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The Notre Dame Deloitte Center for Ethical Leadership | Mendoza College of Business | University of Notre Dame

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equip and inspire values-based leaders.</p><div class="page-lede"><p aria-hidden="true">We empower values-driven business leaders to foster ethical decision-making, inspire innovative change, and build flourishing organizations.</p><p class="text-right"><a class="btn btn-more" href="https://signup.e2ma.net/signup/1983052/1962049/">Join Our Email List</a></p></div><div class="page-image right"><img src="https://content.mendoza.nd.edu/transform/31ff37a3-0be5-45e9-8a26-d070d6e3ee45/NDDCEL_HOME_HERO" alt="College students and faculty standing on balcony of high-rise, mid-discussion" width="800" height="400" srcSet=" https://content.mendoza.nd.edu/transform/31ff37a3-0be5-45e9-8a26-d070d6e3ee45/NDDCEL_HOME_HERO?io=transform:fit,width:800,height:400 800w, https://content.mendoza.nd.edu/transform/31ff37a3-0be5-45e9-8a26-d070d6e3ee45/NDDCEL_HOME_HERO?io=transform:fit,width:1200,height:600 1200w, https://content.mendoza.nd.edu/transform/31ff37a3-0be5-45e9-8a26-d070d6e3ee45/NDDCEL_HOME_HERO?io=transform:fit,width:1600,height:800 1600w " sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"/></div></div><main class="page-main page-bottom-padding" role="main" data-blok-c="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;page&quot;,&quot;space&quot;:&quot;1016826&quot;,&quot;uid&quot;:&quot;2e62902e-b2de-4c6a-b222-cacc4eda1b23&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;9064113&quot;}" data-blok-uid="9064113-2e62902e-b2de-4c6a-b222-cacc4eda1b23"><h2 class="page-title" data-blok-c="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;hero&quot;,&quot;space&quot;:&quot;1016826&quot;,&quot;uid&quot;:&quot;bd8d7e35-6066-4eba-85d7-bc5beb5647f9&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;9064113&quot;}" data-blok-uid="9064113-bd8d7e35-6066-4eba-85d7-bc5beb5647f9">Inform, equip and inspire values-based leaders.</h2><div class="page-lede"><p aria-hidden="true">We empower values-driven business leaders to foster ethical decision-making, inspire innovative change, and build flourishing organizations.</p><p><a class="btn btn-more" href="https://signup.e2ma.net/signup/1983052/1962049/">Join Our Email List</a></p></div><div class="section none" style="padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:64px"><div class="AdvancedGrid_gridContainer__qohzj advanced-grid"><div class="Column_col-12__37M3y Column_col-md-6__2rBmn Column_col-lg-4__deaYQ Column_col-lg-start-2__4pNwp"><div class="text-editor-container " data-blok-c="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;pageIntro&quot;,&quot;space&quot;:&quot;1016826&quot;,&quot;uid&quot;:&quot;ba29bd60-1264-4421-a486-578e7cde0add&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;9064113&quot;}" data-blok-uid="9064113-ba29bd60-1264-4421-a486-578e7cde0add"><h2>We work toward just, resilient, and flourishing communities</h2></div></div><div class="Column_col-12__37M3y Column_col-md-6__2rBmn Column_col-lg-6__RmyHP"><div class="text-editor-container " data-blok-c="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;pageIntro&quot;,&quot;space&quot;:&quot;1016826&quot;,&quot;uid&quot;:&quot;db7bc38d-4ab3-4ae8-bf13-ddf97e6c5d8c&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;9064113&quot;}" data-blok-uid="9064113-db7bc38d-4ab3-4ae8-bf13-ddf97e6c5d8c"><p>By advancing thought leadership, applying scholarly research, and engaging students, the Notre Dame Deloitte Center for Ethical Leadership (NDDCEL) informs, equips, and inspires values-based business leaders who work toward just, resilient, and flourishing communities.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="section section--light bg-full-bleed"><div class=""><div class="heading-action"><h2 class="section-title">Recent Thought Leadership</h2><a class="btn btn-inline btn-more" href="/thought-leadership">View All</a></div><div class="RecentThoughtLeadership_grid-cols-2__8otJ8"></div></div></div><div class="section section--dark bg-dark-compass-texture bg-full-bleed"><h2 class="section-title">Areas of Focus</h2><ul class="no-bullets grid icon-card-grid grid-lg-3" data-blok-c="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;grid&quot;,&quot;space&quot;:&quot;1016826&quot;,&quot;uid&quot;:&quot;d494b999-a38f-483a-a0e8-ce29750d8223&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;9064113&quot;}" data-blok-uid="9064113-d494b999-a38f-483a-a0e8-ce29750d8223"><li aria-label="Values &amp; Decision Making" typeof="Card" class=" icon-item" data-blok-c="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;card&quot;,&quot;space&quot;:&quot;1016826&quot;,&quot;uid&quot;:&quot;0e49298b-5e18-4810-9677-410efe174578&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;9064113&quot;}" data-blok-uid="9064113-0e49298b-5e18-4810-9677-410efe174578"><h3 class="icon-item-heading" property="headline"><a class="icon-item-link" href="/thought-leadership?focusAreas=values-and-decision-making&amp;page=1#tl-results">Values &amp; Decision Making</a></h3><img src="https://a-us.storyblok.com/f/1016826/32x32/728468f8f1/scale.svg" alt="scale icon" property="image" loading="lazy" class="icon-item-image"/></li><li aria-label="Workplace Culture " 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src="https://a-us.storyblok.com/f/1016826/1254x837/9decc4569e/lightbulb.jpg/m/600x400/smart/filters:format(webp)" alt="Lightbulb drawing on a chalkboard" property="image" height="400" width="600" loading="lazy" class="ThoughtLeadershipCard_card-image-img__p8yZT"/></div><div class="card-body hover-more"><h3 class="card-title" property="headline"><a class="card-link" aria-label="Go to To lead in a divided world, learn how to close the empathy gap." href="/thought-leadership/to-influence-others-bridge-the-moral-empathy-gap">To lead in a divided world, learn how to close the empathy gap.</a></h3></div></div></li><li><div class="card hover-grow hover-bg tl-card"><div class="ThoughtLeadershipCard_card-image__PPSZa"><div class="ThoughtLeadershipCard_card-image-type__cEvGR">Article</div><img src="https://a-us.storyblok.com/f/1016826/2400x2309/052074df27/people-leaving-work.jpeg/m/600x400/smart/filters:format(webp)" alt="People leaving work" property="image" height="400" width="600" loading="lazy" class="ThoughtLeadershipCard_card-image-img__p8yZT"/></div><div class="card-body hover-more"><h3 class="card-title" property="headline"><a class="card-link" aria-label="Go to Will meaningful work make your employees moral?" href="/thought-leadership/will-meaningful-work-make-your-employees-moral">Will meaningful work make your employees moral?