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<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>Siberia: A Cultural History - A. J. Haywood - Google Books</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="/books/css/_ff77d0f0508c7e0bad470e7d6b7f28fa/kl_viewport_kennedy_full_bundle.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet"href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Product+Sans:wght@400"><script src="/books/javascript/v2_ff77d0f0508c7e0bad470e7d6b7f28fa__en.js"></script><script>_OC_Hooks = ["_OC_Page", "_OC_SearchReload", "_OC_TocReload", "_OC_EmptyFunc", "_OC_SearchPage", "_OC_QuotePage" ];for (var _OC_i = 0; _OC_i < _OC_Hooks.length; _OC_i++) {eval("var " + _OC_Hooks[_OC_i] + ";");}function _OC_InitHooks () {for (var i = 0; i < _OC_Hooks.length; i++) {var func = arguments[i];eval( _OC_Hooks[i] + " = func;");}}</script><link rel="canonical" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Siberia.html?id=YKPaLi1d1O4C"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://books.google.com/books/about/Siberia.html?id=YKPaLi1d1O4C"/><meta name="title" content="Siberia"/><meta name="description" content="Before Russians crossed the Urals Mountains in the sixteenth century to settle their "colony" in North Asia, they heard rumors about bountiful fur, of bizarre people without eyes who ate by shrugging their shoulders and of a land where trees exploded from cold. This region of frozen tundra, endless forest, and humming steppe between the Urals and the Pacific Ocean was a vast, strange, and frightening paradise. It was Siberia.Siberia is a cradle of civilizations, the birthplace of ancient Turkic empires and home to the cultures of indigenes, including peoples whose ancestors migrated to the Americas. It was a promised land to which bonded peasants could flee their cruel masters, yet also a snow-covered "white hell" across which exiles shuffled in felt shoes and chains. In Stalin's era, Siberia became synonymous with the gulag; today, it is a vast region of bustling metropolises and magnificent landscapes: a place where the humdrum, the beautiful, and the bizarre ignite the imagination. Tracing the historical contours of Siberia, A. J. Haywood offers a detailed account of the architectural and cultural landmarks of cities such as Irkutsk, Tobolsk, Barnaul, and Novosibirsk.MAGNIFICENT RIVERS AND LAKES: Lake Baikal, the Ob, Irtysh, Yenisey, Angara, Lena and Amur rivers. Writer Anton Chekhov described some, polar explorer Fridtjof Nansen and the eccentric British merchant captain Joseph Wiggins navigated others.THE CITIES AND THE RAILWAY: High fashion and low life, traffic-choked streets, and chimney stacks. Siberia's cities bring a madding crowd far into the remote taiga-linked by the Trans-Siberian Railway, the nineteenth-century "camel track."MYSTICS, MOUNTAINS AND ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONSNikolay Rerikh sought the mystical kingdom of Shambhala here, Russian writer Valentin Rasputin was confused by its beauty, while local Altaians themselves see their republic of mountains and steppe as a Central Asian heaven on earth."/><meta property="og:title" content="Siberia"/><meta property="og:type" content="book"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Google Books"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=YKPaLi1d1O4C&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE71xkfOzUkbc3eH2dKY3C7ULoHuqiA0n3wopWsBApEjtTfB7XttC0xniRBMHHlkS_L9prcWLRjcHeO1H6qbgPuJesYlmQ33ePEdw0VpxPk-4mHGMAoIbC21jhIas8N2gBjQRzCLM"/><link rel="image_src" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=YKPaLi1d1O4C&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE71xkfOzUkbc3eH2dKY3C7ULoHuqiA0n3wopWsBApEjtTfB7XttC0xniRBMHHlkS_L9prcWLRjcHeO1H6qbgPuJesYlmQ33ePEdw0VpxPk-4mHGMAoIbC21jhIas8N2gBjQRzCLM"/><script></script><style>#gbar,#guser{font-size:13px;padding-top:1px !important;}#gbar{height:22px}#guser{padding-bottom:7px !important;text-align:right}.gbh,.gbd{border-top:1px solid #c9d7f1;font-size:1px}.gbh{height:0;position:absolute;top:24px;width:100%}@media all{.gb1{height:22px;margin-right:.5em;vertical-align:top}#gbar{float:left}}a.gb1,a.gb4{text-decoration:underline !important}a.gb1,a.gb4{color:#00c !important}.gbi .gb4{color:#dd8e27 !important}.gbf .gb4{color:#900 !important} #gbar { padding:.3em .6em !important;}</style></head><body class=""><div id=gbar><nobr><a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tab=pw">Search</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.google.com.sg/imghp?hl=en&tab=pi">Images</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://maps.google.com.sg/maps?hl=en&tab=pl">Maps</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://play.google.com/?hl=en&tab=p8">Play</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.youtube.com/?tab=p1">YouTube</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://news.google.com/?tab=pn">News</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://mail.google.com/mail/?tab=pm">Gmail</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://drive.google.com/?tab=po">Drive</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 style="text-decoration:none" href="https://www.google.com.sg/intl/en/about/products?tab=ph"><u>More</u> »</a></nobr></div><div id=guser width=100%><nobr><span id=gbn class=gbi></span><span id=gbf class=gbf></span><span id=gbe></span><a target=_top id=gb_70 href="https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print&continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3DYKPaLi1d1O4C%26q%3Drussian%2Bculture%26redir_esc%3Dy%26hl%3Den&hl=en&ec=GAZACg" class=gb4>Sign in</a></nobr></div><div class=gbh style=left:0></div><div class=gbh style=right:0></div><div role="alert" style="position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0;"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=YKPaLi1d1O4C&q=russian+culture&redir_esc=y&hl=en&output=html_text" title="Screen reader users: click this link for accessible mode. 