CINXE.COM

<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns# fb: http://ogp.me/ns/fb# product: http://ogp.me/ns/product#"> <meta charset="utf-8"/><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]},distributed_tracing:{enabled:true}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={agentID:"1105360502",accountID:"3271734",trustKey:"1322840",xpid:"VwQAUFFQDBABVVFXBQYCXlMG",licenseKey:"NRJS-de4732d74895307f015",applicationID:"1105275877"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.282.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>p,gD:()=>m,xN:()=>g});var n=r(3333),i=r(993);const o=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var a=r(2614),s=r(944),c=r(384),u=r(8122);const d="[data-nr-mask]",l=()=>{const e={feature_flags:[],experimental:{marks:!1,measures:!1,resources:!1},mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},get feature_flags(){return e.feature_flags},set feature_flags(t){e.feature_flags=t},generic_events:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},harvest:{interval:30},jserrors:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0,level:i.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},performance:{get capture_marks(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.MARKS)||e.experimental.marks},set capture_marks(t){e.experimental.marks=t},get capture_measures(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.MEASURES)||e.experimental.measures},set capture_measures(t){e.experimental.measures=t},capture_detail:!0,resources:{get enabled(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.RESOURCES)||e.experimental.resources},set enabled(t){e.experimental.resources=t},asset_types:[],first_party_domains:[],ignore_newrelic:!0}},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:a.wk,inactiveMs:a.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){o(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(d):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=d:(0,s.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){o(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,s.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,s.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0,elementAttributes:["id","className","tagName","type"]}}},f={},h="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function p(e){if(!e)throw new Error(h);if(!f[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return f[e]}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(h);f[e]=(0,u.a)(t,l());const r=(0,c.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=f[e])}function m(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(h);var r=p(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0,harvester:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.282.0",i="PROD",o="CDN",a="^2.0.0-alpha.17"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A4:()=>s,OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>h,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>f,m:()=>u,mw:()=>c,sb:()=>l});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s="complete"===a?.document?.readyState,c=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),u=""+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),l=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,f=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),h=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if("*"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)&&c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let o,a;i>0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a="");let[s]=o.split(":");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf("/")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf("/")&&(t=t.substring(1)),""===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=g(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:g,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>u});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5475:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Q:()=>i});var n=r(3304);function i(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,n.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,We:()=>i,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[u,d],"-",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),c&&h(c.prototype,f),h(a.gm,f)),t.on(u+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(d+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},9559:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A5:()=>l,NF:()=>c,tV:()=>u});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863),o=r(5289),a=r(9566),s=r(384);const c="websocket-",u="addEventListener",d={};function l(e){if(d[e.debugId]++)return e;if(!(0,s.dV)().o.WS)return e;class t extends WebSocket{static name="WebSocket";constructor(...t){super(...t);const r=(0,a.LA)(6);this.report=function(t){const r=(0,i.t)();return function(n,...a){const s=a[0]?.timeStamp||(0,i.t)(),u=(0,o.We)();e.emit(c+n,[s,s-r,u,t,...a])}}(r),this.report("new");["message","error","open","close"].forEach((e=>{this.addEventListener(e,(function(t){this.report(u,{eventType:e,event:t})}))}))}send(...e){this.report("send",...e);try{return super.send(...e)}catch(t){throw this.report("send-err",...e),t}}}return n.gm.WebSocket=t,e}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$v:()=>u,TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,kd:()=>c,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],o=["focus","blur"],a=4,s=1e3,c=["PageAction","UserAction","BrowserPerformance"],u={MARKS:"experimental.marks",MEASURES:"experimental.measures",RESOURCES:"experimental.resources"}},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,TZ:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log",a=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>u});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(3969),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function u(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Pj:()=>u,TZ:()=>i,XG:()=>c,rs:()=>o,xV:()=>s,z_:()=>a});var n=r(9559);const i=r(860).K7.metrics,o="sm",a="cm",s="storeSupportabilityMetrics",c="storeEventMetrics",u=["new","send","close",n.tV]},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>d,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>u,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},u={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},d=5e3,l={API:"api"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>u,SR:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_replay.preload")&&s(e)}function u(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>u,Rz:()=>d,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState",l=1e3},3962:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{AM:()=>o,O2:()=>c,Qu:()=>u,TZ:()=>s,ih:()=>d,pP:()=>a,tC:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i=["click","keydown","submit","popstate"],o="api",a="initialPageLoad",s=n.K7.softNav,c={INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:"",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},u={INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},d={IP:"in progress",FIN:"finished",CAN:"cancelled"}},7378:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$p:()=>x,BR:()=>b,Kp:()=>R,L3:()=>y,Lc:()=>c,NC:()=>o,SG:()=>d,TZ:()=>i,U6:()=>p,UT:()=>m,d3:()=>w,dT:()=>f,e5:()=>A,gx:()=>v,l9:()=>l,oW:()=>h,op:()=>g,rw:()=>u,tH:()=>T,uP:()=>s,wW:()=>E,xq:()=>a});var n=r(384);const i=r(860).K7.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",l="remaining",f="interaction",h="spaNode",p="jsonpNode",g="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=(0,n.dV)().o.ST,w="-start",R="-end",x="-body",E="cb"+R,A="jsTime",T="fetch"},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")},425:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>j});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),h=r(384),p=r(6344);const g=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","recordCustomEvent","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),w=r(3785),R=r(2646),x=r(3434);const E=new Map;function A(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,x.YM)(i),a=new R.y(s.P);a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes;const c=t[r]?.[x.Jt]||t[r];return E.set(c,a),o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",(()=>E.get(c))),i}function T(){const e=(0,h.pV)();g.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const S={};var N=r(9417),_=r(5603),O=r(5284);const I=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let P=!1;function j(e,t={},g,R){let{init:x,info:E,loader_config:j,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=g;const L=(0,h.pV)();E||(x=L.init,E=L.info,j=L.loader_config),(0,N.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,x||{}),(0,_.a)(e.agentIdentifier,j||{}),E.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(E.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,E);const H=(0,N.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),M=[E.beacon,E.errorBeacon];P||(H.proxy.assets&&(I(H.proxy.assets),M.push(H.proxy.assets)),H.proxy.beacon&&M.push(H.proxy.beacon),T(),(0,h.US)("activatedFeatures",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===H.soft_navigations.enabled&&H.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),C.denyList=[...H.ajax.deny_list||[],...H.ajax.block_internal?M:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const g={};var R=s.ee.get(e),x=R.get("tracer");S[e]=b.g.OFF,R.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{S[e]=t}));var E="api-",T=E+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(E,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function _(){}g.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,w.R)(R,e,t,r)},g.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),A(R,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{g[e]=I(E,e,!0,"api")})),g.addPageAction=I(E,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.recordCustomEvent=I(E,"recordCustomEvent",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,I(E,"setPageViewName",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},g.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},g.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),R.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},g[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g.interaction=function(e){return(new _).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const O=_.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),h||(0,a.p)(T+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,R),function(){if(x.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw x.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{x.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[r?(0,v.t)():performance.now(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,R),r?void 0:this}}function P(){r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),R.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{O[e]=I(T,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),g.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(T,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(E,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),g.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!S[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,R)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>P()),!0):P(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,R,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=k),P=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>u,K7:()=>s,P3:()=>c,XX:()=>i,qY:()=>n,v4:()=>a});const n="events",i="jserrors",o="browser/blobs",a="rum",s={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:i,logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},c={[s.pageViewEvent]:1,[s.pageViewTiming]:2,[s.metrics]:3,[s.jserrors]:4,[s.spa]:5,[s.ajax]:6,[s.sessionTrace]:7,[s.softNav]:8,[s.sessionReplay]:9,[s.logging]:10,[s.genericEvents]:11},u={[s.pageViewEvent]:a,[s.pageViewTiming]:n,[s.ajax]:n,[s.spa]:n,[s.softNav]:n,[s.metrics]:i,[s.jserrors]:i,[s.sessionTrace]:o,[s.sessionReplay]:o,[s.logging]:"browser/logs",[s.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({212:"nr-spa-compressor",249:"nr-spa-recorder",478:"nr-spa"}[e]+"-1.282.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.282.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={478:"sha512-KRtfgYKMWN+I3/ordLh8IXM7nK8gkA0mgtjr91T2Aan3fvyBYIRzkCUpNWoe1PnAUhmGabOZshgcMS2HAR+Q1A==",249:"sha512-kIzHYAyR+GgU7sCcel7SDnEPmUkHZaBakrmc8CWVA5DeKUpUgLpYhOowQ/8mTaWvwEIXdTjn9w8ntmXvRVmghg==",212:"sha512-p5PweTycvyu54QGkYO9R5+ToLp2c4OSR8Ulnoe7TQCCifas1sokfjwioe/WYbhQQcnIh7JDSdNS3JpkXaTb0vg=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={38:0,788:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.282.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.282.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(){this.agentIdentifier=(0,r.LA)(16)}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}recordCustomEvent(e,t){return this.#e("recordCustomEvent",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(425);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),p=i(6154),g=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,v.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),t.runtime.harvester.initializedAggregates.push(this.featAggregate),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,g.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class w extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(384);var x=i(9908),E=i(2843),A=i(3878),T=i(782),S=i(1863);class N extends b{static featureName=T.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,T.T,t),p.RI&&((0,E.u)((()=>(0,x.p)("docHidden",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,T.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,A.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,x.p)("winPagehide",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,T.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var _=i(9559),O=i(3969);class I extends b{static featureName=O.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,O.TZ,t),(0,_.A5)(this.ee),O.Pj.forEach((e=>{this.ee.on(_.NF+e,((...t)=>{(0,x.p)("buffered-"+_.NF+e,[...t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}))})),this.importAggregator(e)}}var P=i(6774),j=i(3304);class C{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,j.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function k(e){return M(e)?e:new C(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function L(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection";if(!e?.reason)return;if(M(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+": "+e.reason.message,k(e.reason)}catch(t){return k(e.reason)}const r=k(e.reason);return r.message=t+": "+r?.message,r}function H(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new C(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return M(e.error)?e.error:k(e)}function M(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class D extends b{static featureName=P.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,P.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",((e,t)=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("ierr",[k(e),(0,S.t)(),!0,{},this.#r,t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),p.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[L(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),p.gm.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[H(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var K=i(8990);let U=1;const V="nr@id";function F(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===p.gm?0:(0,K.I)(e,V,(function(){return U++}))}var G=i(5475),B=i(8139),W=i(7836),z=i(3434);const q={},Z=["open","send"];function Y(t){var r=t||W.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||W.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(void 0===p.gm.XMLHttpRequest)return n;if(q[n.debugId]++)return n;q[n.debugId]=1,(0,B.u)(r);var i=(0,z.YM)(n),o=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=p.gm.MutationObserver,s=p.gm.Promise,c=p.gm.setInterval,u="readystatechange",d=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],f=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],a),r.addEventListener(u,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,d,"fn-",y)}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit("internal-error",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,Z,"-xhr-",y),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(g?g.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",h),a){var g=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===u||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var X="fetch-",Q=X+"body-",J=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],ee=p.gm.Request,te=p.gm.Response,re="prototype";const ne={};function ie(e){const t=function(e){return(e||W.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(ee&&te&&p.gm.fetch))return t;if(ne[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[W.P]&&o[W.P].dt&&(e=o[W.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return ne[t.debugId]=1,J.forEach((e=>{r(ee[re],e,Q),r(te[re],e,Q)})),r(p.gm,"fetch",X),t.on(X+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(X+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(X+"done",[e],n)})),t}var oe=i(7485),ae=i(5603);class se{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,ae.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof p.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,j.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,oe.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var ce=i(9300),ue=i(7295),de=["load","error","abort","timeout"],le=de.length,fe=(0,R.dV)().o.REQ,he=(0,R.dV)().o.XHR;class pe extends b{static featureName=ce.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,ce.T,t),this.dt=new se(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,x.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};p.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};ge(r,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ie(this.ee),Y(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=R,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){E(t,e)}),(0,A.jT)(!1)),p.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},ge(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=(0,G.Q)(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<le;s++)r.addEventListener(de[s],this.listener,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function u(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function d(e,t){var r=""+F(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=""+F(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,S.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof he&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function g(e,r){r instanceof he&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof he&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,S.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,S.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&p.RI&&(t=""+p.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:p.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,oe.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),e.length>1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof fe?r=i.url:p.gm?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),ge(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof fe&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=(0,G.Q)(n.body)||0}function w(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,S.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ue.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,S.t)()-this.startTime};r("xhr",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function R(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<le;t++)e.removeEventListener(de[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ue.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,S.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCaptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):E(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function E(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?(0,G.Q)(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?(0,G.Q)(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n&&(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");i&&((0,x.p)(O.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",i),t.on("open-xhr-start",o),t.on("open-xhr-end",s),t.on("send-xhr-start",c),t.on("xhr-cb-time",u),t.on("xhr-load-added",d),t.on("xhr-load-removed",l),t.on("xhr-resolved",f),t.on("addEventListener-end",h),t.on("removeEventListener-end",g),t.on("fn-end",v),t.on("fetch-before-start",b),t.on("fetch-start",y),t.on("fn-start",m),t.on("fetch-done",w)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function ge(e,t){var r=(0,oe.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const me={},ve=["pushState","replaceState"];function be(e){const t=function(e){return(e||W.ee).get("history")}(e);return!p.RI||me[t.debugId]++||(me[t.debugId]=1,(0,z.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,ve,"-")),t}var ye=i(3738);const{He:we,bD:Re,d3:xe,Kp:Ee,TZ:Ae,Lc:Te,uP:Se,Rz:Ne}=ye;class _e extends b{static featureName=Ae;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Ae,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;be(r),this.eventsEE=(0,B.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Se,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,S.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Te,(function(e,t){(0,x.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,S.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Ne+xe,(function(e){this.time=(0,S.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Ne+Ee,(function(e){(0,x.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,x.p)(we,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:Re,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var Oe=i(2614);class Ie extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(Oe.H3,"_").concat(Oe.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,g.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on("err",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,x.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.ERROR)||(0,g.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#u=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#u){this.#u=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(478),i.e(249)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee,agentRef:this.#o}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(Oe.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=Oe.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=Oe.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Pe=i(3962);class je extends b{static featureName=Pe.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,Pe.TZ,t),!p.RI||!(0,R.dV)().o.MO)return;const r=be(this.ee);Pe.tC.forEach((e=>{(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>{a(e)}),!0)}));const n=()=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[(0,S.t)(),""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);r.on("pushState-end",n),r.on("replaceState-end",n);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}(0,A.sp)("popstate",(e=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[e.timeStamp,""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let i=!1;const o=new((0,R.dV)().o.MO)(((e,t)=>{i||(i=!0,requestAnimationFrame((()=>{(0,x.p)("newDom",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),i=!1})))})),a=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("newUIEvent",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),o.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0})}),100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),o.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,{domObserver:o})}}var Ce=i(7378);const ke={},Le=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function He(e){const t=function(e){return(e||W.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!p.RI||ke[t.debugId])return t;ke[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,z.YM)(t),n=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,i=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,o=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function a(e,t){if(!e)return t;const r=e.match(o),n=r[1];return a(r[3],t[n])}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,Le,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var o=(s=e.src,c=s.match(n),c?c[1]:null);var s,c;if(!o)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(i);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:a(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(o);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function l(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function f(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}const Me={};function De(e){const t=function(e){return(e||W.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(Me[t.debugId])return t;Me[t.debugId]=!0;var r=t.context,n=(0,z.YM)(t),i=p.gm.Promise;return i&&function(){function e(r){var o=t.context(),a=n(r,"executor-",o,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(i,[a],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return o},s}p.gm.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return i.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,i),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=i.prototype;const o=i.prototype.then;i.prototype.then=function(...e){var i=this,a=r(i);a.promise=i,e[0]=n(e[0],"cb-",a,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"cb-",a,null,!1);const s=o.apply(this,e);return a.nextPromise=s,t.emit("propagate",[i,!0],s,!1,!1),s},i.prototype.then[z.Jt]=o,t.on("executor-start",(function(e){e[0]=n(e[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)})),t.on("executor-err",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on("cb-end",(function(e,r,n){t.