</a></h3></div></div></li><li><div class="card hover-grow hover-bg tl-card"><div class="ThoughtLeadershipCard_card-image__PPSZa"><div class="ThoughtLeadershipCard_card-image-type__cEvGR">Article</div><img src="https://a-us.storyblok.com/f/1016826/1375x763/2b95da9ed9/istock_806822594.jpg/m/600x400/smart/filters:format(webp)" alt="woman peering through windows" property="image" height="400" width="600" loading="lazy" class="ThoughtLeadershipCard_card-image-img__p8yZT"/></div><div class="card-body hover-more"><h3 class="card-title" property="headline"><a class="card-link" aria-label="Go to Are you a cynic? It might be hurting your career." href="/thought-leadership/dont-let-cynicism-ruin-your-career">Are you a cynic? It might be hurting your career.</a></h3></div></div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section section--light bg-full-bleed" style="padding-top:40px;padding-bottom:48px"><div class=" "><div class="heading-action"><h2>Upcoming Events</h2><a class="btn btn-inline btn-more" href="/events">View All</a></div><div class="grid grid-gap grid-md-2" data-blok-c="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;popularEventsArticles&quot;,&quot;space&quot;:&quot;1016826&quot;,&quot;uid&quot;:&quot;eaca248c-9605-4ba0-8b34-d1124108e1c3&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;9064113&quot;}" data-blok-uid="9064113-eaca248c-9605-4ba0-8b34-d1124108e1c3"></div></div></div><div class="section section-image-right section--dark bg-dark-compass-texture bg-full-bleed" style="padding-top:100px;padding-bottom:22px"><div class="grid ribbon grid-md-2 bg-full-bleed align-center image-offset section--alt none" data-blok-c="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ribbon&quot;,&quot;space&quot;:&quot;1016826&quot;,&quot;uid&quot;:&quot;9ddf2a64-7d89-4995-b99b-1f6c0299980a&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;9064113&quot;}" data-blok-uid="9064113-9ddf2a64-7d89-4995-b99b-1f6c0299980a"><figure class="section-image"><img src="https://a-us.storyblok.com/f/1016826/704x486/706388de58/home-about.webp/m/1200x675/filters:quality(80)" srcSet=" https://a-us.storyblok.com/f/1016826/704x486/706388de58/home-about.webp/m/600x338/filters:quality(80) 600w, https://a-us.storyblok.com/f/1016826/704x486/706388de58/home-about.webp/m/800x450/filters:quality(80) 800w, https://a-us.storyblok.com/f/1016826/704x486/706388de58/home-about.webp/m/1200x675/filters:quality(80) 1200w " sizes="(max-width: 600px) 600px, (max-width: 800px) 800w, 1200w" alt="View of the University of Notre Dame campus in autumn, with a stone building surrounded by trees." width="600" height="338" loading="lazy"/></figure><div class="section-body"><h2 class="section-title">About NDDCEL</h2><p>Our Center arose from a partnership between the University of Notre Dame and the professional services firm Deloitte. 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B. Yeats","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"},{"type":"italic"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The poet W. B. Yeats was describing the aftermath of World War I, but he might as well have been discussing the political climate today, almost a century later. As the below graphic from the Pew Research Center shows, Americans are far more partisan than they were just two decades ago, and they now tend to regard members of the opposing political party with distrust and animosity.","type":"text"}]}]},"section":false,"component":"pageIntro","blockCenter":false,"sectionLabel":"","sectionTitle":"","sectionTopPadding":"","sectionBottomPadding":"","sectionBackgroundColor":"","sectionBackgroundTexture":"","sectionBackgroundFullBleed":false,"_editable":"\u003c!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"pageIntro\", \"space\": \"1016826\", \"uid\": \"492f09b8-d7ef-4c20-b28e-89477a4cc2b7\", \"id\": \"14043154\"}--\u003e"}],"portrait":false,"component":"floatingImages","_editable":"\u003c!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"floatingImages\", \"space\": \"1016826\", \"uid\": \"f7a70c4f-c0ee-4cae-a988-527600050690\", \"id\": \"14043154\"}--\u003e"},{"_uid":"601aa4b2-09ed-48e7-b70f-b9207d6f7445","type":"image-default","image":{"id":964734,"alt":"Democrat vs. Republican graphics","name":"","focus":"","title":"polarization","source":"","filename":"https://a-us.storyblok.com/f/1016826/640x400/440f5d9a23/polarization.png","copyright":"","fieldtype":"asset","meta_data":{"alt":"Democrat vs. Republican graphics","title":"polarization","source":"","copyright":""},"is_external_url":false},"caption":"","content":[{"_uid":"20a7499c-0a15-4c58-b574-8f995c4a6b81","intro1":{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Twenty years ago, there was a significant overlap between the views of liberals and conservatives, but now a widening chasm has taken its place. This makes it harder than ever to find common ground when we discuss important issues with our friends and colleagues. It also creates a difficult situation for CEOs and other senior leaders. They know their followers ","type":"text"},{"text":"want","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.forbes.com/sites/joshbersin/2018/09/05/yes-ceos-you-do-need-to-speak-up-on-social-issues/#2a64d8d55898","uuid":null,"anchor":null,"target":null,"linktype":"url"}}]},{"text":" them to take a stand on important social issues. But can they really speak up about what matters without alienating some of their customers, employees, and investors?","type":"text"}]}]},"section":false,"component":"pageIntro","blockCenter":false,"sectionLabel":"","sectionTitle":"","sectionTopPadding":"","sectionBottomPadding":"","sectionBackgroundColor":"","sectionBackgroundTexture":"","sectionBackgroundFullBleed":false,"_editable":"\u003c!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"pageIntro\", \"space\": \"1016826\", \"uid\": \"20a7499c-0a15-4c58-b574-8f995c4a6b81\", \"id\": \"14043154\"}--\u003e"}],"portrait":false,"component":"floatingImages","_editable":"\u003c!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"floatingImages\", \"space\": \"1016826\", \"uid\": \"601aa4b2-09ed-48e7-b70f-b9207d6f7445\", \"id\": \"14043154\"}--\u003e"},{"_uid":"3d74d438-0e1e-469c-82ec-2807a4c5880f","intro1":{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"content":[{"text":"The Moral Empathy Gap: Why We Fail to Find Common Ground","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Researchers Matthew Feinberg and Robb Willer hypothesize that one reason we fail to find common ground when interacting with others is that we have a ","type":"text"},{"text":"moral empathy gap","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"text":". By \"moral empathy gap\" they mean that we fail to properly understand what underlies others' moral convictions because we focus too exclusively on ","type":"text"},{"text":"our own","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}]},{"text":" reasons, convictions, and values. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Feinberg and Willer ground their hypothesis in Moral Foundations Theory (MFT). MFT proposes that there are five primary areas of concern—five moral foundations—that form the basis of our moral judgments. They are:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"bullet_list","content":[{"type":"list_item","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Care","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"text":" - The need to prevent or alleviate suffering.