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This region of frozen tundra, endless forest, and humming steppe between the Urals and the Pacific Ocean was a vast, strange, and frightening paradise. It was Siberia.Siberia is a cradle of civilizations, the birthplace of ancient Turkic empires and home to the cultures of indigenes, including peoples whose ancestors migrated to the Americas. It was a promised land to which bonded peasants could flee their cruel masters, yet also a snow-covered \"white hell\" across which exiles shuffled in felt shoes and chains. In Stalin's era, Siberia became synonymous with the gulag; today, it is a vast region of bustling metropolises and magnificent landscapes: a place where the humdrum, the beautiful, and the bizarre ignite the imagination. Tracing the historical contours of Siberia, A. J. Haywood offers a detailed account of the architectural and cultural landmarks of cities such as Irkutsk, Tobolsk, Barnaul, and Novosibirsk.MAGNIFICENT RIVERS AND LAKES: Lake Baikal, the Ob, Irtysh, Yenisey, Angara, Lena and Amur rivers. Writer Anton Chekhov described some, polar explorer Fridtjof Nansen and the eccentric British merchant captain Joseph Wiggins navigated others.THE CITIES AND THE RAILWAY: High fashion and low life, traffic-choked streets, and chimney stacks. Siberia's cities bring a madding crowd far into the remote taiga-linked by the Trans-Siberian Railway, the nineteenth-century \"camel track.\"MYSTICS, MOUNTAINS AND ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONSNikolay Rerikh sought the mystical kingdom of Shambhala here, Russian writer Valentin Rasputin was confused by its beauty, while local Altaians themselves see their republic of mountains and steppe as a Central Asian heaven on earth.","my_library_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fop%3Dlibrary\u0026hl=en","is_magazine":false,"is_public_domain":false,"last_page":{"pid":"PA297","order":320,"title":"297"}},{"enableUserFeedbackUI":true,"pseudocontinuous":true,"is_cobrand":false,"sign_in_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3DYKPaLi1d1O4C%26q%3Drussian%2Bculture%26redir_esc%3Dy%26hl%3Den\u0026hl=en","isEntityPageViewport":false,"showViewportOnboarding":false,"showViewportPlainTextOnboarding":false},{"page":[{"pid":"PA213","highlights":[{"X":58,"Y":382,"W":50,"H":17},{"X":58,"Y":484,"W":50,"H":17},{"X":111,"Y":484,"W":45,"H":17},{"X":301,"Y":647,"W":50,"H":17},{"X":235,"Y":688,"W":50,"H":17},{"X":177,"Y":708,"W":50,"H":17},{"X":114,"Y":810,"W":49,"H":17}],"flags":8,"order":236,"vq":"russian culture"}]},null,{"number_of_results":83,"search_results":[{"page_id":"PR4","page_number":"iv","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecultural\u003c/b\u003e history / A.J. 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Haywood. which the \u003cb\u003eRussians\u003c/b\u003e opened fire. The indigenes living in Siberia on the eve of the \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e colonization were scattered in some two dozen ethnic groups whose lifestyle depended on fishing, hunting and\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA14","page_number":"14","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eculture\u003c/b\u003e, for in- stance, an eagle is considered to have had sexual union with a woman and created the first shamans ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e coloniza- tion is the sixteenth-century Cossack Yermak Timofeyevich, portrayed in the nineteenth\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA15","page_number":"15","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. sacks. Led by elected atamans (military heads), the Cossacks lived from booty ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e expansion into Siberia was the powerful family that sponsored Yermak, the Stroganovs. The Stroganovs were\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA19","page_number":"19","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. escaped , and to have brought the news of this catastrophe to his coun- trymen ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e Cossacks arriving under the command of a military governor by the name of Ivan Mansurov , and together the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA20","page_number":"20","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. Peninsula, and by 1733 they had jumped the Pacific and arrived in Alaska on a new ... \u003cb\u003eRussia\u003c/b\u003e in the mid-six- teenth century, but in Siberia it became a feature of its landscape of colo- nization\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA21","page_number":"21","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. Chapter. Two. A. Frontier. Beyond. The. Urals. and. Yekaterinburg. “The procession ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e history as it is seen as the cradle of modern \u003cb\u003eRussia\u003c/b\u003e. It was in this region that Rurik, a Varangian (Viking)\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA23","page_number":"23","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eculture\u003c/b\u003e , are found \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e villages well peopled . And , where the woods are cut down , there appeared a beautiful landskip [ landscape ] , even at this bleak season . These mountains divide \u003cb\u003eRussia\u003c/b\u003e from Siberia . They run in a ridge\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA26","page_number":"26","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. were high that the driver would have a predilection for vodka. The telega, in ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e writer and playwright Anton Chekhov (1860- 1904) travelled to Sakhalin Island and spent several months\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA29","page_number":"29","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. another quarter of the globe , inhabited in some parts , by nations and ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e expansion into Siberia . One of these was the wealthy Stroganov family of merchants and industrialists . The\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA32","page_number":"32","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. the tower, which affords spectacular views over the countryside if one can gain ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e engi- neer, geographer and historian Vasily Tatishchev to found a large industrial town in the Urals for\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA34","page_number":"34","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. around what today is known as Historical Square (Istorichesky Skver). He was also ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e Revolution Yekaterinburg had become a bustling city with about 100,000 inhabitants and almost fifty\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA36","page_number":"36","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. savings of ordinary \u003cb\u003eRussians\u003c/b\u003e . Less than two years after the crisis Yekater- inburg ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e stan- dards — sizeable middle class can be found these days walking along its broad avenues . A Walk\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA37","page_number":"37","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. From here it is only a short walk east along prospekt Lenina to reach the ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e system, where the ground floor is considered the first floor) to the left, where over 700 exhibits, large\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA38","page_number":"38","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. here it is a short walk across to ulitsa Malysheva 46, to the Sverdlovsk Region ... \u003cb\u003eRussia\u003c/b\u003e a European nation, \u003cb\u003eRussians\u003c/b\u003e did not devote much energy to trying to define where Europe ended and Asia\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA40","page_number":"40","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eculture\u003c/b\u003e of the region. One of these is Pavel Bazhov (1879-1950), who is well-known for his collections of fairy ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e Revolution of 1917 as a way out of the very real social inequalities of his day. He worked as a journalist\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA49","page_number":"49","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. in Pakistan at 6.26 a.m. on 1 May 1960 , he flew into Soviet airspace and over Siberia to the Urals , where the \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e military launched a surface- to - air missile that struck its target . Powers\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA55","page_number":"55","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. Jeremiah Curtin (1835-1906), a diplomat, folklorist and traveller who spent several years in \u003cb\u003eRussia\u003c/b\u003e in the 1860s attached to the American lega- tion and at one point as consul-general for the US in \u003cb\u003eRussia\u003c/b\u003e\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA57","page_number":"57","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecultural\u003c/b\u003e life of the town, and Tyumen\u0026#39;s first professional theatre was founded in the 1890s. Like Tobolsk, Tyumen ... \u003cb\u003eRussia\u003c/b\u003e and its role as a centre for prisoners of war. Here, as in many other Siberian towns, local indus- try\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA59","page_number":"59","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. taiga and in some cases simply migrated to new grounds , where the Khanty , for ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e women . When Filofey Leshchinsky arrived in Tyumen in the early eighteenth century he spearheaded the new\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA60","page_number":"60","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. Slezkine observes, the notion of progress (becoming \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e) was based on a rather ... \u003cb\u003eRussia\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e churches. This ambivalence is gen- erally seen as being rooted in Stalin\u0026#39;s need to encourage loyalty\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA63","page_number":"63","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. Bering in 1733-43. This expedition was an ambitious undertaking that saw ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e Orthodox monastery and instead was