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on("propagate",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx&&!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r&&r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const Ke={},Ue="setTimeout",Ve="setInterval",Fe="clearTimeout",Ge="-start",Be=[Ue,"setImmediate",Ve,Fe,"clearImmediate"];function We(e){const t=function(e){return(e||W.ee).get("timer")}(e);if(Ke[t.debugId]++)return t;Ke[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,z.YM)(t);return r.inPlace(p.gm,Be.slice(0,2),Ue+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Be.slice(2,3),Ve+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Be.slice(3),Fe+"-"),t.on(Ve+Ge,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",null,n)})),t.on(Ue+Ge,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",this,n)})),t}const ze={};function qe(e){const t=function(e){return(e||W.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!p.RI||ze[t.debugId])return t;ze[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,z.YM)(t),n=p.gm.MutationObserver;return n&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof n?new n(r(e,"fn-")):n.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=n.prototype),t}const{TZ:Ze,d3:Ye,Kp:Xe,$p:Qe,wW:$e,e5:Je,tH:et,uP:tt,rw:rt,Lc:nt}=Ce;class it extends b{static featureName=Ze;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,Ze,t),!p.RI)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let r,n=0;const i=this.ee.get("tracer"),o=He(this.ee),a=De(this.ee),s=We(this.ee),c=Y(this.ee),u=this.ee.get("events"),d=ie(this.ee),l=be(this.ee),f=qe(this.ee);function h(e,t){l.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function g(){n++,r=window.location.hash,this[tt]=(0,S.t)()}function m(){n--,window.location.hash!==r&&h(0,!0);var e=(0,S.t)();this[Je]=~~this[Je]+e-this[tt],this[nt]=e}function v(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,S.t)()}))}this.ee.on(tt,g),a.on(rt,g),o.on(rt,g),this.ee.on(nt,m),a.on($e,m),o.on($e,m),this.ee.on("fn-err",((...t)=>{t[2]?.__newrelic?.[e.agentIdentifier]||(0,x.p)("function-err",[...t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.buffer([tt,nt,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),u.buffer([tt],this.featureName),s.buffer(["setTimeout"+Xe,"clearTimeout"+Ye,tt],this.featureName),c.buffer([tt,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+Ye],this.featureName),d.buffer([et+Ye,et+"-done",et+Qe+Ye,et+Qe+Xe],this.featureName),l.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),f.buffer([tt],this.featureName),a.buffer(["propagate",rt,$e,"executor-err","resolve"+Ye],this.featureName),i.buffer([tt,"no-"+tt],this.featureName),o.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),v(d,et+Ye),v(d,et+"-done"),v(o,"new-jsonp"),v(o,"jsonp-end"),v(o,"cb-start"),l.on("pushState-end",h),l.on("replaceState-end",h),window.addEventListener("hashchange",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){h(0,n>1)}),(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var ot=i(3333);class at extends b{static featureName=ot.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,ot.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled,e.init.performance.resources.enabled];if(p.RI&&(e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(ot.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),ot.qN.forEach((e=>{const t=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),500,{leading:!0});(0,A.sp)(e,t)}))),e.init.performance.resources.enabled&&p.gm.PerformanceObserver?.supportedEntryTypes.includes("resource"))){new PerformanceObserver((e=>{e.getEntries().forEach((e=>{(0,x.p)("browserPerformance.resource",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}))})).observe({type:"resource",buffered:!0})}r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var st=i(993),ct=i(3785);class ut extends b{static featureName=st.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,st.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,ct.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t){super(),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,R.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(w),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[pe,w,N,_e,Ie,I,D,at,ut,je,it],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script> <meta name="title" content="Determining Pasture Yield"/> <meta name="keywords" content="agriculture, online education, workforce development"/> <meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"/> <title>Determining Pasture Yield</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="https://extension.psu.edu/static/version1739430570/_cache/merged/1cf91df062bb7bc9801e8a1d5ed44578.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" href="https://extension.psu.edu/static/version1739430570/_cache/merged/7976e8301b2dcad892e1910bbdb29d56.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="print" href="https://extension.psu.edu/static/version1739430570/frontend/BlueAcorn/site/en_US/css/print.min.css" /> <link rel="preload" as="font" crossorigin="anonymous" href="https://extension.psu.edu/static/version1739430570/frontend/BlueAcorn/site/en_US/fonts/Luma-Icons.woff2" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://extension.psu.edu/determining-pasture-yield/" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://extension.psu.edu/determining-pasture-yield" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://extension.psu.edu/media/favicon/stores/2/Favicon.png" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://extension.psu.edu/media/favicon/stores/2/Favicon.png" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="jG4FIBQg6f8wTpfP4xyiJCIDQq810Yv9VwMmAnbPvhQ" /> <meta name="p:domain_verify" content="rILRjFReWXR6YRgJW1gTyCXVFrzzeam2"/>  <script exclude-this-tag="text/x-magento-template"> (function() { window.__insp = window.__insp || []; __insp.push(['wid', 301749739]); var ldinsp = function(){ if(typeof window.__inspld != "undefined") return; window.__inspld = 1; var insp = document.createElement('script'); insp.type = 'text/javascript'; insp.async = true; insp.id = "inspsync"; insp.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https' : 'http') + '://cdn.inspectlet.com/inspectlet.js?wid=301749739&r=' + Math.floor(new Date().getTime()/3600000); var x = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; x.parentNode.insertBefore(insp, x); }; setTimeout(ldinsp, 0); })(); </script>  <script exclude-this-tag="text/x-magento-template" nonce="ajZ6enJpdjN0ZnBleDJtZGg3bmE4OWgxYWo3NDlxcDY="> window.getWpGA4Cookie = function(name) { match = document.cookie.match(new RegExp(name + '=([^;]+)')); if (match) return decodeURIComponent(match[1].replace(/\+/g, ' ')) ; }; window.ga4AllowServices = false; var isCookieRestrictionModeEnabled = 0, currentWebsiteId = 2, cookieRestrictionName = 'user_allowed_save_cookie'; if (isCookieRestrictionModeEnabled) { allowedCookies = window.getWpGA4Cookie(cookieRestrictionName); if (allowedCookies !== undefined) { allowedWebsites = JSON.parse(allowedCookies); if (allowedWebsites[currentWebsiteId] === 1) { window.ga4AllowServices = true; } } } else { window.ga4AllowServices = true; }</script>  <script nonce="ajZ6enJpdjN0ZnBleDJtZGg3bmE4OWgxYWo3NDlxcDY=" exclude-this-tag="text/x-magento-template"> if (window.ga4AllowServices) {(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K7J6VNH');}</script>  <script exclude-this-tag="text/x-magento-template" nonce="ajZ6enJpdjN0ZnBleDJtZGg3bmE4OWgxYWo3NDlxcDY="> if (window.ga4AllowServices) { window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; var dl4Objects = [{"pageName":"Determining Pasture Yield","pageType":"product","ecommerce":{"currency":"USD","value":0.5,"items":[{"item_name":"Determining Pasture Yield","affiliation":"Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension","item_id":"4424","price":0.5,"item_category":"Forage and Food Crops","item_list_name":"Forage and Food Crops","item_list_id":"43","item_stock_status":"Out of stock","item_sale_product":"No","item_reviews_count":"0","item_reviews_score":"0"}]},"event":"view_item"},{"ecommerce":{"items":[{"item_name":"The Penn State Agronomy Guide","affiliation":"Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension","item_id":"5858","price":15,"item_category":"Forage and Food Crops","category":"Forage and Food Crops","item_list_name":"Related Products From Determining Pasture Yield","item_list_id":"related_products","index":1},{"item_name":"Grain Drill Calibration","affiliation":"Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension","item_id":"27229","price":0,"item_category":"Forage and Food Crops","category":"Forage and Food Crops","item_list_name":"Related Products From Determining Pasture Yield","item_list_id":"related_products","index":2},{"item_name":"How Do I Know When it's Time to Harvest my Corn for Silage?","affiliation":"Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension","item_id":"21145","price":0,"item_category":"Forage and Food Crops","category":"Forage and Food Crops","item_list_name":"Related Products From Determining Pasture Yield","item_list_id":"related_products","index":3},{"item_name":"Orchardgrass","affiliation":"Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension","item_id":"3325","price":0.75,"item_category":"Forage and Food Crops","category":"Forage and Food Crops","item_list_name":"Related Products From Determining Pasture Yield","item_list_id":"related_products","index":4},{"item_name":"Smooth Bromegrass","affiliation":"Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension","item_id":"3328","price":0.75,"item_category":"Forage and Food Crops","category":"Forage and Food Crops","item_list_name":"Related Products From Determining Pasture Yield","item_list_id":"related_products","index":5},{"item_name":"From Harvest to Feed: Understanding Silage Management","affiliation":"Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension","item_id":"10512","price":4.45,"item_category":"Animals and Livestock","category":"Animals and Livestock","item_list_name":"Related Products From Determining Pasture Yield","item_list_id":"related_products","index":6},{"item_name":"Western PA Nitrogen Trial- What We Learned from Second Harvest","affiliation":"Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension","item_id":"63649","price":0,"item_category":"Forage and Food Crops","category":"Forage and Food Crops","item_list_name":"Related Products From Determining Pasture Yield","item_list_id":"related_products","index":7},{"item_name":"Red Clover","affiliation":"Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension","item_id":"3326","price":1,"item_category":"Forage and Food Crops","category":"Forage and Food Crops","item_list_name":"Related Products From Determining Pasture Yield","item_list_id":"related_products","index":8},{"item_name":"White Clover","affiliation":"Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension","item_id":"3334","price":1,"item_category":"Forage and Food Crops","category":"Forage and Food Crops","item_list_name":"Related Products From Determining Pasture Yield","item_list_id":"related_products","index":9},{"item_name":"Tips For Preventing Pasture Bloat","affiliation":"Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension","item_id":"3383","price":0,"item_category":"Forage and Food Crops","category":"Forage and Food Crops","item_list_name":"Related Products From Determining Pasture Yield","item_list_id":"related_products","index":10}],"item_list_id":"related_products","item_list_name":"Related Products From Determining Pasture Yield"},"event":"view_item_list"}]; for (var i in dl4Objects) { window.dataLayer.push({ecommerce: null}); window.dataLayer.push(dl4Objects[i]); } var wpGA4Cookies = ['wp_ga4_user_id','wp_ga4_customerGroup']; wpGA4Cookies.map(function (cookieName) { var cookieValue = window.getWpGA4Cookie(cookieName); if (cookieValue) { var dl4Object = {}; dl4Object[cookieName.replace('wp_ga4_', '')] = cookieValue; window.dataLayer.push(dl4Object); } }); }</script> <link rel="prefetch" as="script" href="https://extension.psu.edu/static/version1739430570/frontend/BlueAcorn/site/en_US/magepack/bundle-common.min.js"/> <link rel="prefetch" as="script" href="https://extension.psu.edu/static/version1739430570/frontend/BlueAcorn/site/en_US/magepack/bundle-product.min.js"/> <meta property="og:type" content="product" /><meta property="og:title" content="Determining Pasture Yield" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/5/c58adba14cd2457049ec6fc0968fff3c.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=265&width=265&canvas=265:265" /><meta property="og:description" content="Direct and indirect methods of determining pasture yield." /><meta property="og:url" content="https://extension.psu.edu/determining-pasture-yield" /> <meta property="product:price:amount" content="0.5"/> <meta property="product:price:currency" content="USD"/> </head><body data-container="body" data-mage-init='{"loaderAjax": {}, "loader": { "icon": "https://extension.psu.edu/static/version1739430570/frontend/BlueAcorn/site/en_US/images/loader-2.gif"}}' id="html-body" class="page-product-downloadable catalog-product-view--article wp-sl catalog-product-view product-determining-pasture-yield page-layout-category-full-width">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-K7J6VNH" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <div class="cookie-status-message" id="cookie-status">The store will not work correctly when cookies are disabled.</div> <noscript><div class="message global noscript"><div class="content"><p><strong>JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser.</strong> <span> For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser.</span></p></div></div></noscript> <form style="display:none;" class="form" action="https://extension.psu.edu/sociallogin/account/loginPost/" method="post" id="sociallogin-form" data-mage-init='{"validation":{}}' ><input name="form_key" type="hidden" value="RMFNIalX9Lf92s7n" /> <input id="sociallogin-referer" name="referer" type="hidden" value="" /><input name="sociallogin-checkout" type="hidden" value="" /><input id="sociallogin-submit" type="submit" value="" /></form><div class="page-wrapper"><div class="page-before-header"> </div><header class="page-header"><div class="header content"> <a class="action skip contentarea" href="#contentarea"><span> Skip to Content</span></a> <a class="logo" href="https://extension.psu.edu/" title="Penn State Extension" aria-label="store logo"><img src="https://extension.psu.edu/static/version1739430570/frontend/BlueAcorn/site/en_US/images/logo.svg" title="Penn State Extension" alt="Penn State Extension" height="52" width="251" /><img src="https://extension.psu.edu/static/version1739430570/frontend/BlueAcorn/site/en_US/images/print/logo.svg" title="Penn State Extension" alt="Penn State Extension" class="print" style="display: none" loading="lazy" height="52" width="251" /></a> <span data-action="toggle-nav" class="action nav-toggle"><span>Menu</span></span> <nav aria-labelledby="mainmenulabel" class="main-menu" style="display: none;" data-mage-init='{"mainMenu":{}}'><div class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title main-menu-title">Browse by Category <div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"><ul class="main-menu__list" role="menu"> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-3" >Animals and Livestock</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Animals and Livestock</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-3"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/dairy" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-6" >Dairy</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Dairy</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-6"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/dairy" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/dairy/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-9" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/dairy/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-12" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/dairy/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-15" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/dairy/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-18" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/dairy/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-21" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/dairy/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-24" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/dairy/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-27" >Personal Safety </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/dairy/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-30" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/poultry" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-54" >Poultry</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Poultry</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-54"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/poultry" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/poultry/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-57" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/poultry/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-60" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/poultry/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-63" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/poultry/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-66" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/poultry/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-69" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/poultry/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-72" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/poultry/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-75" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/poultry/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-78" >Personal Safety </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/poultry/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-81" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/beef-cattle" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-102" >Beef Cattle</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Beef Cattle</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-102"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/beef-cattle" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/beef-cattle/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-105" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/beef-cattle/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-108" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/beef-cattle/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-111" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/beef-cattle/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-114" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/beef-cattle/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-117" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/beef-cattle/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-120" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/beef-cattle/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-123" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/beef-cattle/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-126" >Personal Safety </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/beef-cattle/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-129" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-150" >Equine</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Equine</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-150"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/pasture-and-environment-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-153" >Pasture and Environment Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-156" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-159" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-162" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-165" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-168" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-171" >Personal Safety </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-174" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-195" >Swine</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Swine</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-195"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-198" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-201" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-204" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-207" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-210" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-213" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-216" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-219" >Personal Safety </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-222" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-243" >Goats</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Goats</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-243"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-246" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-249" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-252" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-255" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-258" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-261" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-264" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-267" >Personal Safety </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-270" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-291" >Sheep</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Sheep</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-291"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-294" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-297" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-300" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-303" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-306" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-309" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-312" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-315" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-318" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-339" >Llamas and Alpacas</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Llamas and Alpacas</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-339"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-348" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-351" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-357" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-360" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-366" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2608" >Canine</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Canine</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2608"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2611" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/behavior-and-welfare" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2614" >Behavior and Welfare</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2617" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2620" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-387" >Forage and Food Crops </a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Forage and Food Crops </span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-387"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-390" >Agronomic Crops</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Agronomic Crops</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-390"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-393" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-396" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-399" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-402" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-405" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-408" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-411" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-414" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-417" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-438" >Cover Crops</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Cover Crops</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-438"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-441" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-444" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-447" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-450" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-453" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-456" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-459" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-462" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-465" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-483" >Forages</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Forages</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-483"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-486" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-489" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-492" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/forage-quality-and-testing" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-495" >Forage