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"list_item","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fairness","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"text":" - The need to seek equality and prevent discrimination.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"list_item","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Loyalty","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"text":" - The need to show allegiance to one’s own group.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"list_item","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Authority","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"text":" - The need to respect superiors and tradition.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"list_item","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Sanctity","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"text":" - The need to maintain sacredness and purity.","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Researchers have discovered that when a serious disagreement arises between two people or groups, it is often because they do not endorse the same moral foundations, or they prioritize them differently. Liberals, for example, tend to endorse the ","type":"text"},{"text":"care","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"text":" and ","type":"text"},{"text":"fairness","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"text":" foundations more than conservatives. And conservatives tend to endorse the ","type":"text"},{"text":"loyalty","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"text":", ","type":"text"},{"text":"authority","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"text":", and ","type":"text"},{"text":"sanctity","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"text":" foundations more strongly than liberals.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The moral empathy gap arises when we forget to take the other person's perspective and think about the moral foundations that motivate him or her.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Feinberg and Willer recruited liberals and conservations, and asked them to try to persuade each other. They asked liberals to write a essay in support of a \"liberal\" issue, one that most liberals support (in this case, the issue was same-sex marriage), but in a way that would convince a conservative to support the issue as well. What happened? Most liberals appealed only to their ","type":"text"},{"text":"own","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}]},{"text":" moral foundations, not those that mattered most to conservatives. Conservative participants were asked to convince liberals to support a more conservative issue (in this case, making English the official language of the U.S.). The conservatives also appealed almost exclusively to the moral foundations they endorse, not those that liberals endorse.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"content":[{"text":"Moral Reframing: The Art of Seeing Another’s Moral Point of View","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"text":" ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Feinberg and Willer introduce a technique they call \"","type":"text"},{"text":"moral reframing","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"text":"\" that they say can help us bridge the empathy gap. The technique involves presenting an issue in such a way that it appeals to the moral foundation of the receiver or audience, rather than the moral foundation of the messenger.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"What might this look like? Imagine you're reading a magazine, and you come across ad from an environmental organization asking for donations. It says:","type":"text"}]}]},"section":false,"component":"pageIntro","blockCenter":false,"sectionLabel":"","sectionTitle":"","sectionTopPadding":"","sectionBottomPadding":"","sectionBackgroundColor":"","sectionBackgroundTexture":"","sectionBackgroundFullBleed":false,"_editable":"\u003c!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"pageIntro\", \"space\": \"1016826\", \"uid\": \"3d74d438-0e1e-469c-82ec-2807a4c5880f\", \"id\": \"14043154\"}--\u003e"},{"_uid":"099ddd6a-e8bc-43c5-a74f-7be9ffe53bce","quote":"\"Save the environment! Protect it from harm—for our sake and for others' sake; it's only fair.\"","style":"none","source":"","component":"blockquote","_editable":"\u003c!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"blockquote\", \"space\": \"1016826\", \"uid\": \"099ddd6a-e8bc-43c5-a74f-7be9ffe53bce\", \"id\": \"14043154\"}--\u003e"},{"_uid":"d17b1b7e-cf8d-4a37-8746-de4420b079ed","intro1":{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"This ad would likely appeal to liberals, who prioritize the ","type":"text"},{"text":"care","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"text":" and ","type":"text"},{"text":"fairness","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"text":" moral foundations. But it may not connect with conservatives. Instead, what if the ad appealed to the moral foundation of ","type":"text"},{"text":"sanctity","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"text":"? For example:","type":"text"}]}]},"section":false,"component":"pageIntro","blockCenter":false,"sectionLabel":"","sectionTitle":"","sectionTopPadding":"","sectionBottomPadding":"","sectionBackgroundColor":"","sectionBackgroundTexture":"","sectionBackgroundFullBleed":false,"_editable":"\u003c!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"pageIntro\", \"space\": \"1016826\", \"uid\": \"d17b1b7e-cf8d-4a37-8746-de4420b079ed\", \"id\": \"14043154\"}--\u003e"},{"_uid":"30950deb-9fa7-47d3-9a3a-3ecf202e5823","quote":"\"Maintain the purity of the natural world! We have a sacred duty to preserve its cleanliness and serenity.\"","style":"none","source":"","component":"blockquote","_editable":"\u003c!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"blockquote\", \"space\": \"1016826\", \"uid\": \"30950deb-9fa7-47d3-9a3a-3ecf202e5823\", \"id\": \"14043154\"}--\u003e"},{"_uid":"481648e6-5669-4680-af44-84559cde8748","intro1":{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The second ad is more likely to spark the interest of conservative readers, helping them suddenly see that environmentalism may align with the values they already hold dear.