laid to rest on an unstable patch of ground between the monastery and the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA66","page_number":"66","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecultural\u003c/b\u003e Academy building until 1922. The building at ulitsa Respubliki 18 is today one of two forming the Museum ... \u003cb\u003eRussia\u003c/b\u003e. The house landed in the hands of the merchant I. P. Kolokol- nikov, who later set up a committee here\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA68","page_number":"68","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. get a dzhonikidzhe 47 , was established in 1957 and is the city\u0026#39;s fine arts gallery ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e Hogarth ” . He came from the town of Turinsk and after attracting the attention of one of the local\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA71","page_number":"71","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. After his return to the capital Rasputin\u0026#39;s notoriety made him a con- troversial figure in the press and in \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e ... \u003cb\u003eRussians\u003c/b\u003e are not vindictive, but there is a flat refusal to have anything more to do\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA74","page_number":"74","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. into a world view on love in a cold taiga: Almost all philosophers are of opinion ... \u003cb\u003eRussia\u003c/b\u003e are entirely con- tradictory to this opinion; they make the \u003cb\u003eRussians\u003c/b\u003e an exception to this general rule\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA76","page_number":"76","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. distances; and is well furnished with military stores. Within the town stand the ... \u003cb\u003eRussians\u003c/b\u003e, of different pro- fessions; many of them are merchants, and very rich, by the profitable trade they\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA77","page_number":"77","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecultural\u003c/b\u003e attractions. About 150,000 visitors currently arrive each year, of which the overwhelming majority are \u003cb\u003eRussians\u003c/b\u003e. The Kremlin Complex In mid-1587 a contingent of about 500 Cossacks arrived in Tobolsk and began building a new\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA78","page_number":"78","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. Situated left of the Holy Gate, the first gate seen when approaching the kremlin ... \u003cb\u003eRussia\u003c/b\u003e, and often they included quar- ters where merchants could sleep, a customs house where the government\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA79","page_number":"79","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. Other changes taking place over the centuries include the addition of a northern ... \u003cb\u003eRussia\u003c/b\u003e in 1547 and descended from the Rurik dynastic line. When Ivan died in 1584, he left behind two sons\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA83","page_number":"83","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. Tobolsk . In 1822 reforms introduced by Mikhail Speransky ( 1772-1839 ) , a key figure in \u003cb\u003eRussia\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e liberal movement , returned the system of two provinces : Western Siberia , with its capital in Tobolsk\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA89","page_number":"89","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. manovs , although very few of the exhibits actually belonged to the family ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e Justice Minister , George Telberg , and London Times reporter , Robert Wilton , which relied on accounts of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA94","page_number":"94","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. where Yermak arrived to find a deserted city in 1582. A few years after Yermak\u0026#39;s ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e settlers here were yamshchiky , fifty or so coach drivers who were brought across the Urals with their\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA96","page_number":"96","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eculture\u003c/b\u003e, as Khanty and Manis see themselves as descendants of the bear, and killing one involves a complicated ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e and foreign workers to extract the vast reserves of oil and gas from the taiga, this figure has plummeted to\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA99","page_number":"99","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. Menshikov, who died here, was not the first notable to wind up on this quiet ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e goods. Erman writes: “All these various nations and tribes can make themselves understood to one another\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA100","page_number":"100","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. become better known for the extraction of natural gas , which began in the region in the 1960s . It is one of \u003cb\u003eRussia\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e fastest developing regions for gas — about ninety per cent of the gas \u003cb\u003eRussia\u003c/b\u003e\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA107","page_number":"107","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. Many