Quality and Testing</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-498" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-501" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-504" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-507" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-510" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-513" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-537" >Fruit</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Fruit</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-537"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-540" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/cultivars-and-rootstocks" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-543" >Cultivars and Rootstocks</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-546" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-549" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-552" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-555" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-558" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-561" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-564" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-636" >Mushrooms</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Mushrooms</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-636"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-639" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/substrate-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-645" >Substrate Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-648" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/food-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-651" >Food Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-657" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-585" >Vegetables</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Vegetables</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-585"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-588" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-591" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-594" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-597" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-600" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-603" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-606" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-609" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-612" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-675" >Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-675"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2431" >Aquatic Plants and Algae</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Aquatic Plants and Algae</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2431"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-828" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-831" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-837" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/christmas-trees" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2434" >Christmas Trees</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Christmas Trees</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2434"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/christmas-trees" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/christmas-trees/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-909" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/christmas-trees/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-915" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/christmas-trees/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-927" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2425" >Home Gardening</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Home Gardening</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2425"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening/planting-and-growing" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-861" >Planting and Growing</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-864" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening/soil-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-867" >Soil Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-870" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-873" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening/eco-friendly-gardening" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-876" >Eco-Friendly Gardening</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening/pollination-and-bees" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-879" >Pollination and Bees</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening/landscaping-for-wildlife" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-882" >Landscaping for Wildlife</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening/animal-control" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-885" >Animal Control</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/ornamentals-and-floriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2437" >Ornamentals and Floriculture</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Ornamentals and Floriculture</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2437"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/ornamentals-and-floriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/ornamentals-and-floriculture/production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-786" >Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/ornamentals-and-floriculture/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-789" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/ornamentals-and-floriculture/soil-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-792" >Soil Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/ornamentals-and-floriculture/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-795" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/ornamentals-and-floriculture/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-798" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/ornamentals-and-floriculture/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-801" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/ornamentals-and-floriculture/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-804" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/trees-and-shrubs" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-678" >Trees and Shrubs</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Trees and Shrubs</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-678"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/trees-and-shrubs" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/trees-and-shrubs/production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-681" >Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/trees-and-shrubs/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-684" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/trees-and-shrubs/soil-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-687" >Soil Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/trees-and-shrubs/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-690" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/trees-and-shrubs/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-693" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/trees-and-shrubs/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-699" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/trees-and-shrubs/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-702" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/turfgrass-and-lawn-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-729" >Turfgrass and Lawn Care</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Turfgrass and Lawn Care</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-729"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/turfgrass-and-lawn-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/turfgrass-and-lawn-care/species-and-cultivars" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-732" >Species and Cultivars</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/turfgrass-and-lawn-care/establishment-and-renovation" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-735" >Establishment and Renovation</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/turfgrass-and-lawn-care/fertility-and-soil-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-738" >Fertility and Soil Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/turfgrass-and-lawn-care/cultural-practices" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-741" >Cultural Practices</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/turfgrass-and-lawn-care/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-744" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/turfgrass-and-lawn-care/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-747" >Weed Identification and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/turfgrass-and-lawn-care/athletic-fields-and-sports-turf" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-753" >Athletic Fields and Sports Turf</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/turfgrass-and-lawn-care/golf-course-turf" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-756" >Golf Course Turf</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/turfgrass-and-lawn-care/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-762" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/turfgrass-and-lawn-care/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-765" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-948" >Insects, Pests, and Diseases</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Insects, Pests, and Diseases</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-948"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pest-disease-and-weed-identification" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-951" >Pest, Disease and Weed Identification</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Pest, Disease and Weed Identification</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-951"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pest-disease-and-weed-identification" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pest-disease-and-weed-identification/insect-identification-and-control" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-954" >Insect Identification and Control</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pest-disease-and-weed-identification/weed-identification-and-control" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-957" >Weed Identification and Control</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pest-disease-and-weed-identification/plant-disease-identification-and-control" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-960" >Plant Disease Identification and Control</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pesticide-applicators" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-984" >Pesticide Applicators</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Pesticide Applicators</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-984"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pesticide-applicators" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pesticide-applicators/certification-and-study-materials" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-987" >Certification and Study Materials</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pesticide-applicators/recertification" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-990" >Recertification</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pesticide-applicators/resources-and-best-practices" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-993" >Resources and Best Practices</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pest-management-and-education" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1005" >Pest Management and Education</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Pest Management and Education</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1005"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pest-management-and-education" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pest-management-and-education/agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1008" >Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pest-management-and-education/public-homeowners" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1011" >Public/Homeowners</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pest-management-and-education/educators-and-teachers" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1014" >Educators and Teachers</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pollinators" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1044" >Pollinators</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Pollinators</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1044"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pollinators" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pollinators/beekeeping" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1047" >Beekeeping</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pollinators/habitat-and-landscape" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1050" >Habitat and Landscape</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pollinators/identification-and-biology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1053" >Identification and Biology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pollinators/pesticides" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1056" >Pesticides</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pollinators/pollination-services" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1059" >Pollination Services</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/vectors" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2493" >Vectors</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Vectors</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2493"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/vectors" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/vectors/tick-identification-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2496" >Tick Identification and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/vectors/mosquito-identification-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2499" >Mosquito Identification and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/vectors/vector-borne-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2502" >Vector-Borne Diseases</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-1077" >Forests and Wildlife</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Forests and Wildlife</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-1077"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forest-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2440" >Forest Management</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Forest Management</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2440"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forest-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forest-management/management-practices" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1083" >Management Practices</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forest-management/invasive-and-competing-plants" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1086" >Invasive and Competing Plants</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forest-management/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1089" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forest-management/legacy-planning" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1095" >Legacy Planning</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forestry-business-and-economics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2443" >Forestry Business and Economics</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Forestry Business and Economics</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2443"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forestry-business-and-economics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forestry-business-and-economics/agroforestry" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2446" >Agroforestry</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forestry-business-and-economics/county-forest-economic-data" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2467" >County Forest Economic Data</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forestry-business-and-economics/policy-and-ordinances" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2470" >Policy and Ordinances</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forestry-business-and-economics/timber-market-report" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1122" >Timber Market Report</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forest-products" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1152" >Forest Products</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Forest Products</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1152"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forest-products" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forest-products/biofuels" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2449" >Biofuels</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forest-products/botanicals" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2452" >Botanicals</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forest-products/maple-syrup" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2455" >Maple Syrup</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forest-products/wood-products" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1155" >Wood Products</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/urban-forestry" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1974" >Urban Forestry</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Urban Forestry</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1974"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/urban-forestry" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/urban-forestry/community-forest-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2481" >Community Forest Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/urban-forestry/tree-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2484" >Tree Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/urban-forestry/tree-selection-and-planting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2487" >Tree Selection and Planting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/urban-forestry/municipal-stormwater-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2490" >Municipal Stormwater Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/wildlife" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1185" >Wildlife</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Wildlife</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1185"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/wildlife" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/wildlife/habitat-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1188" >Habitat Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/wildlife/wildlife-ecology-and-conservation" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1194" >Wildlife Ecology and Conservation</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/wildlife/wildlife-nuisance-and-damage" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1197" >Wildlife Nuisance and Damage</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-1218" >Food Safety and Quality</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Food Safety and Quality</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-1218"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/commercial-food-processing" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1221" >Commercial Food Processing</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Commercial Food Processing</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1221"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/commercial-food-processing" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/commercial-food-processing/good-manufacturing-practices" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1224" >Good Manufacturing Practices</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/commercial-food-processing/regulations" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1227" >Regulations</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/commercial-food-processing/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1230" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/dairy-food-processing" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1254" >Dairy Food Processing</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Dairy Food Processing</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1254"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/dairy-food-processing" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/dairy-food-processing/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1257" >Business Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/dairy-food-processing/production-and-processing" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1260" >Production and Processing</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/dairy-food-processing/regulations" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1263" >Regulations</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/dairy-food-processing/safety-and-sanitation" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1266" >Safety and Sanitation</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/farm-food-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1281" >Farm Food Safety</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Farm Food Safety</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1281"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/farm-food-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/farm-food-safety/good-agricultural-practices" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1284" >Good Agricultural Practices</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/farm-food-safety/regulations" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1287" >Regulations</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/food-service-and-retail" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1311" >Food Service and Retail</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Food Service and Retail</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1311"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/food-service-and-retail" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/food-service-and-retail/food-service-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1314" >Food Service Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/food-service-and-retail/regulations" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1317" >Regulations</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/food-service-and-retail/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1320" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/home-food-preservation-and-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1344" >Home Food Preservation and Safety</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Home Food Preservation and Safety</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1344"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/home-food-preservation-and-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/home-food-preservation-and-safety/food-preservation" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1347" >Food Preservation</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/home-food-preservation-and-safety/food-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1350" >Food Safety</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/grape-and-wine-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1374" >Grape and Wine Production</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Grape and Wine Production</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1374"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/grape-and-wine-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/grape-and-wine-production/grape-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1377" >Grape Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/grape-and-wine-production/wine-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1380" >Wine Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/grape-and-wine-production/business-management-and-marketing" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1383" >Business Management and Marketing</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/beer-hard-cider-and-distilled-spirits" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1404" >Beer, Hard Cider, and Distilled Spirits</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Beer, Hard Cider, and Distilled