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Unfortunately, such moral framing is rare. Feinberg and Willer analyzed more than 400 major newspaper op-eds on environmentalism along with more than 50 of the most popular YouTube videos on environmentalism, and they found that, like the first example above, the content of these articles and videos tended to appeal to the ","type":"text"},{"text":"care","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"text":" and ","type":"text"},{"text":"fairness","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"text":" foundations while ignoring the ","type":"text"},{"text":"loyalty","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"text":", ","type":"text"},{"text":"authority","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"text":", and ","type":"text"},{"text":"sanctity ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"text":"foundations. So no matter how high quality, engaging, or well-reasoned this content may be, it is not positioned well to win over new supporters for the cause of environmentalism.","type":"text"}]}]},"section":false,"component":"pageIntro","blockCenter":false,"sectionLabel":"","sectionTitle":"","sectionTopPadding":"","sectionBottomPadding":"","sectionBackgroundColor":"","sectionBackgroundTexture":"","sectionBackgroundFullBleed":false,"_editable":"\u003c!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"pageIntro\", \"space\": \"1016826\", \"uid\": \"481648e6-5669-4680-af44-84559cde8748\", \"id\": \"14043154\"}--\u003e"},{"_uid":"681d1312-7f55-4128-8003-59cff1a92937","image":{"id":964748,"alt":"Political Persuasion","name":"","focus":"","title":"Political Persuasion","source":"","filename":"https://a-us.storyblok.com/f/1016826/640x480/7def76a658/political-persuasion.jpg","copyright":"","fieldtype":"asset","meta_data":{"alt":"Political Persuasion","title":"Political Persuasion","source":"","copyright":""},"is_external_url":false},"title":"","section":false,"component":"videos","youtubeUrl":"nEUVSaptjsw","sectionLabel":"","sectionTitle":"","sectionTopPadding":"","sectionBottomPadding":"","sectionBackgroundColor":"","sectionBackgroundTexture":"","sectionBackgroundFullBleed":false,"_editable":"\u003c!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"videos\", \"space\": \"1016826\", \"uid\": \"681d1312-7f55-4128-8003-59cff1a92937\", \"id\": \"14043154\"}--\u003e"},{"_uid":"77d7d66c-667f-49e1-90c8-b81604824c7b","intro1":{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"content":[{"text":"How to Bridge the Moral Empathy Gap","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Each leader faces tough decisions about how to speak about important issues to stakeholders with a wide variety of moral concerns. Here's how moral reframing can help bridge the moral empathy gap and help you connect with diverse audiences.","type":"text"}]}]},"section":false,"component":"pageIntro","blockCenter":false,"sectionLabel":"","sectionTitle":"","sectionTopPadding":"","sectionBottomPadding":"","sectionBackgroundColor":"","sectionBackgroundTexture":"","sectionBackgroundFullBleed":false,"_editable":"\u003c!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"pageIntro\", \"space\": \"1016826\", \"uid\": \"77d7d66c-667f-49e1-90c8-b81604824c7b\", \"id\": \"14043154\"}--\u003e"},{"_uid":"2718ffec-ab02-47ea-afb0-e6179f0ce889","icon":false,"content":[{"_uid":"f6347e4c-f4fc-4f75-ba9a-b30fc3ddace3","intro1":{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"bullet_list","content":[{"type":"list_item","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Listen closely to learn others’ favored moral foundations.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"text":" Listen to the language others use when they speak about moral issues. When you hear a colleague express concern, which foundation lies at its root? Is there a way you can \"speak their language\" about an issue you find important?","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"list_item","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Understand your moral foundations—and how they might get in the way.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"text":" Often a person with strongly held beliefs and values finds it difficult to recognize that not everyone shares his or her convictions. But the most effective ethical leaders recognize that cooperation is possible, even with people whose core convictions differ from their own. Their goal is to build a diverse coalition around a common cause, not lead a cult of like-minded people.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"list_item","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Believe in the prospect of finding common ground.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"text":" Moral foundations theory helps us recognize the sources of our most profound disagreements. But it reveals many things we have in common. Most people understand all five foundations—most of our differences lie in the fact that we simply prioritize some over others. We can learn to respect one another by recognizing that even people who disagree about core issues still likely have some moral concerns in common. ","type":"text"}]}]}]}]},"section":false,"component":"pageIntro","blockCenter":false,"sectionLabel":"","sectionTitle":"","sectionTopPadding":"","sectionBottomPadding":"","sectionBackgroundColor":"","sectionBackgroundTexture":"","sectionBackgroundFullBleed":false,"_editable":"\u003c!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"pageIntro\", \"space\": \"1016826\", \"uid\": \"f6347e4c-f4fc-4f75-ba9a-b30fc3ddace3\", \"id\": \"14043154\"}--\u003e"}],"component":"box","paddingTop":"2rem","paddingLeft":"2rem","paddingRight":"2rem","centerContent":false,"paddingBottom":"2rem","backgroundColor":"light","_editable":"\u003c!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"box\", \"space\": \"1016826\", \"uid\": \"2718ffec-ab02-47ea-afb0-e6179f0ce889\", \"id\": \"14043154\"}--\u003e"},{"_uid":"f885b947-7250-4b68-8de3-5d1a6ecf1431","intro1":{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Our divided world will not be healed over night. But by recognizing and working to close the moral empathy gap, you take a small step toward making trust and cooperation a hallmark of your leadership and your organization.","type":"text"}]}]},"section":false,"component":"pageIntro","blockCenter":false,"sectionLabel":"","sectionTitle":"","sectionTopPadding":"","sectionBottomPadding":"","sectionBackgroundColor":"","sectionBackgroundTexture":"","sectionBackgroundFullBleed":false,"_editable":"\u003c!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"pageIntro\", \"space\": \"1016826\", \"uid\": \"f885b947-7250-4b68-8de3-5d1a6ecf1431\", \"id\": \"14043154\"}--\u003e"}],"datetime":"2024-04-25 00:00","headline":"To lead in a divided world, learn how to close the empathy 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Organizations stand to benefit from this trend—but only if leaders appreciate the potential (and the pitfalls) of meaningful work.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}]}]}]},"section":false,"component":"pageIntro","blockCenter":false,"sectionLabel":"","sectionTitle":"","sectionTopPadding":"","sectionBottomPadding":"","sectionBackgroundColor":"","sectionBackgroundTexture":"","sectionBackgroundFullBleed":false,"_editable":"\u003c!