of the older travel writers do not mention Omsk. There are two reasons ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e forces during the civil war, Admiral Alexander Kolchak (1874-1920). When the February revolution of 1917 in\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA108","page_number":"108","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. to be more moderate than in Petrograd, exiled Bolsheviks did form their own ... \u003cb\u003eRussia\u003c/b\u003e to bring it under the Bolshevik wing. The average Siberian had numerous practical reasons for withholding\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA109","page_number":"109","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. Grigory Semyonov (1890-1946), who led repeated forays into \u003cb\u003eRussia\u003c/b\u003e from Manchuria across the border. They were partly armed by the Japanese, who saw an opportunity to get a foothold in Siberia and were\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA114","page_number":"114","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. venue for performances. This changed in 1905 when, at the instigation of local ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e paintings from the eighteenth to the early twentieth centuries and a collection of about 300 paintings by\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA115","page_number":"115","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. Other \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e masters who have a place in the collection are land- scape painter Ivan Shishkin (1832-98) and Konstantin Makovsky (1839- 1915). Both of these belong to the so-called Peredvizhniki\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA118","page_number":"118","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. under Tsar Alexander I and shaped many of \u003cb\u003eRussia\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e towns in the early nineteenth century. He was not the only Scot with a hand in \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e ar- chitecture. Another, Charles Cameron (1745-1812), was invited\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA119","page_number":"119","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e soldiers. I had not, however, been long in Siberia before I realised that the desire on the part of writers ... \u003cb\u003eculture\u003c/b\u003e but oil and gas that turned Siberia into \u003cb\u003eRussia\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e post-Soviet cash cow. From the St. Nicholas Cathedral\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA125","page_number":"125","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. Chapter Seven Over the Top: The Northern Sea Route In mid-August 1894 the New ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e Church... is now being instructed by a \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e tutor to the imperial family sent from St. Petersburg for the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA126","page_number":"126","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. The “ Czar ” mentioned is Nicholas II , while “ Princess Alix ” is none other ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e government to carry 1,600 tons of rails to the “ mighty Yenisei River ” . A small fleet of \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e steamers\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA127","page_number":"127","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. Holman rising to fame on the strength of a disability, and he harboured grave ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e. The military captain concluded: “Who will then say that Siberia is a wild, inhospitable country, when even\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA134","page_number":"134","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. twenty years at the Swedish National Museum of Natural History. His name was Nils ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e authorities with his patri- otism, and used the museum as his base for numerous expeditions to study the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA136","page_number":"136","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. this occasion, storms in the Barents Sea drove him back. Despite such setbacks ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e government released funds to find out whether this would be feasible, and what began life as a pleasure\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA138","page_number":"138","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. Wiggins was, in fact, something of a happy-go-lucky sailor who did not care much for logbooks or maps. A \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e academic Vladimir Se- myonov complained of another of Wiggins\u0026#39; voyages that the plan had\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA146","page_number":"146","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. I asked the cleaning ladies. “Double,” they replied. If a second person was inside, we ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e who had accidentally locked himself in the bathroom. This bath- room had no window. He had been so\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA152","page_number":"152","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. the Moscow-Vladivostok route to be the Trans-Siberian proper. Another route is the Trans-Manchurian, which follows the main