Spirits</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1404"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/beer-hard-cider-and-distilled-spirits" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/beer-hard-cider-and-distilled-spirits/production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1407" >Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/beer-hard-cider-and-distilled-spirits/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1413" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-1434" >Water</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Water</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-1434"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/drinking-and-residential-water" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1437" >Drinking and Residential Water</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Drinking and Residential Water</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1437"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/drinking-and-residential-water" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/drinking-and-residential-water/water-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1440" >Water Quality </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/drinking-and-residential-water/supply-and-conservation" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1443" >Supply and Conservation</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/drinking-and-residential-water/maintenance-and-treatment" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1446" >Maintenance and Treatment</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/drinking-and-residential-water/testing-and-interpretation" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1449" >Testing and Interpretation</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/pond-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1470" >Pond Management</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Pond Management</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1470"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/pond-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/pond-management/water-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1473" >Water Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/pond-management/pond-maintenance" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1476" >Pond Maintenance</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/pond-management/aquatic-plants-and-algae" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1479" >Aquatic Plants and Algae</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/pond-management/fisheries-wildlife-and-ecology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1482" >Fisheries, Wildlife, and Ecology</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/urban-and-residential-stormwater" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1506" >Urban and Residential Stormwater</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Urban and Residential Stormwater</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1506"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/urban-and-residential-stormwater" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/urban-and-residential-stormwater/water-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1509" >Water Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/urban-and-residential-stormwater/flood-control" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1512" >Flood Control</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/urban-and-residential-stormwater/design-construction-and-maintenance" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1515" >Design, Construction, and Maintenance</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/wastewater-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1539" >Wastewater Management</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Wastewater Management</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1539"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/wastewater-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/wastewater-management/private-septic-systems" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1542" >Private Septic Systems</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/wastewater-management/industrial" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1545" >Industrial</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/water-for-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1566" >Water for Agriculture</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Water for Agriculture</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1566"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/water-for-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/water-for-agriculture/conservation-practices" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1569" >Conservation Practices</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/water-for-agriculture/irrigation-water" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1572" >Irrigation Water</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/water-for-agriculture/livestock-drinking-water" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1575" >Livestock Drinking Water</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/water-for-agriculture/nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1578" >Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/watershed-protection-and-restoration" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1602" >Watershed Protection and Restoration</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Watershed Protection and Restoration</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1602"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/watershed-protection-and-restoration" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/watershed-protection-and-restoration/streams-and-rivers" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1605" >Streams and Rivers</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/watershed-protection-and-restoration/water-quality-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1608" >Water Quality and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/watershed-protection-and-restoration/watershed-education" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1611" >Watershed Education</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/conservation-practices-and-training" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2596" >Conservation Practices and Training</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Conservation Practices and Training</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2596"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/conservation-practices-and-training" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/conservation-practices-and-training/ag-literacy" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2599" >Ag Literacy</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/conservation-practices-and-training/conservation-practices" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2602" >Conservation Practices</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/conservation-practices-and-training/administration-and-funding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2605" >Administration and Funding</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/energy" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-1623" >Energy </a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Energy </span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-1623"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/energy" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/energy/marcellus-shale-and-natural-gas" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1626" >Marcellus Shale and Natural Gas</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Marcellus Shale and Natural Gas</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1626"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/energy/marcellus-shale-and-natural-gas" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/energy/marcellus-shale-and-natural-gas/landowner-leasing-and-royalties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1629" >Landowner Leasing and Royalties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/energy/marcellus-shale-and-natural-gas/economic-and-business-impacts" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2458" >Economic and Business Impacts</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/energy/marcellus-shale-and-natural-gas/environmental-impacts" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1632" >Environmental Impacts</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/energy/marcellus-shale-and-natural-gas/municipality-and-government-impacts" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1635" >Municipality and Government Impacts</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/energy/renewable-and-alternative-energy" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1662" >Renewable and Alternative Energy</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Renewable and Alternative Energy</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1662"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/energy/renewable-and-alternative-energy" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/energy/renewable-and-alternative-energy/biofuels" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2461" >Biofuels</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/energy/renewable-and-alternative-energy/energy-use-and-efficiency" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1665" >Energy Use and Efficiency</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/energy/renewable-and-alternative-energy/renewable-energy-resources" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1671" >Renewable Energy Resources</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-1692" >Business and Operations</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Business and Operations</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-1692"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/starting-a-farm" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1695" >Starting a Farm</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Starting a Farm</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1695"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/starting-a-farm" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/starting-a-farm/exploring-farming" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1701" >Exploring Farming</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/starting-a-farm/starting-a-business" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1704" >Starting a Business</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/starting-a-farm/introduction-to-agronomy" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1707" >Introduction to Agronomy</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/starting-a-farm/introduction-to-horticulture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1710" >Introduction to Horticulture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/starting-a-farm/introduction-to-livestock" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1713" >Introduction to Livestock</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1737" >Business Management</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Business Management</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1737"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/business-management/business-growth" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2464" >Business Growth</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/business-management/financial-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1740" >Financial</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/business-management/marketing" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1746" >Marketing and Sales</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/business-management/insurance" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1749" >Risk Management and Insurance</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/business-management/transition-and-succession-planning" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1755" >Transition and Succession Planning</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/human-resources" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1776" >Human Resources</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Human Resources</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1776"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/human-resources" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/human-resources/labor-relations" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1779" >Labor Relations</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/human-resources/professional-development" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1785" >Professional Development</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/human-resources/volunteer-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1788" >Volunteer Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/human-resources/workforce-development" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1791" >Workforce Development</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/land-and-equipment" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1803" >Land and Equipment</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Land and Equipment</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1803"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/land-and-equipment" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/land-and-equipment/acquisition-and-leasing" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1806" >Acquisition and Leasing</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/land-and-equipment/emerging-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1809" >Emerging Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/land-and-equipment/maintenance" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1812" >Maintenance</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/farm-markets" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1827" >Farm Markets</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Farm Markets</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1827"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/farm-markets" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/farm-markets/getting-started" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1830" >Getting Started</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/farm-markets/management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1833" >Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/farm-markets/marketing" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1836" >Marketing</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/farm-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1848" >Farm Safety</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Farm Safety</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1848"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/farm-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/farm-safety/animal-handling" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1851" >Animal Handling</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/farm-safety/farm-emergency-training" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1854" >Farm Emergency Training</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/farm-safety/farm-equipment-and-structures" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1857" >Farm Equipment and Structures</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/farm-safety/protective-gear" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1860" >Protective Gear</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/farm-safety/youth-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1863" >Youth Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/farm-safety/disaster-preparedness" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1866" >Disaster Preparedness</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/farm-safety/agrability" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1869" >AgrAbility</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/community-development" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-1893" >Community Development</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Community Development</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-1893"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/community-development" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/community-development/community-planning-and-engagement" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1896" >Community Planning and Engagement</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Community Planning and Engagement</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1896"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/community-development/community-planning-and-engagement" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/community-development/community-planning-and-engagement/broadband" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1899" >Broadband</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/community-development/community-planning-and-engagement/community-development" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1902" >Community Development</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/community-development/community-planning-and-engagement/leadership" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1905" >Leadership</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/community-development/community-planning-and-engagement/local-government" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1908" >Local Government</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/community-development/community-planning-and-engagement/volunteer-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1911" >Volunteer Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/community-development/economic-development" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1932" >Economic Development</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Economic Development</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1932"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/community-development/economic-development" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/community-development/economic-development/see-all-economic-development" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1935" >See All Economic Development</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/community-development/land-use" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1953" >Land Use</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Land Use</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1953"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/community-development/land-use" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/community-development/land-use/see-all-land-use" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1959" >See All Land Use</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/youth-family-and-health" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-1995" >Youth, Family, and Health</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Youth, Family, and Health</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-1995"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/youth-family-and-health" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/youth-family-and-health/nutrition-diet-and-health" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1998" >Nutrition, Diet, and Health</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Nutrition, Diet, and Health</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1998"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/youth-family-and-health/nutrition-diet-and-health" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/youth-family-and-health/nutrition-diet-and-health/chronic-disease" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2004" >Chronic Disease</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/youth-family-and-health/nutrition-diet-and-health/food-allergies" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2007" >Food Allergies</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/youth-family-and-health/nutrition-diet-and-health/fitness-and-exercise" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2010" >Fitness and Exercise</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/youth-family-and-health/nutrition-diet-and-health/mental-health" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2475" >Mental Health</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/youth-family-and-health/nutrition-diet-and-health/nutrition-and-food" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2001" >Nutrition and Food</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/youth-family-and-health/children-and-families" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2064" >Children and Families</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Children and Families</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2064"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/youth-family-and-health/children-and-families" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/youth-family-and-health/children-and-families/early-childhood-care-and-education" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2067" >Early Childhood Care and Education</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/youth-family-and-health/children-and-families/family-resiliency" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2073" >Family Resiliency</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/youth-family-and-health/children-and-families/financial-wellness-and-literacy" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2621" >Financial Wellness and Literacy</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/youth-family-and-health/children-and-families/substance-use-education" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2070" >Substance Use Education</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/programs/4-h" data-menu="menu-2477" class="main-menu__inner-link" >4-H Youth Development</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  menu-section-title level0"><div data-role="title" class="top-level-title"> <a href="#" data-menu="menu-2382" class="main-menu__link" >Browse All by Education Format</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Browse All by Education Format</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item level0"><div data-role="title" class="top-level-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/education-format/articles" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-2387" >Articles</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Articles</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item level0"><div data-role="title" class="top-level-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/education-format/conferences" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-2390" >Conferences</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Conferences</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item level0"><div data-role="title" class="top-level-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/education-format/publications" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-2399" >Guides and Publications</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Guides and Publications</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item level0"><div data-role="title" class="top-level-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/education-format/news" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-2393" >News</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>News</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item level0"><div data-role="title" class="top-level-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/education-format/online-courses" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-2396" >Online Courses</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Online Courses</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item level0"><div data-role="title" class="top-level-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/education-format/tools-and-apps" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-2473" >Tools and Apps</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Tools and Apps</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item level0"><div data-role="title" class="top-level-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/education-format/videos" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-2402" >Videos</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Videos</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item level0"><div data-role="title" class="top-level-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/education-format/webinars" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-2405" >Webinars</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Webinars</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item level0"><div data-role="title" class="top-level-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/education-format/workshops" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-2408" >Workshops</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Workshops</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></nav> <div class="block block-search"><div class="block block-title"><strong>Search</strong></div><div class="block