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"pageIntro\", \"space\": \"1016826\", \"uid\": \"873f1006-c8ec-4def-80b3-3a1ccae3a0dc\", \"id\": \"14039890\"}--\u003e"},{"_uid":"f7a70c4f-c0ee-4cae-a988-527600050690","type":"image-right","image":{"id":964720,"alt":"People leaving work","name":"","focus":"","title":"People leaving work","source":"","filename":"https://a-us.storyblok.com/f/1016826/2400x2309/052074df27/people-leaving-work.jpeg","copyright":"","fieldtype":"asset","meta_data":{"alt":"People leaving work","title":"People leaving work","source":"","copyright":""},"is_external_url":false},"caption":"","content":[{"_uid":"492f09b8-d7ef-4c20-b28e-89477a4cc2b7","intro1":{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"As the first wave of COVID-19 surged, so did job losses. Lockdowns went into effect, companies shut their doors, and they began laying off and furloughing employees in droves. The ILO ","type":"text"},{"text":"estimates","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_766949/lang--en/index.htm","uuid":null,"anchor":null,"target":"_self","linktype":"url"}}]},{"text":" that 8.8 percent of global working hours were lost over the course of 2020—the equivalent of 255 million full-time jobs.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Now, as the pandemic is receding, there is a new wave of departing workers. But this time they’re not leaving by necessity but by choice.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2.7 percent of the American workforce ","type":"text"},{"text":"quit their jobs","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.wsj.com/articles/forget-going-back-to-the-officepeople-are-just-quitting-instead-11623576602","uuid":null,"anchor":null,"target":"_self","linktype":"url"}}]},{"text":" in April of 2021. That’s the highest quit rate since the bureau began tracking the number two decades ago. By the end of August of 2021, half of all employees were either actively looking for new work or were open to changing jobs. Texas A\u0026M Management Professor Anthony Klotz began calling this new epoch the ","type":"text"},{"text":"“Great Resignation\".","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-05-10/quit-your-job-how-to-resign-after-covid-pandemic","uuid":null,"anchor":null,"target":"_self","linktype":"url"}}]}]}]},"section":false,"component":"pageIntro","blockCenter":false,"sectionLabel":"","sectionTitle":"","sectionTopPadding":"","sectionBottomPadding":"","sectionBackgroundColor":"","sectionBackgroundTexture":"","sectionBackgroundFullBleed":false,"_editable":"\u003c!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"pageIntro\", \"space\": \"1016826\", \"uid\": \"492f09b8-d7ef-4c20-b28e-89477a4cc2b7\", \"id\": \"14039890\"}--\u003e"}],"portrait":false,"component":"floatingImages","_editable":"\u003c!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"floatingImages\", \"space\": \"1016826\", \"uid\": \"f7a70c4f-c0ee-4cae-a988-527600050690\", \"id\": \"14039890\"}--\u003e"},{"_uid":"3d74d438-0e1e-469c-82ec-2807a4c5880f","intro1":{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Searching for Purpose (Not Perks)","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"styled","attrs":{"class":"h2"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Companies have responded to the “Great Resignation” by giving employees greater autonomy (including remote work), cushier perks, and higher salaries. But these efforts alone haven’t been able to stem the flow of departures. That’s because most employees are not looking for comfort but a chance to contribute. They want work that aligns with their passions and allows them to help others.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"As Mark Hamrick, senior economic analyst at Bankrate, puts it, “There have been a lot of epiphanies and reckonings that have occurred during the time with respect with how we’re prioritizing ultimately our values, and of course how work fits into that.” In many cases, employees are even willing to accept a lower salary in order to get a job they truly believe in. Gallup ","type":"text"},{"text":"finds","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.gallup.com/workplace/351545/great-resignation-really-great-discontent.aspx","uuid":null,"anchor":null,"target":"_self","linktype":"url"}}]},{"text":" that “Disengagement is a better predictor than pay of disloyalty\" and that even companies' most highly paid workers are among those looking for a new job.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"For leaders, this means that thriving during the “Great Resignation” and beyond may require getting a better grasp of two things: ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"ordered_list","attrs":{"order":1},"content":[{"type":"list_item","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"What makes work meaningful? ","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"list_item","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"How meaningful work fits in an overall business strategy?","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The good news is that meaningful work isn’t just the secret to attracting and retaining top talent. It’s also an important force for building a more ethical workplace.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"content":[{"text":"When Meaningful Work Leads to Moral Workplaces","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Researchers find that employees who experience high levels of meaning at work are also more likely to engage in what they call “organizational citizenship behaviors” or OCBs. OCBs are acts of altruism, courtesy, conscientiousness, sportsmanship, civic virtue, and help. Examples include serving as a mentor to a coworker in need, lending a hand to a team member who is struggling, going the extra mile to serve a customer, and cooperating on team projects.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Employees who engage in OCBs aren't merely being nice; they're driving organizational effectiveness. Because they bind teams together, OCBs foster both individual and group-level success. For this reason, ","type":"text"},{"text":"some researchers","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0149206311419662","uuid":null,"anchor":null,"target":"_self","linktype":"url"}}]},{"text":" see OCBs as the main way corporate purpose and values manifest themselves in actual employee behavior and contribute to financial performance.