line to Tarskaya, veers south to the \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e ... \u003cb\u003eRussia\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e longest railway tunnel\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA162","page_number":"162","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. technologies. The original steel scales had been shaped by hand, but the skills ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e and Ukrainian realist painter Ilya Repin (1844-1930) and created about 7,000 works in his lifetime. After\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA165","page_number":"165","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e scientist Sergey Zimov, whose sixty-square mile Pleistocene Park in Yakutia is gradually being transformed ... \u003cb\u003eculture\u003c/b\u003e, which existed in the Altai region around 500 BCE. This page intentionally left blank Chapter Nine THE\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA180","page_number":"180","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. of Lake Baikal, and in most other places where Buddhism is practised. \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e and foreign visitors sometimes copy the custom by tearing up pieces of cloth at these sacred sites and attaching them to\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA191","page_number":"191","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eculture\u003c/b\u003e was experiencing a revival. The ensemble has performed widely in \u003cb\u003eRussia\u003c/b\u003e and abroad, and today is based in Kyzyl\u0026#39;s Khoomei Centre at ulitsa Shchetkina 46. Throat singing by these and other performers such as Huun-Huur-Tu are also\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA195","page_number":"195","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. epic over a series of days, beginning each evening after the meal. Some- times ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e archaeologist M. P. Gryaznov. Research began at a second site in the valley from 1997, later supported by\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA198","page_number":"198","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. and given the \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e name Belotsarsk (White Tsar), although strictly speaking Tannu-Uriankhai still belonged to now independent Mongolia. One of those leaders who petitioned \u003cb\u003eRussia\u003c/b\u003e to make Tannu\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA199","page_number":"199","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. Yet with the exception of the Baltic States, Tuva was the only Soviet republic ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e Federation. It has an abysmally low male average life expectancy of around fifty, and is \u003cb\u003eRussia\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e least\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA200","page_number":"200","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. The Yenisey , flowing 2,166 miles to the Arctic Ocean , is arguably Siberia\u0026#39;s most ... \u003cb\u003eRussia\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e largest hydroelectric source . The small town of Shushenskoe , situated about fifty miles south of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA202","page_number":"202","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. Khakassia and the Steppe \u003cb\u003eCultures\u003c/b\u003e From Minusinsk it is only a short hop to ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e administrative needs. The broad designations tsarist \u003cb\u003eRussia\u003c/b\u003e used were Kachins, Kyzyls, Sagays, Beltirs and\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA208","page_number":"208","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. trade - hungry Wiggins who sailed across the northern coast in 1893 as part of ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e pessimism . The Yenisey , however , began life with a groan and ended with a boldness we could never dream\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA212","page_number":"212","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. Sitka in Alaska and to negotiate a deal that would allow him to trade with the ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e Art from the eighteenth to the early twentieth centuries (Zal Russkovo Iskusstva XVIII-nachala XX Veka) is\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA213","page_number":"213","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eRussian culture\u003c/b\u003e goes far beyond the works he created. His painting, “Bo- yarynya Morozova” (from 1887) was used by film director Sergey Eisen- stein to illustrate theories of montage and movement. (Fyeodosiya Morozova was an Old\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA228","page_number":"228","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. In the early seventeenth century , says James Forsyth in his A History of the Peoples of Siberia , the \u003cb\u003eRussians\u003c/b\u003e set about colonizing eastern Siberia from two towns . One of these was Old Mangazeya\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA229","page_number":"229","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. The \u003cb\u003eRussians\u003c/b\u003e thus found themselves in a complex region of \u003cb\u003ecultures\u003c/b\u003e where systems of tribute already existed. South of Yeniseysk in the