block-content"><form id="minisearch-form-top-search" class="form minisearch" action="https://extension.psu.edu/catalogsearch/result/" method="get" ><div class="field search"><label class="label" for="minisearch-input-top-search" data-role="minisearch-label"><span>Search</span></label> <div class="control"><input id="minisearch-input-top-search" type="text" name="q" value="" placeholder="" class="input-text" maxlength="128" role="combobox" aria-haspopup="false" aria-autocomplete="both" aria-expanded="false" autocomplete="off" data-block="autocomplete-form" data-mage-init="{"quickSearch":{"formSelector":"#minisearch-form-top-search","url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/search\/ajax\/suggest\/","destinationSelector":"#minisearch-autocomplete-top-search","templates":{"term":{"title":"Search terms","template":"Smile_ElasticsuiteCore\/autocomplete\/term"},"product":{"title":"Education","template":"Smile_ElasticsuiteCatalog\/autocomplete\/product"},"category":{"title":"Categories","template":"Smile_ElasticsuiteCatalog\/autocomplete\/category"},"product_attribute":{"title":"Attributes","template":"Smile_ElasticsuiteCatalog\/autocomplete\/product-attribute","titleRenderer":"Smile_ElasticsuiteCatalog\/js\/autocomplete\/product-attribute"},"cms_page":{"title":"Pages","template":"Smile_ElasticsuiteCms\/autocomplete\/cms"}},"priceFormat":{"pattern":"$%s","precision":2,"requiredPrecision":2,"decimalSymbol":".","groupSymbol":",","groupLength":3,"integerRequired":false},"minSearchLength":"2"}}" /><div id="minisearch-autocomplete-top-search" class="search-autocomplete"></div></div></div><div class="actions"><button type="submit" title="Search" class="action search" ><span>Search</span></button></div></form></div></div> <div class="account-dropdown"><span data-mage-init='{"dropdown":{}}' data-toggle="dropdown" class="action toggle" data-action="customer-menu-toggle" aria-label="Toggle Account Menu" role="button" ><span class="label">Account</span></span> <ul data-target="dropdown" class="dropdown-options dropdown" data-bind="scope: 'customHeaderComponent'" aria-label="Account Menu"></ul></div> <div data-block="minicart" class="minicart-wrapper is-slide"><a class="action showcart" href="https://extension.psu.edu/checkout/cart/" data-bind="scope: 'minicart_content'"><span class="text">Cart</span> <span class="counter qty empty" data-bind="css: { empty: !!getCartParam('summary_count') == false && !isLoading() }, blockLoader: isLoading"><span class="counter-number"></span> <span class="counter-label"></span></span></a> <div class="block block-minicart" data-role="dropdownDialog" data-mage-init='{"dropdownDialog":{ "appendTo":"[data-block=minicart]", "triggerTarget":".showcart", "timeout": "2000", "closeOnMouseLeave": false, "closeOnEscape": true, "triggerClass":"active", "bodyClass": "minicart-opened show-overlay", "parentClass":"active", "buttons":[], "ariaLabel": "Shopping Cart" }}'><div id="minicart-content-wrapper" class="minicart-content-wrapper" data-bind="scope: 'minicart_content'"></div></div> </div></div></header><div class="top-container"> </div> <nav class="breadcrumbs" aria-label="Breadcrumb"><ul class="items"> <li class="item home"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/" title="Go to Home Page">Home</a> </li> <li class="item product"> <strong>Determining Pasture Yield</strong> </li> </ul></nav> <div class="widget block block-static-block"><div data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-decoded="true"><style> @media print { .noprint { display: none !important; } } </style></div></div> <div class="widget block block-static-block"><div data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-decoded="true"><style> @media print { .noprint { display: none !important; } } </style></div></div><div class="page-main"><div class="page messages"> <div data-placeholder="messages"></div> <div data-bind="scope: 'messages'"><div aria-atomic="true" role="alert" class="messages" data-bind="foreach: { data: cookieMessagesObservable(), as: 'message' }"><div data-bind="attr: { class: 'message-' + message.type + ' ' + message.type + ' message', 'data-ui-id': 'message-' + message.type }"><div data-bind="html: $parent.prepareMessageForHtml(message.text)"></div></div></div><div aria-atomic="true" role="alert" class="messages" data-bind="foreach: { data: messages().messages, as: 'message' }, afterRender: purgeMessages"><div data-bind="attr: { class: 'message-' + message.type + ' ' + message.type + ' message', 'data-ui-id': 'message-' + message.type }"><div data-bind="html: $parent.prepareMessageForHtml(message.text)"></div></div></div></div></div></div><main id="maincontent" class="page-main"> <a id="contentarea" tabindex="-1"></a><div class="columns"><div class="column main"> <div id="ajaxlogin-popup" data-bind="scope:'ajaxLogin'" style="display: none;"></div><input name="form_key" type="hidden" value="RMFNIalX9Lf92s7n" /> <div id="authenticationPopup" data-bind="scope:'authenticationPopup', style: {display: 'none'}">  </div> <div class="product-info-main"> <div class="product-type" > <span class="type-label"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</span> </div> <div class="page-title-wrapper product"><h1 class="page-title" ><span class="base" data-ui-id="page-title-wrapper" itemprop="name">Determining Pasture Yield</span></h1></div> <div class="product attribute overview"> <div class="value" itemprop="description">Direct and indirect methods of determining pasture yield.</div></div><div class="product-info-actions__wrapper"><div class="product-info-actions"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/downloadable/download/sample/sample_id/96451/" class="product-info-action download">Download</a> <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="product-info-action wishlist" data-post='{"action":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/wishlist\/index\/add\/","data":{"product":4424,"uenc":"aHR0cHM6Ly9leHRlbnNpb24ucHN1LmVkdS9kZXRlcm1pbmluZy1wYXN0dXJlLXlpZWxk"}}' data-action="add-to-wishlist"><span>Save for later</span></a> <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="print-action product-info-action print" data-mage-init='{"Magento_Theme/js/print-action":{}}'><span> Print </span></a> <ul class="product-share-icons"> <li class="text">Share</li> <li> <a class="facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?s=100&p[url]=https%3A%2F%2Fextension.psu.edu%2Fdetermining-pasture-yield&p[images][0]=https%3A%2F%2Fextension.psu.edu%2Fmedia%2Fcatalog%2Fproduct%2Fc%2F5%2Fc58adba14cd2457049ec6fc0968fff3c.jpeg%3Fwidth%3D700%26height%3D560%26canvas%3D700%2C560%26quality%3D80%26bg-color%3D255%2C255%2C255%26fit%3Dbounds&p[title]=Determining+Pasture+Yield&p[summary]=Direct+and+indirect+methods+of+determining+pasture+yield." target="_blank" title="Share on Facebook"></a></li> <li> <a class="twitter" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Determining+Pasture+Yield&url=https%3A%2F%2Fextension.psu.edu%2Fdetermining-pasture-yield" target="_blank" title="Share on X" ></a></li> <li> <a class="linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://extension.psu.edu/determining-pasture-yield" target="_blank" title="Share on LinkedIn"></a></li> </ul></div> <div class="product attribute updated-at"> <strong class="type">Updated:</strong> <div class="value" >July 9, 2024</div></div></div></div><div class="product-content__wrapper"><div class="product-description__wrapper"> <div class="product media"> <a id="gallery-prev-area" tabindex="-1"></a><div class="action-skip-wrapper"> <a class="action skip gallery-next-area" href="#gallery-next-area"><span> Skip to the end of the images gallery</span></a></div> <div class="gallery-placeholder _block-content-loading fotorama-disabled" data-gallery-role="gallery-placeholder"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-4424-67b656886fb50"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/5/c58adba14cd2457049ec6fc0968fff3c.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=248,248,248&fit=bounds&height=427&width=640&canvas=640:427&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/5/c58adba14cd2457049ec6fc0968fff3c.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=248,248,248&fit=bounds&height=427&width=640&canvas=640:427&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/5/c58adba14cd2457049ec6fc0968fff3c.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=248,248,248&fit=bounds&height=427&width=640&canvas=640:427" loading="lazy" width="640" height="427" alt="Determining Pasture Yield"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-442467b656886fb50 { width: 640px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 640 / 427; } .product-image-container-442467b656886fb50 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-442467b656886fb50 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.71875%; } }</style> </div> <div class="action-skip-wrapper"> <a class="action skip gallery-prev-area" href="#gallery-prev-area"><span> Skip to the beginning of the images gallery</span></a></div> <a id="gallery-next-area" tabindex="-1"></a></div> <div class="product attribute description "> <div class="value" ><div id="when"><div class="event-details"><div class="left no-padding"> </div></div></div><p>Assessing pasture dry matter (DM) yield is important in budgeting feed and making management decisions such as evaluating different pasture mixtures and stocking rates, estimating forage inventory, determining fertilizer needs and cost benefits, and calculating net return on investment. In contrast to cash crops, yield is rarely evaluated in pastures for three reasons:</p> <ol> <li>measuring yield on pastures is more difficult because the forage is not gathered;</li> <li>it is time consuming; and</li> <li>the potential of the pasture is sometimes neglected.</li> </ol> <p>Many different methods have been developed to estimate the amount of forage in a pasture without collecting all the forage. These methods can be divided into direct and indirect methods. Direct methods involve collecting a sample of the pasture and then estimating yield, while indirect methods rely on one or more plant characteristics to provide yield estimation.</p> <h2>Direct Methods</h2> <h3>Hand Clipping</h3> <p>This method involves clipping, drying, and weighing samples. The precision of this method depends largely on pasture variability and sampling efficiency. Hand clipping is precise but time consuming, which makes routine use impractical.</p> <h2>Indirect Methods</h2> <p>Many indirect methods have been developed to estimate yield. Among these methods, the pasture ruler and the rising plate meter are used most often. Both the pasture ruler and rising plate meter need to be calibrated to specific situations in which precision is important. The calibration methods for the pasture ruler and the rising plate meter are slightly different; both methodologies are simple but time consuming. Calibration procedures are explained in the "How to Calibrate Indirect Methods" box.</p> <h3>Pasture Ruler</h3> <p>This method works on the principle of relating plant height to yield. Therefore, you need to calculate the average pasture height. First, walk through the paddock in a W pattern and record the plant height at a 25-footstep interval (Figure 1). It is important to take the measurement at the same space interval regardless of the spot. The height of both bare spots and dense (manure effect) spots must be recorded because avoiding spots will lead to a biased average height value and a miscalculated yield. Once the height data are collected, simply average the height (sum of all heights recorded divided by the number of samples). In Pennsylvania, DM accumulation averages about 300 pounds per inch of plant height. To convert the average plant height to yield, simply multiply it by 300 pounds DM per inch. While the pasture ruler method is fast, simple, and cheap, it is not as precise as hand clipping.</p> <p> <a class="light-box " href="https://extension.psu.edu/media/wysiwyg//extensions/catalog_product/c1310748ddaf4968bfd9aec6c21bb90f/u/c/uc197_handclipping.png" data-lightbox="show" title=""><img src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/wysiwyg//extensions/catalog_product/c1310748ddaf4968bfd9aec6c21bb90f/u/c/uc197_handclipping.png" alt="uc197_handclipping" /></a></p> <h3>Rising Plate Meter</h3> <p>This method relies on both plant height and density, which are combined into one measurement referred to as "bulk density." To estimate yield with the rising plate meter, you follow a procedure similar to that of the pasture ruler. Before data collection, set the sample counter to zero. Then record the initial rising plate value on the accumulative pasture meter. Next, follow a W pattern in the pasture to estimate the average plate meter. At a fixed interval of 25 footsteps (see Figure 1), push the pasture meter vertically into the sward while clicking the sample counter once. The rising plate reading must be taken at the set pace interval to avoid bias in the plate meter estimation. Repeat this operation at each sampling point and collect at least 20 rising plate readings regardless of the paddock size. When you are finished collecting the rising plate values, record the final plate number. Calculate the average plate meter by subtracting the initial value from the final value and dividing by the number on the sample counter (number of times the plate meter was pushed into the sward). This average plate meter is correlated with forage bulk density and then converted to yield using a calibration equation. The rising plate meter method is more precise than the pasture ruler, but requires a greater investment in both time and money.</p> <p> <a class="light-box " href="https://extension.psu.edu/media/wysiwyg//extensions/catalog_product/85831a838bdb495a98348fe15d900614/u/c/uc197_risingplatemeter.png" data-lightbox="show" title=""><img src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/wysiwyg//extensions/catalog_product/85831a838bdb495a98348fe15d900614/u/c/uc197_risingplatemeter.png" alt="uc197_risingplatemeter" /></a></p> <ul> <li>The accumulative pasture meter is connected to the rod by a gear.</li> <li>The weighted disc slides on the rod as it is gently lowered into the sward.</li> <li>The rod makes the accumulative pasture counter spin by turning the gear as the rod is pushed into the sward.</li> <li>When the rod is pushed into the forage, the plants need to exert enough force to sustain the disc.</li> <li>The greater the pasture meter number, the greater the yield.</li> <li>The pasture meter number correlates with the forage bulk density.</li> </ul> <h2>How to Calibrate Indirect Methods</h2> <h3>Pasture Ruler</h3> <h4>Necessary Elements</h4> <ul> <li>Hand/electric shear</li> <li>Ruler</li> <li>Pasture ruler</li> <li>Big cloth or plastic bag</li> <li>Scale</li> </ul> <h4>Procedure</h4> <ol> <li>Walk through the paddock in a W pattern.</li> <li>At a fixed interval--20 to 35 footsteps--collect a hand clipping to ground level in an area of 3 feet by the shear width.</li> <li>Insert clippings in the bag.</li> <li>Measure and record sward height.</li> <li>Repeat steps 2 to 4 throughout the W pattern. If paddock is small, at least 15 samples are needed.</li> <li>Weigh the bag. This is the total wet weight (TWw).</li> <li>Obtain an approximately one-pound subsample from the bag.</li> <li>Weigh the subsample. This is the wet weight (SubWw).</li> <li>Dry subsample. (For information on how to dry forage, refer to fact sheet I-106: <em>Determining Forage Moisture Content with a Microwave Oven</em>.)</li> <li>Weigh subsample. This is the dry weight (SubWd).</li> <li>Calculate the percent DM content (%DM) of subsample: %DM = SubWd 梅 SubWw x 100</li> <li>Obtain total DM: Total DM = TWw x %DM.</li> <li>Calculate the clipped area: Shear width (ft) x 3 feet x number of samples 梅 43,560</li> <li>Calculate pounds of DM per acre (DM/A): Total DM 梅 clipped area</li> <li>Calculate average pasture height: Sum of individual heights 梅 number of samples</li> <li>Calculate average pounds of DM per plant height: step 14 梅 step 15</li> </ol> <h3>Rising Plate Meter</h3> <h4>Necessary Elements</h4> <ul> <li>Hand/electric shear</li> <li>Ruler</li> <li>Rising plate meter</li> <li>15-20 bags labeled with numbers</li> <li>Scale</li> </ul> <h4>Procedure</h4> <ol> <li>Walk through the paddock in a W pattern.</li> <li>At a fixed interval--20 to 35 footsteps--collect a hand clipping to ground level in an area of 3 feet by the shear width.</li> <li>Insert clippings in individual bags and label the bags according to the order in which they were collected.</li> <li>Push down the rising plate meter and record the accumulative pasture number.</li> <li>Repeat steps 2 to 4 throughout the W pattern. If paddock is small, at least 15 samples are needed.</li> <li>Weigh each bag. This is the bag wet weight (BagWw).</li> <li>Randomly select three bags.</li> <li>Weigh selected bags. This is the wet weight (SubWw).</li> <li>Dry selected bags. (For information on how to dry forage, refer to fact sheet I-106: Determining Forage Moisture Content with a Microwave Oven.)</li> <li>Weigh selected bags. This is the dry weight (SubWd).</li> <li>Calculate percent DM content (%DM) of selected bags: SubWd 梅 SubWw x 100</li> <li>Calculate average %DM.</li> <li>Obtain bag DM for each bag: BagDM = BagWw x average %DM</li> <li>Calculate the clipped area: Shear width (ft) x 3 feet 梅 43,560</li> <li>Calculate pounds of DM per acre (DM/A): BagDM 梅 clipped area</li> <li>Download <a href="http://www.forages.psu.edu/topics/pastures/yield/instructionsRPMcalibration.xls">this chart</a> and follow instructions (mouse over the red marks on cells to see instructions).</li> </ol> <h2>Examples</h2> <p>To estimate how much forage is consumed by the grazing animals, you need to estimate the DM before and after each grazing event. Subtracting the post-grazing DM from the pre-grazing DM will give the actual forage consumed.</p> <h3>Pasture Ruler</h3> <div class="scrollable-table"><table><caption>Table 1. Pasture ruler.</caption> <thead> <tr><th colspan="2"><strong>Pre-grazing</strong></th><th colspan="2"><strong>Post-grazing</strong></th></tr> <tr><th>Sample Number></th><th>Plant Height (inches)</th><th>Sample Number</th><th>Plant Height (inches)</th></tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>5</td> <td>1</td> <td>1.5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>10</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>12</td> <td>3</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>7</td> <td>4</td> <td>3</td> </tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>5</td> <td>2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>11</td> <td>6</td> <td>3</td> </tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>13</td> <td>7</td> <td>3.5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>9</td> <td>8</td> <td>2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td>6.5</td> <td>9</td> <td>1.5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>9</td> <td>10</td> <td>2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>10</td> <td>11</td> <td>2.5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td>8</td> <td>12</td> <td>1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td>11</td> <td>13</td> <td>3.5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td>7</td> <td>14</td> <td>2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td>12</td> <td>15</td> <td>3</td> </tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td>13</td> <td>16</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td>7.5</td> <td>17</td> <td>2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td>9</td> <td>18</td> <td>1.5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td>5.5</td> <td>19</td> <td>1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td>9</td> <td>20</td> <td>2</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Sum = 180.5 inches</td> <td colspan="2">Sum = 48 inches</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Average height = 180.5 / 20 = 9.025</td> <td colspan="2">Average height = 48 / 20 = 2.4</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Pre-grazing yield = 9.0 * 300 lb DM/in/A = 2,700 lbs DM/A</td> <td colspan="2">Post-grazing yield = 2.4 * 300 lbs DM/in/A = 720 lbs DM/A</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div> <p>Total forage consumed = Pre-grazing DM - Post-grazing DM</p> <p>Total forage consumed = 2,700 lbs DM/A - 720 lbs DM/A = 1,980 lbs DM/A</p> <p>Thus, 1,980 pounds DM per acre were consumed during this grazing event.</p> <h3>Rising Plate Meter</h3> <div class="scrollable-table"><table><caption>Table 2. Rising plate.</caption> <thead> <tr><th></th><th>Pre-grazing</th><th>Post-grazing</th></tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Initial Plate Meter</td> <td>57,893</td> <td>60,245</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Final Plate Meter</td> <td>58,943</td> <td>60,670</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Counter</td> <td>25</td> <td>25</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Final - Initial</td> <td>58,943 - 57,893 = 1,050</td> <td>60,670 - 60,245 = 425</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Average RPM</td> <td>1,050 / 25 = 42</td> <td>425 / 25 = 17</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Yield*</td> <td>42 * 69 - 560 = 2,338 lbs DM/A</td> <td>17 8 69 - 560 = 613 lbs DM/A</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div> <p><em>*This equation was developed for grass-based pastures (less than 30 percent legumes).</em></p> <p>Total forage consumed = Pre-grazing DM - Post-grazing DM</p> <p>Total forage consumed = 2,338 lbs DM/A - 613 lbs DM/A = 1,725 lbs DM/A</p> <p>Thus, 1,725 lb DM/A were consumed during this grazing event.</p> <h2>Recommendation</h2> <p>The equations used in this fact sheet were calibrated to be robust enough to adjust to most situations encountered in Pennsylvania pastures. However, to increase precision, both the pasture ruler and the rising plate meter should be calibrated to the particular situation in which they are intended to be used. The rising plate meter will underestimate yield in pastures covered by heavy dew, pastures in flowering stage, and extremely tall pastures (more than 14 inches tall). Accurate DM determination will aid in the decision-making process of pasture management.</p> <p class="discreet">Prepared by Marvin Hall, professor of forage management, and Atila Deak, Ph.D. candidate in agronomy. The authors would like to thank peer reviewers Greg Roth, professor of agronomy, and Mena Hautau, extension educator in Berks County, for their recommendations.</p></div></div> <div class="product info detailed"><div class="product data items" data-mage-init=' { "accordion": { "openedState": "active", "collapsible": true, "active": "0", "animate": 50, "multipleCollapsible": false } }'> <div class="data item title" data-role="collapsible" id="tab-label-product.info.agenda"><a class="data switch" tabindex="-1" data-toggle="trigger" href="#product.info.agenda" id="tab-label-product.info.agenda-title">Agenda</a></div><div class="data item content" aria-labelledby="tab-label-product.info.agenda-title" id="product.info.agenda" data-role="content"> <div class="product attribute event-agenda"></div></div> <div class="data item title" data-role="collapsible" id="tab-label-product.info.author"><a class="data switch" tabindex="-1" data-toggle="trigger" href="#product.info.author" id="tab-label-product.info.author-title">Authors</a></div><div class="data item content" aria-labelledby="tab-label-product.info.author-title" id="product.info.author" data-role="content"> <div class="authors-wrapper" id="authors"> <div itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="performer" class="author-item"><div class="info"><div class="name"> <span itemprop="name">Marvin Hall, Ph.D.</span> </div> <div class="author-info">Former Professor of Forage Management</div> <div class="author-info">Pennsylvania State University</div> </div></div> </div></div></div></div></div> <div class="block related" data-mage-init='{"relatedProducts":{"relatedCheckbox":".related.checkbox"}}' data-limit="10" data-shuffle="0 ?>" data-shuffle-weighted="0 ?>"><div class="featured-content article" data-content-type="products" data-element="main"><div class="block-top-wrapper"></div><div class="block-title title"><h2 id="block-related-heading" role="heading" aria-level="2">You may also be interested in ...</h2></div><div class="widget-navigation"></div><div class="block-content content" aria-labelledby="block-related-heading"> <div class="products wrapper grid products-grid products-related"><ol class="products list items product-items" data-mage-init='{"slick": { "autoplay": false, "infinite": false, "arrows": false, "dots": false, "slidesToShow": 9999, "slidesToScroll": 1, "appendArrows": ".related .widget-navigation", "prevArrow": "<div class=slick-prev><span>Previous</span></div>", "nextArrow": "<div class=slick-next><span>Next</span></div>", "responsive": [ { "breakpoint": 1280, "settings": { "slidesToShow": 4, "slidesToScroll": 1, "arrows": true, "appendArrows": ".related .widget-navigation", "prevArrow": "<div class=slick-prev><span>Previous</span></div>", "nextArrow": "<div class=slick-next><span>Next</span></div>" } }, { "breakpoint": 1024, "settings": { "slidesToShow": 3, "slidesToScroll": 1, "arrows": true, "appendArrows": ".related .widget-navigation", "prevArrow": "<div class=slick-prev><span>Previous</span></div>", "nextArrow": "<div class=slick-next><span>Next</span></div>" } }, { "breakpoint": 768, "settings": { "slidesToShow": 1, "slidesToScroll": 1, "arrows": true, "appendArrows": ".related .widget-navigation", "prevArrow": "<div class=slick-prev><span>Previous</span></div>", "nextArrow": "<div class=slick-next><span>Next</span></div>" } } ] }}'> <li class="item product product-item" id="product-item_5858" data-shuffle-group="" > <div class="product-item-info "><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/the-penn-state-agronomy-guide" class="product photo product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-5858-67b656887d098"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/d/bdb8e69345c08d0fffe3217f4322c5e4_1.