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"As important as OCBs are, they can be difficult to mandate. They are typically actions employees must take voluntarily. And they rarely show up in formal job descriptions or reward systems. Meaningful work, however, does have a strong connection with OCB. For example:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"content":[{"text":"Callings","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Yuna Cho (U. Of Hong Kong) and Winnie Jiang (INSEAD) recently ","type":"text"},{"text":"analyzed","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://journals.aom.org/doi/abs/10.5465/amj.2020.0841","uuid":null,"anchor":null,"target":"_self","linktype":"url"}}]},{"text":" the differences in behavior between two types of employees: 1.) those who approach their work as a calling and 2.) those who approach it as a job only. The job-focused employees find their motivation in financial rewards and in career success. But those who approach their work as a calling have an intrinsic motivation to do their work. Cho and Jiang found that, compared with job-focused employees, calling-focused employees were much more likely to engage in OCBs. Cho and Jiang also discovered that although people who pursue a calling aren’t primarily in it for money, money tends to follow. Cho and Jiang noticed that managers were especially likely to select calling-focused employees to receive raises and promotions.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"content":[{"text":"Passion","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Marina N. Astakhova (U. of Texas at Tyler) ","type":"text"},{"text":"finds","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://rdcu.be/cxoPa","uuid":null,"anchor":null,"target":"_self","linktype":"url"}}]},{"text":" that up to a certain point, a healthy passion for one's work leads to an increase in OCBs. Like calling-oriented employees, they tend to see OCBs as part of their work rather than a distraction from it. She is quick to add, though, that past a certain point, or directed in the wrong ways, passion can become destructive. She finds that passion leads to OCBs, but only so long as employees keep their work in harmony with the rest of their lives.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"content":[{"text":"Mission","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"In addition to personal callings or passions, a connection to an organization's social mission can provide an important source of meaning. A ","type":"text"},{"text":"study","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2017.09.006","uuid":null,"anchor":null,"target":"_self","linktype":"url"}}]},{"text":" by Madeline Ong (Singapore Management University), David M. Mayer (University of Michigan), Leigh P. Tost (USC), and Ned Wellman (USC), revealed that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) efforts often lead to organizational citizenship behaviors. While many companies engage in CSR to enhance their reputation, this new research shows that CSR also has an important effect within the organization by shaping employees' attitudes and behaviors.","type":"text"}]}]},"section":false,"component":"pageIntro","blockCenter":false,"sectionLabel":"","sectionTitle":"","sectionTopPadding":"","sectionBottomPadding":"","sectionBackgroundColor":"","sectionBackgroundTexture":"","sectionBackgroundFullBleed":false,"_editable":"\u003c!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"pageIntro\", \"space\": \"1016826\", \"uid\": \"3d74d438-0e1e-469c-82ec-2807a4c5880f\", \"id\": \"14039890\"}--\u003e"},{"_uid":"2718ffec-ab02-47ea-afb0-e6179f0ce889","icon":false,"content":[{"_uid":"f6347e4c-f4fc-4f75-ba9a-b30fc3ddace3","intro1":{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"content":[{"text":"Put it in Practice","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"While meaningful work can be a positive force, it's not a silver bullet. Meaningful work can also be misused and misdirected. The task for leaders is to allow for and enable meaningful work without doing so in an overbearing or manipulative way. Here are three areas to focus on your organization:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"ordered_list","attrs":{"order":1},"content":[{"type":"list_item","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Promote Passion—Not Obsession: ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"text":"Researchers ","type":"text"},{"text":"make a helpful distinction","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://books.google.com/books?id=bfsnDwAAQBAJ\u0026lpg=PA175\u0026ots=cnRcei9gGN\u0026dq=Vallerand%20and%20Houlfort%202003%20passion\u0026lr\u0026pg=PA175#v=onepage\u0026q=Vallerand%20and%20Houlfort%202003%20passion\u0026f=false","uuid":null,"anchor":null,"target":"_self","linktype":"url"}}]},{"text":" between two kinds of passion: harmonious work passion and obsessive work passion. Taken too far, passion for work backfires because it causes work to take over one's life. For this reason, excessive passion crowds out OCB rather than encouraging OCB. People with obsessive passion are also more likely to pursue their goals in an unethical manner and they're more likely to burn out.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"list_item","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Select for Competence + Calling: ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"text":"Sometimes “managers ","type":"text"},{"text":"misperceive","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2020.0841","uuid":null,"anchor":null,"target":"_self","linktype":"url"}}]},{"text":" their employees’ calling orientation toward work as evidence of better performance and a stronger commitment to the organization.” But it's important to recognize that a person who approaches work as a calling isn't automatically the best candidate for the job or promotion. Find instead an employee who is highly competent and feels called to their work.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"list_item","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Motivate, But Don’t Manipulate: ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"text":"Prior to the pandemic, ","type":"text"},{"text":"The Atlantic","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}]},{"text":" writer Derek Thompson called \"","type":"text"},{"text":"workism","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/02/religion-workism-making-americans-miserable/583441/","uuid":null,"anchor":null,"target":"_self","linktype":"url"}}]},{"text":"\" one of the \"most potent of the new religions competing for congregants.\" One of the side effects of the pandemic is that it caused, for many, a kind of \"forced sabbatical\" that separated them, for a time, from workism. Companies should take take note and recognize that meaningful work needs to be in harmony with the rest of employees' lives. If not, it will often backfire. As one pair of researchers ","type":"text"},{"text":"notes","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/industrial-and-organizational-psychology/article/engaged-in-engagement-we-are-delighted-we-did-it/C0E618D60B252FC4A2642E5DE0D2A23A","uuid":null,"anchor":null,"target":"_self","linktype":"url"}}]},{"text":", \"there are limits on the pool of energy and resources available to employees...sustained levels of engagement will be difficult to achieve.