taiga around Krasnoyarsk the Yenisey-Kyrgyz were collecting tribute\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA230","page_number":"230","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. him they bought their silver. The journey made Pokhabov the first \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e emissary ... \u003cb\u003eRussians\u003c/b\u003e and Buryats. Because at this time no towns of significance existed on \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e soil in the Far East\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA236","page_number":"236","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. name. Another depicts Yermak; the northern side depicts the governor- general ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e Revolution of 1917, the tsar was removed and the pedestal stood empty until 1964, when a column was erected\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA247","page_number":"247","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. other matters on their mind or, he believes, they lacked the powerful lan- guage ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e envoy Nicolay Spafary (1636-1708) became the first \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e to provide a detailed geographical outline of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA265","page_number":"265","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. Chapter. Thirteen. The. Archipelago. of. Exile: Magadan. “My friend left for Magadan ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e-American Telegraph Company, and he had also travelled into the Caucasus. After returning to the United\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA270","page_number":"270","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. The turmoil of the second half of the nineteenth century in \u003cb\u003eRussia\u003c/b\u003e led to ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e relations with the in- digenes of the north, that with southern Siberia becoming a place for the living\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA273","page_number":"273","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. nent—almost as an invisible, intangible country inhabited by a people known as zeks.” Zek is an abbreviation of the \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e prison term for pris- oner. He also writes: “If only it were so simple—that\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA275","page_number":"275","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. have thrown herself at Wallace\u0026#39;s feet and pleaded for help , but Wallace , unable to understand \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e , was told the woman was insane . In The Unquiet Ghost , Adam Hochschild writes : “ Watchtowers\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA279","page_number":"279","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. Mask of sorrow prisingly, Magadan benefited from a large number of talented artists who fell victim to the purges. The \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e stage designer Leonid Vegener (1908-91) was arrested in 1938 on charges of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA282","page_number":"282","snippet_text":"A Cultural History A. J. Haywood. inspiration provided by Agnieszka E. Halemba, The Telengits of Southern Siberia ... \u003cb\u003eRussian Culture\u003c/b\u003e. Nicholas Rzhevsky (ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Mark R. Beissinger\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=YKPaLi1d1O4C\u0026pg=PA282\u0026vq=russian+culture"},{"page_id":"PA283","page_number":"283","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. North-West Mongolia and Dzungaria. London: Hutchinson \u0026amp; Co., 1914. Anton Chekhov ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e Art in Search of Identity, in \u003cb\u003eRussia\u003c/b\u003e and Western Civilization: \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e and Historical Encounters (Russel\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=YKPaLi1d1O4C\u0026pg=PA283\u0026vq=russian+culture"},{"page_id":"PA284","page_number":"284","snippet_text":"A \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e History A. J. Haywood. Joseph Frank, Dostoevsky: The Years of Ordeal, 1850-1859. Princeton: Princeton ... \u003cb\u003eRussian\u003c/b\u003e economic history before 1917. New York: Research Program on the U.S.S.R, 1953. Henry Lansdell. Through\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=YKPaLi1d1O4C\u0026pg=PA284\u0026vq=russian+culture"},{"page_id":"PA286","page_number":"286","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eRussia\u003c/b\u003e . London : Cadell and Davies , 1802 . Ina Schröder , \u0026#39; Keeping our Traditions through the Centuries \u0026#39; : Indigenous Ways to \u003cb\u003eCultural\u003c/b\u003e Revival in Khanty Mansi Autonomous District , Western Siberia . Master\u0026#39;s Thesis , Social Sciences\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=YKPaLi1d1O4C\u0026pg=PA286\u0026vq=russian+culture"}],"search_query_escaped":"russian culture"},{});</script></div></div></div><script>(function() {var href = window.location.href;if (href.indexOf('?') !== -1) {var parameters = href.split('?')[1].split('&');for (var i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {var param = parameters[i].split('=');if (param[0] == 'focus') {var elem = document.getElementById(param[1]);if (elem) {elem.focus();}}}}})();</script>