="Tamil All Character Encoding">TACE16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Unicode_encodings" title="Comparison of Unicode encodings">Comparison of Unicode encodings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a> typesetting system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cork_encoding" title="Cork encoding">Cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LY1_encoding" title="LY1 encoding">LY1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OML_encoding" title="OML encoding">OML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMS_encoding" title="OMS encoding">OMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OT1_encoding" title="OT1 encoding">OT1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous code pages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABICOMP_character_set" title="ABICOMP character set">ABICOMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASMO_449" title="ASMO 449">ASMO 449</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_encoding_of_APL_symbols" title="Digital encoding of APL symbols">Digital encoding of APL symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-68" title="ISO-IR-68">ISO-IR-68</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARIB_STD_B24_character_set" title="ARIB STD B24 character set">ARIB STD-B24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieldata" title="Fieldata">Fieldata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HZ_(character_encoding)" title="HZ (character encoding)">HZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC-P27-1" title="IEC-P27-1">IEC-P27-1</a></li> <li>INIS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/INIS_character_set" title="INIS character set">7-bit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INIS-8" title="INIS-8">8-bit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-169" title="ISO-IR-169">ISO-IR-169</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2033" title="ISO 2033">ISO 2033</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI_character_encodings" title="KOI character encodings">KOI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KOI8-R" title="KOI8-R">KOI8-R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI8-RU" title="KOI8-RU">KOI8-RU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI8-U" title="KOI8-U">KOI8-U</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mojiky%C5%8D" title="Mojikyō">Mojikyō</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Extended_ASCII" title="Stanford Extended ASCII">SEASCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford/ITS_character_set" title="Stanford/ITS character set">Stanford/ITS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbol_(typeface)" title="Symbol (typeface)">Symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRON_(encoding)" title="TRON (encoding)">TRON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Hangul_Code" title="Unified Hangul Code">Unified Hangul Code</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Control_character" title="Control character">Control character</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prosigns_for_Morse_code" title="Prosigns for Morse code">Morse prosigns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes" title="C0 and C1 control codes">C0 and C1 control codes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_code" title="ANSI escape code">ISO/IEC 6429</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0211" title="JIS X 0211">JIS X 0211</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_control_characters" title="Unicode control characters">Unicode control, format and separator characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitespace_character" title="Whitespace character">Whitespace characters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCSID" title="CCSID">CCSID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_encodings_in_HTML" title="Character encodings in HTML">Character encodings in HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charset_detection" title="Charset detection">Charset detection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_unification" title="Han unification">Han unification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardware_code_page" title="Hardware code page">Hardware code page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_ink_character_recognition" title="Magnetic ink character recognition">MICR code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojibake" title="Mojibake">Mojibake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable-width_encoding" title="Variable-width encoding">Variable-length encoding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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