\"","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"If employees aren't able to pursue the things they find meaningful outside work, then they won't experience meaning at work either. That's why leaders should aim to build a culture—not a cult—of meaningful work.","type":"text"}]}]},"section":false,"component":"pageIntro","blockCenter":false,"sectionLabel":"","sectionTitle":"","sectionTopPadding":"","sectionBottomPadding":"","sectionBackgroundColor":"","sectionBackgroundTexture":"","sectionBackgroundFullBleed":false,"_editable":"\u003c!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"pageIntro\", \"space\": \"1016826\", \"uid\": \"f6347e4c-f4fc-4f75-ba9a-b30fc3ddace3\", \"id\": \"14039890\"}--\u003e"}],"component":"box","paddingTop":"2rem","paddingLeft":"2rem","paddingRight":"2rem","centerContent":false,"paddingBottom":"2rem","backgroundColor":"light","_editable":"\u003c!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"box\", \"space\": \"1016826\", \"uid\": \"2718ffec-ab02-47ea-afb0-e6179f0ce889\", \"id\": \"14039890\"}--\u003e"}],"datetime":"2024-05-08 00:00","headline":"Will meaningful work make your employees moral?","component":"thoughtLeadershipSingle","focus_area":["values-and-decision-making","workplace-culture"],"authorStory":"","footer_content":[{"_uid":"bc50afc6-2c32-446c-911f-5f18fc8f6a31","title":"","author":"","section":true,"linkType":"link","moreLink":{"id":"9d196552-f41b-4dc8-84ed-03515e73cd75","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"https://vividfront.d2vfd13kvh64wf.amplifyapp.com/thought-leadership"},"component":"recentThoughtLeadership","moreTitle":"View All","showAuthor":true,"sectionLabel":"","sectionTitle":"Recent Thought Leadership","numberOfPosts":"3","sectionTopPadding":"","sectionBottomPadding":"","sectionBackgroundColor":"section--light","sectionBackgroundTexture":"","sectionBackgroundFullBleed":true,"_editable":"\u003c!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"recentThoughtLeadership\", \"space\": \"1016826\", \"uid\": \"bc50afc6-2c32-446c-911f-5f18fc8f6a31\", \"id\": 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\"14039890\"}--\u003e","slug":"thought-leadership/will-meaningful-work-make-your-employees-moral"},"slug":"will-meaningful-work-make-your-employees-moral","full_slug":"nddcel/thought-leadership/will-meaningful-work-make-your-employees-moral","sort_by_date":null,"position":-40,"tag_list":[],"is_startpage":false,"parent_id":12930724,"meta_data":null,"group_id":"df6ac175-96f8-4f41-9346-eaf3255b1d5e","first_published_at":"2024-03-12T16:46:00.000Z","release_id":null,"lang":"default","path":null,"alternates":[],"default_full_slug":null,"translated_slugs":null,"_stopResolving":true},{"name":"Are you a cynic? It might be hurting your career.","created_at":"2024-10-31T16:42:42.224Z","published_at":"2024-11-15T15:17:43.011Z","updated_at":"2024-11-15T15:17:43.035Z","id":14301676,"uuid":"19041468-167d-4a65-8940-c32058ff08fe","content":{"_uid":"f0c35498-cfcc-40fd-a777-12e6aed89174","meta":[{"_uid":"aad17d02-62c5-437a-bd6a-f86f6fd2bb02","data":{"_uid":"32a8cb67-1a2a-48e0-b69f-588322b3a463","title":"Are you a cynic? It might be hurting your career.","plugin":"meta-fields","description":"Being cynical in your social interactions may seem like the safe approach—yet it can keep you from succeeding professionally and financially."},"component":"metadata","_editable":"\u003c!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"metadata\", \"space\": \"1016826\", \"uid\": \"aad17d02-62c5-437a-bd6a-f86f6fd2bb02\", \"id\": \"14301676\"}--\u003e"}],"role":"leadership","type":"article","image":{"id":977882,"alt":"woman peering through windows","name":"","focus":"","title":"woman peering through windows","source":"","filename":"https://a-us.storyblok.com/f/1016826/1375x763/2b95da9ed9/istock_806822594.jpg","copyright":"","fieldtype":"asset","meta_data":{"alt":"woman peering through windows","title":"woman peering through windows","source":"","copyright":""},"is_external_url":false},"author":"Brett Beasley","content":[{"_uid":"7f95e244-a74b-4148-a2c8-821806c8ba94","quote":"Being cynical in your social interactions may seem like the safe approach—yet it can keep you from succeeding professionally and financially.","style":"none","source":"","component":"blockquote","_editable":"\u003c!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"blockquote\", \"space\": \"1016826\", \"uid\": \"7f95e244-a74b-4148-a2c8-821806c8ba94\", \"id\": \"14301676\"}--\u003e"},{"_uid":"8bf63f9b-0df4-4cf6-882c-74c4e3a076f4","intro1":{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"content":[{"text":"Given the opportunity, do you believe most people would","type":"text"},{"type":"hard_break"},{"text":"A.) exploit you, or","type":"text"},{"type":"hard_break"},{"text":"B.) attempt to be fair toward you?","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Your answer can be quite revealing—both about you and your future. Researchers have found that one of these choices leads to better relationships and more self-esteem (Chen et al., 2015). It also leads to higher levels of job satisfaction (Leung, Ip, \u0026 Leung, 2010). And it predicts better physical health, including lower risk of heart disease, dementia, and depression (Everson et al., 1997; Neuvonen et al., 2014; Smith, 1992).","type":"text"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"content":[{"text":"So, which choice is it?","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Many people assume the answer is option A. Better to be cautious, right?  Those who choose option A are what researchers call “cynical.” Being cynical means you assume most other people have bad or unethical motives. The cynical choice can certainly seem like the safer choice. Since cynics mistrust others’ motives, they are not likely to risk their own wellbeing. Instead, they try to stay in control of their destiny. They focus on looking out for themselves.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Yet the cynical choice of option A does not normally lead to better outcomes at home, at work, and for your health. Rather it’s the B option of the idealists—those who believe most other people would treat them fairly if given the chance—that wins in the long run, with stronger relationships, greater job satisfaction, and better overall wellbeing.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"content":[{"type":"hard_break"},{"text":"What’s the problem with cynicism?","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Cynics certainly work hard to avoid harm. But unfortunately, they can end up harming themselves. In their effort to avoid getting burned they mistrust even those who want to be friendly and supportive toward them (Holt-Lunstad et al., 2008). They exhaust themselves by constantly trying to stay on guard (Izawa et al., 2011). They pass on valuable opportunities for cooperation because they seem too risky. At the same time, they can spend too much time and money trying to protect themselves by monitoring and controlling other people.