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/d/bdb8e69345c08d0fffe3217f4322c5e4_1.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/d/bdb8e69345c08d0fffe3217f4322c5e4_1.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336" loading="lazy" width="504" height="336" alt="The Penn State Agronomy Guide"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-585867b656887d098 { width: 504px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 504 / 336; } .product-image-container-585867b656887d098 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-585867b656887d098 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.666666666667%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="808"></span> Guides and Publications</div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" title="The Penn State Agronomy Guide" href="https://extension.psu.edu/the-penn-state-agronomy-guide">The Penn State Agronomy Guide</a></h5> <div class="price-box price-final_price" data-role="priceBox" data-product-id="5858" data-price-box="product-id-5858"> <p class="minimal-price"> <span class="price-container price-final_price tax weee" > <span class="price-label">Starting at </span> <span id="from-5858" data-price-amount="15" data-price-type="" class="price-wrapper " ><span class="price">$15.00</span></span> </span> </p></div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item" id="product-item_27229" data-shuffle-group="" > <div class="product-item-info related-available"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/grain-drill-calibration" class="product photo product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-27229-67b656887df96"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/3/330a0bf271c109a2e9ec26688bccc0e5.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/3/330a0bf271c109a2e9ec26688bccc0e5.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/3/330a0bf271c109a2e9ec26688bccc0e5.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336" loading="lazy" width="504" height="336" alt="Grain Drill Calibration"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-2722967b656887df96 { width: 504px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 504 / 336; } .product-image-container-2722967b656887df96 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-2722967b656887df96 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.666666666667%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="809"></span> Videos</div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" title="Grain Drill Calibration" href="https://extension.psu.edu/grain-drill-calibration">Grain Drill Calibration</a></h5></div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item" id="product-item_21145" data-shuffle-group="" > <div class="product-item-info "><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/how-do-i-know-when-its-time-to-harvest-my-corn-for-silage" class="product photo product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-21145-67b656887ec34"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/5/f59ade73d96b7dbb5932f7741c1cb54d.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/5/f59ade73d96b7dbb5932f7741c1cb54d.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/5/f59ade73d96b7dbb5932f7741c1cb54d.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336" loading="lazy" width="504" height="336" alt="Corn bound for silage harvest at silking stage (C. Guindon)"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-2114567b656887ec34 { width: 504px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 504 / 336; } .product-image-container-2114567b656887ec34 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-2114567b656887ec34 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.666666666667%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" title="How Do I Know When it's Time to Harvest my Corn for Silage?" href="https://extension.psu.edu/how-do-i-know-when-its-time-to-harvest-my-corn-for-silage">How Do I Know When it's Time to Harvest my Corn for Silage?</a></h5></div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item" id="product-item_3325" data-shuffle-group="" > <div class="product-item-info "><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/orchardgrass" class="product photo product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-3325-67b656887f89f"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/9/d9576f4bad293e4458ead54eecf0ade2.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/9/d9576f4bad293e4458ead54eecf0ade2.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/9/d9576f4bad293e4458ead54eecf0ade2.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336" loading="lazy" width="504" height="336" alt="Orchardgrass. Source: Carey Minteer, University of Arkansas, Bugwood.org"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-332567b656887f89f { width: 504px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 504 / 336; } .product-image-container-332567b656887f89f span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-332567b656887f89f span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.666666666667%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" title="Orchardgrass" href="https://extension.psu.edu/orchardgrass">Orchardgrass</a></h5> <div class="price-box price-final_price" data-role="priceBox" data-product-id="3325" data-price-box="product-id-3325"> <span class="price-container price-final_price tax weee" > <span id="product-price-3325" data-price-amount="0.75" data-price-type="finalPrice" class="price-wrapper " ><span class="price">$0.75</span></span> </span> </div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item" id="product-item_3328" data-shuffle-group="" > <div class="product-item-info "><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/smooth-bromegrass" class="product photo product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-3328-67b65688809f3"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_117.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_117.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_117.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336" loading="lazy" width="504" height="336" alt="Smooth Bromegrass"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-332867b65688809f3 { width: 504px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 504 / 336; } .product-image-container-332867b65688809f3 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-332867b65688809f3 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.666666666667%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" title="Smooth Bromegrass" href="https://extension.psu.edu/smooth-bromegrass">Smooth Bromegrass</a></h5> <div class="price-box price-final_price" data-role="priceBox" data-product-id="3328" data-price-box="product-id-3328"> <span class="price-container price-final_price tax weee" > <span id="product-price-3328" data-price-amount="0.75" data-price-type="finalPrice" class="price-wrapper " ><span class="price">$0.75</span></span> </span> </div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item" id="product-item_10512" data-shuffle-group="" > <div class="product-item-info "><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/from-harvest-to-feed-understanding-silage-management" class="product photo product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-10512-67b6568881be6"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/2/e/2e16426b3b3426c4c5c1fe29936e6eb4.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/2/e/2e16426b3b3426c4c5c1fe29936e6eb4.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/2/e/2e16426b3b3426c4c5c1fe29936e6eb4.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336" loading="lazy" width="504" height="336" alt="From Harvest to Feed: Understanding Silage Management"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-1051267b6568881be6 { width: 504px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 504 / 336; } .product-image-container-1051267b6568881be6 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-1051267b6568881be6 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.666666666667%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" title="From Harvest to Feed: Understanding Silage Management" href="https://extension.psu.edu/from-harvest-to-feed-understanding-silage-management">From Harvest to Feed: Understanding Silage Management</a></h5> <div class="price-box price-final_price" data-role="priceBox" data-product-id="10512" data-price-box="product-id-10512"> <span class="price-container price-final_price tax weee" > <span id="product-price-10512" data-price-amount="4.45" data-price-type="finalPrice" class="price-wrapper " ><span class="price">$4.45</span></span> </span> </div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item" id="product-item_63649" data-shuffle-group="" > <div class="product-item-info "><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/western-pa-nitrogen-trial-what-we-learned-from-second-harvest" class="product photo product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-63649-67b6568882d71"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/a/5/a537565f8e9dfe340a11d0967781b5db.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/a/5/a537565f8e9dfe340a11d0967781b5db.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/a/5/a537565f8e9dfe340a11d0967781b5db.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336" loading="lazy" width="504" height="336" alt="Plots after two weeks of regrowth"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-6364967b6568882d71 { width: 504px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 504 / 336; } .product-image-container-6364967b6568882d71 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-6364967b6568882d71 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.666666666667%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" title="Western PA Nitrogen Trial- What We Learned from Second Harvest" href="https://extension.psu.edu/western-pa-nitrogen-trial-what-we-learned-from-second-harvest">Western PA Nitrogen Trial- What We Learned from Second Harvest</a></h5></div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item" id="product-item_3326" data-shuffle-group="" > <div class="product-item-info "><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/red-clover" class="product photo product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-3326-67b65688839f5"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/a/9ac995ed1a67f8b1716434908135bad9_1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/a/9ac995ed1a67f8b1716434908135bad9_1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/a/9ac995ed1a67f8b1716434908135bad9_1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336" loading="lazy" width="504" height="336" alt="Red Clover"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-332667b65688839f5 { width: 504px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 504 / 336; } .product-image-container-332667b65688839f5 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-332667b65688839f5 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.666666666667%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" title="Red Clover" href="https://extension.psu.edu/red-clover">Red Clover</a></h5> <div class="price-box price-final_price" data-role="priceBox" data-product-id="3326" data-price-box="product-id-3326"> <span class="price-container price-final_price tax weee" > <span id="product-price-3326" data-price-amount="1" data-price-type="finalPrice" class="price-wrapper " ><span class="price">$1.00</span></span> </span> </div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item" id="product-item_3334" data-shuffle-group="" > <div class="product-item-info "><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/white-clover" class="product photo product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-3334-67b6568884a64"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/6/d6ab42325cc9469616fe66ba79b17a18.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/6/d6ab42325cc9469616fe66ba79b17a18.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/6/d6ab42325cc9469616fe66ba79b17a18.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336" loading="lazy" width="504" height="336" alt="White clover. Photo credit: Bigstock"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-333467b6568884a64 { width: 504px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 504 / 336; } .product-image-container-333467b6568884a64 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-333467b6568884a64 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.666666666667%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" title="White Clover" href="https://extension.psu.edu/white-clover">White Clover</a></h5> <div class="price-box price-final_price" data-role="priceBox" data-product-id="3334" data-price-box="product-id-3334"> <span class="price-container price-final_price tax weee" > <span id="product-price-3334" data-price-amount="1" data-price-type="finalPrice" class="price-wrapper " ><span class="price">$1.00</span></span> </span> </div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item" id="product-item_3383" data-shuffle-group="" > <div class="product-item-info "><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/tips-for-preventing-pasture-bloat" class="product photo product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-3383-67b65688858b3"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_1755.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_1755.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_1755.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336" loading="lazy" width="504" height="336" alt="Tips For Preventing Pasture Bloat"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-338367b65688858b3 { width: 504px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 504 / 336; } .product-image-container-338367b65688858b3 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-338367b65688858b3 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.666666666667%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" title="Tips For Preventing Pasture Bloat" href="https://extension.psu.edu/tips-for-preventing-pasture-bloat">Tips For Preventing Pasture Bloat</a></h5></div></div></li> </ol></div></div></div></div></div> </div></div></main><div class="before-page-footer"> <div class="widget block block-static-block"><style>#html-body [data-pb-style=CQ5NAO3],#html-body [data-pb-style=D3ELT41]{background-position:left top;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:scroll}#html-body [data-pb-style=CQ5NAO3]{justify-content:center;display:flex;flex-direction:column;background-color:#1e407c;min-height:536px;margin:0}#html-body [data-pb-style=D3ELT41]{align-self:stretch}#html-body [data-pb-style=RCHY4CL]{display:flex;width:100%}#html-body [data-pb-style=GF82VQ0],#html-body [data-pb-style=O3VUDHB]{display:flex;flex-direction:column;background-position:left top;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:scroll;margin:0;align-self:stretch}#html-body [data-pb-style=O3VUDHB]{justify-content:flex-start;width:8.33333%;padding:0}#html-body [data-pb-style=GF82VQ0]{justify-content:center;width:16.6667%}#html-body [data-pb-style=XKM3MSJ]{text-align:center}#html-body [data-pb-style=GW11250],#html-body [data-pb-style=V9ASYYW],#html-body [data-pb-style=WOL6F34]{justify-content:flex-start;display:flex;flex-direction:column;background-position:left top;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:scroll;width:8.33333%;margin:0;padding:0;align-self:stretch}#html-body [data-pb-style=GW11250],#html-body [data-pb-style=V9ASYYW]{width:58.3333%}#html-body [data-pb-style=GW11250]{width:8.33333%}</style><div class="newsletter-subscription noprint" data-content-type="row" data-appearance="full-width" data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="main" data-pb-style="CQ5NAO3"><div class="row-full-width-inner" data-element="inner"><div class="pagebuilder-column-group" data-background-images="{}" data-content-type="column-group" data-appearance="default" data-grid-size="12" data-element="main" data-pb-style="D3ELT41"><div class="pagebuilder-column-line" data-content-type="column-line" data-element="main" data-pb-style="RCHY4CL"><div class="pagebuilder-column" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="O3VUDHB"></div><div class="pagebuilder-column left-block" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="GF82VQ0"><div class="icon-wrapper" data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-pb-style="XKM3MSJ" data-decoded="true"><span class="white-box-empty top"></span> <span class="white-box-empty middle"></span> <span class="white-box-empty bottom"></span> <div class="item span-3 white-box"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="88.5" height="74" viewBox="0 0 88.5 74"> <path id="icon-newsletter" d="M11,74A11.013,11.013,0,0,1,0,63V42A11.013,11.013,0,0,1,11,31h5V11A11.013,11.013,0,0,1,27,0H77.5a11.013,11.013,0,0,1,11,11V61a13,13,0,0,1-13,13ZM21.9,11V63a10.952,10.952,0,0,1-1.2,5H75.5a7,7,0,0,0,7-7V11a5,5,0,0,0-5-5H26.9A5.005,5.005,0,0,0,21.9,11ZM6,42V63a5,5,0,1,0,10,0V37H11A5.005,5.005,0,0,0,6,42ZM31.7,58.5a3,3,0,0,1,0-6h41a3,3,0,0,1,0,6Zm0-12a3,3,0,0,1,0-6h41a3,3,0,0,1,0,6Zm27-13a3,3,0,1,1,0-6h14a3,3,0,1,1,0,6Zm-27,0a3,3,0,0,1-3-3v-15a3,3,0,0,1,3-3h16a3,3,0,0,1,3,3v15a3,3,0,0,1-3,3Zm3-6h10v-9h-10Zm24-6a3,3,0,0,1,0-6h14a3,3,0,0,1,0,6Z" fill="#fff"/> </svg> </div> </div></div><div class="pagebuilder-column" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="WOL6F34"></div><div class="pagebuilder-column right-block" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="V9ASYYW"><h3 class="c-white" data-content-type="heading" data-appearance="default" data-element="main">Personalize your experience with Penn State Extension and stay informed of the latest in agriculture.</h3><div data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-decoded="true"> <div class="block newsletter"><div class="title"><strong>Newsletter</strong></div><div class="content"><form class="form subscribe" novalidate action="https://extension.psu.edu/psunewsletter/" method="post" data-mage-init='{"validation": {"errorClass": "mage-error"}}' id="newsletter-validate-detail"><div class="field newsletter"><div class="control"><label for="newsletter"><span class="label">Sign Up for Our Newsletter:</span> <input name="email" type="email" id="newsletter" placeholder="Email Address" data-mage-init='{"mage/trim-input":{}}' data-validate="{required:true, 'validate-email':true}"></label></div></div><div class="actions"><button class="action subscribe primary" title="Subscribe" type="submit" aria-label="Subscribe"><span>Subscribe</span></button></div></form></div></div></div></div><div class="pagebuilder-column" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="GW11250"></div></div></div></div></div><div data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-decoded="true"></div><div data-content-type="block" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"></div></div></div><footer class="page-footer"><div class="footer content"><style>#html-body [data-pb-style=KBJ5VVO]{display:flex;flex-direction:column}#html-body [data-pb-style=ENYB8NY],#html-body [data-pb-style=V43QAK3]{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-self:stretch}</style><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="contained" data-element="main"><div class="footer-content-wrapper-top" data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="inner" data-pb-style="KBJ5VVO"><div class="pagebuilder-column-group" style="display: flex;" data-content-type="column-group" data-grid-size="12" data-element="main"><div class="pagebuilder-column" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="ENYB8NY"><div data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-decoded="true"> <div class="widget block block-static-block"><style>#html-body [data-pb-style=SLRCHBD]{display:flex;flex-direction:column}#html-body [data-pb-style=GHXYB4F]{border-style:none}#html-body [data-pb-style=IKX9TVW],#html-body [data-pb-style=TNNDPMW]{max-width:100%;height:auto}@media only screen and (max-width: 768px) { #html-body [data-pb-style=GHXYB4F]{border-style:none} }</style><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="contained" data-element="main"><div class="left-links" data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="inner" data-pb-style="SLRCHBD"><figure class="logo" data-content-type="image" data-appearance="full-width" data-element="main" data-pb-style="GHXYB4F"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/home" target="" data-link-type="page" title="" data-element="link"><img class="pagebuilder-mobile-hidden" loading="lazy" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/wysiwyg/logo.png" alt="Penn State Extension Logo" title="" data-element="desktop_image" data-pb-style="TNNDPMW"><img class="pagebuilder-mobile-only" loading="lazy" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/wysiwyg/logo.png" alt="Penn State Extension Logo" title="" data-element="mobile_image" data-pb-style="IKX9TVW"></a></figure><div class="address" data-content-type="text" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><p><a tabindex="0" href="https://agsci.psu.edu/">College of Agricultural Sciences</a></p> <p>The Pennsylvania State University</p> <p>323 Agricultural Administration Building</p> <p>University Park, PA 16802</p></div><div class="social-icons" data-content-type="social-icons" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><ul class="social-icons-list" data-role="content"><li class="social-icons-link-container" data-content-type="social-icons-item" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><a class="social-icons-link icon-pagebuilder-social-icons-item--facebook" rel="noopener" href="https://www.facebook.com/pennstextension/" target="_blank" data-link-type="default" data-platform="icon-pagebuilder-social-icons-item--facebook" data-element="link"><i aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="social-icons-link-text visually-hidden" data-element="link_text">Penn State Extension on Facebook</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-link-container" data-content-type="social-icons-item" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><a class="social-icons-link icon-pagebuilder-social-icons-item--linkedin" rel="noopener" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/penn-state-extension/" target="_blank" data-link-type="default" data-platform="icon-pagebuilder-social-icons-item--linkedin" data-element="link"><i aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="social-icons-link-text visually-hidden" data-element="link_text">Penn State Extension on LinkedIn</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-link-container" data-content-type="social-icons-item" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><a class="social-icons-link icon-pagebuilder-social-icons-item--twitter" rel="noopener" href="https://twitter.com/psuextension" target="_blank" data-link-type="default" data-platform="icon-pagebuilder-social-icons-item--twitter" data-element="link"><i aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="social-icons-link-text visually-hidden" data-element="link_text">Penn State Extension on Twitter</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-link-container" data-content-type="social-icons-item" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><a class="social-icons-link icon-pagebuilder-social-icons-item--youtube" rel="noopener" href="https://www.youtube.com/@psuextension" target="_blank" data-link-type="default" data-platform="icon-pagebuilder-social-icons-item--youtube" data-element="link"><i aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="social-icons-link-text visually-hidden" data-element="link_text">Penn State Extension on YouTube</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-link-container" data-content-type="social-icons-item" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><a class="social-icons-link icon-pagebuilder-social-icons-item--instagram" rel="noopener" href="https://www.instagram.com/psuextension/" target="" data-link-type="default" data-platform="icon-pagebuilder-social-icons-item--instagram" data-element="link"><i aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="social-icons-link-text visually-hidden" data-element="link_text">Instagram</span></a></li></ul></div></div></div></div> </div></div><div class="pagebuilder-column" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="V43QAK3"><div data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-decoded="true"> <div class="widget block block-static-block"><style>#html-body [data-pb-style=Q9USLLX]{display:flex;flex-direction:column}#html-body [data-pb-style=BU4TPXL],#html-body [data-pb-style=S18W17C],#html-body [data-pb-style=TGSV88B]{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-self:stretch}</style><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="contained" data-element="main"><div class="footer-right-links" data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="inner" data-pb-style="Q9USLLX"><div class="pagebuilder-column-group" style="display: flex;" data-content-type="column-group" data-grid-size="12" data-element="main"><div class="pagebuilder-column" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="S18W17C"><div class="mobile-accordion" data-content-type="mobile-accordion" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><div data-role="collapsible"><button type="button" tabindex="0" class="mobile-accordion-title" data-role="trigger" data-element="title">About Extension </button><ul class="mobile-accordion-list" data-role="content" aria-hidden="true"><li class="mobile-accordion-link-container" data-content-type="mobile-accordion-item" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><a class="mobile-accordion-link" rel="noopener" href="/about-us" target="" data-link-type="default" data-element="link"><span class="mobile-accordion-link-text" data-element="link_text">About</span></a></li><li class="mobile-accordion-link-container" data-content-type="mobile-accordion-item" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><a class="mobile-accordion-link" rel="noopener" href="/directory/leadership" target="" data-link-type="default" data-element="link"><span class="mobile-accordion-link-text" data-element="link_text">Leadership</span></a></li><li class="mobile-accordion-link-container" data-content-type="mobile-accordion-item" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><a class="mobile-accordion-link" rel="noopener" href="/careers" target="" data-link-type="default" data-element="link"><span class="mobile-accordion-link-text" data-element="link_text">Careers</span></a></li><li class="mobile-accordion-link-container" data-content-type="mobile-accordion-item" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><a class="mobile-accordion-link" rel="noopener" href="https://extension.psu.edu/education-format/news" target="" data-link-type="default" data-element="link"><span class="mobile-accordion-link-text" data-element="link_text">Extension News</span></a></li><li class="mobile-accordion-link-container" data-content-type="mobile-accordion-item" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><a class="mobile-accordion-link" rel="noopener" href="/press" target="" data-link-type="default" data-element="link"><span class="mobile-accordion-link-text" data-element="link_text">Press</span></a></li><li class="mobile-accordion-link-container" data-content-type="mobile-accordion-item" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><a class="mobile-accordion-link" rel="noopener" href="/county-offices" target="" data-link-type="default" data-element="link"><span class="mobile-accordion-link-text" data-element="link_text">County Offices</span></a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="pagebuilder-column" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="TGSV88B"><div class="mobile-accordion" data-content-type="mobile-accordion" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><div data-role="collapsible"><button type="button" tabindex="0" class="mobile-accordion-title" data-role="trigger" data-element="title"> Customer Service </button><ul class="mobile-accordion-list" data-role="content" aria-hidden="true"><li class="mobile-accordion-link-container" data-content-type="mobile-accordion-item" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><a class="mobile-accordion-link" rel="noopener" href="/help" target="" data-link-type="default" data-element="link"><span class="mobile-accordion-link-text" data-element="link_text">Help Center</span></a></li><li class="mobile-accordion-link-container" data-content-type="mobile-accordion-item" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><a class="mobile-accordion-link" rel="noopener" href="/customer/account/forgotpassword/" target="" data-link-type="default" data-element="link"><span class="mobile-accordion-link-text" data-element="link_text">Login Problems</span></a></li><li class="mobile-accordion-link-container" data-content-type="mobile-accordion-item" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><a class="mobile-accordion-link" rel="noopener" href="/psunewsletter/manage/preferences/" target="" data-link-type="default" data-element="link"><span class="mobile-accordion-link-text" data-element="link_text">Manage Email Preferences</span></a></li><li class="mobile-accordion-link-container" data-content-type="mobile-accordion-item" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><a class="mobile-accordion-link" rel="noopener" href="/contact-us" target="" data-link-type="default" data-element="link"><span class="mobile-accordion-link-text" data-element="link_text">Contact Us</span></a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="pagebuilder-column" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="BU4TPXL"><div class="mobile-accordion" data-content-type="mobile-accordion" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><div data-role="collapsible"><button type="button" tabindex="0" class="mobile-accordion-title" data-role="trigger" data-element="title">Other Programs </button><ul class="mobile-accordion-list" data-role="content" aria-hidden="true"><li class="mobile-accordion-link-container" data-content-type="mobile-accordion-item" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><a class="mobile-accordion-link" rel="noopener" href="https://extension.psu.edu/programs/4-h" target="" data-link-type="default" data-element="link"><span class="mobile-accordion-link-text" data-element="link_text">Pennsylvania 4-H</span></a></li><li class="mobile-accordion-link-container" data-content-type="mobile-accordion-item" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><a class="mobile-accordion-link" rel="noopener" href="https://extension.psu.edu/programs/betterkidcare" target="" data-link-type="default" data-element="link"><span class="mobile-accordion-link-text" data-element="link_text">Better Kid Care</span></a></li><li class="mobile-accordion-link-container" data-content-type="mobile-accordion-item" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><a class="mobile-accordion-link" rel="noopener" href="https://extension.psu.edu/programs/master-gardener" target="" data-link-type="default" data-element="link"><span class="mobile-accordion-link-text" data-element="link_text">Master Gardeners</span></a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> </div></div></div></div></div> </div><div class="footer-content-bottom-wrapper"><style>#html-body [data-pb-style=VOS0CU4]{display:flex;flex-direction:column}#html-body [data-pb-style=KTS42PI]{background-position:left top;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:scroll;align-self:stretch}#html-body [data-pb-style=BLUDGVN]{display:flex;width:100%}#html-body [data-pb-style=NGT2TBM]{justify-content:flex-start;background-position:left top;background-size:cover;background-attachment:scroll;padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px}#html-body [data-pb-style=NGT2TBM],#html-body [data-pb-style=QFMQ5V7]{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-self:stretch}#html-body [data-pb-style=WC1IQV4]{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px}#html-body [data-pb-style=LQ7KA63]{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-self:stretch}#html-body [data-pb-style=Q05VQVP]{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px}#html-body [data-pb-style=QQXUF91]{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-self:stretch}#html-body [data-pb-style=X35Y11L]{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px}#html-body [data-pb-style=S3JPOG6]{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-self:stretch}#html-body [data-pb-style=SNE9145]{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px}</style><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="contained" data-element="main"><div class="footer-bottom" data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="inner" data-pb-style="VOS0CU4"><div class="pagebuilder-column-group" data-background-images="{}" data-content-type="column-group" data-appearance="default" data-grid-size="12" data-element="main" data-pb-style="KTS42PI"><div class="pagebuilder-column-line" data-content-type="column-line" data-element="main" data-pb-style="BLUDGVN"><div class="pagebuilder-column" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="NGT2TBM"><div data-content-type="text" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><p id="NQ8JQGD" style="text-align: center;"><a tabindex="0" href="/youth-safety-information">Youth Safety</a></p></div></div><div class="pagebuilder-column" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="QFMQ5V7"><div data-content-type="text" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-pb-style="WC1IQV4"><p id="NQ8JQGD" style="text-align: center;"><a tabindex="0" title="Privacy and Legal Statements" href="https://www.psu.edu/legal-statements/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Privacy and Legal Statements</a></p></div></div><div class="pagebuilder-column" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="LQ7KA63"><div data-content-type="text" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-pb-style="Q05VQVP"><p id="NQ8JQGD" style="text-align: center;"><a title="Veterinary Advice Statement" href="/veterinary-advice-statement">Veterinary Advice Statement</a></p></div></div><div class="pagebuilder-column" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="QQXUF91"><div data-content-type="text" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-pb-style="X35Y11L"><p id="NQ8JQGD" style="text-align: center;"><a tabindex="0" title="Accessibility" href="https://agsci.psu.edu/accessibility" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Accessibility</a></p></div></div><div class="pagebuilder-column" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="S3JPOG6"><div data-content-type="text" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-pb-style="SNE9145"><p id="NQ8JQGD" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><a href="https://www.psu.edu/copyright-information" target="_blank" rel="noopener">© 2025 The Pennsylvania State University</a></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></footer> <div class="social-login block-container" id="email_modal"><div class="modal-title" data-role="title">Email address is required to login</div><div class="block"><div class="block-content"><form class="email-form" id="sociallogin_form_email" data-mage-init='{"validation":{}}'><fieldset class="fieldset" data-hasrequired="* Required Fields"><div class="field note">Please enter your email address below to create account.</div><div class="field email required"><label for="email_address" class="label"><span>Email</span></label> <div class="control"><input type="email" name="real-email" alt="email" id="real_email_address" class="input-text sl-input-email" data-validate="{required:true, 'validate-email':true}"/><input type="hidden" name="redirect-url" value="" /></div></div></fieldset><div class="actions-toolbar sl-submit-email"><div class="primary"><button type="button" id="sociallogin_send_email" class="action send primary"><span>Sign In</span></button></div></div></form></div></div></div> <div class="b2b-modal fade iwdsr-customers-list-modal" id="iwdsr-customers-list-modal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true"><div class="b2b-modal-dialog"><div class="b2b-modal-content"><div class="b2b-modal-body"><a class="close" data-dismiss="modal"><i class="fa fa-times customer-close" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> <div class="iwdsr-customers-list-wrap"></div></div><div class="b2b-modal-footer"></div></div></div></div> </div> <script> var LOCALE = 'en\u002DUS'; var BASE_URL = 'https\u003A\u002F\u002Fextension.psu.edu\u002F'; var require = { 'baseUrl': 'https\u003A\u002F\u002Fextension.psu.edu\u002Fstatic\u002Fversion1739430570\u002Ffrontend\u002FBlueAcorn\u002Fsite\u002Fen_US' };</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://extension.psu.edu/static/version1739430570/_cache/merged/4ee4f6ce58d29822a0c3b6a6aadebb6d.min.js"></script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "*": { "Magento_PageCache/js/form-key-provider": { "isPaginationCacheEnabled": 0 } } }</script> <script> try{smileTracker.setConfig({beaconUrl:'https://extension.psu.edu/elasticsuite/tracker/hit/image/h.png',telemetryUrl:'https://t.elasticsuite.io/track',telemetryEnabled:'',sessionConfig:{"visit_cookie_name":"STUID","visit_cookie_lifetime":"3600","visitor_cookie_lifetime":"365","visitor_cookie_name":"STVID","domain":"extension.psu.edu","path":"\/"},});smileTracker.addPageVar('store_id','2');require(['Smile_ElasticsuiteTracker/js/user-consent'],function(userConsent){if(userConsent({"cookieRestrictionEnabled":"0","cookieRestrictionName":"user_allowed_save_cookie"})){smileTracker.sendTag();}});}catch(err){;} </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org","@type":"WebSite","url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/"}</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","item":{"@id":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/determining-pasture-yield","name":"Determining Pasture Yield"},"position":1}]}</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Product","name":"Determining Pasture Yield","description":"Direct and indirect methods of determining pasture yield.","image":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/media\/catalog\/product\/c\/5\/c58adba14cd2457049ec6fc0968fff3c.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=&width=&canvas=:","offers":{"@type":"http:\/\/schema.org\/Offer","price":0.5,"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/determining-pasture-yield","priceCurrency":"USD","availability":"http:\/\/schema.org\/OutOfStock"},"productID":"ART-1378","sku":"ART-1378"}</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"WebPage","speakable":{"@type":"SpeakableSpecification","cssSelector":[".description"],"xpath":["\/html\/head\/title"]}}</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "*": { "Magento_PageBuilder/js/widget-initializer": { "config": {"[data-content-type=\"slider\"][data-appearance=\"default\"]":{"Magento_PageBuilder\/js\/content-type\/slider\/appearance\/default\/widget":false},"[data-content-type=\"map\"]":{"Magento_PageBuilder\/js\/content-type\/map\/appearance\/default\/widget":false},"[data-content-type=\"row\"]":{"Magento_PageBuilder\/js\/content-type\/row\/appearance\/default\/widget":false},"[data-content-type=\"tabs\"]":{"Magento_PageBuilder\/js\/content-type\/tabs\/appearance\/default\/widget":false},"[data-content-type=\"slide\"]":{"Magento_PageBuilder\/js\/content-type\/slide\/appearance\/default\/widget":{"buttonSelector":".pagebuilder-slide-button","showOverlay":"hover","dataRole":"slide"}},"[data-content-type=\"banner\"]":{"Magento_PageBuilder\/js\/content-type\/banner\/appearance\/default\/widget":{"buttonSelector":".pagebuilder-banner-button","showOverlay":"hover","dataRole":"banner"}},"[data-content-type=\"buttons\"]":{"Magento_PageBuilder\/js\/content-type\/buttons\/appearance\/inline\/widget":false},"[data-content-type=\"products\"][data-appearance=\"carousel\"]":{"Magento_PageBuilder\/js\/content-type\/products\/appearance\/carousel\/widget":false},"[data-content-type=\"products\"][data-appearance=\"carousel-with-stage\"]":{"BlueAcorn_PageBuilderContent\/js\/content-type\/products\/appearance\/carousel-with-stage\/widget":false},"[data-content-type=\"products\"][data-appearance=\"featured-product\"]":{"BlueAcorn_PageBuilderContent\/js\/content-type\/products\/appearance\/featured-product\/widget":false},"[data-content-type=\"mobile-accordion\"]":{"BlueAcorn_PageBuilderContent\/js\/content-type\/mobile-accordion\/appearance\/default\/widget":false},"[data-content-type=\"content-slider\"]":{"BlueAcorn_PageBuilderContent\/js\/content-type\/content-slider\/appearance\/default\/widget":false},"[data-content-type=\"video\"]":{"BlueAcorn_PageBuilderContent\/js\/content-type\/video\/appearance\/default\/widget":false},"[data-content-type=\"collapsible\"]":{"BlueAcorn_PageBuilderContent\/js\/content-type\/collapsible\/appearance\/default\/widget":false},"[data-content-type=\"blueacorn-tabs\"]":{"BlueAcorn_PageBuilderContent\/js\/content-type\/blueacorn-tabs\/appearance\/default\/widget":false},"[data-content-type=\"accordion\"]":{"BlueAcorn_PageBuilderContent\/js\/content-type\/accordion\/appearance\/default\/widget":false}}, "breakpoints": {"desktop":{"label":"Desktop","stage":true,"default":true,"class":"desktop-switcher","icon":"Magento_PageBuilder::css\/images\/switcher\/switcher-desktop.svg","conditions":{"min-width":"1024px"},"options":{"products":{"default":{"slidesToShow":"4"}}}},"tablet":{"conditions":{"max-width":"1024px","min-width":"768px"},"options":{"products":{"default":{"slidesToShow":"3"},"continuous":{"slidesToShow":"3"}}}},"mobile":{"label":"Mobile","stage":true,"class":"mobile-switcher","icon":"Magento_PageBuilder::css\/images\/switcher\/switcher-mobile.svg","media":"only screen and (max-width: 768px)","conditions":{"max-width":"767px","min-width":"640px"},"options":{"products":{"default":{"slidesToShow":"2"}}}},"mobile-small":{"conditions":{"max-width":"640px"},"options":{"products":{"default":{"slidesToShow":"1"},"continuous":{"slidesToShow":"1"}}}}} } } }</script> <script type="text/javascript">document.querySelector("#cookie-status").style.display = "none";</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "*": { "cookieStatus": {} } }</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "*": { "mage/cookies": { "expires": null, "path": "\u002F", "domain": ".extension.psu.edu", "secure": true, "lifetime": "3600" } } }</script> <script> window.cookiesConfig = window.cookiesConfig || {}; window.cookiesConfig.secure = true; </script> <script> require.config({ map: { '*': { wysiwygAdapter: 'mage/adminhtml/wysiwyg/tiny_mce/tinymceAdapter' } } });</script> <script> require.config({ paths: { googleMaps: 'https\u003A\u002F\u002Fmaps.googleapis.com\u002Fmaps\u002Fapi\u002Fjs\u003Fv\u003D3.53\u0026key\u003DAIzaSyBr3fDDBIOigo7Cz8V0ikGhRRHw3wNlPO8' }, config: { 'Magento_PageBuilder/js/utils/map': { style: '', }, 'Magento_PageBuilder/js/content-type/map/preview': { apiKey: 'AIzaSyBr3fDDBIOigo7Cz8V0ikGhRRHw3wNlPO8', apiKeyErrorMessage: 'You\u0020must\u0020provide\u0020a\u0020valid\u0020\u003Ca\u0020href\u003D\u0027https\u003A\u002F\u002Fextension.psu.edu\u002Fadminhtml\u002Fsystem_config\u002Fedit\u002Fsection\u002Fcms\u002F\u0023cms_pagebuilder\u0027\u0020target\u003D\u0027_blank\u0027\u003EGoogle\u0020Maps\u0020API\u0020key\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u0020to\u0020use\u0020a\u0020map.' }, 'Magento_PageBuilder/js/form/element/map': { apiKey: 'AIzaSyBr3fDDBIOigo7Cz8V0ikGhRRHw3wNlPO8', apiKeyErrorMessage: 'You\u0020must\u0020provide\u0020a\u0020valid\u0020\u003Ca\u0020href\u003D\u0027https\u003A\u002F\u002Fextension.psu.edu\u002Fadminhtml\u002Fsystem_config\u002Fedit\u002Fsection\u002Fcms\u002F\u0023cms_pagebuilder\u0027\u0020target\u003D\u0027_blank\u0027\u003EGoogle\u0020Maps\u0020API\u0020key\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u0020to\u0020use\u0020a\u0020map.' }, } });</script> <script> require.config({ shim: { 'Magento_PageBuilder/js/utils/map': { deps: ['googleMaps'] } } });</script> <script> window.skipModules = ["customer\/account","sociallogin\/account"]; window.queryParam = 'sociallogin_referer_store'; window.isSlGuestCheckoutEnabled = "0"; require(['slReferer']);</script> <script> require([ 'jquery' ], function ($) { var width = $("body").width(); if (width > 1023) { $("nav.main-menu").click(function(){ if($(".main-menu__item--parent.level0:hover").length == 0){ if($("nav.main-menu").is(":visible")) { $('.action.nav-toggle').trigger('click'); } } }); } });</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "*": { "Magento_Ui/js/core/app": { "components": { "customHeaderComponent": { "component": "Magento_Customer/js/view/custom-header-account" } } } } }</script> <script>window.checkout = {"shoppingCartUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/checkout\/cart\/","checkoutUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/checkout\/","updateItemQtyUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/checkout\/sidebar\/updateItemQty\/","removeItemUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/checkout\/sidebar\/removeItem\/","imageTemplate":"Magento_Catalog\/product\/image_with_borders","baseUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/","minicartMaxItemsVisible":5,"websiteId":"2","maxItemsToDisplay":10,"storeId":"2","storeGroupId":"2","saml":{"enabled":false,"forced":false,"linktext":"Login via Identity Provider"},"captcha":{"user_login":{"isCaseSensitive":false,"imageHeight":50,"imageSrc":"","refreshUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/captcha\/refresh\/","isRequired":false,"timestamp":1740002952}}}</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "[data-block='minicart']": { "Magento_Ui/js/core/app": {"components":{"minicart_content":{"children":{"subtotal.container":{"children":{"subtotal":{"children":{"subtotal.totals":{"config":{"display_cart_subtotal_incl_tax":0,"display_cart_subtotal_excl_tax":1,"template":"Magento_Tax\/checkout\/minicart\/subtotal\/totals"},"component":"Magento_Tax\/js\/view\/checkout\/minicart\/subtotal\/totals","children":{"subtotal.totals.msrp":{"component":"Magento_Msrp\/js\/view\/checkout\/minicart\/subtotal\/totals","config":{"displayArea":"minicart-subtotal-hidden","template":"Magento_Msrp\/checkout\/minicart\/subtotal\/totals"}}}}},"component":"uiComponent","config":{"template":"Magento_Checkout\/minicart\/subtotal"}}},"component":"uiComponent","config":{"displayArea":"subtotalContainer"}},"item.renderer":{"component":"Magento_Checkout\/js\/view\/cart-item-renderer","config":{"displayArea":"defaultRenderer","template":"Magento_Checkout\/minicart\/item\/default"},"children":{"item.image":{"component":"Magento_Catalog\/js\/view\/image","config":{"template":"Magento_Catalog\/product\/image","displayArea":"itemImage"}},"checkout.cart.item.price.sidebar":{"component":"uiComponent","config":{"template":"Magento_Checkout\/minicart\/item\/price","displayArea":"priceSidebar"}}}},"extra_info":{"component":"uiComponent","config":{"displayArea":"extraInfo"}},"promotion":{"component":"uiComponent","config":{"displayArea":"promotion"}}},"config":{"itemRenderer":{"default":"defaultRenderer","simple":"defaultRenderer","virtual":"defaultRenderer"},"template":"Magento_Checkout\/minicart\/slide-content","is_auto_open":true},"component":"Magento_Checkout\/js\/view\/minicart"}},"types":[]} }, "*": { "Magento_Ui/js/block-loader": "https\u003A\u002F\u002Fextension.psu.edu\u002Fstatic\u002Fversion1739430570\u002Ffrontend\u002FBlueAcorn\u002Fsite\u002Fen_US\u002Fimages\u002Floader\u002D1.gif" } }</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "*": { "Magento_Ui/js/core/app": { "components": { "messages": { "component": "Magento_Theme/js/view/messages" } } } } }</script> <script> window.ajaxLogin = {"autocomplete":"off","customerRegisterUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/customer\/account\/create\/","customerForgotPasswordUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/customer\/account\/forgotpassword\/","baseUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/","customerLoginUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/customer\/ajax\/login\/"}; window.popupStyle = "popup"; window.isEnabled = 1;</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "#ajaxlogin-popup": { "Magento_Ui/js/core/app": {"components":{"ajaxLogin":{"component":"WeltPixel_SocialLogin\/js\/view\/ajaxlogin-popup","children":{"messages":{"component":"Magento_Ui\/js\/view\/messages","displayArea":"messages"},"recaptcha-login":{"component":"Magento_ReCaptchaFrontendUi\/js\/reCaptcha","displayArea":"additional-login-form-fields","reCaptchaId":"recaptcha-ajaxlogin-popup","settings":{"rendering":{"sitekey":"6LdBcwceAAAAAA7sZnEFiLzrQOFvEvVc-P5D2jA9","badge":"inline","size":"invisible","theme":"light","hl":""},"invisible":true}},"recaptcha-register":{"component":"Magento_ReCaptchaFrontendUi\/js\/reCaptcha","displayArea":"additional-register-form-fields","reCaptchaId":"recaptcha-ajaxregister-popup","settings":{"rendering":{"sitekey":"6LdBcwceAAAAAA7sZnEFiLzrQOFvEvVc-P5D2jA9","badge":"inline","size":"invisible","theme":"light","hl":""},"invisible":true}}}},"authenticationPopup":{"children":{"recaptcha":{"settings":{"rendering":{"sitekey":"6LdBcwceAAAAAA7sZnEFiLzrQOFvEvVc-P5D2jA9","badge":"inline","size":"invisible","theme":"light","hl":""},"invisible":true}}}}}} } }</script> <script>window.authenticationPopup = {"autocomplete":"off","customerRegisterUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/customer\/account\/create\/","customerForgotPasswordUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/customer\/account\/forgotpassword\/","baseUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/","customerLoginUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/customer\/ajax\/login\/"}</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "#authenticationPopup": { "Magento_Ui/js/core/app": {"components":{"authenticationPopup":{"component":"WeltPixel_SocialLogin\/js\/view\/authentication-popup","children":{"messages":{"component":"Magento_Ui\/js\/view\/messages","displayArea":"messages"},"captcha":{"component":"Magento_Captcha\/js\/view\/checkout\/loginCaptcha","displayArea":"additional-login-form-fields","formId":"user_login","configSource":"checkout"},"recaptcha":{"component":"Magento_ReCaptchaFrontendUi\/js\/reCaptcha","displayArea":"additional-login-form-fields","reCaptchaId":"recaptcha-popup-login","settings":{"rendering":{"sitekey":"6LdBcwceAAAAAA7sZnEFiLzrQOFvEvVc-P5D2jA9","badge":"inline","size":"invisible","theme":"light","hl":""},"invisible":true}},"saml_sso":{"component":"Pitbulk_SAML2\/js\/view\/checkout\/samlLoginLink","displayArea":"before","formId":"user_login","configSource":"checkout"}}},"ajaxLogin":{"children":{"recaptcha-login":{"settings":{"rendering":{"sitekey":"6LdBcwceAAAAAA7sZnEFiLzrQOFvEvVc-P5D2jA9","badge":"inline","size":"invisible","theme":"light","hl":""},"invisible":true}},"recaptcha-register":{"settings":{"rendering":{"sitekey":"6LdBcwceAAAAAA7sZnEFiLzrQOFvEvVc-P5D2jA9","badge":"inline","size":"invisible","theme":"light","hl":""},"invisible":true}}}}}} }, "*": { "Magento_Ui/js/block-loader": "https\u003A\u002F\u002Fextension.psu.edu\u002Fstatic\u002Fversion1739430570\u002Ffrontend\u002FBlueAcorn\u002Fsite\u002Fen_US\u002Fimages\u002Floader\u002D1.gif" } }</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "*": { "Magento_Customer/js/section-config": { "sections": {"stores\/store\/switch":["*"],"stores\/store\/switchrequest":["*"],"directory\/currency\/switch":["*"],"*":["messages","company","customer"],"customer\/account\/logout":["*","recently_viewed_product","recently_compared_product","persistent"],"customer\/account\/loginpost":["*"],"customer\/account\/createpost":["*"],"customer\/account\/editpost":["*"],"customer\/ajax\/login":["checkout-data","cart","captcha"],"catalog\/product_compare\/add":["compare-products","wp_ga4"],"catalog\/product_compare\/remove":["compare-products"],"catalog\/product_compare\/clear":["compare-products"],"sales\/guest\/reorder":["cart"],"sales\/order\/reorder":["cart"],"rest\/v1\/requisition_lists":["requisition"],"requisition_list\/requisition\/delete":["requisition"],"requisition_list\/item\/addtocart":["cart"],"checkout\/cart\/add":["cart","directory-data","wp_ga4"],"checkout\/cart\/delete":["cart","wp_ga4"],"checkout\/cart\/updatepost":["cart","wp_ga4"],"checkout\/cart\/updateitemoptions":["cart","wp_ga4"],"checkout\/cart\/couponpost":["cart"],"checkout\/cart\/estimatepost":["cart"],"checkout\/cart\/estimateupdatepost":["cart"],"checkout\/onepage\/saveorder":["cart","checkout-data","last-ordered-items"],"checkout\/sidebar\/removeitem":["cart","wp_ga4"],"checkout\/sidebar\/updateitemqty":["cart","wp_ga4"],"rest\/*\/v1\/carts\/*\/payment-information":["cart","last-ordered-items","captcha","instant-purchase","wp_ga4"],"rest\/*\/v1\/guest-carts\/*\/payment-information":["cart","captcha","wp_ga4"],"rest\/*\/v1\/guest-carts\/*\/selected-payment-method":["cart","checkout-data"],"rest\/*\/v1\/carts\/*\/selected-payment-method":["cart","checkout-data","instant-purchase"],"wishlist\/index\/add":["wishlist","wp_ga4"],"wishlist\/index\/remove":["wishlist"],"wishlist\/index\/updateitemoptions":["wishlist"],"wishlist\/index\/update":["wishlist"],"wishlist\/index\/cart":["wishlist","cart","wp_ga4"],"wishlist\/index\/fromcart":["wishlist","cart"],"wishlist\/index\/allcart":["wishlist","cart","wp_ga4"],"wishlist\/shared\/allcart":["wishlist","cart"],"wishlist\/shared\/cart":["cart"],"customer_order\/cart\/updatefaileditemoptions":["cart"],"checkout\/cart\/updatefaileditemoptions":["cart"],"customer_order\/cart\/advancedadd":["cart"],"checkout\/cart\/advancedadd":["cart"],"checkout\/cart\/removeallfailed":["cart"],"checkout\/cart\/removefailed":["cart"],"customer_order\/cart\/addfaileditems":["cart"],"checkout\/cart\/addfaileditems":["cart"],"customer_order\/sku\/uploadfile":["cart"],"company\/company\/select":["customer-companies","cart","cart-data","checkout-data","negotiable_quote","purchase_order"],"giftregistry\/index\/cart":["cart"],"giftregistry\/view\/addtocart":["cart"],"customer\/address\/*":["instant-purchase"],"customer\/account\/*":["instant-purchase"],"vault\/cards\/deleteaction":["instant-purchase"],"multishipping\/checkout\/overviewpost":["cart"],"wishlist\/index\/copyitem":["wishlist"],"wishlist\/index\/copyitems":["wishlist"],"wishlist\/index\/deletewishlist":["wishlist","multiplewishlist"],"wishlist\/index\/createwishlist":["multiplewishlist"],"wishlist\/index\/editwishlist":["multiplewishlist"],"wishlist\/index\/moveitem":["wishlist"],"wishlist\/index\/moveitems":["wishlist"],"wishlist\/search\/addtocart":["cart","wishlist"],"paypal\/express\/placeorder":["cart","checkout-data"],"paypal\/payflowexpress\/placeorder":["cart","checkout-data"],"paypal\/express\/onauthorization":["cart","checkout-data"],"rest\/*\/v1\/carts\/*\/po-payment-information":["cart","checkout-data","last-ordered-items"],"purchaseorder\/purchaseorder\/success":["cart","checkout-data","last-ordered-items"],"persistent\/index\/unsetcookie":["persistent"],"quickorder\/sku\/uploadfile\/":["cart"],"review\/product\/post":["review"],"paymentservicespaypal\/smartbuttons\/placeorder":["cart","checkout-data"],"paymentservicespaypal\/smartbuttons\/cancel":["cart","checkout-data"],"sso\/saml2\/login":["*"],"sso\/saml2\/acs":["*"],"sociallogin\/account\/login":["*"],"sociallogin\/account\/loginpost":["*"],"braintree\/paypal\/placeorder":["cart","checkout-data"],"braintree\/googlepay\/placeorder":["cart","checkout-data"],"checkout\/cart\/configure":["wp_ga4"],"rest\/*\/v1\/guest-carts\/*\/shipping-information":["wp_ga4"],"rest\/*\/v1\/carts\/*\/shipping-information":["wp_ga4"]}, "clientSideSections": ["checkout-data","cart-data","BLUE_ACORN_SEARCH_LOCATION"], "baseUrls": ["https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/"], "sectionNames": ["messages","customer","compare-products","last-ordered-items","requisition","cart","directory-data","captcha","wishlist","company","company_authorization","customer-companies","negotiable_quote","instant-purchase","loggedAsCustomer","multiplewishlist","purchase_order","persistent","review","payments","wp_ga4","recently_viewed_product","recently_compared_product","product_data_storage","paypal-billing-agreement"] } } }</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "*": { "Magento_Customer/js/customer-data": { "sectionLoadUrl": "https\u003A\u002F\u002Fextension.psu.edu\u002Fcustomer\u002Fsection\u002Fload\u002F", "expirableSectionLifetime": 60, "expirableSectionNames": ["cart","persistent"], "cookieLifeTime": "3600", "cookieDomain": "extension.psu.edu", "updateSessionUrl": "https\u003A\u002F\u002Fextension.psu.edu\u002Fcustomer\u002Faccount\u002FupdateSession\u002F", "isLoggedIn": "" } } }</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "*": { "Magento_Customer/js/invalidation-processor": { "invalidationRules": { "website-rule": { "Magento_Customer/js/invalidation-rules/website-rule": { "scopeConfig": { "websiteId": "2" } } } } } } }</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "body": { "pageCache": {"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/page_cache\/block\/render\/id\/4424\/","handles":["default","catalog_product_view","catalog_product_view_type_downloadable","catalog_product_view_id_4424","catalog_product_view_sku_ART-1378","catalog_product_view_article","ajaxlogin_customer_signed_out"],"originalRequest":{"route":"catalog","controller":"product","action":"view","uri":"\/determining-pasture-yield"},"versionCookieName":"private_content_version"} } }</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "body": { "addToWishlist": {"productType":"downloadable","giftcardInfo":"[id^=giftcard]"} } }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-4424-67b656886fb50"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "640px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-4424-67b656886fb50 span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.71875%"; }</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "[data-gallery-role=gallery-placeholder]": { "Magento_ProductVideo/js/fotorama-add-video-events": { "videoData": [{"mediaType":"image","videoUrl":null,"isBase":true}], "videoSettings": [{"playIfBase":"0","showRelated":"0","videoAutoRestart":"0"}], "optionsVideoData": [] } } }</script> <script type="text/javascript"> require([ 'jquery' ], function ($) { 'use strict'; $(document).on('click touch', '#event .event-tab-title div', function () { if (!$(this).closest('.event-tab-title').hasClass('active')) { $("#event .event-tab-title").removeClass('active'); $(this).closest('.event-tab-title').addClass('active'); $("#event .event-tab-container").attr('hidden', 'hidden'); let id = $(this).data('href'); $("#content" + id).removeAttr('hidden'); } else { console.log('tab is active'); } }) });</script> <script type="text/javascript"> var elemPNqjWk4aArray = document.querySelectorAll('li#product-item_5858'); if(elemPNqjWk4aArray.length !== 'undefined'){ elemPNqjWk4aArray.forEach(function(element) { if (element) { element.style.display = 'none'; } }); }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-5858-67b656887d098"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "504px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-5858-67b656887d098 span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.666666666667%"; }</script> <script type="text/javascript"> var elemyAB9fQmSArray = document.querySelectorAll('li#product-item_27229'); if(elemyAB9fQmSArray.length !== 'undefined'){ elemyAB9fQmSArray.forEach(function(element) { if (element) { element.style.display = 'none'; } }); }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-27229-67b656887df96"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "504px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-27229-67b656887df96 span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.666666666667%"; }</script> <script type="text/javascript"> var elemsmXzG3v9Array = document.querySelectorAll('li#product-item_21145'); if(elemsmXzG3v9Array.length !== 'undefined'){ elemsmXzG3v9Array.forEach(function(element) { if (element) { element.style.display = 'none'; } }); }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-21145-67b656887ec34"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "504px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-21145-67b656887ec34 span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.666666666667%"; }</script> <script type="text/javascript"> var elemYYSBE2mBArray = document.querySelectorAll('li#product-item_3325'); if(elemYYSBE2mBArray.length !== 'undefined'){ elemYYSBE2mBArray.forEach(function(element) { if (element) { element.style.display = 'none'; } }); }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-3325-67b656887f89f"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "504px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-3325-67b656887f89f span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.666666666667%"; }</script> <script type="text/javascript"> var elemTg5qvyMzArray = document.querySelectorAll('li#product-item_3328'); if(elemTg5qvyMzArray.length !== 'undefined'){ elemTg5qvyMzArray.forEach(function(element) { if (element) { element.style.display = 'none'; } }); }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-3328-67b65688809f3"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "504px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-3328-67b65688809f3 span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.666666666667%"; }</script> <script type="text/javascript"> var elemwsM94XwLArray = document.querySelectorAll('li#product-item_10512'); if(elemwsM94XwLArray.length !== 'undefined'){ elemwsM94XwLArray.forEach(function(element) { if (element) { element.style.display = 'none'; } }); }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-10512-67b6568881be6"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "504px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-10512-67b6568881be6 span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.666666666667%"; }</script> <script type="text/javascript"> var elemh7bJvLexArray = document.querySelectorAll('li#product-item_63649'); if(elemh7bJvLexArray.length !== 'undefined'){ elemh7bJvLexArray.forEach(function(element) { if (element) { element.style.display = 'none'; } }); }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-63649-67b6568882d71"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "504px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-63649-67b6568882d71 span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.666666666667%"; }</script> <script type="text/javascript"> var elemRdN0grWqArray = document.querySelectorAll('li#product-item_3326'); if(elemRdN0grWqArray.length !== 'undefined'){ elemRdN0grWqArray.forEach(function(element) { if (element) { element.style.display = 'none'; } }); }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-3326-67b65688839f5"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "504px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-3326-67b65688839f5 span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.666666666667%"; }</script> <script type="text/javascript"> var elempzFBP6y0Array = document.querySelectorAll('li#product-item_3334'); if(elempzFBP6y0Array.length !== 'undefined'){ elempzFBP6y0Array.forEach(function(element) { if (element) { element.style.display = 'none'; } }); }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-3334-67b6568884a64"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "504px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-3334-67b6568884a64 span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.666666666667%"; }</script> <script type="text/javascript"> var elemnLOCvPjWArray = document.querySelectorAll('li#product-item_3383'); if(elemnLOCvPjWArray.length !== 'undefined'){ elemnLOCvPjWArray.forEach(function(element) { if (element) { element.style.display = 'none'; } }); }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-3383-67b65688858b3"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "504px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-3383-67b65688858b3 span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.666666666667%"; }</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "body": { "requireCookie": {"noCookieUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/cookie\/index\/noCookies\/","triggers":[".action.towishlist"],"isRedirectCmsPage":true} } }</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "*": { "Magento_Catalog/js/product/view/provider": { "data": {"items":{"4424":{"add_to_cart_button":{"post_data":"{\"action\":\"https:\\\/\\\/extension.psu.edu\\\/checkout\\\/cart\\\/add\\\/uenc\\\/%25uenc%25\\\/product\\\/4424\\\/\",\"data\":{\"product\":\"4424\",\"uenc\":\"%uenc%\"}}","url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/checkout\/cart\/add\/uenc\/%25uenc%25\/product\/4424\/","required_options":false},"add_to_compare_button":{"post_data":null,"url":"{\"action\":\"https:\\\/\\\/extension.psu.edu\\\/catalog\\\/product_compare\\\/add\\\/\",\"data\":{\"product\":\"4424\",\"uenc\":\"aHR0cHM6Ly9leHRlbnNpb24ucHN1LmVkdS9kZXRlcm1pbmluZy1wYXN0dXJlLXlpZWxk\"}}","required_options":null},"price_info":{"final_price":0.5,"max_price":0.5,"max_regular_price":0.5,"minimal_regular_price":0.5,"special_price":null,"minimal_price":0.5,"regular_price":0.5,"formatted_prices":{"final_price":"<span class=\"price\">$0.50<\/span>","max_price":"<span class=\"price\">$0.50<\/span>","minimal_price":"<span class=\"price\">$0.50<\/span>","max_regular_price":"<span class=\"price\">$0.50<\/span>","minimal_regular_price":null,"special_price":null,"regular_price":"<span class=\"price\">$0.50<\/span>"},"extension_attributes":{"msrp":{"msrp_price":"<span class=\"price\">$0.00<\/span>","is_applicable":"","is_shown_price_on_gesture":"","msrp_message":"","explanation_message":"Our price is lower than the manufacturer's "minimum advertised price." As a result, we cannot show you the price in catalog or the product page. <br><br> You have no obligation to purchase the product once you know the price. You can simply remove the item from your cart."},"tax_adjustments":{"final_price":0.5,"max_price":0.5,"max_regular_price":0.5,"minimal_regular_price":0.5,"special_price":0.5,"minimal_price":0.5,"regular_price":0.5,"formatted_prices":{"final_price":"<span class=\"price\">$0.50<\/span>","max_price":"<span class=\"price\">$0.50<\/span>","minimal_price":"<span class=\"price\">$0.50<\/span>","max_regular_price":"<span class=\"price\">$0.50<\/span>","minimal_regular_price":null,"special_price":"<span class=\"price\">$0.50<\/span>","regular_price":"<span class=\"price\">$0.50<\/span>"}},"weee_attributes":[],"weee_adjustment":"<span class=\"price\">$0.50<\/span>"}},"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/media\/catalog\/product\/c\/5\/c58adba14cd2457049ec6fc0968fff3c.jpeg?width=240&height=300&canvas=240,300&quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds","code":"recently_viewed_products_grid_content_widget","height":300,"width":240,"label":"Determining Pasture Yield","resized_width":240,"resized_height":300},{"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/media\/catalog\/product\/c\/5\/c58adba14cd2457049ec6fc0968fff3c.jpeg?width=270&height=340&canvas=270,340&quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds","code":"recently_viewed_products_list_content_widget","height":340,"width":270,"label":"Determining Pasture Yield","resized_width":270,"resized_height":340},{"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/media\/catalog\/product\/c\/5\/c58adba14cd2457049ec6fc0968fff3c.jpeg?width=75&height=90&canvas=75,90&quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds","code":"recently_viewed_products_images_names_widget","height":90,"width":75,"label":"Determining Pasture Yield","resized_width":75,"resized_height":90},{"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/media\/catalog\/product\/c\/5\/c58adba14cd2457049ec6fc0968fff3c.jpeg?width=240&height=300&canvas=240,300&quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds","code":"recently_compared_products_grid_content_widget","height":300,"width":240,"label":"Determining Pasture Yield","resized_width":240,"resized_height":300},{"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/media\/catalog\/product\/c\/5\/c58adba14cd2457049ec6fc0968fff3c.jpeg?width=270&height=340&canvas=270,340&quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds","code":"recently_compared_products_list_content_widget","height":340,"width":270,"label":"Determining Pasture Yield","resized_width":270,"resized_height":340},{"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/media\/catalog\/product\/c\/5\/c58adba14cd2457049ec6fc0968fff3c.jpeg?width=75&height=90&canvas=75,90&quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds","code":"recently_compared_products_images_names_widget","height":90,"width":75,"label":"Determining Pasture Yield","resized_width":75,"resized_height":90}],"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/determining-pasture-yield","id":4424,"name":"Determining Pasture Yield","type":"downloadable","is_salable":"","store_id":2,"currency_code":"USD","extension_attributes":{"wishlist_button":{"post_data":null,"url":"{\"action\":\"https:\\\/\\\/extension.psu.edu\\\/wishlist\\\/index\\\/add\\\/\",\"data\":{\"product\":4424,\"uenc\":\"aHR0cHM6Ly9leHRlbnNpb24ucHN1LmVkdS9kZXRlcm1pbmluZy1wYXN0dXJlLXlpZWxk\"}}","required_options":null},"review_html":" <div class=\"product-reviews-summary short empty\"><div class=\"reviews-actions\"><a class=\"action add\" href=\"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/determining-pasture-yield#review-form\">Be the first to review this product<\/a><\/div><\/div>"},"is_available":false}},"store":"2","currency":"USD","productCurrentScope":"website"} } } }</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "*": { "Magento_Customer/js/block-submit-on-send": { "formId": "newsletter-validate-detail" } } }</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "*": { "Magento_Ui/js/core/app": { "components": { "storage-manager": { "component": "Magento_Catalog/js/storage-manager", "appendTo": "", "storagesConfiguration" : {"recently_viewed_product":{"requestConfig":{"syncUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/catalog\/product\/frontend_action_synchronize\/"},"lifetime":"1000","allowToSendRequest":null},"recently_compared_product":{"requestConfig":{"syncUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/catalog\/product\/frontend_action_synchronize\/"},"lifetime":"1000","allowToSendRequest":null},"product_data_storage":{"updateRequestConfig":{"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/rest\/extensions\/V1\/products-render-info"},"requestConfig":{"syncUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/catalog\/product\/frontend_action_synchronize\/"},"allowToSendRequest":null}} } } } } }</script> <script type="text/javascript">window.socialloginButtons = '\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u003Cdiv\u0020class\u003D\u0022sociallogin\u002Dwrapper\u0020block\u002Dcustomer\u002Dlogin\u0020login\u002Dcontainer\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv\u0020class\u003D\u0022block\u0020sociallogin\u002Dblock\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv\u0020class\u003D\u0022sociallogin\u002Dblock\u002Dtitle\u0020block\u002Dtitle\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u0020role\u003D\u0022heading\u0022\u0020aria\u002Dlevel\u003D\u00222\u0022\u003ESign\u0020In\u0020with\u0020Social\u0020Profile\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv\u0020class\u003D\u0022sociallogin\u002Dpadding\u0022\u003E\u0020\u003Cdiv\u0020class\u003D\u0022sociallogin\u002Dbox\u0022\u003E\u003Ca\u0020class\u003D\u0022sociallogin\u002Dbutton\u0020button\u002Dgoogle\u0022\u0020rel\u003D\u0022nofollow\u0022\u0020href\u003D\u0022javascri'+'pt\u003Avoid\u00280\u0029\u003B\u0022\u0020data\u002Dhref\u003D\u0022https\u003A\u002F\u002Faccounts.google.com\u002Fo\u002Foauth2\u002Fv2\u002Fauth\u003Fscope\u003Demail\u002Bprofile\u002Bhttps\u00253A\u00252F\u00252Fwww.googleapis.com\u00252Fauth\u00252Fuserinfo.email\u002Bhttps\u00253A\u00252F\u00252Fwww.googleapis.com\u00252Fauth\u00252Fuserinfo.profile\u002Bopenid\u0026access_type\u003Doffline\u0026include_granted_scopes\u003Dtrue\u0026state\u003Dstate_parameter_passthrough_value\u0026client_id\u003D245363440107\u002Dm0ebl7d59vvmacjoen5t8sn21ghrov1c.apps.googleusercontent.com\u0026redirect_uri\u003Dhttps\u003A\u002F\u002Fextension.psu.edu\u002Fsociallogin\u002Faccount\u002Flogin\u002Ftype\u002Fgoogle\u002F\u0026response_type\u003Dcode\u0022\u0020\u003E\u003Cspan\u0020class\u003D\u0022sociallogin\u002Dicon\u0020sl\u002Dgoogle\u0022\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u0020\u003Cdiv\u0020class\u003D\u0022sociallogin\u002Dbox\u0022\u003E\u003Ca\u0020class\u003D\u0022sociallogin\u002Dbutton\u0020button\u002Dtwitter\u0022\u0020rel\u003D\u0022nofollow\u0022\u0020href\u003D\u0022javascri'+'pt\u003Avoid\u00280\u0029\u003B\u0022\u0020data\u002Dhref\u003D\u0022\u0022\u0020\u003E\u003Cspan\u0020class\u003D\u0022sociallogin\u002Dicon\u0020sl\u002Dtwitter\u0022\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cscri'+'pt\u003E\u000A\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020if\u0020\u0028window.socialloginButtons\u0029\u0020\u007B\u000A\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020window.emailFormUrl\u0020\u003D\u0020\u0022https\u003A\u002F\u002Fextension.psu.edu\u002Fsociallogin\u002Faccount\u002Femail\u002F\u0022\u003B\u000A\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020window.twitterOauthUrl\u0020\u003D\u0020\u0022https\u003A\u002F\u002Fextension.psu.edu\u002Fsociallogin\u002Fajax\u002Ftwitteroauth\u002F\u0022\u003B\u000A\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020window.cartPageAccordionState\u0020\u003D\u0020\u0022\u0022\u003B\u000A\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020window.isCustomer\u0020\u003D\u0020\u0022\u0022\u003B\u000A\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020window.isSlCustomPopupUsed\u0020\u003D\u0020\u00221\u0022\u003B\u000A\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020require\u0028\u005B\u0027sociallogin\u0027\u005D,\u0020function\u0028\u0029\u007B\u000A\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020sl.socialLoginClick\u0028\u0029\u003B\u000A\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020sl.slWidgetInit\u0028\u00272\u0027\u0029\u003B\u000A\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020sl.sendEmailClick\u0028\u0029\u003B\u000A\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020sl.emailPopUp\u0028\u0029\u003B\u000A\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u007D\u0029\u003B\u000A\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u007D\u003C\u002Fscri'+'pt\u003E';</script> <script>try { smileTracker.addPageVar('type.identifier', 'catalog_product_view'); smileTracker.addPageVar('type.label', 'Catalog Product View (Any)'); smileTracker.addPageVar('locale', 'en_US'); } catch (err) { ; }</script> <script>try { smileTracker.addPageVar('product.id', '4424'); smileTracker.addPageVar('product.label', 'Determining Pasture Yield'); smileTracker.addPageVar('product.sku', 'ART-1378'); } catch (err) { ; }</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "*": { "stickyHeader": {} } }</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> {"*": {"Magento_Catalog/js/productCustom": {}}}</script> <script nonce="ajZ6enJpdjN0ZnBleDJtZGg3bmE4OWgxYWo3NDlxcDY=" > window.ga4ParentVsChild = 'parent'; window.ga4VariantEnabled = '0'; require(['jquery','weltpixel_ga4_persistentLayer','weltpixel_ga4_gtm', 'Magento_Customer/js/customer-data'], function ($, wpGa4PersDl ,wpGa4gtm, customerData) { if (window.ga4AllowServices) { $(document).ajaxComplete(function (event, xhr, settings) { if (settings.url.search('/customer\/section\/load/') > 0) { var response = xhr.responseJSON; if (response.wp_ga4) { var dataLayerData = $.parseJSON(response.wp_ga4.datalayer); for (index in dataLayerData) { window.dataLayer.push({ecommerce: null}); window.dataLayer.push(dataLayerData[index]); } } } }); var wpPersDlOptions = {'storageExpiryTime': 30 }; var wpGtmOptions = { 'enabled': 0, 'persDataLayer': wpGa4PersDl }; wpGa4PersDl.init(wpPersDlOptions); wpGa4gtm.trackPromotion(wpGtmOptions); } });</script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"NRJS-de4732d74895307f015","applicationID":"1105275877","transactionName":"Zl1XZxcAXUBXVEVZDV8XdFARCFxdGVRQRANdV1IcFRNcV0NURR8UWF1C","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":1059,"atts":"ShpAEV8aTh8UVhMKGUxF","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body></html>