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"content":[{"type":"hard_break"},{"text":"The cost of cynicism: cynics tend to make less money","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"One of the most fascinating findings about cynicism in recent years is how it harms a person’s career. Olga Stavrova (Tilburg University) and Daniel Ehlebracht (University of Cologne) analyzed data from 1,146 Americans who were surveyed once and then surveyed again nine years later. They found that those who were most cynical tended to make less money. And nine years later, they still made less than idealists. Stavrova and Ehlebracht then analyzed a different set of data from 497 Americans. This data used different measures of cynicism and income, and this time the surveys were spaced only two years apart. The result was the same: the cynics made less initially as well as two years later.","type":"text"}]}]},"section":false,"component":"pageIntro","blockCenter":false,"sectionLabel":"","sectionTitle":"","sectionTopPadding":"","sectionBottomPadding":"","sectionBackgroundColor":"","sectionBackgroundTexture":"","sectionBackgroundFullBleed":false,"_editable":"\u003c!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"pageIntro\", \"space\": \"1016826\", \"uid\": \"8bf63f9b-0df4-4cf6-882c-74c4e3a076f4\", \"id\": \"14301676\"}--\u003e"},{"_uid":"95c8ad65-ff76-4b0c-8636-0762b410274e","quote":"Those who were least cynical didn’t just do better at a moment in time. They were also on a higher trajectory of success.","style":"none","source":"","component":"blockquote","_editable":"\u003c!--#storyblok#{\"name\": \"blockquote\", \"space\": \"1016826\", \"uid\": \"95c8ad65-ff76-4b0c-8636-0762b410274e\", \"id\": \"14301676\"}--\u003e"},{"_uid":"124c404b-9507-4636-ac15-d95465c66adc","intro1":{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"To get a more detailed sense of how cynics and idealists move through their careers, Stavrova and Ehlebracht looked to Germany. With more detailed data showing income growth for individuals every year for nine years, they discovered that the least cynical individuals saw an increase in their monthly income of about €240 (roughly $300) over the nine-year period. The most cynical individuals, on the other hand, saw no change. The point: an earnings gap appeared. ","type":"text"},{"text":"Those who were least cynical didn’t just do better at a moment in time. They were also on a higher trajectory of success.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"content":[{"type":"hard_break"},{"text":"Becoming less cynical and more idealistic","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Good news for idealists, right? But it’s really good news for all of us. Research shows that cynicism isn’t a fixed trait. Although certain experiences, such as a hostile childhood, can set us up for a life of cynicism (Meesters, Muris, \u0026 Esselink, 1995), we still have the power to shape our beliefs about others. But it does take effort. Here’s how to start looking a bit more on the bright side.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"content":[{"text":"1. Surround yourself with positive examples.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"There are contexts when cynicism can be advantageous. Stavrova and Ehlebracht analyzed data from 41 different countries and found that there’s only one type of situation in which cynicism actually pays off: when cynical beliefs turn out to be true. While cynicism fails time and time again in most places, it does work in places where there is very little cooperation and kindness, where murder, crime, and corruption run rampant.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"But that’s not the reality most of us live in. Keep in mind that most of the time we use the ","type":"text"},{"text":"availability heuristic ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"text":"as a sort of shortcut to decide how likely an event is. Instead of calculating the event’s true probability, we simply try to see if an example of that event comes to mind. If one does, ","type":"text"},{"text":"voilá","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}]},{"text":", we think that event is likely to happen to us.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Combine the availability heuristic with our current news environment, and you have a recipe for cynicism. In fact, overwhelmingly negative media coverage may be one of the reasons that cynicism has been on the rise for more than forty years (Twenge, et al., 2014). Work against the cynicism cycle by exposing yourself and your team to more of what’s good in the world and in leadership.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"content":[{"type":"hard_break"},{"text":"2. Try forgiveness over harsh judgment.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Psychologists observe that when someone lets us down we tend not just to judge that person’s behavior, but also their motives. We tend to think they let us down because they’re a bad person who never meant to treat us fairly. It’s a tendency called the ","type":"text"},{"text":"fundamental attribution error","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"text":".","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"This is also one reason we tend to go easier on ourselves than others: we know our motives were good, even if we did the wrong thing (Klein \u0026 Epley, 2017). We tend to forgive ourselves quickly for this reason. (Some psychologists point out that we’re not really self-righteous; we’re just less cynical about ourselves than we are about others.) If you can forgive yourself because you know your motives were good, why not free yourself from cynicism by forgiving others as well?","type":"text"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"content":[{"type":"hard_break"},{"text":"3. Use generosity to ignite cooperation.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"One of the most dangerous drivers of cynicism is confirmation bias. We tend to notice what confirms our existing beliefs and ignore anything that might challenge them. Confirmation bias locks cynics into a cage they cannot escape from. They find more and more evidence to confirm their view that others are fundamentally unkind and untrustworthy.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Even if you’ve been hurt by someone in the past, it’s always a good idea to try and write a new script for your interactions with that person using small acts of generosity. It’s the best way to trigger that person to be generous both to you and to others.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"hard_break"},{"text":"The best news of all is that less cynicism is good not just for individuals or organizations but also for society as a whole. 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